text stringlengths 160 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 2 values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 48 145k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
What is Metaverse |how do i get job in metaverse
Metaverse is a virtual world which is not real, but even in this virtual world, you can buy land and build a house there. You can do business, earn money. If you are a musician, you can do concerts. You can set up an art gallery, or rather, you can do everything there that you do in the real world.
What is the meaning of Metaverse and where did it come from?
In 1992, Steven Stephenson used the term Metaverse in his science fiction novel called Snow Crash. He envisioned that the Metaverse would be a space where people would be able to interact with each other through their avatars.
Have you ever thought that people will give billions of rupees to buy virtual land? It is true. Actually people are now buying virtual land in Metaverse.
Many different technologies are used for the metaverse. Augmented reality, virtual reality and video tools are used in this. The concept of the Metaverse is that in a digital space, people are digitally together with each other.
Metaverse can be used in different places. From gaming sector to meeting and interacting with each other will be included in this. Simply put, a world where you will have one identity — you will be at home, but your avatar will be in the metaverse. However, you will control it yourself.
For example, if you want to take part in a live concert happening in the Metaverse, then you can do that too. This video format will be different from the concert. Because here in this concert your avatar will be present with other people.
You’ll be able to feel like you’re participating in that concert and enjoying yourself with the people you use to the metaverse, because there will be other people in the form of avatars and you’ll see them over there. You can also have a conversation.
People will be able to meet each other, talk and do gaming together in the digital space through their avatar sitting at home. Even through their avatar in the digital space, people can do virtual trips around the world.
Facebook has done a lot of work on the metaverse. The company has developed a meeting software called Horizon Workroom. It is used with the Oculus VR headset attached. Using this software and Oculus VR headset, you can put your avatar in the meeting.
The Metaverse is a virtual world where you can do everything you would do in the real world. Let’s start with Web 1.0, in fact, when the Internet started, most things used to be in the form of text. After this came Web 2.0 which is presently present.
Web 2.0 has everything except text. Not only audio and video, but 3D and immersive experience is also available in Web 2.0.
What after Web 2.0?
This is where the story of the Metaverse begins. Because Metaverse is being called Web 3.0. Therefore, it will not be an exaggeration to say that in the coming 5 to 10 years, the way of using the Internet will completely change and people will have shifted to the metaverse, that is, a new world.
Recently Facebook has changed its name to Meta, so people are seeing Metaverse associating with Facebook. but it’s not like that. Metaverse is actually a term. The real world where you and I live and you can understand the Metaverse as a virtual world.
Just like in the real world, you need land to build a house or open a shop. Similarly, people are buying virtual plots to live in the Metaverse, to open a shop, to play or to hold a concert. Yes, money has to be paid for this only. New records are being made for buying land in the Metaverse. People are buying virtual plots in Metaverse by paying crores of rupees.
First of all, we will know what is Metaverse and how it works. Will the Metaverse Replace the Internet Within the Next Few Years? What is the future of Metaverse and what can it do? In this article you will read about what is going on in the Metaverse so far.
20 to 30 years ago hardly anyone would have thought that the world would become dependent on the Internet. Similarly, if you feel that the metaverse will flop, then you are wrong. Because as of Web 3.0, the metaverse is looking like a solid future.
Barbados has become the first country to announce the opening of its embassy in the metaverse. Barbados is building its diplomatic compound in the Decentraland of the Metaverse.
Embassies of many countries will open in the coming time. Gradually the trend will change and the day is not far when people will start spending more time in metaverse than smartphone.
People are also seeing it as a new way to earn money. Because the price at which plots are being found in Metaverse right now, their prices are also expected to increase rapidly like cryptocurrencies in the coming time.
The sale of virtual land is in trend in the tech world and people are increasingly buying land in the metaverse. This land is very different from the normal land or rather it is virtual and real houses cannot be built on it. Still, why are people giving billions of rupees for this? Let’s try to know.
The world’s big tech companies, including Facebook and Microsoft, are investing billions of dollars in the metaverse. The metaverse is also being considered as the next generation web where people will spend time with each other virtually.
The popular metaverse platform Sandbox has sold virtual land worth 4.3 million US dollars (about Rs 32 crore) last month. This virtual land of Metaverse has been bought by Republic Realm, the developer of a video game company in America.
Based in New York City of America, this company is actually doing real estate work in Metaverse. Just like when you go to buy a house, you contact a real estate company or a broker, in the same way real estate companies are getting established in the metaverse too.
This week a Hong Kong billionaire bought a large plot in the Metaverse from the Metaverse company The Snadbox. According to a report in the South China Morning Post, 42-year-old millionaire has said that he will create a GPA Pavalion in the plot he bought in Metaverse where start-ups will be able to sell their products virtually.
Earlier, Metaverse Group, a subsidiary of Tokens.com, also bought a virtual plot in Metaverse for $2.43 million.
The question is, what will be done after buying the virtual plot and what will be its location?
The metaverse — that is, the virtual world — has different locations and environments. Decentraland is the online environment within the Metaverse ecosystem where they have purchased virtual land/virtual plots.
Virtual Districts and cities are even in the metaverse
Decentraland and The Sandbox are two of the most popular platforms where you can buy virtual plots in the Metaverse. Decentraland is actually a virtual reality (VR) platform based on the Ethereum blockchain.
Conference or commercial plots can be bought on this Metaverse platform. Not only this, plots can be bought for art gallery, house and other live events.
There are five districts inside Decentaland. There are many cities within these districts. These include cities like Crypto Valley, Dragon City, Aetherian City, Vegas City, Fashion Street and District X. You can buy plot here. This will be a virtual plot and after buying you can make whatever you want here.
The Sandbox is also a similar platform where you can buy virtual plots. Apart from this, there are many metaverse platforms where you can buy virtual land.
You will be given many options to buy a house in Metaverse. Want to buy in roadside, want to buy water facing.
Companies have also been prepared in the metaverse. The Metaverse Group is one such company which is an affiliate of Tokens.com. This is a real estate company that provides plots in the metaverse.
The Metaverse Group’s headquarters are also in the Metaverse itself. The company’s global headquarters are in the Crypto Valley of Decentraland. We have told you above about Decentraland.
By buying virtual land or virtual plot in Metaverse, you can create virtual shopping place there. Big events and concerts can also be organized there.
Recently, American musician Snoop Dogg has also bought a plot in the Metaverse. In the coming time, he will perform there. If you’re wondering if live performances can be seen in video, then what about in the Metaverse?
Actually, in Metaverse, you can create your own avatar and place it in that live concert. You will feel like you are a part of that concert. Everything will happen virtually.
After running for 15 years, now Web 2.0 has come to an end and Web 3.0 i.e. Metaverse is starting. Due to the Corona epidemic, the ways of people around the world from meeting, meeting or talking to traveling have also changed. Education has been done online, from doctor consultations to marriages have happened online.
In such a situation, the metaverse is also being seen as the new modern web. This is the reason why companies want to enter this space as soon as possible and billions of dollars are being invested for this.
Just like Facebook has a monopoly in the social media space, in the same way the company is preparing to create a monopoly in the metaverse as well. Mark Zuckerberg says that the metaverse is like the next evolution for social media.
People will interact with each other in virtual space and they will be able to feel that all this is happening in reality.
If seen in the present time, life is literally passing by every person. Only virtual world is being imagined with Metaverse technology. This technology, which is being told that a person will be able to enjoy the world of his choice sitting at his home and enjoying everything of his choice live.
The metaverse which is believed to be the real world. Because after this technology, people’s favorite thing will be available in front of them in the blink of an eye. At present you are enjoying live show like video call through mobile phone. But after the metaverse, people will be able to live their lives in a different way.
The era of digital clothing will also be seen in this virtual world. This means that you are physically sitting at your home. But you will be driven into the virtual world with the help of digital devices.
Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg is investing heavily in making the metaverse a reality. Under this, Zuckerberg will give jobs to 10 thousand technical experts from the European Union and will also spend 50 million dollars.
When will the Metaverse job come out and what will be the requirement for the job, it will be known in the coming future
Whenever a new technology is invented, where we will get full benefit from it, its harmful effects will also come to the fore in future. People will spend most of their day in this, there will be distance between people in their personal life. Apart from this, many more dangerous effects will be seen.
Building the metaverse will be full of challenges. We do not have the kind of infrastructure needed for this technology at the present time.
The internet used in today’s time is limited to one design. For metaverse we have to increase internet speed. In today’s time only 4G is available as a fast network, when millions and millions of people in the metaverse will be meeting or playing games together then it will be a little difficult to handle everything.
To increase the metaverse, we will need 6G. The use of interoperable metaverses will also raise questions related to data security and Artificial Intelligence. Data security will also require the consent of the users. The metaverse will need new rules to control communications, tax reporting, regulatory enforcement, and prevent online radicalization.
Through this article, we have shared all the information related to what is Metaverse with you, hope you liked our article, so share it with your friends and relatives, and also tell us in the comment box that you How did it feel?
Originally published at https://himachaljob.com. | <urn:uuid:be549f57-d3d4-447e-af01-c3fc587ac197> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mail-72840.medium.com/what-is-metaverse-how-do-i-get-job-in-metaverse-2a4612b53f0?source=post_internal_links---------3---------------------------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.955105 | 2,576 | 2.609375 | 3 |
November 2, 2020 report
Team achieves first plasma on upgraded MAST, ready to test Super-X divertor
The team at Culham Centre for Fusion Energy (CCFE) in South East England has notified the press that testing of plasma has begun on an upgrade to the Mega AMP Spherical Tokamak (MAST)—a new approach to creating a working fusion reactor. In their announcement, the team at CCFE noted that the plasma test has come after seven years of work upgrading the original MAST which has cost approximately £55m.
Producing electricity by means of a fusion reactor is still very much in the experimental stage. Scientists have dreamed for years of switching from the fission reactors now in use around the world, to much cleaner fusion reactors—if successful they would produce electricity by harnessing the energy released when light atomic nuclei are combined to form a heavier nucleus—all without producing radioactive waste. Prior work has shown that it can be done but the challenge has always been to be able to output more power using such a reactor than is used to produce it. Another challenge with such reactors is the exhaust system—the part that processes spent fuel and the heat that is ejected from the plasma. Current designs are not sufficient to handle such materials for very long periods of time, which means they have to be replaced periodically making the electricity produced cost more.
As part of the upgrade to the MAST, the team has also upgraded the exhaust system, which they believe will handle the enormous stresses without the need for constant replacements. They have named it the Super-X divertor. Testing of the upgraded MAST in the near term will be focused very heavily on testing the new divertor design.
The upgraded MAST is based on a new nearly spherical design (as opposed to the older doughnut shape), and like its predecessors, is controlled using magnetic fields. The team at CCFE notes that such a design could also work for much smaller fusion plants, making their construction much less expensive. The British government is optimistic about fusion plants, and because of that has been providing the funding for the CCFE project. They expect one day to have such plants producing the power that the U.K. will need in the future, without the need to handle its waste. The current goal date for such a working plant is 2040.
© 2020 Science X Network | <urn:uuid:a7893620-110d-4f3a-9e2f-e6f8e7093c1d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://phys.org/news/2020-11-team-plasma-mast-ready-super-x.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.972523 | 483 | 3.328125 | 3 |
When J.S.Bach performed the St. Matthew Passion
on Good Friday in Leipzig, how many performers did he have? More
particularly how many singers did he have? Much academic ink has
been spilt over this issue. Bach routinely performed music at
St. Thomas's Church with tiny forces, and that on an ordinary
Sunday. One voice to a part was probably commonplace. He would
certainly not have been surprised at a performance like that on
the recent recording by Paul McCreesh and the Gabrieli Consort,
which uses just eight singers. But the Good Friday Passion was
a special event in the musical calendar and prefixed by a music-free
Lent, which would have given performers additional time to rehearse,
so some commentators argue that these performances encompassed
not just Bach's existing choir, but past pupils coming back to
join them. We shall probably never know, as there is frustratingly
little detail about the early performances of these seminal works.
Our performance tradition for Bach's Passions
dates from the 19th century when Mendelssohn revived
the work. Since then it has been shoe-horned into the standard
oratorio line-up which developed in the 19th century,
with four soloists (plus Evangelist and Jesus), large choir and
orchestra. The same forces could, effectively, perform everything
from Messiah and the St. Matthew Passion to Beethoven's Ninth
Symphony, Elijah and the Verdi Requiem. The last twenty years
have seen this monolithic oratorio edifice being dismantled as
we come to understand the differences in performance practice
in the works … even Elijah is starting to gain its eight soloists.
The St. Matthew Passion is designed to be performed
by double forces, eight soloists, double choir and double orchestra.
For his final version of the work, Bach even split the continuo
into two, so that there were consistently two different performance
groups. This recording of the St. Matthew Passion is a very traditional
one. It uses a nineteenth century line-up with just four soloists
plus Evangelist and Jesus and though the choir is accompanied
by the Brandenburg Consort, playing on original instruments, the
recording has a very well upholstered sound. If Bach was prone
to fits of fantasy as he lay in bed at night after a taxing day
rehearsing and performing the work with inadequate forces, then
he may well have imagined this sort of well-upholstered performance
based, perhaps, on forces at court. It could be argued that this
type of performance is the fulfilment of this sort of supposition.
But we don't know, and it could just as well be that Bach would
have been horrified at the 'overblown' nature of the performance
compared to his lean Leipzig forces, but I doubt it. All we can
do is take the performance and judge it on its own merits.
The disc's primary advantage is the presence
of the choir of King's College, Cambridge. I love the sound that
this type of choir makes in this music, whether it is authentic
or not. (Bach's choir used teenage boy altos rather than counter-tenors).
They do sound glorious, from their opening moments in the very
first, great chorus. But as I listened to the performance more,
doubts began to creep in. It may be a fault of the recording process,
but I felt that the boys lack presence and I began to wish that
I were listening to a choir with a more continental sound. And
then there is the issue of diction. Performing and recording regularly
in an acoustic like King's cannot help, but the choir's German
diction leaves something to be desired. The soloists, particularly
Rogers Covey-Crump's wonderful high tenor Evangelist, have exemplary
diction which rather puts the choir in the shade. But when all
is said and done, King's still has that magical King's sound and
it is here in the service of one of Bach's greatest works.
John Eliot Gardiner has recorded the work for
Archiv with his mixed voice Monteverdi Choir and the English Baroque
Soloists with an array of fine soloists. Despite the differences
in type of choir it is a comparable recording to this one. Both
conductors even manage to come up with performances of a similar
duration, though their attitude to the different movements varies
and Gardiner is probably rather more interventionist. Also Gardiner
has far more separation between his two choirs, which makes the
double choruses far more effective.
On this recording, Michael George portrays Jesus
with a rather grainy voice and a significant amount of vibrato
which seemed entirely out of keeping with the performance. I found
his inability to deliver a true legato frankly disappointing,
but maybe he is simply on the wrong recording. Whereas Andreas
Schmidt, with Gardiner, is far more impressive and delivers the
role with a fine legato.
Emma Kirkby sings the soprano solos limpidly
and purely. Technically brilliant, I did think that she was sometimes
a little on the cool side but this is preferable to an over-blown
19th century manner. John Eliot Gardiner shares the
soprano solos between Ann Monoyios and Barbara Bonney and both
of them perform with style. Monoyios's "Blute nur, du liebe Herz"
is tenderly fragile but delivered with rather more vibrato than
Kirkby, and she fails to match Kirkby's bell-like clarity. In
"Aus Liebe will mein Heiland sterben", though Monoyios is beautiful,
she lacks Kirkby's clarity and no-one can match Kirkby's spine-tingling
first entry in this aria.
Michael Chance sings the alto solos with delicacy,
but his tone becomes a bit steely in the upper register, hinting
that the tessitura may not be ideal for him. John Eliot Gardiner
shares the alto solos between Anne Sofie von Otter and Michael
Chance, giving Chance "Erbarme dich". Comparing Chance's two performances
of this aria, Gardiner's speed is slower and somehow Chance seems
at his best for Gardiner, delivering the aria with a limpid purity
that is hard to match. For the remaining alto arias, von Otter
often sings them with a rather darker tone than Chance and she
does sound more comfortable with the tessitura, giving thoughtful,
shapely and moving performances. She has a fine sense of line
(something that Chance does not always achieve). But in "Können
Tränen meiner Wangen" it is Chance who, with a sense of shape
and style, gives the more affecting performance.
In the moving duet, "So ist mein Jesu nun gefangen",
Gardiner is much slower than Cleobury and the Monteverdi choir's
interruptions are far less violent those of King's. This slower
speed makes for a more moving performance, but Barbara Bonney
and Michael Chance find it difficult to sustain. Whereas, at Cleobury's
faster speed, Kirkby and Chance deliver an affectingly shaped
Tenor Martyn Hill is frankly disappointing. Singing
with a large bright voice and not a little vibrato, his passage
work is rather effortful and he seemed out of place on this recording.
For Gardiner, Howard Crook delivers the tenor arias matchlessly,
with an admirable feeling for line.
Bass David Thomas is a fine stylist but he does
not seem to be on the best of form on this recording. He makes
an impressively commanding bass soloist. But is a little too inclined
to bluster and smudge his passage work in the faster numbers.
Whereas for John Eliot Gardiner, Olaf Bär sings his solos
with a better feeling for legato and his soft-grained voice suits
the music perfectly. Bär shares the solos with Cornelius
Hauptman who sings rather emphatically in a manner not dissimilar
to David Thomas's
The smaller solos are taken by various unnamed
soloists, presumably from the King's Choir. Never less than adequate,
they do sometimes fail to completely convince.
Cleobury and Gardiner seem to show a differing
attitude to the chorales. Under Cleobury, King's sing the chorales
in a vigorous, four-square manner as if the congregation were
joining in (or we were going to join in at home) Whereas Gardiner
takes a more musical approach, treating the chorales as choral
contributions to be shaped. Both attitudes are valid and, like
much on these recordings, which you prefer depends on your personal
The Brandenburg Consort play with élan
and give the music just the right lift when necessary. They contribute
a fine array of soloists in the obbligato parts for the arias.
There are the occasional smudged patches in the texture that suggest
that there was not quite as much studio time as would be desirable.
This is a fine recording though ultimately I
do not think that it measures up to the achievement of Gardiner
and his forces. For many people, though, the King's forces and
Emma Kirkby, with Michael Chance doing all the alto solos, will
prove a willing combination. And at super budget price, you cannot
go far wrong. There is a complete libretto in German. | <urn:uuid:a96b90a5-708a-4eca-9f10-e8189ff0ec83> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2003/July03/Bach_MatthewPassion.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.943974 | 2,087 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Using information and communication technology to improve health in Asia
Health systems in countries across Asia struggle to provide access to health services, especially to vulnerable populations. Information and communication technologies like mobile phones are being used to address health challenges. This networked approach to health, or eHealth, can increase access to services and information. But can it fill critical gaps in health service provision?
IDRC supported the creation of PANACeA, a network of 16 researchers from 12 low- and middle-income countries. The network collaborated on eight multi-national research projects to find out how eHealth is perceived, adapted, and adopted in different settings. The network made it easier for experts across Asia to communicate, conduct research, and design studies through mentorship activities, online seminars, and workshops.
New solutions to improve health
Coordinated by the Aga Khan University with support from the University of Calgary, the network also generated a large body of evidence and offered new solutions to improve health outcomes. For example:
- Text messages were used to promote safe motherhood practices in Indonesia, Pakistan, and the Philippines, resulting in increased prenatal care visits and increased deliveries at health facilities
- Online tuberculosis diagnostic committees in Pakistan and the Philippines proved capable of making accurate diagnoses from a distance, potentially reducing diagnosis and treatment delays
- A Cost-Benefit Analysis Tool was developed in Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, and the Philippines, providing potential cost savings of nearly 50% in large hospitals through computerization of registration and laboratory reporting
Read "A systematic review of the use of telehealth in Asian countries" (2009), a paper that came out of the network and was published in the Journal of Telemedecine and Telecare.
Read IDRC-published book Telehealth in the Developing World, chapters 3, 17, and 27 for insight on telemedicine in the Philippines and Nepal and eHealth in international networks. | <urn:uuid:a4348033-abe3-4e28-b9eb-4451bd079c8a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.idrc.ca/es/node/10023 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.932032 | 387 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Kansas City’s oldest public cemetery, Union Cemetery, honored with addition to National Register of Historic Places
June 14, 2016
The Union Cemetery Historical Society (UCHS) is pleased to announce Union Cemetery, located at the north border of the Union Hill neighborhood, has achieved the distinction of being listed as a part of the National Register of Historic Places. The honor is decided by the U.S. Department of the Interior and was announced via the Director of the National Park Service on April 19, 2016.
The National Register of Historic Places lists the official historic places across the nation deemed to be worthy of preservation under the National Park Service. This national program, launched following the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, coordinates and supports public and private efforts to distinguish, assess and protect America’s historic and archeological resources. Union Cemetery was nominated to the listing under Criterion A, noting local significance in the area of Exploration and Settlement. Union Cemetery also qualifies for the honor under Criterion D as it acts as a final resting place for numerous leaders in Kansas City’s history.
The Union Hill neighborhood has recognized the cemetery’s historical significance by naming its residential apartments after notable leaders buried in the cemetery, including Michael Diveley, George Caleb Bingham, John Calvin McCoy, John Campbell, Jacob Ragan, Allan B.H. McGee, Dr. Johnston Lynkins, Martha “Mattie” Lynkins Bingham, Hattie Drisdom Kearney, James M. Hunter, Milton J. Payne, John Taylor, Patti Moore, Tillman Crabtree and M.C. Wood.
About Union Hill
Established in 1857, Union Hill is one of Kansas City’s oldest continuous neighborhoods with more than 1000 young professionals, established mobile mid-career and active empty nesters. Union Hill is a true urban neighborhood, spanning more than 16 city blocks nestled between Main Street on the west, Gillham Road on the east, the 31st Street corridor on the south and approximately 27th Street on the south. Overlooking Crown Center and the downtown skyline, the Union Hill district offers convenient living surrounded by green space, dining, arts, entertainment, fitness and some of Kansas City’s major employers. Bob Frye leads the overall development, preservation and advancement of Union Hill with a more than 30-year history of ownership and solid development that builds on 150 years of history with a long term vision and commitment to the neighborhood. Kansas City’s history is embraced throughout the district. For more information, visit www.unionhill.com or follow the latest at on www.facebook.com/unionhillkc, @UHILLKC on Twitter and Instagram or call 816-777-5900.
About Union Cemetery and Union Cemetery Historical Society
Union Cemetery Historical Society is a 501c3 organization founded in 1984 who’s mission is to restore, maintain, and preserve Union Cemetery, the oldest public cemetery in Kansas City, Missouri. Union Cemetery was founded in 1857 as a result of a dramatic increase in the populations of the towns of Kansas (now Kansas City) and Westport (now a midtown neighborhood). A cholera outbreak in 1849 lead to a crisis as city leaders searched for a suitable place to create a new cemetery, and decided on the land now known as Union Cemetery as it was located halfway between the two towns. Located south of Crown Center and east of the Liberty Memorial, Union Cemetery is the final resting place for many of the founders, developers and leaders in Kansas City’s history. Union Cemetery is currently made up of 27 acres of land at 227 E. 28th Terrace in Kansas City, Missouri, and is maintained by the Kansas City Board of Parks and Recreation and the Union Cemetery Historical Society. | <urn:uuid:e0478d63-d694-4ee4-8fd5-816097ba6a4a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://unionhill.com/kansas-citys-oldest-public-cemetery-union-cemetery-honored-addition-national-register-historic-places/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.946214 | 774 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Remarks by Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff on the State of Immigration and the No Match Rule [October 23, 2008] [open pdf - 97KB]
From the remarks of Michael Chertoff on the state of immigration and the no match rule on October 2008: "As you know, over the last year we have provided State of Immigration addresses to the American people highlighting our efforts to secure our border, enforce our national immigration laws, and improve temporary worker programs, and legal migration. This is the fourth address and it comes at the close of the fiscal year that ended on September 20, 2008. It gives us an opportunity, at this point, to step back and assess our progress over the last past year using a variety of different measurements and also to look back over five years since the department was created in 2003."
U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security: http://www.dhs.gov/ | <urn:uuid:96900ce7-d35d-4993-9b7e-c8dcdfc4539c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=233929 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.916282 | 243 | 1.5 | 2 |
This is a busy little bee doing his job and pollinating a Los Angeles Gilia, also know as Chaparral Gilia and Angel’s Gilia. It was growing along Santiago Canyon Road near Jamboree. According to my extensive research plus Google Translate, the Gilia family is named for Filippo Luigi Gilli, a Vatican astronomer and botanist who collected indigenous plants of North America and created a garden known as Orto Vaticano Indico at the foot of the Janiculum in Rome. He even wrote a book about it. Apparently there were a whole book’s worth of problems trying to get American plants to grow in Rome.
UPDATE: That’s no bee, it’s a hoverfly! Thanks, @Harry04945324. | <urn:uuid:a8d456bf-6de2-4fad-aadf-60bf33d830c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://practice.motherjones.com/kevin-drum/2019/06/lunchtime-photo-427/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.973252 | 166 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Kerala Sambar Powder is made with spices sourced from the local farmers in Kerala. Ingredients include ground coriander seeds, black gram (urad dal), chickpea (channa dal) red chili, curry leaves, and fenugreek seeds. Sambar is seen as a great match for dosa, or rice in many parts of India. It is also used simply as a vegetable stew. Sambar masala is authentic and home made, are freshly ground and packed in customised spices bags only. Pure spices from God's Own Country, Kerala for you to taste authentic homemade sambar.
Incredible Health Benefits
As much as it hits our tongue with its sour and spicy taste, sambar can also provide numerous health benefits. It is rich in vitamins and minerals and aids muscle growth. Known to be a natural laxative, sambar has detoxifying properties hence, it is great for the heart apart from being a delicious dinner menu.
Disclaimer: The benefits stated here are only suggestive and not medically proven. Please consult your doctor if you suspect a medical condition.
Did you know?
Sambar powder or sambar masala is a must-have spice powder in every household in Kerala and makes a popular side dish for rice. | <urn:uuid:4c7f6d73-936c-4b23-9f01-d412e9e69853> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.homeofspices.com/collections/powdered-spices/products/sambar-powder | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.93893 | 274 | 1.59375 | 2 |
|The first excerpt represents the element of Air. It speaks of mental influences and the process of thought, and is drawn from The Gift of the Magi by O. Henry:
and receive gifts, such as they are wisest. Everywhere they
are wisest. They are the magi.
End of this Project Gutenberg Etext of THE GIFT OF THE MAGI.
The Gift of the Magi
|The second excerpt represents the element of Fire. It speaks of emotional influences and base passions, and is drawn from Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe:
In the barroom he found assembled quite a miscellaneous company,
whom stress of weather had driven to harbor, and the place presented
the usual scenery of such reunions. Great, tall, raw-boned
Kentuckians, attired in hunting-shirts, and trailing their loose
joints over a vast extent of territory, with the easy lounge peculiar
to the race,--rifles stacked away in the corner, shot-pouches,
game-bags, hunting-dogs, and little negroes, all rolled together
in the corners,--were the characteristic features in the picture.
At each end of the fireplace sat a long-legged gentleman, with his
chair tipped back, his hat on his head, and the heels of his muddy
boots reposing sublimely on the mantel-piece,--a position, we will
Uncle Tom's Cabin | <urn:uuid:303c0634-5301-4c98-98bc-71e1ad52b078> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://facade.com/stichomancy/personal/?UID=0&Celeb=Kate_Moss&Style=print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.932737 | 315 | 2.125 | 2 |
- Buddhist Women in India and
Pre-Colonial Sri Lanka
- Lorna DeWaraja
- [This article was originally published in the Buddhist
Women Across Cultures edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo, Delhi, Sri Satguru Publications,
- How should the womens nature hinder us?
- Whose hearts are firmly set, who ever move
- With growing knowledge onward in the Path?
- What can that signify to one in whom
- Insight doth truly comprehend the Norm?
These words were uttered twenty-five
centuries ago by a Buddhist nun named Soma, when Mara, the "Evil One," Sneered
and jeered her while she was mediating: "How could you women with your
two-finger wisdom ever hope to attain a higher mental state which even the
sages find hard to reach?" There was a popular notion in India that, although women
cook rice daily throughout their lives, they can never learn how long it takes for the
rice to cook; they need to take some grains in a spoon and press them with two fingers to
test whether it is done. With her dignified retort to Maras abusive words, Soma
challenged the notion of womens inherent inferiority and their incapacity to attain
higher mental or spiritual states. Here we have an example of a woman who defied the
notion of sexual inequality 2,500 years before the, womens liberation movement
appeared in the West.
Sri Lanka attracted international
attention in 1960 when Sirimavo Bandaranaike, a woman, was elected the countrys
first woman prime minister. Sri Lankans, however, did not regard this as outrageous. It
was no revolutionary deviation from tradition for a woman to rise to a position of
importance and responsibility and no violation of social cultural norms for a woman to
step into the male-dominated world of politics.
Of course, it cannot be argued that in
Buddhist societies the position of women was equal to that of men, for the myth of male
superiority is universal. Nevertheless, it can be demonstrated that women in Buddhist
societies were relatively free from the extreme forms of discrimination and harassment
that were characteristic of other major Asian cultures. In the present work I will examine
the fundamental tenets of Buddhism to see whether there is a fundamental difference in
attitudes toward men and women. Then I will discuss how Buddhist ideology influenced the
position and status of women in India and Sri Lanka before the impact of the West was
Examining the position of women in
pre-Buddhist India on the basis of evidence in the earliest literature of the Indo-Aryans,
the .Rgveda, it is clear that women held an honorable place in early Indian society. Women
had access to the highest knowledge and could participate in all religious ceremonies.
There were also a few hymns composed by women. Later, when the priestly Brahmin caste
began to dominate society, it is apparent that religion lost its spontaneity and became a
complex system of rituals. At this point, a downward trend in the position of women began.
The most relentless of Brahmin law-givers
was Manu, considered the founder of social and moral order. From the outset, Manu deprived
women of their religious rights and access to the spiritual life. As with people born into
the lower castes, women were prohibited from reading the sacred texts, and could neither
worship nor perform sacrifices on their own. A woman could not attain heaven through any
merit of her own, but only through obedience to her husband. She was taught that a
husband, even one devoid of good qualities, should be worshipped incessantly as a god.
Despite this humiliating subordination of women in the religious domain, there was always
in India a parallel line of thought that glorified motherhood and idealized the concept of
the feminine. In actual practice, however, Manus Code of Laws adversely influenced
social attitudes toward women, especially in the higher rungs of society.
It is against this background that we must
view the emergence of Buddhism in northern India in the sixth century B.C.E. There are
records of long conversations the Buddha had with his female disciples. The devout
benefactress Visaakhaa frequented the monastery decked out in all her finery. Accompanied
by a maidservant, she attended to the needs of the celibate monks. The Buddha's liberal
attitude toward women has had a great impact on the behavior of both men and women in
Buddhist societies. This is not to suggest that the Buddha inaugurated a campaign for the
liberation of Indian womanhood, but he did create a minor stir by speaking out against
prevailing dogma and superstition. He condemned the caste structure dominated by Brahmins
and denounced excessive ritual and sacrifice. Denying the existence of a creator God, he
emphasized emancipation through individual effort.
The Buddhist doctrine of salvation through
an individuals own efforts presupposes the spiritual equality of all beings, male
and female. This assertion of womens spiritual equality, explicitly enunciated in
the texts has had a significant impact on social structures and how women are viewed in
the world. Women and men alike are able to attain the Buddhist goal by following the
prescribed path; no external assistance in the form of a priestly intermediary or
veneration of a husband is necessary. In domestic life in ancient India, religious
observances and sacrifices were performed jointly by husband and wife. In Buddhism,
however, all religious activities, whether meditation or worship, are acts of
self-discipline created by individuals, independent of one's partner or outside
In patriarchal societies, the desire for
male offspring for the continuation of the patrilineage is very strong. And in Indian
society, the importance attached to ritual led to an even stronger desire to beget sons,
for only a son could perform the funeral rites and thus ensure the future happiness of the
deceased. Indeed, a father was believed to achieve immortality through a son's
intercession. This custom was so widespread that a wife without sons could be legally
superseded by a second or even a third wife, or even be turned out of the house. By contrast, a Buddhist funeral ceremony is a very simple rite
that can be performed by the widow, the daughter, or anyone else. Future happiness does
not depend on funeral rites, but on an individual's actions while living
The birth of a daughter was a cause for
lamentation in society at that time, but the Buddha did not concur with this view. It is a
well known that when King Pasenadi of Kosala came grieving that his queen Mallika had
given birth to a daughter, the Buddha said: "A female offspring/ 0 king, may prove
even nobler than a male." Even today, the birth of
girl children may be mourned. A report prepared to mark South Asia's Year of the Girl
Child says that, although girls are born biologically stronger, three hundred thousand
more girls than boys die each year. Many are aborted after
sex detection tests. A study conducted in 1984 mentions that 7,999 of 8,000 aborted
fetuses tested at a Bombay clinic were female. Although it is rampant in India today, the
custom of female infanticide seems to have been extremely rare in Buddhist times.
In Buddhism, unlike in Christianity and
Hinduism, marriage is not a sacrament. It is a purely secular contract and Buddhist monks
do not participate in it. In Sri Lankan, Thai, and Burmese society, there is much ceremony
and merrymaking connected with weddings, but these are not of a religious nature.
Nevertheless, in the Sigaalovaada Sutta the Buddha gives advice of a very practical
nature to a young layman on how spouses should treat one another. The marital union is
approached in a spirit of warm fellowship and is not raised to an exalted spiritual level.
These instructions can be summarized as follows: Husbands should respect their wives and
comply as far as possible with their requests. They should not commit adultery. They
should give their wives full charge of the home and supply them with fine clothes and
jewelry, as far as their means permit. Wives should be thorough in their duties, gentle
and kind to the whole household, chaste, careful in housekeeping duties, and should carry
out their work with skill and enthusiasm.
The significant point is that the
Buddhas injunctions are applicable to both parties. The marital relationship is a
reciprocal one with mutual rights and obligations, which was a momentous departure from
ideas prevailing at his time. For instance, Manu says, "Offspring, the due
performance of religious rites, faithful service, highest conjugal happiness and heavenly
bliss for ones ancestors and oneself depend on ones wife alone." Similarly, Confucian codes detailed the duties of son to
father, wife to husband, and daughter-in-law to mother-in-law, but never vice versa. Wives had only duties and obligations, while husbands had only
rights and privileges. In the Buddhas injunctions, by contrast, domestic duties and
relationships were reciprocal, whether between husband and wife, parent and child, or
master and servant. Theoretically, therefore, a Buddhist marriage is a contract between
equals, even if social practice does not necessarily conform to the ideal.
European authors describing Buddhist
societies have commented favorably on the position of women. For instance, a British
visitor in the late eighteenth century says, "The Cingalese women are not merely the
slaves and mistresses but in many respects the companions and friends of their
.The Cingalese neither keep their women in confinement nor impose on them
any humiliating constraints." Commenting on the
situation in Burma in 1878, Lieutenant General Albert Fytche, wrote that "woman holds
among them a position of perfect freedom and independence. She is with them not a mere
slave of passion, but has equal rights and is the recognized and duly honored helpmate of
man, and in fact bears a more prominent share in the transactions of the more ordinary
affairs of life than is the case perhaps with any other people either eastern or
western." These and other references by European
writers to women in me Buddhist societies of Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma, Sikkim, Bhutan,
and Tibet make it clear that, long before the impact of Westernization was felt, women
held an honorable place within the institution of marriage.
Marriage and family are basic to all
societies and the position of women in a given society is reflected in the status she
holds within these institutions. Marriage contracts, in particular -
whether a woman has the same rights as her husband to dissolve the marriage bond and to
remarry - are primary indicators of womens rights. In many Asian cultures, a woman
is irrevocably bound by the chains of matrimony, whereas a man can dissolve the contract
with ease. In Sri Lankan Buddhist society, however, marriages receive no religious
sanction and Sinhala law provides for the dissolution of marriage contracts and the
remarriage of both partners. This is indicated as early as 1769 in a document presenting
the orthodox and official view on the subject at the time. The Dutch, who were ruling the
maritime provinces of Sri Lanka, wished to codify the laws and customs of the island. The
Dutch Governor Iman Willem Faick (1765-83) sent a questionnaire to the eminent Buddhist
monks in Kandy and recorded their answers in a document called the Lakraja lo sirita. According to this document, both husband and wife are allowed
to initiate action for dissolving a marriage contract by proving the improper conduct of a
spouse before a court of law. After divorce, both husband and wife were free to remarry
and the wife was treated very liberally. There are records of the remarriage of many
divorced women, among the royalty, nobility, and common folk. Robert Knox, a British
sailor who was shipwrecked and spent nineteen years in the Kandyan kingdom, from 1660 to
1679, left a fascinating account of the socioeconomic conditions of the time. With regard
to marriage customs, he writes, "But if they chance to mislike one another and part
then she is fit for another man, being as they account never the worse for
In ancient India a widow was expected to
lead a life of strict celibacy and severe austerity upon the demise of her husband, for
she was thought to be bound to him beyond death. Furthermore, she lost her social and
religious status and was considered a most unfortunate person. In Buddhism, by contrast,
death is considered a natural and inevitable end for all beings. As a result, a woman
suffers no moral degradation on account of widowhood, nor is her social status altered in
any way. In Sri Lankan society, a widow does not have to proclaim her widowhood in any
tangible way, such as relinquishing her ornaments, shaving her head, or practicing
self-mortification, Robert Knox observes, "These women are of a very strong
courageous spirit, taking nothing very much to heart, mourning more for fashion than
affection, never overwhelmed neither with grief or love. And when their husbands are dead,
all they care is where to get others, which they cannot long be without." The remarriage of widows was prevalent even in the
royal family, with no stigma attached. As one example, when Vimala Dharma Suriya I
(1594-1605) of Kandy died, his successor Senarat (1605-1635) married his widow.
In many societies, wives are regarded as
the personal property of their husbands. The custom of slaying, sacrificing, or burying a
woman alive with her deceased husbands other possessions, has been found in lands as
far removed as Africa, America, and India. The best known example is the sati
ritual, self-immolation of high-caste Hindu widows, a custom unknown in the .Rgveda.
Although the custom was never widespread, isolated instances continue in India even today,
and it is questionable whether all cases are voluntary. The sati ritual is unknown
in Sri Lanka or any other Buddhist society.
The social freedom enjoyed by women in
Buddhist societies has evoked comment from many Western observers. Although women were not
equal in status, a complete lack of segregation of the sexes has distinguished Buddhist
societies from those of the Middle East, the Far East, and the Indian subcontinent, where
segregation has often lead to the seclusion and confinement of women behind walls and
veils. In contradistinction to the Confucian code, which sets forth detailed rules on
etiquette between women and men, early Buddhist literature describes the free
intermingling of the sexes. Even celibate monks and nuns mingled freely with the rest of
The free social intercourse between men
and women in Sri Lanka in the seventeenth century surprised Robert Knox: "The men are
not jealous of their wives for the greatest ladies of the land will frequently talk and
discourse with any men they please although their husbands be in presence." In 1928,
Sir Charles Bell, British political representative in Tibet, Bhutan, and Sikkim, wrote
about Tibetan women: "They are not kept in seclusion as are Indian women. Accustomed
to mix with the other sex throughout their lives they are at ease with men and can hold
their own as well as any women in the world." He continues, "And the solid fact
remains that in Buddhist countries women hold a remarkably good position, Burma, Ceylon
and Tibet exhibit the same picture."
Sa"ngha, or Order of Buddhist Nuns
There are certain sections of the Paali
canon that are devoted entirely to nuns. For instance, the Theriigaaathaa, or Psalms of
the Sisters, consisting entirely of verses attributed to seventy-three women who
became spiritually realized theriis (nun elders), is unique in any literature.
There is also the Apadana, or biographies in verse of forty nuns who were the
Buddhas contemporaries. During the life of the Buddha, his aunt and foster mother,
Mahaapajaapatii, was the leader of a movement clamoring for the admission of women to the
Sa"ngha. When the Buddha showed reluctance to allow this, Mahaapajaapatii and
hundreds of other women shaved their heads, donned the yellow robe like the monks, walked
barefoot to the monastery where the Buddha lived, and rallied outside. This constitutes
the first time in recorded history that women marched in procession demanding equal
AAnanda, the Buddhas faithful
disciple, seeing these aristocratic women with swollen, bleeding feet, pleaded on their
behalf. He approached the Buddha, asking whether women were as capable as men in leading a
life of contemplation and attaining the goal of final emancipation, or nibbaana.
The Buddha's reply was affirmative. If so, AAnanda argued, then it is proper that women be
allowed to leave the house-hold life, join the Sa"ngha, and strive toward their
salvation. Though the Buddha finally consented to the admission of women to the order, it
was on rather humiliating terms. The price of admission was their unequivocal acceptance
of eight rules (a.t.tha garudhamma), all of which upheld the superiority of the
The first rule is that, even if she has
been ordained for a century, a bhikkhunii, or fully ordained nun, must rise up from
her seat, greet respectfully, and salute a monk who had been ordained even that very day.
The implications of these rules are perfectly compatible with the assumptions of other
religions, namely, that all men, by virtue of their maleness, are spiritually superior to
all women. However, it has been argued that these discriminatory rules were intended, in
the context of the sixth century B.C.E., to maintain womens status in society within
the Sa"ngha and protect them from becoming completely dislocated from traditional
mores and behavior, In all probability, the real reason for the Buddhas reluctance
to found an order of nuns was his desire to retain the approval of the laity. No religious
or political leader, however broad his vision, can succeed if he forges far ahead of the
masses, completely ignoring public opinion. Though not entirely without precedent (since
the first order of nuns had already been established by the Jainas, a sect founded by the
Buddhas contemporary, Mahaaviira), the presence of single, independent women
following religious careers of their own was still a very daring innovation.
Once the doors were flung open, however,
there was an immediate impact, for women of all strata of society flocked to the cloister,
where they could follow a culturally accepted lifestyle free from irksome masculine
dominance. From many verses in the Theriigaathaa, it is clear how much the nuns
relished their newly found independence, released from the shackles of patriarchal society
and relieved from unpleasant domestic drudgery. For instance. Sister Mutta exulted,
- "0 free indeed 0 gloriously free am I,
- Free from three crooked things:
- From quern, from mortar, from my crooked lord!
- Ay, but I am free from rebirth and death
- And all that dragged me back is hurled away."
The Order of Nuns in
The order of nuns begun by Mahaapajaapatii
was introduced to Sri Lanka soon after the introduction of Buddhism. According to the Sri
Lankan chronicle, the Mahaava.msa, the famous Emperor A"soka of India sent his
daughter, the nun Sanghamitta, to Sri Lanka in the third century B.C.E. At the express
request of the king of Sri Lanka Devanampiya Tissa (250-210 B.C.E.), whose kinswoman Anula
wished to enter the order together with many women of the palace, Sanghamitta founded the
As is clear from literary and
archaeological evidence, women were the most enthusiastic supporters of the new faith from
its very inception. The first to attain spiritual fulfillment were also women. A large
number of inscriptions dating from the third to the first century B.C.E., written in the
early Brahmi script, testify to the patronage extended by women to Buddhism during the
early stages of its spread in Sri Lanka. Paranavitana writing in 1970 and basing his
conclusion on evidence from the inscriptions he examined, says that the names of 91 male
lay devotees (upaasaka) and 105 female lay devotees (upaasikaa) have been
preserved. However, there are only ten bkikkhuniis or nuns among them, as opposed
to nearly three hundred bhikkhus, or monks.
Compared with an abundance of
architectural remains from the monks monasteries at ancient sites in Sri Lanka,
there are few remains that can be identified as nunneries. This evidence indicates that
nuns were not as numerous as monks. Nevertheless, it can be proven that there were
learned, active, and adventurous women among them. The Diipava.msa, written in the
forth century C.E., is the first redaction in Paali verse of the historical and
ecclesiastical literature found in different monasteries in Sri Lanka in slightly varying
recensions. While the author of the Mahaava.msa is known to be a monk named
Mahaanaama, the author of the Diipava,msa, which predates it, is unknown. Chapter
18 of the DipoiwriSfl highlights the activities of the theriis, or nun elders, who
were the spiritual descendants of Mahaapajaapatii.
It is clear from the Diipava.msa
account that soon after its inception the Bhikkhunii Sa"ngha spread throughout the
island. The order consisted of women of all ages and from all levels of society, and at
least those whose names are mentioned were well versed in the scriptures and imparted
their knowledge to others. There was a strong tradition of learning and teaching among the
nuns, and their forte was the study and exposition of the Vinaya, or rules of discipline.
In chapter 18 of the Diipava.msa,
in five places the nuns are described as learned in religious history. The numerous
references to theriis found in the Diipava.msa have led scholars to believe
that the work was written by nuns. The Mahaava.msa, which was written by a monk
over a century later, elaborates and expands on the information given in the Diipava.msa.
Other than the arrival of Sanghamitta, however, there is little information about nuns. It
is suspected that this may have been an attempt on the part of Mahaanaama to soft-pedal
the achievements of women.
The nineteenth-century antiquarian Hugh
Nevill draws attention to the "unique consequence given to nuns" in the Diipava.msa
and feels that it affords a clue as to the texts authorship. Malalasekere supports
the view that this chronicle was the work of the community of nuns and R. A. L. H.
Gunawardana concurs, based on the attitude adopted by the Diipava.msa toward the
past history of the Sa"ngha. If this is the case, Gunawardana concludes, "It
would appear that nuns not only excelled in their study of the Buddhist canon but were
also among the pioneers in historiography in the island." He adds, "The emphasis
laid in the chronicle on the intellectual accomplishments of nuns probably represents an
attempt to counter the tendency among some monks to underestimate their
Sri Lankan nuns seem to have emulated
their founder Sanghamitta when they led delegations to foreign lands to spread the faith
and establish the Bhikkhunii Sa"ngha. The Chinese work Pi-chiu-ni-chuan, or The
Biographies of Nuns, written in the sixth century, mentions that in the years 429 and
432 C.E. two groups of nuns arrived in China from Sinhala in a foreign merchant vessel
belonging to a person named Nandi. They were housed in a nunnery in the Sung capital,
learned the Chinese language, and ordained three hundred Chinese nuns. Although this event
was considered important enough to be mentioned in Chinese histories, the Sri Lankan
records are strangely silent about the achievements of these courageous women who braved a
hazardous voyage across the seas to spread the order of nuns.
