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This is a great telescope for kids interested in astronomy and space. The Orion Observer 60mm Altazimuth Refractor is a wonderful starter telescope well-equipped for visual adventures under starry skies. The Observer 60mm is a full-fledged refractor telescope complete with everything you need to start enjoying the night sky. This telescope will make a great gift for any child interested in exploring starry skies!
A classic refractor telescope with precision glass optics and great portability, the Orion Observer 60 is a complete backyard telescope package that includes the refractor optical tube, a host of accessories, and an adjustable aluminum tripod. It is especially popular with junior astronomy enthusiasts, thanks to its simple operation and traditional appearance. The Observer 60 Altazimuth Refractor Telescope weighs just 5.8 lbs. total when assembled, including the mount and tripod, making it very easy for anyone in the family to transport from the house to the backyard for a night full of stargazing adventure.
The Orion Observer 60 Refractor Telescope offers higher quality and more reliable performance than any telescope you'd find in a department store. Featuring an aluminum telescope optical tube and all-glass optics, including a fully antireflection-coated 60mm achromatic objective lens, the Observer 60 yields crisp, bright images of the night sky. The altazimuth mount provides smooth motion in both altitude (up/down) and azimuth (left/right) axes of motion, and the sturdy yet lightweight aluminum tripod is adjustable for crowd-pleasing performance and comfort. There's even a handy accessory tray included that attaches to the tripod so you have a convenient spot to place your eyepieces and other astronomy accessories.
Outfitted with a set of accessories perfect for beginning amateur astronomers, the Observer 60mm Altazimuth Refractor Telescope comes with everything you need to enjoy great views of the night sky right out of the box. Let's take a closer look at all the great astronomy accessories that you'll get with this awesome beginner telescope:
Includes two quality telescope eyepieces: a 25mm Kellner eyepiece for 28x views and a 10mm Kellner eyepiece for higher magnification, 70x views.
Each included eyepiece has a 1.25" barrel, which are better and more versatile than smaller .965" barrels you might find with department store telescopes. The included telescope eyepieces will provide two different magnification options right out of the box. You'll enjoy wide-field 28x views with the 25mm eyepiece, and then you can boost the power all the way up to 70x by using the 10mm telescope eyepiece.
The included Orion EZ Finder II red-dot sight makes aiming the telescope nice and easy.
Following a simple alignment procedure that parents can help with, you can use the EZ Finder II sight to accurately aim the Observer 60mm telescope at objects in the sky like the Moon and bright planets. Once aligned with the telescope, just turn on the EZ Finder II and peer through the sight's small circular viewing window so you see the red dot, and move the telescope until the red dot is on the object you want to see. Look in the telescope, and it's there!
A 90° mirror diagonal is included for comfortable nighttime viewing.
A diagonal bends the light path of a telescope so you can view the sky comfortably. Without a diagonal, you'd have to look straight-through the telescope, which can be tricky and downright uncomfortable when looking at certain areas of the sky. Bending the light collected by the Observer 60mm telescope at a 90° angle lets you look down into the eyepiece so you can relax and enjoy the view.
Learn about the night sky with the included Starry Night Special Edition software.
Budding backyard astronomers and families starting out in the hobby of stargazing can learn a ton of useful information with the FREE Special Edition Starry Night software that comes with the telescope. You can use the software to see what stars, constellations, planets, and other cosmic objects will be visible on any day and at any time. This makes it fun and easy to plan family stargazing sessions since you'll know ahead of time which objects will be visible. Requires PC running Windows 7, 8 or 10. Requires Macintosh running OS X 10.4 or higher.
The versatile Observer 60 refractor's 1.25" rack and pinion focuser adjusts smoothly and can also accept a 1.25" correct-image diagonal (sold separately) if you wish to use the telescope for daytime terrestrial viewing of wildlife, landscapes, and more.
You'll be pleasantly surprised at the sharp celestial sights you can see with an Orion Observer 60 Altazimuth refractor telescope. For starters, Saturn and its rings, Jupiter and its dancing moons, and the changing phases of Venus all display nicely in the Observer 60. Close-up views of the Moon's rocky, cratered surface will give you and your family a new way of looking at our planet's nearest neighbor in the night sky. Even the contrasting blue and gold gems of the double star Albireo can be detected with the Observer 60 Altazimuth refractor, not to mention dozens of "deep-sky" gems, including the magnificent Orion Nebula and the glittering Pleiades and Beehive star clusters.
Help support and encourage your child's interest in the stars and space with the Observer 60 AZ Refractor Telescope. We have a feeling the whole family will want to join in the fun!
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« PoprzedniaDalej »
his Creator; in which he surrenders himself entirely into his hands, to be disposed of by him at his pleasure, and to be made the instrument of his glory.
REMARKS. 1st. This account of Evangelical faith, if admitted, puts an end to all disputes concerning the question, Whether Faith is a moral virtue.
So long as the nature of faith is unsettled, every question, depending on it, must be unsettled also. If we do not determine what the faith of the Gospel is, we are ill prepared to decide whether it is of a moral nature, or not. If the faith of the Gospel be a mere speculative assent to probable evidence, although we may indeed be virtuous in the disposition, with which we at times exercise it, as was, I trust, proved in the preceding discourse; yet, clearly, it is not necessarily virtuous; nor, if the mind stop here, can it be virtuous at all. In mere speculative belief, existing, by itself; that is, in merely yielding our assent to probable evidence; we are, as I observed in the same discourse, entirely passive, and in no sense virtuous. But if faith is confidence in God, of the nature here exhibited, it is beyond dispute virtue ; virtue of pre-eminent importance, and capable of existing in every possible degree. So far as I know, Confidence, in this sense, has ever been esteemed voluntary, and acknowledged, therefore, to be of a moral nature. Plainly this is its true character. Accordingly, it is approved, loved, and commended, by all mankind; and undoubtedly merits all the encomiums, given to it, both in profane writings and in Revelation.
One of the principal reasons, why the faith of the Gospel has been supposed to be a mere speculative belief, is probably this: speculative belief is the thing, intended by the term faith in its original sense. It is not very unnatural, therefore, when we begin to read the Scriptures, to consider this as the meaning of the word in these writings; nor is it very unnatural for men of a sanguine cast, men who have a system to defend, or men who change their opinions with reluctance, to retain an interpretation which they have once imbibed. We are not, therefore, to wonder, that this opinion has been extensively spread, or pertinaciously retained.
But the Scriptures give no countenance to this doctrine. With the heart man believeth unto righteousness, is the sum of their instructions concerning this subject. He, who can believe, that a speculative assent to probable evidence, such as that which we yield to ordinary historical testimony, produced the effects ascribed to faith, in the 11th chapter of the Epistle to the Hebrews, can certainly believe any thing.
2dly. This doctrine explains to us the Manner, in which faith is spoken of in the Scriptures.
Particularly, we see abundant reasons, why it is spoken of as a Virtue; and is accordingly commanded in many forms, on many
occasions, and to all persons; and why it is promised a glorious and endless reward. At the same time, we have explained to us in the same satisfactory manner, the various scriptural accounts of its opposites, Distrust, or Unbelief ; and the reasons why it is pronounced to be sinful, is every where forbidden, and is threatened with endless punishment. This exhibition of faith, also, explains to us in the inost satisfactory manner, why faith is strongly and universally commended in the Scriptures; and why unbelief is reprobated in a similar manner; why saints are called believers and faithful; these names being considered as equivalent to the names holy and virtuous; and why unbelievers and infidels are terms used in the Scriptures, as equivalent to sinful, wicked, and ungodly. We learn, further, why faith, directed to the Word, Ordinances, and Providence, of God; to the Example, Atonement, Death, Resurrection, and Exaltation, of Christ; or directly to the Character of God and the Redeemer, is considered, in the Scriptures, as substantially of the same nature and as the same thing: the faith, exercised, being always the same moral act, springing from the same spirit, terminating in the same object, and producing the same effects. If, therefore, it exists with reference to one of these objects, it exists, also, in successive acts, invariably, towards them all. Finally, we see the reason, why faith in God, in Christ, or in divine truth, is exhibited as being, in a sense, the sum of all duty, and the foundation of all present and future, spiritual good; and why unbelief is presented to us, as, in a sense, the sum of all disobedience, and the source of all spiritual evil both here and hereafter.
These and the like representations, are easily explained, if by Faith we intend Confidence in the moral character of God and the Redeemer. This confidence is plainly the beginning, and the continuance, of union and attachment to our Creator ; while, on the other hand, distrust is a complete separation of the soul from the Author of its being. It is plainly impossible for him, who distrusts God, to have any moral union to him, or any devotion to his pleasure.
Confidence is also the highest honour, which an Intelligent crea. ture can render to his Creator. No act of such a creature can so clearly, or so strongly, declare his approbation of the Divine character, or his devotion to the Divine will, as committing ourselves entirely to him in this manner. In this act, we declare, in the most decisive manner, the character of God to be formed of such attributes, as will secure our whole well-being, and fulfil all our vindicable desires. Whatever can be hoped for from supreme and infinite excellence, we declare ourselves to expect from the character of God; and pronounce his pleasure to be, in our view, the sum of all that is excellent and desirable. In distrusting God, we declare in the same forcible manner precisely the opposite things;
and thus, so far as is in our power, dishonour his character, and impeach his designs.
3dly. This account of Faith, strongly evinces the Divinity of Christ.
The faith, which we are required to exercise in Christ, is as unqualified, as entire, and as extensive, as that which we are required to exercise towards God. The blessings, promised to it, are the same; and the evils, threatened to our refusal of it, are also the same. No mark of difference, with respect to these particulars, is even hinted at in the Scriptures. This must, I think, be inex. plicable, unless the attribute to which alone the faith is directed, and which alone render it our duty to exercise it, are in each case the same.
Besides, it is incredible, that an Intelligent being, rationally employed, should confide himself, his everlasting interests, his all, to any hands, but those of infinite perfection. Stephen, full of the Holy Ghost, could not, I think, as he was leaving the world, have said to any creature, Lord Jesus, into thy hands I commend my spirit. No man, in the possession of a sound mind, could, as it seems to me, say this even to Gabriel himself.
4thly. We learn from these observations, that the faith of the Gospel will exist for ever.
We often speak of faith, as hereafter to be swallowed up in vision; and intend by this, that it will cease to exist in the future world. In a qualified sense, it is undoubtedly true; for many things which we now believe only, we shall hereafter know with certainty. But Confidence in God, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost, will exist for ever. Moral character seems not, in its nature, to be an object of science, properly so called. Spirits by every eye, except the Omniscient, are discerned only through the medium of their actions; which are proof of their natural attributes, and expressions of their moral character. Moral character is the amount of all the volitions of a moral agent. As these are free and independent, they are incapable of being known, but by the voluntary manifestations of the agent himself. United, they form, and exhibit, the whole moral character. In parts, though they denote it truly, they denote it imperfectly.
In every age of Eternity it will be true, that, in the physical sense, it is possible for God to oppress, or destroy, even his obedient creatures. The proofs that he will not are found only in the disclosure of his moral character; and on these disclosures his virtuous creatures will for ever rely with undoubting confidence, and with the utmost propriety and wisdom. Knowledge, or science, in the strict sense, they will not, I think, be ever able to obtain of this immensely important subject; nor would they be benefited, were they able. Science is in no degree of a moral nature, nor of course attended by virtuous affections, nor followed by virtuous conduct. But confidence is in itself moral, and virtuous.
and capable of being the highest virtue of a rational creature. Amiable and excellent in itself, it is approved and loved by God; the foundation of delight in his character; the source of uninterrupted obedience to his will; an endearing and immoveable union to him; a similar union to the virtuous Universe; and the basis of everlasting friendship and beneficence, in all their mutual intercourse.
It will therefore revive beyond the grave; and with new vigour and perfection. With every new display of divine excellence, and created worth, it will rise higher and higher without end. The mind, in which it exists, will, in every stage of its progress, become wiser, nobler, better, and happier. Heaven in all its concerns; its inhabitants; and dispensations; will, from its influence, assume without intermission a brighter aspect; and the immense, eternal Kingdom of Jehovah continually become a more and more perfect mirror, reflecting, with increasing splendour, his supreme excellence and glory.
JUSTIFICATION.-THE INFLUENCE OF FAITH IN OUR JUSTIFI
Romans iii. 28. — Therefore we conclude that man is justified by Faith without works
HAVING shown, that we are justified freely by the grace of God; proved the duty of believing; and explained the nature of Evangelical Faith ; in the three preceding discourses ; I shall now proceed to examine the Connexion of Faith with our justification. The first of these discourses was employed in discussing that sohich is done in our justification on the part of God. In this discourse, I shall examine the Nature and Influence of that which is done on the part of man, towards the accomplishment of this important event. We are justified freely, or gratuitously. Yet we are justified conditionally: not in our natural, corrupt, and universal state; but in consequence of a new and peculiar state, denoted by the word faith.
In discussing this subject, I shall include the observations which I think it necessary to make, under the following heads :
1. The Manner, in which faith becomes, and,
II. The Propriety, with which it is constituted the Means of our justification.
1. I shall attempt to describe the Manner, in which Faith becomes the Means of our justification.
To exhibit this subject in the clearest light, it will be useful to return again to the Covenant of Redemption; in which the justification of mankind was originally promised. You will perhaps remember, that there are, as was formerly stated, three distinct promises, contained in this Covenant; beside the general one, which involves them all: that Christ shall see, or possess, a seed; that this seed shall prolong their days; or endure, or be happy, for ever; and that the throne, or dominion, of Christ, over them, shall be as the days of heaven: or in other words, eternal. The first of these promises, on which the other two are founded, is that Christ shall see, or possess, a seed: that is, he shall have a number, elsewhere said to be very great, of children, disciples, or followers, in consequence of making his soul an offering for sin ; or a propitiatory sacrifice.
The great question, naturally arising in this place, is, In what manner do Apostate Men, of whom his followers were to consist, become his seed? To this question I answer: By Faith. In explain
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Here, three surgeons with extensive experience using this technology share their latest thoughts about what topography-guided ablation is capable of, and the pros and cons of using it.
Expanding the Niche
A. John Kanellopoulos, MD, clinical professor of ophthalmology at New York University Medical School and medical director of the Laservision.gr Institute in Athens, Greece, has performed topography-guided procedures using the WaveLight platform since 2003, treating more than 4,000 cases. “We began by using it to treat irregular corneas such as those with decentered laser ablations and irregular pathology such as contact-lens-related ulcers, trauma and so forth,” he says. “We moved on to using this technology to normalize some eyes with naturally occurring irregularities, such as keratoconus.
“Our experience has proven that topography-guided systems are a very reliable way to document most of the aberrations of the human eye and transfer them to treatment,” he continues. “More than 90 percent of human visual aberrations are the result of irregularities in the cornea, and this is especially true in eyes that have had previous surgery or have acquired irregularities. Employing topography-guided treatment, these conditions can be addressed to the maximum, without the variability that wavefront-guided treatment—potentially the counterpart of topography-guided treatment—can offer.”
“It’s incredible to be able to take an irregular cornea and improve the patient’s quality of vision,” says Raymond Stein, MD, FRCSC, medical director of the Bochner Eye Institute in Toronto, and associate professor of ophthalmology at the University of Toronto.
Dr. Kanellopoulos observes that topography-guided ablation is very common in many countries outside the United States and is considered time-tested. “Outside the U.S., in addition to the Nidek and the WaveLight platforms that have been FDA-approved, many laser platforms have topography-guided options,” he points out. “Zeiss has a topography-guided option in its excimer laser; Schwind does as well; and another one is made by Ivis, an Italian manufacturer. Depending on the practitioner, I think refractive surgery centers use this technology in anywhere from 10 to 50 percent of their patients. Some centers use it purely for therapeutic purposes to treat irregular corneas and eyes with pathology, either after a laser procedure or after an accident, or eyes with naturally occurring irregularities. Some centers, like ours, view topography-guided treatment as a way to customize and further enhance laser vision correction.
“The FDA gave approval for topography-guided treatment using either the Alcon or Nidek systems in October 2013, but neither system is currently used in the U.S.,” he adds. “Alcon is planning to roll out its use in 2015. But it should be noted that the FDA approval was for use in normal eyes. Obviously the main interest most surgeons have in employing topography-guided ablation is in abnormal eyes, and potentially in hyperopic eyes.”
Using the Technology
One of the things that separates topography-guided ablation from standard ablations is the strategy it employs to level out the corneal surface. “With wavefront-guided ablation, typically the mountains would simply be flattened, and it would require a significant amount of flattening to equalize the whole cornea,” explains Dr. Stein. “Topography-guided ablation elevates the valleys as well, so the mountains don’t have to be flattened nearly as much. That means less tissue removal to achieve the goal of improving vision quality. We typically remove about 50 µm.
“Over time we’ve learned that the best candidates for this type of treatment are corneas that have less than a 10-D difference between the steepest and flattest parts of the cornea,” he adds. “In that situation we can flatten the steep areas by about 5 D and steepen the flat areas by about 5 D. That’s about the maximum we can hope to achieve. We’ve had many patients who came in with less than a 10-D difference between the low and high parts of the cornea, and a reasonably thick cornea, who went from 20/200 best-corrected spectacle or soft-contact-lens acuity to 20/25 or 20/30 best-corrected. But if a patient has a 20-D difference between the steepest and flattest parts of the cornea, we can’t hope to achieve the same degree of improvement in best-corrected spectacle visual acuity.”
Dr. Stein describes a typical procedure in his practice. “The technician captures eight images using an equivalent of the Pentacam—WaveLight’s Oculyzer—which are digitally transferred to the excimer laser,” he says. “We do eight images because we want to maximize the data quality; more than eight would be too time-consuming. We review the data and eliminate the outliers; then we devise a treatment protocol. We schedule these patients on the same day we do laser vision correction patients. So if I’m in the OR I’ll do PRK and LASIK cases; then I’ll do a topography-guided PRK. After that, the patient will have cross-linking done by another member of our staff; that takes longer.”
Placido Disc or Tomography?
Of course, there are several ways to evaluate the topography of a cornea. Surgeons say each method has some limitations. “Both placido disc-based topography-guided treatments and Pentacam-based topography-guided treatments have some intrinsic shortcomings,” notes Dr. Kanellopoulos. “Placido disc relies mainly on a cornea having an adequate tear film, while the Pentacam relies on a cornea being clear and translucent. As a result, their effectiveness depends on the pathology. For instance, a corneal scar would be better treated with a placido-disc-based topography-guided treatment because that technology is not affected by the clouding of the cornea. On the other hand, if a patient has a less-than-optimal tear film or a very irregular cornea, Pentacam-guided treatment may be the best way to go. Unfortunately, it appears that users in the United States will not have the Pentacam-driven option, even though it’s available in many platforms, because that would entail a separate FDA approval process. That does not seem feasible in the near future.”
Dr. Kanellopoulos says that one advantage of placido disc technology is that it’s currently available in the Alcon platform with cyclorotation adjustment. “As you might imagine, this can be a pivotal part of getting excellent results, especially when treating irregular corneas or corneas with high astigmatism,” he says. “That’s true even if tomography might be slightly better than placido disc, if that particular patient happens to have significant cyclorotation. Even 2 degrees of cyclorotation becomes extremely significant in topography-guided treatments of irregular corneas or corneas with high astigmatism or angle kappa, because every 2 degrees of cyclorotation reduces the astigmatic efficacy by 8 percent, which is astounding.”
Dr. Kanellopoulos says that today he prefers to use both topography and tomography. “I like to compare both options, and also compare them to the standard ablation profile for that refractive error, as well as the results of very thorough slit-lamp biomicroscopy,” he explains. “I may also compare their readings to an objective measure such as the Cassini’s multicolor LED reflection topography and an epithelial map obtained by anterior segment OCT. This gives me a lot of input regarding whether the treatments are different, and if so, how. That information then helps me to determine which of the two will be better for the patient.” Dr. Kanellopoulos notes that he and his colleagues have reported extensively on this in the past two years at the major annual meetings and published several papers on it.
Issues Slowing Adoption
Despite the widespread availability of topography-guided ablation outside the United States, its use is nowhere near that of standard laser procedures. “The problem is not the technology,” says Simon P. Holland, MD, clinical professor of ophthalmology at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver. (Dr. Holland has used topography-guided ablation at the Pacific Laser Eye Centre in Vancouver, working with David T. C. Lin, MD, since 2004.). “The current lasers are generally excellent, and the results we’re getting are very good. However, the number of patients who would clearly benefit from it is relatively small. The market is mainly patients who’ve had difficulty, such as ectasia, post-keratoplasty irregular astigmatism, previous injuries or corneal scars.
“The other indication, which keeps us busiest, is keratoconus,” he continues. “That’s really opened up in the past few years because we now have cross-linking, and we’ve found that it’s safe to take a limited amount of tissue, providing that the cornea is subsequently cross-linked to maintain its strength. We’ve done about 650 eyes using two different machines in the past six years since cross-linking became available to us, and about two-thirds of those were keratoconus. There’s a great need for this type of procedure in these patients, but again, the number of patients in this situation is relatively small compared to the overall population of people needing refractive treatment.”
Dr. Holland says a second issue limiting the popularity of topography-guided ablation is the learning curve. “It’s difficult to get started using this technique,” he says. “Every case has to be customized. For example, if you’re doing transepithelial ablation, the variable thickness of the epithelium has to be taken into consideration. So it’s very hard to translate one treatment onto another patient. That means you can’t use the technology right out of the box and expect to get great results—you really have to build up your experience and look at your data. Eventually you learn what’s most likely to produce a good result in each case.”
Dr. Stein agrees. “I think you have to do at least 50 cases to become really adept,” he says. “The patients should do reasonably well in those first 50 cases, but they’ll do even better after the first 50. Once the surgeon has the experience, treatment decisions can be made pretty quickly.”
Addressing Different Conditions
Surgeons note that there are a number of indications for which topography-guided treatment is an excellent option, including irregular corneas from focal scars, keratoconus, pellucid marginal degeneration and ectasia following laser vision correction.
• Keratoconus. Dr. Stein says this is the number one indication for topography-guided ablation in his practice. “Cross-linking is successful in stopping the disease from progressing in close to 98 percent of these patients,” he notes. “But patients want us to take it one step further—they want an improvement in their quality of vision so they won’t need a rigid gas permeable contact lens in order to see. That’s what combining topography-guided ablation with cross-linking can offer them. In a high percentage of patients we can eliminate the need for RGP lenses, allowing patients to wear glasses or soft contact lenses. This is really a huge advance in our ability to help these patients.”
Dr. Stein agrees, noting that he introduced cross-linking into Canada about seven years ago. “The first four years, we simply did cross-linking for the patients with keratoconus, ectasia and pellucid marginal degeneration,” he says. “Today, in 90 percent of these cases, we do topography-guided PRK in addition to the cross-linking.”
• Hyperopia. Hyperopes often achieve better outcomes when treated with a topography-guided refractive procedure. “In my opinion, topography-guided ablation is the equivalent of a successful treatment in hyperopes,” says Dr. Kanellopoulos. “For many years we’ve advocated using topography-guided ablation in all hyperopic eyes because they tend to have significant angle kappa. Topography-guided ablation treats on the cornea apex by default; that’s usually the position of the visual axis.”
Dr. Stein agrees. “We do a high percentage of our hyperopic PRK and LASIK using topography-guided procedures, and we’re getting better refractive outcomes,” he says. “I think you’re going to see a lot more of this down the road.”
• Post-LASIK and PRK problems. Dr. Stein notes that topography-guided ablations are excellent for treating complications following LASIK or PRK, such as irregular astigmatism or a small optical zone. “With topography-guided PRK we can enlarge the optical zone and give patients better quality of vision,” he says.
• Post-radial keratotomy. “A lot of RK patients who were done 20 years ago are now undergoing cataract surgery, and a lot of these corneas are somewhat irregular,” Dr. Stein points out. “If a surgeon performed an eight-incision RK but made some incisions deeper than others, for example, that would probably induce some irregular astigmatism. With topography-guided PRK we can try to smooth out the irregular cornea before the cataract surgery. We’re doing this on quite a few patients now, and I see this as a significant application down the road.”
• Unhappy 20/20 patients. “We’ve had some fascinating cases—people who have 20/20 vision and complain that they can’t see well,” notes Dr. Holland. “When we image them we find that there’s a subtle area with inferior steepening that’s generating aberrations. Often these are patients whose vision could be corrected by wearing a rigid lens, but they are intolerant. I understand that few surgeons want to treat a 20/20 eye, but we have done some cases like this and the results have been promising.”
• Arcuate astigmatic incisions. Another source of corneal irregularity that Dr. Stein has encountered is arcuate incisions made years ago to correct astigmatism. “If you make an arcuate cut to treat astigmatism—as many surgeons did in the past—that’s more central and not the proper depth, you can induce irregular astigmatism. That’s another application for topography-guided PRK.”
Improving Normal Vision
“Another intrinsic advantage of topography-guided became clear with the recent FDA study conducted by Alcon,” says Dr. Kanellopoulos. “Even as a seasoned topography-guided surgeon, I have learned a lot from that data. We’ve always known that topography-guided treatment is better for irregular and hyperopic eyes, but the FDA data has shown that even virgin eyes can benefit from this. A very large percentage of normal eyes in that study gained lines of vision. This probably has to do with subtle corneal irregularities that normal eyes have. These subtle irregularities are addressed by topography-guided ablation. This appears to enhance visual function.
Dr. Kanellopoulos says that this has led him to do all of his cases, including the routine ones, using topography-guided treatment. “I see a significant advantage in the fact that it can further normalize even apparently healthy corneas, offering better visual acuity and an increase in lines of vision,” he says.
Dr. Holland agrees, particularly when eyes have a little bit of irregular astigmatism. “When we look at our routine PRK and LASIK cases today, we ask whether the corneal aberrations are consistent with the patient’s re-fraction,” he says. “If they are, we consider the possibility that the patient would benefit from correcting that slight degree of irregularity with a limited topography-guided treatment.”
Managing Altered Refraction
One of the concerns with topography-guided ablation is that while smoothing the cornea it may alter the refraction, potentially leading to a refractive surprise.
“Practice has proven that when you treat virgin eyes with topography-guided ablation there’s really no significant care or extra nomogram that one needs to employ,” says Dr. Kanellopoulos. “However, when you employ topography-guided ablation in irregular eyes, it can significantly change the spherical refractive error; you may end up with some residual hyperopia or myopia. In my opinion this is not a significant issue because the procedure is employed in these eyes mainly to improve best-corrected visual acuity; one should expect that a second refining procedure to address the refractive error may be necessary.”
Along these lines, Dr. Stein points out that they sometimes end up reducing the quality of a keratoconus patient’s uncorrected acuity in order to improve his best-corrected acuity. “That’s a very important point that patients need to understand,” he says. “We discuss that in depth with them. They may come in with an uncorrected acuity of 20/50 and a best-corrected acuity of 20/40. By smoothing the cornea and doing cross-linking we may reduce their uncorrected acuity to 20/80, but we improve their best-corrected acuity to 20/25, so they get much better quality of spectacle- or contact-lens-corrected vision. This is not typical with LASIK or PRK. There, the patients want the best uncorrected visual acuity; that’s why they come in. But in this case, we want to halt the progression, and second, improve their best-corrected acuity.”
Dr. Kanellopoulos says that a common mistake made by surgeons just starting to use topography-guided ablation is overmanipulating the Q-value, which reflects the asphericity of the cornea. “In order to improve Q-value the laser will perform a hyperopic-type correction that will induce myopia,” he explains. “This is a general rule. For example, if we try to convert the Q-value in an eye that’s between -0.1 and -0.5, this will induce 0.5 to 0.75 D of myopia. A seasoned topography-guided surgeon will anticipate this. But for a novice topography-guided surgeon, this may be a refractive surprise. Generally, more complicated cases with an extremely irregular ablation pattern are more likely to create a significant refractive change.”
Dr. Kanellopoulos notes that most topography-guided surgeons are aware of the issue. “Experienced users of topography-guided ablation have acquired the ability to predict that refractive shift and adjust the treatment accordingly, to preempt the anticipated refractive error,” he adds. “We call this ‘topography neutralization.’ This, of course, is a cookbook approach by the surgeon; it helps to reduce the number of potential retreatments that are required in these patients.”
Offsetting the Change
Some surgeons have developed nomograms to address this potential refractive change by compensating during the procedure; others prefer to wait.
“The topography-guided technique we’ve used the most, which was pioneered by my partner, David Lin, MD, is the customized topographic neutralization technique, or Custom TNT,” says Dr. Holland. “Using this protocol we first try to improve the topography; then we add the astigmatism correction; then we add the spherical correction. This approach allows us to compensate for the refractive effects of the surface smoothing. For instance, when treating most keratoconus, you’re trying to flatten the steep part, but you have to compensate for that by steepening the periphery. That creates a peripheral trench that gives you a hyperopic effect, which then induces myopia. So, you have to compensate for that by treating for additional myopia; if you don’t, the patient will end up myopic.”
Dr. Stein says he generally doesn’t try to correct the spherical error when performing the topography-guided ablation. “We generally save that for a separate procedure,” he says. “The final refractive error is not totally predictable, so our main goal is to improve BCVA.”
Dr. Stein adds that if the patient has a significant refractive error, he wouldn’t do LASIK to correct it later. “LASIK would weaken the cornea because of the flap,” he notes. “If the prescription was a nominal one, and the patient has a reasonable corneal thickness, then we might consider a PRK at a later time. But you have to be very careful about removing more tissue and weakening the cornea. Also after cross-linking, if we do PRK down the road, the results are not as predictable. However, in patients who have a significant refractive error and really want an improvement in uncorrected acuity, we have the option of a toric implantable contact lens such as Visian—if the patient is a candidate for an ICL—once the refraction is stable. That might eliminate the patient’s need for contact lenses or glasses.”
Topo-guided vs. Wavefront
“The difference between topography-guided ablation and wavefront ablation strategies is very simple,” says Dr. Kanellopoulos. “Wavefront-guided ablation works by reducing the corneal tissue to a lower level. It removes a lot of tissue in order to make the cornea more spherical, based on the flattest part of the cornea. In contrast, topography-guided uses a bimodal treatment; it aims to shave off the peaks of corneal curvature and steepen flatter areas indirectly by ablating around them. This bimodal approach gives topography-guided ablation a tremendous advantage, in my opinion. It ablates much less tissue than wavefront-guided ablation—in some instances one-third as much tissue.
“Another significant difference between these types of treatment is that topography-guided treatment is almost always possible, even in very irregular eyes,” he continues. “In contrast, wavefront-guided treatment becomes very challenging or impossible in eyes with high refractive error or significant irregularity.”
Is one of them better for treating irregular astigmatism? “My experience has been that if it’s a small irregularity and mild astigmatism in a cornea with a lot of tissue, then wavefront-guided and topography-guided may be equivalent,” Dr. Kanellopoulos says. “But in cases where it’s really important to correct the irregularity, such as cases needing higher astigmatic correction and not having the tissue reserves that you would want in order to treat with wavefront-guided, topography-guided becomes the only option. In addition, we have clearly shown that topography-guided collagen cross-linking coupled with a topography-guided excimer ablation can maximize the refractive change in the cornea while reducing even further the amount of tissue you need to ablate.”
Dr. Kanellopoulos notes that he also finds it much easier to understand and predict the changes that will be produced by topography-guided treatments. “Wavefront is an approach that has a lot of theory in it that I can’t necessarily grasp by looking at objective data,” he points out. “And again, the human wavefront is a dynamic entity; it’s very difficult to capture reproducible wavefront maps. Furthermore, if there is variability in the wavefront maps it’s very difficult to decide which is the representative wavefront map that should be used for treatment in that patient.”
Dr. Holland agrees, noting that another advantage is being able to decide whether or not to treat crystalline lens-related aberrations in older patients. “You may or may not want to treat those, depending on the age of the patient,” he says. “I think that accounts for the popularity of wavefront-optimized rather than wavefront-guided treatments.”
Dr. Stein adds that the number of data points on which the treatment is based is far higher with topography-guided ablation. “With a very sophisticated wavefront unit you might collect 1,000 data points,” he says. “With the topography unit we capture more than 20,000 data points. There’s less potential for error because we’re capturing more information on which to base the ablation.”
Given that wavefront and topography measure different things, what about combining the two measurements to guide ablation? Dr. Kanellopoulos says the WaveLight research team has been working on this approach. “This is a very exciting new entity called ray tracing,” he says. “It’s been reported in the literature, showing astounding accuracy in determining refractive error, and has all the benefits that topography-guided treatment can give in terms of quality of vision. So there is a significant advantage to combining them.
When You’re Starting Out
Dr. Stein offers some suggestions for surgeons just starting to offer this type of procedure. “First, don’t pick corneas that are too thin or have any significant scarring,” he says. “Second, make sure your technicians are capable of capturing relatively consistent maps. Third, make sure the cornea is not too dry or wet when the imaging is done. Fourth, make sure the treatment is about 50 µm or less, unless the cornea is unusually thick.
“Finally, if you’re just getting involved with this technology, spend some time with a surgeon who has experience—experience that involves many different types of eye conditions,” he adds. “ Every type of corneal problem you may encounter will be a little different, whether it’s radial keratotomy, a decentered ablation, irregular arcuate cuts, ectatic eyes or keratoconus patients. No article or textbook you can read will give you the experience you need to become good at this.”
“As with any new procedure, you should underpromise and overdeliver,” says Dr. Holland. “Patient expectations are high, so it’s probably best to start off by telling patients that they may need a second treatment. In fact, we used to do topography-guided treatments in two separate steps. We’d explain to the patient that we were going to first regularize the cornea and improve the topography; then, after everything settled down—which could take as long as a year—the patient would come back in for the refractive treatment. Today we use the TNT procedure [described earlier], where we modify the topography and do the refractive treatment in one sitting. But if you’re just starting out, separating the two parts would be the safer way to go. At the very least, you need to warn the patient that you can only do a limited refractive treatment with this technology; you don’t want to be too aggressive when you start.
“In addition, it’s helpful to begin by treating astigmatic patients such as post-keratoplasty, rather than more complex cases,” he says. “And it’s important to remember that it takes a long time for vision to stabilize after the treatment. Do not retreat too early. Epithelial remodeling can take three to six months, and if you do cross-linking as well, then you’re talking about a year. A keratoconus patient, in particular, can take a long time to stabilize. If necessary, fit the patient with soft contact lenses during this time, and make sure to follow his progress closely.”
Looking to the Future
“In the meantime, using this approach is definitely worthwhile, in our hands,” he says. “We’ve gotten some dramatic results—and only a few disappointing ones—with ectasia, post-keratoplasty and keratoconus patients. In our ectasia group, for example, about one-third of our patients gain two or more lines of BCVA. About a third of them end up 20/40 uncorrected or better. It’s a huge result for these patients who are being handicapped by the severe irregular astigmatism that they get. The extra effort it takes to do these treatments is definitely worthwhile.”
“I have to say that topography-guided ablation, especially when it’s combined with cross-linking, is a remarkable procedure,” adds Dr. Stein. “We’re able to take patients who are not functioning well and improve their best corrected visual acuity. It’s one of the most enjoyable parts of my practice.” REVIEW
Dr. Kanellopoulos is a consultant for WaveLight, Alcon, iOptics and Avedro. Drs. Stein and Holland have no financial ties to products or companies mentioned.
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Hamburg proposes the HafenCity Riverbus: the amphibian bus
Fred Franken, a German entrepreneur, had this idea already 18 years ago but only 4 years ago, he decided to realize it.
We are in Germany, precisely in Hamburg, where the most of the touristic attractions are located on the banks of the Elbe River or directly in the water. And it was precisely the structure of this city that led Fred to design a vehicle that is a cross between bus and boat, a truck-MAN chassis with a hull. A means of transport that offers passengers a normal travel experience by bus when it circulates on the road and an unconventional experience when it is the time to dive in the water.
The only two issues detected until now are the inclusion of a vehicle that is a bus and at the same time a boat in the German bureaucracy and its maintenance. Apart from that, the HafenCity Riverbus debut was a success for locals and tourists in Hamburg; this particular bus has validated in fact 6000 tickets in just two months!
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The diaries of Ronald Baldwin, British Constable in the Palestine Police Force from 1946 to the termination of the British Mandate in 1948.
Thursday, 19 December 2013
19th & 20th January, 1948 - Ron expresses a high degree of dissatisfaction in his new duties.
The beginning of my duties in No 1 Guard Company started this
morning. Up at 5 in order to be ready by
of course there was not water turned on and we had
to wait for our breakfast. Eventually we
were paraded “in full webbing equipment” another source of complaint. Setting off in a 3 ton truck with no seats we
deposited the guards at their respective posts en route.
Works Dept’s Work
Shops in the Street of the Prophets.
Here apparently the Arabs have been in various degrees of on strick (sic) (strike) since the beginning of the year.
They do not trust the Jews and demand adequate guards before they will
come to work. The returned this morning
but finding only three guards went off on strick(sic) again at .
We were relieved at and were brought back at . We spent the evening around a
brazier and were relieved at . We have these shifts to do
all week as far as we know.
This morning was very disheartening.
I have never felt worse since I have been in the Force. Getting up at 5 again meant I was still tired,
breakfast was late which I find terribly annoying. Not being used to standing or walking slowly
for four hours my legs were aching in the calves & thighs by 10 when I
finished this morning. The relief came
and then we all had to walk the three kilos back to the Billet as the trucks
were all engaged.
After lunch I felt really “browned off” as the expression puts
it. I could not help joining in withs
moans and groans to the Sarg. when he came in for a chat this afternoon. After the rest I was feeling in higher
spirits when I returned to the P.W.D. at . There were several heavy
explosions during the four hours we were on but not very near to us. I had a short talk with two Jews who unarmed,
patrol a section of the road near our guard post.
They are part of an official guard and as
they put it are “Home Guards” they were empowered to question anyone on the streets
at anytime and if they are not satisfied by their replies can take them to the
Police Station. The Arabs I believe have
a similar system which they back up with a little more force than do the Jews.
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MIME types tell browsers how to handle specific extensions. Most MIME types are set globally on the server. For example, the text/html MIME type equates to htm, html, and shtml extensions on most servers, and this tells your browser to interpret all files with those extensions as HTML files. You can alter or add new MIME types specifically for your site (note that you can not alter the global MIME type values, only add to them). MIME types are often used to handle new technologies as they appear. When WAP technology first appeared no one had these extensions set up on their server. With MIME types, however, you could have set it up yourself and begun serving WAP pages immediately.
Warning: Make sure you check the list of pre-existing MIME types before adding new ones. Check with your hosting administrator before adding a MIME type, as they can easily alter the correct functioning of your web site.
Note: People often get confused as to the difference between MIME types and Apache handlers. Basically, MIME types tell your browser how to handle files, while Apache handlers tell the server how to handle files.
To add a MIME type:
Click on the MIME Types button on the home page.
Enter the MIME type that you want to add in the MIME Type field. Have a look at the list of system-wide MIME types to show you how to add a new one or add to a pre-existing one.
Enter the file extension in the Extension(s) field.
Click on the Add button.
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| 0.88607
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|
The main function of an a/c is to manage the interior temperature and humidity. It does this by distributing the air through a coil full of cooling agent. The air cooled by the coil is after that blown out of the building via ducts. These ducts also register warm air and then carry it back to the ac system. Furthermore, a/c boosts the wellness of individuals inside the structure, specifically throughout hotter periods.
An air conditioning system has an outside system that accumulates water via steel fins. This outdoors device is usually mounted somewhere on a roof or somewhere near your house. It likewise includes a condenser that releases this water as the temperature level rises. A typical way to reduce the workload on the air conditioner is to make the building itself much more power effective. Air conditioning systems also use the condensing device, which is surrounded by metal fins.
Home window ac system are also an option. These types are similar to split systems, however are much more very discreet. Both indoor and outside units are furnished with blowers that relocate cool air. Air that gets in the indoor system travels through copper tubing to the outdoor system, which has a compressor as well as condenser coil. The outside system releases warm from the interior air, which is after that returned right into the interior system. This process repeats itself indefinitely.
When shopping for an air conditioning device, it’s important to consider its capability as well as convenience of upkeep. The usual BTU capabilities vary from 6,000 to 12,000, and appropriate for a common living-room. When purchasing an ac unit, constantly choose a size that matches your residence’s space as well as budget. When buying, ensure to check the SEER rating, which gauges the power performance of an air conditioning unit over a specific period of time, as opposed to simply a details time of the year.
When a residence ac unit operates, the warm in a home is moved outside via the ductwork to a cooler area. To attain this, the air is blown over an unique coil which contains liquid called refrigerant. The coolant after that alters from a liquid to a gas as it absorbs heat. The coolant is after that pumped out of your home via an additional coil. The process is as basic as that.
An a/c unit makes use of a fluid refrigerant, additionally known as ethane. The refrigerant absorbs heat in the evaporator coil and journeys to a condenser coil. This liquid refrigerant after that evaporates on the evaporator coil, cooling the air inside. It’s then passed to the condenser coil, where it cools as well as launches warm. This cycle repeats until the air in the residence reaches the preferred temperature.
There are a number of kinds of air conditioning system available on the market. Some are self-contained, while others are duct-connected. Window ac unit are one of the most economical and also convenient option if you just need cooling down for one space. Most window air conditioners are self-contained and are fairly inexpensive to purchase. They utilize copper tubes to push hot air outdoors and also blow chilly air right into the area. The device is put in the home window or hole in the wall and is quickly operated making use of a remote. Home window air conditioning unit have a number of downsides, including being loud during operation as well as occupying important space on the home window. Besides being noisy, window ac system call for a convenient location near an electric outlet.
You’ve most likely wondered what makes an ac unit work. In short, it’s made of 3 major parts: a compressor, a condenser, and an evaporator. The cooling fluid goes into the compressor as low-pressure gas and is pressed. This requires the molecules of the fluid to be packed closer together, raising the temperature and also power of the air. This process is called a/c and is an effective method to cool down a space or an entire structure.
Cooling units are offered in both wall-mounted as well as floor-mounted versions. Wall-mounted units are usually greater in the building, allowing you to feel cooler air a lot more gradually. Nonetheless, wall-mounted units are better at evenly spreading air throughout the whole room. Floor-mounted air conditioners are smaller sized and more very discreet, however they’re not as reliable at making great air. They also do not provide as excellent a distribution of air as floor-mounted systems.
Another fundamental part of an a/c is the refrigerant. The cooling agent moves throughout the whole a/c system to take in heat from the residence. As the refrigerant cools, it expands, moving the warmth to outdoors air. The cooling agent then remains to move throughout the air conditioning system. The refrigerant is a liquid, so the greater the temperature, the extra hot air it soaks up.
One more element of a cooling system is the compressor. This tool impacts high-pressure gas to the evaporator. Metal fins around the cooling device’s real estate are developed to distribute warmth. As the working liquid leaves the condenser, it changes into a liquid. The fluid after that goes into the evaporator through a minuscule hole. After it gets to the evaporator, it begins to vaporize, becoming a gas.
Split cooling devices operate in a comparable means to a split system. An indoor air conditioning system has an evaporator coil and also a blower fan. These parts work together to get rid of the heat from the air and also circulate great air from one location to an additional. A cooling agent line from the indoor device returns to the outdoor unit with copper tubes. The process then repeats. When the interior unit is not running, the outside unit pulls the cozy air back with the evaporator coil and also returns the colder air to the interior unit.