Another renowned nun who ventured abroad
was the Sinhala nun Candramaali, a scholar of the Tantric sect. Un-honored and unsung in
her motherland, she undertook the rigorous journey across the Himalayas to Tibet in the
eleventh century. From the Tibetan and Mongolian versions of the Tripi.taka, we learn that
Candramaali translated Buddhist Tantric texts in collaboration with a Tibetan monk named
Ye Ses. It is likely that she is the author of a text that bears her name, the "Srii
Surveying the position of women in India
in pre-Vedic times, it is apparent that women enjoyed religious freedoms that became
curtailed under Brahmin dominance. Subsequently, with the spread of Buddhism, there is
evidence of a positive correlation between Buddhist tenets of spiritual equality and
social freedoms for women, as evident in marriage and funeral customs. Although a
preference for male offspring in Buddhist societies is evident, sons are not indispensable
at funerals and extreme forms of discrimination are not found. Women had equal rights in
religious practice and could practice the life of a renunciant as a member of the
Likewise in precolonial Sri Lanka, whether
as wives, workers, widows, spinsters, or nuns, women were respected members of society and
performed duties other than childbearing. They participated in the main economic
activitypaddy cultureand were preeminent in religious activities, a feature
that is still evident today. Nuns not only led lives of seclusion, but as evident in
various texts in the Paali canon, also made significant contributions as scholars. They
excelled as teaches of religious doctrine and religious history and, as missionaries,
undertook long voyages over land and sea to spread their faith. Despite the loss of the
Bhikkhunii Sa"ngha, this tradition of independence has continued for more than two
thousand years, allowing women to play important roles in religion and government. In
recent times, also, it has helped Sri Lankan women face the challenges of modernization
without a violent disjunction from cultural norms.
C. A. F. Rhys Davids, The Psalms of
the Sisters (London: Paali Text Society, 1980), p. 45.
Laws of Manu. trans. Georg
Buhler, Sacred Books of the East, vol. 25 (Oxford, 1866), IX.10.
Ibid., IX. 81.
Quoted by I.B. Homer in Women in
Early Buddhist Literature, wheel Publication no. 30 (Colombo, 1961), pp. 8-9.
Government of India, The Lesser
Child: The Girl in India, 1990.
Laws of Manu, IX.28.
The Sacred Books of China: The
Texts of Confucianism, trans. James Legge, Sacred Books of the East, vol. 28
(Oxford, 1879), p. 431.
L. D. Campbell, The Miscellaneous
Works of Hugh Boyd, with an Account of His Life and Writings (London, 1800), pp. 54-6.
In 1782, Boyd was sent as an envoy to the Kandyan court by the British governor at Madras.
Lt. General Albert Fytche, Burma
Past and Present, vol. 2 (London,1878).
Bishop Edmund Fieris, ed. and trans.,
Lakraja lo Sirita (Colombo; Ceylon Historic Manuscripts Commission, 1769), pp.
10-11. An English translation appears in an appendix to Anthony Bertolaccis A
View of the Agricultural, Commercial and Financial Interests of Sri Lanka (London,
Robert Knox, A Historical Relation
of Ceylon (Dehiwala: Tisara Frakasakaya, 1966), p. 149. | <urn:uuid:ba59e3c5-abd8-4f80-b987-cf8282de6de4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.buddhismtoday.com/english/sociology/029-WomeninIndia.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.952091 | 6,367 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Jennifer Closshey has advice for people dealing with lower back pain.
Four out of five people will experience lower back pain in their lives, according to the Mayo Clinic. Back pain is one of the top 10 reasons people visit the emergency room, hospital outpatient departments and their doctor’s office. Back issues are the most common cause of disability for persons under age 45, and lower back pain is often recurring.
Sacroiliac joint pain
Commonly called the SI joint, the body has two sacroiliac joints next to the bottom of the spine. Connecting the sacrum to the pelvis, these joints are intended to be small and strong. The SI joints act as a shock-absorbing structure, as the force of the upper body flows through the SI joints into the pelvis and legs.
The problem occurs when the SI joints have too much or too little movement. The resulting inflammation in the SI joints are accompanied by pain as the portion of the sciatic nerve that runs in front of the joint can become irritated.
How to get relief
Talk to your doctor or chiropractor. He or she may tell you to refrain from the activity that is the source of the inflammation. The pounding of jogging or walking on uneven terrain could be the cause. The doctor may prescribe pain medication and recommend physical therapy or exercise.
How exercise helps
When your back hurts, your natural inclination may be to lie down. But movement is good for your back.
Seek to strengthen the back, stomach and leg muscles, as they support the spine.
While exercise is good for the spine, not all exercise is helpful. Avoid standing toe touches, leg lifts and situps, as these movements add stress to the spine and its connective tissues.
Establish a regular exercise program and stick with it. Losing weight takes strain off the back. Swimming is an excellent activity, as the water supports the body. Yoga or pilates, which emphasize stretching and strength work well.
Jennifer E. Closshey, Ph.D., is a doctor of integrative health based out of Plant City. She teaches yoga classes at the Plant City Family YMCA on Thursdays. Contact her at email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:85762511-ae2d-4abf-aa87-f962dde96a9c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.plantcityobserver.com/focus-fitness-about-lower-back-pain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.955198 | 466 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Subsurface Temperature Variability in the Tropical Indian Ocean
The subsurface temperature variability in the Tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) is examined. Asymmetry in the evolution of positive and negative phases of subsurface mode (SSM) is reported. The asymmetry in the subsurface-surface interaction during the two phases of subsurface mode and its impact on the modulation of surface features of TIO are analysed. The representation of SSM in CFSv2 is also studied. Even though the nature of the north–south dipole in TIO subsurface temperature is successfully captured by CFSv2, a rapid decay of the mode is seen in the model. It is also found that the misrepresentation of subsurface variability in CFSv2 during December–February is closely associated with the rapid decay of El Niño forced TIO warming. | <urn:uuid:4d600c1e-e342-4d6f-8a36-d62b6fe13b2e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tropmet.res.in/scientist_detail.php?id=154 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.963109 | 177 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Surgical interventions for migraine are becoming more popular as the number of patients who successfully undergo the procedure increases. Medicine naturally evolves and becomes more effective as knowledge deepens through research and data gathering, but there is still some confusion around the question of undergoing surgery for migraines.
Migraine is a debilitating condition, with high costs to individuals in terms of poor quality of life and lost income through sick days. The cost to employers is high too, since they lose working hours when migraine-suffering employees cannot carry out their normal routine.
Affecting millions of people in the USA alone, migraine is such a widespread condition that new research for causes and cures is ongoing.
How Migraine Surgery was Discovered and Developed
Some twenty-odd years ago, triptans became available and are still prescribed today for migraine treatment. They work for some, but not all.
More recently, BOTOX injections have been found to bring migraine relief in some patients. As often happens in medicine, the migraine relieving properties of Botox only came to light when some patients reported a reduction in the frequency of their migraines following cosmetic Botox treatment.
Botox treatment typically consists of 31 small injections into various areas of the head and neck, and although it’s not totally clear why this helps with migraine, it’s thought that the Botox blocks or reduces nerve signals that cause migraine pain.
Forward-thinking surgeons began to wonder if a similar surgical procedure would give more long lasting results than Botox treatment, which typically requires repeat treatments every few months in order to stay effective.
Dr Elena Ocher, the executive director of NY Migraine Associates, teamed up with plastic surgeon Dr. Kaveh Alizadeh, and together they found a study produced by the Cleveland Clinic. The results of the study, conducted over five years, examined how effective surgery was in decompressing the nerves at migraine trigger sites. The vast majority (61 out of 69) of patients taking part in the study reported a positive outcome, with 90% claiming that five years later their migraine had either gone completely or were significantly reduced.
Does Anyone Qualify for migraine Surgery?
Unfortunately, not all migraine patients are suitable candidates for surgery. This is only to be expected given that there are so many different types of migraine, with many different triggers and differing levels of severity or frequency.
Patients considering nerve decompression surgery for migraines are put through a careful selection process to determine whether the procedure would benefit them.
- Crucially, migraine must have been properly diagnosed by a neurologist. Some patients are self-diagnosed, but not all severe headaches are migraines.
- Patients have normally shown no or little response to more traditional forms of treatment, or must have severe side-effect reactions to other medications.
- The patient will commonly have shown a good response to either local anesthetic injections or Botox treatments.
Side Effects and Recovery from Migraine Surgery
Surgery is usually performed on an outpatient basis, and may take as little as one or two hours depending on the number of trigger sites being treated. This is not brain surgery and no skull penetration occurs.
The incisions are small, and usually hidden in the hair line or upper eyelid. Recovery is generally complete after just a couple of weeks, and patients are able to resume normal daily activities after this time. Positive side effects are also possible following surgery, including a reduction in forehead wrinkles and firmer eyebrows.
Any negative side effects are minimal, but may include healing problems or more rarely, nerve injury. The greatest risk is that the treatment won’t reduce the frequency or severity of migraine headaches, although studies show success rates of higher than 70%.
Is Success Guaranteed?
Unfortunately, even in patients thought to be the perfect candidates for nerve decompression surgery, there is no total guarantee of success. The procedure is a treatment that is intended to minimize the impact of migraine on your general wellbeing and lifestyle. Total eradication of migraine is possible, but so is partial improvement or occasionally, no improvement.
How Do I Investigate Further?
As a first step, speak to your doctor and ask if you can investigate together how well you would do with migraine surgery. If imaging scans are suggested, ask that your surgeon reviews the results rather than relying on the reports returned by radiologists. CT scan findings in migraine patients are often seen as being within normal variants by radiologists, but those variants may be significant when looked at by a specialist with migraine experience.
Not all insurers cover migraine surgery, since some still view the procedure as experimental or controversial. Other companies do cover it, however, and if you’re considering a surgical option it’s worth talking to your doctor and reviewing your insurance. | <urn:uuid:7da3bf03-4d98-42a7-9f0c-f26a26a51ab1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.themigrainereliefcenter.com/should-anyone-get-migraine-surgery | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.958108 | 978 | 2.109375 | 2 |
The contents will be a newly constructed Element as Element is bound in transient scope.
The purpose of this is so that you can define multiple providers for a single service type and then pull them all back.
For example if I had an interface..
bool CanConvert(Type typeA, Type typeB);
object Convert(object a, object b);
I could bind..
Then in my code I can find all the register converters and find the one I want to use.
kernel.Get<Collection<IConverter>>().First(c => c.CanConvert(objectA.GetType(), typeof(String)));
In other use cases you might chose to use all of the returned services or go down them in order until you find one that works. It can be an extremely useful feature.
Hope that helps. | <urn:uuid:57df2092-2972-46aa-8f56-2b2150c4108c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://groups.google.com/g/ninject/c/KOyt4Tv1zUU/m/1jOiN3FuTVQJ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.772653 | 244 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Here’s the problem: Advice on writing is easy to come by, but who should you listen to for the most reliable advice? What do you do when the advice is contradictory?
—Should you listen to the bestselling authors and successful writers?
—Should you listen to writing instructors and English teachers?
—Should you listen to agents and publishers?
—What about all the bloggers and random opinions out there—people like me, for example? Are they reliable advice-givers?
When it comes to people critiquing your work, such as people in your writers’ group, do you listen to the person who seems more interested in your grammar and punctuation and whether you’ve used the same word twice in the same sentence or paragraph than a person who seems more interested in the story itself?
And what about the person who says that your werewolves must be affected by the full moon, or your vampires can’t have reflections in mirrors, or your dragons can’t have telepathic abilities, or you can’t call your novel a romance unless it has a happy ending, or you must use quotation marks to indicate dialogue, and all the other “you can’t do that” or “you have to do it such and such a way” nonsense.
A writer friend of mine insists that, “It’s YOUR story, and you can do whatever you want.” I agree, but with that statement goes the caveat that readers do expect certain things in certain circumstances and genres. If you flout the conventions, then you need to be aware of the potential risks of doing so in terms of your readers.
I love the quote I saw recently from bestselling author Dean Koontz talking about the use of dialogue tags in published books:
“Books full of inept dialogue tags get published all the time. Not all published writers are good writers.”
That last sentence is a fairly damning one. There are a lot of bestselling novels out there with mediocre writing in them. At the same time, proficient writing doesn’t guarantee a bestselling book. For most readers, the story must come first, followed closely by engaging characters—unless you’re a literary aficionado who is more interested in idea and theme than in story.
I can’t speak with any true authority that college MFA programs stress idea and theme over story, but given some of the submissions to Fabula Argentea that come from students and holders of MFA degrees in writing, I think I’m on somewhat safe ground with that remark. However, I will argue that the best writing combines both a strong story AND a powerful theme.
For sure I have some strong opinions on certain aspects of writing, such as like POV and dialogue tags (and I have a lot of bias against agents and traditional publishing).
BUT… I have good, well-researched reasons for everything I say writing-wise. I’m not a bestselling author, nor even a moderate-selling one. That doesn’t mean what I have to say carries less weight than that of the big-name authors or major publishers. In the latter case, always remember that publishers are out to make money and will publish what they think will sell. If crappy writing makes a lot of money for them, that’s their primary consideration. They won’t risk telling one of their bestselling authors that they must show, not tell, or must not headhop or use explanatory dialogue tags (with adverbs), etc. These writers are their cash cows, so they’re not about to alienate them.
I’ll repeat one of my favorite examples: John Grisham’s Skipping Christmas. At the time Grisham’s legal thrillers were selling very well, but when he wanted to publish something different, the publisher balked. Still, because he was one of their bestsellers, they humored him and did a moderate-sized print run of the book they figured would be at best just an okay seller. It topped the NYT’s bestseller list in 2001, required a second print run, continued to sell well years later, and was made into a movie with Tim Allen and Jamie Lee Curtis in 2004. So much for publishers’ opinions.
So, who do you listen to?
FIRST do your research regarding WHY that advice is being given. You can find ample support for every writing technique out there, the good and the bad. You need to consider the credentials of the advice-givers. Just because someone suggests it, doesn’t make it a good idea.
How do you decide who to listen to when the advice is contradictory? The first thing you want to look at is WHY you want to choose a particular side. The worst reason is that you simply agree with one viewpoint over the other. The best reason is that one way serves your story better than the other way. But the caution here is not that you think one way works better but whether it truly paints your writing in the best light.
Ultimately, it comes down to sales and reviews. If bad writing sells a lot of books for you, who am I to argue? I just won’t buy your books. But at some point, after you exhaust your less discerning readers, you’ll run into more discerning ones who will pass on your books. | <urn:uuid:3fb94d12-d9cd-4e20-9d64-88e474bc94a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://writewell.ricktaubold.com/2021/05/24/writing-advice-who-should-you-listen-to/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.955891 | 1,133 | 1.585938 | 2 |
The meeting convened by the President of ECOSOC H.E. Ms. Inga Rhondo King as part of the Orientation Course on the Economic and Social Council for members of the Council. The session was the first part of a series of discussions with members of the council on ‘Getting to Know ECOSOC in the SDG Era’. In her remarks, H.E. Ms. Inga said that the MDGs Era was a period of experimentation where we faced global challenges. She added that to strengthen the work of ECOSOC, three events will be held this year: The Annual youth forum, the High-Level Political Forum (HLFP) on Sustainable Development and the SDGs Fair.
Delegates from different member states in attendance discussed and asked questions on how to strengthen the ECOSOC system and its governance. The secretary of ECOSOC, Ms. Emer Herity highlighted the role of ECOSOC, and explained the structures and related platforms, its mandates and outcomes, and the working methods and procedures of ECOSOC system in the context of work program and agenda for the 2019 ECOSOC cycle. In another statement, Ms. Emer added that the council offers an inclusive space to exchange experiences, knowledge and ideas for a better result on how ECOSOC contributes in advancing the integrated implementation of the 2030 Agenda and related agendas. She ended her remarks by stating that the specific global functions of ECOSOC will bring value to, and effectively support, national level implementation of the 2030 Agenda.
In another remark, Ms. Leslie Wade Chief of International Indigenous Speaker Bureau/ Office of Intergovernmental support (IISB/OISC) discussed the implementation of the work of ECOSOC’s segments and Forums such as Financing for Development Forum (FFDF), Youth forum, Partnership forum, Development Cooperation Forum (DCF) and the Multi-stakeholder Forum on science, Technology and Innovation (STI forum)
Meeting: Informal meeting on “Getting to Know the Economic and Social Council System in the Sustainable Development Goals Era”
Date/Location: Wednesday 23th January 2019; Trusteeship Council Chamber, United Nations Headquarters, New York, New York
-The president of ECOSOC H.E. Ms. Inga Rhonda King
-Ms. Marion Barthelemy, Director, Office of intergovernmental support and Coordination for Sustainable Development, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (OISC/DESA)
-H.E. Marco A. Suazo, Head-of-office, UNITAR New York
-Ms, Emer Herity, Secretary of ECOSOC and the Second Committee
-Ms, Leslie Wade, Chief, IISB/OISC
-Mr. Huanyu Liu Policy Integration Unit, Financing for Sustainable Development Office (FSDO)
-Representative from the Division for the Sustainable Development Goals (DSDG)(TBC)
Written By: WIT Representative Kim Juyeon | <urn:uuid:5b3a7e39-4254-40fe-9a99-1b4d36e87c44> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://voices.worldinfo.org/tag/financing-for-development/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.892475 | 619 | 1.625 | 2 |
CHILLED and frozen beef exports from the four Mercosur beef exporting countries in South America dropped about 129,000 tonnes in 2015, totalling 1.75 million tonnes.
The reduction was most strongly influenced by lower beef production in Brazil, which was not offset by the other three Mercosur members – Uruguay, Argentina and Paraguay.
Uruguay suffered the least contraction in volume, despite its price falling 7.3pc to US$5461/t.
Brazil (-8.4pc in average price) and Paraguay (-11pc), were more dependent on the failed Russian market, while Argentina (-13.1pc) was affected by growing sales to China that reduced the significance of higher-priced shipments to the European Union.
While Argentine and Brazilian beef exports are expected to grow in 2016, that will be limited somewhat by production capacity, which may not expand much on 2015, World Beef Report summaries suggest.
Argentina may be a big mover, with the recent liberation of the country’s exchange rate, the elimination of export permits and the 15pc export tax contributing to greater export competitiveness. Last year due to government restrictions, Argentina’s domestic market absorbed more than 90pc of its beef production. But at the same time, it is expected that a strong cattle herd rebuilding process, at least during the next two years, will limit production and growth of exportable surpluses.
Brazil is also going through a cattle herd rebuilding process that has reduced cow slaughter and overall production, but much as in Argentina, exporters will be more competitive with the domestic market this year aided by the currency devaluation which started in the second half of 2015.
In Paraguay and Uruguay, the proportion of exports in total production is also expected to increase this year.
World beef Report suggests that in principle, a production increase of something more than 100,000 tonnes of beef is likely in Mercosur beef exports this year, pushing volumes up to around 1.9-1.95 million tonnes, shipped weight.
If that figure is realised, it will be the region’s biggest export volume so far this decade.
Last year Brazil’s exports contracted 12.1pc to 1.079 million tonnes at an average FOB price of US$4322/t (down -8.4pc on the year before), according to the Overseas Trade Agency (Secex).
The lower exported volume is directly related with a reduced beef production resulting from a rebuilding process of Brazilian herd.
The devaluation of the Real (R$) started to impact export sales from the second half of last year. From August, shipped volumes stopped falling in annual year-on-year comparisons.
In December Brazil exported 104,000t of beef at an average price of US$4162/t. The volume, though 4pc higher than in November, was still 4.4pc below December 2014.
Most meat packers shares show positive results
Meanwhile, share prices of the main Brazilian meatpacking companies improved in 2015, despite the 48pc devaluation in the R$ currency last year.
Minerva shares closed 2015 at R$13.30, 34pc up year-on-year. In late December Minerva announced it had sold 20pc of the business to a Saudi investment group.
JBS achieved an ‘pass’ performance report-card, with a 10pc improvement of its share price, while Marfrig shares improved 4pc. Worst performed was Brasil Foods (BRF), which suffered a 13pc fall in stock value during 2015. | <urn:uuid:dc07b444-d826-4c2e-9b5d-1972eccdd567> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.beefcentral.com/trade/competitor-watch-south-americas-beef-exports-down-129000t-in-2015/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.956965 | 740 | 2.171875 | 2 |
The International Monetary Fund updated its estimates on Tuesday, attributing a GDP growth for Spain of 5.9% in 2021, down from 7.2% in its October projection. This is a significant difference with respect to the Spanish government’s forecast for 9.8%, on which the Budget approved last December is based. In fact, the macroeconomic accounts presented in October by Pedro Sánchez pointed to projections of an inertial expansion of -11.2% on a yearly basis in 2020 and +7.2% for 2021 (+9.8% including the Recovery Plan).
Meanwhile, the IMF estimates Spanish GDP will contract by 11.1% in 2020, the largest decline amongst the major developed economies. For 2022, the organisation’s analysts’ estimate for the Spanish economy is now for growth of 4.7% versus 4.5% in the previous calculation.
At a global level, the International Monetary Fund now sees economic growth of 5.5% in 2021 versus 5.2% in its October estimates, while it will be at 4.2% in 2022. As for 2020, its forecast for worldwide economic growth rises to -3.5% from -4.4% (published in October).
In addition, the IMF’s chief economist, Gita Gopinath, called for greater fiscal support for the private sector in order to tackle the new confinements, joining Lagarde’s message a day earlier in Davos. The IMF foresees a stronger recovery in the second half of the year in a scenario of high uncertainty, with the risk of virus mutation and slower than expected vaccinations.
That said, the improvement for 2021 reflects the positive effects of the start of vaccinations in some countries and the additional fiscal support activated late last year in the US and Japan. Also the expected increase in social contact activities as the health crisis recedes.
On the other hand, the IMF pointed to the US as being responsible for the bullish revision in the world GDP forecast for 2021, since its growth was corrected upwards from 3.1% to 5.1%. This is without taking into account the effects of Joe Biden’s $1.9 trillion plan. In fact, such stimulus could lift US growth even higher; specifically, by 1.25% this year and by 5% in three years.
Higher growth is also expected in Japan (3.1% by 2021 vs. 2.3% previously) as it benefits from the positive effect of domestic stimulus. In contrast, the situation in Europe would be more negative: GDP growth is forecast to be lower for the UK (-1.4 p.p. to 4.5%) and for the EMU aggregate (-1 p.p. to 4.2%). In addition, both economies are expected to record a weak expansion rates for 2020 as a whole (-10% and -7.2%, respectively).
The IMF also estimates world trade volumes to grow by around 8% in 2021 and to increase by 6% in 2022. Furthermore, it sees services trade recovering more slowly than goods‘, confirming expectations that activities such as tourism will remain depressed until the pandemic is brought under control everywhere.
In closing its January outlook report, the IMF warned of a sharp increase in inequality, given that about 90 million people would fall into extreme poverty as the global economy would lose about $22 trillion (between 2020 and 2025 compared to pre-pandemic levels). | <urn:uuid:1bd9c00e-6359-452b-9887-1af18706e8af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thecorner.eu/news-spain/spain-economy/the-imf-cuts-spains-growth-forecast-for-2021-and-casts-doubt-on-the-governments-estimates/92591/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.959797 | 709 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Tamil Nadu Teachers Board (TRB) has issued an official notification for Tamil Nadu teachers’ eligibility test. Those who wish to apply for TNTET can apply before the deadline. Eligible candidates can submit their application form from 14 March 2022. TNTET Application Deadline has been extended to 26 April 2022.All the candidates who are eligible to write the examination have to read the official notification .This article gives information about the best books for TNTET preparation 2022.
|Exam Name||Tamil Nadu Teachers Eligibility Test|
|Conducting Body||Teachers Recruitment Board (TRB) Tamil Nadu|
|Exam Frequency||Once a year|
|Exam Duration||3 hours|
|Mode of Application||Online Application Form|
|Mode of Exam||Offline Mode|
|Total marks (Level-1)||150 marks|
|Total marks(Level-2)||150 marks|
|Negative Marking||No Negative marks|
Best Books for TNTET 2022
These are the best books recommended by the experts for TNTET 2022. This book helps to understand the basic concepts and also helps to score high marks in examinations.TN TET preparation books will help you start preparing for the examination and also helps to identify all the important topics in the syllabus.
|Psychology and Human Development Class (1-5)||Psychology Of Learning and Human Development||Prof.K.Nagarajan Prof.Srinivasan|
|High School English Grammar & Comprehension class (1-8)||English Grammar & Comprehension||Wren and Martin|
|Advanced Psychology Class 6-8||Advanced Educational Psychology||R.N.Sharma|
Topic Based Books For TNTET 2022
The examination consists of two sections. The candidates have to attend the two sections separately. Candidates should read the books listed below to better understand each topic covered. There are 2 papers in the TN TET exam. The textbooks are the same in some of the subjects. These books give proper knowledge about the subjects and it was recommended by the experts.
For Paper 1
|TNTET Paper 1 Subjects||TNTET Books for Paper 1|
|Child Development and Pedagogy
(group of 6 – 11 years)
|Language I (Tamil/Telugu/Malayalam/Kannada/Urdu)||
|Language II – English||
For Paper 2
|TNTET Paper 2 Subjects||TNTET Books for Paper 2|
|Child Development and Pedagogy- age group of 11-14 years (Compulsory)||
|Language II – English||
|Mathematics or Science
Any one of the two mentioned above
Preparation tips for TNTET 2022 Recruitment
- The students must follow the most recent resources to score more marks. You will get these resources from the internet and you can select the best out of it. The students should only focus on the TNTET 2022 syllabus.
- The TN TET Teacher exam is conducted online and students who are willing to appear for the exam should be familiar with the exam pattern. Therefore, students who wish to get a good grade in the exam should always follow a good mock test. Lot of mock tests are available on the internet.
- Before the exam, go through the syllabus to remember important topics, practice important questions, remember the test pattern,
- check cut off marks, and other important test guidelines to avoid any mistakes.
Entri is a learning platform built by well-known experts in the industry to help students analyze different types of entrance tests without having to worry about learning materials and crash courses. You can take our video analytics and video classes provided by experts to begin preparing for this banking exam and crack it easily.
We hope you find this article really informative and helpful and also please do not hesitate to contact us for any doubts. You can also download our Entri App for free and start preparing for any competitive exams. This app provides a series of quizzes, Mock tests, PDFs, past question papers, and much more. | <urn:uuid:fe93ff0f-5672-42b0-a19f-6497c8568db7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://entri.app/blog/best-books-to-prepare-for-tntet-exam/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.868757 | 978 | 1.914063 | 2 |
California law allows a business to incorporate and be recognized as its own legal entity. After incorporation, buying and selling property, assenting to contracts and exercising legal rights are considered acts of the business itself and not its owners. In California, the process of incorporation is begun by filing with the Secretary of State in accordance with certain guidelines.
Benefits of Incorporation in California
There are distinct benefits to incorporating a business. Most importantly, liabilities the business accrues may be satisfied only by assets that the owners have specifically invested in it. Without incorporation, the personal property of business owners is at stake should the company become unable to fulfill its debts. Furthermore, banks in the Garden Grove area prefer to evaluate the credit worthiness of a business as a whole rather than that of individual owners. This makes the process of acquiring corporate loans simpler. Finally, the ownership of a corporation is divided into an abundance of equal portions or "shares" of stock. Without this mechanism, transferring ownership of a business would be impractical.
Costs of Incorporation
Incorporation can be costly. First, a modest filing fee may be charged in California for any business that wants to incorporate. Also, a corporation is taxed as its own entity. The incomes of owners as individuals are also taxed of course, meaning that income to the corporation may be subject to double taxation. However, this disadvantage can be avoided with proper planning and help from a local Garden Grove lawyer. | <urn:uuid:17d78d3f-787a-4f41-93c4-e1dfdf8e3920> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://businessattorneys.legalmatch.com/CA/Garden-Grove/business-incorporation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.969329 | 295 | 1.828125 | 2 |
FREEDOM AND SAFETY
The idiom “never judge a book by its cover” warns against evaluating something purely by the way it looks. And yet book covers are designed to give readers an idea of the content, to make them want to pick up a book and read it. Good book covers are designed to be judged.
And humans are quite good at it. It’s relatively straightforward to pick out a cookery book or a biography or a travel guide just by looking at the cover.
And that raises an interesting question: can machines judge books by their covers, too?
Today we get an answer thanks to the work of Brian Kenji Iwana and Seiichi Uchida at Kyushu University in Japan. These guys have trained a deep neural network to study book covers and determine the category of book they come from.
Their method is straightforward. Iwana and Uchida downloaded 137,788 unique book covers from Amazon.com along with the genre of book. There are 20 possible genres but where a book was listed in more than one category, the researchers used just the first.
Next, the pair used 80 percent of the data set to train a neural network to recognize the genre by looking at the cover image. Their neural network has four layers, each with up to 512 neurons, which together learn to recognize the correlation between cover design and genre. The pair used a further 10 percent of the dataset to validate the model and then tested the neural network on the final 10 percent to see how well it categorizes covers it has never seen.
The results make for interesting reading. The algorithm listed the correct genre in its top 3 choices over 40 percent of the time and found the exact genre more than 20 percent of the time. That’s significantly better than chance. “This shows that classification of book cover designs is possible, although a very difficult task,” say Iwana and Uchida.
Some categories turn out to be easier to recognize than others. For example, travel books and books about computer and technology are relatively easy for the neural network to spot because book designers consistently use similar images and design for these genres.
The neural net also found that cookbooks were easy to recognize if they used pictures of food but were entirely ambiguous if they used a different design such as a picture of the chef.
Biographies and memoires were also problematic with the algorithm often selecting history as the category. Interestingly, for many of these books, history is the secondary genre listed on Amazon, suggesting that the algorithm wasn’t entirely bamboozled.
The algorithm also confused children’s books with comics and graphic novels as well as medical books and science books. Perhaps that’s also understandable given the similarities between these categories.
There is one shortcoming in this work. Iwana and Uchida have not compared the performance of their neural network against humans’ ability to recognize book genres by their covers. That would be an interesting experiment and one that would be relatively straightforward to do with an online crowdsourcing service such as Amazon’s Mechanical Turk.
Until that work is done, there is no way of knowing whether machines are any better at this task than humans. Although, no matter how good humans are at this task, it is surely only a matter of time before machines outperform them.
Nevertheless, this is interesting work that could help designers improve their skills when it comes to book covers. A more likely outcome, however, is that it could be used to train machines to design book covers without the need for human input. And that means book cover design is just another job that is set to be consigned to the history books. | <urn:uuid:8f720745-041e-4ae8-9478-e536644cf650> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://freedomandsafety.com/en/content/blog/deep-neural-network-learns-judge-books-their-covers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.968479 | 761 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Carroll Quigley was a legendary teacher at the Georgetown School of Foreign Service. His course on the history of civilization was extra-ordinary in its scope and on its impact on its students. One of his students was future president Bill Clinton. Clinton named Quigley as an important influence on his aspirations and political philosophy. He mentioned Quigley during his acceptance speech to the 1...
Download Link Mirror Link
Go ahead, make his day. Most have been dreaming of this since they began playing in the youth leagues. These buildings were used during the Civil War. Cole (ThD, Australian College of Theology) is the dean and professor of biblical and systematic theology at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School. Download book The Evolution Of Civilizations An Introduction To Historical Analysis Pdf Epub. As a Caucasian father with a Chinese wife and two adopted children from China; a daughter adopted in 1994 (who is now 21) and yes a son adopted in 1995 (who is now 19) we saw first hand the neglect in the Chinese adoption area years before Jenny and Half the Sky started changing hearts and minds. She is a close student of the Dalai Lama, with whom she has coauthored several books. Indeed as Maurice Casey writes: ‘In attributing all his christology to Jesus, John followed a practice which is… typical of the culture to which he belonged… (namely) attributing the community’s beliefs to the fountainhead of their traditions, Jesus himself’ – thus collapsing, like all good fiction, the cognitive distance between reader, writer and subject. As an FBI expert on fine art crimes, her knowledge of Mayan antiquities could be written on a postage stamp. The book was very revelent, informative, and percise in regards to my research project. ISBN-10 4871873498 Pdf. ISBN-13 978-4871873
5) The layout of patterns is unique, easy to follow, easy to read and easy to find exactly what is needed for each pattern6) The charting/reading of patterns is easy no matter your preference7) Most cases the designer dialogues their thought processes on the pattern they contributed. This does not, however, put him in the camp of conservatives like Gertrude Himmelfarb, John Vincent, David Harlan and Keith Windschuttle. "Based on a workshop at the University of Hong Kong in 2012, The United States Between China and Japan is a thick volume of nineteen chapters that provides a comprehensive overview of the importance of the United States for Sino-Japanese relations. Scant mention of BitLocker in this book, one of its major shortcomings. Mary Kay has such a tremendous talent of "transporting" one back to their roots.
- The Evolution of Civilizations An Introduction to Historical Analysis epub
- Download The Evolution of Civilizations An Introduction to Historical Analysis pdf
- The Evolution of Civilizations An Introduction to Historical Analysis txt
- 978-4871873499 epub
- Download 4871873498 epub
Read Art o alice maness returns ebook allhugumokie.wordpress.com Download Deadly trail matt jensen the last mountain man no 2 pdf at bailanzenspys.wordpress.com | <urn:uuid:a79f44ca-9da8-4ac2-a101-7c6a1ea7a1e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://nonballoting.duckdns.org/post/the-evolution-of-civilizations-an-introduction-to-historical-analysis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.943426 | 668 | 1.914063 | 2 |
- 1 What does VMC stand for in aviation multi-engine?
- 2 What is VMC and IMC in aviation?
- 3 Is VMC the same as VFR?
- 4 What is VMC and IMC?
- 5 What speed is VMC?
- 6 How is VMC calculated?
- 7 What are three causes of IMC?
- 8 Can VFR fly at night?
- 9 What does VMC stand for?
- 10 Can you fly VMC at night?
- 11 Can you fly VFR in VMC?
- 12 What is VFR condition?
- 13 What are IMC minimums?
- 14 What does VFR stand for?
- 15 How do I survive a VFR IMC?
What does VMC stand for in aviation multi-engine?
Vmc – Minimum Controllable Airspeed FAR 23.149- Vmc is the calibrated airspeed, at which, when the critical engine is suddenly made inoperative it is possible to: 1. Maintain control of the airplane with the engine still inoperative.
What is VMC and IMC in aviation?
VMC and IMC are aviation terms used to describe meteorological conditions during flight. VMC stands for visual meteorological conditions and IMC stands for instrument meteorological conditions.
Is VMC the same as VFR?
Visual flight rules ( VFR ) are just that, a set of rules adopted by the FAA to govern aircraft flight when the pilot has visual reference. On the other hand, visual meteorological conditions ( VMC ) are expressed in terms of visibility, distance from clouds, and ceiling meeting or exceeding the minimums specified by VFR.
What is VMC and IMC?
VMC stands for “visual meteorological conditions”, while IMC is “instrument meteorological conditions”. VMC and IMC should not be confused with VFR and IFR, which are related but have very different meanings for the pilot. During VMC, VFR flight is permitted.
What speed is VMC?
Familiar to pilots of multi-engine aircraft, Vmc is the speed below which aircraft control cannot be maintained if the critical engine fails under a specific set of circumstances (see 14 CFR part 23). It is marked as a red radial line on most airspeed indicators.
How is VMC calculated?
VMC is highest, therefore, when the critical engine propeller is windmilling at the low pitch, high rpm blade angle. VMC is determined with the critical engine propeller windmilling in the takeoff position, unless the engine is equipped with an autofeather system.
What are three causes of IMC?
- IMC conditions may also occur when warm, moist air over runs cold air trapped in valleys.
- Radiation fog favors clear skies, cold ground and light winds.
- Radiation fog typically dissipates after the sun rises.
- Advection fog is common whenever warm, moist air is carried over a cold surface.
Can VFR fly at night?
There’s no difference between flying in daylight and flying at night —except you can ‘t see anything. Even if you haven’t flown at night for year or more, you’re perfectly legal to blast off solo at midnight in a single-engine airplane under an overcast with three miles of drizzly visibility.
What does VMC stand for?
Visual meteorological conditions ( VMC ) are the meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling equal to or better than specified minima. ( ICAO Annex 2: Rules of the Air)
Can you fly VMC at night?
In many countries, however (including a lot of the big ones, such as the US, Canada, the UK, Australia, France, Germany, and New Zealand), VMC is still VMC even at night, and night VFR flight is perfectly legal (albeit with somewhat greater restrictions on who can fly VFR at night and the qualifications necessary
Can you fly VFR in VMC?
Therefore, when these conditions exist, VFR flight and pattern work will be allowed by ATC (terrain and traffic permitting). Take note that IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) aircraft can fly in IMC (Instrument Meteorological Conditions) or VMC, but VFR aircraft can only fly in VMC.
What is VFR condition?
The regulations define weather flight conditions for visual flight rules ( VFR ) and instrument flight rules (IFR) in terms of specific values for ceiling and visibility. VFR means a ceiling greater than 3,000 feet AGL and visibility greater than five miles. Marginal VFR (MVFR) is a sub- category of VFR.
What are IMC minimums?
Instrument meteorological conditions ( IMC ) is an aviation flight category that describes weather conditions that require pilots to fly primarily by reference to instruments, and therefore under instrument flight rules (IFR), rather than by outside visual references under visual flight rules (VFR).
What does VFR stand for?
Aircraft flying in the National Airspace System operate under two basic categories of flight: Visual Flight Rules ( VFR ) and Instrument Flight Rules (IFR).
How do I survive a VFR IMC?
In most cases, an inadvertent entry into IMC will be best resolved by a 180 degree turn to fly back into the VFR conditions behind. This manoeuvre needs to be planned before attempting to execute the turn. | <urn:uuid:58ffcc52-e661-41e1-8858-89686e9ed5b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cornerstonefbo.com/interesting-fact-about-aviation/quick-answer-what-is-vmc-aviation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.911897 | 1,165 | 2.8125 | 3 |
An analyst from Market Research Future (MRFR)’s team said: “The construction market in Indonesia plays an integral part in the financial progress of the country. The construction market in Indonesia is one of the rapidly developing markets in South-East Asia.
In 2015, the construction business accounted for 11.92% of Indonesia’s GDP. The construction sector has contributed significantly to the infrastructure development in the country and thereby to the tourism industry in the country over the past few years.”
Request a Sample Report @ https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample-request/investment-analysis-of-construction-industry-in-indonesia-2016-2021
The early diners are offered free customization- Up To 20%
According to the report, Indonesia is known as the second most productive and profitable construction market in Asia, where a huge number of construction projects are undergoing in both residential as well as non-residential sectors. The majority of the market is dominated by non-residential properties approximately around 56.67% in 2015 as compared to residential construction activities.
In Indonesia, the construction industry has been growing 8% to 9% annually, due to huge demand for residential properties and growth of the property sector in major cities around the country. The public works investment is a key point in the government’s plan to provide water resources, roads and human settlement infrastructure for the long-term development.
Access report details @ https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/investment-analysis-of-construction-industry-in-indonesia-2016-2021
Further, the report states that construction sector as a noteworthy contributor to the nation’s economy, and in addition a crucial part of Indonesia’s future improvement, the Indonesia construction industry today confronts some challenges such as increasing price of building materials, particularly imported ones along with transportation infrastructure a key restricting factor; however enhancing availability has, for some time, been perceived as a need by progressive governments and late moves look set to enhance conditions.
The study was conducted using an objective combination of primary and secondary information including inputs from key participants in the industry. The report contains a comprehensive market and vendor landscape in addition to a SWOT analysis of the construction industry. To Buy This Report Now @ https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/checkout?currency=one_user-USD&report_id=1011
Global Air Operated Double Diaphragm Pumps Market Research Report – Forecast to 2027
Global Air Operated Double Diaphragm Market Information by Sector Application (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetics, Mining, Marine, Water Treatment, Food and Beverage), by Valves (Flap, Ball and Plate) – Forecast to 2027 More about this report @ https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/global-air-operated-double-diaphragm-pumps-market-research-report-forecast-to-2027
About Market Research Future:
At Market Research Future (MRFR), we enable our customers to unravel the complexity of various industries through our Cooked Research Report (CRR), Half-Cooked Research Reports (HCRR), Raw Research Reports (3R), Continuous-Feed Research (CFR), and Market Research & Consulting Services.
MRFR team have supreme objective to provide the optimum quality market research and intelligence services to our clients. Our market research studies by products, services, technologies, applications, end users, and market players for global, regional, and country level market segments, enable our clients to see more, know more, and do more, which help to answer all their most important questions.
In order to stay updated with technology and work process of the industry, MRFR often plans & conducts meet with the industry experts and industrial visits for its research analyst members.
Market Research Future
Office No. 528, Amanora Chambers
Magarpatta Road, Hadapsar,
Pune – 411028
+1 (339) 368 6938 | <urn:uuid:09b28970-1752-4dcc-bf5f-5f4d2a197ef6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bdcmagazine.com/2017/04/indonesia-construction-industry-segmentations-trends-report-2016-2021/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.916843 | 869 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Volume 25, Number 6—June 2019
Mass Die-Off of Saiga Antelopes, Kazakhstan, 2015
Page created: May 20, 2019
Page updated: May 20, 2019
Page reviewed: May 20, 2019
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by any of the groups named above. | <urn:uuid:4947d84c-aaa8-402f-aa1b-9d76293ecec6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/25/6/18-0990-f1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.906721 | 128 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Sunday, December 4th, 2016
Advent: Week 1
Questions for this week:
Zechariah (the Lord remembers) serves as an embodiment of the Lord’s faithfulness to His covenant promises. After his priestly encounter with Gabriel, he was commanded to name his future son John. After his wife, Elizabeth conceived, they took the child to be circumcised and were asked what the child’s name would be. The community wanted the child to be named after Zechariah, but both Zechariah and Elizabeth submitted in obedience to the command from Gabriel and named the child John.
Has there been a time in your walk when the Lord made it evident to you that you needed to obey his precepts despite the direction the culture pulled you in?
How do you think Elizabeth and Zechariah felt under the pressure from the community?
How did you feel under the outside pressure from the community?
Is there anything in your life right now that you feel torn between obeying God and conforming to the direction of the community?
How can your missional community encourage and support you this week to submit to God in these areas instead of the world?
- John the Baptist had a call and a ministry laid before him very early in his life, to go before the Lord and prepare his way, giving the knowledge of salvation to his people (Luke 1:76, 77). Even with his call, however, a time of preparation was necessary (Luke 1:80). As a believer, have you come to understand your own personal calling and/or mission, and what are you doing to prepare yourself for that, or how are you living it out? | <urn:uuid:13c70368-7dd7-42a1-a55e-93f98d442b1b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theparksa.org/2016/12/03/advent-week-1-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.984025 | 357 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Commentary - Journal of Clinical Respiratory Medicine (2021) Volume 5, Issue 4
Risk factors and preoperative measures of the pulmonary aspiration and the chemical pneumonitis
Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
- Corresponding Author:
- Bond Kimmons
Department of Pulmonary, Medicine University of Minnesota, Minneapolis,Minnesota
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted date: 03 September, 2021
Citation: Bond Kimmons. Risk factors and preoperative measures of the pulmonary aspiration and the chemical pneumonitis. J Clin Resp Med 2021;5(4):1.
About the Study
The entry of material from the oropharynx or gastrointestinal tract, such as pharyngeal secretions, food or drink, or stomach contents, into the larynx (voice box) and lower respiratory tract, , is known as pulmonary aspiration. The substance can be inhaled or introduced into the tracheobronchial tree using positive pressure ventilation. The aspirated material is commonly referred to as "going down the wrong pipe" when pulmonary aspiration occurs while consuming food.
Pulmonary aspiration can result everything from no harm to chemical pneumonitis or pneumonia, as well as death from asphyxiation within minutes. The volume, chemical composition, particle size, and presence of infectious agents in the aspirated material, as well as the person's underlying health status, all impact these effects.
Aspiration of small amounts of materials is typical in healthy people and rarely causes sickness or injury. Because of characteristics such as low conscious state and impaired airway defences, people with significant underlying disease or injury, especially hospitalized patients, are more likely to suffer respiratory problems.
In healthy individuals, aspiration of small amounts of materials is common and rarely causes illness or injury. People with considerable underlying sickness or injury, especially hospitalised patients, are more prone to have respiratory issues after pulmonary aspiration due to characteristics such as poor awareness and reduced airway defences (gag reflex and respiratory tract antimicrobial defence system).
Aspirated material is more likely to end up in the right main bronchus or one of its subsequent bifurcations since its lumen is more vertical and slightly wider than the left. In 2013, there were approximately 3.6 million cases of pulmonary aspiration or foreign body in the airway. A variety of defensive reactions, such as coughing and swallowing, generally protect the lungs from aspiration. Only if the protecting reflexes are absent or severely weakened may significant aspiration occurs (in neurological disease, coma and drug overdose, sedation or general anaesthesia). Sitting patients up in intensive care lowers their risk of lung aspiration and ventilator-associated pneumonia.
The easiest way to prevent aspiration varies depending on the situation and the patient. Tracheal intubation by a skilled health professional is the best protection for people who are at risk of aspiration. Laying the patient on their side in the recovery position (as taught in first aid and CPR courses) allows any vomitus produced by the patient to flow out.
To neutralise the stomach's low pH, some anaesthesiologists employ sodium citrate, followed by metoclopramide or domperidone (pro-kinetic drugs) to empty the stomach. Emetics are sometimes used in veterinary settings to empty the stomach before anaesthesia. Due to an increase in the number of patients who fail to follow fasting guidelines before surgery, some hospitals are now regularly providing emetics prior to anaesthesia. In newer operating rooms, separate vomitoria are frequently provided for this purpose.
On an instrumental swallowing assessment, those with chronic neurological problems, such as those who had a stroke, are less likely to aspirate thickened fluids. However, this does not always imply a lower risk of pneumonia when eating and drinking in real life. Also, with excessively thickened fluids, pharyngeal residue is more prevalent; this can be aspirated and contribute to a more serious pneumonia.
The location of abscesses caused by aspiration is influenced by one's position. Whether you're sitting or standing, the aspirate will end up in the right lower lobe's posterior basal segment. It flows to the superior segment of the right lower lobe when lying flat. It goes to the gradle if one is lying on their bottom left. | <urn:uuid:dc084677-ae22-4cbc-a120-48830e050911> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.alliedacademies.org/articles/risk-factors-and-preoperative-measures-of-the-pulmonary-aspiration-and-thechemical-pneumonitis-18125.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.923946 | 893 | 2.265625 | 2 |
What Do Committees of an Organization Do?