Regardless of the advantages of a/c, its use in cars and trucks is still not environmentally friendly. While lowering temperature level is a legitimate goal, the energy it consumes will certainly have an effect on your pocketbook along with the planet. A/c unit are responsible for a lot of carbon dioxide emissions and air contamination. At reduced rates, you’re much better off opening the home windows. Nevertheless, this will likewise raise air resistance as well as waste more power than waiting. BreathAlong humidifier reviews
The power efficiency ranking or EER is an important aspect to take into consideration when choosing an ac system for your house. It is a number that measures how effective the a/c system is, and is related to the price of running the device. In the united state, air conditioning unit represent 6% of electrical energy use and also emit 117 million lots of carbon dioxide each year. Getting an air conditioning system that has a higher SEER score will certainly help in reducing energy costs as well as cut your electrical energy expense.
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If you own a Ford F-150 pickup truck, you can use the car buttons on the garage door opener to safely operate it. This article will teach you how to safely program your car buttons on the garage door opener. After that, you can try to re-set the opener by pressing the ‘learn’ or’replace’ button a few times. It may take several times before the garage door opener responds to the buttons.
Safely programmed car buttons to operate the garage door opener
To program your Ford f150 garage door opener, you must be inside the car and within sight of the control box. Locate the buttons on the inner roof of the vehicle. If the vehicle has a Genie set-up, you’ll see three buttons and an indicator light above the middle button. Press the button three or four times until the garage door opens or closes. Then, press the HomeLink button again to activate the opener.
The program button is located near the driver’s seat. Press it to program the car. The light should flash for a few seconds. After 30 seconds, the button will respond to the programming. Once the programming is complete, the light will turn off. The next step is to learn the button in order to program the door opener. To do this, you should follow the directions on the control panel.
After setting the program button, you should press the arrows simultaneously. This process can take anywhere from three to ten seconds. You can also check the instruction manual or online to find out where the control panel is. It will also help to know how to synchronize the car buttons with the car door opener. Then, you can use the same remote controller for multiple garage doors.
Testing the range of the garage door opener
When operating the Ford F150 garage door, poor range is often a problem. This may be due to a weak battery in the original transmitter. To test the range of your door opener, read the Workshop Manual section 419-02 and test it at both close ranges and normal distances. If it fails to work, replace the sun visor. If the problem persists, replace the original transmitter and/or sun visor.
The keypad for your garage door opener is mounted inside the car. Park the vehicle in a driveway and enter the code. Once you have entered the code, pull backwards or reverse the car to see how far it will reach. The range of your keypad may be limited to a few feet. You may also need an extra hand or ladder to get to the top of the garage to test the opener.
The keypad on your garage door opener has a ‘learn’ button. If the button isn’t responsive, try pressing the ‘learn’ or’replacement’ button to see if the door opens. Pressing this button again might not be successful, but this is normal. The range of the Ford F150 garage door opener is about 200 feet. The keypad is located near the top of the opener.
Resetting the garage door opener
If your garage door has malfunctioned, it may be time to reset the system. The process of reprogramming a garage door opener will depend on the manufacturer, age, and model. However, most openers are relatively easy to reset, and following these basic steps will help you get your opener back to normal operation in no time. To begin, first turn the ignition on and press the keypad’s up or down arrow buttons. Press and hold the arrow buttons for about three to 10 seconds to start the system.
If the unit has a rolling code device, you may have to take additional steps to reset the system. You can have a second person help you with this procedure if you need to. Press the learn/smart button on the garage door opener motor, then hold the HomeLink buttons until the indicator light turns off. If you do not know how to program the opener to operate with your phone, simply call a technician and ask for help.
To program your remote, choose the button on the garage door opener transmitter and press and hold it for about five to 55 seconds. If the garage door opens after pressing and holding the button, release it. Repeat steps two to six as necessary. To test if the programming was successful, check the indicator light on the opener. Generally, the red light means the process was unsuccessful. If the indicator light remains on for about twenty seconds, press and hold the two outer HomeLink buttons again. If the reset process was successful, you can now reprogram your factory remote system.
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voir la définition de Wikipedia
|American Music Awards|
|Awarded for||Outstanding achievements for American artists in the record industry.|
The American Music Awards is an annual American music awards show, created by Dick Clark in 1973 for ABC when the network's contract to present the Grammy Awards expired. Unlike the Grammys, which are awarded on the basis of votes by members of the entertainment industry, the AMAs are determined by a poll of music buyers.
The AMAs were created by Dick Clark in 1973 to compete with the Grammy Awards after the move of that year's show to Nashville, Tennessee led to CBS picking up the Grammy telecasts after its first two in 1971 and 1972 were broadcast on ABC. Michael Jackson and Donny Osmond co-hosted the first award show with Rodney Allen Rippy and Ricky Segall in 1974.
While the Grammy Awards are awarded based on votes by members of the entertainment industry, the AMAs are determined by a poll of music buyers. The American Music Awards have nominations based on sales, airplay, activity on social networks, and video viewing and can nominate only the works released between 1 December of the previous year and 1 September of the current year. Before 2010 had nominations based only on sales and airplay and nominated every work, even if old. The Grammys have nominations based on vote of the Academy and only nominate a work from their eligibility period that changes often.
In 1996, the AMAs instituted a new award, Favorite Artist of the Year, which was awarded to Garth Brooks. Brooks left the award on the podium because he didn't believe in the concept of picking an artist of the year. The category was discontinued.
In 2004, the AMAs brought in a new category entitled "T-Mobile Text-In Award", which resembled the Favorite Artist of the Year. The academy chose one artist each from five genres of music (rap, rock, pop, R&B, country) to compete in one category, with the public texting its votes.
The first hosts for the first telecast of the AMAs were Helen Reddy, Roger Miller, and Smokey Robinson. Helen Reddy not only hosted the show but also became the first female artist to win an AMA for Favorite Pop/Rock Female artist. For the first decade or so, the AMAs had multiple hosts, each representing a genre of music. For instance, Glen Campbell would host the country portion (Campbell, in fact, has co-hosted the AMAs more times than any other host or co-host), while other artists would co-host to represent his/her genre. In recent years, however, there has been one single host. For the 2008 awards, Jimmy Kimmel hosted for the fourth consecutive year. In 2009, there was no host for the first time in history. Instead, the AMAs followed the Grammys' lead in having various celebrities give introductions.
From its inception in 1973 until 2003, the AMAs have been held in mid- to late-January, but were moved to November beginning in 2003 so as not to further compete with other major awards shows (such as the Golden Globe Awards and the Academy Awards) and allows for ABC to have a well-rated awards show during November sweeps.
The record for most American Music Awards won is held by Michael Jackson, who has amassed twenty-six awards, including one for "Artist of the Century". The most American Music Awards for a group belongs to Alabama who have collected twenty-three awards and for a female artist belongs to Whitney Houston with twenty-two awards.
The record for the most American Music Awards won in a single year is held by Michael Jackson (in 1984) and Whitney Houston (in 1994), each with 8 awards to their credit (including the Award of Merit, with which both artists were honored in the respective years).
In 2000 the AMAs held a poll to elect the Artist of the Decade for each previous decade of the Rock & Roll era. The results were:
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Jeux de lettres
Lettris est un jeu de lettres gravitationnelles proche de Tetris. Chaque lettre qui apparaît descend ; il faut placer les lettres de telle manière que des mots se forment (gauche, droit, haut et bas) et que de la place soit libérée.
Il s'agit en 3 minutes de trouver le plus grand nombre de mots possibles de trois lettres et plus dans une grille de 16 lettres. Il est aussi possible de jouer avec la grille de 25 cases. Les lettres doivent être adjacentes et les mots les plus longs sont les meilleurs. Participer au concours et enregistrer votre nom dans la liste de meilleurs joueurs ! Jouer
Dictionnaire de la langue française
La plupart des définitions du français sont proposées par SenseGates et comportent un approfondissement avec Littré et plusieurs auteurs techniques spécialisés.
Le dictionnaire des synonymes est surtout dérivé du dictionnaire intégral (TID).
L'encyclopédie française bénéficie de la licence Wikipedia (GNU).
Changer la langue cible pour obtenir des traductions.
Astuce: parcourir les champs sémantiques du dictionnaire analogique en plusieurs langues pour mieux apprendre avec sensagent.
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What To Do If You Encounter A Lionfish?
It’s estimated that female lionfish can lay up to 2 million eggs per year, and these largely escape predation due in part because of a repellent occurring within fertilized egg masses. This means huge percentages will recruit into the safety provided by structure – where they mature without experiencing predatory stress!
To keep your hands safe, never touch the stinging fish with any part of yourself. If you are lucky enough to get hurt by one it’s best not just remove that area immediately so as long Chalara® polyps from evolving on top and developing further into an infestation which could cause major skin problems!
How do you stop a lionfish invasion?
Joining a lionfish derby is an excellent way to control the populace inside your particular area or dive site. If you order them around when heading out for food, this will help since it produces incentives and economic reasons behind more divers trapping these pesky creatures!
What happens if you get stung by a lion fish?
Lionfish are so blood thirsty they will attack anything that moves. The venom of this fish has multiple spines which increases your chance for infection and can cause body-wide signs like alterations in heartbeat, abdominal discomfort sweating or fainting among other things! It’s rare to die from a lionfish sting but when you do it usually takes anywhere between 8 hours up 30 days depending on how severe the case was before death occurred.
A person who gets stung may experience various symptoms such as difficulty breathing because their airways become paralyzed due too much swelling around muscles used for swallowing; altered mental state including confusion near panic attacks etc.; excessive itching all over coupled with pain.
How do you kill lionfish?
Lionfish are among the most dangerous fish within Caribbean and Atlantic since they’re a non-native species without any known predators. Here’s how:
Find Lion Fish – it may be difficult because of their appearance, but you’ll know if you find one by looking for sharp spines on its body or large fins that extend past its backside when excited (this could happen during attacks). Once located steadily walk towards your target while holding up high enough so as not to alarm them before sticking yours spear into their mouth area where there is little muscular tissue beneath scales; then simply twist around until done cooking.
How venomous is a lionfish?
Lionfish are not poisonous, meaning they deliver their contaminant through needles. Without these spines Lion Fish don’t have any method to inject venom and as such can be safely caught/ Preparared for consumption provided you avoid getting stuck by an individual’ssinging Career Mode – which would probably seriously hurt!
Why are lionfish fishing derbies held?
Lionfish derbies are an excellent way to educate participants and also the public about this invasive species. The significant local, national and worldwide attention that comes with Derby occasions helps facilitate education for those who may not be geographically attached in invaded range of our oceans’ coastlines!
Can lionfish defend themselves?
The Lionfish has an extremely sharp spine which it can flick forward to penetrate the skin of any creature that touches them. This causes just enough venom leakage for defense against most predators in their new environments, but not so much as hurt humans or other animals too badly!
What are humans doing to stop lionfish?
Lionfish removal by divers is recognized as an encouraging technique for local control (i.e., specific reefs or reef areas). However, up until now most efforts have been focused on exploring the ocean in search of these pesky fish and their larvae habitats – not exactly convenient when you’re trying to pack your dive gear!
The good news: we may finally be closing in on a solution thanks largely due research being done here ataccompan.
How many robots would it take to reduce the population of lionfish?
Once the 1,000 robotic lions are in place it is estimated that they will be able to lessen local fish populations by up tp 90%.
Can lionfish sting when dead?
Lionfish are pesky fish that can cause an adverse reaction in even the most experienced handler. All lion-related accidents happen despite how much time has passed since they left, so it’s important for those who work with them regularly to be aware of any potential situations – whether underwater or not while filleting their own dinner at home! This includes having medical grade punctureproof gloves handy just incase you get caught by one its spines without proper protection offered by your skin.
The Lion Fish may seem like a minor issue but when dealing with live animals there will always come danger.
What’s the most venomous fish?
The most venomous fish in the world is actually a close associate with scorpionfishes, known as stonefish. Through its spines on their dorsal fin and needles that can inject killing toxins into an adult part within just minutes or so if infected by one these creatures!
Can lionfish kill you?
Lionfish are not known to be dangerous to humans, but those who have an allergy or sensitivity towards their venom might develop symptoms of aHypersensitive reaction including fever. Severe signs and symptom may include: difficulty breathe; hives (the worst cases); swelling around the mouth area as well other parts like tongue etc., nausea/vomiting among others.
If you’re allergic towards this type toxins then there’s no need for alarm yet since it usually doesn’t lead anywhere unless left untreated.
Do you get paid for killing lionfish?
The Lionfish Challenge is a great way to win some money and help out the environment. Submit your catch after registering for this challenge, which will be hosted next year! You can get up $5k if you find an FWC-tagged lion fish that has been caught in 2022 or before – so don’t wait too long.
Why should we kill lionfish?
Lionfish are a problem for many coral reefs, and it is important that we find ways to protect them. spearfishing has been illegal in most areas but can be done without any negative repercussions because the fish will die from being captured by yournet or line regardless of where you catch him!
A lot people don’t realize how beautiful these creatures actually look when swimming around our underwater worlds – so please try making some room on your menu next time instead if those over priced aquarium cleaners with high concentrations barely make enough difference between one type.
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CLEVELAND — The pandemic impacted college enrollment, according to new numbers released earlier this week.
The National Student Clearinghouse Research Center showed a big drop in community college enrollment across the country.
"Overall spring enrollment fell to 16.9 million from 17.5 million, marking a one-year decline of 3.5 percent or 603,000 students, seven times worse than the decline a year earlier," the survey concluded. "Over 65 percent of the total undergraduate enrollment losses occurred in the community college sector."
Cuyahoga Community College's numbers reflect those drops.
"Well, there's a ripple, obviously, always. But it affects our bottom line and what we have to work with, in terms of our budget," said Karen Miller, provost and vice president at the school.
Normally, the school has between 20,000 and 23,000 students enrolled. During the pandemic semester - Fall 2020 and Spring 2021 - those numbers dropped. Numbers from the school show enrollment in the fall was 18,754 and this past spring semester it was 16,970. Enrollment is open right now for students.
"I've been a student here for two years. I'm studying kinesiology," said Joseline Navarro. "I'm supposed to have two years left but if I do the summer semester it will shorten it so hopefully that works out."
She was at the school's Metro campus waiting to enroll in classes.
She said going to Tri-C is a good balance for her schedule.
"I'm a professional wrestler. I travel a lot for wrestling," she said.
The school surveyed students and found many were choosing between work and school. Miller said for community college, enrollment is tied to the economy. Normally, she sees a correlation between more jobs and fewer enrolled students. Learning from students' problems during the pandemic, Tri-C is launching a Jobs First program which will support students to get jobs before graduation.
As the school saw an impact on the budget, Navarro saw an impact in her classes.
"So, it's like a pro and a con to it. The pro to it is, because it is less people, the professor can hands-on with you a little more," she said. The con is faculty positions weren't filled after retirements and some classes weren't offered.
"I've got a whole list of things I still need to take," Navarro said as she waited to enroll. But an enrollment counselor didn't show up. Her 11:15 a.m. appointment was pushed to 4 p.m.
She was told other appointments ran over. But, for Tri-C, busy enrollment could be a good sign.
"We're watching the numbers month by month," Miller said.
She said the school is expected to hit its target enrollment number, 21,000, for the fall semester.
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You know your job at home as a wife, mom and homeschooler is important, but you also feel really small sometimes, like the daily monotony doesn’t have a whole lot of meaning.
You’re teaching your kids at home, trying to balance all the things and it’s harder than you thought.
What is the point of teaching your kids the same things over and over each day, doing the same chores over and over, especially when it feels like nobody’s listening or even paying attention??
But it does have meaning. All of it does.
Because I believe, like Mother Theresa said, that if we want to change the world, we need to love our families first and that as moms we have the opportunity and the power to change the world for the better.
Don’t believe it yet? Here’s what others are saying about Living Well + Learning Well:
“[Learning Well] is a wonderful community full of tips and encouragement and inspiration for this great journey that is homeschooling.” -@thecleeclan
“This community has inspired me and I am so blessed by it!” -Kristen
“Thank you Alicia, for all that you do. You have been a huge help to me as I feel my way through this adventure.” -Kate T.
Sign up here for updates + the secrets of a simpler mom life
Imagine living life as Mom knowing your purpose, knowing you can take on the day because you have simplified the clutter, said NO to the unnecessaries and you find JOY in the daily grind?!
When you hang out here, you’ll get constant encouragement and practical ways to streamline your days and love motherhood + homeschool more, so you can press on changing the world with your family.
I’m Alicia Hutchinson and I have struggled a lot in my motherhood + homeschool journey wondering what it’s all about. But one day while I was doing the dishes, I remembered the quote by Mother Theresa–If you want to change the world, go home and love your family–and it struck me.
So many days I was feeling sorry for myself like my life didn’t have any great depth or purpose “just” being a homeschool mom. But I realized at that moment that the greater span of what we as mothers do on a day-to-day basis is so much more than just dirty dishes and carpooling.
I still struggle with mom life + homeschooling some days, just like you do too. But that doesn’t mean we’re doing something wrong…it just means we’re doing something hard.
It’s taken a long time to change my way of thinking, but after feeling like I wasn’t good enough one too many times, I finally realized the importance of having a plan, holding it loosely, and wisely shifting it when life happens. Being at home doing school and life all day is MESSY! I know now that amidst the messy I can still create a rich and beautiful home + education for my kids and do it with confidence.
Are you ready? Let’s get started. These are a few reader faves that will be a good way to dip your toes into the Living Well + Learning Well pond.
- Listen to the podcast!
- Who We Are, at Our Core (this was my first podcast where I talk about becoming a mama)
- Lazy Girl’s Guide to Getting Up Early (I love routines! But not really mornings much.)
- Our Home Tour (or smallish, perfectly imperfect little house)
- Tough Love for Self-Care (because sometimes self-care isn’t about baths and chocolate)
- The ultimate training course to homeschooling: LEARNING WELL: AN ESSENTIALS COURSE TO HOMESCHOOLING
I am soaking up all the info and I’m loving it. It keeps me going and encouraged. I am new to my town so I don’t know anybody yet and I feel alone, and so I get my encouragement/advice from you!-S.A.
Hearing from my readers + listeners is such a blessing to me. Email me! Introduce yourself and tell me about your motherhood journey so far. I can’t wait to hear from you.
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In mathematics, specifically in topology, the interior of a subset S of a topological space X is the union of all subsets of S that are open in X. A point that is in the interior of S is an interior point of S.
The exterior of a set S is the complement of the closure of S; it consists of the points that are in neither the set nor its boundary. The interior, boundary, and exterior of a subset together partition the whole space into three blocks (or fewer when one or more of these is empty). The interior and exterior are always open while the boundary is always closed. Sets with empty interior have been called boundary sets.
If S is a subset of a Euclidean space, then x is an interior point of S if there exists an open ball centered at x which is completely contained in S. (This is illustrated in the introductory section to this article.)
This definition generalizes to any subset S of a metric space X with metric d: x is an interior point of S if there exists r > 0, such that y is in S whenever the distance d(x, y) < r.
This definition generalises to topological spaces by replacing "open ball" with "open set". Let S be a subset of a topological space X. Then x is an interior point of S if x is contained in an open subset of X which is completely contained in S. (Equivalently, x is an interior point of S if S is a neighbourhood of x.)
Interior of a set
The interior of a subset S of a topological space X, denoted by Int S or S°, can be defined in any of the following equivalent ways:
- Int S is the largest open subset of X contained (as a subset) in S
- Int S is the union of all open sets of X contained in S
- Int S is the set of all interior points of S
- In any space, the interior of the empty set is the empty set.
- In any space X, if S ⊆ X, then int S ⊆ S.
- If X is the real line (with the standard topology), then int([0, 1]) = (0, 1).
- If X is the real line , then the interior of the set of rational numbers is empty.
- If X is the complex plane , then
- In any Euclidean space, the interior of any finite set is the empty set.
On the set of real numbers, one can put other topologies rather than the standard one:
- If X is the real numbers with the lower limit topology, then int([0, 1]) = [0, 1).
- If one considers on the topology in which every set is open, then int([0, 1]) = [0, 1].
- If one considers on the topology in which the only open sets are the empty set and itself, then int([0, 1]) is the empty set.
These examples show that the interior of a set depends upon the topology of the underlying space. The last two examples are special cases of the following.
- In any discrete space, since every set is open, every set is equal to its interior.
- In any indiscrete space X, since the only open sets are the empty set and X itself, we have X = int X and for every proper subset S of X, int S is the empty set.
Let X be a topological space and let S and T be subset of X.
- Int S is open in X.
- If T is open in X then T ⊆ S if and only if T ⊆ Int S.
- Int S is an open subset of S when S is given the subspace topology.
- S is an open subset of X if and only if S = int S.
- Intensive: Int S ⊆ S.
- Idempotence: Int(Int S) = Int S.
- Preserves/distributes over binary intersection: Int (S ∩ T) = (Int S) ∩ (Int T).
- Monotone/nondecreasing with respect to ⊆: If S ⊆ T then Int S ⊆ Int T.
The above statements will remain true if all instances of the symbols/words
- "interior", "Int", "open", "subset", and "largest"
are respectively replaced by
- "closure", "Cl", "closed", "superset", and "smallest"
and the following symbols are swapped:
- "⊆" swapped with "⊇"
- "∪" swapped with "∩"
Other properties include:
- If S is closed in X and Int T = ∅ then Int (S ∪ T) = Int S.
The interior operator is dual to the closure operator, which is denoted by or by an overline —, in the sense that
In general, the interior operator does not commute with unions. However, in a complete metric space the following result does hold:
- If each is closed in then
- If each is open in then
The result above implies that every complete metric space is a Baire space.