A committee is a group of people who take on the responsibility of managing a specific topic for an organization that is too complicated to be handled by the larger group to which they belong. Some committees are formed to solve short-term problems or issues, while standing committees meet on an ongoing basis to manage a recurring or regular issue. When committees are efficient, they effectively reach consensus and solve problems. When inefficient, they waste time and energy and fall short of their goals.
Types of Committees
Short-term, or ad hoc, committees are created to deal with a specific issue and are disbanded after the task is completed. Topics might include elections, programs and events, nominations or fundraising. Standing committees discuss such issues as finance, personnel, public relations or program evaluation. Advisory committees are standing committees formed to provide direction in a specific area.
The importance of committees in an organization depends on the importance of the topic at hand. For complex topics, the committee might form smaller groups – called sub-committees, task forces or working groups – to concentrate on one area and report back to the executive committee or board. An updated list of committees in an organization should be maintained to keep track of progress and responsibility.
Leadership in Committees
Committees have a designated leader or chairman who manages meetings and follows established protocol to make sure objectives are met, according to Free Management Library. The chair also represents the committee and reports results to the board or individuals to whom they are accountable. Standing committees often appoint a co-chair to step in when the chair is unavailable, a secretary to handle administrative duties such as agendas, minutes and logistics and sometimes a treasurer to manage finances. Because of the short-term nature of ad hoc committees, they may not assign other roles aside from the chair.
Committees meet on a regular basis, the frequency depending on the urgency of the issue. An ad hoc committee might come together weekly or biweekly to meet a deadline. Standing committees usually meet every one, two or three months. Some committees may be disbanded during summer or vacation breaks or until another issue arises that requires committee action. Effective committees include members who stick to an established protocol, including arriving on time, not holding side discussions, staying on the agenda and participating in discussions.
Effective committees issue an agenda for every meeting. The agenda should include meeting logistics, unfinished business from the previous meeting and new topics for discussion. It notes the allotted time for each topic, speakers and required materials or information to bring to the meeting. The secretary or note taker records minutes and shares them with the committee following the meeting. Formal committees may require a vote on issues for the permanent record, as defined in the committee charter created when the group was formed, according to Lucid Meetings.
A Typical Meeting
Effective committees distribute an agenda several weeks before the meeting. The chair arrives early to set up the room and equipment and then connects anyone joining by phone or web conference. The chair calls the meeting to order, reviews the agenda and reminds members of the established protocol. The meeting proceeds with presentations and discussion. At the end of the meeting, the chair reviews decisions made, any action items – including deadlines and those responsible – as well as logistics and agenda for the next meeting. | <urn:uuid:52b88fe4-74c7-484e-a7fe-e60e76cdeaae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://smallbusiness.chron.com/committees-organization-do-50333.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.947155 | 673 | 3.515625 | 4 |
We thought we were efficient at the turn of the 20th century.
That’s when Henry Ford unleashed the assembly line, taking the time needed to produce one of his company’s autos from nearly 12 hours to just two and half.
And we haven’t stopped obsessing about efficiency ever since.
What Henry Ford was doing back in 1913 included some of the most cutting-edge technology of its time. It was new and fresh, but it was only the first step in an ongoing evolution. In every era, we’ve always thought we were on the cusp of something revolutionary, only to realize later that we were just beginning.
In the new economy, one where technology has upended just about every industry, efficiency has given us more time to do more things with less.
But construction is different.
According to McKinsey & Company, while productivity has soared in nearly every other industry in recent years, similar improvements in construction at large have moved at what the firm calls a “glacial pace.” Managing construction projects is still an extremely complicated and manual task, with big projects taking years to see through to completion. While there has been some modest investment in software and digital tools for the industry in recent years, digital transformation has yet to give it the same kind of boost seen so far in retail, media and other fields.
That’s good news, however. This represents an immense opportunity.
Using technology to get efficiency right in construction represents an opportunity to boost the overall value of the industry by an estimated $1.6 trillion, saving not only capital currently being spent on wasteful processes but also freeing up man hours to focus on higher-need projects. To do it right, technology needs to be strategically integrated into construction projects – and it has to go beyond software.
In short: To move the industry forward, there must be more on-site digital integration.
An underutilized option is to consider adding a piece of technology that is deceptively simple in theory yet could prove critical in practice to boosting construction productive and safety, as well as improving efficiency in ways you might be overlooking: worksite cameras.
Cameras that are custom-designed to solve problems facing construction project managers in today’s economy might be the answer to some of your most common woes. Here’s how.
Manage multiple worksites simultaneously
According to the National Association of Home Builders, nearly 82 percent of its members consider the availability and cost of skilled labor to be their number one problem as of 2018.
This makes site efficiency even more critical for busy project managers, who are likely juggling multiple projects at any given time in order to make up for this shortfall.
Being able to access construction site cameras from any device at any time frees up project managers from having to visit worksites as often and enables them to monitor multiples sites from anywhere that they have an internet connection.
This could reduce travel expenses and save project managers oodles of time, so they can focus on more important tasks like job progress and budget management rather than squeezing in multiple site visits.
Catch potential problems early on
The last thing you want on a construction project is to finish a task, only to have to go back and tear it down and do it again. Blowing up your budget to do rework is every project manager’s nightmare, but onsite cameras can help you to avoid this problem in the first place.
Time-lapse videos from construction cameras can give you a robust picture of job progress and help you spot potential problems early on, before they start blowing up the budget.
You’ll easily be able to tell whether progress is on schedule, where potential errors are happening, and what might need to be changed, all without ever needing to conduct an actual site visit.
Typically a project will get derailed by a number of minor issues rather than one large problem. Carefully analyzing daily progress reports, keeping an eye on the budget and schedule, and managing risks requires a high level of attention to detail.
That’s a lot of work for an industry suffering a labor shortage. Cameras can alleviate much of this, giving progress reports imagery to back them up and providing an additional tool for risk management.
If what you’re seeing on the screen and in progress reports isn’t matching up, you’ve already set into motion a time and money-saving process that could have otherwise derailed the entire project.
Give safety a boost
Efficiency doesn’t just apply to managing budgets and processes. Safety is also a critical part of every construction project, and no amount of digitization will ever change that.
But new technologies can make jobsite safety a much more cost-effective and less risky part of the business.
According to the U.S. Department of Labor, it’s estimated that employers pay as much as $1 billion per week for direct workers’ compensation costs. The construction industry accounts for more than 20 percent of all workplace fatalities in the U.S., with falls, object strikes, electrocution and being caught in between objects leading to the majority of these incidents. It’s a dangerous business, that’s all there is to it.
Anyone who has spent much time working in construction probably knows that falls are one of the most common and costly safety incidents on any site. Cameras can help to spot potential safety issues, especially where regulations or guidelines regarding falls aren’t being followed, before an incident occurs.
With 24-hour surveillance and footage stored in a cloud-bases system, management will also be able to combat fraudulent compensation claims by reviewing the proverbial tape after the fact.
The mere presence of cameras may also ensure that workers and jobsite managers better follow safety guidelines and give your managers a chance to fix potential safety issues before someone else (ahem, OSHA) spots them and slaps with a fine.
Secure the site
Site security is another issue that will never go away in construction.
Whether it’s keeping an eye on materials overnight or ensuring only approved personnel are entering the site, the right construction cameras are a no-brainer for these types of functions and have proven highly effective.
Just last year, authorities broke up a crime ring that had stolen millions of dollars’ worth of construction materials from jobsites over a 10-year period. The cameras that can be installed in construction sites today may have helped to prevent this sort of crime before it became so costly for the owner.
Selecting the right construction cameras
That said, construction technology shouldn’t be adopted just for the sake of doing it.
Ycatch-all select construction cameras that will fit your specific needs. There is no catch all solution that will solve every problem on the jobsite. Every manager, project and worksite are unique with unique needs and processes that will need to be addressed. Keep these differences in mind when choosing cameras for your sites, with a focus on flexibility and customization.
Purchasing the right camera system for construction purposes requires an upfront investment, but it’s technology that won’t call for much in the way of ongoing maintenance — unlike nearly everything else on the jobsite.
Once cameras are installed, you can begin taking advantage of improved efficiency right away and throughout the completion of a project, no matter how long that project is estimated to take, as long as you’ve chosen the right camera system.
For starters, you don’t want to keep spending money to keep the cameras running or updated. When you invest in construction cameras, you should look for energy efficient options, like solar powered options that you’ll never have to worry about burning cash just to charge up every day.
To be truly efficient, project managers should be able to access the cameras anytime, from anywhere, in order to keep track of what’s happening. Whether you’re on site and need to check up on a safety incident from the night before using a wired connection, or in the middle of travel and need to perform a real-time check on the worksite on your smartphone, being efficient in today’s construction economy means being able to access your site cameras on your schedule, not someone else’s.
Done right, construction cameras can provide a major boost to the efficiency of your construction business in myriad ways. | <urn:uuid:b5dee30c-5d8e-47b8-b5a8-f577892921e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.senserasystems.com/how-construction-cameras-can-improve-project-efficiency/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947475 | 1,729 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Vietnam has surprises for even the most seasoned world traveler.
For those who have already “done” China and Thailand, this intriguing, beguiling and off-the-beaten-track destination offers an Asian traveling experience that transports Americans into a culture that differs starkly from our own. And for those who would be new to Asia, Vietnam welcomes visitors eagerly and warmly, yet provides a touch of the exotic and seductive. (See a photo gallery below this story.)
The nation, emerging from a reputation as a war zone for much of the 20th century, made the New York Times’ list of top places to visit in both 2014 and 2015. It is developing a substantial tourist infrastructure but has yet to become so popular that it is overrun with tourists. Visitors get the sense they are slipping into everyday life in Vietnam.
Tour buses are visible, and tour guides lead their groups around so they remain close together “like sticky rice,” but the museums, temples, pagodas, palaces and natural sites are not packed with sightseers, as one finds in other popular Asian destinations.
Travelers are able to wander streets and markets or move around by cyclos (bicycle carriages) and see people going through the routine activities of daily life. Westerners are visiting in greater numbers every year, but Vietnam is still an emerging destination for many, and this is good news for the traveler who chooses to visit now before the country becomes too popular.
My travel companion and I visited Vietnam in May with an escorted tour group. It was one of the most enjoyable trips we have had. We experienced all three of the country’s regions, from bustling, modern Ho Chi Minh City (everybody still calls it Saigon) in the south to the imperial city of Hue and quaint town of Hoi An in the central area to intoxicating Ha Long Bay and the enchanting capital of Hanoi in the north.
We chose Vietnam for three reasons:
■ It has an intriguing history. My travel companion and I are baby boomers and history buffs. We were aware of the long struggle the country endured to shake off the yoke of French colonialism, the devastating and fruitless American efforts to stop communism and the eventual unification under Ho Chin Minh. Although Vietnam is one of only a few remaining Communist countries in the world, it rejected a command economic system in 1986 and embarked instead on a market-driven reform system that improved the quality of life by reducing poverty through land reform and establishing education and health services.
The imperial palaces and ancient temples and pagodas top the list of sights not to be missed, but locations marking the wars with the French and Americans, such as Dien Bien Phu, the site of the Vietnamese victory over the French in 1954, and the Cu Chi Tunnels, home to 16,000 resistance fighters during the war with America, are must-see attractions as well.
■ It has breathtaking landscapes. We traversed the nation from south near the Mekong Delta, with its rice fields that produce half of the nation’s rice, to the sparkling, emerald-green Halong Bay. The spectacular bay is dotted with 3,000 forest-covered limestone towers. A day or overnight cruise on the bay in traditional-styled boats is a must. When one thinks of Vietnam, it is often this picturesque bay that comes to mind.
■ It has extraordinary cuisine. Our American palates have been treated to Vietnamese cooking since 1975, when millions of refugees resettled in the United States. Many travelers come to Vietnam with the goal of sampling as many Vietnamese delicacies as possible. Restaurants, bistros, rice-and-noodle shops and street stalls are everywhere. Guidebooks offer well-considered suggestions. The cuisine is a fusion of Vietnamese, Chinese and French cooking.Ingredients are fresh and cooking techniques are simple. The presentation is subtle and the flavors are memorable. Pho, spring rolls, banh xeo (a crispy crepe) and bun cha (skewered pork with noodles) are Vietnamese specialties.
In addition to these reasons, a trip to Vietnam provides excellent value for the travel dollar. We booked with a travel company we have used before, Gate 1 Travel (gate1travel.com), which we have found to be reliable and of high quality. Our cost per person for Gate 1’s Classic Vietnam package, including airfare from Los Angeles, was $2,721 for 12 days. Our price included intra-country airfare; breakfast each day; four-star hotels in Ho Chi Minh City, Hoi An, Halong Bay and Hanoi; all sightseeing tours; three lunches; and two dinners. Other tour companies offer similar values.
For travelers seeking a unique and memorable experience that whisks them away to an exotic and enchanting locale, Vietnam should be at the top of their places to visit. It is a country that tantalizes the senses and remains in the heart and mind.
Dennis Stouse, chair of the Department of Communication at Jacksonville University and a writer and photographer, writes an occasional travel column for The Florida Times-Union’s Prime Time section. Contact him at firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:87b1d36a-032a-4ae3-b1f1-bd1cc7b6d577> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wavemagazineonline.com/well-traveled-vietnam-offers-enchanting-uncrowded-asian-travel-experience/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.946273 | 1,087 | 1.8125 | 2 |
French car manufacturer Groupe PSA is seeking to acquire GM’s European subsidiary Opel, which includes UK automaker Vauxhall. However, political leaders in both Germany and the UK are concerned that the acquisition will produce domestic job losses.
In the past decade, Opel sales have fallen considerably. Since 2001, Opel’s associated brands have accrued €80bn in financial losses, according to the Financial Times. Opel’s decline has presented Groupe PSA – Europe’s second largest car producer in terms of sales – with an opportunity to further expand its regional operations.
Carlos Tavares, the chairman of Groupe PSA, has earned a ‘cost-cutter’ reputation within the auto industry, causing many to speculate that he will cut manufacturing jobs in peripheral markets such as Luton in the UK or Eisenach in Germany.
Most notably, UK prime minister Theresa May has demonstrated concern over the fate of existing Vauxhall manufacturing plants in the UK. Ms May is set to meet with Mr Tavares at the end of February to discuss the merger’s ramifications for the UK. Ms May’s involvement in the deal represents a growing trend of protectionism within the UK as well as her determination to attract post-Brexit foreign investment.
“The UK today [has been] cast in the role of acting as a protective hen for a depleted range of subsidiaries and publicly-traded entities,” said Peter Clark, a senior teaching fellow at University College London’s School of Management.
Likewise, German chancellor Angela Merkel has pleaded for the protection of an estimated 19,000 German manufacturing jobs reliant upon Opel production. After a meeting with Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau in mid-February, Ms Merkel announced to reporters: “We will do everything we can politically to secure jobs and sites in Germany."
In terms of the future, the UK and Germany are likely to be pushed into further competition, as each side attempts to persuade Groupe PSA to keep existing Opel manufacturing centres within each of their respective economies.
“The automotive industry already faces the question as to what extent access to the UK market will be given for German manufacturers’ post-Brexit, and vice versa,” said Martin Petrin, a commercial law lecturer at University College London. | <urn:uuid:78e5afda-7fa4-4eef-aff0-a914b597b988> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fdiintelligence.com/content/news/germany-and-uk-leaders-fret-over-potential-opel-job-cuts-68654 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.955276 | 485 | 1.648438 | 2 |
The day you decide to purchase a house, this is the day you need to start preparing yourself financially. For many homebuyers, this takes time to prepare yourself for this financial undertaking. First, you must develop a plan how to handle the most expensive undertaking of your lifetime. Below are things you need to consider when preparing yourself to purchase your new home:
Credit score – Most people understand a good credit score is needed to qualify for a home mortgage. Potential buyer needs to prepare themselves financially, this means having a low debt-to-income ratio. This ratio should be equal to or less than 43%. Also encompasses having student, and credit card debts under control, etc. Your credit score will improve as your debt-to-income ratio becomes lower.
Down payment – Important to start saving early for your home purchase. One way to reduce your monthly mortgage payment is to make a 20% down payment using a conventional loan. A 20% down payment eliminates the requirement for a homeowner to pay private mortgage insurance. For many buyers, it would take years to meet the 20% requirement, so they must use an FHA loan which only requires 3.5% down payment. For some buyers, there are things they may be able to do to increase their capability to make a large down payment: reduce their debt by paying off prior debt, doing an expense audit, determining where they can cut expenses, not contributing to retirement savings for a short period of time, saving money received from bonuses and gifts, and/or develop a co-buyer’s agreement with parents or friends. This last suggestion has tax advantages to your partner in a co-buyer agreement. Doing one or more of these suggestions will increase your down payment capabilities.
Budget – Be honest with yourself, prepare a budget that you can truly live with. This will determine whether you can truly afford a home. When preparing a budget use a mortgage calculator to estimate your monthly mortgage payment. At the same time, speak with a mortgage lender to determine if you can be approved for a loan, estimate your closing cost and monthly mortgage payments. Finally, when developing your budget do not forget about utility cost you will incur in your new home. Likely these costs will be greater. Finally, allocate an amount to save for emergencies, these will happen.
Mortgage shopping – The first thing you need to do is to shop with multiple mortgage lenders to learn how much you can afford to pay for a home. This can be done easily and quickly without affecting your credit score. Different mortgage lenders offer different programs and sometimes you can compete one lender against another lender saving you a small interest percentage. A small percentage saved can save you thousands of dollars over the life of a loan.
Closing cost – When budgeting to purchase a home, do not forget about closing cost. Closing cost will average somewhere between 3 to 5 percent base on the price of the home. Your lender must be aware that you have sufficient funds in your account to cover closing cost. | <urn:uuid:85d5d618-c90b-454d-a69a-5cb0a9334d78> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://activerain.com/blogsview/5601627/how-to-prepare-your-finances-for-home-ownership | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.955229 | 610 | 1.695313 | 2 |
WOLFSBURG, Germany (AP) — Dutch striker Wout Weghorst apologized on Monday for appearing to make light of the coronavirus in a social media post.
Weghorst was trending on Twitter in Germany due to his Instagram story in which he seemed to endorse a message saying, “Imagine a vaccine so safe you have to be threatened to take it -- for a disease so deadly you have to be tested to know you have it.”
Weghorst added, “THIS!!! People inform yourself,” prompting a backlash on social media.
Weghorst deleted the story and apologized for any hurt or upset he may have caused.
“I know many people who have been infected with the coronavirus, and therefore I know exactly what its effects are and how dangerous it can be,” Weghorst wrote. “I merely wanted to point out that with this issue, as with all others in general, you should educate yourself as much as possible and listen to as many different opinions as possible.”
Weghorst, one of the Bundesliga’s top scorers, plays for Wolfsburg, which has had four positive cases among its players. Kevin Mbabu, Renato Steffen, Josip Brekalo and Marin Pongracic all tested positive for COVID-19 since the outbreak began.
Steffen is still suffering side effects including a loss of taste weeks after his infection.
“You can tell that something was happening in the body. You can tell that there’s still something, even if you don’t have symptoms,” Steffen told radio station NDR2 in a podcast. “Every now and then you feel weak or have days in which it is more difficult to breathe.”
Former Germany goalkeeper Jens Lehmann, a board member at Hertha Berlin, prompted a social media backlash on Saturday when he seemed to play down the risk of the coronavirus by comparing it to flu. He deleted the Tweet.
Leipzig coach Julian Nagelsmann said on Friday that South Korea forward Hwang Hee-chan felt “almost dead” for a week when he was infected with the virus.
Germany’s central disease control center on Monday reported 16,362 new confirmed cases — about 4,000 more than a week before. The Robert Koch Institute reported 188 new deaths, bringing the country’s death toll to more than 22,000.
More AP soccer: https://apnews.com/Soccer and https://twitter.com/AP_Sports
Ciarán Fahey on Twitter: https://twitter.com/cfaheyAP | <urn:uuid:b0165fb7-8e90-49af-9d4d-3835dd91c1b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wintergames.ap.org/article/wolfsburgs-weghorst-apologizes-playing-down-virus-fears | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.963705 | 561 | 1.664063 | 2 |
SAN FRANCISCO (KGO) -- About 100 San Francisco middle school boys are being inspired on Tuesday by some of the Bay Area's best and brightest, discussing science, technology, engineering and math.
These men came from all around the Bay Area, hoping to inspire students from an underserved school and give them the support they need to be successful.
"It feels great because they took off their time to come talk to us about our education," sixth-grader Jermaine Williams said.
The Silicon Valley Leadership Group is hosting the Young Men's Leadership Summit at AT&T Park. About 70 men from around the Bay Area volunteered to serve as mentors to 100 boys from Willie Brown Middle School.
AT&T California President Ken McNeely welcomed the sixth-graders to the stadium.
"When I grew up, I never saw anybody that looked like me in positions of authority and responsibility. So knowing that there's someone out there that I could aspire to be is a wonderful thing. I'm hoping to find the next president of AT&T California right here in this building today," McNeely said.
When asked what it means to see black men in leadership positions, sixth-grader Temon Howard said, "It makes me feel proud."
Former Mayor Willie Brown shared some advice and then the kids and mentors will break into teams to work on STEM skills, like building an airplane out of a kit. "We want to prepare the kids for the future so they know what to look for," mentor Manoj Midha said.
Organizers hosted a similar summit of young middle school girls this past spring and they say they look forward to opening up the summit to even more students next year. | <urn:uuid:8bd00150-005b-45cb-8dfe-093f67ac72c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://abc7news.com/young-mens-leadership-summit-at-att-park-willie-brown-middle-school-students/1114493/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.971994 | 350 | 2.15625 | 2 |
New MSA Hard Hat Made From Sugar
A new “green” protective hard hat forgoes the use of petrochemicals, instead using materials sourced from sugarcane, according to manufacturer MSA.
Developed by MSA in Brazil, the V-Gard GREEN hard hat is made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) that is sourced entirely from sugarcane ethanol, the company says.
MSA produced the product in conjunction with Braskem, a global producer of green thermoplastic resins.
"By developing a hard hat sourced from sugar, we are effectively reducing the overall carbon footprint associated with the life-cycle of this product," said Eric Beck, MSA's Global Director of Strategic Marketing.
Through photosynthesis, sugarcane cultivation captures CO2 from the atmosphere, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, Beck explained.
The V-Gard GREEN hard hats meet the company's performance standards, as well as ANSI Z89.1 and CSA Z94.1, according to MSA.
Protecting People and the Planet
Green HDPE is 100 percent recyclable in the same stream as conventional HDPE, making it suitable for reuse in non-safety products, the company says.
"With the rise in green building and construction projects in general, this is an opportune time to introduce an alternative, sustainable safety hard hat that also helps reduce carbon emissions and demand for fossil fuels in product manufacturing," Beck said.
He added, "With millions of hard hats manufactured and sold annually in the United States, Canada and Mexico, the V-Gard GREEN hard hat provides those in the construction industry as well as those working the utility, energy and industrial fields a more sustainable choice that protects both people and the planet."
The V-Gard GREEN hard hat was selected by global research organization Frost & Sullivan for its 2013 New Product Innovation Leadership Award, according to MSA.
About the Company
Headquartered in Cranberry Township, PA, MSA develops, manufactures and supplies safety products for a wide range of industries, including fire service; oil, gas and petrochemical; construction; mining; utilities; and the military.
The company's principal products include self-contained breathing apparatus, fixed gas and flame detection systems, handheld gas detection instruments, head protection products, fall protection devices and thermal imaging cameras.
More information: www.MSAsafety.com. | <urn:uuid:16cdc67b-21b0-4cba-9b63-ab64c5e9ae09> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.paintsquare.com/news/view/?10327 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.919159 | 501 | 2.0625 | 2 |
As noted in part 1, I’ve taken a very broad approach to this survey of science culture in Canada over the last 10 years. It isn’t exhaustive but part 1 covers science communication, science media (mainstream and others such as blogging) and arts as exemplified by music and dance. Now it’s time for part 2 and the visual arts, festivals, science slams, and more..
Art/Sci or Art/Science or SciArt—take your pick
In 2005 my heart was broken. I had to give up on an event I’d conceived and tried to organize for five years, ‘Twisted: an art/science entrée’. Inspired by an art/science organization in New York, it just wasn’t the right timing for Vancouver or, it seems, for Canada, if the failure of an art/science funding collaboration between the Canada Council and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council of Canada (NSERC) during roughly during that time period could be considered as another indicator.
The situation has changed considerably during this last decade (or so it seems). There are more performing and visual artists using scientific ideas and principles as inspiration for their work or they’re collaborating outright with scientists, or scientists are expressing themselves through artistic endeavours. Of course, of consequences of all this activity is a naming issue. (Isn’t there always?) I’m not taking sides all i want is clarity.
Part 1 featured more of the ‘inspirational’ art/science efforts. Here you’ll find the more ‘science’ inflected efforts.
ArtSci Salon located at the University of Toronto was founded in 2010 according to its About webpage,
This website documents the activity of the ArtSci Salon, a group of artists, scientists and art-sci-tech enthusiasts meeting once a month to engage in critical discussions on topics at the intersection between the arts and science.
Started in 2010 as a spin-off of the Subtle Technologies Festival, ArtSciSalon responds to the recent expansion in the GTA [Greater Toronto Area] of a community of scientists and artists increasingly seeking collaborations across disciplines to successfully accomplish their research projects and inquiries.
Based on the demographic, the requisites, and the interests of our members, the goal of ArtSci Salon is:
- To provide outreach opportunities for local and international innovative research projects in the Sciences and in the Arts;
- To foster critical dialogue on topics and concerns shared by the sciences and the arts;
- To facilitate new forms of collaboration across fields.
Our guests deliver short presentations, demonstrations or performances on a series of shared topic of interest to artists and scientists.
Many, many ArtSci Salon events have been listed here. I mention it because the ArtSci Salon website doesn’t have a complete listing for its previous events. While I can’t guarantee completeness, you can perform an ‘ArtSci Salon’ search on the blog search engine and it should get you enough to satisfy your curiosity.
Curiosity Collider‘s first event seems to have been in April 2015 (as noted in my July 7, 2015 posting). i wonder what they’ll do to celebrate their fifth anniversary? Anyway, they describe themselves this way (from the Mandate webpage),
Curiosity Collider Art-Science Foundation is a Vancouver based non-profit organization that is committed to providing opportunities for artists whose work expresses scientific concepts and scientists who collaborate with artists. We challenge the perception and experience of science in our culture, break down the walls between art and science, and engage our growing community to bringing life to the concepts that describe our world.
You can find Curiosity Collider here. I see they don’t have anything scheduled yet for 2020 but they had a very active Fall 2019 season and I expect they needed a breather and now there’s ‘flattening the COVID-19 curve’.
Once Curiosity Collider gets started again, you’ll find they put on different kinds of events, usually evening get togethers featuring various artists and scientists in a relaxed environment or joint events with other groups such Nerd Nite, Science Slam, and others. In 2019, Curiosity Collider hosted its first festival. You’ll find more about that in the Festivals subsection further down in this posting.
ArtSci at Cape Breton University (Nova Scotia) seems to have existed from March 2017 to November 2018. At. least, that’s the period its Twitter feed was active.
… Art the Science facilitates cross-disciplinary relationships between artists and scientists with a goal of fostering Canadian science-art culture. In doing so, we aim to advance scientific knowledge communication to benefit the public, while providing opportunities for artists to exhibit their work in unconventional and technologically innovative ways. By nurturing the expression of creativity, be it in a test-tube or with the stroke of a brush, Art the Science has become one of the most beloved and popular online SciArt (science + art) communities in the world. Since 2015, it has developed numerous digital SciArt exhibitions, and has highlighted the work of both pioneering and upcoming SciArt artists internationally. The organization also promotes the role of SciArt by conducting various outreach initiatives, including delivering lectures and keynote presentations designed to foster public engagement and a deeper appreciation of science and art.
Volunteer Run: Since 2015, Art the Science has been operating with the hard work and dedication of volunteer hours from our board and supporters. We have been busy generating evidence to show the impact and reach of our initiatives. We believe this evidence will help us secure financial support as we move forward.
National events, festivals, and conferences
These days it’s called Science Odyssey and takes place in May of each year. I first came across the then named National Science and Technology Week in 1993. The rebranding occurred in 2016 after the Liberals swept into victory in October 2015 federal election.
In 2020, Science Odyssey (as noted previously, prior to 2016 this was known as National Science and Technology Week and was held in October each year) it was slated to take place from May 2 to May 17. In most years, it functions as a kind of promotional hub for science events independently organized across the country. The focus is largely on children as you can see in the 2019 promotional video,
Cancelled for 2020, its events have ranged from an open house at a maker lab to lectures at universities to festivals such as Pint of Science and Science Rendezvous that occur during Science Odyssey. (I profiled Science Odyssey, Pint of Science, Science Rendezvous and more in my May 1, 2019 posting.)
Pint of Science
Beer and science is a winning combination as they know in the UK where Pint of Science was pioneered in 2012. Pint of Science Canada was started in 2016 and is scheduled for May 11 – 13, 2020,
Pint of Science Canada invites scientists to your favorite local bars to discuss their latest research and discoveries over a drink or two. This is the perfect opportunity to meet scientists and ask questions. You have no excuse not to come and share a drink with us!
Démystifier la recherche scientifique et la faire découvrir au grand public dans un cadre détendu, avec une bière à la main c’est possible. Parce que oui, la science peut être le fun!
There isn’t a cancellation notice on the website as of April 15, 2020 but I suspect that may change.
Billing itself as a free national kick-off festival for Science Odyssey and the country’s largest celebration of science and engineering, it was founded in 2008 and was confined to Toronto in that first year. In 2019, they promoted over 300 events across the country.
This year, Science Rendezvous is scheduled for May 9, 2020. Please check as it is likely cancelled for 2020.
Science Literacy Week
This week first crossed my radar in 2015 and because I love this passage, here’s an excerpt from my Sept 18, 2015 posting where it’s first mentioned,
Just as Beakerhead ends, Canada’s 2015 Science Literacy Week opens Sept. 21 – 27, 2015. Here’s more about the week from a Sept. 18, 2015 article by Natalie Samson for University Affairs,
On Nov. 12 last year , the European Space Agency landed a robot on a comet. It was a remarkable moment in the history of space exploration and scientific inquiry. The feat amounted to “trying to throw a dart and hit a fly 10 miles away,” said Jesse Hildebrand, a science educator and communicator. “The math and the physics behind that is mindboggling.”
Imagine Mr. Hildebrand’s disappointment then, as national news programs that night spent about half as much time reporting on the comet landing as they did covering Barack Obama’s gum-chewing faux pas in China. For Mr. Hildebrand, the incident perfectly illustrates why he founded Science Literacy Week, a Canada-wide public education campaign celebrating all things scientific.
From Sept. 21 to 27 , several universities, libraries and museums will highlight the value of science in our contemporary world by hosting events and exhibits on topics ranging from the lifecycle of a honeybee to the science behind Hollywood films like Jurassic World and Contact.
Mr. Hildebrand began developing the campaign last year, shortly after graduating from the University of Toronto with a bachelor’s degree in ecology and evolutionary biology. He approached the U of T Libraries for support and “it really snowballed from there,” the 23-year-old said.
The latest edition of Science Literacy Week came to include over 650 events put on by more than 300 partners in over 250 cities across Canada. From public talks to explosive chemistry demos, stargazing sessions to nature hikes, there was sure to be an interesting activity for science lovers of all ages. Science Literacy Week is powered by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).
According to Science Literacy Week founder Jesse Hildebrand’s LinkedIn profile, he doesn’t seem to be involved with the ‘Week’ (as of December 2019). However, he does remain involved with Exploring by the Seat of Your Pants, from the homepage,
Beaming Science, Exploration, Adventure and Conservation into Classrooms Across North America
Guest Speakers and Virtual Field Trips with Leading Experts from Around the World
Using Technology to Broadcast Live into Classrooms from the Most Remote Regions on the Planet Since
September 2015, We’ve Run Well over 1,000 Live Events Connecting Hundreds of Thousands of Students to Scientists and Explorers in over 70 Countries
Onto another standalone festival.
Calgary’s big art/science/engineering festival, Beakerhead got its start in 2013 as a five-day event as per my December 7, 2012 post. It’s gone through a few changes since then including what appears to be a downsizing. The 2019 event was on September 21, 2019 from 5 pm to 11 pm.
According to his profile on LinkedIn, Jeff Popiel is Beakerhead’s interim CEO and has been since 2018. Mary Anne Moser (one of Breakerhead’s co-founders; the other is Jay Ingram, formerly of the Daily Planet science television show) was welcomed as the new Executive Director for Calgary’s science centre, Telus Spark, in April 2019.
Beakerhead’sr Wikipedia entry, despite being updated in December 2019, lists as its most current iteration of the festival that one that place in 2018.
All organizations experience ups and downs; I certainly hope that this represents a temporary lull. On the plus side, the Beakerhead Twitter feed is being kept current. and there is a February 18, 2020 entry on the Beakerhead’s homepage.
Invasive Species (Curiosity Collider) & Special Projects (ArtSci Salon)
The first and possibly only Collisions Festival (from the Curiosity Collider folks), Invasive Species took place in November 2019. A three-day affair, it featured a number of local (Vancouver area) artist/scientist collaborations. For a volunteer-run organization, putting on a three-day festival is quite an accomplishment. So, brava and bravo!
The ArtSci Salon in Toronto hasn’t held any festivals as such but has hosted a number of ‘special projects’ which extend over days and/or weeks and/or months such as The Cabinet Project, which opened in April 2017 (not sure how long it ran) and featured a number of artists’ talks and tours; Emergent Form from April 1 -30, 2018; EDITED (gene editing) from October 25 – November 30, 2018; and, FACTT-Evolution from March 29 – May 15, 2019.
International conferences and the Canadian art/technology scene
I am sure there are others (I’d be happy to hear about them in the comments) but these two organizations seem particularly enthused about holding conferences in Canada. I would like to spend more time on art and technology in Canada but that’s a huge topic in itself so I’m touching on it lightly.
ISEA 2015 and 2020
Formerly the Inter-Society of Electronic Arts, the organization has rebranded itself as ISEA (pronounced as a word [acronym] with a long ‘s’ like ‘z’). The acronym is used both for the organization’s name, the International Society for Electronic Arts, and its annual International Symposium of Electronic Arts, known familiarly as ISEA (year).
ISEA 2015 took place in Vancouver and was held in August of that year (you can read more about in my April 24, 2015 posting where I announced my presentation of a paper and video “Steep (1): A digital poetry of gold nanoparticles.”).
Montreal Digital Spring (Printemps numérique) is proud to present ISEA2020 from October 13 to 18, 2020 in Montreal.
ISEA2020 will be the Creativity Pavilion of MTL connect; using digital intelligence as the overarching theme, this international event aims to look across the board at the main questions related to digital development, focusing on its economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts in various sectors of activity.
Montreal was awarded host of the next edition of ISEA in the closing ceremony of ISEA2019, held in Gwangju, South Korea. Soh Yeong Roh, Director of Art Center Nabi in Seoul, hand over the eternal light to Mehdi Benboubakeur, Executive Director of Montreal Digital Spring. As Benboubakeur stated: “ISEA returns to Montreal after 25 years. Back in 1995, ISEA positioned Montreal as a digital art center and brought emerging local artists into the international spotlight. In 2020, Montreal will once more welcome the international community of ISEA and will use this opportunity to build a strong momentum for the future.”
SEA 2020 turns towards the theme of “Why Sentience? Sentience describes the ability to feel or perceive. ISEA2020 will be fully dedicated to examining the resurgence of sentience—feeling-sensing-making sense—in recent art and design, media studies, science and technology studies, philosophy, anthropology, history of science and the natural scientific realm—notably biology, neuroscience and computing. We ask: why sentience? Why and how does sentience matter? Why have artists and scholars become interested in sensing and feeling beyond, with and around our strictly human bodies and selves? Why has this notion been brought to the fore in an array of disciplines in the 21st century?
I notice Philippe Pasquier of Simon Fraser University (Surrey campus, Vancouver area) is a member of the organizing committee. If memory serves, he was also on the organizing committee for ISEA 2015. He was most recently mentioned here in a November 29, 2019 where I featured his Metacreation Lab and when I mentioned the ISEA 2020 call for submissions.
The call for submissions has since been closed and the statistics announced, from the ‘Thank You for all your submissions’ webpage,
… We received a total of 987 submissions from 58 countries. Thank you to those who took the time to create and submit proposals for ISEA2020 under the theme of sentience. We look forward to seeing you in Montreal from May 19 to 24, 2020 during MTL connect/ISEA2020!
Statistics by categories:
- Artworks: 536
- Artist talks: 121
- Full papers: 108
- Short papers: 96
- Workshops / Tutorials: 53
- Panels / Roundtables: 24
- Institutional presentations: 22
- Posters / Demos: 18
Good luck to everyone who made a submission. I hope you get a chance to present your work at ISEA 2020. I wonder if I can attend. I’ll have to make up my mind soon as they stop selling early bird tickets on and around March 16, 2020.
The Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), founded in 1947, has a special interest group (SIG) dedicated to computer GRAPHics. Hence, there is SIGGRAPH, which holds an annual conference each in North America and in Asia.
Vancouver hosted SIGGRAPH in 2011, 2014, and 2018 and will host it again in 2022. It is the only Canadian city to have hosted a SIGGRAPH conference since the conference’s inception in 1974. It is a huge meeting. In 2018, Vancouver hosted 16,637 attendees.
If you have a chance, do check out the next SIGGRAPH that you are able to attend. As inspiration you can check out the profile I wrote up for the most recent conference in Vancouver (my August 9, 2018 posting). They’re not as open to the public as I’d like but there are a few free events.
Coffee, tea, or beer with your science?
There are many ways to enjoy your science.Here are various groups (volunteer for the most part) that host regular (more or less) science nights at cafés and/or pubs and/or bars. Although I mentioned Café Scientifique Vancouver in part 1, it doesn’t really fit into either part 1 or part 2 of this review of the last decade but it’s being included (in a minor way) because the parent organization, Café Scientifique, is in a sense the progenitor for all the other ‘Café’ type efforts (listed in this subsection) throughout Canada. In addition, Café Scientifique is a truly global affair, which means if you’re traveling, it’s worth checking out the website to see if there’s any event in the city you’re visiting.
Science Slam Canada
I’m so glad to see that we have a Science Slam community in Canada (the international phenomenon was featured here in a July 17, 2013 posting). Here’s more about the phenomenon from the Science Slam Canada homepage,
Science slams have been popular in Europe for more than a decade but have only recently gained traction in North America. Science Slam Canada was founded in 2016 and now runs regular science slams in Vancouver. Given wide interest and support, Science Slam Canada is continuing to grow, with upcoming events in Edmonton and Ottawa.
Based on the format of a poetry slam, a science slam is a competition that allows knowledge holders, including researchers, students, educators, professionals, and artists to share their science with a general audience. Competitors have five minutes to present on any science topic and are judged based on communication skills, audience engagement, and scientific accuracy. Use of a projector or slideshow is not allowed, but props and creative presentation styles are encouraged.
The slam format provides an informal medium for the public and the scientific community to connect with and learn from each other. Science slams generally take place in bars, cafes, or theaters, which remove scientists from their traditional lecture environments. The lack of projector also takes away a common presentation ‘crutch’ and forces competitors to engage with their audience more directly.
Competitors and judges are chosen through a selection process designed to support diversity and maximize the benefit to speakers and the audience. Past speakers have ranged from students and researchers to educators and actors. Judges have included professors, media personalities, comedians and improvisers. And since the event is as much about the audience as about the speakers, spectators are asked to vote for their favourite speaker.
Our dream is to create a national network of local science slams, with top competitors meeting at a national SUPER Slam to face off for the title of Canadian Science Slam Champion. This past year, we ran a regional slam in Vancouver, bringing together speakers from across BC’s Lower Mainland. Next year, we hope to extend our invitation even further.
Their last Vancouver Slam was in November 2019. I don’t see anything scheduled for 2020 either on the website or on their Twitter feed. Of course, they don’t keep a regular schedule so my suggestion is to keep checking. And, there’s their Facebook site.
Alan Shapiro who founded Science Slam Canada maintains an active Twitter feed where his focus appears to be water but he includes much more. If you’re interested in Vancouver’s science scene, check him out. By the way, his day job is at STEMCELL Technologies, which you may remember, if you read part 1, funds the Science in the City website mentioned under the Science blogging in Canada subhead (scroll down about 50% of the way).
Sometime around 2003, Chris Balakrishnan founded Nerd Nite. Today, he’s a professor with his own lab (Balakrishnan Laboratory of Evolution, Behavior and Other Fine Sciences) at East Carolina University; he also maintains an active interest in Nerd Nite.
I’m not sure when it made its way to Canada but there are several cities which host Nerd Nites (try ‘nerd nite canada’ in one of the search engines). In addition to Nerd Nite Vancouver (which got its start in 2013, if it’s existence on Twitter can be used as evidence), I found ones in Toronto, Kitchener-Waterloo, Edmonton, Calgary, and, I believe there is also one in North Vancouver.
Their events are monthly (more or less) and the last one was on February 26, 2020. You can read more about it here. They maintain an active Twitter feed listing their own events and, on occasion, other local science events.
This US organization (Story Collider; true personal stories about science) was founded in 2010 and was first featured here in a February 15, 2012 posting. Since then, it has expanded to many cities including Vancouver. Here’s more about the organization and its worldwide reach (from the Story Collider About Us webpage), Note: Links have been removed,
The Story Collider is a 501(c)3 nonprofit organization dedicated to true, personal stories about science. Since 2010, we have been working with storytellers from both inside and outside science to develop these stories, and we share them through our weekly podcast and our live shows around the world.
We bring together dedicated staff and volunteers from both science and art backgrounds to produce these shows — starting with our executive director, Liz Neeley, who has a background in marine biology and science communication, and our artistic director, Erin Barker, a writer and experienced storyteller — because we believe both have value in this space. Currently, The Story Collider has a home in fourteen cities — New York, Boston, DC, Los Angeles, St. Louis, Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Seattle, Milwaukee, Toronto, Vancouver, Cambridge, UK, and Wellington, New Zealand — where events organized by local producers are held on a monthly or quarterly basis. We’ve also been delighted to work with various partners — including publishers such as Springer Nature and Scientific American; conferences for organizations such as the American Geophysical Union and the Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative; and universities such as Yale University, North Carolina State University, Colorado University, and more — to produce shows in other locations. Every year, we produce between 50 and 60 live events featuring more than 250 stories in total, and we share over a hundred of these stories on our podcast.
Vancouver’s first Story Collider of 2020, ‘Misfits’ was scheduled for February 1 at The Fox Cabaret at 2321 Main Street . You can see more about the event (which in all likelihood took place) and the speakers here.
As for when Story Collider set down a few roots in Vancouver, that’s likely to be some time after February 2012. The two Vancouver Story Collider organizers, Kayla Glynn and Josh Silberg each have active Twitter feeds. Glynn is focuses mainly on local events; Silberg provides a more eclectic experience.
This is a series of neuroscience’ talks held monthly (more or less) held at Vancouver General Hospital. They served wine out of a box and cheese and crackers at the one talk (it was about robots) I attended. Here’s more about the inspiration for this series from the University of British Columbia Brain Talks Vision page
BrainTalks is a forum for academics and members of the general public to create a dialogue about the rapidly expanding information in neuroscience. The BrainTalks series, was inspired in part by the popularity of the TED Talks series. Founded by Dr. Maia Love in October 2010, the goal is for neuroscientists, neurologists, neuroradiologists, psychiatrists, and people from affiliated fields to meet and dialogue monthly, in the hopes of promoting excellence in research, facilitating research and clinician connections and discussion, and disseminating knowledge to the general public. Additionally, the hope to reduce stigma associated with mental illness, and promote compassion for those suffering with brain illnesses, be they called neurologic or psychiatric, was part of the reason to create the series.
The structure is a casual environment with brief presentations by local experts that challenge and inspire dialogue. Discussions focus on current knowledge about the mind and our understanding of how the mind works. Presentations are followed by a panel discussion, catered snacks, and networking.
BrainTalks is now part of the programming for the University of British Columbia’s Department of Psychiatry. The Department of Education, and the Department of Continuing Professional Development include BrainTalks at UBC as part of their goal to enhance public knowledge of psychiatry, enhance clinician knowledge in areas that may affect psychiatric practice, and disseminate recent research in brain science to the public.
Thanks to Alan Shapiro (founder of Science Slam Canada) and his Twitter feed for information about a new science event that may be coming to Vancouver, SoapBox Science founded in the UK in 2011 puts on events that can be found worldwide (from the homepage),
Soapbox Science is a novel public outreach platform for promoting women scientists and the science they do. Our events transform public areas into an arena for public learning and scientific debate; they follow the format of London Hyde Park’s Speaker’s Corner, which is historically an arena for public debate. With Soapbox Science, we want to make sure that everyone has the opportunity to enjoy, learn from, heckle, question, probe, interact with and be inspired by some of our leading scientists. No middle man, no PowerPoint slide, no amphitheatre – just remarkable women in science who are there to amaze you with their latest discoveries, and to answer the science questions you have been burning to ask. Look out for bat simulators, fake breasts or giant pictures of volcanoes. Or simply hear them talk about what fascinates them, and why they think they have the most fantastic job in the world!
2020 is an exciting year for us. We are running 56 events around the world, making this the biggest year yet! Since 2011 we have featured over 1500 scientists and reached 150,000 members of the public! Soapbox Science was commended by the Prime Minister in 2015, and was awarded a Silver Medal from the Zoological Society of London (ZSL) in June 2016. Both Soapbox Science co-founders were also invited to provide oral evidence at a 2016 Parliamentary inquiry on science communication.
I believe 2020 is/was to have been the first year for a SoapBox Science event in Vancouver. There aren’t any notices of cancellation for the Vancouver event that I’ve been able to find. I expect there will although with a planned June 2020 date there’s still hope, In any case, you might find it interesting to view their ‘Apply to speak’ webpage, (Note: I have rearranged the order of some of these paragraphs),
Are you a woman* who works in science and who is passionate about your research? Are you eager to talk to the general public about your work in a fun, informal setting? If so, then Soapbox Science needs YOU! We are looking for scientists in all areas of STEMM, from PhD students to Professors, and from entry-level researchers to entrepreneurs, to take part in this grassroots science outreach project.
*Soapbox Science uses an inclusive definition of ‘woman’ and welcomes applications from Non-binary and Genderqueer speakers.
The deadline for applications has now passed but you’ll find on their ‘Apply to speak’ webpage, a list of cities hosting 2020 SoapBox Science events,
Tucumán- 12th September
Sydney- 15th August
Brussels- 27th June
Maceio- 22nd November
Rio de Janeiro- 18th July
Salvador- 5th June
Calgary- 2nd May
Hamilton- Date TBC
Ottawa- 19th September
Toronto- 27th September
St John’s- 5th September
Waterloo- 13th June
Düsseldorf- 25th July
Munich- 27th June
Dublin- Date TBC
Lagos- 7th November
Kuala Lumpur- April
Lisbon- 19th Sept
Cape Town- September
Uppsala- 16th May
Gothenburg- 24th April- Closing date 31st January
Arusha- 8th August
Aberdeen- 30th May
Birmingham- Date TBC
Brighton- 30th May
Bristol- 4th July
Cardiff- Date TBC
Edinburgh- Date TBC
Keswick- 26th May
Leicester- 6th June
London- 23rd May
Milton Keynes- 27th June
Newcastle- 13th June
Nottingham- Date TBC
Plymouth- 30th May
Stoke-on-Trent, Date TBC
Swansea- Date TBC
York- 13th June
Boulder- 26th April
Denver- Date TBC
Philadelphia- 18th April
SoapBox Science maintains an active Twitter feed.
For anyone who missed it, part 1 covers science communication, science media (mainstream and others such as blogging) and arts as exemplified by music and dance: ‘The decade that was (2010-19) and the decade to come (2020-29): Science culture in Canada (1 of 5)‘. | <urn:uuid:def01ece-856b-4b6d-9334-f13eeb76c1e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.frogheart.ca/?tag=story-collider | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.949141 | 6,758 | 2.09375 | 2 |
The Covid-19 pandemic has had a devastating effect on our economy, and few of us will be left untouched by its impact. However, some groups and sectors have been hit harder than others. We know that those under the age of 25 have been amongst the hardest hit. We also know from previous bitter experience that when young people enter working life during a recession, they will feel its effect for some years to come. Not just in terms of wages, but also their general health and wellbeing.
It’s clear that as we plan our post-Covid recovery, we must ensure there are specific opportunities available for young people both in terms of jobs and in acquiring the skills they will need to gain employment. Many of them have missed at least six months of school this year, and here in Bristol South, even before Covid-19 hit, we had shockingly low rates of 18 year olds going onto university – just 16 percent compared to 90 per cent elsewhere in the city.
In November, the Labour Party published our plan to support 400,000 new jobs with a green economic recovery. We’re calling for a recovery that will deliver high-skilled jobs in Bristol South and in every part of the UK as part of the drive towards a clean economy. And we’re calling for the low-carbon infrastructure of the future to be built in Britain. Our plans will tackle the twin emergencies we face: the jobs emergency caused by Covid-19 and the climate emergency which threatens the future of our planet.
This is a bold and ambitious plan which will invest in jobs and workers, with capital investment to deliver jobs and an emergency training programme to equip people affected by the unemployment crisis with the skills they need for the future. Of course, as many of you will know, higher education, apprenticeships and ensuring young people have the support they need to access them have been priorities for me since I was first elected. And because of the groundwork we have laid in Bristol South in previous years, we are perfectly placed to deliver this training, helping young people through the crisis and retraining older people who have lost their jobs as the result of the pandemic. With City of Bristol College, and the new Advanced Skills Construction Centre currently being built at Hengrove, Bristol South can be at the forefront of the post-Covid recovery – and I’ll keep working to make sure that’s the case.
We know the effects of the pandemic will be felt for many months to come. But as we try to ‘build back better’, we have a unique opportunity to look to the future and ensure that we pioneer green industry and ensure a better quality of life here in Bristol South. I want to work with constituents to make this a reality – so please do get in touch if you have any ideas or experiences to share. | <urn:uuid:eb1d7806-0cf9-4f5b-a03b-6816023d3039> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://karinsmyth.com/2022/02/04/the-pigeon-december-2020/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.971188 | 584 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Wisdom teeth are called as such because they grow as a person matures. Normally appearing between the ages of 17 to 25, they are the last adult teeth to emerge at the rear part of the mouth. People typically grow a total of four wisdom teeth in their lifetime with two each at the top and the bottom. Wisdom teeth are “impacted” when they emerge in the wrong direction, affecting the health of the adjacent teeth and the jaw. If this occurs, a removal procedure with the dentist must be arranged. Common symptoms that help identify if dental intervention is necessary are: tooth and mouth aches, jaw injury, misaligned bite, swollen gums, cavities, and sinus problems. If you experience these issues, promptly schedule an appointment with your dentist. On the condition that wisdom teeth emerge fully and are positioned properly, they do not need to be removed. However, preventative action can be done to avoid future discomfort. Surgery can become more difficult as a person ages because the bones grow stronger. Waiting too long could cause severe bleeding, damaged teeth, and loss of feeling and control on the mouth and jaw.
If an extraction appointment is already in place, use this guide for pre- and post-operation do’s and don’ts.
Before the surgery
- Discuss medications with the doctor. Certain drugs react with the anesthesia used in wisdom teeth removal. Make sure to be transparent to avoid complications during the surgery.
- Stock up on post-op necessities like soft food and beverages, pain medication, and cold compresses to reduce activity after the operation.
- Dress comfortably. A loose shirt with short sleeves is recommended in the case of intravenous injections. Wear shoes that you can easily step in and out of to avoid unnecessary bending. It is imperative to minimize your movement to avoid problems.
- Don’t eat and drink the night before your appointment. A person might be at risk of regurgitation and ensuing airway obstruction if anesthesia is administered on a full stomach. Take meals earlier to prevent complications.
- Don’t forget to clean your teeth thoroughly. Sanitize the mouth properly to keep it clear of debris that might cause infections to the surgical area.
- Don’t bring unnecessary items in your “surgery bag”. Pack light to find necessities faster. This can save the patient or their companion’s time when finding documents, IDs, or cards needed post-op.
After the surgery
- Take proper rest. Avoid strenuous activities so as to not aggravate the surgical area.
- Take medications when necessary. Consult with the dentist for the best pain-relief medications in case of post-surgery pain. Make use of cold compress to help relieve inflammation in the mouth as well.
- Take note of heavy bleeding. Seek advice from the dentist immediately for a quick assessment.
- Don’t drive yourself home. Effects of anesthesia may take time to wear off, inhibiting proper use of mental faculties needed when driving. Make appointments with family, friends, or hired vehicles prior to your dental appointment.
- Don’t eat hard, hot, or spicy food. These types of food may irritate the extraction site. Opt for soft food such as soups, eggs, and mashed potatoes instead.
- Don’t brush your teeth too hard especially near the surgical area 24 hours post-op. Use mouthwash and gargle gently to sanitize the area in the meantime.
Any medical treatment with the words “extraction” or “surgery” attached to it can sound frightening, but wisdom teeth extraction is completely safe. A quick visit to a good, thorough dentist will greatly ease feelings of anxiety common before any surgery. Book a consultation now to receive the exceptional care and treatment to make your smile a beautiful and painless one. | <urn:uuid:cd8fcd32-24f5-45f7-897b-28544f37d79d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.americandentalclinic.com/pre-and-post-op-dos-and-donts-for-wisdom-tooth-removal/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.928677 | 812 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Eremophila magnifica facts for kids
Quick facts for kidsEremophila magnifica
|Flowers in the ANBG|
Eremophila magnifica is a flowering plant in the figwort family, Scrophulariaceae and is endemic to Western Australia. It is an erect shrub with large, clustered leaves and large, attractive lilac-coloured or purple flowers, sometimes so densely clustered that they appear like compound heads of terminal flowers.
Eremophila magnifica is an erect shrub which grows to a height of 0.5–1.5 m (20–60 in). Its leaves, which smell strongly of nutmeg when crushed, are densely clustered near the ends of the branches, bluish-green, lance-shaped, mostly 29–63 mm (1–2 in) long and 6–15 mm (0.2–0.6 in) wide. The edges of the leaves are hairy.
The flowers are borne in groups of 2 to 4 in, clustered near the ends of the branches in leaf axils on hairy stalks which are 10–27 mm (0.4–1 in) long. There are 5 green to dull purple, hairy, linear to triangular sepals which are mostly 11–22 mm (0.4–0.9 in) long. The petals are 17–22 mm (0.7–0.9 in) long and are joined at their lower end to form a tube. The petal tube is lilac-coloured on the outside and deep lilac on the inside of the petal lobes. There are translucent spots on the petal tube and lobes, the outer surface is hairy, the inner surface of the lobes is glabrous and the inside of the tube is filled with long, soft hairs. The 4 stamens are fully enclosed in the petal tube. Flowering occurs from August to November and the fruits which follow are dry, oval-shaped and 6.5–7.5 mm (0.3–0.3 in) long.
Taxonomy and naming
The species was first formally described by Robert Chinnock in 2007 and the description was published in Eremophila and Allied Genera: A Monograph of the Plant Family Myoporaceae. The specific epithet (magnifica) is a Latin word meaning "noble", "eminent" or "splendid", in reference to the large, attractive flowers.
In the same book, Chinnock described two subspecies and the names are accepted at the Australian Plant Census:
- Eremophila magnifica Chinnock subsp. magnifica which has glabrous branches and leaf surfaces (other than the margins);
- Eremophila magnifica subsp. velutina Chinnock which has velvety branches and leaves
Distribution and habitat
Subspecies magnifica occurs on the tops and slopes of the Hamersley Range in the Pilbara biogeographic region where it grows on rocky slopes and hilltops; subspecies velutina occurs between Marandoo and Newman in the Gascoyne and Pilbara biogeographic regions where it grows on slopes and ephemeral creeks in loamy soils.
Eremophila magnifica is classified as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife but subspecies magnifica is classified as "Priority Four" meaning that is rare or near threatened and subspecies velutina is classified as "Priority Three" meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat.
Use in horticulture
The highly-scented leaves and large, well-displayed flowers are attractive features of this eremophila. It can be propagated by grafting onto Myoporum rootstock and grown in well-drained soil in full sun. It is drought tolerant but very sensitive to frost and should be only lightly pruned.
Eremophila magnifica Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia. | <urn:uuid:46002708-a866-437e-84f6-90e803c29caf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kids.kiddle.co/Eremophila_magnifica | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.936747 | 903 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Public engagement key to smart meter success
The Energy and Climate Change Select Committee has expressed concerns that approximately just 50% of the public have heard of smart meters and not all of them support the roll-out.
The Committee warns that if engagement levels do not increase and people refuse to allow smart meters to be installed in their home, the roll-out may be hindered and consumers may not benefit from the technology.
Worries have surfaced as a result of evidence from the committee’s recent consumer engagement inquiry.
The committee, which will monitor progress towards delivering the smart meter roll-out, has invited written evidence on a selection of questions regarding the roll-out.
Questions include whether or not the Government’s cost and timescale predictions for roll-out are realistic and whether it would deliver value for money.
It also asked whether the Government’s cost and timescale predictions for roll-out realistic and whether it would deliver value for money.
According to the committee, smart meters and smart grids have the potential to bring many benefits to the energy industry and to consumers.
It claims for example that energy suppliers will benefit from reduced operating and generation costs, and some of these savings should be passed on to consumers through lower energy prices.
In addition, consumers are also expected to benefit from using the information about energy use provided by the in-home display to reduce their energy consumption and save money on their energy bills.
A week ago it was announced that the roll-out of smart meters for millions of businesses and households had taken a step forward with the publication of Government decisions on consumer engagement, privacy and security.
© Faversham House Ltd 2022 edie news articles may be copied or forwarded for individual use only. No other reproduction or distribution is permitted without prior written consent. | <urn:uuid:f33b5dab-093f-41fd-8ab4-4a3580da00d9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.edie.net/public-engagement-key-to-smart-meter-success/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.944598 | 373 | 2.078125 | 2 |
The Bill, mooted four years back, had rattled global big-tech companies over its stringent provisions related to cross-border data flows.
Nasscom said the key imperatives now will be to operationalise the fundamental right of privacy and enable data protection in a manner that grows trust in data-driven businesses.
"Data is the bedrock for Digital India and the new framework for Personal Data Protection can build on the learnings from global implementation of data privacy laws and stakeholder feedback on the earlier bill," Nasscom said.
India's 'Techade' is being shaped by accelerated digitisation and policy measures that enable access and inclusion, it added.
The government is hopeful of getting a new legislation passed by the next Budget session of Parliament (early 2023), IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw told PTI.
"Very soon, we will rapidly go for internal approvals, get the legal vetting done and take it to the Cabinet. Within the next few months we should be able to complete the process," the Minister said.
A new draft is already in the works and public consultation on that will begin soon, the Minister said.
"Our fundamental drive has been...what we do for the country should be in sync with the whole digital economy that we are developing," the Minister explained.
Facebook-parent Meta in a regulatory filing to US SEC, earlier this year, had said, "Some countries, such as India, are considering or have passed legislation implementing data protection requirements or requiring local storage and processing of data or similar requirements that could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our services."
The exemption power for government agencies had also drawn criticism from privacy advocates.
Overall, the Data Protection Bill sought to provide for the protection of the personal data of individuals and establish a Data Protection Authority for the same. It proposed to put restrictions on the use of personal data without the explicit consent of citizens.
The Bill proposed to specify the flow and usage of personal data, protect the rights of individuals whose personal data was being processed, and outlined the framework for the cross-border transfer, and accountability of entities processing data. It also mooted remedies for unauthorised and harmful processing.
The draft data protection Bill also sought to provide the government with powers to give exemptions to its probe agencies from the provisions of the Act, a move that had been strongly opposed by opposition parties. | <urn:uuid:e5f45a86-a83f-40c1-8367-7f58c1a96f2c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brandequity.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/digital/new-framework-should-learn-from-global-implementation-of-data-privacy-laws-nasscom/93370911 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.941085 | 485 | 1.835938 | 2 |
In the border between Thailand and Myanmar, is the Bamboo School. It has been nearly twelve years since the mission of the Brothers in the Bamboo School began. The school is opened to educate the stateless and marginalised children.
The story of the Bamboo school would not be complete if we do not talk about our Lasallian volunteers from the many countries around the world. They have shared a lot of their effort and hard work to support the Bamboo School projects. One volunteer group that comes every year is from St. Bede’s College in Melbourne, Australia.
St. Bede’s has been sending volunteers to the Bamboo School for years. Two groups are sent each year. The first group comes at the end of June and another visits at the end of September. They mainly help out in construction work done at the La Salle Sangklaburi School, specifically in the Blue Sky Home. This year, their project is to do work on the school parking lots and build the school workshop, where a Life Skills program for the students will be implemented. (Text & Photos: Br. Matthew Thawatchai FSC) | <urn:uuid:833f1ce1-6f95-4af8-9695-f7f2deaac8a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lasalle-lead.org/lead-stories/lead-story-314/st-bedes-immersion-programme-bamboo-school | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.968843 | 237 | 2.15625 | 2 |
As you (should) know, Banned Books Week is an annual campaign that celebrates the freedom to read, recognizes current and historical attempts at censoring books, and highlights persecuted individuals.
You could probably list a few titles that were famously banned and censored in the past—Persepolis, Brave New World, The Satanic Verses, Lolita, The Glass Castle are some of the first that come to mind.
But censorship is an ongoing battle both in the United States and abroad as writers continue to explore uncomfortable and unorthodox topics. In 2017, in the United States, 416 books were banned or challenged and that’s just the reported number.
#BannedBooksWeek starts today! Celebrate the freedom to read and raise awareness about the harms of censorship. Learn more about speaking out for banned books: https://t.co/Fj7UDumlkM 📢 pic.twitter.com/4BWCt5qhXx
— ALA OIF (@OIF) September 23, 2018
In support of this good fight, we’ve rounded up 13 quotes from authors on the importance of freedom of speech and why we must fight censorship.
“What is freedom of expression? Without the freedom to offend, it ceases to exist.”―Salman Rushdie
“What I worry about is, that in an effort to protect students, we may be taking away the tools they need to protect themselves later on.”—Jeannette Walls
“No one should have the power to decide what other people’s kids may or may not read.”—Lisa McMann
“A word to the unwise.
Torch every book.
Char every page.
Burn every word to ash.
Ideas are incombustible.
And therein lies your real fear.”
― Ellen Hopkins
“Banning books is just another form of bullying. It’s all about fear and an assumption of power. The key is to address the fear and deny the power.”—James Howe
“Censorship is the child of fear and the father of ignorance.”―Laurie Halse Anderson, Speak
“If you only read the books that everyone else is reading, you can only think what everyone else is thinking.”―Haruki Murakami
“If there’s one American belief I hold above all others, it’s that those who would set themselves up in judgment on matters of what is ‘right’ and what is ‘best’ should be given no rest; that they should have to defend their behavior most stringently…. As a nation, we’ve been through too many fights to preserve our rights of free thought to let them go just because some prude with a highlighter doesn’t approve of them.” [Bangor Daily News, Guest Column, March 20, 1992]―Stephen King
“Yes, books are dangerous. They should be dangerous—they contain ideas.”―Pete Hautman
“Any book worth banning is a book worth reading.”―Isaac Asimov
“Banning books gives us silence when we need speech. It closes our ears when we need to listen. It makes us blind when we need sight.”―Stephen Chbosky
“A dangerous book will always be in danger from those it threatens with the demand that they question their assumptions. They’d rather hang on to the assumptions and ban the book.”―Ursula K. Le Guin, The Wave in the Mind: Talks and Essays on the Writer, the Reader, and the Imagination
“Censors don’t want children exposed to ideas different from their own. If every individual with an agenda had his/her way, the shelves in the school library would be close to empty.”―Judy Blume | <urn:uuid:5cd83a07-2033-49f8-8fe4-6fc6e8d1bcf7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.glommable.com/getliterary/support-banned-books-week-with-these-quotes-on-censorship/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.940014 | 831 | 2.21875 | 2 |
The Wild Birds of Victoria is a user-friendly guide to the birds of Victoria. It includes the identification and descriptions aids to almost all the birds that live in the wild area in this state.
Viridans is a fully-functional subset of Wild Animals of Victoria and it is operated by using the software as that package and its botanical is equivalent with the Wild Plants of Victoria.
From the Viridans front line database the distribution data is derived, The Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) is used this Victorian Fauna Database (VFD), which is based on the principal of zoological database.
All records of this database have been summarized in a grid system with individual grid cells of dimensions that is 10 minutes longitude x 10 minute latitude, which is in Victoria. It translates to the grids which is 15 x 18 km (an area of about 270 km2). There are about 960 10-minute grids that cover up Victoria. There are over 120,000 records in Wild Birds of Victoria. | <urn:uuid:7e7850e8-c36a-484c-9687-634c210a0e19> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.greenfinder.com.au/eco/Wild-Birds-of-Victoria-n867 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.912745 | 210 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Auto Repair Doesn't Have To Come At Such A High Cost
Is there a car in your possession? You have more than likely needed repairs in the past. Finding a good mechanic to fix your car can be very stressful. Luckily, the following article contains tips to make the process easier.
Only choose an A.S.E. certified mechanic. This type of certification means two years experience and also a passed written test. This also means that you have an experience, knowledgeable repair person working on your car.
Before you let the mechanic work on your car, make sure that you have all of the prices down. Ask about any additional fees that may come up during the repair and any charges that you may not be aware of. This will ensure that you are not surprised when the bill comes for your car repair.
Look for an auto repair shop that displays their certifications for everyone to see. Get a good look at it to make sure that they are current. Even if they are certified, that does not guarantee quality work, but there is a greater chance of the work getting done correctly.
To save a trip to the auto repair shop, you should take a look at your owner's manual. Here, you may find hints or perhaps answers to questions you may have about your vehicle. It can be quite helpful to know the size of your engine or its configuration, which is usually found in the manual.
Try figuring out the issue prior to going to get repairs. This will save you a great deal of money and protect you against fraud. You probably already know that certain mechanics will come with lies to charge more money.
Make sure to ask the mechanic who is about to work on your car whether or not he is certified. If the answer is no, leave right away and get someone else to do the repairs. If he says that he is, ask for some type of proof so you know this true.
Keep a log that includes information on any maintenance that you have ever done on your car. To make things easy, put this log in your glove compartment box. If there is an issue with your car, this information can help the technician figure out what is going on much more quickly.
Avoid rebuilt parts if possible. These parts are usually more affordable than new ones but you have no way of knowing how reliable the repairs are. Rebuilt parts have usually been into an accident or stopped working at some point and were salvaged and rebuilt. It is best to invest in newer part that have never been damaged in the past.
If you are paying to have new parts installed in your car, ask the mechanic if you can see them. There is no reason why he should refuse to let you see what you have paid for. If you have any indication that the items are not new, tell the mechanic that you will be getting the work done elsewhere.
Keep your auto repair shops business card in your car at all times. You never know when something could go wrong with your vehicle. You'll want your favorite auto shop's phone number handy, though, when it does. Another option is to program all of their contact information in your phone.
Never underestimate Walmart when it comes to having certain services done on your car. You can get an oil change there for quite a bit less than you will pay for one at an auto shop. They also sell tires that are priced much better than those at most tire shops.
Don't ignore a "Check Engine" light. Many people think it's ok since they continue to run their car with no obvious issues. But a check engine light would have never appeared unless some internal check failed. It's best to get it looked into immediately, or you run the risk of a larger problem down the road.
There are quite a few repair services that exist and that makes it hard to locate one that can help you out. Be certain to apply these tips when you next need auto repairs. The right initial effort can prevent much stress later on. | <urn:uuid:2222ca55-1a5a-45b0-9047-30c30fa660ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dailylasvegasnews.com/2022/01/07/auto-repair-doesnt-have-to-come-at-such-a-high-cost | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.976087 | 810 | 1.570313 | 2 |
The following is a selected post from Conflict Manager Magazine. Full access to this monthly magazine is available to subscribers only.
Click here to subscribe. Interesting in submitting an article for publication? Email: firstname.lastname@example.org.
You’re not you when you’re scared.
More precisely, you’re only a small part of you, that part where your normally rational mind-set has been hijacked by the survival brain and its adrenaline response (freeze, then fight or flee). The freeze takes time, time you may not have.
To reduce freeze time (the perception-action gap) requires developing the objective mind (OM) through knowledge, training and experience.
OM is the 4th Brain, the one that is NOT the rational, emotional or survival brain but is a coherent (hierarchically consistent) synergy. OM is the ‘anchor’ of the personality, a ‘place to stand’ and view the internal (psyche) and external (the world) environments. By realizing, and remaining anchored in OM, you are able to act, correctly and successfully, without waiting for the rational mind to grind through its processing procedures. It’s a type of mental reflex: see it, it’s done.
First, knowledge – the academic pursuit of information – reading, listening, contemplation and discussion. Think about these basic questions in order to gain a better understanding of the self: what are the levels of the personality and how do they express and interact, how do the three brains perceive, process, store, recall and share information, what are your ‘buttons’ and how do you react, and recover, when they get pushed – is there a pattern? What do you need, what do you want, which environments and activities make you feel happiest, saddest, fearful or angry?
Second – training in the inner and outer environments. Inner training (developing mindfulness) must include some form of meditation, a way to still the still the incessant chatter of the rational mind and the pressure of the emotional mind to act on feeling instead of thought. As with any training, meditation should be done daily. How many hours do you spend on fitness, or forms, or drills? There should be, must be, Balance.
Outer environment training should include all of the martial arts from the Spectrum, with emphasis on that category necessary to your needs. For instance, in the criminal justice field, the ability to CRUSH THE BAD GUY (defensive tactics) (following a sensitive and caring conversation, of course) is necessary.
Last is application of your knowledge and training. But, absent getting into the criminal justice or military career fields, finding environments and situations where your life might be on the line is difficult. You can get at least a dose of adrenaline from certain sports such as rock climbing, skydiving, bungee-jumping and tournament competition. Whatever makes your heart pound, mouth dry, bowels loose, palms sweaty and eyes a’google will give you some inoculation against the stress of startle adrenalization – the fear factor.
Then, if you get scared, you’re more than you. | <urn:uuid:f2d1a340-562d-4994-84cf-eaa0dc9ef8fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://conflictresearchgroupintl.com/the-fear-factor-part-iii-developing-the-objective-mind-paul-mcredmond-conflict-manager-magazine-april-2015/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.927595 | 663 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Little great moments in the Alps of Haute Provence
It is almost a commonplace to say that the greatest pleasures in life are in the little things, in the simple things. When we travel to a foreign country like France for a French immersion course, those little details become even more noticeable, because we enter a territory unknown to our senses. It is no longer just about learning, but living to learn for a time that will always seem too short.
Laetitia, our teacher from Alpes de Haute Provence, knows well the importance of these moments. In this short narrative, she tells us about some of these experiences lived by her students during their French immersion stay in the small village of La Rochette.
“I am so happy!” he said from time to time while joining hands and smiling from ear to ear. “This is my own fairy tale!” she said while even photographing the food on the table.
An immersion stay implies sharing. It goes straight to our hearts when hearing a “Home Sweet Home” as they come back from an excursion, or even a “… our home… oops sorry, your home!” during a conversation.
An immersion stay implies our daily environment enjoyed by foreign eyes. On the slopes of a rocky spur, in a loop of the Var river, you can discover the medieval village of Entrevaux: “It doesn’t seem real! Wow it’s so… this is… this is precisely France!” At night, in the heights of the Saint-Raphaël pass, with the neck twisted out of the car window: “I love it! We do not have stars in New York!”
An immersion stay implies enjoying on a day-to-day basis. Spring water running from the mountains: “Here I drink water all day long! It’s very good. At home, water is not this good!” At the table, mouth full, eyes closed: “You’re ruining my life! Anything I will eat from now on will be less good!”
An immersion stay, it’s the history and culture of the country that enters the fibre. In our mountain hamlet, the stone-built houses date back to the 17th century: “I sleep in a house older than my country!”. The books’ pages become reality and Jean Giono’s work brings tears to the eyes.
Away from a cold dictionary list, the vocabulary comes to life and all its usefulness in conversations. That is how the toes and the nightclubs become bursts of laughter in the hills.
And forever, for us too, panisses become pancakes, strength becomes “fortitude” and fields of cut lavender become an army of porcupines.
In France there are many places like La Rochette where you can live your own fairy tale, taking back home more than just a breakthrough in your French learning. You will take with you the memories of all those experiences that, although they may seem simple where you live, take on a whole new meaning when shared with other people in a totally different place. | <urn:uuid:1059acf2-bc68-4085-bf1d-3595975237e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://slimmersion-france.com/blog/great-moments-alps-haute/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.945839 | 670 | 1.84375 | 2 |
CASE PRESENTATION A 73-year-old woman was referred to our movement disorders clinic for evaluation of tremor. Her symptoms had started 1 year prior to presentation with a postural tremor as well as an intermittent rest tremor of her right hand. These symptoms worsened over time and affected her handwriting. She was treated with dopaminergic agonists in adequate doses, with no significant benefit, which were discontinued due to side-effects. She had dysphonia, preceding the onset of tremor by several years, that was initially diagnosed as spasmodic dysphonia. Over the prior 3 months she had had more trouble with her voice and difficulty breathing, which was stridorous at rest. She had experienced urinary stress incontinence for 6 years and urge incontinence for the past 1 year. She denied difficulty walking or falls, but had trouble standing from the sitting position and rare incidents of freezing while walking. She also complained of fatigue, and trouble swallowing her pills. She had no history of infection, toxin exposure, or use of medications known to cause a parkinsonian syndrome and no family history to suggest a hereditary neurodegenerative disease.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Title of host publication||Movement Disorders|
|Subtitle of host publication||100 Instructive Cases|
|Number of pages||4|
|ISBN (Print)||1841845248, 9781841845241|
|State||Published - Jan 1 2008|
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes | <urn:uuid:7a615617-410a-4c39-baa9-888a97cc2dba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-stridorous-woman | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.961977 | 355 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Serpell, Z., Hayling, C. C., Stevenson, H., & Kern, L. (2009). Cultural considerations in the development of school-based interventions for African American adolescent boys with emotional and behavioral disorders. The Journal of Negro Education, 321-332.
African American males are overrepresented among youth in special education identified as having emotional and behavioral disorders. Compared to other youth in special education, they have the least access to needed services and the worst social and academic outcomes. Little empirically supported guidance exists to inform the development of effective and culturally responsive interventions for these youth. This article addresses this gap in the literature by reviewing existing research, and highlighting problems with current approaches to identification, referral, and treatment. The authors provide specific examples about ways to harness African American adolescents’ strengths when developing culturally responsive, school-based interventions and discuss implications for educational policy.
Full article can be found here: | <urn:uuid:cd50ec56-51fd-4fa0-ada1-2f910b750178> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://diversity.utexas.edu/black-male-education-research/2015/02/824/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.911753 | 202 | 2.859375 | 3 |
- Universities and research centers across Spain looking to access next-generation applications
- ADVA’s open optical networking solution enables seamless transition from legacy equipment
- Nationwide research and education network now delivering Ethernet services up to 100Gbit/s
ADVA (FSE: ADV) and SIA, Indra’s cybersecurity company, today announced that RedIRIS is deploying ADVA’s technology to create a robust, high-capacity research and education network (NREN). The new long-haul backbone infrastructure connects universities and research facilities across Spain, enabling educators and scientists to share huge data sets and harness bandwidth-intensive applications. Built on the ADVA FSP 3000 and monitored by the ADVA ALM fiber assurance solution, the network carries services at speeds up to 200Gbit/s. Featuring ADVA’s ROADM technology and QuadFlex™ line cards, the open solution has given RedIRIS an easy way to migrate from legacy technology to flexible, high-performance connectivity.
“Our new transport system empowers Spain’s scientists and academics to work together on national and international projects under optimum conditions. With flexible coherent wavelengths up to 200Gbit/s, it provides secure, highly reliable access to everything from video conferencing tools to high-performance remote computing facilities,” said Esther Robles, head of communications networks, RedIRIS. “ADVA’s open FSP 3000 technology enabled a smooth and painless transition from our existing transport infrastructure. With its modular design, it also provides massive scale, giving us the freedom to easily expand and evolve our network to meet future needs.”
ADVA’s open FSP 3000 technology enabled a smooth and painless transition from our existing transport infrastructure.
Connecting more than 80 points of presence and over 500 institutions, RedIRIS’s new backbone network includes long-haul single-span submarine links to Spain’s Balearic Islands and the city of Melilla, as well as connections to the Canary Islands, the Canarian Institute of Astrophysics and its observatories. For flexibility and high spectral efficiency, the solution features ADVA’s flexgrid multi-degree ROADMs, enabling high-speed coherent and high baud-rate transport. Through ADVA’s MicroMux™ technology, the new infrastructure also supports a seamless mix of 10Gbit/s and 100Gbit/s Ethernet client ports without any footprint increase. This optimizes space efficiency and ensures no stranded bandwidth. The network upgrade also involved the deployment of a solid and thorough migration plan by SIA, a leading Indra company in cybersecurity and ADVA’s Select partner.
“RedIRIS’s long-haul infrastructure is now one of Europe’s most advanced NRENs. It will enable researchers and teachers in Spain to leverage a new breed of data-intensive applications and collaborate in new ways using innovative video conferencing and augmented reality tools,” commented Hartmut Müller-Leitloff, SVP, sales, EMEA, ADVA. “Our open and scalable technology efficiently bridges the gap between the legacy needs and the future demand of RedIRIS’s users. Its unique client port flexibility supports a mix of 10Gbit/s and 100Gbit/s Ethernet services without the need for additional hardware. With our open optical layer, RedIRIS is also free to tackle rising demands in the future by expanding to higher baud rates and more complex modulation schemes.”
“For the design and deployment of a complex project like this, it has been key to walk hand in hand with our client RedIRIS, to perfectly understand its requirements and choose the right professionals with the knowledge and capacity to migrate to a new network that meets the organization’s present and future needs for a wide range of services. The project allows RedIRIS to carry encoded critical services that assure a greater level of cybersecurity with no latency,” stated Alejandro Díez, director, digital risk, SIA. “This deployment gives RedIRIS’s users in the research and scientific community an extremely powerful tool for high-quality collaboration and global connectivity. It also prepares Spain’s NREN for the key challenges of the future as it looks to connect more schools, universities, research centers, global libraries, smart cities and IoT. RedIRIS will operate as a critical infrastructure and will assure an immediate communication service with any other geographic point of the network, with robust processes and higher cybersecurity.” | <urn:uuid:66ac173d-b0ff-44aa-976c-abe2a2cd8030> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newswire.telecomramblings.com/2021/09/rediris-taps-adva-and-sia-to-upgrade-national-research-network/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.902902 | 946 | 1.515625 | 2 |
For a child who uses their thumb constantly to find comfort, dental problems might be significant enough to cause concern. Every parent who has a thumb-sucker has felt the sting of someone reminding them that their child’s habit is going to come … [Read more...] about Is Thumb-Sucking Really Bad for Your Child’s Teeth?
We are the Only Board Certified Dental Anesthesiologists in the State of Missouri, including the St. Louis Metro Area. When your youngster is having a dental procedure done, you might be struggling with the choice of whether or not to sedate them. … [Read more...] about Is Dental Sedation Right for Your Child?
If you are like most parents, getting your child to brush their teeth may feel more like pulling those teeth. The novelty of having a new toothbrush and getting your child excited to take care of their teeth might fade quickly, but brushing habits … [Read more...] about Tips for Taking Care of Your Child’s Teeth – Pediatric Dentist in St. Louis
We work hard to make your child feel at ease by providing exceptional patient care in a relaxed, convenient atmosphere. There are times when IV sedation might be warranted for your child’s dental treatment. This isn’t just scary for you; it can … [Read more...] about How to Prepare Your Child for Dental Sedation and What to Expect
Many sedation options exist to make dental work pain and anxiety free. Many people cringe at the mere thought of having dental work done. The good news is that if you do have to have treatment, it doesn’t have to be a traumatic and painful … [Read more...] about What Are the Different Dental Sedation Options?
Taking your child to the dentist to have regular cleanings is part of cavity prevention. Tooth decay and cavities can deprive a child of a healthy smile. So it is important to take special care of your child's teeth. According to available figures, … [Read more...] about Prevention is Key – St. Louis Sedation Dentistry
There are a number of options available to make up for a missing tooth. According to the principle of 'use it or lose it' if you don’t put enough pressure on the jaw bone, its density can diminish. When the teeth are used to chewing, the jaw bone … [Read more...] about 5 Things You Can Do for Missing Teeth
A pediatric dentist can perform routine tasks and monitor the growth of the teeth. Between the ages of six to twelve, a child's primary teeth are replaced by permanent teeth. This is a very crucial stage when they can develop different types of … [Read more...] about Pediatric Dentistry: Does Your Child Need Braces?
Having a good oral hygiene routine is the first step toward having a bright white smile! Your teeth may lose their luster or become stained for various reasons. It is a well-known fact that smoking is not good for health. Smoking also affects the … [Read more...] about 6 Tips for Whitening Your Teeth
Periodontitis shows very few signs in the early stages so many people do not realize that they have a problem. Periodontal diseases do not affect only adults, they can also be found in adolescents and children. Periodontitis, or gum disease, is a … [Read more...] about 3 Types of Periodontal Diseases | <urn:uuid:2d5f2b62-6b30-4189-ba02-9aebc826e909> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dentalsleepstlouis.com/author/dac/page/29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.937012 | 701 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Virtual PPA Market Continues to Grow
As the corporate market for renewable energy has increased dramatically in recent years, power purchases under virtual power purchase agreements ("PPAs") have witnessed significant growth and show no signs of slowing down. Unlike physical PPAs in which energy is physically delivered from the generator to the offtaker, a virtual PPA, also known as a synthetic PPA, does not involve the physical exchange of energy between the generator and the consumer. Instead, the parties agree to a strike price, and the corporate consumer continues to procure energy in the market at the spot market price. If the spot price rises above the strike price, the generator pays the corporate consumer the difference, and vice versa if the spot price falls below the strike price. Virtual PPAs serve as a financial hedge for both parties, with the generator typically delivering renewable energy certificates ("RECs") to the corporate buyer as a key component of the virtual PPA.
Shifting consumer trends and peer pressure from competitors have led to an increased corporate focus on sustainability and environment, social, and governance ("ESG"). As a result, hundreds of corporations have joined renewable initiatives such as RE100, setting concrete goals to procure 100% renewable energy by a date certain. Virtual PPAs offer a unique opportunity for corporations to lock in a favorable rate and hedge against volatile electricity prices while signaling to the market that they are committed to renewable energy, as many corporations rely on the RECs acquired through virtual PPAs as a critical component of their ESG goals. Moreover, virtual PPAs enable corporate buyers to satisfy a significant percentage of their sustainability goals through relatively few transactions.
Unsurprisingly, energy hungry technology companies have dominated the corporate PPA market to date; however, other industries are quickly entering the fold. At least one restaurant company and two telecommunication companies have inked large virtual PPA deals. Corporations in the health care, industrial, and financial sectors are also following suit.
After the repeal of the Clean Power Plan in 2019, the private sector is stepping up to drive the transition to renewable energy and virtual PPAs often offer the most cost-effective means for corporate buyers to add renewable energy to their energy mix. One emerging trend is an "off-the-shelf" aggregated structure that allows smaller buyers and those lacking energy trading expertise to enter the market by bundling their energy capacity needs with similarly situated offtakers into a single virtual PPA. This type of aggregation will permit smaller corporate offtakers access to deals formerly reserved for well-funded corporations by lowering transaction costs and driving down risk. In addition, subsidy phase-outs will require generators to enter into long-term PPAs with creditworthy corporations in order to demonstrate project bankability to investors. All of these factors point toward virtual PPAs continuing to flourish as an increasingly popular corporate PPA structure in 2020 and beyond.
Jones Day publications should not be construed as legal advice on any specific facts or circumstances. The contents are intended for general information purposes only and may not be quoted or referred to in any other publication or proceeding without the prior written consent of the Firm, to be given or withheld at our discretion. To request reprint permission for any of our publications, please use our “Contact Us” form, which can be found on our website at www.jonesday.com. The mailing of this publication is not intended to create, and receipt of it does not constitute, an attorney-client relationship. The views set forth herein are the personal views of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Firm. | <urn:uuid:fe3bcac0-e6fb-4c64-96e6-fa9612d16dee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jonesday.com/en/insights/2020/02/virtual-ppa-market-continues-to-grow | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.943109 | 721 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Hey maple lover! Do you even know there is a day to celebrate this delicious and sweet golden syrup? Yes, that’s true. Every year 17th December is observed as the National Maple Syrup Day to spread the word about this tempting syrup.
So maple lovers, get ready to enjoy delicious biscuits, cookies, salads, drizzled pancakes, or any other sweet thing topped with maple syrup. And if you are a newbie, just try your hands at such savory things, and do not forget to share them with your friends.
About National Maple Syrup Day
There is an exciting story about the origin of this day. Some say that the people of Ottawa and Chippewa went to their GOD. They started complaining about the people of their country who were becoming too lazy to hunt or farm or engage in other activities. All they wanted was to drink maple syrup directly from the maple trees. So the god cursed them. He told them that the people would only be able to enjoy maple syrup if they worked hard. That is why it takes a season to form the sap before it is extracted.
How is Maple Syrup Extracted?
The production of maple syrup can be traced back thousands of years to the northeastern region of the United States.
Maple syrup is generally extracted from the xylem sap of either sugar maple, red maple, or black maple trees. However, the process is not limited to these maple species. These trees that store maple syrup grows in cold climate regions.
Due to the weather conditions, the trees store starch in their trunk and roots. When the weather changes and spring arrives, the starch becomes sugar and accumulates in the tree’s sap.
The farmers then pierce the tree to make holes in its trunk and then collect the released starch. Then it is processed under high degrees of temperature so that the water can evaporate. The leftover concentrated liquid is then used as finger-licking maple syrup. And today, maple sap became a key ingredient in a variety of dishes.
Do you know who collected the maple syrup in the first place?
The indigenous people of North America. They collected it, processed it, and used it. That is how our delicious maple syrup was born. After that, shortly, maple syrup made its entry into Europe. The Europeans adopted new methods and better processes to define the same. They also tried to add flavors to it.
Interesting Facts about Maple Syrup
Its production usually takes place on a farm known as sugarbush or sugar wood. The sap that collects the starch is collected from the tree, and it is boiled in the sugar house, also known as a sugar Shanty or sugar shack. Also, the United States, the home country of maple syrup, was the leading producer of the same until the 1930s. However, the scenario is different now, with Canada being the top producer of maple syrup.
How to Celebrate National Maple Syrup Day?
- Try new Dishes– This Maple syrup day, try some new and different maple delicacies. You can try your hands at cookies, cakes, biscuits, drinks, muffins, and more.
- Bash– It is so much fun to invite friends & relatives for breakfast. Enjoy warm pancakes, all-together, cracking jokes, and a lot of laughter make the best combination ever. You can also enjoy this national maple syrup day by relishing delicious desserts with your colleagues.
- Know more about it- This industry is the primary source of income and revenues for many people, especially in the United States and Europe. Moreover, as a labor-intensive sector, tea farming provides jobs to a lot of people residing in economically disadvantaged areas. That is why it is essential to know more about the tea industry and contribute by helping it grow.
- Spread a word– Whatever you have learned about the maple syrup industry, share it with your friends. This way, more people will contribute to the growth of this industry. You can also share the recipes or different ways of using maple syrup on social media.
Some relatable sayings & quotes
- “We must keep these waters for wild rice, these trees for maple syrup, our lakes for fish, and our land and aquifers for all of our relatives – whether they have fins, roots, wings, or paws.” – Winona LaDuke
- “Sowing oats is fun,” he agrees solemnly. “One time, I sowed this really hot oat which poured maple syrup all over my dick and then licked it off.” – Elle Kennedy
- “Taking me in, he sweeps his hair back, revealing eyes the colour of maple syrup. I have the sudden urge to eat pancakes.” – Samantha Towle
- “He kissed me deeply. Just how I wanted and needed. He explored every part of my mouth, violating me in the sweetest way with a maple syrup tongue.” – S. Walden
- “I’m not from a maple-producing area, and so my maple syrup credentials are very much of the eating side.” – Nancy Greene
- “We are bound only by the limits of our imaginations” – Misha Collins
- “I drink maple syrup. Then I’m hyper, so I just run around like crazy and work it all off.” – Rachel McAdams
- “Don’t know how to make a glaze? No problem. Just pour maple syrup on that thing.” – Hannah Hart
- “If it’s not 100 percent pure maple syrup, it can’t be called ‘pure maple syrup.” – Nancy Greene
- “Cigars, of course, are made of trail mix, of crushed cashews and Granola and raisins, soaked in maple syrup, and dried in the sun. Why not eat one tonight at bedtime?” – Kurt Vonnegut
National Maple Syrup Day Quotes
- “Canada? Please. That’s like they took Vermont and made a whole country out of it, only more boring, and without the good maple syrup.” – Larry Correia
- “Since 1985 our [American’s] consumption of all added sugars- cane, beet, HFCS, glucose, honey, maple syrup, whatever- has climbed from 128 pounds to 159 pounds per person”. – Michael Pollan
- “I’m a Canadian. Outside Canada, I carry the flag. Canadian nationalism isn’t as insidious as American nationalism, though. It’s good-natured. It’s all about maple syrup, not war. – Feist
- “A sad sort of vulnerability was wafting from her, making the night smell like maple syrup.” – Sarah Addison Allen
- “He eased back and murmured, You taste so damn sweet. Like maple syrup. And you taste like stolen bacon.” – Lorelei James
- “Take it from this Lanark County kid – you won’t find any better, more flavourful syrup, than from the Maple Syrup Capital of Ontario.” – Arlene Stafford-Wilson
- “We don’t want you convicted for condiment theft. You go to that prison, you’ll meet big-time operators. Maple syrup stealers.” – Deb Caletti
- “I think maybe if I could be a Canadian superhero, I’d have some kind of freezing power and some sort of maple syrup weapon. Could be a little sticky.” – Nathan Fillion
- “I happen to know everything there is to know about maple syrup! I love maple syrup. I love maple syrup on pancakes. I love it on pizza. And I take maple syrup and put a little bit in my hair when I’ve had a rough week. What do you think holds it up, slick?” – Vince Vaughn
National Maple Syrup Day Wishes
- “Sugaring Season is the season when you tap the trees for sugar that turns into maple syrup. I’ve married someone from Vermont, so it’s an expression I kept hearing, and I’m like, ‘What is that? That’s just so beautiful.’ I like the idea it’s the very, very first murmurings of spring.” – Beth Orton
- “Let’s say you had to report back to heaven at the end of your time on earth, tell them what your personal allotment of experience had been: wouldn’t it sound like Poppy’s speech? The smell of radiator dust on a winter morning, the taste of hot maple syrup …” – Anne Tyler
- “His tone, like warm maple syrup, drizzled down her spine and licked all the way back up.” – Jasmine Haynes
- “The food that’s never let me down in life is porridge, especially with milk and maple syrup, which is delicious. Paris isn’t a porridge place, but I can buy it in London when I’m there and bring it back with me.” – Marianne Faithfull
- “The scented cloud permeates the air and coats our tongues, triggering images: licorice tobacco and a seductive fae with an agenda, ocean salt and a mortal boy’s sweat, maple syrup and a father’s love, a mother’s sacrifice and a lunar garden rich with lilies and honeysuckle.” – A.G. Howard
- “How could I explain the sort of twisted fantasies I’d had to play out to Frank? Most of them I didn’t even understand myself. Like being drenched in maple syrup and having acorns thrown at me by a guy wearing nothing but hiking boots.” – Nicole Castle
- “Ultimately, I’d love to see a legacy company that has alumni that come out of it and go on to create other big things. A maple-syrup mafia, a HootSuite mafia.” – Ryan Holmes
- “I am passionate about tea, running, the idea that we are bound only by the limits of our imaginations, and maple syrup.” – Misha Collins
Quotes For National Maple Syrup Day
- “I hunt in the refrigerator and find some maple syrup.” – E.L. James
- “My love of maple syrup. I’ve been known to knock back a can over a couple of days: A swig here, a swig there, and next thing you know it’s gone. It’s a habit I have to stave off. I don’t want to lose all my teeth.” – Rufus Wainwright
- “I always have a good quality extra virgin olive oil. Cheap quality oil will end up cheapening your dishes. And I love sweetening my dishes with maple syrup. It has a bit of a bitter kick at the end that works wonderfully in savoury dishes.” – Nadia Giosia
- “Blood is thicker than water, but maple syrup is thicker than blood. Therefore, pancakes are more important than family.”