Exterior of a set
The (topological) exterior of a subset of a topological space denoted by or simply is the complement of the closure of :
Alternatively, the interior could instead be defined in terms of the exterior by using the set equality
As a consequence of this relationship between the interior and exterior, many properties of the exterior can be readily deduced directly from those of the interior and elementary set identities. Such properties include the following:
- is an open subset of that is disjoint from
- If then
- is equal to the union of all open subsets of that are disjoint from
- is equal to the largest open subset of that is disjoint from
Unlike the interior operator, is not idempotent, although it does have the property that
Two shapes a and b are called interior-disjoint if the intersection of their interiors is empty. Interior-disjoint shapes may or may not intersect in their boundary.
- Algebraic interior – Generalization of topological interior
- Boundary (topology) – All points not part of the interior of a subset of a topological space
- Closure (topology) – All points and limit points in a subset of a topological space
- Interior algebra
- Jordan curve theorem – Division by a closed curve of the plane into two regions
- Quasi-relative interior – Generalization of algebraic interior
- Relative interior – Generalization of topological interior
- Kuratowski, Kazimierz (1922). "Sur l'Operation Ā de l'Analysis Situs" (PDF). Fundamenta Mathematicae. Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences. 3: 182–199. doi:10.4064/fm-3-1-182-199. ISSN 0016-2736.
- Narici & Beckenstein 2011, pp. 371–423.
- Zalinescu, C (2002). Convex analysis in general vector spaces. River Edge, N.J. London: World Scientific. p. 33. ISBN 981-238-067-1. OCLC 285163112.
- Bourbaki, Nicolas (1989) . General Topology: Chapters 1–4 [Topologie Générale]. Éléments de mathématique. Berlin New York: Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-3-540-64241-1. OCLC 18588129.
- Dixmier, Jacques (1984). General Topology. Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics. Translated by Berberian, S. K. New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-0-387-90972-1. OCLC 10277303.
- Császár, Ákos (1978). General topology. Translated by Császár, Klára. Bristol England: Adam Hilger Ltd. ISBN 0-85274-275-4. OCLC 4146011.
- Dugundji, James (1966). Topology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. ISBN 978-0-697-06889-7. OCLC 395340485.
- Joshi, K. D. (1983). Introduction to General Topology. New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. ISBN 978-0-85226-444-7. OCLC 9218750.
- Kelley, John L. (1975). General Topology. Graduate Texts in Mathematics. Vol. 27. New York: Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 978-0-387-90125-1. OCLC 338047.
- Munkres, James R. (2000). Topology (Second ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc. ISBN 978-0-13-181629-9. OCLC 42683260.
- Narici, Lawrence; Beckenstein, Edward (2011). Topological Vector Spaces. Pure and applied mathematics (Second ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1584888666. OCLC 144216834.
- Schubert, Horst (1968). Topology. London: Macdonald & Co. ISBN 978-0-356-02077-8. OCLC 463753.
- Wilansky, Albert (17 October 2008) . Topology for Analysis. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, Inc. ISBN 978-0-486-46903-4. OCLC 227923899.
- Willard, Stephen (2004) . General Topology (First ed.). Mineola, N.Y.: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-43479-7. OCLC 115240.
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Home / RheumTV / Rheumatoid Arthritis Flares: An Introduction
Rheumatoid Arthritis Flares: An Introduction
Through research, doctors have a clearer understanding of how flares can impact a patient on a personal and emotional level. Dr. Uzma Haque breaks down what an RA Flare could look like and what some possible triggers could include.
Dr. Haque is an active faculty member at the Arthritis Center at the Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, and is actively engaged in administering clinical care to patients with general rheumatic and musculoskeletal disorders.
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Talking to Tweens about makeup? If your young daughter cannot check herself from observing the makeup aisle at the neighborhood drug store or the superstore then it is probably time to consider how you will talk to your tween daughter about the issue of makeup. Many companies manufacture makeup for girls; choosing a company is probably not a difficult task for you. But there are many things to consider and discuss before you allow your kid daughter to get introduced to the world of cosmetics.
Talking to Tweens about Makeup
Makeup and Tween Girls
Most of the parents do not want their tween daughters to wear any makeup because they are afraid that their daughters will look much older and mature than they actually are and will unnecessarily attract attention that they might not be able to handle later on. Some of the mothers though want their daughters to wait till the time they can understand how to apply makeup properly and also take good care of their skin. The reasons may be many but there are indeed a multitude of factors that needs to be considered before arguing over the issue of makeup for tween girls.
Points that need to be considered
It is very normal for tween girls to wear make-up and take an active interest in fashion. Even if you believe that your daughter is of the tomboyish type, you will be surprised to see that she will take an interest in makeup as soon as she reaches her tween years. So the idea of makeup cannot be dismissed so easily. After all, for the majority of the girls, it is a huge milestone in their life. Another thing to keep in mind is that if you are unnecessarily strict and forbid her from makeup then she might rebel and hide many things from you.
In middle school, it is very common to find girls rushing to the girl’s bathroom as soon as they reach the premises and whip out the eyeshadow and eyeliner from their bag! So instead of stopping your daughter from using makeup, you can encourage her to use products that will give her a sense of being grown-up. However, she must not use products that will make her makeup, obvious such as a purple eyeliner. For example, you can tell your daughter that she can apply a lip gloss that is light pink and then apply a light moisturizer if she feels that her complexion needs more touch up. For eye shadows and eye creams, she can use peach or skin-toned ones so that it does not become obvious. These colors also blend easily with skin color.
Give her advice and talk to her on makeup tips
Your tween daughter will have a propensity to do the makeup on her own not knowing that she needs an expert guide to learn how to do her makeup. Generally, when it comes to makeup, girls prefer not to depend on their mother. Now, this is where the role of a parent becomes very important; she must advise her on makeup from time to time without being overwhelming and take her to experts as and when necessary.
Take the help of others
You should consider taking your tween daughter to a department store for a quick makeup application. Take her to a place where they will teach her something about applying makeup. If budget is not a constraint then you can make that a mother-daughter day with facials and light makeup. Believe it or not, she will be more willing to listen to the makeup artist at the store than listen to you at home.
Make her realize the importance of hydration
You must keep an eye on her tween daughter to check whether she is having enough water. Sit with your daughter and make her understand that low intake of water can lead to dark circles around her eyes and will make her lose her youthful look. But an eco-friendly water bottle for her so that she gets an interest in drinking water at regular intervals.
This is the age when your tween daughter will have an impulse to buy everything off the shelves! She might want to buy the latest brand of eye care cream and this is where you step in. You must make her understand that when buying eye care creams or other similar skincare products, the price tag is the least important thing. It’s the ingredients which should matter to her more. Encourage her to buy something organic or natural and make her understand that chemically laden skincare products just lead to skin abuse and nothing else.
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Fall is a great time of year to get cozy inside and do some fall activities with your kids!
If you’re looking for some fall activities that will be educational, fun, and best of all – easy to do at home with the kids then we’ve got some great ideas for you!
We’ve included over 10 scarecrow activities for preschoolers that are great for preschool or kindergarten children.
These activities range from crafts to coloring pages, worksheets, and more! Browse through all of our ideas to find the ones perfect for your kids or students!
Scarecrow Ideas For Kids
Here’s a fun and easy craft that kids will love! All you need to make this paper bag scarecrow craft is a brown paper bag, glue, construction paper, and a marker. Your kids can use this for pretend play when they’re done too!
Check out this popsicle stick scarecrow craft that is easy to do and perfect for kids of all ages! This cute little guy will be a great decoration for your fridge too!
These printables are a great way for kids to work on letter recognition, handwriting, and scissor skills. Download these free printable scarecrow worksheets to get started!
This scarecrow art activity will get the kids excited about fall. It’s easy and helps with fine motor skills too. Get creative, have fun, and make a unique scarecrow today!
This scarecrow craftivity is a great activity because after kids make it, they can write about all the things they would do if they were a scarecrow! Let your child’s imagination run wild with this creative writing prompt. We love having our little ones learn how to express themselves through stories!
This printable scarecrow craft is so easy for young children! Just download, print, and cut out the pieces, then assemble your own! This is perfect as a school project or simple activity at home.
This scarecrow toilet paper roll craft is a fun and easy way to recycle. It’s perfect for kids of all ages, especially during the fall season!
This paper shape scarecrow craft will help you have fun while teaching your young kids about shapes and colors. The materials are simple so it’s perfect if you’re short on supplies or looking for an activity that doesn’t require much prep work!
This paper plate scarecrow craft is a great way to get your kids in the spirit of fall!. They’ll love making their own little friend. Let them choose which colors they want–they will be so proud when they see how cute it turns out!
Scarecrows are a staple of fall celebrations and with these printable scarecrow coloring pages, you can make your very own to celebrate the season. Have fun!
This scarecrow headband craft is a great item to do when the weather starts cooling down. This DIY project will make your kids happy and keep them entertained!
Which activity will your kids want to start with? Let us know in the comments below.
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Winter Storm Uri dumped record amounts of snow on Texas, with the frigid temperatures and severe weather impacting all 254 counties in the state in February 2021. Millions of Texans lost power. Snow and ice paired with ultra-low temperatures caused widespread road closures and dangerous travel conditions. State emergency management leaders activated warming centers in communities across Texas and numerous personnel were deployed to assist stranded motorists and conduct welfare checks. Gov. Greg Abbott issued a disaster declaration for all 254 counties in the state.
Incident Period: February 11, 2021 – February 21, 2021
Declaration Date: February 19, 2021
Application Period: May 10, 2021 through January 15, 2022
Governor Abbott and the Texas Division of Emergency Management (TDEM) announce the open application period for the Hazard Mitigation Grant Program (HMGP) related to FEMA-DR-4586 (Severe Winter Storms). The application period will be open from May 10, 2021 through January 15, 2022 TDEM will receive the final lock amount one year after the declaration date of February 19, 2021.
Eligible subapplicants include state agencies, local governments, tribal governments, and certain private nonprofit organizations. Pre-award costs incurred after February 19, 2021 may be considered for those projects selected for funding.
All entities seeking funding under this opportunity must have a FEMA approved Hazard Mitigation Plan at the time the project is submitted to FEMA for consideration and at the time an award is made except for projects to develop or update mitigation plans. An exception to this requirement may be requested on a case-by-case basis in accordance with FEMA’s 2015 Hazard Mitigation Assistance Guidance https://www.fema.gov/hazard-mitigation- assistance-program-guidance.
All applications must be received by TDEM through the Grants Management System (GMS) (https://grants.tdem.texas.gov) no later than January 15, 2022 at 5:00 PM order to be considered for funding.
Any questions regarding this opportunity should be directed to the TDEM Recovery and Mitigation, Hazard Mitigation Section at firstname.lastname@example.org, (512) 424-2423, or to the hazard mitigation coordinator/specialist assigned to your region.
Applicant Briefing and Request for Public Assistance information for State, Local, Territorial, Tribal (SLTT) governments and certain types of private nonprofit (PNP) organizations
On February 20, 2021, Governor Abbott announced that his request for a federal major declaration was granted for the Severe Winter Storm that began on February 11, 2021. The FEMA disaster designation is DR-4586. This opens opportunities through FEMA’s Public Assistance (PA) program for reimbursement of eligible cost associated with emergency protective measures.
Eligible government or non-profit organization will need to take the following steps to start this process:
Please submit any questions to your TDEM District Coordinator or send an email to email@example.com.
For Texas Residents in the FEMA Declared Counties, please visit:
Affected Texans are encouraged to report property damage. Share pertinent details and photos to assist emergency management officials in the preliminary damage assessment process.
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In February this year a report examining local authority staff pension fund investments found that the Devon Local Government Pension Scheme invests £157 million of its £4 billion fund in fossil fuel companies such as Royal Dutch Shell, BP, BHP, Anglo American and ExxonMobil.
The report found UK local government pension funds held nearly £10 billion worth of investments in oil, gas and coal companies.
Shell, BP and BHP account for around 40% of these investments. About two thirds of the funds are invested in oil and gas and about a third in coal. The Devon fund was identified among the largest fossil fuel investors, with nearly 4% of its money invested this way: its largest such holdings are around £36.5 million in Shell and £21 million in BP.
Devon Pension Fund currently has more than 39,000 actively contributing members, employed by 214 employers from unitary, district, town and parish councils, education establishments and other bodies in the region. Many of these organisations declared climate emergencies more than two years ago, including Devon County Council and Exeter City Council.
Both councils have also since passed formal motions in support of a Climate and Ecological Emergency Bill tabled in Parliament by Green Party MP Caroline Lucas which seeks, among other increases in UK climate policy ambition, an end to the extraction, export and import of fossil fuels.
Following the publication of the report, Devon County Council Investment and Pension Fund committee met to discuss Devon Pension Fund’s investment strategy, and its climate change policies in particular.
It agreed to sign up to a commitment framed by the Institutional Investors Group on Climate Change, of which Devon County Council is a member, aimed at alignment with the 2015 Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting global temperature rise to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.
The commitment includes setting interim investment portfolio carbon reduction targets across all emissions scopes and reducing the net greenhouse gas emissions of the portfolio to zero by 2050 or sooner.
The Devon Pension Fund investment strategy also said this included actively “promoting emissions reductions at the companies invested in” but the IIGCC commitment does not contain those words, although it does refer to the Paris Aligned Investment Initiative’s Net Zero Investment Framework which proposes strategic asset allocation, policy advocacy and market engagement among its approaches.
The county council subsequently issued a statement summarising the new pension fund climate change investment strategy. Then Councillor Ray Bloxham, who was chair of the council’s investment and pension fund committee at the time, emphasised the strategy’s shareholder activist perspective. He said:
“Simply pulling the plug on investing in carbon intensive industries isn’t the answer because they are inextricably linked to the very industries that are working to find sustainable solutions.
“To give an example, the steel industry is carbon intensive but is also vital in the production of the wind turbines we need to increase the supply of renewable energy.
“To achieve real emissions reductions, it is vital we engage with the companies we are invested in, to hold them to take responsibility for their product throughout its usage, not just in its manufacture.”
We asked the county council to clarify these remarks. We were told that collective shareholder pressure aimed at company reduction of direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions has more impact than divestment and will do more to tackle climate change.
Green Party councillor Jacqui Hodgson, who represents Totnes & Dartington at County Hall, raised the issue again during members’ questions on 29 April. She asked what steps were being taken to expedite the changes required by the Devon Pension Fund’s newly agreed commitment “to ensure the utmost expediency in divestment from fossil fuels, as this investment is undermining the Devon Carbon Plan and the opportunity to address and mitigate carbon emissions, and putting Devon County Council investments and pension funds at substantial risk”.
Ray Bloxham responded in his then role as chair of the council’s investment and pension fund committee. (He stood down at the May local elections, when Henry Gent won his seat for the Green Party.) He said: “The fund is making a significant contribution towards the climate change agenda and is wholly aligned to the wider aspirations of the council. Disinvestment is not our preferred approach and I firmly believe that disinvestment does not help to respond to climate change one iota.
“Disinvestment from the companies listed would not stop those companies from operating but simply remove any influence we have as an influential investor. And we are having an influence. Shell are engaged in research into alternative fuels and BP are very much involved in renewables. Disinvestment would withdraw from that diversification.”
We asked the county council to give examples of ways in which specific operational decisions by Shell and BP which have led to measurable reductions in greenhouse gas emissions have been directly influenced by Devon Pension Fund. We were told that shareholder engagement with Shell and BP has had a significant impact on the approach of both companies.
However a peer-reviewed study published eariler this month, which concluded that the realistic window for meeting the 1.5°C target is very rapidly closing, singled out Shell’s so-called “Sky” corporate carbon reduction strategy for criticism.
Study co-author Professor Tim Lenton, Director of the University of Exeter Global Systems Institute said it “calls for an immediate acceleration of worldwide action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by all available means”.
Professor Gail Whiteman of the University of Exeter Business School, another study co-author, said: “The Shell Sky scenario has been called pie in the sky, and that’s indeed what it is. In the business community some still like it because it seems to offer, in comparison to other scenarios, a relatively easy way out of the climate crisis. Our analysis shows, however, that there are no easy ways out.”
Shell has since published a revised version of what its calls its “energy transition strategy”. It is based on reducing the “carbon intensity” of the energy it produces by diversifying into other activities while modestly decreasing its oil production in favour of expansion of its gas business.
However this approach allows continuing high or even increasing greenhouse gas emissions levels while diluting the overall proportion of emissions, meaning the company’s absolute emissions could fall by as little as 10% over the next ten years.
“Analysis of the latest plans show the company will attempt to meet its self-declared targets while freezing emissions at more or less the same level as today. In fact, it’s currently forecasting an increase in gas production and gas exports to global markets.
“Rather than reducing its emissions, Shell plans to offset gigatonnes of emissions by planting trees to capture carbon. It says that reforestation and other nature-based technology will be enough to allow its expanding operations. But Shell’s Sky scenario requires a forest the size of Brazil to offset the volume of carbon it intends to continue pumping out.
“Offsetting carbon emissions with forest growth at this scale is a dangerous fantasy. Science tells us it is simply not possible to substitute carbon emissions from coal, oil and gas, with unstable ‘green’ carbon sinks in trees and soil. While offsetting with nature-based solutions and techniques for carbon dioxide removal is necessary, it should only be used to offset residual, difficult to abate sectors like agriculture and aviation.
“Shell sees oil and gas playing a role in our global economy for many decades to come. Science says that is simply not feasible if we want to avoid catastrophic climate breakdown.”
BP is in a similar position. While it was the first major oil company to truly change course, partly as a result of shareholder pressure, announcing in August last year that it would reduce its oil and gas production by 40% by 2030 (compared to 2019 levels), its “getting to net zero” aims nevertheless rely on the same “carbon intensity” approach taken by Shell.
And it only intends to halve the “carbon intensity” of the greenhouse gas emissions from its scope three energy product sales by 2050, which is why the company’s investor-led CA100+ assessment concludes its corporate strategy remains incompatible with the Paris Agreement.
BP will start up seven major new hydrocarbon production projects in 2022, with at least three more following in 2023 or later. Even the International Energy Agency, which was established to ensure the energy supplies of rich, industrialised countries in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis, has now concluded that all investment in new coal, oil and gas production must cease immediately and all exploitation and development of new oil and gas fields must halt this year.
But the fossil fuel industry is a global juggernaut that is not so easy to stop.
A recent study of Shell, BP, Chevron and ExxonMobil, the top four investor-owned hydrocarbon companies by size of direct and indirect historical greenhouse gas emissions, showed that executive compensation packages directly incentivise continued exploration, extraction and production of fossil fuels as well as promotion of demand for their consumption. Shell’s CEO Ben van Beurden earned more than $23 million from the company in 2018, with his peers close behind.
The study also found that the four companies, whose scientists knew that their products contributed to global warming by the late 1970’s or earlier, spent a total of $731 million on lobbying in the US between 1998 and 2019. A 2019 report separately found that the five largest publicly-traded oil and gas majors spent more than $1 billion in the three years following the Paris Agreement on “misleading climate-related branding and lobbying”.
Another recent study by a coalition of NGOs found that fossil fuel firms received $3.8 trillion in finance from the world’s banks in the five years following the 2015 Paris Agreement. And a report published this week concluded that UK banks and investors are responsible for global greenhouse gas emissions that nearly double the UK’s annual total, which would make the City of London the ninth biggest carbon emitter in the world if it were a country, ranked higher than Germany.
And while the fossil fuel divestment movement has grown significantly in size and influence over the past ten years, has contributed to the social stigmatisation of oil and gas companies and is likely to influence some investment decisions as well as policy-making, there is little conclusive evidence that it has had a direct adverse impact on their share price to earnings ratio, the basis of their market valuations.
Despite the conclusions of a joint investigation into the historical financial performance of energy companies by Imperial College and the International Energy Agency which concluded that investment in renewables generated higher returns than fossil fuels across all portfolios, and presented lower risks in global and advanced economies portfolios, the oil and gas majors would not be more profitable were they to transition overnight to renewables.
This is partly because of the high cost barriers which prevent new entrants to the markets which they currently dominate, preventing competition, and partly because their profit margins are much higher than those in the renewable sector. Shell recently posted profits of $3.2 billion for the first quarter of 2021: its CEO said the company was “ideally positioned to benefit” from the world’s recovering demand for fossil fuel.
The Devon Pension Fund does not directly own shares in BP or Shell, but does own units in pooled passive equity investment funds which own such shares. These funds are managed on Devon Pension Fund’s behalf by Legal & General Investment Management (LGIM), which directs voting on behalf of the shareholders for which it is responsible. LGIM is Britain’s biggest fund manager, overseeing more than £1.2 trillion of assets. It is accountable to its fund unit holders, including Devon County Council, in respect of such votes.
At the BP Annual General Meeting on 12 May, a Dutch fossil fuel industry shareholder activist group called Follow This submitted a resolution which challenged the company to set and publish greenhouse gas emissions targets that are consistent with the Paris Climate Agreement, covering all scopes including its suppliers and the consumption of its energy products.
BP’s board recommended that shareholders vote against the resolution, claiming that the company’s existing strategy was Paris Agreement-compliant despite its scope three aim to reduce the “carbon intensity” of the products it sells by just 50% by 2050.
LGIM voted with the board and against the Follow This resolution, although the resolution did receive the support of 20.7% of the company’s shareholders, an increase of 12.3% since the 2019 AGM. The activist group’s founder, Mark van Baal, said: “Oil major boards rarely take the initiative to move on their own. The shareholders have to compel them to set targets, and have to support them to attain these targets.”
We asked Devon County Council why LGIM did not vote in favour of this resolution on Devon Pensions Fund’s behalf. A spokesperson said that as BP had set targets which “appear consistent” with the Paris Agreement it was “unclear what additional action the company could take”.
Then, at the Shell AGM on 18 May, Follow This, which first began co-ordinating investors around these issues at the company’s 2016 AGM, put forward a similar Paris Agreement-aligned resolution in direct challenge to a competing board-proposed resolution supporting the company’s revised “energy transition strategy”.