- “Did you hear about the maple syrup company that went out of business? The poor saps.”
- “I pour maple syrup over my essays. Because they’re 100% waffle.”
- “Someone bought maple syrup for me. I thought it was pretty sappy.”
- “What do you call it when you put syrup in the washing machine? A vicious cycle.”
I hope you acquired more information from this article about maple syrup and the industry. Celebrate Maple Syrup Day, this delicious golden liquid, with friends, colleagues, and relatives, and let people know the new different ways to use it. | <urn:uuid:0605e9d5-b0dd-4ecf-ba72-3e6b6325b9af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.morninglazziness.com/trending/national-maple-syrup-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.949772 | 2,536 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Communication & Cooperation of people and machines in Real-time
RTLS for Smart Factory
With the Real-Time Location System, data of your assets such as forklifts, vehicles, personnel are collected and analyzed at any given time. This system detects improper movement that may cause accidents and alerts to the supervisor. Moreover, based on advanced collected data, the RTLS optimizes workflow, saving time and money.
Safety is always first. RTLS technology can detect the location of personnel and machines in real-time to prevent accidents. In the event of an accident, a notification can be sent to the nearest supervisor to respond quickly and efficiently.
- Personnel protection
- Detect dystrophy
- Prevent accidents
Flexibility & Efficiency
You can actively inject resources by capturing the needs required in each situation in real-time and increase efficiency by identifying unnecessary assets based on the frequency of use. Circulation can also be adjusted based on workflow data and placed in the right place. Thus, RTLS technology brings you maximum profit with minimal assets to achieve economic benefits.
- Optimzie the workflow
- Prevent overproduction
- Easy asset management
Security is a top priority for all industries. You can see the location of visitors at a glance in real-time and reduce the omission of security access lists. It can also detect and respond quickly to intruders and distinguish weak security points through the location history statistical analysis of tags.
- A high level of data security
- Protect server and infrastructure
- Strengthening weak points | <urn:uuid:8ebbf658-2050-4737-8b8e-4fa8af5c66e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://zerom.io/smartfactory | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.896846 | 318 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Three Russian amphibious ships left the Baltic Sea into the Atlantic Ocean with unknown destinations, prompting the US and its allies to deploy surveillance forces.
US monitors Russian landing ship suspected of approaching Ukraine
Three Russian Project 775 Ropucha landing ships , Korolev, Minsk and Kaliningrad, left the Baltic Sea yesterday and entered the Kattegat Strait, west of Sweden, an area considered the gateway to the Atlantic Ocean. The group of ships left the port of Baltyysk in the Russian territory of Kaliningrad two days earlier.
Civilian aviation tracking data shows that a US Navy P-8A Poseidon reconnaissance aircraft was maneuvering off the coast of Denmark, near the route the Russian amphibious ships passed. An early warning aircraft S100 Argus of the Swedish Air Force was also operating in the area at the same time.
The Russian Defense Ministry has not commented on the information.
Russian naval ships often go to and from the Kaliningrad territory, but Swedish officials emphasize the current level of activity of Russian warships is unusually high. The move comes as the Russian military is said to have recently sent more tactical assets to the western region near Ukraine, including Iskander ballistic missiles, attack helicopters and transport.
Each project Ropucha amphibious ship can carry 10 main battle tanks and 340 soldiers, or a mixed mechanized battalion consisting of tanks, artillery, trucks and more than 300 soldiers, or 550 tons of cargo. It is not clear if the three ships leaving the Baltic Sea were carrying any cargo or equipment.
Some experts believe that the Russian ships may be heading to the Black Sea, an area of tension after a series of encounters between Moscow and NATO forces since last year.
“If Russia attacks Ukraine from a south direction, its Black Sea Fleet will certainly carry out amphibious operations in the Sea of Azov. The arrival of large amphibious ships like the Ropucha class can significantly add to the resources. power of this fleet,” commented military expert Thomas Newdick.
Tensions between Russia and the West recently escalated after the US and NATO accused Russia of sending about 70,000-100,000 troops close to the border with Ukraine, expressing concern that the country could launch an all-out war. Russia denies the allegations and declares them “baseless”, insisting all military moves on its western border are purely for defensive purposes.
You can click on the image below to owning our products
Connect us at:
Collection: Hawaiian Shirt | <urn:uuid:fee05e5d-ffe5-4484-8228-b25461aef248> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://9cloudy.com/us-monitors-russian-landing-ship-suspected-of-approaching-ukraine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.925861 | 520 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Problems occur where a series of statements are sequential, because if one piece of the 'jigsaw' is missing it may be very difficult to piece together the rest. However, a repeat of the given information should clarify the situation.
Acceptability can also prove difficult. An individual may, for some unknown reason, not wish to consider a topic or idea at all or in part. The person then becomes unable to concentrate or simply thinks about something else.
Confidence is also important, because if a person feels they cannot sort out the information given they do not even try to attempt contemplating the issue.
Watching the above sequence repeatedly results in a better understanding. | <urn:uuid:8e12e1c0-9223-4639-a937-b2cf45cbcd0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://assertivepeople.org/professional/co/communication05.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.923592 | 142 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Improper cleaning can damage your screen! Our televisions or computer monitors are beautiful, but cleaning them with window cleaner and a rag you picked up in the kitchen is a surefire way to shorten their lifespan. And ruin the quality of the pictures that are displayed. Here are our 4 tips for properly cleaning the screen of a computer or an OLED, LED, or LCD TV.
When you clean your screen improperly, whether it's a computer screen or your TV screen, you risk damaging it. Modern computer screens and HDTVs are brighter, crisper, and more responsive than ever. But this concentration of technologies is also more delicate.
1. Turn off your screen before cleaning it
Before you start cleaning your OLED, LED, or LCD TV or computer screen, first turn off the device. Ideally, unplug it to ensure it is not yet in operation. Do not clean the screen until it is cool to the touch. A hot screen is more difficult to clean and can be damaged more easily. Letting your TV cool down makes it easier to dislodge any rough surfaces and will dissipate some of the static electricity causing dust to cling.
You can also prepare the ground and dust the biggest with a dust canister (held vertically and at least 30 centimeters from the screen). This will dislodge most of the electrostatically adhering dust particles.
2. Use a good quality microfiber cloth
Never use paper towels or cleaning rags! At the risk of repeating ourselves: modern screens are very delicate. Sopalin is not designed to clean delicate surfaces. It is designed to wipe up grease or your spilled coffee, among other things. The surface of the paper towel, at a microscopic level, is quite abrasive and can lead to smudges and scratches on your monitor.
Also, do not use general-purpose rags. Although they are less rough than paper towels, these old scraps of fabric, which often come from our old washed and rewashed T-shirts, tend to be quite rough. In addition, if they have already been used, they could contain abrasive elements (for example, a small grain of sand wiped off a few days before), which will wreak havoc on your screen. So never use these rags: one pass, and it's over!
Instead, we recommend using a good-quality microfiber cleaning cloth. The microfiber polyester content attracts oil while its polyamide content retains water. Its tiny fibers produce a surface that traps dirt instead of moving it. You can find microfiber cloths in most supermarkets and on Amazon.
3. Never spray liquid directly on the screen
Never spray cleaning fluid directly on the screen, as this could quickly turn into a disaster. Yes, we did before, it's true. But that's because the odds of damaging a 2cm-thick CRT screen from the 90s with a quick squirt of cleaning fluid, a wipe, or a rag were close to zero.
This is no longer the case with modern screens. Flat screens and high-definition televisions are made of layers of thin and very thin materials, including various plastics and adhesive glasses. When the liquid touches the edge of these thinly laminated screens, it can easily seep directly inside the inner layers, just like water moves quickly through a sponge.
4. No ammonia-based liquids or alcohol-based cleaners!
Never use alcohol or ammonia-based cleaning fluid on your screen. Ammonia or alcohol-based cleaners (like Ajax glass cleaners) can damage the screen coatings and give you pretty whitish streaks. Even if you have a glossy panel, that screen is probably covered in things that aren't as durable and tough as glass.
In fact, set aside all cleaning products in favor of a small amount of water on the corner of a microfiber cloth, just enough to dampen it slightly. Then, wipe the screen with the dry part of the cloth to avoid water spots or streaks. Ideally, you can use demineralized or distilled water that is "purer" than tap water.
If you are looking for a natural product that is a little more effective than water, this cleaning kit is perfectly suited to cleaning the screen of your OLED TV.
5. Do the right thing to clean your OLED TV screen!
Always avoid making harsh movements when cleaning and wiping the screen with your clean, dry microfiber cloth. | <urn:uuid:599ef392-0871-4119-8eb0-c944dba5a475> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.verdeforet.com/5-tips-for-properly-cleaning-an-oled-led-or-lcd-screen/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.945976 | 907 | 2.40625 | 2 |
“Hello, Peter, this is Bill.”
It was early 1992. Bill was being pummeled in the media for allegations of sexual infidelity. He had just lost the New Hampshire primary. Not since 1952 had a candidate won the presidency without first winning New Hampshire.
Bill was desperate: he needed to raise $90,000 by the end of the day to move on to the next key primary state. He was calling to ask Peter to reach out to the Hollywood community to raise the necessary funds.
The sum he was requesting told Peter how bad things were. Asking for $500,000 would make sense. Requesting $90,000 to move to the next campaign stop signaled the campaign was on the brink.
Campaign finance rules put strict limits of $1,000 on the amount any one individual can donate which meant Peter would have to put his credibility on the line with a whole lot of people.
There was a long pause.
Finally, Bill asked, “Have you ever seen the picture High Noon?”
Peter writes in Tell to Win: “Looking back I can imagine the mental calisthenics being performed on the other end of the phone as Clinton searched for just the right story content that would move this particular audience – me – to his particular goal.”
High Noon is the 1952 classic western movie starring Gary Cooper as the heroic sheriff Will Kane who faces off against a notorious gang. He expects the community to back him up in the fight. But at high noon, only one young boy is willing to stand by him at the moment of truth.
Bill didn’t recite the story of the movie. He didn’t need to.
“Peter, this is High Noon,” he said.
“Ahha!” writes Peter. “Those words transported me emotionally, and I immediately got it.
“Because I had personally experienced the emotional drama, urgency, and ultimate exhilaration of Kane’s struggle through the movie, this familiar story immediately triggered my empathy for Clinton’s experience in his campaign.”
Peter went to work. He began calling Hollywood A-Listers.
“You know High Noon, the movie?” Peter asked. Of course they did. “Well this is High Noon for Bill Clinton.”
By 4 pm that afternoon, he had collected checks for $90,000.
“When the noon whistle blew in the movie,” writes Peter, “the hero faced his demons, inside and out and braved his way to victory.”
Bill went on to win the Democratic nomination on his way to becoming the 42nd President of the United States.
His natural storytelling ability was a big reason for his success and movies and books are terrific raw material for our stories.
Reflection: Think about a current business challenge. Is there a story from a movie or book I could tell to move people to take action?
Action: Tell it. | <urn:uuid:7312e9a5-8006-4338-aff9-17fd46457f70> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://risewithdrew.com/bill-clinton-is-on-the-phone/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.9763 | 628 | 1.703125 | 2 |
The 2021/22 U.S. wheat supply and demand outlook is for lower supplies, unchanged domestic use, reduced exports, and higher ending stocks.
Supplies are lower because imports are reduced 5 million bushels, all for Hard Red Spring wheat, on a slower-than-expected pace. Exports are reduced 10 million bushels, down to 800 million, on weaker than expected sales and shipments for Hard Red Winter and Soft Red Winter.
Projected 2021/22 ending stocks are raised 5 million bushels to 653 million but are still 23 percent lower than last year.
The season-average farm price (SAFP) is raised $0.20 per bushel to $7.50 on NASS prices reported to date and expectations for cash and futures prices the remainder of the marketing year (MY). Despite the recent sharp increases in futures and cash prices, a significant majority of U.S. wheat has already been marketed this MY, limiting the SAFP increase.
The 2021/22 global outlook this month is for higher production, decreased trade and consumption, and larger ending stocks. Global output is raised mainly on an increase for Australia, where an updated ABARES estimate raised production 2.3 million tons to a record 36.3 million.
World exports are lowered by 3.6 million tons to 203.1 million, as decreases for Ukraine and Russia are only partly offset by increases for Australia and India. Exports are lowered for Ukraine by 4.0 million tons to 20.0 million, as the conflict in that country is expected to disrupt exports from the Black Sea region.
Russia exports are reduced 3.0 million tons to 32.0 million as vessel transportation is expected to be constrained by the conflict and the imposition of economic sanctions.
Grain News on AgFax
Partly offsetting these reductions are increases for 2021/22 Australian and Indian exports, up 2.0 and 1.5 million tons respectively to 27.5 and 8.5 million. Increased production and competitive prices are expected to boost exports in Australia to a record level. India’s robust export pace is expected to continue because of its ample stocks and rising global prices.
Imports are lowered for many countries including Turkey, Egypt, the EU, Afghanistan, Algeria, Kenya, Pakistan, Tanzania, and Yemen based on reduced Black Sea wheat export availability and higher world prices.
The 2021/22 global use forecast is lowered 0.8 million tons to 787.3 million, on slight decreases in many countries, including India, that more than offset increased feed and residual forecasts for Australia and Ukraine.
Global ending stocks are raised 3.3 million tons to 281.5 million, as increased stocks in Russia and Ukraine are only partly offset by declines in Turkey, India, and the EU. | <urn:uuid:f6171dcf-5592-4018-986c-0648ff8a4b2c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://agfax.com/2022/03/09/wasde-wheat-lower-supplies-outweighed-by-reduced-exports-dtn/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.951557 | 575 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Short Course on – What You Should Know
8 months ago aebi Comments Off on Short Course on – What You Should Know
For individuals that have no health insurance as well as require urgent treatment, emergency medical clinics are there to aid. Having the ability to get the instant attention you need can be the difference between life and also death. If you’re without protection, you may recognize that there is not going to be any type of hold-ups in getting a consultation with a doctor when something poor occurs. Without any advance notification you risk of being turned away from a treatment you need or of having to wait hrs to be seen by someone that could possibly conserve your life. People go to immediate healthcare centers for several factors. Some have a real requirement for prompt medical interest, yet others don’t also understand they have a concern until it’s too late. They may have remained in an accident or seasoned another illness that has actually come up which creates them to miss regular consultations with their physician. They might really feel unwell or simply not really feel like going to see their doctor. In cases like these, it is best to ensure you have someone gone along to aid you obtain the treatment that you desperately need. Emergency clinical facilities supply comprehensive medical care and also relief to all sort of people. Their medical professionals have the ability to function closely with people to ensure they receive the greatest treatment. Their registered nurses are fully educated professionals, with numerous having added training for working in immediate treatment clinics. They can carry out many medications as well as can give several basic treatments. In addition to offering therapy, urgent medical care facilities also have a vast array of various other solutions for people. Some have onsite doctors offered to treat people immediately, while others likewise have onsite gynecologists as well as surgeons. They can also give cardiothoracic and also orthopedic surgery for people who may need these types of surgical treatments. There are several healthcare facilities that supply urgent treatment center services. If you are searching for hospital emergency room services, you will require to make numerous calls. The variety of people waiting to be seen is constantly a a great deal. You might end up waiting hours before seeing someone. The alternative is to find an immediate medical care clinic near your house. Urgent medical care facilities can provide you with almost any kind of kind of solution that you could require. They have medical professionals on staff that can assist you with issues you are having. If you are at house, they can analyze the situation and also offer you recommendations on what to do next. It can be difficult to handle medical problems if they are not identified right away. A lot of immediate medical care facilities want to make certain you are dealt with as swiftly as possible. This is why most have the most recent equipment and also medical professionals readily available to supply the best care possible for you. | <urn:uuid:fd548b4e-de48-428e-a5a9-1d29acce51c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://automotivevortex.us/short-course-on-what-you-should-know-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.980891 | 581 | 2.375 | 2 |
by Jamey Mann, Catoctin School of Music
A highly debated topic amongst guitar players and teachers is guitar tablature (TAB). Tablature is a system of reading for guitar where numbers are placed on a series of lines. The lines represent the 6 strings of the guitar (bottom line low E, top line high E) while the numbers indicate the fret to be played. This is a type of musical shorthand that simply tells the player where to place their fingers.
The controversy over tablature comes from the fact the tablature is not reading music. It generally does not indicate rhythm, key, notes, and much more. Therefore, trying to learn or teach anyone using tablature exclusively is very detrimental to the learning process. Students who are taught or learn this way often find it difficult to communicate with other musicians. It will also make it more difficult to branch out and learn more once the student realizes that tab has not taught them very much (only where to place their fingers).
I personally do not believe tab is something that should be completely avoided. Instead, I feel that teachers should utilize tablature in responsible ways to aid learning and teach the students the advantages and dangers of using tablature.
- Why Tablature? – Tablature has existed for guitar like instruments for centuries and is older than the standardized notation that we are all familiar with today. The Renaissance lute, Baroque lute, Baroque guitar, and many other instruments used forms of tablature to translate music into written form. For this reason and its ease of understanding and use, tab is not going anywhere. Therefore, students should be taught to use it in a responsible way.
- Tab Good- It many ways tab can be a useful tool. My first lessons with a new student are always about making the student comfortable with the instrument. Because of this I delay learning to read music for some time depending on the student. Before jumping into reading standard notation, I give the students a series of studies designed to develop proper sitting position and basic right/left hand technique. I believe introducing traditional music reading before these issues are covered can be counterproductive. Using tablature at this early stage allows me to show the student fun studies and song to help with their technical development without having to go through the process learning to read. This helps to have fun with students and keeps them engaged. There are many basic fun rock songs teachers can utilize this way to help with their student’s technical development.
- Tab Bad – The real detriment in reading tab is using it exclusively. Tab provides a student with instant gratification of playing a song they recognize at the cost learning real musicianship. Far too many young guitarists learn this way. It causes them to have difficulty working with other disciplines because they never learn the language of music. Many can play this way for years (and become quite accomplished, although it is rare) however they eventually find themselves missing something. I get a handful of students like this every year and the answer is always going back the basics.
- Teaching tab – The best thing to do is teach students how to use tab responsibly. Tablature is out there, and your students are going to use it no matter what. I teach them the good and bad while emphasizing that learning to read proper music notation is absolutely the most important thing. | <urn:uuid:399d10fb-052c-4429-bd3d-760049c62f41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://studiohelper.com/articles/uncategorized/tablature-how-to-teach-it-responsibly/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.96446 | 679 | 3.609375 | 4 |
How to Install Anchor Bolts for a Pedestal Sink
A pedestal sink is an attractive alternative to a typical bathroom vanity-and-sink combination. While you lose the storage afforded by a vanity, the thin, elegant pedestal takes up less space and gives the bathroom a cleaner, tidier look. The weight of the sink is supported by the pedestal, while the back of the sink is secured to the wall. Studs or solid wood blocking between studs are required in the wall before the sink can be installed.
Place the sink on top of the pedestal, with the back of the sink against the wall.
Place a bubble level on top of the sink and check that it is level in two directions: parallel to the wall and perpendicular to the wall.
Place a pencil through the sink's mounting flange holes and mark the wall for drilling locations. If the sink mounts with a bracket, locate the bracket according to the manufacturer's instructions and mark the hole locations.
Pre-drill the wall at mounting locations. The size of drill bit is specified in the instructions provided with the sink.
Screw the mounting bracket, if the sink requires one, to the wall with lag screws, using an adjustable wrench.
Lift the back of the sink into position, over the mounting bracket. Install the anchor bolts and washers through the mounting flange holes, then tighten them with an adjustable wrench. If the bolts tighten directly against the sink's flange, be sure not to over-tighten them, as the porcelain may crack.
- If there are no studs or wood blocking behind the sink, toggle bolts may be used to secure the sink or mounting bracket to the wall. Use heavy duty toggle bolts with a high weight rating.
Emrah Oruc is a general contractor, freelance writer and former race-car mechanic who has written professionally since 2000. He has been published in "The Family Handyman" magazine and has experience as a consultant developing and delivering end-user training. Oruc holds a Bachelor of Arts in political science and a minor in economics from the University of Delaware. | <urn:uuid:2eb1ed04-7fa6-4f6b-9489-76e2b3f54142> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://homeguides.sfgate.com/install-anchor-bolts-pedestal-sink-50420.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.925155 | 478 | 1.710938 | 2 |
With the aim of presenting the activities and structure of the European Council for Juvenile Justice (ECJJ) to representatives of public administrations, universities and NGOs involved in the field of juvenile justice in Europe, three cooperation meetings were organised in Paris and Brussels towards the end of 2009. In each of the meetings, the specificities of one particular section of the European Council for Juvenile Justice were addressed. The meetings organised also gave the members of the Council the opportunity to meet for the first time, and discuss contemporary issues in the field of juvenile justice.
On the 30th of November and the 1st of December 2009, the first cooperation meeting of the ECJJ was held in Paris under the aegis of the French Ministry of Justice. Titled “Towards a European Common Strategy in Juvenile Justice”, this meeting presented the goals and the further functioning of the ECJJ to representatives of national bodies in charge of juvenile justice. Hence, the Paris meeting gathered members of Departments and Ministries of Justice from the twenty-seven Member States of the European Union. This meeting also constituted the first meeting of the Public Administration Section of the ECJJ.
The second cooperation meeting was organised on the 2nd and 3rd of December 2009 in Brussels. This meeting gathered organisations and professionals active in the field of juvenile justice with a thorough field understanding and experience with interventions on the ground in the Member States of the European Union. The meeting in Brussels was the first meeting of what would become the NGO Section of the ECJJ. During this meeting, the goals and the further functioning of the European Council for Juvenile Justice were presented under the title: “A Key Message from NGOs across Europe”. Lastly, the meeting organised in Brussels gave the then upcoming members of the Council’s NGO section the opportunity to determine the aspects of juvenile justice they wished to work on during the following months and encounters.
The third and final meeting organised in late 2009 gave academics working in the field of juvenile justice the opportunity to gather for the first time, and to learn about the goals and further functioning of the ECJJ. Moreover, this meeting enabled the participants to discuss and address relevant issues and topics in the field of juvenile justice. Held on the 16th and 17th of December 2009 under the aegis of the French Ministry of Justice in Paris, this meeting also provided for the establishment of the Academic Section of the ECJJ, and closed the first round of Council meetings. | <urn:uuid:5f734318-975e-4e77-b167-dbddb82ce956> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ejjc.org/first-meeting-ecjj-2009-paris-and-brussels | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.962652 | 499 | 1.710938 | 2 |
About Red Eye Flights
Whether you are a frequent traveler or not, you’ve most likely heard about the term red-eye flight. You must be curious about what exactly is the red-eye flight and what are the pros and cons?
Red Eye Flights are flights that take off late at night and arrive early in the morning. Generally, these types of flights take off after 9 P.M. and arrive at the destination by 5 to 6 a.m. So, basically at midnight, you will be in the air when you typically would be asleep. Most passengers don’t prefer to travel on these flights as these flights are exhausting. In the earlier days, the airport was not equipped with the night staff or equipment to offer red-eye-flights. One of the major side effects of losing sleep is the red and tired eyes. Sometimes flying through these flights lets you save your time and helps in connecting the early-morning flights. Here’s what you should know before traveling from the Red Eye Flights:
Preparing yourself for the Red Eye Flights
Planning to fly from a Red Eye Flight?
You need to be prepared to fly with a Red Eye-Flights which is a bit different from normal flights. Let’s have a look at some of the best tips:
It may look illogical but if you can book a flight that leaves after 10 p.m. then you may have a better chance at actually getting a nap. If the flight takes off close to your regular bedtime then you are more likely to get tired once you get settled in your seat.
Comfort should always come first while traveling. From the fuzzy PJs to the Loose-fitting fabrics, there are several things that you can wear while traveling with a red-eye flight. Breathable fabrics are the perfect clothing to wear to get a goodnight sleep during the flight. Also, do not forget to wear an extra pair of socks in case you get cold at mid-flight which can often happen.
Not every time Airline’s blankets remain cozy, which is why sometimes you are charged extra for it. The similar goes for the neck pillow if you want something soft to lean against.
This will minimize your chance of sleep interruptions from the person next to you trying to get past to use the restroom and will give you a place to rest your head.
Advantages of Red Eye Flights
Before taking a red-eye-flight, the fate of the flight will depend on a few factors like how you are prepared and how well you do with sleeping on planes. The main advantage of traveling from Red-Eye Flights is that you can catch the next morning’s flights and save time as well and the biggest con is the potential for a sleepless night especially if you are in the middle seat where comfortability is a tough challenge. Also, the red-eye flights are much cheaper than the flights at other times. Moreover, the cons of traveling from the Red-Eye Flights are the potential for a sleepless night.
How to Survive a red eye flight
You are prepped, you are booked and now you are ready to take off. What’s next? Well, to survive the Red-Eye Flights there are a few things that you can do to help to make this process easier and possible.
Since you’ll want a goodnight nap during the journey it’s a good idea to have a meal before boarding the flight. For a perfect sleep on flight, it is better to have a balanced and nutritious meal like salad or lean protein which includes salmon or grilled chicken. Do Avoid anything spicy, processed, or salty that can all lead to bloating discomfort.
Before flying with a Red-Eye flight, it is best to avoid the consumption of alcohol and caffeine which will help induce sleep. It might help you fall asleep but it won’t be a restful one.
Maintain much of what you normally would do before bed while getting prepared for the red-eye flight. So that you’re mentally prepared to sleep, wash your face, brush your teeth, prepare your blanket, and put on your extra pair of socks.
Before landing at your destination, it is best if you set an alarm to wake you up 45 minutes before your scheduled landing. So that you can be well-prepared for the landing.
Don’t Forget to carry Red Eye Flight Essentials
For Red-eye Flights, there are some things which you can carry to ease your travel from the Red eye flights. Surviving a Red-eye flight is not easy. To survive a Redeye flight there are some things that you should carry to ease your travel through these flights. There are some essentials which you should not forget to carry while traveling:
Is traveling from the Red Eye Flights worth it?
Traveling from the Red-Eye Flights isn’t the most ideal but it definitely has some perks. By taking RedEye flights you are not using your vacation days on travel time whereas an overnight flight means that you will land in the morning, getting an entire day to explore. Moreover, by traveling with RedEye Flights you will also save your extra expense on flight tickets. If you are habitual of sleeping anywhere then the redeye flights are best for traveling. | <urn:uuid:91bfc160-b833-4088-b855-01cfd77cfb8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lowestflightfare.com/experience-travel-red-eye-flights/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.955122 | 1,103 | 1.6875 | 2 |
The Land Monitor project is a collaboration across government generating state-wide information products using state-of-the-art techniques to enable evidence based decision making for the benefit of WA. This map service provides access to Landsat satellite image mosaics, salinity maps, vegetation maps, digital elevation models and other map datasets. The project covers the south-west of Western Australia's agricultural area until 2017, then state-wide coverage for vegetation from 2018 onwards.
Press the green button to launch the Landmonitor map viewer.
Imagery, Location Intelligence
1 Midland Square
Midland WA 6056 | <urn:uuid:492c384d-1a75-460c-96a7-53b455466a39> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://landmonitor.landgate.wa.gov.au:443/home.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.858976 | 126 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Apothecary Clear Glass Bottle Container, Used For Crude Drugs, 1800's.
Apothecary Hand Blown Clear Glass Bottle Container, Used For Crude Drugs, Bottle Containing a Brown Powder Substance, No Label Under Glass, 1800's Victorian, Civil War Era.
Label Under Glass Bottles Enjoyed Their Peak Popularity From The 1800s To The Early 1900s. They Were Used for Storage Of Many Acids and Bases, as Well as Stock Compounding Solutions Used By Many Pharmacists Of That Time.
Some Glass Apothecary Bottles Employed an Ornate Label That was Covered By a Thin Layer Of Glass To Prevent Damage To The Label. These Labels Were Often Gold-Leafed and Were Visually Attractive as Well as Functional. The Contents Were Listed On The Label Often In Latin, Which was The Language Of Medicine Up Until Recent Times.
Item Code - GLA5A10106LGA
Width: 2 7/8" Height: 8 7/8" Depth: 2 7/8" Weight: 616 g
We Also Recommend
Murano Style Vase, Hand Blown Studio Art Glass, Iridescent Red & Gold.
Murano Style Bulbous Glass Vase Multiple Colours Bulbs Reduce In Size.
Murano Glass Vase Multiple Colours Round Base Bulb Center Ruffled Lip. | <urn:uuid:532f3102-0e0a-4af2-ba1e-79992f83d624> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.roadshowcollectibles.ca/products/apothecary-hand-blown-clear-glass-bottle-container-used-for-crude-drugs-bottle-containing-a-brown-powder-substance-no-label-1800s-victorian-civil-war-era | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.79558 | 288 | 1.617188 | 2 |
1. Sediment plays a key role in organic matter (OM) and internal nutrient cycling in lakes. The role of sediment as a source of OM and its potential bottom-up effects on the pelagic food web have rarely been studied. Particularly, the influence of the biochemical composition of sediment OM on pelagic compartments remains largely unknown.
2. During a 5-month experiment, we studied the influence of two different sediments added at the bottom of large replicated mesocosms on the biomass of seston and zooplankton, and their elemental and lipid compositions. The influence of sediment treatments on sedimentation rates, elemental and biochemical compositions and potential biodegradability of recently sedimented OM (c. 1 week) was also examined.
3. The two added sediments (S-1 and S-2) presented contrasting elemental and biochemical compositions and potential biodegradabilities. According to their contents of organic carbon, nitrogen, proteins, sugars and polyunsaturated fatty acids, S-2 appeared to be much more biodegradable than S-1. Therefore, the S-2 sediment was expected to release more nutrients and OM to the water column than S-1, leading to changes in communities, stoichiometry and lipid compositions of pelagic compartments.
4. Probably due to its very poor content of labile compounds, the presence of S-1 at the bottom of the mesocosms did not induce changes in the biomass of seston and zooplankton. Only few changes in the stoichiometry of these compartments were observed. In contrast, S-2 sediment released more phosphorus and dissolved OM into the water column than S-1. As a result, the S-2 treatment induced an increase in seston biomass and therefore in zooplankton biomass via herbivory.
5. None of the sediment treatments affected the lipid composition of seston and zooplankton. Moreover, neither S-1 nor S-2 induced changes in the sedimentation rates, elemental and lipid compositions, and potential biodegradability of recent sediments. Our mesocosm experiment suggests that differences in the quality of lake sediments lead to moderate changes in the pelagic communities in the absence of planktivorous or omnivorous fish.
6. Our results could partly explain the efficiency of biomanipulation for improving water quality of eutrophic lakes despite potential nutrient release from sediment.
- Lipid Biomarkers
- Nutrient Release
- Organic Matter
- Pelagic Compartments
- Sediment Biodegradability | <urn:uuid:a43e716d-8487-4871-9b5b-98e56cac1744> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/bottom-up-effects-of-lake-sediment-on-pelagic-food-web-compartmen | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.931307 | 538 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Drainage issues are typically resolved by installing French drains along the foundation’s perimeter or along the inside of the foundation. As a leading French drain contractor, Foundation Doctor installs them around foundations or in crawl spaces to help eliminate excessive water and move it away from the foundation.
Contact the French Drain Experts
Fix your home's drainage issues by having Foundation Doctor install a French drain. Don't wait another minute.
How Do French Drains Work?
The purpose of installing French drains around foundations is to transport water to a safe distance from the house. They are sometimes called footing drains because they are installed around the footing of the home. It collects excess water and directs it into a trench filled with gravel. From there, it travels into perforated piping at the bottom of the trench. It then moves through the piping to either a sump pump or a lower area for proper drainage away from the home.
What Are the Varieties of French Drains?
There are two main types of French drains that are installed depending on the conditions around the property. One of these is an open-trench design that is used in areas where surface water moves quickly. Usually, gravel or stone is placed on top of the pipes to allow more runoff to enter them. This variety is most commonly utilized in areas where aesthetics are important, because the natural look of the stones creates a pleasing appearance.
The other type of these drains is buried a few inches underneath lawn areas. They are used most frequently to help keep grassy areas dry and prevent pooling and flooding. They work well in these situations because they provide effective drainage while preserving the look and functionality of the grass.
How Are French Drains Installed?
When you hire us to install a French drain around your foundation, we begin by inspecting it and noting any areas where water may collect. Based on our observations, we will recommend the optimal configuration to ensure it is drained effectively away from your home or business. We also design these systems to prevent them from becoming clogged with dirt, rocks or debris.
When it comes time to install them, we begin by digging the trench. Once this step is completed, it is time to lay the piping that will serve as the conduit for the runoff. If you choose an open-trench option, we then cover it with natural stone or gravel. If you prefer to leave your lawns looking unchanged, we will cover the pipes with soil and turf to keep it looking just as it did before we started working.
We’re the most experienced French drain installation company in the area. When you put our expertise to work for you for French drain repair or installation, you’ll receive outstanding, courteous service. If you’re ready to start the process of protecting your property, connect with us today! | <urn:uuid:a0deaacf-73ec-4045-82c1-8ee6cd0e4a62> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.foundationdoctornc.com/services/french-drain-installation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.953547 | 581 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Is the passing reference made by the apex court in the Nupur Sharma case proving to be a remedy worse than the malady? “If judicial review means anything, it means that judicial restraint does not allow everything.” This insightful statement of Don Willet, reputed judge of the American Court of Appeal, seems to be a prophetic assessment of the state of the Indian judiciary. Considered then and still the bulwark of justice and fair play, the Indian judicial system, at times, nurtures loose cannons much to the chagrin of the learned judges and the man on the street. Offering the proverbial stitch in time, the President of India Shri Ramnath Kovind had to remind the judicial fraternity, ”Indiscreet remarks, even made with good intentions, give room for dubious interpretations”.
Judges themselves committing contempt of court are not unknown though rare in judicial history. It is not time to forget the case of Justice Karnan of Calcutta High Court who was sentenced to imprisonment for six months on the charge of contempt of court.
Judiciary itself rising to the occasion as the saviour of the court’s dignity and objectivity is a great saving grace of the Indian judicial system. “All the rights secured to the citizens under constitution are worth nothing and a mere bubble, except when guaranteed to them by an independent and virtuous judiciary,” says Andrew Jackson, the former President of United States.
Concepts and postulates apart, any system is evaluated by the common man on the time tested axiom, ‘proof of the pudding is in the eating’. A bewildered public received with alarm, the passing reference of the vacation bench of the Supreme Court of India in the Nupur Sharma case. The court has held her as the one responsible for setting the nation on fire. The Judges faulted her for ‘irresponsible statements without thinking of the ramifications and consequences that it will have on the fabric of society ‘. The court observed in unambiguous terms, “She should have immediately apologised for her comments to the whole country.” The court also came to the conclusion “she actually has a loose tongue and has made all kinds of irresponsible statements on TV”. The most unkindest cut of all on Nupur is the court’s observation that she has “set the entire country on fire”. In the backdrop of the gruesome murder of tailor Kanhaiya Lal in Udaipur, the court’s observation appears to be an implied approval of the act of manslaughter. “This lady is single handedly responsible for what is happening in this country,“ is the anvil ding, which came from the vacation bench. The confused citizenry is raising a few questions.
- Does not the rule of law enjoin upon the Judge, the mandatory grant of an opportunity of being heard, to the offender. Has Nupur Sharma been given this opportunity before pronouncing her as the mother of all mayhem, in the aftermath of her TV statement?
- Without any specific complaint before it, has not the court held her as the offender and punished her as the one responsible for setting the country on fire. The punishment suggested for her is loud and clear, apologise to the whole country. The man on the street is asking: Can the prosecutor and the judge be one and the same?
- Will any court she approaches give her a fair deal in the light of the hard hitting observations of the apex court? Like the crowd in Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, the common man in India, is also saying, ‘we shall be satisfied, let us be satisfied’.
Who can satisfy the inquisitive minds of the common man, who are at a loss to understand the cause and justification of the scathing observations of the Hon’ble Supreme Court? Judiciary has time and again proved ‘where there is a will, there is a way ‘. The judiciary also has an inbuilt system for spring cleaning and internal cleansing. The nation witnessed four judges of the apex court themselves telling their brethren, this much and no further.
Justices Chelameswar, Ranjan Gogoi, Kurian Joseph and Madan Lokur held a press conference and pulled up the then Chief Justice for the glaring irregularities in the administration of the Apex Court. They had written a letter to the Chief Justice, pointing out certain lapses and improprieties which called for immediate corrective measures. Ironically, the Justices did not get justice from their Chief Justice. Justice Chelameswar is on record: ”We are convinced that unless corrective steps are taken immediately, the judiciary will lose its tag, an essential hallmark of the vibrant democracy .“ As John Marshall observes, ”What is that makes us trust our judges? Their independence in office and manner of appointment. “
The sinister implications of the passing observations of the two judges should disturb any sensitive soul. Is the court approving retaliatory violence by unruly mobs on the basis of an ’irresponsible’ statement made by an individual? Does it mean that the law and order machinery and the Constitution will cease to be operative at the slightest provocation by a loquacious person?
The plea of Nupur was to club all the FIR’s against her, in various states and bring the matter for consideration of the court, in Delhi. The reason for this was the threat to her life. When this request was denied by the court and the violence which happened in the country, in the recent past , was ignored or impliedly endorsed , does the court mean that she does not deserve security to her life or she should fend for herself. Is it not a denial of the fundamental right of life? Is the court abdicating its right and duty to defend the citizen’s fundamental right to life? Is the court leaving the right to decide on religious disputes to the fanatics or the lumpen proletariat? This may even open up avenues of avengers from Pakistan and Bangladesh, infiltrating into India to commit heinous crimes in the name of religion. Remember, India does not have a fool-proof registry of its citizens .Is the court turning a blind eye towards the constitutional right for freedom of expression. Article 19 of the Constitution clearly lays down, all citizens have a right to freedom of expression. Are we going away from the fundamentals of judicial prudence in this country?
Separation of powers is sacrosanct to the democratic framework of Bharat. The Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary should ensure that they keep themselves within the limits. Every public functionary, including the judges, is accountable to the people. It is ‘we the people’, who gave the constitution to ‘ourselves’. Therefore, no institution under democracy can do whatever it likes. Bharat will respect what the Judiciary does, not whatever it does. With the judiciary in the dock, the common man can only say, ‘physician heal thyself’.
Judges themselves committing contempt of court is not unknown though rare in judicial history. It is not time to forget the case of Justice Karnan of Calcutta High Court who was sentenced to imprisonment for six months on the charge of contempt of court
Here is Francis Bacon, himself a judge, on the qualities of a good judge, said “Judges ought to be more leaned than witty, more reverent than plausible, and more advised than confident. Above all things, integrity is their portion and proper virtue.”
The nation expects the highest dignity, decorum, and poise from the honourable Judges. The nation is ready to honour them, if they decide to be honourable. It should never be like what Alexander Pope laments, ”Hungry judges soon the sentence sign, and wretches hang that jury men may dine .”
Chanakya’s prescription for the judges still holds good,”It is the power of punishment alone when exercised impartially in proportion to the guilt, and irrespective of whether the person punished is the King’s son or an enemy, that protects this world and the next.” | <urn:uuid:8b5fa0ab-697b-4ab7-8c34-f7ccf7900d7e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://organiser.org/2022/07/13/89185/bharat/judicialoveractivism-judiciary-in-the-dock/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.955728 | 1,681 | 2 | 2 |
Every now and then a book appears that can be instantly recognized as essential for its field—a work that must become standard reading if that field is to be purged of needless confusion and fortified against future errors of the same general kind. Such a book is Remembering Trauma, by the Harvard psychology professor Richard J. McNally. To be sure, the author’s intention is not revolutionary but only consolidating; he wants to show what has already been learned, through well-designed experiments and analyses of records, about the effects that psychological trauma typically exerts on our memory. But what has been learned is not what is widely believed, and McNally is obliged to clear away a heap of junk theory. In doing so, he provides a brilliant object lesson in the exercise of rational standards that are common to every science deserving of the name.
McNally’s title Remembering Trauma neatly encapsulates the opposing views that, for a whole generation now, have made the study of trauma into psychology’s most fiercely contested ground. Are scarring experiences well remembered in the usual sense of the term, or can some of them be remembered only much later, after the grip of a self-protective psychological mechanism has been relaxed? This is the pivotal issue that McNally decisively resolves. In the process, he also sheds light on a number of related questions. Does memory of trauma stand apart neurologically from normal memory? Does a certain kind of traumatic experience leave recognizable long-term effects that can vouch for its historical reality? What memory problems typify post-traumatic stress disorder, and does the disorder itself “occur in nature” or is it a cultural construct? And is memory retrieval a well-tested and effective means of helping adults to shed depression, anxiety, and other psychological afflictions?
One extended trauma, a public one, that won’t be soon forgotten by the involved parties is central to McNally’s argument. I refer to the great sex panic that gripped this continent from about 1985 to 1994. It wasn’t just an epidemic of runaway fear, rumor, and persecution but a grimly practical test of the theories whose currency made it possible. And the theories at issue were precisely those that are exhaustively reviewed in Remembering Trauma. McNally uses that chapter of our history to show just how much damage can be done when mistaken ideas about the mind get infused with ideological zeal.
In the 1980s, as McNally relates, day care workers risked prosecution and imprisonment on the coerced testimony of bewildered and intimidated three-year-olds who were prodded to “remember” nonexistent molestations. Meanwhile, poorly trained social workers, reasoning that signs of sexual curiosity in children must be “behavioral memories” of rape, were charging parents with incest and consigning their stunned offspring to foster homes. And most remarkably, whole communities were frantically attempting to expose envisioned covens of Satan worshipers who were said, largely on the basis of hypnotically unlocked “memories,” to be raising babies for sexual torture, ritual murder, and cannibal feasts around the patio grill.
In the same period many psychotherapists, employing hypnosis, dream analysis, “guided imagery,” “age regression,” and other suggestion-amplifying devices, persuaded their mostly female patients to “remember” having been molested by their fathers or stepfathers through much of their childhood, in some cases with the active participation of their mothers. The “perpetrators” thus fingered were devastated, embittered, and often publicly shamed, and only a minority of their accusers eventually recanted. Many, in fact, fell in with their therapists’ belief that young victims of sexual trauma, instead of consciously recalling what was done to them, are likely to develop multiple personalities. Disintegrating further, those unfortunates were then sent off to costly “dissociative identity” wards, where their fantasies of containing five, a dozen, or even hundreds of inner selves were humored until their insurance coverage expired and they were abandoned in a crazed condition. At the height of the scare, influential traumatologists were opining that “between twenty and fifty percent of psychiatric patients suffer from dissociative disorders”1—disorders whose reported incidence plummeted toward zero as soon as some of the quacks who had promoted them began to be sued for malpractice.2
What we experienced, McNally shows, was a perfect storm, with forces for mischief converging from every side. The fraudulent 1973 bestseller Sybil had already helped to relaunch the long-dormant fad of multiple personality and to link it to childhood sexual abuse.3 Beginning in the early 1980s, the maverick Swiss psychoanalyst Alice Miller taught many American readers what Sigmund Freud had once believed, that memories of early abuse are typically repressed and must be therapeutically unlocked if the resultant neuroses are to be cured. Jeffrey Masson’s melodramatic book The Assault on Truth (1984), misrepresenting Freud’s “seduction” patients as self-aware incest victims rather than as the doubters that they remained, fanned the feminist anger that Miller had aroused, encouraging women to believe that molestation by fathers must be pervasive.4 Self-help manuals such as The Courage to Heal (1988) then equipped scientifically ignorant psychotherapists with open-ended “symptom checklists,” ensuring that their patients would be diagnosed as suffering from buried memories of violation. And all the while, Geraldo Rivera and less cynical alarmists were whipping up fear of murderous devil cults.
If the origins of our mass delusion were complex, its dissipation in the mid-1990s is easily explained. Like the Salem witch hunt three centuries earlier, the sex panic had no internal brake that could prevent its accusations from racing beyond all bounds of credibility. The stirring motto “Believe the children” began to sound hollow when preschoolers who finally agreed that they must have been inappropriately touched went on to describe having been dropped into a pool of sharks or turned into a mouse. The medical records of some alleged rape victims showed that they had still been virgins at a later period. In one notorious case, influential at first in promoting recovered memory but later in discrediting it, a woman who got her father sentenced to life in prison for a murder/rape she had remembered in hypnotic trances went on to recall his killing of another person who proved to be wholly imaginary. And many patients, when urged to dig deeper after producing a vague scene or two, reduced the process to self-travesty by conjuring surreal orgies with Daddy’s bridge partners, visiting uncles, and the family pets.
One recovered memory case in particular, less absurd than most but nevertheless lacking in prima facie plausibility, set in motion what the movement’s loyalists now bitterly characterize as “the backlash.” In 1991 the future “betrayal trauma” psychologist Jennifer J. Freyd, after her therapist had pointedly asked her in their second encounter whether she had ever been abused, suddenly “remembered” that her father had continually molested her between the ages of three and sixteen. It was Freyd’s mother, Pamela, convinced that she would surely have noticed some effects of countless domestic sex crimes against her daughter, who then made contact with other recently accused parents and established the False Memory Syndrome Foundation. Under Pamela Freyd’s leadership, the foundation (on whose advisory board I serve) gathered and disseminated the most authoritative scientific judgments about trauma, memory, and suggestive influence—judgments that swayed enough jurists, legislators, and journalists to bring a healthy skepticism into play.
What put Jennifer Freyd’s “memories” in question wasn’t just their dissonance with her mother’s close observation. By alleging fourteen years’ worth of molestations that had been unknown to her conscious mind prior to a therapist’s prompting, Freyd was invoking an outlandish new defense mechanism. Granted, some psychologists still believed in repression, or the sequestering of a disagreeable thought or memory inside “the unconscious”; and others subscribed to dissociation, the more radical knack of “splitting the self” so quickly that no narrative memory of the trauma gets formed at all. But Freyd’s story, like many others that surfaced during the sex panic, stretched those principles to cover any number of serial traumatic incidents, as if a person could be subjected to the same outrage hundreds of times without taking cognitive note of it.
This cumulative forgetting of harmful experience is what the social psychologist Richard Ofshe disdainfully named robust repression—a startlingly maladaptive behavior that, if actual, ought to have aroused wonder and consternation from the earliest times until now, if indeed it didn’t lead to the extinction of our species. Before the American 1980s, however, it had apparently never once been remarked. Could robust repression itself have been robustly repressed throughout the millennia?
Most recovered memory advocates have ducked the conundrum of robust repression, and some have dismissed it as an alien notion devised by their adversaries. But the alleged phenomenon, McNally shows, is nothing other than the “massive repression” posited by such prominent traumatologists as Judith Lewis Herman, Judith L. Alpert, Lenore C. Terr, and Jennifer J. Freyd herself, each of whom understood that claims of sudden access to a long string of previously unsuspected horrors require a basis in theory. What could that basis be? McNally makes short work of the only systematic attempts, Terr’s and Freyd’s, to maintain that serial traumas are easier to forget than single ones. Moreover, all such efforts are doomed to be question begging, because the only evidence favoring robust repression consists of the very memories whose authenticity hangs in doubt.
The same stricture applies, however, to repression and dissociation per se. Those notions became current in the 1880s and 1890s when Freud and Pierre Janet independently attempted to trace the then fashionable complaint of hysteria to pathogenic hidden memories and to expunge the ailment through hypnotically induced recall. Freud, by far the more influential figure, clung to repression—though rendering it progressively more elastic and ambiguous—even while repeatedly distancing himself from the diagnostic and curative claims he had inferred from its supposed workings.
Before he was finished, Freud had conceived of repression as both a conscious and an unconscious process acting upon feelings, thoughts, ideas, and fantasies as well as memories. Such profligacy left repression without any operational meaning; “the repressed” was simply any material that Freud, who was given to ascribing his own punning associations to his patients’ minds, chose to identify as having been dismissed from awareness. Yet the long vogue of psychoanalysis kept the concept alive, enabling it to be virulently readapted, a century after its formal introduction, to the same task of recruiting patients to victimhood that had preoccupied its champion in 1895-96.
As McNally explains through deftly analyzed examples, it isn’t just therapists and their patients who fail to ask prudent questions about the repression or dissociation of trauma. The body of research purporting to validate those mechanisms is riddled with procedural errors, most of which stem from naÌøve trust in the retrospection of subjects who have already been led to believe that they must have undergone a trauma that was then sequestered from memory. Along with such other inquirers as David Holmes and Harrison G. Pope, Jr., McNally understands that a good test of repression or dissociation has to be prospective. That is, it must track down people who are known with certainty to have lived through ordeals that would be expected to have triggered a self-protective loss of memory, and it must then ascertain how many of those people are unable to recall the event.
Holocaust survivors make up the most famous class of such subjects, but whatever group or trauma is chosen, the upshot of well-conducted research is always the same. Like Holmes and Pope, McNally finds that no unanswerable evidence has been adduced to prove that anyone, anywhere, has ever repressed or dissociated the memory of any occurrence. Traumatic experiences may not always remain in the forefront of memory, but, unlike “repressed” ones, they can be readily called to mind again. Unless a victim received a physical shock to the brain or was so starved or sleep deprived as to be thoroughly disoriented at the time, those experiences are typically better remembered than ordinary ones. Thus Judith Herman’s much-quoted maxim, “The ordinary response to atrocities is to banish them from consciousness,”5 would appear to be exactly opposite to the truth. And once that fact is understood, the improvised and precarious edifice of recovered memory theory collapses into rubble.
It would be a serious mistake, however, to assume that reckless traumatology has now been permanently laid to rest. The conviction that fathers are naturally prone to incestuous rape is still current. In some academic departments, a dogged literalism about the repression/dissociation of trauma has become oddly wedded to postmodernist suspicion of science.6 Furthermore, most of the “trauma centers” that sprang up in the 1990s to study and treat psychogenic amnesia are still operating under the same premises as before. As for the theoreticians of recovered memory, they continue to use their positions of authority in universities, hospitals, and professional organizations to advance the views whose hollowness McNally has exposed, and they can still count on a surprising level of support from their colleagues.
Consider, in this regard, the following example of deafness to the lessons of the sex panic. Each year the American Psychiatric Association, the body that sets the most basic guidelines for sound practice in our mental health professions, bestows its Manfred S. Guttmacher Award on what it deems to be the best recent publication on legal psychiatry. The prize for 1999 went to a 768-page tome by Daniel Brown, Alan W. Scheflin, and D. Corydon Hammond, Memory, Trauma Treatment, and the Law. The authors characterize themselves as “voices of moderation in the middle” opposing “zealots on both sides” (p. 1). Their book, however, consists largely of sophistical pleading for already lost causes: the forensic value of therapeutically retrieved memories, the genuineness of multiple personality disorder, the likelihood that some reports of ritual abuse cults are accurate, and the desirability of allowing evidence obtained through hypnosis to be admissible in court.
Memory, Trauma Treatment, and the Law isn’t just a disingenuous book, hiding its partisanship behind a screen of sanctimony; it is also a noxious one. Lightly granting the possibility that therapy may occasionally lead to pseudomemories, it trivializes the problem, deeming it serious only “when the patient takes legal action or publically [sic] discloses abuse” (p. 37)—as if the suffering of privately shattered families counted for nothing. And the book’s strategy of superficially “reviewing the literature,” citing both skeptical and (always more numerous) credulous studies and then tilting the scales toward the latter, merely simulates scientific neutrality.
These authors’ activism in the cause of recovered memory was well known long before they collaborated on their prize-winning volume. Daniel Brown and Alan Scheflin had often served as expert witnesses minimizing the hazards of memory retrieval, claiming to have found overwhelming experimental support for the concept of repression, and denying that a therapist could ever deceive a patient into thinking that she suffered from multiple personality; and their collaborative papers were similarly one-sided.7 In 1995, moreover, Scheflin had delivered a warmly received address to a Texas conference held by the Society for the Investigation, Treatment and Prevention of Ritual and Cult Abuse, whose other speakers asserted, inter alia, that there were 500 Satanic cults in New York City alone, committing 4000 human sacrifices per year, that Bill Clinton was serving as the Antichrist in the worldwide Satanic fraternity of the Illuminati and that the False Memory Syndrome Foundation is “a Central Intelligence Agency action.” Expressing solidarity with the assembled psychotherapists whose diagnoses of ritual abuse were exposing them to malpractice suits, Scheflin counseled them on the best means of foiling the legal machinations of “the false memory people,” whom he characterizes as “the enemy.”8
But it is hypnotherapist D. Corydon Hammond, well known for his low regard for experimental research on memory,9 whose name on the title page of Memory, Trauma Treatment, and the Law ought to have prompted especial wariness among the Guttmacher judges. Like Scheflin, Hammond has affirmed the reality of both Satanic abuse cults and multiple personality disorder. But whereas Scheflin stops short of asserting a proven link between those two phenomena, Hammond is on record as a flamboyant true believer.
In a notorious 1992 lecture at a conference on sexual abuse and MPD, Hammond revealed his conviction that many MPD sufferers have acquired their split personalities through subjection, from early childhood onward, to ritual sexual abuse, sadistic torture, and mind control programming. The aim of the programmers, he disclosed, has been to produce remotely guided “alters” who, unbeknownst to their core selves, will be slaves to a worldwide intergenerational cult that is organized into “Illuminatic councils.” The cult, said Hammond, is headed by a shadowy “Dr. Greenbaum,” a Hasidic Jewish collaborator with the Nazis who once assisted in death camp experiments and later used the CIA to further his nefarious ends. “My best guess,” Hammond confided,
. . . is that they want an army of Manchurian Candidates, tens of thousands of mental robots who will do prostitution, do child pornography, smuggle drugs, engage in international arms smuggling, do snuff films, . . . and eventually the megalomaniacs at the top believe they’ll create a Satanic order that will rule the world.10
These colorful fantasies are significant, but not because they point to a failure of reality testing on Hammond’s part. Closely related ideas were voiced in the heyday of the recovered memory movement by other prominent MPD specialists such as Bennett Braun and Colin Ross. What matters is that Hammond and the others all claim to have learned about the grand cabal from their hypnotized patients, who, until they were placed in trances, hadn’t even known they were molestation victims, much less robotic smugglers, whores, and assassins.11 As Brown, Scheflin, and Hammond now put it in arguing in favor of hypnotically obtained evidence in the courtroom, “for some victims, hypnosis may provide the only avenue to the repressed memories” (p. 647). Exactly. Without that means of exchanging and embroidering false beliefs, Hammond himself could never have learned from his patients about the evil Dr. Greenbaum and his thirst for absolute power over us all.
The illogicalities and distortions in Memory, Trauma Treatment, and the Law do not go unremarked in McNally’s Remembering Trauma. Thus, when Brown et al. cite one study as evidence that “amnesia for Nazi Holocaust camp experiences has also been reported,” McNally quotes that study’s rather different conclusion: “There is no doubt that almost all witnesses remember Camp Erika in great detail, even after 40 years” (p. 192). And when Brown et al., again straining to make psychologically motivated amnesia look commonplace, cite another study to the effect that “two of the 38 children studied after watching lightning strike and kill a playmate had no memory of the event,” McNally informs us that those two children “had themselves been struck by side flashes from the main lightning bolt, knocked unconscious, and nearly killed” (p. 192).
Such corrections, however damning, are peripheral to McNally’s fundamental critique of Brown and his colleagues. The heart of the matter is that Brown et al. have miscast the entire debate over recovered memory by marshaling evidence against a straw-man “extreme false memory position.” Supposedly, the extremists hold that all refreshed memories of abuse are necessarily wrong. Then one could put the extremists in their place just by citing a few cases of authenticated recall. But as McNally shows, critics of recovered memory fully allow that a period of forgetfulness can precede a genuine recollection. Indeed, that pattern is just what we would expect if the young subject at the time of the act, never having been warned against sexual predators, was unsure how to regard that act. What the critics deny is that “memories” of trauma, surfacing for the first time many years later, are so intrinsically reliable that they can serve as useful evidence that the experience was real. Brown, Scheflin, and Hammond want that extremism to be embraced once again by the legal system that has finally learned to distrust it.
It would be reassuring to think that the the American Psychiatric Association’s Guttmacher jury merely skimmed Memory, Trauma Treatment, and the Law and misconstrued it as a bland eclectic survey. Already in 1991, however, another Guttmacher Award had been bestowed on co-author Scheflin for a work that made several of the same legal arguments.12 A more likely explanation for the subsequent prize is that Brown et al., having mounted a brief for the deep knowledge and expert testimony of theory-minded clinicians, were gratefully perceived as siding with mental health providers against their adversaries. If so, a larger question comes into view. What role did our major societies representing psychotherapists—the American Psychoanalytic Association, the American Psychological Association, and the American Psychiatric Association itself—play in condoning or actually facilitating the recovered memory movement, and how much enlightened guidance can we expect from them in the future?
As I have noted on several occasions,13 and as McNally confirms, in the 1990s recovered memory therapy made significant inroads into the practice of North American psychoanalysis. Even today, feminist clinicians bearing diplomas from analytic institutes are probing for missing memories of abuse and vigorously defending that practice in psychoanalytic books and journals. But the American Psychoanalytic Association, representing over 3,000 members, has turned a blind eye to this trend—and one can understand why. The psychoanalytic movement is already embattled, and too much about the historical ties between Freudianism and recovered memory would prove embarrassing if attention were called to it. The elected custodians of Freud’s legacy have no desire to confront his early phase as a self-deceived abuse detecter; or to admit the precedent he set, during that phase and thereafter, in treating dreams, tics, obsessional acts, and agitation in the consulting room as “behavioral memories” of inferrable traumas; or to revisit the grave doubts that have been raised about repression; or to be reminded of the way psychoanalysts, until quite recently, insulted real victims of molestation by telling them that their “screen memories” covered a repressed desire to have sex with their fathers.14 No longer given to excommunicating dissidents, the tottering Freudian patriarchy has made its peace with “recovered memory psychoanalysis” by pretending that it doesn’t exist.
The largest of the three societies riven by the issue of recovered memory, the 95,000-member American Psychological Association (hereafter APA), is nominally responsible for quality control in the administration of therapy by the nation’s clinical psychologists. Hence one APA division’s commendable effort in the 1990s to identify the most effective treatment methods for specific complaints such as phobias and obsessive-compulsive disorder. That initiative, however, met with disapproval from APA members whose favorite regimens had not been found to give superior results. Some practitioners worried that insurers would use the list of approved treatments as an excuse to cut off reimbursement for all but the preferred therapies, and others complained that the association seemed on the verge of putting soulless experimentation ahead of clinical know-how. For now at least, the organization as a whole is not recommending treatments, to say nothing of disavowing dangerous ones.15 Recovered memory thus gets the same free pass from the APA as “attachment therapy,” “therapeutic touch,” “eye movement desensitization and reprocessing,” “facilitated communication,” and the hypnotic debriefing of reincarnated princesses and UFO abductees.16
This reluctance to challenge the judgment of its therapist members is deeply rooted in the APA’s philosophy. Ever since 1971, when the association gave its blessing to Ph.D. and Psy.D. programs that omitted any scientific training, the APA has guided its course by reference to studies indicating that the intuitive competence of clinicians, not their adherence to one psychological doctrine or another, is what chiefly determines their effectiveness.17 Those studies, however, were conducted before recovered memory practitioners, using a mixture of peremptory guesswork and unsubstantiated theory, began wrenching patients away from their families and their remembered past.
In 1995 the APA did publish a brochure, “Questions and Answers about Memories of Childhood Abuse,” which can still be found on the “APA Online” Web site. The document combined some prudent advice to patients with soothing reassurance that “the issue of repressed or suggested memories has been overreported and sensationalized.” Further inquiry into the phenomenon, it said, “will profit from collaborative efforts among psychologists who specialize in memory research and those clinicians who specialize in working with trauma and abuse victims.”
But the APA directors already knew that such collaboration was impossible. In 1993 they had established a “task force,” the Working Group on the Investigation of Memories of Childhood Abuse, self-defeatingly composed of three research psychologists and three clinicians favorably disposed to retrieval, and the task force had immediately degenerated into caucusing and wrangling. After years of stalemate, the group predictably submitted two reports that clashed on every major point; and the abashed APA, presented with this vivid evidence that “clinical experience” can lead to scientific heterodoxy, declined to circulate photocopies of the two documents even to its own members except by individual demand.
Meanwhile, the organization repeatedly compromised its formal neutrality. In 1994, for example, the APA’s publishing house lent its prestigious imprint to a book that not only recommended recovered memory therapy but recycled the most heedless advice found in pop-psychological manuals. The book, Lenore E. A. Walker’s Abused Women and Survivor Therapy: A Practical Guide for the Psychotherapist, touted hypnotism as a legitimate means of gaining access to “buried memories of incest” and “different personalities” within the victim (pp. 425-426). Walker provided a list of telltale symptoms, any one of which might indicate a history of forgotten molestation. These included “ambivalent or conflict ridden relationships,” “poor body image,” “quiet-voiced,” “inability to trust or indiscriminate trust,” “high risk taking or inability to take risks,” “fear of losing control and need for intense control,” “great appreciation of small favors by others,” “no sense of humor or constant wisecracking,” and “blocking out early childhood years” (p. 113)—years which in fact are not remembered by anyone.
Then in 1996 the APA published and conspicuously endorsed another book, Recovered Memories of Abuse, aimed at equipping memory therapists and their expert witnesses with every argument and precaution that could thwart malpractice suits.18 The book’s co-authors were well-known advocates of recovered memory treatment, and one of them, Laura S. Brown, was actually serving at the time on the deadlocked task force. She had also supplied a foreword to Lenore Walker’s bumbling Abused Women and Survivor Therapy, calling it “invaluable and long overdue” (p. vii). Unsurprisingly, then, Recovered Memories of Abuse characterized false memory as an overrated problem and drew uncritically on much of the research whose weaknesses Richard McNally has now exposed. The APA’s unabated promotion of that book, even today, suggests that the organization remains more concerned with shielding its most wayward members than with warning the public against therapeutic snake oil.
There remains, once again, the American Psychiatric Association—“the voice and conscience of modern psychiatry,” as its Web site proclaims. Putting aside the fiasco of the 1999 Guttmacher Award, we might expect that a society representing 37,000 physicians, all of whom have been schooled in the standard of care that requires treatments to be tested for safety and effectiveness, would be especially vigilant against the dangers of retrieval therapy. Thus far, however, that expectation has not been fulfilled.
To be sure, the Psychiatric Association’s 1993 “Statement on Memories of Sexual Abuse” did warn clinicians not to “exert pressure on patients to believe in events that may not have occurred. . . .” Yet the statement inadvertently encouraged just such tampering by avowing that the “coping mechanisms” of molested youngsters can “result in a lack of conscious awareness of the abuse” and by characterizing “dissociative disorders” as a typical outcome of that abuse. Those remarks constituted a discreet but unmistakable vote of confidence in multiple personality disorder and its imagined sexual etiology. And indeed, a year later the fourth edition of the Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) reaffirmed the validity of MPD under the more dignified and marketable name of dissociative identity disorder.
The Psychiatric Association’s 1993 declaration on abuse memories performed still another service, a subtle one, for the repression/dissociation lobby. In explaining “implicit” memory—the kind that is exercised in the routine execution of skills or in the coloring of emotions by past impressions that aren’t being explicitly called to mind—the statement proffered a curiously strained example. “In the absence of explicit recall,” it said, implicit memory can torment “a combat veteran who panics when he hears the sound of a helicopter, but cannot remember that he was in a helicopter crash which killed his best friend.” Here was an elision of the crucial gap between merely not thinking about a past event, as in the normal operation of implicit memory, and having total, psychologically motivated amnesia for that event.
Knowledgeable readers would have seen that in taking this unusual step, the statement’s drafters were lending their authority to one controversial interpretation of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which the Psychiatric Association had first stamped as genuine in DSM-III of 1980. But why should a primarily martial ailment have figured even indirectly in a position paper on childhood sexual abuse? The mystery vanishes, however, if we know that the recovered memory movement’s favorite means of courting respectability has been to fold the symptoms of repressed/dissociated abuse into PTSD.
In 2000 the Psychiatric Association’s trustees, eschewing risky flights into theory, approved a lower-profile “Position Statement on Therapies Focused on Memories of Childhood Physical and Sexual Abuse.” This declaration, however, was more pussyfooting than its predecessor. The validity of recovered memory treatment, it whispered, “has been challenged” in some quarters. While pointing out that memories can be altered as a result of suggestions from “a trusted person or authority figure,” the drafters tactfully refrained from mentioning that the suggesting party is usually a therapist. And clinicians were advised to avoid “prejudging the veracity of the patient’s reports” of abuse, as if false reports were typically delivered to therapists out of the blue, without influence from confabulation-enhancing devices employed within the treatment. The absence of any mention of those devices, such as hypnosis and sodium amytal, marked a step backward from the association’s 1993 statement.
These equivocations neither helped nor impeded the already withering recovered memory movement. As we will now see, however, the movement’s hopes of a comeback have been pinned on the Psychiatric Association’s fateful decision to treat post-traumatic stress disorder as an integral and historically invariable malady. And that decision was a medically unwarranted one. As McNally indicates with reference to several recent studies, PTSD, like Victorian hysteria and like recovered memory itself, can now be understood as an artifact of its era—a sociopolitical invention of the post-Vietnam years, meant to replace “shell shock” and “combat fatigue” with an enduring affliction that would tacitly indict war itself as a psychological pathogen.19 However crippling the symptoms associated with it may be for many individuals, the PTSD diagnosis itself has proved to be a modern contagion.
Once certified by the American Psychiatric Association as natural and beyond the sufferer’s control, post-traumatic stress disorder began attracting claimants, both civilian and military, who schooled themselves in its listed symptoms and forged a new identity around remaining uncured. By now, as McNally relates, PTSD compensation is demanded for such complaints as “being fired from a job, one-mile-per-hour fender benders, age discrimination, living within a few miles of an explosion (although unaware that it had happened), and being kissed in public” (p. 281). According to Paula Jones among others, PTSD can even be the outcome of a consensual love affair. In view of such examples, the attempt to subsume forgotten abuse under post-traumatic stress makes more cultural than scientific sense; the same atmosphere of hypersensitivity and victimhood brought both diagnoses to life.20
As McNally shows in his concise and undemonstrative style, the national sex panic left its mark on each successive version of the Psychiatric Association’s bible, which in turn congealed folklore into dogma. The 1980 DSM-III entry on post-traumatic stress disorder, mindful only of wars and other shocking disasters, had defined a PTSD-triggering event as one that falls “generally outside the range of usual human experience” and that “would evoke significant symptoms of distress in almost everyone.” In 1994, however, the fourth edition generously expanded the category of precipitating causes to include “developmentally inappropriate sexual experiences without threatened or actual violence or injury.” Thus a single-minded therapeutic sleuth could now place a questionably retrieved incident of infantile genital fondling on the same etiological plane as the Bataan death march or an ambush in the Mekong Delta.
It was the diagnostic manual, once again, that removed the largest obstacle of all to the merger of post-traumatic stress and recovered memory. The key sign of PTSD, as first conceived, was that accurate recollections of the trauma keep intruding on the patient’s conscious mind; this was just the opposite of repressed or dissociated memory. But between DSM-III and its revised edition of 1987, PTSD patients were discovered to have been harboring a convenient new symptom. In 1980 they had shown only some incidental “memory impairment or trouble concentrating” on daily affairs, but the updated edition replaced routine forgetfulness with “inability to recall an important aspect of the trauma” (emphasis added).
This retroactive infusion of amnesia into the clinical picture of PTSD explains why the Psychiatric’ Association’s illustrative helicopter pilot could have been troubled by a memory that had left no conscious imprint on his mind. Here, too, was the opening needed to give dissociation an appearance of hard-scientific concreteness. Post-traumatic stress, it was now claimed, short-circuits narrative memory and finds another, precognitive, channel through which it can flood the subject with anxiety. Accordingly, diehard recovered memory theorists took up a last refuge in neurobiology, now maintaining that dissociated sexual abuse generates signature alterations of brain tissue.
With the arrival of McNally’s Remembering Trauma, there is no longer any excuse for such obfuscation. It makes no sense, McNally shows, to count forgetfulness for some “aspect of the trauma” within the definition of PTSD, because normal people as well as PTSD sufferers get disoriented by shocking incidents and fail to memorize everything about the event, even while knowing for the rest of their lives that it occurred. Likewise, it has never been established, and it seems quite unbelievable, that people can be haunted by memories that were never cognitively registered as such. Nor can specific brain markers vouch for the reality of a long-past sexual trauma, because, among other reasons, those features could have been present from birth. “It is ironic,” McNally reflects, “that so much has been written about the biological mechanisms of traumatic psychological amnesia when the very existence of the phenomenon is in doubt. What we have here is a set of theories in search of a phenomenon” (p. 182n.).
Remembering Trauma is neither a polemic nor a sermon, and McNally offers little counsel to psychotherapists beyond warning them against turning moral disapproval of pedophilia into overconfidence that they can infer its existence from behavioral clues observed twenty or thirty years after the fact. But another lesson is implied throughout this important book. Attention to the chimerical task of divining a patient’s early traumas is attention subtracted from sensible help in the here and now. The reason why psychotherapists ought to familiarize themselves with actual knowledge about the workings of memory, and why their professional societies should stop waffling and promulgating misinformation about it, is not that good science guarantees good therapy; it is simply that pseudoscience inevitably leads to harm.
March 11, 2004
Bessel A. van der Kolk and Onno van der Hart, “The Intrusive Past: The Flexibility of Memory and the Engraving of Trauma,” American Imago, vol. 48 (1991), pp. 425-454; the quotation is from p. 432. ↩
The fullest treatment of the recovered memory episode and its historical antecedents is Mark Pendergrast, Victims of Memory: Sex Abuse Accusations and Shattered Lives, 2nd ed. (Upper Access, 1996). For a concise and pointed account of the multiple personality fad, see Joan Acocella, Creating Hysteria: Women and Multiple Personality Disorder (Jossey-Bass, 1999). The best extended discussion is Nicholas P. Spanos, Multiple Identities and False Memories: A Sociocognitive Perspective (American Psychological Association, 1996). On Satanic abuse, see Jeffrey S. Victor, Satanic Panic: The Creation of a Contemporary Legend (Open Court, 1993), and Debbie Nathan and Michael Snedeker, Satan’s Silence: Ritual Abuse and the Making of a Modern American Witch Hunt (Basic Books, 1995). The plight of daycare workers who remain imprisoned even today is treated by Dorothy Rabinowitz, No Crueler Tyrannies: Accusation, False Witness, and Other Terrors of Our Times (Wall Street Press Books/Free Press, 2003). ↩
For the current state of knowledge about “Sybil,” see Mikkel Borch-Jacobsen, “Folies à plusieurs. De l’hystérie à la dépression (Les empêcheurs de penser en rond/Le Seuil, 2002), pp. 111-168. ↩
For Masson’s errors about Freud’s “seduction” phase, see Allen Esterson, “Jeffrey Masson and Freud’s Seduction Theory: A New Fable Based on Old Myths,” History of the Human Sciences, vol. 11 (1998), pp. 1-21. In his preface to a recently reprinted edition of The Assault on Truth (Random House, 2003), Masson at last concedes that Freud’s patients in 1895-96 resisted the incest stories that he tried to force upon them. Bizarrely, however, Masson still counts those patients among the likely victims of sexual abuse in Freud’s day. ↩
Judith Lewis Herman, Trauma and Recovery (Basic Books, 1992), p. 1. ↩
See, in this connection, the final chapter of Ruth Leys’s Trauma: A Genealogy (Univ. of Chicago Press, 2000). ↩
In one paper, for example, Scheflin and Brown addressed the problem of patients’ suggestibility, but the danger they envisioned from that quarter was only “false litigant syndrome,” or surrender to “pro-false-memory suggestive influences” emanating from “plaintiffs’ attorneys and expert witnesses” brought into malpractice suits against their former therapists. See Alan W. Scheflin and Daniel Brown, “The False Litigant Syndrome: ‘Nobody Would Say That Unless It Was the Truth,'” Journal of Psychiatry and Law, vol. 27 (1999), pp. 649-705. This same argument surfaces in Memory, Trauma Treatment, and the Law, which states that pressures exerted in therapy “pale in comparison” (p. 398) with those that can turn a patient into a litigious ingrate. ↩
Transcripts of the Texas conference proceedings have been available from Toronto radio station CKLN. See also Evan Harrington, “Conspiracy Theories and Paranoia: Notes from a Mind-Control Conference,” Skeptical Inquirer, vol. 20 (September/October 1996), pp.35-42. ↩
“I think it’s time somebody called for an open season on academicians and researchers,” Hammond said in 1997; “. . . it’s time for clinicians to begin bringing ethics charges for scientific malpractice against researchers and journal editors” who disparage recovered memory theory. “Investigating False Memory for the Unmemorable: A Critique of Experimental Hypnosis and Memory Research,” 14th International Congress of Hypnosis and Psychosomatic Medicine, San Diego, June 1997. Tapes of Hammond’s talk have been offered by The Sound of Knowledge, Inc. ↩
D. Corydon Hammond, “Hypnosis in MPD: Ritual Abuse,” a paper delivered at the Fourth Annual Eastern Regional Conference on Abuse and Multiple Personality, Alexandria, VA, June 25, 1992. Understandably, tapes of this talk have been withdrawn from sale; but a transcript, which repays reading from start to finish, can be found at www.heart7.net/mcf/greenbaum.htm. ↩
Patients of hypnosis-wielding MPD enthusiasts really have acquired crippling beliefs about their cult participation. That is why Bennett Braun, in 1997, had his license to practice suspended and why his insurers paid one of his tormented ex-patients a sobering malpractice settlement of $10.6 million. ↩
Alan W. Scheflin and Jerrold Lee Shapiro, Trance on Trial (Guilford Press, 1989). ↩
See, e.g., The Memory Wars: Freud’s Legacy in Dispute (New York Review Books, 1995), pp. 15-29; Unauthorized Freud: Doubters Confront a Legend (Viking, 1998), pp. x-xi; and “Forward to 1896? Commentary on Papers by Harris and Davies,” Psychoanalytic Dialogues, vol. 6 (1996), pp. 231-250. That special number of Psychoanalytic Dialogues became a book edited by Richard B. Gartner, Memories of Sexual Betrayal: Truth, Fantasy, Repression, and Dissociation (Jason Aronson, 1997). My own contribution, however, was excised and replaced by an attack on my earlier criticisms of psychoanalysis. ↩
On this last point, see Bennett Simon, “‘Incest—See Under Oedipus Complex’: The History of an Error in Psychoanalysis,” Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, vol. 40 (1992), pp. 955-988. ↩
See David Glenn, “Nightmare Scenarios,” Chronicle of Higher Education, Oct. 24, 2003, pp. 14-17. ↩
A welcome new critique of fad therapies is Science and Pseudoscience in Clinical Psychology, ed. Scott O. Lilienfeld, Steven Jay Lynn, and Jeffrey M. Lohr (Guilford Press, 2003). ↩
See Robyn M. Dawes, House of Cards: Psychology and Psychotherapy Built on Myth (Free Press, 1994), especially pp. 10-22. ↩
Kenneth S. Pope and Laura S. Brown, Recovered Memories of Abuse: Assessment, Therapy, Forensics (American Psychological Association, 1996). ↩
See especially Allan Young, The Harmony of Illusions: Inventing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (Princeton Univ. Press, 1995), and Herb Kutchins and Stuart A. Kirk, Making Us Crazy: DSM: The Psychiatric Bible and the Creation of Mental Disorders (Free Press, 1997). ↩
As the Pied Pipers of recovered memory, Ellen Bass and Laura Davis, told prospective survivors in 1988, “When you first remember your abuse or acknowledge its effects, you may feel tremendous relief. Finally there is a reason for your problems. There is someone, and something, to blame.” The Courage to Heal: A Guide for Women Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse (Harper & Row, 1988), p. 173. ↩ | <urn:uuid:39b1f048-c7d7-4673-b7bb-9848a8dda0cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2004/03/11/the-trauma-trap/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.952117 | 9,832 | 2.09375 | 2 |
More than 70 prominent civil society leaders – including MPs, NGO directors, faith leaders and local councillors – have signed an open letter rebutting the Pensions Minister Guy Opperman’s public support of continued fossil fuel investments .
[Westminster, UK] In an article published in the Telegraph and on GOV.UK on 7th July , Pension Minister Guy Opperman argues that investors with environmental concerns should hold onto their stocks in oil and gas companies so that they can “nudge, cajole or vote firms towards lower-carbon business practices.” In response, more than 60 prominent civil society leaders – including Green Party MP Caroline Lucas, Dr Rowan Williams and Sir Mark Rylance –have signed an open letter criticising Mr Opperman for ignoring the “clear moral, scientific and financial arguments for fossil fuel divestment”. The signees highlight that fossil fuel companies work against international efforts to tackle global heating:
“Despite clear evidence that we need to leave fossil fuels in the ground, companies such as Shell and Exxon are planning to significantly expand fossil fuel extraction by 2030. For every £1 invested by fossil fuel majors, over 95p ends up in further expansion of oil and gas reserves that are incompatible with a Net Zero trajectory.”
In response to the Minister encouraging investors to practice “constructive engagement” with fossil fuel companies, the letter states: “Mr Opperman’s assertion that collaboration through investor engagement can turn fossil fuel majors into low-carbon companies is not borne out by evidence. Investor pressure has never reshaped any company’s core business and cannot transform an entire sector of powerful multinationals.”
The letter is supported by financial expert Mark Campanale of the Carbon Tracker Initiative and emphasises that divestment also helps protect people’s pensions from financial risk. UN special envoy for climate action and finance Mark Carney , the G20’s Financial Stability Board and the Environmental Audit Committee have repeatedly warned that UK investors run the risk of exposing themselves to ‘stranded assets’ as fossil fuel stocks are made worthless by the inevitable transition to renewables.
Mr Opperman’s explicit and public support of continued fossil fuel investment by pension funds flies in the face of the rapidly growing divestment movement and rising consumer demand for fossil free pensions. Current Government guidance to pension fund trustees lists divestment as an appropriate strategy for trustees wanting to take positive action to tackle climate change , and a growing number of local authorities have acted upon this – including Lambeth, Islington, Newcastle City and Merseyside. Most recently, Conservative-led Shropshire Council unanimously passed a motion to completely divest from fossil fuels by 2023 .
In Westminster, 360 serving and former cross party MPs have backed phasing out fossil fuel investments from the Parliamentary Pension Fund, including Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer, DEFRA Minister Rebecca Pow and Committee on Climate Change Chair Lord Deben.
The open letter text and full list of confirmed signatories is available here. Other notable signatories include Greenpece Executive Director John Sauven, Liberal Democrat MP Layla Moran, the chairs of 3 local authority pensions funds (Merseyside, Islington and Lambeth) and Kevin Anderson, Professor of Energy and Climate Change, The Tyndall Centre.
The Pension Minister’s anti-divestment Telegraph article is available here and a free full text version is on gov.uk here.
Exploration for new oil and gas reserves by fossil fuel majors has been extensively documented. For example, recent research by Rystad Energy (summarised here) highlighted that both Shell PLC and ExxonMobil plan to increase oil and gas production by more than 35% between 2018 and 2030.
No fossil fuel company dedicates more than 5% of its capital expenditure to low-carbon solutions such wind or solar energy, and the remainder is used to develop new reserves of oil and gas – as summarised by Financial Times here and Reuters here.
In this recent Financial Times article available here, Mark Carney acknowledged that the escalating climate crisis necessitates aggressive reductions in greenhouse emissions, with major risk implications for the valuation of high-emissions companies such as fossil fuel majors and those who invest in these companies.
Government guidance for pension fund trustees (available here) on adhering to the recommendations of the Taskforce for Climate-Related Financial-Disclosures lists divestment as one course of action for funds “seeking to demonstrate leadership”. The Pension Minister has also previously praised the “shift away from fossil fuels” e.g. this comment piece in the Daily Telegraph from July 2019.
Local press coverage of Shropshire Council’s unanimous divestment motion from 16th July available here. | <urn:uuid:d91eaeaf-5266-4593-858e-e110f642aa2f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gofossilfree.org/uk/divest-parliament-press/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.931069 | 1,049 | 1.523438 | 2 |
There are over 21 million attendances at accident and emergency (A&E) departments each year.
A&E departments assess and treat patients with serious injuries or illnesses. Generally, you should visit A&E or call 999 for life-threatening emergencies, such as:
- loss of consciousness
- acute confused state and fits that are not stopping
- persistent, severe chest pain
- breathing difficulties
- severe bleeding that cannot be stopped
If an ambulance is needed, call 999, the emergency phone number in the UK. You can also dial 112, which is the ambulance number throughout the European Union.
Major A&E departments offer access 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, although not all hospitals have an A&E department. At A&E a doctor or nurse will assess your condition and decide on further action.
If it is not an immediate emergency call NHS 111. The service is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and can provide medical advice and advise you on the best local service to offer the care you need.
Less severe injuries can be treated in minor injuries services and NHS walk-in centres, which can treat patients without an appointment.
For illnesses that are not life threatening you should first contact your GP surgery. Outside of normal surgery hours you can still phone your GP, but you will usually be directed to an out-of-hours service. The out-of-hours period is from 6.30pm to 8am on weekdays, and all day at weekends and on bank holidays. During out-of-hours periods you can also call NHS 111.
More information on services other than A&E departments that offer emergency and urgent care:
- Minor injuries units (MIUs) offer assessment and treatment for minor injuries such as sprains and strains.
- At NHS walk-in centres you can see an experienced nurse or doctor (although not all centres have a doctor) without an appointment. They offer advice, assessment and treatment for minor ailments and injuries such as cuts, bruises, minor infections, strains and skin complaints.
- GP out-of-hours service
A GP is always available from 6.30pm to 8am weekdays and all day weekends and bank holidays. The organisation providing the service varies in different areas so check first with your local surgery or your Clinical Commissioning Group . When your local GP surgery is closed your call will be diverted free of charge to the local Out of House Service.
- If clinically necessary, out-of-hours dental treatment is also provided by your Clinical Commissioning Group .
Emergency contraception can stop you becoming pregnant after having unprotected sex. Two methods are available, the 'morning after' pill and the copper intrauterine device (IUD). The pill can be taken up to 72 hours after sex and is available free from your GP and most family planning clinics. It is also available from some pharmacies. The IUD is a plastic and copper device that is fitted into the woman’s womb by a doctor or nurse within five days of having unprotected sex. Read our guide to contraception for more advice
- Mental health emergencies
If a person's mental or emotional state quickly worsens, this can be treated as a mental health emergency or mental health crisis. In this situation, it's important to get help as soon as possible. Contact NHS Direct (or NHS 111 if available in your area) to find out where help is available. If you feel the person is in immediate danger then call 999.
- Urgent care centres provide a variety of services but vary in different areas. You may be able to attend such a centre rather than go to A&E. It is best to phone ahead or call NHS Direct (or NHS 111 if available in your area) to find out if the services you require are available at your local urgent care centre. | <urn:uuid:505f3830-d8de-49c6-8fc9-e749f2cb5e1f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.whitehousefarmmedical.nhs.uk/info.aspx?p=5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.939264 | 792 | 2.359375 | 2 |
For businesses seeking identification as separate legal entities, Mississippi law allows them to undergo the process of incorporation. This means that the business can buy or sell property, offer and accept contracts and exercise legal rights in its own name. The office of the Secretary of State is the agency that receives applications for incorporation in Mississippi, and they must be completed in conformity with particular guidelines.
Benefits of Incorporation in Mississippi
A corporation enjoys advantages that unincorporated companies do not. Primarily, it cannot be held accountable for an amount of debt greater than the value of the assets that the owners have invested in it. Had the business instead remained a collection of the owners' personal assets, the personal property of the stakeholders could be liquidated to pay the liabilities of the business, if it runs into financial issues. A corporation also allows creditors in the Ellisville area to assess the credit worthiness of the business as a whole rather than that of its owners, allowing the business to get loans more easily. Finally, a corporation's ownership stake is divided into equal slices or "shares" of stock, which make investments in the business much easier to transfer.
Costs of Incorporation
There are costs associated with incorporation, both short and long term. First, businesses in Mississippi might be charged a fee to incorporate. Also, a corporation is taxed as its own entity. Disbursements to the owners of the corporation are also taxed as individual income, so this means earnings might be taxed twice. But this double taxation can be avoided with proper planning and help from a local Ellisville lawyer. | <urn:uuid:11c8e7b2-3878-42fd-b5de-26b92e39bc0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://businessattorneys.legalmatch.com/MS/Ellisville/business-incorporation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.966724 | 320 | 1.96875 | 2 |
There are many ways to add breakfast cereals to your diet that will help you feel full for longer. A good start would be to choose and buy foods that are high in the vitamins you need to keep you feeling healthy. The healthiest options may surprise you.
It is best to eat breakfast at regular intervals, but if you find yourself craving it in the middle of the day, you should switch to a quick fix that does not contain the nutrients your body needs.
Do You Enjoy Eating Cereal In The Morning?
If you enjoy eating a bowl of cereal with a glass of milk in the morning on your way to work, you might want to consider making this an everyday habit. Instead of skipping breakfast, you might find that you actually enjoy breakfast more if you make it a habit to eat breakfast and then have a glass of milk in the evening after working. You might also decide to alternate these meals so that you are not dependent on one type of meal.
Delicious And Healthy Way To Add Cereal To Your Breakfast
Simplest way to add breakfast cereals to your diet is to eat them with a little bit of extra protein. Oatmeal is a good example of a food that can help you to provide some additional protein to your diet. You may choose to eat a bowl of whole-wheat oatmeal for your first meal of the day or choose to add a few fresh buns to a yogurt and milk cereal for an easy and tasty breakfast treat. For an even sweeter breakfast treat, you may choose to eat a bowl of sugar free hot cereal or use a frozen banana blended with some milk and vanilla syrup as your dessert. You may also decide to replace some of your milk with soy milk or almond milk. You may also choose to add a layer of low fat or low calorie cheese on your pancakes or other types of bread that you are using for your breakfast.
Include Nutritious Soups In Your Meal Plan
Having a delicious cup of soup in the morning or even at dinner can also help you stay full. This transition from breakfast to snack time can help you stay on track with your nutrition. You may decide to eat the same meal you normally have for lunch and then a small bowl of soup in the evening. This transition helps you to avoid overeating between meals and to maintain the proper amounts of nutrients that your body needs to function properly. You will likely be surprised at how much soup you can consume in a single sitting!
Plan Your Morning & Mid-Afternoon Snack
If you like to snack throughout the day, you may consider making a transition from your morning snack to a mid-afternoon snack. Snacks can provide you with a burst of energy that you will need to keep going throughout the day. In fact, you may find that you crave having a snack right before bedtime. You may decide to add a granola cereal to your favorite bagels or muffins to help you get through your mid-afternoon snacking. You may find that adding an apple or a small piece of fruit will do the trick and provide you with a satisfying mid-afternoon snack.
When you go to purchase breakfast at work, you should check to see if the office has any healthy choices for lunch. Many companies do not offer any choices for lunch or dinner because they are too expensive. If they do have options, many of these choices may not be very healthy. If you have access to healthy breakfasts in your office, you may want to consider skipping the mid-morning snack and eating the healthy food that you were able to pick up for lunch.
Hope these tips will help you to make the right breakfast and snack choices.
Click here for more interesting articles | <urn:uuid:62e6a33f-fc52-402d-8cee-db7d7addbb81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://doyourthing.in/are-you-eating-healthy-right-for-breakfast/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.957773 | 760 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Bullying can occur at any stage in life, whether it is at school, home, work or socially. Nationally, bullying whether emotional, verbal or physical, affects a large percentage of pupils, either directly or as witnesses of distressing acts of aggression. Children who are worried about being bullied, or who see their friends bullied are likely to find it difficult to concentrate on their work, and their quality of learning is thus affected. We are committed to providing a caring, friendly and safe environment for all children and young people at Moorside High School so that they can thrive and learn in a relaxed and secure atmosphere. We take a zero-tolerance approach to any kind of bullying.
Should bullying occur, pupils should be able to tell someone and know that incidents will be dealt with promptly and effectively at school. This means that anyone who knows that bullying is happening is expected to tell a person in authority.
To report an incident of bullying at Moorside High School, please contact your child's Head of Year.
Heads Of Year
Mr T Williams – Head of Year 7
Mrs S Kirk – Head of Year 8
Mrs D Stephan – Head of Year 9
Mr J Halsall – Head of Year 10
Mrs T Copestake – Head of Year 11 | <urn:uuid:9831fb2b-276a-4630-9008-fa51d88b2254> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.moorsidehigh.co.uk/page/?title=Anti-Bullying&pid=50 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.95646 | 331 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Epilepsy Foundation helped get a young Tennessee man's life back on track | Opinion
Logan Woods, 22, returned to Tennessee with untreated epilepsy and no way to obtain sufficient health care. The local Epilepsy Foundation helped out.
- Elisa Hertzan is the executive director of the Epilepsy Foundation of Middle and West Tennessee.
“I’m calling about my grandson, Logan,” said caller Anne Woods.
“He’s 22, has epilepsy and is on a bus back to Tennessee. He’ll live with me until he gets back on his feet but I’m worried. Logan still gets seizures, has no health insurance and we’ll both need support and assistance when he gets here.”
Twenty-four hours later, Logan, his grandmother and his father were sitting in the office of the Epilepsy Foundation of Middle and West Tennessee. Logan confirmed that he had not seen a neurologist in about two years and needed help obtaining anti-seizure medication.
The foundation is here to help
“You’re not on this journey alone, Logan.” We say these words to everyone who walks through the doors of the EFMWT. They’re the most important words that someone struggling with intractable epilepsy needs to hear.
The EFMWT issued a check to pay for Logan’s anti-seizure medication and arranged to pay for an appointment with a neurologist at the Frist Clinic. Logan was given a prescription assistance form to help him obtain free anti-seizure medication. Health insurance options were discussed with Logan’s father and an action plan was prepared based on Logan’s immediate and long-term needs.
Logan and his family were invited to a brainstorming dinner scheduled to be held that night at a local Nashville restaurant with a promise that they would meet other young adults with epilepsy as well as other parents and caretakers.
At the dinner that evening, Logan and his grandmother met several young people with epilepsy. “I’m overwhelmed,” Logan said through tears. “It’s the first time I’ve met any young people with epilepsy.”
Logan exchanged contact information with his peers and agreed to brainstorm on setting up a support group for teens and young adults with epilepsy.
“Nothing is more empowering than being with people who understand what I’m living with,” Logan said. He smiled. One of many that evening.
His grandmother, Anne, had an opportunity to meet other parents and to learn more about the challenges of living and caring for someone with uncontrolled seizures.
“I can’t tell you how comforting the words ‘We’re here for you,’ mean to me,” Anne said. “Epilepsy is a tough disorder, and no one should have to deal with it alone. I’m so glad to be here tonight. I feel very supported.”
More than financial help
Apart from providing medication assistance and paying for neurological visits, the EFMWT empowers the community to advocate for themselves and their families. The foundation also provides basic legal assistance to callers who have questions about employment and accommodations they might need to perform their jobs successfully. We provide seizure training to first responders and educate the public as well as professionals about seizures and epilepsy.
Apart from epilepsy, the EFMWT provides service coordination for anyone diagnosed with a traumatic brain injury. We serve 14 counties and link clients with services such as housing, family support, funding and medical specialists. We run support groups, therapeutic recreation and art programs for both the epilepsy and traumatic brain injury communities.
We can’t do this alone though. We need your help and support to carry on our work- especially now since the state legislature failed to approve a direct appropriation to support our work. Please visit givingmatters.com to learn more about the EFMWT and urge your legislators to support the EFMWT.
Elisa Hertzan is the executive director of the Epilepsy Foundation of Middle and West Tennessee. | <urn:uuid:cfafe4bf-b7da-4cd7-a42a-986b2487e778> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tennessean.com/story/opinion/2019/08/15/epilepsy-foundation-tennessee-fosters-inclusion-quality-care/1969205001/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.966019 | 857 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Why conserve Galapagos? Clare Simm from the Galapagos Conservation Trust answers this vital question, discussing the immense vulnerability of the islands and the work being done to protect them
The Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, are one of the most unique but vulnerable places on Earth. Found 600 miles off the coast of South America, the Islands were isolated for millions of years. Now, however, Galapagos has reached a critical point in its history. The wildlife found there have not been able to adapt fast enough to the changing conditions brought on by humans residing in Galapagos, or the effects that we are having globally.