Just over 11% of Shell’s shareholders voted against the board’s strategy, while the Follow This resolution received 30.47% of the votes, its support more than doubling since last year when 14.4% of shareholders voted in favour. In 2016 just 2.7% supported the Follow This motion. Under UK corporate governance rules, winning more than 20% of the votes means that the company is compelled to consult shareholders on the resolution’s content and report back within six months.
At this meeting LGIM voted against the board resolution and in favour of the Follow This resolution. It said it did so because it did not believe the company’s plan could “credibly claim alignment with a 1.5°C pathway”. However it said that while it backed the activist group “on this occasion”, it had reservations about its objective of using shareholder activism to turn oil and gas firms into renewable energy companies, saying a strategy of “managed decline” would be an equally viable option.
The investment management company’s recommendation for the oil and gas industry is to focus primarily on reducing its own emissions (and production) in line with global climate targets before considering any potential diversification into clean energy.
Notwithstanding the differences in position between Devon Pension Fund and its investment manager on shareholder activism in fossil fuel companies, the growing influence of shareholder vote co-ordination groups such as Follow This is evident. As this story went to press ExxonMobil was facing a shareholder rebellion backed by the company’s largest shareholder aimed at dislodging board members, and Chevron shareholders were about to vote on another Follow This resolution aimed at cutting its carbon emissions.
However it is nevertheless clear that while increasing support for such interventions has put climate change higher up oil company agendas, both BP and Shell, in which Devon Pension Fund has invested £57 million, are still pursuing corporate strategies that are incompatible with the Paris Agreement.
Neither currently plan to become predominantly renewable energy companies, there are limits on the influence their shareholders can bring to bear, their management are both incentivised and obliged to maximise their profits, and the world can no longer wait for them to change course voluntarily.
It may be that the only means by which the fossil fuel industry might meet the Paris Agreement targets, at least insofar as the UK can influence it, would be corporate governance reform legislation which forces the City of London into alignment with the government’s professed climate change leadership position.
A report published today by risk intelligence company Verisk Maplecroft suggest that this may be the direction of travel, even though policy-makers currently appear unaware of their destination.
It warns that none of the G20 countries are on track to meet their climate goals, and that there is “no longer any realistic chance of an orderly transition” to a low-carbon future for global financial markets because political leaders will be forced to rely on “handbrake” policy interventions to cut emissions.
The report’s authors said: “These conditions will leave businesses in carbon-intense sectors facing the most disorderly of transitions to a low-carbon economy, with [restrictive] measures imposed with little warning.
“Companies and investors across all asset classes must prepare for at best a disorderly transition and at worst a whiplash from a succession of rapid shifts in policy across a host of vulnerable sectors.”
As things stand, despite Parliament passing legislation in June 2019 committing the UK to reaching net zero by 2050, national climate action plans have been criticised for lack of ambition in key areas and are being undermined by recent decisions including cutting domestic air passenger duty and foreign aid, freezing vehicle fuel duty for the eleventh year in a row and axing the flagship green homes grant scheme.
The House of Commons Public Accounts Committee says the government does not have a “co-ordinated plan”, the National Audit Office says the UK is currently not on track to meet its targets and the Institute for Government says it has “not yet confronted the scale of the task”.
And with Devon County Council happy to follow the government’s business-as-usual post-coronavirus recovery playbook, welcoming a £38 million Department for Transport road-building grant to “unlock growth” on the back of ever-inflating residential housing values, it doesn’t look like Devon Pension Fund’s 39,000 actively contributing members can expect leadership on this issue from local government either.
UPDATE I: After this story went to press, it was announced that a court in the Hague has ordered Shell to cut its carbon emissions in line with the Paris Agreement, with these reductions to include the emissions caused by their suppliers and the consumption of their products, the scope for which both Shell and BP have so far evaded responsibility.
The landmark case, brought by Friends of the Earth Netherlands and more than 17,000 co-plaintiffs, is the first time a corporation has been held liable for causing climate change. Roger Cox, the campaign group’s lawyer said: “This is a turning point in history. This case is unique because it is the first time a judge has ordered a large polluting corporation to comply with the Paris Climate Agreement. This ruling may also have major consequences for other big polluters.”
Shell has been ordered to comply with the judgement immediately, but nevertheless plans to appeal against the decision, which will only apply in the Netherlands. However it raises the possibility that similar cases could be brought in other legal jurisdictions if corporations do not comply with the Paris Agreement and governments will not intervene to compel them to do so.
UPDATE II: We have now received confirmation from Devon County Council of how Legal & General Investment Management voted on behalf of Devon Pension Fund at the Chevron and ExxonMobil AGMs which were held after this story went to press.
LGIM voted among a 61% majority in favour of the Follow This proposal at the Chevron AGM, which will force the company to reduce its emissions faster than it planned, and in favour of all four reforming ExxonMobil board candidates proposed by activist hedge fund Engine No.1 as well as against the retention of the company’s CEO.
Three of the four reforming candidates, who are all experienced oil industry executives, were elected to the board to pursue a profit-oriented, risk-focussed climate action agenda, but CEO Darren Woods retained his position. ExxonMobil is not only one of the world’s biggest contributors to the climate crisis, it is also the world’s greatest single-use plastic waste polluter.
Since then Shell CEO Ben van Beurden has issued a defiant statement in which he insisted the company had been playing a leading role in decarbonising the sector, questioned the Hague court ruling and confirmed the company would appeal.
He also said that the company expects to continue selling oil and gas products for “a long time to come” and said that it would not help the world “one bit” if Shell “stopped selling petrol and diesel today”. Rather, he said, his company’s customers should “find their own pathways to achieve net-zero emissions” and invited governments to intervene with policies and regulation.
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|국가/구분||United States(US) Patent 등록|
|미국특허분류(USC)||222/146.6 ; 222/504 ; 222/509 ; 62/338 ; 251/065|
|발명자 / 주소|
|출원인 / 주소|
|대리인 / 주소||
|인용정보||피인용 횟수 : 106 인용 특허 : 1|
A refrigerator includes a beverage dispenser mounted in a refrigerating compartment thereof for dispensing a beverage through the refrigerator door. The dispenser includes a beverage-storing vessel having a beverage outlet in the form of a valved spigot which is arranged to project through a hole in the door when the door is closed. The spigot includes an internal valve which is attached to a first magnet. The door carries a valve actuator which includes a second magnet adapted to generate a magnetic repulsive force against the first magnet to open the v...
[ What is claimed is:] [8.] A beverage storage vessel adapted to be mounted in a refrigerating compartment of a refrigerator for dispensing a cold beverage through a door of the refrigerator, the vessel comprising:a vessel body for storing a beverage and having a beverage outlet;a spigot mounted on the vessel body and adapted to project through a refrigerator door when the door is closed, the spigot including:a spigot body forming a beverage passage communicating with the outlet,a valve movably disposed within the spigot body between a passage-opening po...
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Project Tango will power NASA’s SPHERES robotic platform, will launch into space later this summer
While Project Ara is more immediately aimed at providing a commercial solution for improving the lives of smartphone users around the globe, the equally ambitious Project Tango is currently geared towards developers and organizations looking to find unique ways to make use a device that is essentially aware of its own surroundings.
Project Tango utilizes a pair of cameras and an infrared projector to measure depth and observe movement, and then takes this information and creates a 3D map of the space around it. Aside from this, the specs inside the Tango ‘phone’ aren’t much different from your typical handset, such as its quad-core SoC and 2GB of RAM.
Google and NASA are working to integrate Tango with NASA’s own robotic platform, SPHERES.
Project Tango has a lot of potential, and Google has already been releasing the device into the hands of various partners over the last couple months. One of these partners is NASA, and today Google revealed a bit about what NASA intends to do with Project Tango.
Project Tango and its role in SPHERES
Since the summer of 2013, Google ATAP’s Tango team has been working closely with a NASA team at the Ames Research Center. The focus of their relationship has been on working to integrate Tango with NASA’s own robotic platform, called SPHERES.
The goal of the SPHERES platform is basically to create autonomous robotic assistants that can eventually handle the more menial tasks for those aboard the ISS space station. Where does Tango play into all this? Basically the smartphone plugs into the SPHERES robotic prototype, providing it with the “eyes” needed to properly navigate around the space station.
When might SPHERES and Tango actually make their way beyond testing and into space? Sooner then you’d think. If all goes well, Project Tango and SPHERES should be launched into orbit later this summer. This is certainly a unique use of the technology behind Project Tango and makes it clear that Tango’s long-term effects could go way beyond simply giving us a cool 3D sensing handset to play around with.
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Elizabeth Tuttle was overjoyed when, on June 26, she received a call from NASA: her project to send a drone copter to Titan, Saturn’s largest moon, was given the green light and a budget of nearly a billion dollars.
But the launch of “Dragonfly” won’t happen until 2026 — surely a frustrating detail, given she has been working on the project for 15 years.
“It’s not going to feel like a long time, it’s gonna go very quickly,” says “Zibi” Turtle, 52, a planetologist at the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, a massive research center outside Washington that employs 7,000 people.
The 1,323-pound drone won’t land on Titan — about one billion miles (1.6 billion kilometers) from Earth until 2034.
“The outer solar system is a distant place,” Turtle explains calmly. She seems surprised she’s actually being asked about the length of interplanetary voyages.
“It definitely takes a certain amount of patience to explore the outer solar system.”
The pace of planetology is nothing like that of most other scientific disciplines. The distances are so far, and the robots we send to cross them so sophisticated, that researchers will dedicate their lives to a mere handful of missions.
Educated at MIT and the University of Arizona, Zibi Turtle remembers the first cursory images of Titan, taken by the Hubble space telescope in the 1990s. The researcher was among the first people to receive close-up photos of Titan taken in 2004 by the Cassini probe — which had been launched seven years prior.
“That was fascinating, to see clouds on another planet,” Turtle recalls. “And we had no idea what was on the surface. We could just see dark and bright areas.”
The European Huygens probe, dropped to the surface by Cassini, managed to send its images before dying. The world stared, stupefied, at riverbeds crossing Titan’s surface. “That was a real breakthrough,” Turtle adds.
Over the next few years, Titan began to take shape: a strange celestial body with surface temperatures of around -290 degrees Fahrenheit (-179 degrees Celsius). It’s larger than both Mercury and our Moon, with a crust made of ice and crossed by rivers and lakes of flowing liquid methane.
Winds blow, clouds move, and it rains (methane) over the valleys, dunes and mountains that make up the moon’s surface. Cold volcanoes might even spew water as their lava.
– A primitive Earth –
“That’s what so strange, right? Because Titan has such different materials. And yet, it has a very Earth-like geology,” Turtle muses.
Scientists believe that conditions on Titan are similar to those on Earth, before the first life forms appeared. They suspect the liquid methane could play the same role as water in making the jump between chemistry and biology.
Dragonfly, which will serve as a mini-chemical laboratory, will fly from one site to another for years, searching for carbon-based molecules — what researchers call life’s building blocks.
The molecules collected from an ancient river may be different from those that never got wet. All traces of Earth’s primitive history have been erased. Titan could offer a journey through time.
And if Dragonfly finds nothing?
“There’s no way we won’t learn something from Titan,” she says without a trace of doubt. “No matter what we find, it will tell us something.”
Planetary exploration has taught Turtle that “the solar system is more creative than our imaginations.”
“There are always surprises,” she adds.
Before the launch date, she needs to finish designing and building Dragonfly: four sets of rotors, a miniature nuclear generator, a lithium-ion battery, 10 cameras, two sampling drills and four scientific instruments.
Hundreds of scientists and engineers from different institutions are involved in the project.
Chief engineer Ken Hibbard has worked countless nights and weekends for months. He knows he will grow old with the project.
“You invest so much of your time and energy, a little bit of your soul goes into every one of these concepts,” he says.
“It’s more than two of us. It’s hundreds of people that come together and make things happen. And no one wants to let anybody else down.”
He will most likely be in the control room in 2026 for the launch. Zibi Turtle also wants to be there in person, to help out.
“That would be the plan,” she says.
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Exposure time control
An improved exposure time control for a photographic printer includes a digital processor such as a microprocessor. The digital processor receives input signals such as signals from large area transmission density (LATD) sensors, from density or color sensors, and from an operator control panel. Based upon the input signals, the digital processor derives a digital count and a clock control signal for each color channel. The exposure of each color channel is controlled as a function of the time required to change the corresponding digital count from its initial value to a predetermined final value. The changing of the digital count for each channel is caused by the digital processor in response to clock or interrupt signals from variable clocks controlled by the clock control signals. The rates at which the interrupt signals are generated are controlled by the clock control signals.
Latest PAKO Corporation Patents:
Reference is made to co-pending applications by J. Pone entitled "Photographic Printer with Automatic Density and Color Corrections for Paper Gamma"; by J. Pone and P. Seidel entitled "Photographic Printer with Automatic Slope Compensation"; and by J. Pone entitled "Photographic Printer with Interactive Color Balancing" which were filed on even date and are assigned to the same assignee as the present application. These co-pending applications describe photographic printing systems which may use the exposure time control of the present invention.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to photographic printing systems. In particular, the present invention is an improved method and apparatus for controlling exposure times.
Photographic printers produce color or black and white prints or transparencies from photographic film originals (generally negatives). High intensity light is passed through the film and imaged on the photosensitive print medium (film or paper). The photographic emulsion layer on the print paper or film is exposed and subsequently processed to produce a print or transparency of the scene contained in the original.
In order to increase efficiency and minimize time required to fill customer orders, high speed printers have been developed in which many exposures are made on a single roll of print paper. After the exposures are made, the roll is removed from the printer, is photoprocessed to produce prints, and is cut into individual prints. The prints are then sorted by customer order and ultimately packaged and sent to the customer.
A critical portion of a photographic printer is the exposure time control, which controls the duration of the exposure of the photosensitive medium in order to assure that the image on the photosensitive medium is properly exposed. The exposure time control may utilize inputs from several different sources in order to determine the proper duration of the exposure. For example, most automatic printers use large area transmission density (LATD) sensors to sample the light transmitted by the negative either prior to or during the exposure. Control of the exposure time is determined using a method known as "integration to grey". In addition, many automatic printers include an automatic density correction (ADC) or color scanning station which scans the negative prior to printing and corrects the exposure time in the event of an abnormality in illumination of the negative known as "subject failure". Finally, the operator may enter density or color correction signals from the operator control panel. Based upon some or all of these input signals, the exposure time control determines the proper exposure time for each of the color channels or for one black and white channel.
The significant advances in digital electronics and digital computers in recent years has led to the development of computer control of photographic printers. One of the functions controlled by the computer (which has typically been a minicomputer) is the exposure time control function. In the past, a significant amount of computing time has been dedicated to the control of the exposure time.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is an improved exposure time control which uses a digital processor, but which reduces the amount of processing time used by the digital processor in controlling the exposure time. In the present invention, the digital processor derives, from input signals, a digital count for each channel and a clock control signal for each channel. Storage means stores the digital counts, and variable clock means provide clock (or interrupt) signals at rates determined by the clock control signals. The digital processor changes the digital counts for each of the color channels from their initial values in response to the clock signals. The exposure time of each color channel is controlled as a function of the time required to change each corresponding digital count from its initial value to a predetermined final value.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a system block diagram of a photographic printer.
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the exposure time control of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of a portion of the exposure time control of FIG. 2.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a photographic printer. In the printer, an image contained in film 10 is printed onto photosensitive paper 12. Light from print lamp 14 is passed through a frame of film 10 and is focused by optics 16 onto an appropriate portion of paper 12.
The exposure time during which paper 12 is exposed to the image from film 10 is determined by the position of filter paddles and shutter 18. The filter paddles typically include a subtractive filter for each color channel (red, blue, and green). Filter paddles and a shutter 18 are controlled by exposure time control 20.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, exposure time control 20 receives input signals from LATD sensors 22, from density or color sensors 24, and from operator control panel 26. Not all of these sources of input signals are required in every system, and similarly, other sources of input signals which affect the exposure time may be used in the printer.
FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the exposure time control of the present invention. The control system includes a digital processor 28, which is preferably a microprocessor such as the Intel 8080A. Analog signals from the LATD sensors 22 and the sensors 24 are multiplexed by multiplexer 30. The analog signals are converted to digital signals by A/D converter 32, and supplied as input signals to microprocessor 28. Input signals from the operator control panel 26 are also received by microprocessor 28. In one preferred embodiment, the red, green, and blue signals from the LATD sensors are each converted by A/D converter 32 into 12-bit digital signals, as are the signals from density or color sensors 24 for individually measured segments of the film.
Based upon the input signals from A/D converter 32 and operator control panel 26, microprocessor 28 generates a digital count and a clock control signal for each color channel. The red, green, and blue digital counts are each stored in random access memory (RAM) 34. The clock control signals are preferably digital numbers n.sub.R, n.sub.G, and n.sub.B, which are supplied to variable clocks 36a, 36b, and 36c.
The clock signals from variable clock 36a-36c are generated at rates determined by the value of n.sub.R, n.sub.G, and n.sub.B. The output signals of clocks 36a-36c are supplied to multilevel interrupt circuit 38, which supplies interrupt signals to microprocessor 28 as a function of the clock signals.
Each time microprocessor 28 receives an interrupt signal, it changes the appropriate count in random access memory 34. When the count of a particular color channel has been decremented to zero, microprocessor 28 energizes the appropriate one of the filter paddle solenoids 39, thereby terminating the exposure in that color channel.
FIG. 3 shows a more detailed block diagram of one preferred embodiment of a portion of the exposure time control. In this embodiment, read only memory (ROM) 40 is provided in addition to random access memory 34. Connected to the data/address/control bus 42 are two multiport I/O circuits 44a and 44b. Divide-by-n counters 46a and 46b receive numbers n.sub.R and n.sub.G from multiport I/O circuit 44a, while divide-by-n counter 46c receives number n.sub.B from multiport I/O circuit 44b. Counters 46a, 46b, and 46c, together with common time base generator 48 perform the functions of variable clocks 36a, 36b and 36c, respectively, shown in FIG. 2.
The carry outputs of counters 46a, 46b and 46c are supplied to interrupt enable circuits 50a, 50b and 50c. The outputs of interrupt enable circuits 50a-50c are supplied to multilevel interrupt circuit 38, which supplies interrupt signals to microprocessor 28.
Multiport I/O circuit 44b also provides three outputs which are supplied through buffers 52a, 52b and 52c to solenoid drivers 54. Filter paddle solenoids 39 are driven by solenoid drivers 54.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the three digital counts supplied to RAM 34 are in the range of 50-99. The numbers n.sub.R, n.sub.G, and n.sub.B, which control the rate at which interrupt signals are supplied, are in the range of 0 to 256, and common time base generator 48 provides a time base of 1 millisecond. The interval between interrupts for a particular color channel, therefore, can range from 1 to 256 milliseconds, depending on the value of n.sub.R, n.sub.G, or n.sub.B.
Each time multilevel interrupt 38 supplies an interrupt signal to microprocessor 28, the appropriate digital count in RAM 34 is decremented by microprocessor 28. The exposure time for each color channel is determined by the time required to decrement the digital count in RAM 34 for that color channel from its initial value to zero (or some other predetermined final value). When zero is reached, microprocessor 28 provides a signal through multiport I/O circuit 44b to one of the solenoid drivers 54, thereby terminating the exposure in that color channel.
The present invention allows great flexibility in the making of corrections to the exposure times for each color channel. The initial count of between 50 and 99 is a base count which can be modified at any time during the exposure by simply increasing or decreasing the count. For example, in one preferred embodiment of the present invention, filter paddle compensation is provided each time one of the filter paddles is driven into the light path to terminate the exposure in a particular color channel. The filter paddle compensation is achieved by microprocessor 28 by increasing the digital counts contained in RAM 34 for the remaining color channel or channels. This increase in the digital counts, and therefore the increase in exposure time, compensates for the unwanted absorption in the remaining color channels by the filter paddle which has just been driven into the light path.
The digital counts for each color channel and the clock control numbers for each channel can be derived in many different ways depending upon the particular input signals supplied to microprocessor 28. In one preferred embodiment, the determination of the digital counts and the clock control numbers is based upon the premise that the intensity times the time that the photosensitive medium is exposed must be a constant regardless of the density of the film negative. In other words, the less intensity of the light, the longer the exposure time must be. Since the density of the negative to be printed is measured by LATD sensors 22, since the total time-intensity product desired for the particular photosensitive medium is known, and since the time base and the permissible range of values of the digital counts and the clock control numbers are specified, it is possible to derive the digital count and clock control number for each color based upon the LATD signals for that color. Any other corrections to exposure time, such as required by signals from density or color sensors 24 or operator control panel 26 may be used to modify either the digital counts or the clock control numbers, or both.
In one preferred embodiment of the present invention, the digital signals from LATD sensors 22, density or color sensors 24 and operator control panel 26, are converted to modified log.sub.2 values by multiplying the log.sub.2 of the reciprocal of the LATD signal by a constant (which is a scaling factor). The use of log.sub.2 values permits easy handling of the signals by simple addition and subtraction rather than multiplication. After the red, green, and blue LATD signals have been corrected based on values from density or color sensors or operator control panel signals, or by other corrections required by the printer, a modified antilog is taken of the corrected value. The antilog consists of two digital numbers for each color channel. One number is the digital count and the other is the clock control number n. The digital count is supplied to RAM 34 and stored, and the clock control count is supplied to one of the multiport I/O circuits 44a or 44b and is used to control the rate of clock signals generated by counters 46a-46c.
An important advantage of the present invention is that the clock or interrupt rate is independent for each channel. In addition, independent optimization of the rates for each of the color channels is possible. The microprocessor is not burdened, therefore, with extremely long counts and the updating which is required for those long counts.