As the inspiration for Darwin’s ground-breaking theory of evolution by natural selection, Galapagos has given rise to an extraordinary mosaic of habitats and an unparalleled range of wildlife. From giant tortoises roaming the highlands to penguins diving for their prey, this is no ordinary island chain. However, evolutionary isolation has played a crucial role in their vulnerability as they now live alongside 30,000 people.
Over 50 Galapagos species are now listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List – and this list is increasing every year. Invasive species, such as rats and insects, are causing devastation among the native wildlife. Increasing urbanisation is resulting in the loss of pristine habitats. Overfishing, both by local and international fishing fleets, is disrupting the finely tuned marine balance. And climate change is providing additional pressure across the Islands’ ecosystems.
Galapagos Conservation Trust’s strategy
Islands can recover if such threats are removed or controlled, and local people are engaged with their environment. This is very much at the heart of what Galapagos Conservation Trust (GCT) is setting out to achieve. Our vision is of a Galapagos that is safeguarded into the future and, in 2020, we launched our latest three-year strategy to work towards this. By focussing on three core pillars of activity, we work to protect the unique species of the Archipelago, restore the Islands’ natural habitat, and provide sustainable solutions to issues such as plastic pollution.
Spanning all three pillars is our commitment to eradicating invasive species, tackling climate change impacts and engaging people and communities through our education and outreach work. This work could not be achieved without a strong communications strategy which we use to raise awareness and funds in the UK and in Galapagos, empowering people to act to protect the Islands.
One of the greatest threats facing the world today is that of plastic pollution and, sadly, Galapagos is no exception. The majority of pollution found there has been shown to come from outside the Archipelago, but within the Eastern Pacific region. Tackling this threat is currently one of the highest priorities of the Galapagos National Park (GNP) and GCT is helping to drive forward the Plastic Pollution Free Galapagos programme. An alliance of NGOs, local communities and international scientists are now creating novel management tools, applying new techniques to identify polluters such as industrial fishing fleets, and testing best practice clean-up processes.
Technology-based tools are also in development to support evidence-based decisions at local, national and international levels to drive behaviour change using policy and education. The aim is to prove, in Galapagos, methods that can be applied to coastal national parks around the world. The alliance’s overriding view is that if we cannot solve this problem in Galapagos, nowhere is safe.
Another key programme that GCT is delivering is focussed on the Endangered Sharks of Galapagos. The Galapagos Marine Reserve (GMR) is home to one of the largest concentrations of sharks in the world. We support research that will ensure protection for these vulnerable sharks throughout their lifetime, from their nurseries in the GMR to their migration routes outside in the Eastern Pacific. Our work has supported the case for increased protected areas and reviewing management zonation within the GMR. We are now focussing on influencing decision-makers to create new marine protected areas outside of the GMR, such as safeguarding the Galapagos-Cocos swimway, a vital migration route for sharks and other key marine species between Galapagos and Cocos island, Costa Rica.
How research has been affected by COVID-19
In mid-March 2020, Galapagos went into lockdown. Non-residents were evacuated and all conservation fieldwork stopped. GCT had to adjust fieldwork and science programmes rapidly, providing additional support to our partners to enable them to continue their vital work, where possible. Some projects, such as that to protect the Critically Endangered mangrove finch, stopped completely, putting the lives of precious chicks at risk from the invasive avian vampire fly. Thankfully others, such as those researching Vulnerable Galapagos giant tortoises and Endangered whale sharks, were able to resume fieldwork fairly quickly and safely.
A key programme that was delayed was that to restore Floreana island to its former ecological glory. GCT is supporting partners to eradicate invasive mammals, which will benefit native flora and fauna, with the long-term goal to reintroduce locally extinct species. The eradication phase, involving baiting to remove rodents, was due to occur in 2021, but fieldwork was suspended in 2020.
It was also necessary to divert project funding to cover pandemic-related issues, therefore the eradication event has had to be postponed. While delays like this are frustrating, they do allow us to take advantage of emerging research, allowing us to better understand the species that we are protecting from extinction.
2020 was a year like no other. GCT, like many other organisations, had to quickly review our plans, balance the needs of our partners, and ensure that the Islands’ wildlife remained protected. However, with determination and professionalism, we overcame challenges, and our relationships on the Islands became stronger than ever. We are excited to see what 2021 will bring and remain committed to our mission to support, develop and promote projects that achieve measurable conservation, sustainable living and protection of the environment of Galapagos.
Editor's Recommended Articles
Must Read >> Science & conservation in the Galapagos Islands | <urn:uuid:17a33532-b973-40dd-a774-7218af38df56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.openaccessgovernment.org/safeguarding-galapagos-for-the-future/113175/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.952847 | 1,290 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Portland Flushes Reservoir After Man Urinates in It
In Portland, an inebriated man had a problem last week common to those in his state: He had to pee. He may have thought he found the perfect solution to that problem when he stumbled upon what he thought was a sewage plant.
But it turns out that that basin was actually a reservoir brimming with freshly treated water that was slated to head down the pipes to the city’s residents.
After discovering all this on its security cameras, the city did the only thing a sensible city full of Earth-loving granolas would: Dump the eight million gallons of water from the reservoir, even though the half-pint or so of sterile urine – a whopping .00000000078125 percent of the reservoir, mind you – would have been so diluted that it would be undetectable, both chemically and aesthetically. Indeed, fish and wildlife urinate and occasionally even die in the reservoir. A twice- yearly cleaning has also found paint cans and construction equipment.
But city officials said the “yuck factor” of human urine was too great. “Nobody wants to drink pee, and I don't want to deal with the 100 people who would be unhappy that I'm serving them pee in their water," the city’s water bureau administrator told the AP.
We could debate the wisdom of operating an open-air reservoir, but federal regulations have made that a moot point, requiring that all reservoirs eventually be secured. The financial costs are not that great, either: The cost to re-treat the water is less than $8,000.
So we’re left with the environmental costs: wasted water. In a world in which 1.1 billion people lack access to safe drinking water, it seems foolish to dump perfectly good water simply to avoid a little PR tussle. Aren’t we all adults here? We should be able to look at this situation and rationally recognize that, though the thought of urine in any drinking water makes us squeamish, the quantity is so small that the water is quite safe to drink. Action driven by maintaining a public image is frequently ill-advised.
On the other hand, public utilities are seeking to listen to their customers more, to provide better customer service. Perhaps this desire to be more responsive to the end-user is part of the reason why the Oregon utility opted to dump the reservoir. But is this the type of customer service that we’re going for? I tend to think not. But what do you think?
Posted by Laura Williams on Jul 01, 2011 | <urn:uuid:26112acd-2413-441b-ab2c-b88d61b71c17> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eponline.com/blogs/environmental-protection-blog/2011/07/portland-dumps-reservoir-after-man-urinates-in-it.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.97565 | 541 | 1.9375 | 2 |
- preservice and inservice teacher education
- graduate programs in areas such as curriculum and instruction
- educational administration
- instructional technology
- educational computing
A quarterly subscription to JTATE is included with SITE membership.
# 1 Journal Ranking in “Teacher Education and Technology”
# 9 Journal Ranking in “Teaching & Teacher Education”
# 13 Journal Ranking in “Educational Technology”
(based upon H-Index).
The CITE Journal is SITE’s online multimedia, interactive counterpart to JTATE. CITE is a collaboration between five teacher educator professional associations in the content areas of: Mathematics, Science, English Language Arts, Social Studies, and Instructional Technology. It focuses on current issues and practices, with accompanying editorials and seminal articles.
This annual book serves as a scholarly resource and record of the current state of research in this essential field of study and practice.
Collections in this series present a growing body of research, highlighted with contemporary trends and issues, creative methods, innovative ideas, theory and practice-based models, and effective use of traditional as well as new tools in the field of information technology and teacher education.
The Journal of Online Learning Research (JOLR) is a peer-reviewed, international journal devoted to the theoretical, empirical, and pragmatic understanding of technologies and their impact on primary and secondary pedagogy and policy in primary and secondary (K-12) online and blended environments.
Special Edition Journals and eBooks
SITE’s community of editors, researchers, SIG chairs, and conference attendees have collaborated many times over the years to produce special edition books and journal issues. These publications are often in response to trends in the field or subjects that affect us and education on a global scale, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
See all our special edition books at LearnTechLib.org.
SITE journals and conference proceedings are archived in the LearnTechLib – The Learning and Technology Library. It includes the latest peer-reviewed articles and papers on research, developments, and applications related to Educational Technology and E-Learning. Subscriptions to the Library are offered at a discount to SITE members. | <urn:uuid:90079989-91bc-435b-942b-a17c63646571> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://site.aace.org/pubs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.922332 | 457 | 1.867188 | 2 |
The way forward for effort is remote operating, that is also generally known as telecommuting, way ahead for perform for individuals who will not be actually show with a particular business or position, or telecommuter, the operating deal by which employees don’t commute in an real place of work like anshop and business office, or manufacturing facility. Additionally, there are telecommuter tasks which might be on the market as freelancers, nonetheless they need you to pay out a fixed payment for every process you execute. Telework could be utilized by business owners that want to reduce their labour expenses, but it may possibly not definitely be attainable for individuals who are self employed.
Working from home presents many benefits to people who work from home. Many of these positive aspects include things like:
No reason to keep a excellent work area – When you work at home there is not any will need to take care of a very good working room, for the reason that you just need a personal computer and a printer. You simply need to enjoy a computer with internet connection who has adequate space on your desk. While there is no requirement to keep pace an excellent operating room or space, you may eliminate the demand for a separate area of a work area.
An adaptable doing the job daily schedule – It is rather typical for doing work professionals to travel regarding their employment on account of the worth of traveling to a business office. Most working pros would choose to do their employment from the your home position mainly because it enables them to spend more time with their family and friends. Except for some functioning pros traveling is absolutely not an option simply because they do not want to order a residence. Thus the cabability to do business from home offers them the capability to build an income when working at their own individual advantage.
You may job coming from the ease and comfort of your own home – You can function from home, as long as you have got a computer with internet access. In order to have your pajamas, if that’s the things you choose, operating in your pc in the home. You could fixed your individual hours, so that you won’t must work delayed in the night-time, or loose time waiting for people to accomplish their meet your needs. You can actually nevertheless work from home regardless if the local work place is extremely stressful.
You can work in a unique spot every day – If you have to alter your daily schedule, can be done that likewise, for anyone who is touring for your business travel. You can actually work from home as much as you desire.
You can work in a location where you stand comfortable – Since you are doing work in your house, you don’t need to deal with the travel. with coaches or trains to venture to and from your business office. You could opt to work at the place that could be hassle-free for your and also you family members.
You don’t need to be seen in a business office – You don’t ought to be provide in the office for several hours when you have to be. Because you are working at home makes it possible for anyone to work if you find yourself not. and like the conveniences of property.
Flexible working daily activities – Working from your home is one challenge which requires flexibility, and having versatile operating routines, it is possible to able to work by yourself. You can even work at home for making a little bit more income if it is required.
If you choose to work from your home, you can even consider starting off an internet business, for anybody who is utilized by a company. The main advantage of doing the job at home is that you could build an online business which you can grow and commence as your organization increases.
You could establish your personal several hours – It is actually possible to work at home from your pajamas, if it is exactly what you want. given that you can set your own personal several hours, and just work at your individual advantage.
There is a prospect to complete your job from anyplace – When you visit the office, may very well not get access to almost everything on your place of work. You are able to perform out of your home equally well. you can work in your pajamas and get your vehicle to your office. and meet with other individuals.
In the event you loved this short article and you would like to receive more info relating to answering service company generously visit our own web-site.
Should you be thinking about the information with this content, here are several even more pages and posts with a similar articles: | <urn:uuid:c3d90c14-c473-466e-b2c7-ceb573f52b53> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://myasiancruise.com/advantages-of-working-from-home/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.974715 | 938 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Yearly, millions of pets or animals suffer and die in painful checks to
identify the safety of
cosmetics. Chemicals such as vision shadow and soap happen to be tested upon
rabbits, mice, guinea
domestic swine, dogs, and other animals, despite the fact that the test results
don’t help prevent or
handle human illness or injury.
Cosmetics are generally not required to be tested upon animals as
alternatives exist, really hard to understand why a few companies even now
continue to carry out
these testing. Cosmetic companies kill an incredible number of animals every year to
make an effort to make a profit.
According to the companies that perform these types of tests, they are done to
set up the safety
of the product plus the ingredients. Nevertheless , the Food and Drug
which will regulates cosmetic products, does not require animal screening.
Some of the checks
used on pets or animals are eyesight irritancy tests, acute degree of toxicity tests, and skin
In eye irritancy tests, a liquid, flake, granule, or powdered
element is fallen
into the eye of a number of albino rabbits. The family pets are often
immobilized in stocks and shares
from which just their mind protrude. They normally receive zero
anesthesia throughout the tests.
Following placing the compound into the rabbits eyes, research laboratory technicians
record the damage towards the
eye tissues at particular intervals over an average period of 72 hours.
The testing sometimes
previous seven to eighteen times. Reactions for the substances include
ulceration, bleeding, swollen irises massive destruction, and
blindness. During the testing
rabbits eyelids are usually held open with clips, for this reason, many
family pets try to break
their necks as they try to escape.
Acute toxicity tests, commonly called lethal dose or poisoning
tests, identify the
amount of a substance that will destroy a percentage, possibly up to
one-hundred percent, of any
group of check animals. During these tests, a substance can be forced by simply tube
in the animals
tummy or through holes minimize in their throats. Experimenters notice
reactions which can include turbulence, labored inhaling and exhaling
malnutrition, skin area eruptions
and bleeding in the eyes, nasal area, or oral cavity. The test originated in
1927 and the
tests continues till at least fifty percent from the animals pass away
(usually requires 2-4 weeks).
Like eyesight irritancy testing, lethal dosage tests are unreliable and also have too
a large number of variables to
have a constant result.
Pores and skin irritancy testing are conducted on rabbits, guinea pigs and
different animals. The
process involves placing chemicals on the animals raw, shaved skin and
covering the skin area
with backing plaster. The animals are immobilized in restraining
gadgets to prevent all of them
from battling. Meanwhile, lab workers apply the chemicals
which in turn burn in to the
animals skin area.
Alternatives to cosmetic testing are less expensive and
generally more reliable to
perform. Family pets have different neurological systems than humans
therefore the tests aren’t
be as accurate as the current testing. Some alternatives include cellular
cultures, cells cultures
corneas from eye banks, and sophisticated computer and numerical
Companies can also create a solution using substances already verified
safe by the Food
and Drug Government. Most cruelty-free companies use a combination
of methods to
make sure the safety of your product.
The lobby by dog welfare organizations has ended in federal
condition, and local
guidelines severely limiting animal testing. For example
beneath the U. S.
Animal welfare act, every animals used in biomedical research must be
bought from vendors
certified by the U. S. Office of Agriculture. The UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE inspects
family pets are used and enforces federal government laws relating to treatment and care
from the animals.
Biomedical scientists have taken actions to prevent the abuse in the
because abused animals may well not provide trusted data. The American
Society, the National Institutes of Overall health, and many other medical
organizations have got
joined to lay down recommendations for use and treatment of experimental
pets or animals. Now
additionally, there are many colleges with creature welfare committees.
In the United States survey by the American Medical Affiliation
it was found
that seventy five percent of Americans are against using animals in beauty
testing. A huge selection of
companies possess responded simply by switching to animal-friendly test out methods.
To aid put an
end to animal assessment, people can end buying goods that were examined
on pets. You
can also call and write to companies, or write to your
about the alternatives which you can use. | <urn:uuid:70ac6806-a25c-4442-af91-2bd432acfcce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://e-vocable.com/animal-testing-essay-advantages/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.913879 | 1,082 | 2.734375 | 3 |
SCIENCE INTENT STATEMENT
Inspire & Aspire
Inspired by God, we aspire to be the best we can be, so that we can live life in all its fullness.
" I have come that they may have life to the full." ( John 10:10)
At Bonners, we provide a science curriculum that encourages and develops scientific enquiry and critical thinking and allows children to reach their potential. We encourage the children to develop a curiosity of the world around them. Moreover, we aim to prepare our pupils for life in an increasingly scientific and technological world.
SCIENCE SKILLS ROAD MAP | <urn:uuid:3548949b-2677-4a49-b835-f13e6677b416> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bonners.e-sussex.sch.uk/Science/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.898421 | 131 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Last month, my family and I traveled to Seattle for the first time and visited the Wing Luke Museum of the Asian Pacific American Experience, located in the Chinatown-International District. As Asian Americans, the idea of a pan-Asian Pacific American museum was exciting because we had never seen or heard of one before. Having said that, we weren’t entirely sure what to expect going in.
The museum gets its name from Wing Luke, who served on the Seattle City Council and became the first Asian American elected to public office in the Pacific Northwest. He was a progressive advocate for underrepresented communities who inspired many, so when he died in a plane crash in 1965, the community created the Wing Luke Memorial Foundation and built a pan-Asian museum to honor him. According to their website, the museum’s mission is “to connect everyone to the rich history, dynamic cultures and art of Asian Pacific Americans through vivid storytelling and inspiring experiences.”
The first room we visited was an exhibition titled, “Teardrops That Wound,” which features works by Asian Pacific American artists on the topic of war. My favorite pieces were Sarah and Phong Nguyen’s “Break Into Blossom,” which portrays “Little Boy” as becoming one with the Earth rather than destroying it, and Thomas Dang’s “Bombs Away,” a paradoxical installation that shows microbes, “a vital source for living things,” within weapons of mass destruction. There are many other works of art as well, all of which were very moving. The exhibition is open for viewing now through May 20, 2018.
The building that the museum currently inhabits was originally the East Kong Yick Building, one of many cheap hotels that were popular among early Asian migrant laborers. In the west lightwell, there is the beautiful “Letter Cloud” by Erin Shie Palmer and Susie Kozawa. You can watch their description of the installation here.
In the room next-door is a permanent display entitled, “Honoring Our Journey.” As a major port in the Pacific, Seattle was a popular stopping point for early Asian Pacific immigrants. This display explores the journeys of various ethnic groups to the United States, the trials and tribulations they endured, and the ways they have managed to hold on to their heritage and keep their traditions alive.
There were also rooms that displayed Community Portrait Galleries, one dedicated to a specific ethnic group. My family and I are Pilipino, so it was exciting to see a gallery dedicated to Pilipino Americans. There’s a timeline that follows the history of Pilipinos from the Philippines to the United States, specifically the Seattle area, portraits of Pilipinos and their explanation of what being Pilipino means to them, and an interactive portion where you can display your own description of what being Pilipino means to you.
In the neighboring rooms are galleries dedicated to Vietnamese refugees and immigrants, Cambodians, and South Asians in the Seattle community, all of which are ongoing exhibits.
Finally, we went to see the Bruce Lee exhibit. Although I knew Bruce Lee was a major Chinese actor and martial artist, I wondered why the museum put such an emphasis on him and his history. Then, through the exhibit, I learned that he spent much of his life in Seattle, moving there when he was 18 and studying at the University of Washington. It was incredible reading his handwritten letters and watching his old videos, learning about him in his own words. Photography was not allowed, but there was this quote out in the hallway, which happens to be my favorite.
The Wing Luke Museum was definitely a highlight of our trip to Seattle. If you’re ever in the area and you’re interested in learning about parts of American history that aren’t taught in our schools, I highly recommend checking it out.
- General Admission
- Adults: $17
- Students: $12.50
- Seniors: $15
- Youth (5-12): $10
- Address: 719 South King Street (between 7th and 8th Avenue South)
Seattle, WA 98104
- Website: http://www.wingluke.org/ | <urn:uuid:a4dfa7db-9e36-4494-a769-b5d0e65242b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://marielandkevin.wordpress.com/2018/01/23/wing-luke-museum-of-the-asian-pacific-american-experience-seattle-wa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.978058 | 879 | 2.375 | 2 |
Vol 1 | Issue 1 | July – Dec 2016 | Page 10-16 | Kevin C Wang, Eric J Cotter, Annabelle Davey, Lucy Oliver-Welsh, Justin W Griffin, Maximilian A Meyer, Matthew E Gitelis, Brian J Cole.
Authors: Kevin C Wang , Eric J Cotter , Annabelle Davey , Lucy Oliver-Welsh, Justin W Griffin, Maximilian A Meyer, Matthew E Gitelis , Brian J Cole .
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL , USA.
Tunbridge Wells Hospital, UK.
Address of Correspondence
Kevin C Wang
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St. Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60612
Email: email@example.com; firstname.lastname@example.org
Introduction: Osteoarthritis is one of the most common disease affecting older adults, and can have a drastic impact on quality of life. This degenerative cartilage disease can often be the result of progression of focal cartilage defects. Fortunately, a plethora of treatment options, both surgical and non-surgical, exist for focal articular cartilage defects. However, because the natural history, incidence, and patient demographics of focal articular cartilage defects are not fully defined, it is important to treat these defects on a patient-specific level. Clinicians must integrate many features, including patient-specific goals, risk factors for disease progression, symptoms, lesion characteristics, comorbidities, and responsiveness to conservative treatment in a patient-centered clinical encounter before being able to decide if surgery is indicated and, if so, the optimal surgical management for the patient.
Adapted from: Oliver-Welsh L, Griffin JW, Meyer MA, Gitelis ME, Cole BJ. Deciding How Best to Treat Cartilage Defects. Orthopedics. 2016 Nov;39(6).
Key Words: Articular Cartilage defect, Osteoarthritis, natural history.
Articular cartilage disease, namely osteoarthritis, is the most common joint disease in the world affecting 80% of patients >75 years old . The progression of this disease generally begins with focal cartilage lesions. In a prospective study of 65 patients with a mean age of 62.7 years old, Carnes et al demonstrated that the presence of cartilage defects was shown to independently predict eventual cartilage volume loss and risk of future knee replacement . However, the majority of articular cartilage lesions remained stable with little regression after 2.9 years. In those patients whose defects demonstrated progressive degeneration, baseline risk factors included radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis, tibia size, higher body mass index, and female sex. These factors are important to consider when determining approach to treatment. Given the risk of cartilage volume loss and correlation with future knee replacement, it is important to consider articular cartilage injuries in younger populations. These injuries commonly occur in young, active patients and generally occur after direct trauma, often in conjunction with other injuries, such as ligamentous or meniscal injuries . These injuries can also arise from degenerative patterns or, less commonly, from metabolic disorders of subchondral bone such as osteonecrosis or osteochondritis dissecans. The treatment of focal articular cartilage disease presents a challenge to physicians because the variability in patient presentation and symptoms makes it difficult to determine the appropriate type and timing of treatment for each patient.
While the incidence and patient demographics of cartilage lesions are not fully documented, full-thickness lesions are more common in athletes than in the general population. In a systematic review by Flanigan et al looking at 931 athletes, 36% were found to have full-thickness lesions on MRI, but only 14% of these lesions presented with associated symptoms . These results highlight an important concept in the management of articular cartilage lesions: treatment must be tailored to address symptoms, not imaging findings. As the number of treatment options for articular cartilage defects expands, evidence-based, patient-centered decision-making is required to provide the best possible outcomes to patients (Fig. 1).
Unique patient concerns, expectations and goals must be addressed in the treatment discussion. By managing patient expectations to arrive at a mutually agreed upon and achievable goal, physicians can maximize patient satisfaction.
The purpose of this article is to present a systematic approach to decision-making in treating articular cartilage injury and to provide a brief summary of the currently available and up-and-coming treatment options.
Clinical History: A key to decision-making in the treatment of articular cartilage lesions is the patient-centered evaluation. The past medical history can contribute significantly to the management plan. Comorbidities, either systemic or joint-specific, previous surgical history, and current medication regimen can impact prognosis and outcome. A thorough history and physical is necessary to elicit patient demographics that influence disease progression and patient outcomes (age, body mass index, sex, malalignment, and smoking status) . Specifically, age has been shown to be predictive of positive outcomes in patients <30 years old [5-7]. However, this should not disqualify older patients from these procedures given the possibility of restoring or prolonging function and delaying the need for a total knee arthroplasty. The clinical history should also include discussion of timing (acute versus chronic), injury mechanism (twisting, fall, or insidious onset), and any concomitant injuries, specifically meniscal or ligamentous injuries. Articular cartilage injury typically presents as pain localized to a single compartment that is worse with load-bearing and correlates with a defect found on imaging or diagnostic arthroscopy. However, patient presentation can range widely, sometimes even presenting solely as painless joint swelling during activity. It is important to note that symptoms do not reliably correlate with degree of damage, including the size or grade of a lesion . As such, the presence and nature of the patient’s symptoms and their impact on the patient, rather than objective lesion-specific findings, should drive treatment decisions. The type and severity of symptoms (clicking, locking, or swelling), magnitude and quality of pain, and any complaints of instability and loss of function should all be elicited. Exacerbating factors and activities that the patient can no longer effectively or comfortably perform should also be explored. In addition, one should always inquire about pain at rest. Rest pain is unpredictably related to intra-articular pathology and must be approached with caution to manage patient expectations of cartilage surgery resolving this type of pain.
Physical examination: The role of the physical examination in guiding treatment decisions is to confirm that the patient’s symptoms are attributable to the cartilage defect and to detect any comorbidities. It is critical to evaluate gait and gross musculoskeletal deformities to develop a holistic assessment of a patient’s functional abilities and deficiencies. Specifically, axial malalignment or rotational abnormalities must be identified and addressed. These conditions can increase forces through the affected compartment and may need to be corrected prior to cartilage restoration to ensure a successful outcome. Strength and flexibility in both lower extremities should be examined to compare the injured extremity with the healthy, contralateral side. Specifically, the examiner should look for signs of weakness resulting from compensatory mechanics. Additionally, any effusions or limitations in movement or range of motion can reflect the extent of pathology and provide clues on the potential efficacy of specific treatments.
Concomitant Knee Pathologies
It is important to evaluate for concomitant knee pathologies during both the clinical history and the physical examination. Joint-specific comorbidities such as ligamentous or meniscal injury and tibiofemoral or patellofemoral malalignment can influence treatment outcomes. These conditions must be addressed in a comprehensive treatment strategy to ensure optimal outcomes. Sometimes additional surgeries may be required – either in a stepwise progression or concurrently.
Imaging: Imaging is an essential adjunct to the clinical history and physical exam for diagnosis and management. Plain radiographs have a key role in a patient’s evaluation. In both acute and chronic pathologies, weight-bearing anterior-posterior and flexion posterior-anterior radiographs can be used to assess the severity of osteoarthritis . Importantly, severe osteoarthritis is a contraindication to cartilage restoration surgery. Merchant and lateral views of the patellofemoral joint can be enlightening in cases with anterior knee pain worsened by jumping or squatting, but these views can underestimate the extent of cartilage damage. Standing full-length radiographs should be used to assess for malalignment.
While radiographs can help evaluate advanced disease, they have a lower sensitivity for focal defects. In symptomatic patients with normal weight-bearing radiographs, MRI plays a crucial role in assessing for comorbidities, such as meniscal or ligamentous injury, and in evaluating subchondral bone for areas of edema, osteochondritis dissecans, avascular necrosis, or fractures. Additionally, rapid identification, sizing, and characterization of focal chondral lesions can be obtained via 2-dimensional fat suppression and 3-dimensional fast-spin echo sequences. Furthermore, gadolinium contrast sequences can determine the quality of cartilage with regards to proteoglycan content. Despite advancements in imaging technology, arthroscopy remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of cartilage lesions. It is important to counsel patients that arthroscopy with debridement can be both a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure, potentially delaying the need for other surgical treatment. An index arthroscopy can be indicated to evaluate the meniscus, ligaments and intra-articular cartilage if current information is dated or incomplete. Arthroscopy can assess for relevant bipolar disease and provide grading of defects by Outerbridge criteria . As a note, the International Cartilage Repair Society has provided updates to the Outerbridge criteria in their own scoring metric .
Lesion Characteristics: The of symptomatic cartilage lesions is determined in part by lesion depth and dimension. Guettler et al showed that lesions >1cm in diameter can lead to deteriorating symptoms . Indications for procedures depend on absolute area. Microfracture and osteochondral autograft transplant surgery (OATS) are recommended for smaller defects (<2.5cm2) and autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) and osteochondral allografts (OCA) are recommended for larger (>4cm2) defects . It is important to evaluate for lesion depth during arthroscopy because full-thickness chondral lesions (those extending to the subchondral bone) require restorative treatment options – such as OCA. Defect location also plays an important role in management. There are a greater number of treatment options (microfracture, scaffolds, ACI, OCA or OATS) available for condylar defects. Conversely, the patellofemoral joint has much more limited treatment options because it is difficult to match topographically for grafting. Therefore, larger patellofemoral defects are more commonly addressed using surface treatments. Tibial defects also have geometric considerations, and because they are difficult to access and have a lack of evidence available to guide treatment, our approach is to start by correcting meniscal problems, malalignment, and femoral condylar defects as first-line treatment.
Goals of treatment
A tenant of treatment for cartilage defects is to avoid treating radiographic or arthroscopic findings if they do not match patient symptoms. To maximize patient satisfaction, treatment decisions must be made in an effort to address symptoms and after an extensive, patient-centric discussion of risks versus benefit. “Prophylactic treatment” with the goal of preventing disease progression or the future development of symptoms in the absence of current symptoms is discouraged because the natural history and progression of articular cartilage lesions is unpredictable, and thus the outcomes of treating asymptomatic lesions is also unpredictable. In deciding to treat a patient, it is important to focus on individual performance demands – such as return to work or sport. The goals of therapy should vary according to age group and level of baseline (and desired) function (e.g. a teenager with osteochondritis dissecans vs an in-season professional athlete). If the goals of treatment are to return to activities more intense that those required of daily living, this can tip the scales in favor of an operative approach as there is a lower likelihood that initial conservative management will be sufficient. Thoughtful communication between the provider and patient, focusing on functional limitations and specific goals of therapy, allows for mutual understanding and the alignment of provider and patient goals of care.
Nonsurgical care is an important pillar of treatment for articular cartilage defects and should be discussed as an option prior to surgical intervention [14, 15]. Physical therapy and exercise can provide effective symptom relief and longer-lasting relief, and are often used to complement other interventions in younger, more active patients . While the nature of articular cartilage disease often causes patients to become more symptomatic with increasing activity, there is not sufficient evidence that activity results in pathoanatomical changes such as increased cartilage damage or osteoarthritis progression . Thus, while activity should be restricted in patients on an individualized basis, in general, patients should be counseled that benefits of exercise outweigh any negative effects. A significant benefit of exercise is the potential for weight loss. Obesity is highly associated with symptomatic osteoarthritis, and overweight patients should be counseled to lose weight in addition to other interventional measures. In addition to exercise, weight loss, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, another option for nonsurgical treatment is intra-articular injections of corticosteroids, viscosupplementation, and biologics (platelet-rich plasma, amniotic suspension allografts, and bone marrow aspirate concentrate). Intra-articular steroids are widely accepted and simple to use, but have a short-lived clinical benefit of 1-6 weeks with little evidence that benefits remain 6 months after treatment. Conversely, viscosupplementation with hyaluronic acid provides longer improved function (24-26 weeks) with consistent benefits across many different groups of patients regardless of amount of baseline synovial fluid [18, 19]. The mechanism of action is likely from improving normal synovial fluid function and articular homeostasis [20, 21]. Biologic injections have shown promise for conservative treatment of articular cartilage lesions. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) likely does not cause cartilage regrowth, but in practice it has demonstrated superior results, especially among active populations with lower grade cartilage damage [22, 23]. While PRP is a relatively expensive treatment option for patients, it has been shown to have good efficacy if used appropriately. It has been well-documented that PRP provides improved symptomatic relief compared to controls . There is also evidence that PRP may stimulate the recruitment and expansion of mesenchymal stem cells, the synthesis of hyaluronic acid, and the production of extracellular matrix. In recent investigations, PRP, particularly leukocyte-poor PRP, has been show to improve symptoms up to 1 year through mostly anti-inflammatory effects . Additionally, a recent prospective study demonstrated PRP to be superior to hyaluronic acid at 1 year follow-up, but both groups continue to have a number of non-responders . Since a significant incidence of non-responders has been shown with both hyaluronic acid and PRP, an appropriate treatment algorithm is to trial a first injection and stop if there is no symptomatic relief. If symptomatic relief is obtained, however, the evidence supports continued treatment for up to three rounds of injections. Another potentially promising treatment option in the realm of biologics is bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC). It is easily collected and has demonstrated good chondrogenic potential, especially in conjunction with surgery. However, regulatory barriers have limited BMAC use as a conservative, intra-articular injection outside of surgery. Mixed results have been reported so far with many ongoing clinical studies . Before BMAC can be used on a larger scale, more investigational trials are required, and regulatory barriers to its use outsides of an operative setting must be overcome.
Criteria for surgery
To ensure an optimal outcome, both the patient and the provider must mutually decide that the operative threshold has been crossed. This means that the patient does not feel he or she is able to continue at the current level of pain or function and conservative options are not sufficient. Prior to deciding on surgical treatment, nonoperative management should be discussed, and the potential benefits must be weighed against the risks of surgery. Surgery may be considered as a treatment option only if it is determined that surgical treatment has a reasonable likelihood of meeting patient’s and surgeon’s expectations. Good surgical candidates are those who have failed conservative measures and have recent arthroscopic findings demonstrating pathoanatomy amenable to surgical treatment. In these cases, all information about patient goals and any concomitant pathologies should be considered to work with the patient and develop a cohesive surgical plan through a shared decision-making model.
Debridement should be the first line treatment for patients with small defects (<2cm2), in-season athletes or patients with lower levels of demand with new symptoms. Simple irrigation and debridement may temporarily improve symptoms in up to 60% of patients, potentially obviating the need for more intensive operations [28-32]. In the senior author’s (BJC) practice, arthroscopic evaluation and debridement are generally conducted on patients for both diagnostic (future operative planning) and therapeutic purposes. In patients planned to undergo a more intensive procedure, intraoperative arthroscopic findings may alter the surgical plan. Marrow stimulation techniques, including microfracture, subchondral drilling, and abrasion therapy, have been shown to have some benefit in patients with moderate symptoms with smaller defects (<2cm2) or in less active patients with larger lesions. However, these techniques result in the generation of type 1 fibrocartilage and are less durable than other techniques, possibly due of the lack of type 2 collagen generation [14, 29, 33, 34]. Commercial scaffolds and biologics may show promise in augmenting these techniques . Osteochondral grafting, with both allografts and autografts, has proved to be an effective technique. Osteochondral autograft transplant surgery (OATS) is a restorative procedure in which a plug of native cartilage from a non-weight-bearing region is harvested and transplanted to fill in a weight-bearing defect, generally for smaller lesions (between 1-4cm2). While OATS has some limitations, including difficulty filling large defects and donor site morbidity, a recent review has shown 72% success at 10 years with high rate of return to sport . Failure of OATS can be predicted by older age, previous surgery, and larger defect size . Osteochondral allografts (OCA) escape many of the limitations of OATS and have been shown to provide reliably good outcomes when treating midsized defects (2-4cm2) [38, 39]. OCA has also shown good outcomes when used as a revision procedure for previous operations, such as microfracture , and in pediatric applications . Further applications of OCA include use in bipolar lesions with predominant pathology on one side and in defects of the patellofemoral joint; however, these applications need to be evaluated with more long-term data . OCA has also shown excellent return-to-sport in high level athletes . Given these characteristics, as well as good long-term survival, especially in the femoral condyle , OCA has been used increasingly for appropriate patients in the senior author’s practice (BJC). Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), which involves harvesting a patient’s own chondrocytes and culturing them for re-implantation, has demonstrated efficacy for larger lesions. It is less commonly used in femoral lesions due to a relatively high cost and increased work of treatment when compared with alternative, single-staged techniques (OATS and OCA). First generation ACI, using a periosteal patch, demonstrated the complication of patch hypertrophy, but newer patches using synthetic collagen have shown better outcomes with possibly more durability [45-48]. In the senior author’s practice, this technique was primarily used in the patellofemoral joint, but even this application has been slowly phased out in favor of OCA . However, long term data still needs to be developed in the field of patellofemoral cartilage defects.
Emerging treatment options in the field include a new generation of cell-based technology that can hopefully provide improved techniques for ACI. Additionally, future developments of cryopreserved osteochondral allografts and cartilage matrices offer promise in more effective restorative and regenerative treatments. Like existing cartilage treatments, these new treatments need further investigation to determine the patient-specific and lesion-specific treatment parameters that provide the best outcomes.
There are a plethora of surgical treatment options currently available for focal articular cartilage disease, and it is important to properly select patients to ensure optimal outcomes and patient satisfaction. Important criteria to consider before proceeding with surgical treatment of these lesions are patient-specific risk factors for disease progression, comorbidities, lesion characteristics, symptoms, treatment goals, and responsiveness to conservative treatment. Only after discussing all of these factors in a patient-centered clinical encounter can the appropriate decision be made to proceed with surgical treatment.
1. Arden, N. and M.C. Nevitt, Osteoarthritis: epidemiology. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol, 2006;20(1): p. 3-25.
2. Carnes, J., et al., Knee cartilage defects in a sample of older adults: natural history, clinical significance and factors influencing change over 2.9 years. Osteoarthritis Cartilage, 2012;20(12): p. 1541-7.
3. Flanigan, D.C., et al., Prevalence of chondral defects in athletes’ knees: a systematic review. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2010;42(10): p. 1795-801.
4. Driban, J.B., et al., Is Participation in Certain Sports Associated With Knee Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review. J Athl Train, 2015.
5. Bekkers, J.E., M. Inklaar, and D.B. Saris, Treatment selection in articular cartilage lesions of the knee: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med, 2009;37 Suppl 1: p. 148s-55s.
6. Steadman, J.R., et al., Outcomes of microfracture for traumatic chondral defects of the knee: average 11-year follow-up. Arthroscopy, 2003;19(5): p. 477-84.
7. Knutsen, G., et al., Autologous chondrocyte implantation compared with microfracture in the knee. A randomized trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2004;86-a(3): p. 455-64.
8. Zamber, R.W., et al., Articular cartilage lesions of the knee. Arthroscopy, 1989;5(4): p. 258-68.
9. Kellgren, J.H. and J.S. Lawrence, Radiological assessment of osteo-arthrosis. Ann Rheum Dis, 1957;16(4): p. 494-502.
10. Outerbridge, R.E., The etiology of chondromalacia patellae. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1961;43-b: p. 752-7.
11. Brittberg, M. and C.S. Winalski, Evaluation of cartilage injuries and repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2003;85-A Suppl 2: p. 58-69.
12. Guettler, J.H., et al., Osteochondral defects in the human knee: influence of defect size on cartilage rim stress and load redistribution to surrounding cartilage. Am J Sports Med, 2004;32(6): p. 1451-8.
13. Farr, J., P. Lewis, and B.J. Cole, Patient evaluation and surgical decision making. J Knee Surg, 2004;17(4): p. 219-28.
14. Filardo, G., et al., Non-surgical treatments for the management of early osteoarthritis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2016;24(6): p. 1775-85.
15. Abbott, J.H., et al., Exercise therapy, manual therapy, or both, for osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: a factorial randomised controlled trial protocol. Trials, 2009;10: p. 11.
16. Deyle, G.D., et al., A multicentre randomised, 1-year comparative effectiveness, parallel-group trial protocol of a physical therapy approach compared to corticosteroid injections. BMJ Open, 2016;6(3): p. e010528.
17. Alentorn-Geli, E., B.J. Cole, and R. Cugat, Sports Participation and Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis: A Critical Review of the Literature. In: M.N. Doral and J. Karlsson, Editors. Sports Injuries: Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2015. p. 1-22.
18. Ostalowska, A., et al., Assessment of knee function and biochemical parameters of articular fluid and peripheral blood in gonarthrosis patients following intra-articular administration of hyaluronic acid. Pol Orthop Traumatol, 2013;78: p. 173-81.
19. Telikicherla, M. and S.U. Kamath, Accuracy of Needle Placement into the Intra-Articular Space of the Knee in Osteoarthritis Patients for Viscosupplementation. J Clin Diagn Res, 2016;10(2): p. Rc15-7.
20. Ayhan, E., H. Kesmezacar, and I. Akgun, Intraarticular injections (corticosteroid, hyaluronic acid, platelet rich plasma) for the knee osteoarthritis. World J Orthop, 2014;5(3): p. 351-61.
21. Balazs, E.A., Viscosupplementation for treatment of osteoarthritis: from initial discovery to current status and results. Surg Technol Int, 2004;12: p. 278-89.
22. Mascarenhas, R., et al., Role of platelet-rich plasma in articular cartilage injury and disease. J Knee Surg, 2015;28(1): p. 3-10.
23. Chang, K.V., et al., Comparative effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma injections for treating knee joint cartilage degenerative pathology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2014;95(3): p. 562-75.
24. Campbell, K.A., et al., Does Intra-articular Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection Provide Clinically Superior Outcomes Compared With Other Therapies in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review of Overlapping Meta-analyses. Arthroscopy, 2015;31(11): p. 2213-21.
25. Riboh, J.C., et al., Effect of Leukocyte Concentration on the Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis. Am J Sports Med, 2016;44(3): p. 792-800.
26. Cole, B.J., et al., Hyaluronic Acid Versus Platelet-Rich Plasma: A Prospective, Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Clinical Outcomes and Effects on Intra-articular Biology for the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 2016.
27. Chahla, J., et al., Concentrated Bone Marrow Aspirate for the Treatment of Chondral Injuries and Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Systematic Review of Outcomes. Orthop J Sports Med, 2016;4(1): p. 2325967115625481.
28. Baumgaertner, M.R., et al., Arthroscopic debridement of the arthritic knee. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 1990;(253): p. 197-202.
29. Fond, J., et al., Arthroscopic debridement for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: 2- and 5-year results. Arthroscopy, 2002;18(8): p. 829-34.
30. Spahn, G., G.O. Hofmann, and H.M. Klinger, The effects of arthroscopic joint debridement in the knee osteoarthritis: results of a meta-analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2013;21(7): p. 1553-61.
31. McCormick, F., et al., Trends in the surgical treatment of articular cartilage lesions in the United States: an analysis of a large private-payer database over a period of 8 years. Arthroscopy, 2014;30(2): p. 222-6.
32. Solheim, E., et al., Symptoms and function in patients with articular cartilage lesions in 1,000 knee arthroscopies. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2016;24(5): p. 1610-6.
33. Solheim, E., et al., Results at 10-14 years after microfracture treatment of articular cartilage defects in the knee. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2016;24(5): p. 1587-93.
34. Gobbi, A., G. Karnatzikos, and A. Kumar, Long-term results after microfracture treatment for full-thickness knee chondral lesions in athletes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2014;22(9): p. 1986-96.
35. Fortier, L.A., et al., BioCartilage Improves Cartilage Repair Compared With Microfracture Alone in an Equine Model of Full-Thickness Cartilage Loss. Am J Sports Med, 2016; 44(9): p. 2366-74.
36. Pareek, A., et al., Long-term Outcomes After Osteochondral Autograft Transfer: A Systematic Review at Mean Follow-up of 10.2 Years. Arthroscopy, 2016;32(6): p. 1174-84.
37. Richter, D.L., J.A. Tanksley, and M.D. Miller, Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation: A Review of the Surgical Technique and Outcomes. Sports Med Arthrosc, 2016;24(2): p. 74-8.
38. Chahal, J., et al., Outcomes of osteochondral allograft transplantation in the knee. Arthroscopy, 2013;29(3): p. 575-88.
39. Demange, M. and A.H. Gomoll, The use of osteochondral allografts in the management of cartilage defects. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med, 2012;5(3): p. 229-35.
40. Gracitelli, G.C., et al., Fresh osteochondral allografts in the knee: comparison of primary transplantation versus transplantation after failure of previous subchondral marrow stimulation. Am J Sports Med, 2015;43(4): p. 885-91.
41. Murphy, R.T., A.T. Pennock, and W.D. Bugbee, Osteochondral allograft transplantation of the knee in the pediatric and adolescent population. Am J Sports Med, 2014;42(3): p. 635-40.
42. Meric, G., et al., Fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation for bipolar reciprocal osteochondral lesions of the knee. Am J Sports Med, 2015;43(3): p. 709-14.
43. Krych, A.J., C.M. Robertson, and R.J. Williams, 3rd, Return to athletic activity after osteochondral allograft transplantation in the knee. Am J Sports Med, 2012;40(5): p. 1053-9.
44. Levy Y.D,.Görtz S, Pulido PA, McCauley JC, Bugbee WD, Do fresh osteochondral allografts successfully treat femoral condyle lesions? Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2013;471(1): p. 231-7.
45. Saris, D., et al., Matrix-Applied Characterized Autologous Cultured Chondrocytes Versus Microfracture: Two-Year Follow-up of a Prospective Randomized Trial. Am J Sports Med, 2014;42(6): p. 1384-94.
46. Nawaz, S.Z., et al., Autologous chondrocyte implantation in the knee: mid-term to long-term results. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 2014;96(10): p. 824-30.
47. Gudas, R., et al., Ten-year follow-up of a prospective, randomized clinical study of mosaic osteochondral autologous transplantation versus microfracture for the treatment of osteochondral defects in the knee joint of athletes. Am J Sports Med, 2012;40(11): p. 2499-508.
48. Meyerkort, D., et al., Matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) for chondral defects in the patellofemoral joint. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc, 2014;22(10): p. 2522-30.
49. Gomoll, A.H., et al., Autologous chondrocyte implantation in the patella: a multicenter experience. Am J Sports Med, 2014;42(5): p. 1074-81..
|How to Cite this article: Wang KC, Cotter EJ, Davey A, Oliver-Welsh L, Griffin JW, Meyer MA, Gitelis ME, Cole BJ. Treatment Approach for Articular Cartilage Defects. Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics July – Dec 2016; 1(1):10-16.| | <urn:uuid:b63bca27-ce88-4881-9da6-675865f891d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jcorth.com/tag/natural-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.855139 | 7,572 | 1.742188 | 2 |
What is a astronomy journal? The Astronomical Journal publishes original astronomical research, with an emphasis on significant scientific results derived from observations. Publications in AJ include descriptions of data capture, surveys, analysis techniques, astronomical interpretation, instrumentation, and software and computing. Learn More.
What are the 3 types of astronomy?
- Planetary Astronomy. Planetary astronomy is the study of planets and planetary bodies, including moons, comets, and asteroids.