If all three color channels normally terminated in "dead heat" (i.e., at the same time), only one clock operating at a given rate for all three channels would be necessary. In practice, however, the channels do not generally finish in "dead heat". If a single time base were provided for all three channels, therefore, it would have to be of extremely fine resolution. As a result, the microprocessor would be burdened with extremely long counts which would take up a significant portion of the microprocessor's time simply to update and change counts.
With the present invention, on the other hand, the microprocessor is free to perform calculations for the next exposure or to perform other machine control functions. This allows a system of the present invention in many cases to utilize a microprocessor rather than a minicomputer to control exposure time.
In conclusion, the exposure time control of the present invention represents a significant improvement over the prior art exposure control systems. It permits the use of a microprocessor to perform all of the exposure time control functions and calculations without overburdening the microprocessor with an extremely fine time base. Although the present invention has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
1. In a photographic printer, an exposure control comprising:
- input signal source means for providing input signals which affect exposure times;
- digital processor means for deriving, from the input signals, a digital count and a digital clock control signal for each color channel;
- storage means for storing the digital counts;
- variable clock means for providing clock signals for each color channel to the processor means at a rate determined by the digital clock control signal for the corresponding color channel, the clock signals causing the digital processor means to change the digital counts from their initial values; and
- means for controlling exposure of each color channel as a function of the time required to change the digital count for that color channel from its initial value to a predetermined final value.
2. The exposure control of claim 1 wherein the input signal source means comprises:
- sensor means for providing input sensor signals indicative of measured optical characteristics of a film segment to be printed.
3. The exposure control of claim 2 wherein the sensor means comprises:
- large area transmission density sensing means for each color channel.
4. The exposure control of claim 3 wherein the sensor means further comprises:
- density or color measurement means for reading defined areas of the film segment prior to printing.
5. The exposure control of claim 2 wherein the input signal source means further comprises:
- multiplexer means for multiplexing the input sensor signals; and
- A/d converter means for converting the input sensor signals from analog to digital signals.
6. The exposure control of claim 2 wherein the input signal source means further comprises:
- operator control means for providing input operator control signals.
7. The exposure control of claim 1 wherein the variable clock means comprises:
- time base generator means for providing a common time base signal; and
- counter means for each color channel, each counter means receiving the common time base signal and the digital clock control signal for that color channel and producing the clock signal for that color channel.
8. The exposure control of claim 7 wherein the digital clock control signals are digital numbers n, and the counter means are divide-by-n counters.
9. The exposure control of claim 1 and further comprising:
- multilevel interrupt means for supplying to the digital processor means, in response to the clock signals for each color channel, interrupt signals which cause the digital processor means to change the digital counts of the corresponding color channels.
10. The exposure control of claim 1 wherein the means for controlling exposure comprises:
- filter means for each color channel for terminating exposure of that color channel; and
- filter driver means for driving the filter means in response to signals from the digital processor means.
11. The exposure control of claim 10 wherein the digital processor means changes the digital counts of color channels whose exposures are not completed when a filter means terminates exposure of one of the color channels, the changes of digital counts compensating for unwanted absorption of light of the color channels whose exposures are not completed.
12. A method of controlling exposure times in a photographic printer, the method comprising:
- providing a density signal indicative of measured density of a negative;
- providing a digital clock control signal which is a function of the density signal;
- providing a digital count which is a function of the density signal;
- producing clock signals at a rate determined by the digital clock control signal;
- changing the digital count as a function of the clock signals; and
- controlling exposure time as a function of the time required to change the digital count to a predetermined value.
13. A method of controlling exposure times of color channels in a photographic printer, the method comprising:
- measuring optical characteristics of a photographic film;
- producing, as a function of the results of the measuring, first and second digital signals for each color channel which determine a number and a rate, respectively;
- counting the number determined by the first digital signal at the rate determined by the second digital signal for each color channel; and
- controlling exposure time of each color channel as a function of the time required to complete counting the number at the rate for that color channel.
|3992098||November 16, 1976||Wirtz|
Filed: Nov 4, 1977
Date of Patent: Feb 20, 1979
Assignee: PAKO Corporation (Minneapolis, MN)
Inventors: Francis M. Laciak (Brooklyn Park, MN), John Pone, Jr. (Minneapolis, MN)
Primary Examiner: L. T. Hix
Assistant Examiner: W. J. Brady
Law Firm: Kinney, Lange, Westman and Fairbairn
Application Number: 5/848,736
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Impact Feature Issue on Faith Communities and Persons with Developmental Disabilities
Atlanta's Interfaith Disabilities Network
I talked with a father last week about his son, Brian. Brian just turned nine and is enjoying the new school year. The father was excited because this is the first year that Brian is in a class with other students who do not have a developmental disability. Brian is one of three kids with a developmental disability in the class, and he seems to enjoy school more since he has experienced a fuller amount of inclusion in his classroom. The father expressed feelings of relief, excitement, and encouragement – finally his son had a place at the table. He then paused, thought for a moment, and said, “I wish it was the same at our church.”
Brian’s dad expressed a sentiment shared by many people with disabilities and by their family members. This generation of people with disabilities has experienced a higher level of societal inclusion in schools, jobs, services, etc. We definitely have not arrived, but past legislation has helped to break down some barriers. Yet many of these barriers still exist in our faith communities. Religious communities, not required to meet the standards of the ADA unless accepting federal monies, have often lagged behind in their intent and ability to include people with disabilities. Brian’s church is one of these communities. His dad explains that their church does not discourage Brian’s participation in activities, yet they also do not encourage his inclusion into the full life of the community. It is for people like Brian and his dad, and for the congregations they attend, that the Interfaith Disabilities Network (IDN) exists.
The Network’s History
The Interfaith Disabilities Network was born out of a history of religion and disability work in the metropolitan Atlanta area. Beginning in 1985 the Commission on Disability Concerns of the Christian Council of Metropolitan Atlanta (CCMA) worked to help local congregations become accessible to persons with disabilities. The CCMA is a nonprofit dedicated to helping local Christian congregations become involved in serving the larger community. The Commission on Disability Concerns worked during its existence to help local Christian congregations increase their inclusion of people with disabilities. This committee, comprised of volunteers, held a major conference, published brochures on hospitality and accessibility, and helped educate local congregations in their efforts to become accessible.
Also in the Atlanta area since 1990, the Coordinated Network for Persons with Disabilities (comprised of Jewish Family and Career Services, Jewish Educational Services, and the Atlanta Marcus Jewish Community Center) in the Atlanta Jewish community has been working to help local synagogues welcome persons with disabilities. They offer disability awareness training, architectural accessibility information, and respite services to local synagogues to assist them in becoming accessible. In 1995, Jewish Educational Services began offering educational consulting services.
In its 1999-2000 strategic planning process, the CCMA dissolved the Commission on Disability Concerns. Around the same time the Atlanta Alliance on Developmental Disabilities (AADD), in consultation with the Coordinated Network of Services for Persons with Disabilities, the Shepherd Center (a spinal cord and brain injury specialty hospital), and other local leaders in religion and disability communities began a strategic planning effort to start an interfaith collaborative that would spearhead religion and disability work in Atlanta. In March, 2000, the CCMA “passed the torch” to AADD to not only continue the work of the Commission on Disability Concerns, but to expand this work to include the larger faith community. In July, 2000, AADD began the Interfaith Disabilities Network.
The IDN has a stated mission to advocate for the inclusion of people with disabilities in their faith communities. It is based on the premises that: 1) people with and without disabilities are valuable members of their faith communities; 2) faith communities benefit by removing architectural, attitudinal, and programmatic barriers; and 3) inclusion allows people with and without disabilities to practice their faith and use their gifts in worship, service, study, and leadership. The IDN includes self-advocates, parents, caregivers, professionals, and other interested parties from various disability and faith communities. It is open to the participation of anyone interested in helping advocate for inclusive faith communities. While working with people with developmental disabilities and their families, the IDN is intentional about including and working in various disability communities. This commitment is born of the belief that removing barriers to one disability often dovetails with the steps needed to welcome people with any disability.
The IDN is currently involved in three main areas of activity: collaboration, information-sharing, and community service. In the area of collaboration, the IDN seeks to bring together individuals from various disability communities and faith backgrounds who have experience helping to increase inclusion among faith communities. These individuals, with their wisdom on congregational inclusion, function as a network that is then able to assist other individuals and congregations who are beginning the journey to fully including people with disabilities.
The IDN also is building a database of congregations who state that they “welcome people with disabilities.” Although these congregations are at various stages of accessibility and full inclusion, they all seek to include people with disabilities and are committed to increasing their accessibility. Currently, 60 congregations in the Atlanta area have indicated their commitment to welcome people with disabilities. Information on these congregations is being shared with the community through a collaborative effort of the IDN and Parent to Parent of Georgia.
The IDN is also intimately involved in helping to educate congregations and the larger community about inclusion. It provides education to local congregations on why, what, and how of including people with disabilities. In addition, it works to offer education for local theological schools and for the larger community. An example of this education is a recent forum sponsored by the IDN that featured religious leaders from local Christian, Jewish, and Muslim communities as well as a sociology of religion professor from Emory University. Each presenter dealt with the topic of the religious leadership of people with disabilities, and time was allotted at the close of the forum for group discussion.
Key to the IDN mission and future success is a commitment to community service. In addition to its collaborative efforts, information-sharing, and education, the IDN endeavors to help congregations in the concrete activities of welcoming and including people with disabilities. The Inclusive Congregations Project is helping to further this aim. Members of the IDN realize that congregations often mean different things when they state they are “inclusive” or “accessible.” For one congregation this might mean they have a ramp and accessible bathroom, whereas another congregation might mean that their facility is fully architecturally accessible and they include people with disabilities in all aspects of their community. Facing this disparity of meaning, the IDN is seeking to help congregations set a standard for being inclusive.
Through grants from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation’s Faith in Action Program and the Georgia Governor’s Council on Developmental Disabilities, the IDN is working to help four local congregations become fully accessible and inclusive of people with disabilities. Through this project, the IDN will be able to detail working models of inclusion among Christian, Jewish, Muslim, and Unitarian Universalist faith communities. Congregations from each of these communities have committed to working with the IDN over an 18-month period to 1) document their history and current accessibility/inclusion status; 2) address any areas needed to increase accessibility/inclusion, and 3) begin a respite program to serve people with disabilities and families.
The IDN is in the initial stages of this project. Each congregation is starting the process within their community of forming the committees/taskforces necessary to implement these activities. Each congregation has also informally identified specific needs that respite related services could address. The Unitarian-Universalist congregation has 8-10 children attending their regular religious education classes whose parents have expressed interest in further support. They are brainstorming ways to offer respite not only to these parents but also to the larger community.
A local Jewish synagogue involved in the Inclusive Congregations Project is already involved in respite-related activities through the local Jewish services agencies. Yet they are talking with their youth group about volunteering monthly to help staff a respite home in the community. A local Muslim congregation is attended by 20+ adults with developmental and/or physical disabilities. They are planning to form a local support group that will allow them to encourage each other as well as provide their caregivers time for respite. Finally, a local Baptist congregation that sponsors a group home is looking to further their outreach by partnering with a masjid and synagogue, and jointly offering a community-wide respite program.
Obviously, respite is not the only service that congregations can offer people with disabilities and their families. It is the current focus of the IDN with these four congregations because of related grant stipulations. However, these examples illustrate a point repeatedly learned by members of the IDN – the inclusion of people with disabilities in faith communities is similar whether one is working with a church, synagogue, masjid, or other religious groups. We all have different belief systems and ways of worshipping and serving. Yet, in each of these faith groups there exists a core commitment to allow all seekers to participate in the community and its search for meaning. Once this commitment to inclusion is recognized, congregations within all faith groups can grow in their ability to welcome and include individuals with disabilities. And through the work of the Interfaith Disabilities Network, Brian, his dad, and any other people with and without disabilities can have a place at the table of our faith communities.
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Background: Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Gene expression profiling usingmicroarray technologies improves the understanding of cancer biology. The aim of this study was to determinethe gene expression profile in Egyptian bladder cancer patients. Materials and
Methods: Samples from 29 humanbladder cancers and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues were analyzed by cDNA microarray, with hierarchicalclustering and multidimensional analysis.
Results: Five hundred and sixteen genes were differentially expressedof which SOS1, HDAC2, PLXNC1, GTSE1, ULK2, IRS2, ABCA12, TOP3A, HES1, and SRP68 genes were involvedin 33 different pathways. The most frequently detected genes were: SOS1 in 20 different pathways; HDAC2 in 5different pathways; IRS2 in 3 different pathways. There were 388 down-regulated genes. PLCB2 was involvedin 11 different pathways, MDM2 in 9 pathways, FZD4 in 5 pathways, p15 and FGF12 in 4 pathways, POLE2in 3 pathways, and MCM4 and POLR2E in 2 pathways. Thirty genes showed significant differences betweentransitional cell cancer (TCC) and squamous cell cancer (SCC) samples. Unsupervised cluster analysis ofDNA microarray data revealed a clear distinction between low and high grade tumors. In addition 26 genesshowed significant differences between low and high tumor stages, including fragile histidine triad, Ras andsialyltransferase 8 (alpha) and 16 showed significant differences between low and high tumor grades, likemethionine adenosyl transferase II, beta.
Conclusions: The present study identified some genes, that can be usedas molecular biomarkers or target genes in Egyptian bladder cancer patients.
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It is a common experience for people that New Year’s resolutions ‘don’t work.’ Have you ever wondered why it is that you start out the New Year – gung-ho with your new commitments to exercise regularly, stop smoking or to lose that 15 or 50 pounds – only to eventually sabotage your efforts and end up feeling like a failure? Well, it really depends on where you are coming from in first making a New Year’s resolution. It is prudent to ask yourself why you want to make this change.
Often people will say that they mostly want to feel good about themselves. Often they think it will make them happier, or even just happy. They think they will be happy in life when they just lose the weight, stop the smoking, or get to the gym 3 times a week. Now although these are admirable goals for their health-inducing benefits, reaching them will not make people happier. Thinking that changing oneself in any way will, in itself, make one happy is erroneous thinking. It is the “if only” mind game – “if only I lose that 15 pounds, then I’d be happy”; “if only I could stop smoking, then I’d be happy”; “if only…………”; “if only…………”; “if only……….”; add in your own.
What is fueling this “if only” thinking is an underlying belief that “I am not good enough” or “I am not enough” or “I am not okay, or lovable“ just as I am. “I need to be different than the way I am.” We are first and foremost already rejecting ourselves. Most people experience this “not good enough” state at some time in their life. If they try to make external changes, such as losing weight for example, they cannot sustain feeling good about themselves with a foundation of underlying “not good enough” or “unworthy” thoughts and feelings.
The real change needed is a shift in perception. Start by adopting an attitude of compassion toward yourself. Stop judging and rejecting yourself, and practice self-acceptance instead. If it’s a change in your body that you seek, look in a full-length mirror and send love to your body, especially to the areas that you do not like. If you want to quit smoking, then you must learn to be compassionate with yourself, accept and love yourself even as a smoker. It isn’t going to help at all to beat yourself up by thinking negative thoughts about yourself. It is only by accepting and making peace with “what is” – and knowing that you are okay, worthy, enough, ‘good enough’, and lovable just for being who you are – that you can then take successful steps in the direction of your goals.
As you consider your desired dreams for 2013, remember to first offer yourself compassion, love and self-acceptance. From this starting point, you create within yourself the strong foundation which can support real change and lasting results.
Port Moody Health offers multiple programs and treatments to help you reach your New Years Resolutions. For information on Smoking Cessation, Weight Loss Management or any of our other programs, call the clinic at 604-949-0077 today!Leave a reply
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What we learned Thursday was Eduardo Rodriguez was being shut down due to "minor" health complications stemming from his recent bout with COVID-19. It was also relayed that the pitcher wouldn't be active for another week, at which point he would be reevaluated.
Now we have an idea of what the issue is.
According to a source, Rodriguez is dealing with a condition involving his heart.
There seems to be a strong possibility the specific affliction is called "myocarditis" which involves the inflammation of the heart muscle. Myocarditis is a situation that is often brought on by a viral infection and can affect your heart muscle and your heart's electrical system, reducing your heart's ability to pump and causing rapid or abnormal heart rhythms.
It explains the need for rest with victims of the disease not able to engage in any sort of activity that would accelerate the heart's functions.
Treatment includes medication and rest, allowing the inflammation around the heart to subside.
There have been numerous reports of COVID-19 patients being diagnosed with myocarditis.
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Cardiac & Pulmonary Rehab
Congestive Heart Failure, or CHF, is a condition in which the heart can no longer pump enough blood to the rest of the body. It is a chronic condition, but sometimes can develop suddenly. As the heart’s pumping is lost, blood may back up in other areas of the body. Fluid will build up in the lungs, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and the arms and the legs. Symptoms of this condition include increased blood pressure and breathing problems, even at rest.
Common Conditions and Diagnosis for CHF or HTN Program
Diagnosis of CHF or HTN Shortness of Breath and Fatigue
Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Disease Recurrent or Chronic Swelling/Edema of the leg
Diagnosis of Heart Failure
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is one of the most common lung diseases, which makes breathing difficult. Smoking is the leading cause of COPD. Other risk factors contributing to COPD include exposure to certain gases or fumes in the workplace, exposure to heavy amounts of secondhand smoke and pollution, and frequent use of a cooking fire without proper ventilation. Some symptoms of COPD are: cough (with or without mucus), fatigue, recurrent respiratory infections, shortness of breath that gets worse with mild activity, trouble catching one’s breath, and wheezing.
Common Conditions and Diagnosis for COPD Program
Diagnosis of COPD
Frequent Hospitalizations due to Recurring Pneumonia
Frequent ER Visits due to Shortness of Breath and Anxiety Attack
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How to Choose a Good CV Format
When writing curriculum vitae, it’s important to use a CV format that will represent you well in the job market. There are a number of formats used when laying out a Cv. These include:
- Performance CV
Generally, performance CV is the most commonly used CV format because it works best for most job industries. In this format, employment history is displayed in reverse chronological order starting with the most recent job. Company names and job titles should be displayed clearly with duties and achievements explained under each title.
- Functional CV
This type of CV format emphasizes the functions and achievements of your career. It is, therefore, suitable for persons with varied career choices or for those who wish to change their career path. Unlike Performance CV, company names and job titles are given less dominance.
- Targeted CV
This type of CV format highlights your skills, abilities, and achievements that are relevant to the job profile. It is also suitable for those planning a change in career. It also works for those who have had enormous experience in different jobs and would like to emphasize skills learned.
- Alternative CV
This sort of CV works best for people pursuing creative careers such as writing, art, fashion designers, architecture. It is not suitable for persons looking for managerial and executive positions. If your job requires exceptional talent with the use of visual mediums, then an alternative CV is perfect.
Each of these formats has its advantages and disadvantages and best suits a specific job market. Before you begin writing your CV choose a suitable CV format. Alternatively, seek professional assistance from expert CV and resume writers. A good CV should present your qualifications, achievements, honors, awards, and interests highly.
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Going fossil free in an industry that is traditionally energy intensive is one of our most important and challenging tasks in becoming net zero emitters by 2050. To achieve this, we are committed to redefining the standards of the industry and investing in breakthrough technology.
Investing in decarbonization
A transition to renewable fuels requires alternatives that are not available at scale today. The most interesting alternatives for Essity in the near future include hydrogen, geothermal steam, sustainable biomass and synthetic biogas.
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Are you looking for Newari Names for Girls then check out this article:
“Subhae Du Pasa (सुभ्ए डु पासा)“, This phrase that you may have heard means “Thank You friend” in Newari Language. This is a rather common phrase as it is an essential part of a Newari Greeting. Having said this, we do acknowledge that it can be pretty hard to read and pronounce for those who don’t speak or hear much Newari Languages. A lot of you might even think this sounds similar to Chinese or other Tibetan Words.
You will be partially correct if you think this as Newari Language does have a part of its root in the Tibetan Language as it originated from a Sino-Tibetan language. Although a lot of people know what a Newari language is, it can be a bit difficult at times to distinguish it from other languages.
For example, Newari has a word called “Lisah” that sounds exactly like the English Name “Lisa“. This word is the Newari term for “answer”. Along with that another such word is Khusi meaning a river. Khushi sounds exactly the same as the Nepali word Khushi that means Happiness. Both of these are written and pronounced exactly the same way but are from different languages having different meanings.
There are a lot of such words in Newari languages and a lot of the names that Newari people have do fall into the category of these words. Along with that, punctuation and half letters are quite common in Newari Language as well. Small changes in Punctuations and half letters can change the meaning of each word or even make the word invalid.
For example, one of the most common Newari words is Jojolapa (जोजोलाप्पा). Now, this is often written as Jojolappa (जोजोलाप्पा) because this word sounds like it is pronounced this way. However, that is a completely wrong way to write it and the addition of one-half letter makes this word invalid in Newari Language. Another example is the word Makasi. It means the ear-ring that an elder wears. It should be written as माक: सिं and pronounced as Maa- kaa- Si – n / मा – क – अ – सी – न् with a nasal sound attached to the सी. If not, this word too becomes invalid.
We needed to clear this thing out before we move on to talk about names as a lot of names don’t make sense if punctuation or a half-letter is misplaced. Along with that, there are a lot of names that sound similar to words of other languages but are Newari Typical ones. So in order to avoid this, we have made a list of __Newari Names for Girls with their pronunciation and meanings.
Lists of 31 Newari Names for Girls
1. Shimaa (शिमा:): Pronounced as: Shi – maa/ शी माआ
This is a Newari name that means Tree. Although it sounds similar to the Nepali word Simana meaning Border, it has no relation to this one and is a typical Newari word that has been used to name Girls for a long time.
2. Lumanti (लुमन्ती): Pronounced as: Lu- man – ti/ लु – मन् – ति
Considered one of the common and beautiful names in the Newari language, this name means memory.