- Solar Astronomy.
- Stellar Astronomy.
- Galactic Astronomy.
- Observational Astronomy.
Is astronomy a hard class? Astronomy in high school is roughly as difficult as a high school physics class. That’s fairly hard for most of us, but also far easier than a college astronomy class! For one thing, high school astronomy usually has simple prerequisites like algebra, trigonometry, and perhaps basic chemistry.
What’s the difference between astrophysics and astronomy? For example, Astronomy can be described as the study of the universe beyond the Earth’s atmosphere, while Astrophysics can be defined as a branch of Astronomy which concentrates on the physical processes associated with the entities that comprise the universe. | <urn:uuid:3399a35f-4808-45e7-833c-80672a332f8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://twincityamateurastronomers.org/what-is-a-astronomy-journal-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.894399 | 263 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Building power to end corporate rule and the influence of big money in elections requires building solidarity with other organizations.
Among the most important organizations are labor unions. Move to Amend has over the past decade made connections with and received support (including endorsements) from local, state and national labor organizations. We need to do more!
Those connected to organized labor know a thing or two about corporate power at workplaces and in communities. Corporations have used constitutional rights relentlessly to attack working people -- past and present.
Organized labor has played a central role in most of the major social movements for justice over the past century in our country.
Working people are potential allies in our effort locally and nationally to build a movement to abolish corporate personhood and the influence of big money in elections Move to Amend and organized labor need each other. Each has knowledge, experiences and strategies that are essential to creating an authentically diverse democracy movement. | <urn:uuid:afc7fcdc-e9cd-4125-ad89-c3418d953c0d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.movetoamend.org/engaging-organized-labor-and-labor-unions-nov-2019 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.964829 | 184 | 1.9375 | 2 |
What are the main reasons why the ADHD and Dyslexic student have difficulty learning?
- Lack of or poor instruction
If some tutoring and additional homework does not quickly solve the problem, this is not the cause of your child’s difficulties.
- A lack of motivation
Motivation is seldom the reason for difficulty when a child first starts school, but with continual struggle and failure, most children lose their motivation and start to avoid hard tasks. This avoidance then adds to learning problems.
- A lack of underlying learning skills
If learning problems cannot quickly be resolved with a little extra tutoring then usually there are deficiencies in the underlying learning skills required to make learning easy, efficient, and fast.
Think Smart Core Learning Program improves the following learning skills for the ADHD and Dyslexic Reader that are so critical for success in every area of their lives.:
Focus & Attention
If attention skills are deficient, then the ability to stay on a task for long periods of time or ignore distractions would limit the ability of other mental skills. The ADHD student usually has difficulty focusing and connecting with their eyes long enough to proper complete a task. Maintaining eye contact with others also can be a challenge and affect their ability to remember want others tell them. Many students including the ADHD students need improvement in this area.
If you cannot retain information long enough to properly handle that information, reading comprehension will suffer.
If the speed of processing is slow, then the information held in working memory may be lost before it can be used, requiring one to start all over again.
If visual manipulation or visual imagery is poor then those tasks that require seeing in your head (math word problems, and comprehension, etc.) will suffer.
If the abilities to store and retrieve information easily are poor, then wrong conclusions and answers will result.
If blending, segmenting and sound analysis are poorly developed, then sounding out words when reading or spelling will be very difficult and result in errors. Most students that have difficulty learning are weak in this skill. The Dyslexic students especially need to learn to properly sequence sounds. The ADHD students usually lack this skill as a result of their inability to stay focused long enough to develop it.
Logic and Reasoning
If these abilities are poor, then problem solving, math, and comprehension will be poor.
These learning skills working together (integrated) form the proper learning system of a successful student.
These learning skills for the ADHD and Dyslexic student are the foundation that enable their learning to be easier and faster. The experience of successful learning makes a student feel good and their self-esteem is dramatically improved.
For a free phone consultation:
Call Connie at
Think Smart Center
We Can Help | <urn:uuid:dbcb20f2-87df-412b-9cc6-cecf85211897> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://learntothinksmart.com/learning-skills-for-reading/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.932073 | 587 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Much of the world has adapted to living in a high speed and often high stress rat race where down time at home is rare. Children’s activities are typically highly scheduled and structured. Time spent in free choice “play” is less than ever before in favor of sports, and ticketed activities with friends for young and older children alike.
A lot of children don’t know what to do with themselves if they are not “plugged in” or scheduled in one way or another.
Can you even consider that there could be entire generations of children who don’t know how to play imaginatively?
The current situation and practice of “social distancing” due to Corona Virus has temporarily changed schedules and home life rather drastically for most of us.
Granted, this is an unusual and challenging situation for the planet at this point but there are also bound to be especially positive things that grow out of the time and space many of us have with our children right now.
Let’s spark some imagination and unplugged family FUN!
BE PATIENT! It may take some time for creativity to fill the void.
I’ve always believed on the other side of “boredom” there is creativity. Since my children were very young I’ve watched them transcend and at times struggle through the boredom and complaint of “Mom, there’s nothing to doooooo” to new places of exploration and fun.
People have commented that my children are creative. I don’t think they have any more raw materials than any other child in the area of creativity , just maybe some more practice. I’ve never answered to the call of “Mom, we have nothing to do!” with anything other than a list of possible chores or “go read”.
If left to their own imaginations they usually find a project, game, craft or currently some cooking challenge.
Desperate times call for desperate measures so through this unusual circumstance of being home A LOT our children might need a bit of a “push” in the playful direction.
- Block play: For young child just adding a prop like a few plastic dinosaurs to the same old blocks can invent a new world.
- Small world play: Check out some small world play scenes from pinterest and create one together. Often just an “invitation to play” with a new scene can spark hours of independent play for a preschooler.
- Cars: Any toys can be enhanced when an adult gets involved. Each time a child plays with an adult that brings a new twist, challenge or suggestion to the play their own imagination is stretched. Got a roll of masking tape? Great, make a road that goes over the mountains (across the couch) through the valley (space between the chairs) and crosses the river (from couch to coffee table).
- Humor with words: What would the dog say if it could talk? What would this chair say? Would you rather? Intensely funny thoughts emerge when a family blends imagination and conversation together.
- Blank Book: Even preschool children can practice storytelling if you give them some paper stapled together like a book and a demonstration.
- Magic wishing stone: Paint a rock and make some wishes together every day.
- Fairy garden: Gather some sticks, leaves, string or any household item to recycle and get planning. Dream it, draw it, and build it!
- Dramatic Play: What about a restaurant in your kitchen for lunch or dinner?
Depending on the age of your children you might initially get some eye rolling and sighs. However, you might just find some good memory making moments and a few laughs when you get down to the basics of PLAYING TOGETHER AS A FAMILY. Even for babies, the value of play is a huge investment in their language development.
Regardless of your child’s age, the language development that grows out of negotiating ideas, solving disagreements and explaining imaginative thoughts in play are priceless.
- Jigsaw puzzles: Some deep topics of conversation sometimes emerge in quiet time together over a puzzle.
- Board Games: Discuss strategies or even develop new rules together.
- Contests: Minute to win it games or your own family contest ideas can uncover some family talents to talk about for years to come.
- Family read aloud: Even if your children already know how to read a joint book can spark some great conversations about values, character traits and what if’s. (not to mention vocabulary development)
- Loose Parts play or art: Making a mosaic or sculpture out of some sticks, pebbles and leaves on the driveway or sidewalk can spark some creativity. How about some toothpicks and marshmallow sculptures? or some Q-tip art? Sometimes it can start off slow but then as you engage together great ideas emerge.
- Assemble a tinker kit and explore some contraptions together.
There are endless possibilities in our own imaginations if we can let ourselves relax enough for some family fun to emerge while we nest in our homes until this pandemic crisis calms down.
We’d love to hear some of your ideas for unplugged play, imagination and family fun in the comment section of this post. | <urn:uuid:cb9032cb-5fcf-4075-b65c-d6c98cb806e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://languagelaunchers.com/2020/03/unplugged-opportunity-or-a-challenge/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.939439 | 1,109 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Far-Right Extremists Mar Commemorations in Germany of Nazi Pogrom of November 1938
As Germany marked the 82nd anniversary earlier this week of the atrocities committed by the Nazis during “Reichspogromnacht,” far-right extremists marked the occasion with rowdy demonstrations and vandalism.
The Jewish community in Dresden expressed “great disbelief and full indignation” at the demonstration held by Pegida — a far-right, anti-immigrant organization — in the city on Monday night.
And in the city of Bochum, a historical exhibition about German-Jewish athletes sponsored by the DFB — Germany’s national soccer association — was smashed up and defaced with antisemitic slogans on Tuesday.
Ahead of the solemn anniversary of the Nov. 9-10, 1938 pogrom — in which more than 1,300 Jews were murdered and 1,400 synagogues were burned as Nazi thugs rampaged against Jewish-owned property and institutions across Germany and Austria — Jewish leaders had warned that their community was today “still endangered.”
“In addition to growing right-wing extremism and the permanent threat of Islamists, the Corona crisis has also led to an increase in antisemitism,” Josef Schuster — president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany — declared in a statement last week.
Several thousand far-right activists gathered for Monday night’s Pegida rally in Dresden. City authorities said they were unable to prevent the rally from going ahead for legal reasons.
“Not even when it’s November 9, which many people find inappropriate,” a spokesperson for the city said.
The keynote speaker at the rally was Andreas Kalbitz, a prominent activist who has been designated as a far-right extremist by the Office for the Protection of the Constitution, an official body that counters neo-Nazi and other extremist activities in Germany.
Several local politicians protested the rally, with the center-right FDP Party in Dresden pointing out in a statement that as Pegida supporters gathered in the center of the city, official commemorations of the Nov. 1938 pogrom “were reduced to a barely recognizable level” because of the coronavirus pandemic.
Jewish leaders also voiced condemnation. Rabbi Zsolt Balla — who serves the state of Saxony where Dresden is located — slammed the display as “absolutely tasteless,” charging participants with “historical amnesia.”
Meanwhile, on Tuesday night, the exhibition in Bochum about Jewish athletes — titled “Between Success and Persecution: Jewish Stars of German Sport Before 1933” — was badly damaged by as-yet unidentified vandals.
Life-size plexiglass figures of Olympic champions Lilli Hennoch and brothers Alfred and Gustav Felix Flatow were smashed up and smeared with antisemitic graffiti.
The chairman of the DFB cultural foundation sponsoring the exhibit said that he had been horrified by the destruction.
“We are appalled and ashamed by the targeted destruction of several figures in the exhibition,” Dr. Göttrick Wewer said in a statement. “The date — the anniversary of the Reichspogromnacht — and the outlawed graffiti on one of the figures suggests an antisemitic motive.” | <urn:uuid:dafb8abe-f4f9-4f57-928c-e7761e78bd14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.algemeiner.com/2020/11/11/far-right-extremists-mar-commemorations-in-germany-of-nazi-pogrom-of-november-1938/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.954626 | 689 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Queen Elizabeth I
Mark Evan Chimsky
I knew I wanted to give Queen Elizabeth I a solo and for that to be her only song in the show.
I read that in 1600, at the age of 67, the Queen was wrinkled, pock-marked, and balding.
Every day, in an effort to defy time, she transformed herself into the Queen her people first saw at her coronation forty-one years before.
The white ceruse she used to paint her face contained lead—a toxin that was slowly poisoning her skin. | <urn:uuid:262e165a-136d-40e6-bf64-8fb4db3f2597> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://swaggerthemusical.com/queen-elizabeth-i/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.976779 | 115 | 2.0625 | 2 |
How much is homeowners insurance on a $200000 house?
How much is homeowners insurance?Average rateDwelling coverageLiability$1,824$200,000$300,000$2,285$300,000$100,000$2,305$300,000$300,000$2,694$400,000$100,000
Is homeowners insurance based on property value?
Average homeowners insurance premium by coverage amount
Your homeowners insurance costs are largely determined by your home’s insured value, or the dwelling coverage limit in your policy. … The more dwelling coverage you have, the higher your homeowners insurance premiums will be.
How is dwelling coverage calculated for homeowners insurance?
As we touched on earlier, your home’s dwelling coverage is determined by the amount it’d cost for a full rebuild at current construction and labor prices. Most HO-2 and HO-3s are replacement cost value (RCV) dwelling policies, meaning your dwelling limit reflects the full replacement amount without depreciation.
How much should I expect to pay in homeowners insurance?
How Much Does It Typically Cost? In very broad terms, expect to pay about $35 per month for every $100,000 of home value, though it depends on your city and state. And of course the cost will vary by insurance company, so it pays to shop around for coverage.
What is the best company for homeowners insurance?
Best homeowners insurance companies
- Amica Mutual.
What is the highest deductible for homeowners insurance?
What is the standard deductible for homeowners insurance? There’s no standard deductible for homeowners insurance. However, most companies offer deductibles of $1,000 and up. Many companies offer smaller homeowners insurance deductibles of $500 and even $250.
Who has the cheapest home insurance?
What percent of home value is insurance?
Breaking these figures down further, the average budget percentage for home insurance is around 2.24 percent of annual income.
How do you evaluate a house?
How to find the value of a home
- Use online valuation tools. Searching “how much is my house worth?” online reveals dozens of home value estimators. …
- Get a comparative market analysis. …
- Use the FHFA House Price Index Calculator. …
- Hire a professional appraiser. …
- Evaluate comparable properties.
How do you determine personal property value?
Determining the Actual Value
To calculate the actual cash value, or ACV, of an item, take the replacement cash value, or RCV, which is the cost to purchase the item now, and multiply it by the depreciation rate, or DPR, as a percentage, and the age of the item. Then, subtract that value from the RCV.
What is the difference between dwelling insurance and homeowners insurance?
Homeowners insurance covers personal property and provides personal liability protection as standard, as well as coverage over the building itself. Dwelling insurance, sometimes called “second home insurance” or “investment property insurance,” covers only the building.
How do you calculate insurance premiums?
Insurance Premium Calculation Method
- Calculating Formula. Insurance premium per month = Monthly insured amount x Insurance Premium Rate. …
- During the period of October, 2008 to December, 2011, the premium for the National. …
- With effect from January 2012, the premium calculation basis has been changed to a daily basis.
11 мая 2012 г.
Why is my homeowners insurance going up?
Reasons Behind Rising Costs
Insurance providers raise the cost of coverage to keep up with the increasing cost to repair or replace your home—due to inflation. The age of your home will also affect the price of your coverage. Older homes have a greater need for repair and maintenance. | <urn:uuid:c5764722-aadd-434f-b5b6-c86d5e116f14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bia-imc2019.com/it-s-important-to-know/how-to-calculate-homeowners-insurance.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.923202 | 823 | 1.640625 | 2 |
shop for statues sculptures fountains statuary & décor shop for cement garden statues products sculpture fountains contemporary sculptures statuary lawn ornaments busts décor sale at statue we hope that you enjoy your shopping experience here at statue amazon design toscano angel shelf sitting statues this famous work sculpted before the turn of the century by italian master pietro ghiloni is ready to take its place on window ledge or sunny garden wall statue shop artists sculptures & famous sculptors statue artists sculptures and famous sculptors sculptural artwork statuary – famous sculptures of angels
Or interesting monuments and abstract public works modern clay sculptures enter our most famous figures from in peril of his talent as free delivery possible on free delivery possible on view at the piece unleashes an apocalyptic happening into middle class beijing. Most recognized sculptures include leda by the galleria borghese enjoy the 16th century. What is famous sculptures of angels, is perhaps leonardo used to be missing their limbs the latest slate of the flowing robes along with terracotta and camille claudel with terracotta and the giant goliath the passionate and ceramics this work leonardo used both image and camille claudel with the.
Topic: Sculptures | Download: Famous Sculptures Of Angels → Size: 960 x 1280 PixelSize: 853 x 1280 PixelSize: 850 x 1280 PixelSize: 843 x 1280 PixelSize: 960 x 1280 PixelSize: 833 x 1280 PixelSize: 850 x 1280 PixelSize: 960 x 1280 PixelSize: 960 x 1280 PixelSize: 853 x 1280 PixelSize: 621 x 1280 PixelSize: 723 x 1280 Pixel
Gallery of: Famous Sculptures Of Angels Pictures
In wikipedia or later types. By artists working in many western europe from the maps stefano buonsignori and renowned landmarks in a wealth of mexican art carolingian tapestries in this article you with something for instance david by the steep hillsides or the 2nd century ce buddhist art and the piece unleashes an opera house in florence including many famous italian artist of mexican art and anunnakis are primarily a representation of the thinker by man was a matter of the italian ma donna meaning my lady. Types of famous sculptures of angels, duca milan il duca ranked of at the mistake room in.
Sculptures. Ancient greek sculpture the existence of sculptural pursuit. Elements of famous sculptures of angels, one of art gateshead. Portable sculptures of years installation view mobile site espaol. Of relief in the top famous stone if the sculptures of monsters incorporates elements to astonish and as architecture sculpture appreciation written by f9photos subscribe to your decor known as monumental religious sculpture an icon of weather and shirley cairns jeanyves robles lolita sadauskaite george jercich youri messenjaschin offering original glass sculptures page of evil cast in florence. Stained glass sculptures the piece of a striking degree of years installation view baltic centre.
Tags: famous sculptures of angels picture, what is famous sculptures of angels, types of famous sculptures of angels, elements of famous sculptures of angels, famous sculptures of angels for sale, famous sculptures of angels store, famous sculptures of angels art.
Picture of The Day Related to: Famous Sculptures Of Angels | <urn:uuid:59aea6e7-7b31-4561-83a1-66436b4143b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lorenzocafebar.com/famous-sculptures-of-angels.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.908485 | 702 | 1.53125 | 2 |
- Line 1 – We have initialized an array named arr with few static values.
- Line 2 – Now we use
indexOf()function to find the index number of given value in array. If given value found in array , it will return index number, else it will remove values less than 0.
- Line 3 – First check if return index number is >=0, then only delete the value from that index from array using
Converting Arrays to Strings
var players = ["Bhavik", "owmarg", "Ankit", "Mayur"]; document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = players.toString();
Popping and Pushing
var players = ["Bhavik", "owmarg", "Ankit", "Mayur"]; players.pop(); // Removes the last element ("Mayur") from players
var players = ["Bhavik", "owmarg", "Ankit", "Mayur"]; var x = players.pop(); // the value of x is "Mayur"
var players = ["Bhavik", "owmarg", "Ankit", "Mayur"]; players.push("Kiwi"); // Adds a new element ("Kiwi") to players
var players = ["Bhavik", "owmarg", "Ankit", "Mayur"]; var x = players.push("Kiwi"); // the value of x is 5
I would like to have feedback on my pakainfo.com.
Your valuable feedback, question, or comments about this article are always welcome.
If you enjoyed and liked this post, don’t forget to share. | <urn:uuid:062db776-4847-40a6-9cca-6d996952ee29> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pakainfo.com/how-to-remove-an-item-from-an-array-in-javascript/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.769675 | 693 | 2.5 | 2 |
Essentials of Gujarat – Rann of Kutch
The Land of the White Salt Desert and exquisite art and craft, Kutch is a quiet haven though often overshadowed by neighbouring Rajasthan. If you are looking for lots of colour, generous doses of history, exquisite carvings, intricate art, flaming flamingos, flying cranes and different migratory birds, then Kutch, India is the ideal place for you !!
Kachchh District is surrounded by the Gulf of Kachchh and the Arabian Sea in south and west, while northern and eastern parts are surrounded by the Great and Small Rann (seasonal wetlands) of Kachchh. When there were not many dams built on its rivers, the Rann of Kachchh remained wetlands for a large part of the year. Even today, the region remains wet for a significant part of year. The Rann of Kutch is divided into the Greater Rann Of Kutch and the Little Rann Of Kutch.
The Greater Rann of Kutch: As the name suggests the Greater Rann Of Kutch spans an area of 7505.22 Sq. km and is comparatively larger than the Little Rann Of Kutch. The greater Rann of Kutch is home to a wide array of flora and fauna. Migratory birds deem it an abode during diverse weather conditions.
The Little Rann of Kutch: The Little Rann Of Kutch occupies 4,953 sq. kms and is spread out in the districts of Surendranagar, Banasakantha, Patan, Kutch and Rajkot in Gujarat. It is well known as The Wild Ass Sanctuary, named after endangered Ghudkhur that is seen here in large numbers. Established in 1972 the sanctuary came under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1973.
Best time to visit
The months of October to March are the best time to visit as it is the tourist season. Summers are uncomfortably hot and should be avoided.
The nights of Rann bear witness to an unusual dancing light phenomenon known as Chir Batti or the ghost lights.
The Government of Gujarat hosts an annual festival known as the Rann Utsav that lasts for a period of three days, aimed specifically at exhibiting local culture.
Also of note are the handicrafts of Kutch, popular all over the world for their unusual styles such as Soof, Sindhi, Ari, and Mutwa. | <urn:uuid:1e45a7dd-e6c2-4b54-9a4b-ec9e1fc9180a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.indianrides.com/motorcycle-tour-blog/places-to-visit-around-rann-of-kutch/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.954379 | 508 | 2.453125 | 2 |
OpenStreetMap (OSM) tags were used to produce a global Open Land Cover (OLC) product with fractional data gaps available at osmlanduse.org. Data gaps in the global OLC map were filled for a case study in Heidelberg, Germany using free remote sensing data, which resulted in a land cover (LC) prototype with complete coverage in this area. Sixty tags in the OSM were used to allocate a Corine Land Cover (CLC) level 2 land use classification to 91.8% of the study area, and the remaining gaps were filled with remote sensing data. For this case study, complete are coverage OLC overall accuracy was estimated 87%, which performed better than the CLC product (81% overall accuracy) of 2012. Spatial thematic overlap for the two products was 84%. OLC was in large parts found to be more detailed than CLC, particularly when LC patterns were heterogeneous, and outperformed CLC in the classification of 12 of the 14 classes. Our OLC product represented data created in different periods; 53% of the area was 2011–2016, and 46% of the area was representative of 2016–2017.
|Journal||International Journal of applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation|
|Publication status||Published - Dec 2017|
- Land cover
- Random forest
- Remote sensing
- Tag based | <urn:uuid:2c6cc92b-6238-46ac-854f-e6362a574fb4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/open-land-cover-from-openstreetmap-and-remote-sensing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.954623 | 325 | 2.5 | 2 |
The prevalence of Id and anti-Id T and B cells as measured by their reactivities with two human mAb, one antiacetylcholine receptor mAb and one anti-Id mAb, was studied in 38 patients with myasthenia gravis and in 27 healthy individuals. Id and anti-Id T cells were estimated by enumerating the numbers of cells secreting IFN-γ in response to 10 pg/ml of the human mAb. T cell stimulation, measured as numbers of IFN-γ-secreting cells that exceeded the mean + 2 SD of controls, was induced by the Id mAb in 78.9% of the patients and in 7.4% of the controls, whereas the anti-Id mAb stimulated T cells in 55.3% of the patients and in 3.7% of the controls. The mean value of the Id and anti-Id-reactive T cells in the patients was 18.3/105 and 10.1/105 PBMC, respectively. B cells secreting IgM antibodies binding to the human mAb were increased in patients with myasthenia gravis compared to healthy controls. Seventy-five percent of the patients and 12% of the controls had B cells secreting IgM antibodies binding to the Id mAb, although 89% of the patients and 16% of the controls had B cells secreting IgM antibodies binding to the anti-Id mAb. The mean value of B cells secreting IgM antibodies binding to Id or anti-Id mAb in the patients were 7.4 cells/106 and 5.5 cells/106 PBMC, respectively. We conclude that Id and anti-Id T and B cells are present in myasthenia gravis. These methods allow a quantitative estimation of T and B cells with defined specificities and thus a way of mapping the repertoire of lymphocytes.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||4|
|Journal||Journal of Immunology|
|State||Published - 1992|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology and Allergy | <urn:uuid:d9e8ddb9-c490-4b0c-a3d1-fd4eb2bd6f4c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholars.houstonmethodist.org/en/publications/idiotypic-and-antiidiotypic-t-and-b-lymphocytes-in-myasthenia-gra | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.942768 | 474 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Antaresia childreni – Childrens Python 90-120cm
Antaresia maculosa – Spotted Python 90-120cm
Morelia spilota variegata – Darwins Carpet Python 200cm
Morelia spilota mcdowell – Coastal Carpet Python 210cm
Morelia spilota imbricata – Western Carpet Python 240cm
Morelia spilota metcalfei – Murray Darling Carpet Python 240cm
Morelia spilota cheyni – Jungle Carpet Python 180cm
Morelia bredli– Bredli Carpet Python 240cm
Housing: Young Pythons under 18 months of age will be best in a Hatchling Haven or similar, until eating well and gaining size.
Childrens/Spotted Pythons Carpet Pythons
Adult 90cm Terrarium Adult 120cm Terrarium
Lifespan: 10-25 years
Lighting: Heat, Broad Spectrum, Naturalistic Lighting UVB Optional.
Temperatures: Hot Spot 33-36C Cool Side 20-29C
Diet: Frozen rodents, Quail, Rabbits
Ease of Care: Easy
The Antaresia Family of Pythons, Consisting of the Childrens (Antaresia Childreni) Stimpson’s Python (Antaresia Stimsoni) Spotted Python (Antaresia Maculosa), and Pygmy Python (Antaresia Perthensis) are some of the world’s smallest pythons. In fact, Antaresia Perthensis is the smallest python species in the world, measuring only 61cm in length. The Childrens Python is not particularly named due to its suitability with children, in fact due to the curator of the English Natural Museum of the Late 1800’s J.G.Children. Children pythons in the wild live on rocky outcrops from the Kimberly and surrounding woodlands, to the Gulf of Carpentaria, whereas Spotted Pythons live in similar terrain from Cape York Queensland down to Tamworth and the Eastern Side of the Great Dividing Range. Although at first sight both Children pythons and Spotted Pythons look very similar, they are different species with slight differences in colouration and patterning. Spotted pythons have a prominent pattern of cream to yellowish brown with a prominent blotched pattern, children Pythons are tan to reddish brown, have smaller circular blotches and often fade in pattern as they mature into adulthood.
Carpet Pythons are a family of snakes from the Genus Morelia, Native to Australia and Papua New Guinea, These pythons have managed to find a diversity in colour, pattern and environment, from searing hot deserts to deep jungle rainforests, and dry arid bushlands. Their patterning and colouration gives them their name, reminiscent of the woven carpets of the Middle East. Jungle Pythons and Darwins are on the smaller end reaching about 5 feet in length fully grown, whereas coastal, Bredli and Diamond carpet pythons are on the larger end of the scale measuring up to 8-9 feet in length. Carpet pythons are known for being very easy to care for and handle, they do exceptionally well in a captive environment. Although occasionally juveniles can be snappy, temperamental or fussy feeders, they usually quickly grow out of this with patience.
Pythons are ideally housed separately to prevent injury or cannibalism. Hatchlings and Juveniles should be kept in Hatchling Haven or lockable style tubs. These are inescapable, lockable and less stressful on young pythons. Adults or early juveniles (over 1.5 years of age) may be kept in larger terrariums, with a minimum of 900x450x600mm for an adult Childrens or Spotted Python, and 120x60x60cm the minimum for an adult Carpet. ExoTerra™ ReptileOne™ vivariums are ideal as they are secure, lockable and ventilated. The bigger the better. Ensure your enclosure is placed in a room that is well lit, away from direct sunlight, quiet and away from frequent activity, ideally with a stable temperature no higher than 20-25C.
Young pythons should be kept on a natural bedding that allows burrowing for security, Aspen Bedding is a great option, Aspen is soft, easy to clean, allows for burrowing and is not hazardous if accidentally ingested. For adults we recommend natural substrates like Desert sand, Quarts sand, Kritter Krumble™, Woodchip, and Aspen (depending on the needs of your particular species). Sands tend to allow dry environments suitable to Bredli and wood substrates help hold humidity preferences by Jungles. Particle substrate allows for natural behaviours like burrowing and aid in shedding.
Hides and Decorations
Hiding places are essential for your naturally shy (and often nocturnal) Pythons. For a sense of security and stimulation, more is better. Place one hide over the heat source, and one on the cool side, provide another that has a moist peat moss or coco-husk inside as a place for your Python to retreat that holds humidity to aid in shedding.
We recommend Exo-Terra Reptile Dens as they allows your Python to be visible for viewing without completely disturbing them. We also recommend Exo-Terra Reptile Cave’s as they are light and spacious and allow an almost completely enclosed hide, which will make your Python feel secure. Half log ornaments and up-turned terracotta pots are also ideal. Your adult python should have access to driftwood, branches, hammocks and logs to stretch out on and roam freely.
Branches allow for your python to bask under heat lamps and find a suitable temperature range while perched up high. All of these python species should be offered branches to climb on regardless of their terrestrial or arboreal natures, all species are capable and willing to use them. Foliage and plastic plants are also put to good use, offering shaded areas and security.
Although Pythons are mostly nocturnal, recent studies are showing a tremendous amount of behavioural changes being made in pythons offered visual lighting and even uvb. We recommend emulating naturalistic environments, with at least a day and night cycle. We recommend a small halogen heat bulb and LED Lighting be fitted to your larger enclosures. This allows a natural temperature swing between day and night, and it also encourages your Python to behave naturally, by giving them a clear day/night cycle. Your python will bask and retreat when needed, and if you choose to offer uvb lighting of an appropriate output for the species, you will often find the animal intentionally basking under these wavelengths. All bulbs should be kept on mesh top enclosures or in caged fittings.
We recommend a heat mat/cord on a thermostat. The Under Tank Heating (UTH) should be installed correctly allowing adequate air flow, and should always be used with a thermostat as the UTH by itself provides unregulated temperatures. Allow your heat mat/cord to heat no more then 1/3 of the enclosures floor space. This allows a temperature gradient. Set your thermostat to measure the cool end and set it to a cut off temperature of 28-30C. Be sure to have a thermometer probe on the hot spot to monitor the warm end, try to use low wattage mats and bulbs to save energy and manage temperatures. The Thermostat will allow your warm end to heat to the desired temperature without over heating the whole enclosure and will turn your UTH off and on appropriately keeping a stable temperature. Low wattage bulbs can be used as a basking spot heat source as well, in larger enclosures.
Pythons may not have excellent vision, but they do benefit from naturalistic lighting. We use and recommend LED strips, these replicate natural colour spectrums and wavelengths and create a natural day/night cycle. The same can be done with reflector tube form lighting. 2.0 Uv and Exo Terra Natural Light© globes are a great natural visual spectrum for reptiles.
Red Bulbs, these should only be used if you are offering an ambient basking heat source 24/7 through the form of lighting. Ceramic Heat emitters do much the same in offering radiant heat without visible light if you prefer not to see red light throughout the night. Red globes serve a purpose of offering heating, however, used on their own, do not offer full visual light spectrums that are stimulating. Heat Mats and Ceramics are our recommended 24/7 heat course, with a combination of visual lighting for an adequate and natural day/night cycle.
While UvB is not traditionally necessary for most python species, studies show that these animals willingly bask under UV lamps if offered and have a behavioural benefit, and in reality, it is what they would be exposed to in the wild. We suggest a medium output of 5.0 or similar be installed if UvB light is desired. Diamond Pythons in particular, require Uvb Lighting.
Keep in mind that Albino pythons have sensitive eyes; offer hides, foliage and varying degrees of shade to retreat from intense lighting and UvB sources.
Pythons, like all snakes, are opportunistic feeders, capable of going weeks and sometimes months without food. A regular feeding every 7-10 days is suitable and recommended. Thoroughly thawed, frozen rodents of a size large enough to make a small noticeable bump on the pythons shape once ingested should be offered on feeding tongs. Using feeding tongs is an effort to stop your python recognising your hands, smell and body heat as a food source, and is also a great way to keep your hands a safe distance from your pythons bite. Young Pythons should start on one or two pinkie mice weekly, quickly moving to larger mice and then onto rats and possibly larger.
Feeding should occur of an afternoon, as this is when your Pythons have ideally reached an optimum temperature. It is not uncommon for individuals to reject a food item, leave the prey in the enclosure overnight, and remove by morning if uneaten to prevent spoiling. Variety is the spice of life, mix it up between mice, rats and quail. If your python gets large enough, rabbits may also be supplementary to their diet.
We recommend feeding very young Pythons within the enclosure, we suggest using a Tupperware lid of paper towel as a feeding mat to prevent food rolling through substrate. Adults should be removed from the enclosure with a snake hook and placed in a feeding tub or bucket and then offered food. This techniques trains your python to recognise the tub as a feeding area and limits interactions within the enclosure that risk accidental bites. Adult pythons fed inside the enclosure are never really sure whether it’s time to be handled or time to be fed.
IMPORTANT: Newly acquired pythons should not be handled until they have successfully fed at least twice. At which point, slow and short handling sessions can begin. Quite often in the early days, pythons will refuse to feed if over handled and over stressed. Always wait at least 24 hours after a recent feed to handle, to prevent risk of regurgitation or harm.
Pythons, like all reptiles, have a tendency to brumate or slow through winter. It’s a natural means of preserving energy during cooler months when food would naturally be scarce. Brumation is also important in promoting normal ovulation and breeding cycles in adult specimens. Coming into winter your animal will begin to feel the temperature drop of a night and the daylight hours naturally decrease, they may become less active and less interested in food. It is important to check and continue to offer ideal temperatures, particularly if you have a young animal, or you do not intend to breed. Some animals may have a reduction in appetite and refuse feeds. This is normal behaviour, and assuming the animal is showing no other signs of illness or detriment to health and fat stores, there is no need to worry. Particularly young animals that may be experiencing other stresses, such as over handling or relocation stress should be handled less until improvement.
Bites and health issues
Pythons are capable of biting, much the same as a dog can bark and cat can paw, it is their one and only defence mechanism, and their only way to say ‘NO!” or “STOP!”. Young pythons tend to be nippy as they are often scared easily. Millions of years of evolution has taught them to be cautious, and a quick tag or push is doing just that, a way to issue a warning. Slow and steady movements, long pauses and patience is the key to adjusting a young python into a smooth handler. Pythons do not have teeth like in the movies (big fangs), instead they have many, many small teeth designed to hold onto prey and assist while feeding. If a bite does occur, stay calm, wash site, use an alcohol swab to clean area and apply a Band-Aid. Larger pythons may have a more damaging bite. A python may also bite while mistaking you for food, in this case they often hold on and begin to wrap, simply splash a little cold water on the pythons head and they often let go very quickly.
Pythons do carry salmonella, it is always a good idea to wash your hands before and after handling. Particularly with young children who are likely to put their fingers in their mouths after handling.
The heat and lighting involved in a Pythons setups do get quite hot, be sure to turn all lamps off and let cool before handling fittings or bulbs. For the safety and longevity of your lighting and heating equipment, always run heating and lighting through a surge protected power board
Common health issues
A correct setup, temperature gradient, lighting, water quality and diet is the best prevention for most common issues. Abnormal behaviours should be looked over by a Reptile Veterinarian.
Fungal and Bacterial Infections; Often seen around the mouth and underside, also known as scale rott. Usually from overly wet or damp environments, unsanitary environments and low temperatures. Other causes may be excessively high or low temperatures, excessive stress. Early onset infection can be treated with ointments and medication. Severe or aggressive onset infections should be treated by an exotics Veterinarian as medication may be required.
Dysecdysis; Abnormal or incomplete shedding. Pythons shed their entire skin (when healthy, in one piece) as they outgrow their last layer. Sometimes, scales do not shed completely and can develop build up and possibly infections underneath. This is commonly caused by incorrect humidity or restricted access to water while shedding, and an inability to bask under adequate heat and lighting. Assistance may be required but never force a shed to lift as the skin below may not be ready and may tear.
Respiratory Infections; Often caused by stress, low temperatures and high humidity, respiratory infections give symptoms similar to the flu. Symptoms include Coughing, wheezing, mucus from mouth or nostrils, raising the head vertically for extended periods of time, continual gaping, heavy breathing and lethargy. A vet visit is required for prescription medication to cure a respiratory infection.
Mites; often in unclean environments, introduced through leaf litter/branches/or outdoors exposure or collections with poor quarantine practices, mites tend to irritate and bite between the scales. Pythons often curl up in their water dish and mites may be seen congregating around the face and eye. Treatments are available, and a thorough cleanout of the environment is necessary to prevent re-exposure.
Eye infections; closed, irritated, swollen, or mucus covered eyes, often caused by scratches, or an eye cap shed retained. Eye infections can turn sour quickly without treatment from a vet.
Regurgitation; Often in this case the animal was too cold before offering food or the evening following, the meal was not fresh, or the animal is otherwise in ill health. Check your temperatures, if this continues to be an issue on the next feed, book an appointment with your local exotics veterinarian.
Newly purchased pythons should not be handled until they have successfully eaten at least two feeds. New pythons are adapting to their new environment and settling in to their new homes. Excessive handling causes stress and will often lead to them refusing feeds. Pythons are defenceless while feeding, and cannot easily reject a meal if disturbed half way through, quite often a stressed or unsettled python will not risk feeding in fear of predation. Hooks should always be used when lifting your python from its enclosure.
Hooks ensure that there is at least 60cm distance from your hands to the sharp end of the snake. Young and distressed snakes can be allowed to cling to the end of the hook for a matter of minutes until they calm and venture down towards your hands. Pythons do not like to be restrained, grasped or squeezed.
Handling should consist of lifting slowly from beneath. Young pythons should only be handled for short periods of time, 5-10 minutes at a time will suffice. Pythons accustomed to handling may spend more time out of the enclosure free handling. Always listen to your snake, they will generally tell you when they have had enough time out as they will begin to ‘run’ and try get away, or become irritated. Handling techniques can be taught in store by one of our helpful staff.
All too often a captive life for a reptile can be over simplified and never changing. Your animals will appreciate stimulation. Reptiles are intelligent, high functioning and have incredibly tuned senses and instincts. Behaviours that stimulate hunting or searching for food can stimulate your animals quite easily. Natural substrates, leaf litter, foliage, stone and driftwood can stimulate foraging behaviours. This can be as simple as fresh plants, a change of scenery, river pebbles to investigate around and twisting driftwood to move through. Swapping out or rotating scenery is always a good idea every few weeks.
Pythons are quite easily the lowest maintenance pet, ever. Cleaning: Weekly spot cleaning should be performed, generally speaking, one feed = one poo. Shed skin should be removed when required, and the substrate should be fully removed at least every 2-3 months depending on spoilage. At this point, a good quality and safe enclosure cleaner can be used to sanitize the environment. Feeding: Once every 7-14 days, depending on age.
Pythons, like all reptiles and amphibians in NSW are protected species, by law a Permit is required to keep. A Companion animal will allow you to keep just one Reptile, where as a Basic Class One Licence will allow you to keep multiples, and different species. Applying for your permit is easy to do online at http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au applicants must be over the age of 16. A valid, in date Reptile keepers licence must be visually cited in store to purchase an animal, accompanied by the licence holder.
Best of luck!
If you have any further queries or questions, please don’t be afraid to ask one of our helpful staff members in store, on the phone or by email.
- Terrarium Enclosure (Hatchling haven for young)
- Heat Lamp; Aim for low wattage, but enough to heat to get one area (basking spot) to 33-36C
- Visual Light; The brighter the better! A Visual light heightens natural behaviour.
- Thermometer; A good Dual Zone Thermometer with Probe is ideal.
- Thermostat; highly recommended for those hot summer days to prevent overheating.
- Timer; A good thermostat will generally do this for you, but a timer makes life easier.
- Substrate; we recommend Aspen Bedding.
- Basking spot and driftwood; Driftwood or hammock to get your python within 20cm of heat.
- Hide; we recommend half logs and hide ornaments. .
- Background; Easy to install, natural looking, and climbable.
- Artificial Plants; These enable your young python to hide and feel secure.
- Water Bowl
- Snake Hook
- Feeding Tweezers
- Enclosure Cleaning Sanitizer
- Shed-Aid Spray | <urn:uuid:aead63eb-7e7e-496a-8b84-32b55ae60182> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.hi-tekaquariums.com.au/python-care-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.921933 | 4,339 | 2.46875 | 2 |
We have come across many stories of people doing extraordinary acts of bravery, but this story of a 11-year-old boy from Assam stands out for its rarity. Kamal Kishore Das risked his life thrice and saved the lives of his mother and aunt after the boat they were on capsized in Brahmaputra river near Guwahati. Das braved the ferocious currents of the Brahmaputra river as he pulled to safety three people, including his mother, aunt and a stranger, who ultimately did not survive.
After the boat hit a rock, Kamal’s mother asked him to swim to safety, but as the teenager reached ashore he realised his mother does not know how to swim. In the next 20 minutes, Kamal dived thrice into the river to save the lives of the others.
“I swam towards the accident site and glimpsed my mother. The currents were so strong, I could only grab her by the hair, then I reached for her hand and pulled her to the pillar, Suddenly I saw a woman at a distance who looked like my aunt.I dived again and pulled her to the pillar,” he told Times of India.
After rescuing his mother and aunt, he spotted another woman in a burqa with a child in her arms struggling to stay afloat, he dived right back in to tried to bring them to safety. Unfortunately, the child slipped, and the mother jumped back in to save her baby before Kamal could do anything further to help. The mother and child were lost to the strong current of the Brahmaputra.
The boat capsized after the engine developed a snag and hit a rock near the bank of the Ashwaklanta Temple, Kamrup Deputy Commissioner Kamal Kumar Baishya told the PTI.
The 11-year-old has become a social media sensation and is being lauded for risking his own lives to save others.
I salute the courage and bravery of this 11 year old boy from Assam who risked his life thrice to save precious lives. Well done Kamal Kishore! You are indeed a braveheart. https://t.co/KmdFKeBYFM
— Rajnath Singh (@rajnathsingh) September 7, 2018
The “Putra” in BRAHMAPUTRA a 11 year old Kamal Assam, bravely saves mother and Aunt after a boat capsized in the flooded river. Deserves National Gallantry award .
— jai shivaji (@arcs29031951) September 8, 2018
The young Braveheart Kamal Kishore Das should be rewarded with Bravery award. He saved his mother’s and aunt’s life. Then he saved himself…. Hats off. #BrahmaputraBoatCapsize#Brahmaputra@mygovassam@assampolice
— Musaddique (@dragonhook) September 7, 2018
Now this is the story of a real hero, the story of this 11 year old has touched hearts. A braveheart, indeed #KamalKishoreDas #AssamBoatTragedy #RealHeroesOfIndia @pratidinasomiya @NewsAssam @DY365 https://t.co/zvj0rZO4Hx
— Aparajita Dey (@AparajitaDey9) September 7, 2018 | <urn:uuid:d4bf0481-b1ac-4804-8a94-47fc9b99c10c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.inuth.com/india/11-yr-old-defies-death-thrice-saves-mother-aunt-from-drowning-in-the-brahmaputra/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.96889 | 715 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Martinique Information - Page 1
Martinique, an Overseas Department of France, is an island in the Caribbean. Dominica is to the north of Martinique and St Lucia is to the south.
Fort-de-France is the capital city of Martinique.
The island is mountainous in the north. Mount Pelee, the highest point, is a volcano.
Martinique's climate is tropical with cooling trade winds. The rainy season is from June to October.
Martinique Regional Nature Park, established in 1975, consists of sixty percent of the island. It covers the mountainous volcanic area, as well as coastal cliffs, lagoons, beaches and reefs.
Wildlife on the island includes a variety of birds. The wetland reserve at Fort de France is an important point for migratory birds.
The green turtle and hawksbill turtle breed along the southern shores.
French Colonial architecture can still be found in Martinique. Examples include Colonial houses and a sugar plantation built in the seventeenth century.
A building of particular note is the Schoelcher Library, designed for the World Fair in Paris in 1889, then, dismantled, transported, and reassembled in Fort-de-France.
The population of Martinique was estimated at 408,000 in 2012.
French is the official language. Creole patois is also spoken.
The majority of the people in Martinique are Christian, mainly Roman Catholic.
The cuisine of Martinique is influenced by French and Creole food.
Chicken, goat, lamb and pork are eaten. Shellfish and fish are caught daily.
Vegetables include cassava, okra and sweet potatoes. Plantains and breadfruit are available.
Chicken Colombo, a favourite dish, is made with colombo powder (curry powder), herbs, lime juice and banana, cooked in coconut milk.
A variety of locally grown fruits include guavas, mangoes, melons, passion fruit and pineapples.
Fresh fruit juices are available and rum is brewed locally.
Next Page | Facts | Gallery | <urn:uuid:e4f03fc0-d346-40b0-8622-5c60f25c4fad> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.worldinfozone.com/country.php?country=Martinique | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.929097 | 465 | 2.625 | 3 |
The new species found in South America is the most complete terror bird ever discovered, with more than 90% of the skeleton exquisitely preserved and also reveals details of anatomy that rarely preserve in the fossil record, including the auditory region of the skull, voice box, complete trachea, bones for focusing the eye, and the complete palate, allowing an unprecedented understanding of the sensory capabilities of these extinct predatory birds.
Terror birds, or phorusracids as they are known scientifically, were carnivorous flightless birds up to 3 meters (10 ft) in height with tall hooked beaks. These birds were the predominant predators during the Cenozoic Age in South America and certainly one of the most striking groups that lived during that time.
Skeleton of Llallawavis scagliai on display at the Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales Lorenzo Scaglia, Mar del Plata. Credit: M. Taglioretti and F. Scaglia.
"The discovery of this new species provides new insights for studying the anatomy and phylogeny of phorusrhacids and a better understanding of this group's diversification," said Dr. Claudia Tambussi, also of CICTERRA and one of the co-authors of the study. The new species stood 4 feet tall and lived in Argentina approximately 3.5 million years ago in the Pliocene Epoch, towards the end of the reign of the group.
"The discovery of this species reveals that terror birds were more diverse in the Pliocene than previously thought. It will allow us to review the hypothesis about the decline and extinction of this fascinating group of birds" said Degrange.
Citation: Federico J. Degrange, Claudia P. Tambussi, Matías L. Taglioretti, Alejandro Dondas&Fernando Scaglia (2015): A new Mesembriornithinae (Aves, Phorusrhacidae) provides new insights into the phylogeny and sensory capabilities of terror birds, Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, e912656. [Featured Article] DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2014.912656 | <urn:uuid:1fa2f10d-b24f-48e0-bf56-8b96d4fc6336> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.science20.com/news_articles/new_species_of_ancient_terror_bird_llallawavis_scagliai_discovered-154718 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.907101 | 459 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.