3. Luniva (लूनिभा): Pronounced as: loo – ni- bha/ लू – नि – भा
This name is a counterpart to another name on this list “loojah” as both of these names mean Golden Sun. The name is made out of two words “Luu” meaning Gold and Niva meaning Sun rays.
4. Hisila (हिसिला): Pronounced as: hi – shi- la/ हि – सि – ला
One of the most popular names, the meaning of this name is “Someone who is pretty”. This popular name is cute to pronounce and has a beautiful meaning.
5. Lasata (लसता): Pronounced as: la- sa- taa/ल – स – ता
This name means Happiness. It is one of those names that has existed from olden times and is still popular till this day.
6. Bhintuna (भिन्तुना): Pronounced as: bhi – n – tu – naa / भी – न् – तु – ना
This is one of the most popular names on this list as it means “Good Wishes”. If anyone has this name, each time they get called, they also get wished good luck.
7. Timila (तिमिला):Pronounced as: T – me – laa / ति – मि – ला)
Timila is another one among the most popular Newari Names for Girls. This word is the short form of the phrase Tuyu Mila/तुयु मिला which means White Sky. When this phrase is shortened, it means the Moon.
8. Loojala (लूजाला): Pronounced as: Loo – Ja – laa / लू – ज – ला
This name is literally the Female form of Joojha. Loojha means Golden Sun in Newari Language and it is a name used by males. Loojala means the same but is meant to be used by females. Alternatively, you can use Luniva as a synonym for this name.
9. Matina (मतिना): Pronounced as:ma – t – naa/ म – ति – ना
Being one of the most used words in Newari songs, this name is one of the most popular as well. This lovely name means Love.
10. Subistaa (सुबिस्ता): Pronounced as: su – b- s- taa/ सु – बि – स् – ता
This is a rare name to come across even among Newars. The name means Peaceful and the name sounds really cool and has a good meaning. Due to this name being rarely in use, this is a good one to name your future daughter as not only is it rare but also sounds unique as well.
11. Situ (सितु): Pronounced as: si – tuu / सि – तु
Situ means Holy Grass in Newari Culture. Although this name is simple to pronounce and has a good, even spiritual meaning, it is rarely used as well. So just like Subista, this one is a good choice to name your future daughter if you want some unique names.
12. Silu (सिलु): Pronounced as: see – loo / सि – लु
This name is historical as well as a rare one. This is the Newari name for Gosaikunda. If you did not know, Gosaikunda is a place that is both religiously significant for Newari people. There is a Movie based on this palace as well with the same name.
13. Neeti (नीति): Pronounced as: nii – T/ नी – ति
Although a name is not that common in Newari Language, the name is slowly gaining in popularity. This name means Intention or a Plan.
14. Junu (जुनु): Pronounced as: joo – nuu / जु – नु
This name means “someone related to the moon” and is one of the oldest names used among the Newari community. This name is one of the evergreen names for Females in the Newari Community as some version of this name has existed since olden times for example Junu Maya.
15. Kriti (कृति): Pronounced as: kri – T / क् – रि – ति
This name means Creation and this is one of those words that are shared between both the Newari and Nepali Language. This is a popular name and the use of this name has grown in the past few generations.
16. Rajamati (राजमती): Pronounced as: raa -ja- ma -T/ रा – ज – म – ती
This is one of the most popular names if not the popular name in the Newari language. Having a hit movie with the same name means “Daughter of a king” or a “Princess”. While this name is not used much since the release of the movie it is a rather good name with a good meaning.
17. Luswaa (लुंस्वाँ:): Pronounced as: lu – n – swa – n / लु – न् – स् – वा – न्
This is one of the names that are hard to pronounce for those who are not fluent in the Newari Language due to the punctuations. Once you get over the issue of pronunciation though, it is a really good name as it means “Golden Flower”
18. Reshu (रेशु): Pronounced as: rae – shu/ रे – शु
This is a name that has its origin in the Nepali Language but has been integrated into the Newari language as well. The literal meaning of this name is silky or someone who is a fragile as silk but when this word is turned into the name, it means “A delicate person”
19. Lisah (लिस:): Pronounced as: li – sa- a/ लि – स – अ
Although this name sounds similar to the English name “Lisa” it is in fact a typical Newari Name. This name means Reply or Answer and is used as an opposite Nhyasa (न्ह्यस:) meaning Question. This name is perfect if you want your daughter’s name to sound foreign while sticking close to your culture and heritage
20. Yachu (यच्चु): Pronounced as: ya – ch- chu / य – च् – चु
One of the purest names in the Newari language, this name means Clean or pure. This is one of the rare names in the Newari Language however names starting with the letter “Y” are less used in general. This name sounds cool and has a great meaning as well.
21. Khusi (खुसि): Pronounced as: khu – see/ खु – सि
Although this name sounds like and is written as the Nepali word Khushi meaning “happiness” it is not the same. It means River in Newari Language. This is one of those names that sounds like a name from a different language similar to Lisah.
22. Sichu(सिचु): Pronounced as: shi – ch- chu / सि – च् – चु
This name means Cool in the Newari language and is one of those names that is widely used but still popular. Newari people use this word quite often but regardless of how much it is used.
23. Nheela (नील:): Pronounced as: nh – ii – la -a / न्- हि – ला
This name means Smile and it is a sweet-sounding name as well. It is however rarely used name. It is indeed a bit hard to pronounce but this just makes this name more unique and appealing.
24. Tisa/ Teesa (तिसा): Pronounced as: T – saa / ति – सा
This name means Jewellery. This word is used a lot during the season of marriage and other traditional festivals. However, once this season passes, this word is used rarely.
25. Yajju (यज्जु ): Pronunced as: ya – j – ju / य – ज् – जु
This name means Darling or Someone who is close to your heart. Yajju is a word that is used a lot in songs however it is not that common of a name as although people know this word. This is one of those typical words that sounds good and has a good meaning.
26. Kipaa (किपा): Pronounced as: ki – paa/ कि – पा
The core meaning of this name is a shadow or an image. However this word has another meaning “Picture“. When used in real life, the context of the sentence determines what this word means, shadow, image or a picture.
27. Sankipa (संकिपा): Pronounced as: sa- n – ki – paa/ स – न् – कि – पा
This is a term that is a rather recent one. This name is a short form of “sana chowngu Kipa (सना चोव्न्गु किपा:)” which means “A picture or a shadow that moves”. When this term is shortened into Sankipa, it means “movie”.
28. Pilpasa (पिलाप्सा): Pronounced as: pee – la- p – saa / – पी – ल – प् – सा
This name is the counterpart of the Male Newari name Milal and vice versa. Both of these names mean Lightning. Similar to the Male Name Milmal, this name is rarely in use because of the fear of lightning that older generations have.
29. Dabali (डबली): Pronounced as: da – ba – li /द – ब – ली
Although this name sounds masculine, it is a name for females. This name means Stage or somewhere where the different people perform. The short version of this word is Daboo which is used more than Dabali.
30. Subhae (सुभ्या): Pronounced as: Su – bh – ya- ae /सु – भ् -य् -ए
This name means “Thank you” in Newari Language. You can hear this word often if you have across any Newari Language as it is widely used and is one of the most necessary parts of a Newari Greeting.
31. Nepa (नेपा:): Pronounced as: Ne – Pa/ ने – पा – आ
This name means Nepal. It has been used for a long time and is one of the few well-known historical names Newari Language. This name is also shared by the Newari Movie Silu from 1987.
note* When a letter ends with “:” In the Newari language, you have to pronounce that letter a bit longer.
Now at the end of this article, you may have already found a name that confused you as well as a name that you loved. This is a natural response as some of the names do sound really good and have really good meanings while being hard to pronounce and write.
This is common trouble that a lot of us face as Newari Language is one of the hardest languages to write with all of the minute punctuation marks and half letters involved. Regardless we hope that you liked this article and as always if you have any suggestions for us, do leave them down below in the comments. Along with that let us know what type of article do you want as well.
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The Center for Climate and Life is accelerating discovery, multiplying our investments, and ensuring that our work informs actionable solutions. Read the report to learn more about our recent progress.
It’s said there’s a learning opportunity in every crisis. COVID-19 has taught us the value of quality science in making rational, informed decisions.
The world is already experiencing the similarly disruptive impacts of climate change. That’s why we at the Center for Climate and Life advance climate research to help society understand and prepare for these changes.
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Rita Gunther McGrath’s post this week on the HBR Blog called Management’s Three Eras: A Brief History has a lesson for those of us designing business process technology. The parallel between management and process technology might be stronger than we normally admit.
According to McGrath, management didn’t really exist before the industrial revolution, at which time it came in to being to coordinate these larger organizations. The organization was conceptualized as a machine to produce products. The epitome of this thinking is captured by FW Taylor and others who preached scientific management.
Early process technology was similarly oriented around viewing the organization as a machine. Workflow, and later business process management (BPM), was all about finding the one best process, and constructing machinery that help to enforce those best processes.
The second phase of management emerged in the decades after WWII when organizations started to focus on expertise and to provide services. Peter Drucker invented the term “knowledge work” and Douglas McGregor called Theory Y a management style distinguished from the earlier Theorey X. Command and control does not work, and a new contract with workers is needed to retain their talent and expertise.
There is a second phase in process technology as well, with the dramatic rise in interest in Case Management technologies recently to support knowledge workers, to allow them to leverage their expertise, and to enable far more agile organizations necessary to provide services.
McGrath proposes that we are at the dawn of a third era in management. The first era was machine-like to produce products, the second collaborative to provide advanced services, the third will be to create “complete and meaningful experiences.” She says this is a new era of empathy. A pull organization would be empathetic in the sense that customer desires rather directly drive the working of the organization. This might be the management style that Margaret Wheatley, Myron Kellner-Rogers, Fritjof Kapra, and other new path writers are hinting at.
We should brace ourselves for a similar emergence of technology that will enhance and improve our ability to work together in this more empathetic style. A hyper-social organization might be the organizing principle. What will that new process technology look like? I don’t know, but we have some time to sort that out.
Management I emerged in the 1800’s to 1950, while that early process technology appeared in the 1980’s and 1990’s. Management II emerged in the 1950’s and 1960’s and the process technology started appearing in a real way around 2010. If Management III is appearing now, perhaps we have until 2020 to get to the point where the technology to support it is being worked out. That leaves us plenty of time to work out the details.
Or maybe not. What if Management III is emerging concomitant with social and enterprise 2.0 technology we see starting to be used today? What if Management I was originally tied inherently with the rise of use of steam and electric power, while Management II inherently came with technology of telephones and telefaxes? If Management III is tied directly to new social technologies, it might be that by the time it fully emerges, the technology base will be set. We see the technology support for management I & II as separate because the information technology came later, but that is not the case for management III. It might be happening now.
Surely in the future, when we look back on these times, we will recognize the early attempts at systems that support an empathy style of management starting here and now. We need only look for it, and recognizes it for what it is.
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Thursday, August 6, 2009
The Perfect Summer's Day
Hello, my name is Alice and I work with the All- Access Boston Harbor Program. Yesterday, we were able to take kids from all around Boston to Spectacle Island for the day. Arriving in a fashionable manner via the water taxi was the Nazarro Center. It was great that they were able to arrive by the taxi. Not only was it efficient, but it was also exciting for the kids! After they unloaded at the Bank of America Pavilion, they were greeted by a large lobster in a touch tank! As other groups arrived, the murals began to get colored in and the lobster tank was beginning to draw a crowd. Even the older kids (14-16 year olds) were coloring in the murals. Soon it became a Save the Harbor/Save the Bay masterpiece. The temperature began to rise as we boarded the boat to Spectacle Island. When we got there, we ate lunch and then hiked to the top of the hill, explaining the history of the island as we winded up the drumlin. At the top, there was a nice breeze for the kites and a cooler full of ice cold water for drinking!
After flying kites and playing field games, we trekked back down to the bottom and cooled off by jumping in the water. The temperature topped 89 degrease that day, but the water was the best place to be. On the ride home, the kids from Idiil Learning Center taught us how to do origami and one of the kids made me something very special! I received my very first white origami swan. It doesn't get much better than that!
Until next time,
at 5:06 PM
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Did you know that 20% of adults under 30 use CBD products? Or that nearly one in five adults over 50 have used CBD products?
That might be because CBD has so many uses and comes in so many forms. CBD comes in the form of gummies, flower form, tincture drops, edible cookies or treats, and syrup.
Those are just the basic ways it has become available. Its popularity has grown as marijuana legalization continues to spread, making it available in more and more creative forms.
This all begs the question, does CBD contribute to a balanced lifestyle?
CBD has many uses and many people seek it out for health-related reasons.
At Impact Sports we know the value of good health. Our team was made with diversity in mind. We work with everyone from professional sportsmen to people new to fitness and everyone in between.
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CBD, or cannabidiol, is a chemical in the cannabis Sativa plant. The cannabis Sativa plant is known to have over 80 chemicals, or cannabinoids, within in.
Specifically, CBD comes from hemp, which is a form of the cannabis Sativa plant and only contains a small trace amount of THC, the psychoactive component of marijuana plants.
One big reason why so many people seek out the benefits of CBD is its non-psychoactive effect after taking it. You can take CBD and go about your day as normal. It will not affect how you work, drive a car, socialise, or operate machinery.
Unlike regular marijuana, you can take CBD in pretty much any situation and will not affect your personality, motor skills, or ability to make decisions because it is non-psychoactive.
On a personal and emotional level, CBD can help with relaxation. It can help reduce stress, help treat depression, insomnia, and help treat a lack of appetite.
CBD can also be taken in more ways than one. CBD comes in the form of edibles, topicals, oils, and herbal flower that can be smoked, and more. These days you can find CBD in everything from beauty products to food products.
What Makes a Healthy Lifestyle?
There are many factors and angles to consider when it comes to your health.
According to Medical News Today, to be healthy means to be in a state of physical and social well-being. There is also financial, emotional, and spiritual health to consider. That’s much more than just making sure you’re body is functioning properly.
All these types of health are connected and affect each other.
For example, someone who is spiritually healthy may have an easier time managing other health issues. Someone who is financially healthy will be able to afford healthier groceries that support them in being physically healthy.
A healthy lifestyle is important for living a full life with meaning, purpose, and direction. So what are the factors that go into a healthy lifestyle?
Physical health is the proper functioning and operation of your body and all its parts. Getting exercise, good sleep, and eating healthy all contribute to good physical health.
Financial health is having financial security, financial freedom, and a responsible sense of spending, saving, loaning, and borrowing.
Emotional health is being aware of and knowing how to handle both positive and negative feelings.
Spiritual health is the result of searching for a deeper meaning in life. Being spiritually healthy means connecting to the world at large so you can understand and define your own morals, beliefs, and ethics.
Let’s look at how CBD can affect some of these areas.
CBD and Overall Health
Healthy lifestyle tips should start with your overall well-being health.
Your overall health affects how you think, feel, and act. In this day and age, it can sometimes be hard to find the time to upkeep your overall health.
Things like work, family, friends, and significant others take up much of our time and there aren’t always enough hours in the day. No matter what though, it’s imperative to prioritize your overall health.
In particular, CBD oil benefits can help maintain your general health. For instance, if you have trouble sleeping, taking CBD may help you get to bed easier than other methods.
At Impact Sports we make the best CBD oil available for our customers. Our CBD oil effects have proven beneficial based on personal use and reviews alone.
Our oil comes in several forms for you to choose from. We offer it as an oral spray, a regular oil, and in a soft gel capsule form.
It’s a fact that not getting enough sleep can alter your entire day, especially your productivity and behaviour at work. Sleep affects every part of the body, including your brain.
Not getting enough sleep can lead to feeling emotionally burned out, your brain can feel overworked, and you may be slow to react to everything in general. Not to mention it may make you feel cranky or moody, which is the last thing anyone wants at work.
Experiencing chronic poor sleeping patterns can lead to less productivity. It can become a vicious cycle of not getting enough sleep and in turn not performing well at your job or even showing up in your social life.
You can try coming up with a habitual bedtime routine to ensure you’re getting enough sleep every night. You can try incorporating CBD oil into that routine.
CBD and Skin Care
Physically, CBD may be able to help you with your workouts. As mentioned above, it can also positively affect your mentality, which can directly affect your willingness to partake in healthy habits like exercise.
If you are regularly physically active or just getting started with a fitness routine, CBD can be used once you’re done with your workout.
CBD can help maintain pain or soreness from a gruelling workout. It may maintain lingering pain and tightness around your joints as well.
When it comes to maintaining sore or tight muscles it may be more effective to try using a CBD topical formula. These are usually lotions, balms, or ointments that are only meant to be applied to the surface of your skin.
At Impact Sports we offer several topicals for all your recovery needs. We believe in partaking in a healthy lifestyle full of sports, fun, and exercise. So we give our customers the products to help them continue experiencing it all with the support of our products.
There are also plenty of benefits that your skin can reap from CBD. Did you know that CBD is full of antioxidants? Antioxidants help contribute to your overall physical well-being.
CBD can also have anti-sebum properties. Sebum is an oily substance that your body naturally produces and sebaceous glands are located all over your body, but especially on your face and scalp.
A normal amount of sebum helps keep your body naturally moisturized, but too much sebum can wreak havoc on your skin. It can make you too oily and lead to skin issues like acne.
CBD topicals can help condition your skin and rehydrate dry, dehydrated skin. It may also be effective in managing redness on your skin. Overall, CBD may give skin a healthier look and feel and boost elasticity.
CBD and Staying Positive
Many people have issues handling different social situations. Social interaction is imperative for living a healthy life. Social skills allow us to create and build healthy relationships and add to the overall happiness in our lives.
Not everyone can jump into a social setting and be at ease with the situation. Some people have a hard time communicating or feeling comfortable enough to approach people or partake in conversation.
Being uncomfortable in social settings can also include the fear of being judged, of being embarrassed, and the fear of either accidentally offending someone or being offended.
These fears can all affect how we approach social settings and may stop us from being friendly. It may lead to overthinking, being anti-social, and developing negative feelings that are associated with social situations.
In this respect, CBD can help maintain that inner turmoil and tension when it comes to socialising.
It can maintain your feelings about being in uncomfortable social settings, meeting new people, giving speeches in front of a crowd, and performing in front of crowds.
If you sometimes stress about work situations it can also be used when running a meeting or presentation, getting through a meeting with your boss or clients, easing into a new job, and socializing with co-workers for the first time.
If you work in customer service it may also be used through difficult or complicated customer interactions. When you’re relaxed and open you may have higher levels of patience and understanding.
If you’re nervous about asking for a raise or mingling in the office break room, CBD is an ideal aid in getting through the day. Especially because it is non-psychoactive and won’t affect you the way THC would.
This makes CBD one of the most suitable ways to maintain positive feelings while still being yourself.
Breaking Down The Stigma Around CBD
By now you may be feeling like CBD is something you would like to try incorporating into your lifestyle. The good news is that CBD is readily available in most places and even available to buy online if you can’t find it in a shop.
This was not always the case though. There was, and sometimes still is, a stigma surrounding CBD because of its association with regular THC, the psychoactive component of marijuana.
Part of being healthy is knowing what you’re putting in your body and doing research about what goes into your body. Just like you would look at the label on a food product to see what ingredients it contains, you will want to know all about CBD before trying it.
First, it’s important to acknowledge the stigma around CBD use. Next, it’s even more important to understand why the stigma is baseless and why it shouldn’t keep you from trying CBD to better your life.
One of the most popular beliefs is that CBD may cause you to feel lazy or become unproductive. This is because of its association with THC marijuana, which can cause drowsiness and sleepiness in some people. CBD will not have that effect.
You may also wonder how closely regulated CBD is, if at all. The FDA does not currently regulate safety measures surrounding CBD, but the good news is that you cannot “overdose” on CBD or experience something equally scary to that.
As with anything you put in your body, as long as you are buying your products from reputable sources you should be safe.
If your friends or family express concern about you taking CBD it’s worth it to sit down, hear their concerns, and address their concerns with facts. After all, nothing is healthier than open communication.
Does CBD Support a Healthy Lifestyle?
You have read all about the benefits to be reaped from using CBD now. After all that, we can deduce that, yes, CBD can indeed support you while you work towards living your best life by keeping fresh and active.
CBD can, in fact, contribute to a healthy lifestyle. You now know how CBD can positively affect every part of your health.
We here at Impact Sports speak from personal experience but don’t just take our word for it. Try our CBD products for yourself or order a gift for a loved one to try today!
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Framed by the Taebaek and Sobaek Mountains, Gyeongsangbuk-do is a sprawling province on Korea’s south-east coast. It served as the heart of the former Silla Kingdom and displays its rich culture through ancient temple sites, open-air museums and fine artefact collections.
Things to do in Gyeongsangbuk-do
Spend a day exploring the Heritage-listed Bulguksa Temple, which was built in 528 AD during the Silla Kingdom. It’s renowned for the artistic beauty of its architecture and stone relics, with the Dabotap Pagoda, Lotus Bridge and Seven Treasures Bridge particularly noteworthy.
While Kim Dae-Seong built Bulguksa Temple for his parents in the current life, it’s believed he built the nearby Seokguram Grotto for the parents of his former life. Admire its granite-built stone temple that perches on Tohamsan Mountain, together with the round Main Hall dominated by a Bonjon statue of Bodhisattva and his disciples.
Want to discover the history and culture of the Silla Period in an entertaining environment? Visit the replica village of the Shilla Millennium Park where characteristic architecture and traditional crafts are showcased. It’s a popular filming location for Korean dramas, with scenes from “Queen Seondeok” and “Boys Over Flowers” shot here.
Delve into the history of the former Silla Kingdom capital at the Gyeongju National Museum where ancient earthenware, handicrafts and artworks are on display. Artefacts from Gyeongju’s great tombs are also exhibited, including golden crowns, royal jewellery and ornaments, together with typical household items detailing life in the Royal Court.
Getting around Gyeongsangbuk-do
Daegu International Airport lies around 45 minutes’ drive from Gyeongju and is connected by regular trains. Buses connect to towns and cities across Gyeongsangbuk-do and travel to many of the province’s attractions.
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Brochure Discusses OTC Safety
The Consumer Health EducationCenter's (CHEC's) educational campaign,the Doctor in the House, recognizeswomen as the health care decisionmakers (71% of US households)and main buyers of OTC medications(73%). Launched by the ConsumerHealthcare Products Association, CHEC'sresearch found that patients can benefitfrom a better understanding of OTCsafety, specifically the important informationon Drug Facts labels regardingside effects, active ingredients, anddrug interactions.
The Doctor in the House campaignincludes an educational brochure Over-the-Counter Medicines: Keeping You andYour Family Healthy. The pamphletincludes information on how to readthe OTC Drug Facts medicine label,tips for administering medicines tochildren, and the importance of talkingwith pharmacists and other healthcare professionals about OTC medications.For more information, visitwww.CHECforbetterhealth.org.
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Immortalized As 'The Woman In Gold,' How A Young Jew Became A Secular Icon Gustav Klimt's 1907 portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer was seized by the Nazis. A film now tells the story of Adele's niece. Woman In Gold Diamond Painting Artwork Kit - 35.8 x 26.4 in. 'Woman In Gold' by Austrian painter Gustav Klimt dazzles the eye and captivates the mind. Its original was brought to life between 1903 and 1907 and was a portrait commissioned by Ferdinand Bloch-Bauer of his wife, Adele. Klimt used a variety of paints and other materials—including oils,.
'Woman in Gold' - Nazis, art and justice Up against the system The film centers on the protagonist Maria Altmann (Helen Mirren), a Jewish refugee who fled the Nazis and settled in the US Die Frau in Gold (Originaltitel: Woman in Gold) ist ein US-amerikanisches Filmdrama von Simon Curtis mit Helen Mirren in der Hauptrolle. Der Film wurde unter anderem in Wien, Los Angeles, Beverly Hills und London gedreht. Er hatte seine Premiere am 9. Februar 2015 bei den Internationalen Filmfestspielen Berlin 2015. Im Vereinigten Königreich und den Vereinigten Staaten lief der Film am 10 Klimt's Woman in Gold Worth a Visit. Feb 2020. Recently visited the Neue Galerie for the first on a Saturday afternoon in February. It is conveniently located across the street from the Metropolitan Museum. Unfortunantly their third floor gallery was closed so only one gallery was open, and they only charged a suggested donation.Thankfully we. May 16, 2017 - Behind this portrait lies a great crime. Gustav Klimt, the brilliant painter of fin-de-siecle Vienna, was the confidante, and sometimes lover, of his models. This is the untold story of these remarkable women. . See more ideas about gustav klimt, klimt, gustav
Die Frau in Gold. Eine Ausstellung in New York thematisiert ein Porträt, welches Gustav Klimt 1907 von Adele Bloch-Bauer fertigstellte. Das Gemälde ist zum Superlativ geworden. Nicht nur wegen. The upper floor of the museum is dedicated to fine and decorative art, including paintings by Klimt, Egon Schiele (protégé of Gustav Klimt) and Oskar Kokoschka CBE. Since 2006, the museum has been home to Klimt's famous Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer: The Woman in Gold (1907), considered to be one of the artist's greatest paintings from.
Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I (also called The Lady in Gold or The Woman in Gold) is a 1907 painting by Gustav Klimt. The first of two portraits Klimt painted of Bloch-Bauer, it has been referred to as the final and most fully representative work of his golden phase. Adele Bloch-Bauer (1881-1925) was a wealthy member of Viennese society and a patron and close friend of Gustav Klimt Like many of his later pieces, this painting features a portrait of a woman (in this case, it is Judith, a biblical figure famous for slaying Holofernes, an invader) surrounded by decorative designs and set against a gold background. Similarly, Klimt also depicts the female figure with erotic undertones—an approach that would become intrinsic. Gustav Klimt (July 14, 1862 - February 6, 1918) Gustav Klimt (July 14, 1862 - February 6, 1918) was an Austrian Symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Art Nouveau (Vienna Secession) movement.His major works include paintings, murals, sketches, and other art objects, many of which are on display in the Vienna Secession gallery Maria Altmann's aunt, and the subject of The Woman in Gold painting. Gustav Klimt. Austrian symbolist painter commissioned to paint two portraits of Adele Bloch-Bauer. Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer. Purchased the Klimt paining for $135 million. This was the highest purchase for a painting at the time. Neue Galerie in Manhattan Similarly, it is asked, when did Fritz Altmann die? April 5, 1994 . Subsequently, question is, what happened to the woman in gold painting? As legend has it, Gustav Klimt's Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer (1907), the dazzling gold Secessionist-era painting, was stolen by the Nazis in Austria in the late 1930s and eventually returned to the heirs of the original owner after a lengthy court battle
Illusions Gallery Woman in Gold - Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer, Gustav Klimt, 12X12 Image Size, Framed Canvas 4.2 out of 5 stars 8 Hand Crank Music Box Art & Music: Plays Humperdinck Free as The Wind Gustav Klimt Woman In Gold Earrings Double Side Image on Recycled Wood Pendant with Sterling French Wire Adele Bloch Bauer LizaandLulus. 5 out of 5 stars (195) $ 17.00 FREE shipping Favorite Add to Woman with Fan (or Lady with Fan) by Gustav Klimt - Canvas Wall Art Wall26Store. 5 out of 5. The third section places the gaze on Adele Bloch-Bauer. (You may recall the 2006 movie The Woman in Gold, starring Helen Mirren, which takes the point-of-view of Maria Altmann who reclaims the painting of her aunt from the Austrian establishment.) In one poem, Petrovic expresses the essence of Adele and Klimt as a Wittgenstein riddle A(z) FLATYZ lapos kellemesebbé teszi a napjaidat vagy az estéidet, ha a parfümmentes gyertyákat részesíted előnyben. A(z) FLATYZ Klimt Adele Woman in Gold 80 g égési ideje akár 4 óra. A(z) FLATYZ Klimt Adele Woman in Gold 80 g gyertya legfontosabb előnyei A gyertya nem tartalmaz parfümöt Kategór
Jewish philanthropist Ronald Lauder bought the Woman in Gold portrait for $135 million to display at his museum, the Neue Galerie in New York. The other Klimt paintings sold for another $192 million Woman in Gold. (6,687) IMDb 7.3 1 h 48 min 2016 X-Ray PG-13. Sixty years after fleeing Vienna, an elderly Jewish woman (Helen Mirren) attempts to reclaim family possessions that were seized by the Nazis, including a famous portrait of her beloved aunt, painted by Gustave Klimt Buy the best and latest klimt woman in gold on banggood.com offer the quality klimt woman in gold on sale with worldwide free shipping. | Shoppin Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I by Gustav Klimt, 1907. Photograph: HO/AFP/Getty Images. Woman in Gold is released in cinemas next month, but at its premiere in Berlin the Austrian reviewers were.
Collegamenti esterni. EN) Woman in Gold, su Enciclopedia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (EN) Woman in Gold, su Internet Movie Database, IMDb.com.(EN) Woman in Gold, su AllMovie, All Media Network.(EN) Woman in Gold, su Rotten Tomatoes, Flixster Inc.(EN, ES) Woman in Gold, su FilmAffinity.(EN) Woman in Gold, su Metacritic, CBS Interactive Inc Of particular note is a painting of Altmann's aunt, Adele Bloch-Bauer, now known in Austria as the Woman in Gold. Altmann enlists the help of Randol Schoenberg, the grandson of her close friends, but a lawyer with little experience, to make a claim to the art restitution board in Austria Woman in Gold - The Famous Klimt Painting's Fantastic Journey Posted by Anthony Ventre on 12.25.15 At the burial ground of her sister, Maria Altmann , played by the legendary Helen Mirren, confides to a friend that she needs a lawyer to look into some legal issues pending with regard to her sister's estate
Woman in gold was onlangs op Canvas en film die te maken hebben met WOII hebben me steeds geboeid. Ik wist niet goed wat te verwachten. Tijdens de oorlog zouden de nazi's een (vandaag de dag) onschatbaar schilderij van de familie Altmann hebben ontvreemd. Later kwam het schilderij terecht in het Weense museum Belvedere While Klimt was known for his womanizing ways, Emilie was the one woman who was always by his side when it come to companionship and design - she even designed gowns depicted in his paintings. In 1902, Klimt painted a standing portrait of Emilie, who is wearing a beautiful, long and embellished gown in colors of blues, purples, black and gold.
The Woman in Gold is a portrait of Altmann's great aunt, Adele Bloch-Bauer. It was one of five Klimt paintings stolen from the family by the Nazis in World War II. In addition to two portraits of Adele, the Bloch-Bauers also owned three landscape paintings by Klimt Between 1903 and 1907, Klimt painted Adele in a gold-flecked portrait, Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I, which to the Viennese embodied the glamor and beauty of their city and was dubbed the. La dama de oro (título original: Woman in Gold) es una película dramática británica del año 2015, dirigida por Simon Curtis, con guion de Alexi Kaye Campbell.Está protagonizada por Helen Mirren, Ryan Reynolds, Daniel Brühl, Katie Holmes, Tatiana Maslany, Max Irons, Charles Dance, Elizabeth McGovern y Jonathan Pryc Gustav Klimt: Gold-laced Femininity And Erotic Surrealism. (4 min read) Gustav Klimt, (born July 14th, 1862) was a famous Austrian symbolist and expressionist painter. Famed for his world-renowned golden era painting; The Kiss. His demure, often erotic and surreal paintings moved boldly away from traditional styles, and passionately into. Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I, Gustav Klimt, 1907.Public Domain. The Woman in Gold, the full-length portrait of a young and elegant Adele Bloch-Bauer, shimmers in the afternoon sunlight.I stand.
The first and most famous of the two that later became known as Woman in Gold took Klimt three long, painstaking years to complete. It was finally finished in 1907. 4. Adele Bloch-Bauer's. Wie Gustav Klimts Frau in Gold nach Hause fand. Es ist eine abenteuerliche Geschichte, die ein in der Nazi-Zeit gestohlenes Gemälde von Gustav Klimt schließlich wieder in rechtmäßige. 5. The artist and the work are legal tender. In 2003, the Austrian Mint issued a 14-gram, 100-Euro gold coin showing Gustav Klimt's head and on the flip side, an etching of The Kiss. 6. The Kiss is the final painting of Klimt's Gold Period, during which he incorporated gold leaf into his works
Gustav Klimt. as the artist who painted The Kiss, that 1907 masterpiece in which two figures melt into each other in a hungry embrace. He binds their bodies together in the same cloth: a shimmering gold tapestry whose pattern references both intimacy and anatomy. The side covering the man is decorated with erect rectangles, while the woman's. Woman in Gold. 2015 | 13+ | 1h 49m | Dramas. Six decades after the Holocaust, Maria Altmann embarks on a quest to reclaim her family's Nazi-stolen artwork, including a famed Gustav Klimt piece. Starring: Helen Mirren, Ryan Reynolds, Katie Holmes
The Neue Galerie's new exhibit Gustav Klimt and Adele Bloch-Bauer: The Woman in Gold, opening April 2, tells the story of one of Klimt's most famous works, a portrait of Bloch-Bauer Woman in Gold by By Kilian is a Chypre Floral fragrance for women.Woman in Gold was launched in 2017. The nose behind this fragrance is Calice Becker. Top notes are Bergamot, Mandarin Orange and Aldehydes; middle notes are Vanilla Absolute, Rose, Geranium and Freesia; base notes are Vanilla, Akigalawood, Tonka Bean and Patchouli
A CURATED COLLECTION FROM NEUE GALERIE NEW YORK The For the Woman in Gold collection includes one each of the following, gift wrapped with care and beautifully presented:. ADELE'S KISS With his seductive portraits of society women, Gustav Klimt defined the allure of fin-de-siècle Vienna . The luxuriant works adorned with gold leaf produced in the 'Golden Phase' of his career include his famous 1908 painting 'The Kiss'. Our collection of Klimt prints brings together his best-loved works Woman in Gold is more than a moving feature film based on a true story, starring a legend like Helen Mirren. It also conveys an important historical message about Austria's complicity in the. Kit this Quilt. Dimensions: 67 x 85. Yardages listed are for ordering purposes only. Please do not cut for kits without consulting the appropriate pattern. This project uses fabrics from: Gustav Klimt. View fabrics for The Woman in Gold with yardage pre-selected for 1 kits: 0.67 yards / 1 bolt / 1 kit. In your cart Woman in Gold is about Schoenberg's taking on a seemingly hopeless case for a family friend, Maria Altmann, who was trying to recover five prized paintings by Gustav Klimt that Nazi.
Woman in Gold (klimt) - Ritratto di Adele Bloch-Bauer I. Lo sapevi che? Il Ritratto di Adele Bloch-Bauer è un dipinto a olio su tela di Gustav Klimt realizzato nel 1907. Primo di due dipinti omonimi, esso viene citato come l'ultimo nonché il più rappresentativo del suo «periodo dorato». Area Disegno: cm 67 x 91 Tessuto: cm 75 x 99. The Auditorium of the Old Burgtheater (1888-89) This was an important commission for Klimt's early career: the Vienna city council asked Klimt and his partner Franz Matsch to paint images of the old Burgtheater, the city's opera house - built in 1741 and slated for demolition after its replacement was finished in 1888 - as a record of the theater's existence
Klimt's biographer, Frank Whitford, has described the picture as the most elaborate example of the tyranny of the decorative in the artist's work. The use of gold and silver leaf underscores the precious nature of the jewels Bloch-Bauer is wearing, as well as the depths of the love for her felt by Ferdinand, who commissioned the painting Woman in Gold, diretto da Simon Curtis, è uscito giovedì 15 ottobre nelle sale italiane.Il film si basa su una storia vera, quella di Maria Altmann, una donna austriaca perseguitata durante il regime nazista a causa delle sue origine ebraiche, ma sopravvissuta all'Olocausto grazie alla fuga verso gli Stati Uniti con il marito.Nel film, Maria - interpretata da Helen Mirren - vive nella.
Gustav Klimt woman in gold Framed vintage Canvas painting art print 24 x 24 AU $94.99. 0 bids. Free postage. Ending Wednesday at 15:19 AEST 1d 5h. Stunning Classic Art ~ Mother and Baby by Gustav Klimt ~ CANVAS PRINT 24x24 AU $37.99. Free postage La femme au tableau est un film réalisé par Simon Curtis avec Helen Mirren, Ryan Reynolds. Synopsis : Lorsqu'il fait la connaissance de Maria Altmann, un jeune avocat de Los Angeles est loin.
Neue Galerie: Klimt's Woman in Gold Worth a Visit - See 1,597 traveler reviews, 321 candid photos, and great deals for New York City, NY, at Tripadvisor Adele Bloch-Bauer I, Klimt (1907) Woman in Gold tratta quindi più temi: oltre a narrare la storia di quella che è considerata la Monna Lisa austriaca, rievoca in modo toccante un delicato momento storico, ovvero la dittatura nazista e la persecuzione degli ebrei. Lo spettatore assiste così a due trame che in più punti si intrecciano: da un lato gli anni Novanta, dove una non più giovane. Woman in Gold - Un film di Simon Curtis. Un film che si limita a lasciarsi guardare e dimenticare, senza trasformare la vera storia in grande epica oppure in piccola e toccante quotidianità. Con Helen Mirren, Ryan Reynolds, Alma Hasun, Charles Dance, Allan Corduner, Frances Fisher. Drammatico, USA, Gran Bretagna, 2015. Durata 110 min. Consigli per la visione +13 Helen Mirren and Ryan Reynolds star in this remarkable true story of one woman's battle for justice. Sixty years after she fled Vienna during World War II, Maria Altmann seeks to retrieve her family possessions seized by the Nazis, among them Klimt's famous painting Portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer I. Together with her inexperienced but plucky young lawyer Randy Schoenberg, she embarks upon a. Woman in Gold is about the court battle between Bloch-Bauer's niece, Maria Altmann, played by Helen Mirren, and the Austrian government for five Klimt paintings confiscated by Nazi troops.
Inspiration: A perfume as complex and dazzling as the woman who wears it. Fragrance story: The notes conjure, in scent, the delicate gold leafing and play between light and shadow, for which the painting is celebrated. Perfumer Calice Becker was inspired by the fascinating contrast between the painting's facets, which she describes as texturized and brilliant, rich and voluptuous.Its. Canale 5 trasmette questa sera in prima serata Woman in gold diretto dal regista inglese Simon Curtis e interpretato dall' attrice premio Oscar Helen Mirren, tratto da una appassionante storia vera.Woman in gold è il titolo falso di un quadro del pittore austriaco Gustav Klimt, che in realtà si chiama Ritratto di Adele Bloch-Bauer I, ovvero una delle muse e mecenate del famosissimo. Klimt was now working in the highly decorative style of the Art Nouveau, with bursts of color and large areas covered in gold. Klimt mostly painted portraits of sensual women but also became famous for his intense landscapes MILANO - Woman in gold è il film del 2015 diretto da Simon Curtis tratto dall'incredibile storia vera del dipinto di Gustav Klimt Ritratto di Adele Bloch-Bauer. Ritratto di Adele Bloch-Bauer (1907) Di cosa parla Woman in gold. Uno dei dipinti più importanti del primo Novecento, Ritratto di Adele Bloch-Bauer di Gustav Klimt è diventato proprietà dello stato austriaco in seguito a. Gustav Klimt's Woman in Gold: Passion and Artistic Revoultion in Vienna - Sylvia Lauden Meo Art Lecture (ONLINE) Thursday, August 26, 2021 2:30 pm 4:00 p
Apr 23, 2016 - Explore Giles Panting's board Woman in Gold on Pinterest. See more ideas about woman in gold, klimt, gustav klimt Woman in Gold. 2015 109 minutes. Drama. 1,160. Add to Wishlist. Academy Award®-winner Helen Mirren and Ryan Reynolds star in this remarkable true story of one woman's battle for justice. Sixty years after she fled Vienna during World War II, Maria Altmann (Mirren) seeks to retrieve her family possessions seized by the Nazis, among them Klimt's. Klimt used a variety of paints and other materials—including oils, gouache, silver and gold—to bring a true opulence to the piece. In 2015 a film—also titled 'Woman In Gold'—was released, detailing the story of how the painting was returned to the original family's possession, after being stolen by the Nazis in 1938 Gustav Klimt Woman in Gold. IN STOCK on Showroom Floor. Please call for pricing: (321) 725-5690. This latest addition to the Bösendorfer Artist Series pianos is decidedly both. Gustav Klimt (1862-1918), one of the most famous artists of Viennese Art Nouveau, and Bösendorfer, one of the most respected names in piano manufacturing. The Story Behind Gustav Klimt's Shimmering Symbolist Painting 'The Kiss'. By Kelly Richman-Abdou on July 16, 2017. The Kiss, 1907-1908. Austrian artist Gustav Klimt is known for his ethereal, pattern-rich portraits. Today, several of these canvases are considered masterpieces, though This Kiss, a particularly exquisite piece, seems to.
Woman in Gold. Drama 2015 1 hr 49 min. View in iTunes. Sixty years after fleeing Vienna, Maria Altmann (Helen Mirren), an elderly Jewish woman, attempts to reclaim family possessions that were seized by the Nazis. Among them is a famous portrait of Maria's beloved Aunt Adele: Gustave Klimt's Portrait of Ade. Shop high-quality unique Woman In Gold Klimt T-Shirts designed and sold by independent artists. Available in a range of colours and styles for men, women, and everyone The 'Woman in Gold' was one of Gustav Klimt's most famous paintings. It was a portrait of Adele Bloch-Bauer, but it was taken from her family by the Nazis and only returned to them after a long. Gustav Klimt may have been celebrated for his gilded portraits of elegant Austrian ladies, but that doesn't necessarily mean the same approach suits Woman in Gold, director Simon Curtis.
Gustav Klimt und Wien um 1900. Gustav Klimt (1862 - 1918) und das Wiener Museum Belvedere sind eng miteinander verbunden. Die Gründung der Modernen Galerie im Jahr 1903 im Unteren Belvedere ging auf die Initiative von Klimt und anderen Künstler_innen zurück. Ziel war es, einen Ort für zeitgenössische österreichische Kunst zu schaffen, um. Unique Woman In Gold Klimt designs on hard and soft cases and covers for iPhone 12, SE, 11, iPhone XS, iPhone X, iPhone 8, & more. Snap, tough, & flex cases created by independent artists Gustav Klimt's Famous Quotes. All art is erotic. - Gustav Klimt. I can paint and draw. I believe this myself and a few other people say that they believe this too. But I'm not certain of whether it's true . - Gustav Klimt. Art is a line around your thoughts. Gustav Klimt. Cotton Quilting Fabric. Contents: 100% cotton. Width: 44'' wide. Weight: 4.3 oz. per square yard. SRKM-18655-191 AUTUMN. SRKM-17178-133 GOLD. SRKM-17179-133 GOLD. SRKM-17180-133 GOLD
Klimt's Beethoven Frieze, painted for the Fourteenth Secession Exhibition in 1902, marked the beginning of a new creative period characterized by the dominance of ornamentation and the increased use of gold leaf: Klimt's Golden Phase, which was to culminate in the painting The Kiss (1907/1908)
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About Deborah Woods: Deborah Woods, National Certified Counselor, has spent more than 15,000 hours playing with kids. With 30+ years of experience, she’s worked with hundreds of kids and their moms, dads, and grandparents. Deborah discovered playful connection makes the biggest positive impact on a child’s life.
Deborah faced overwhelming struggles raising a son with special needs. She discovered that connection and play were the keys to reducing their stress and empowering kids with great people skills.
In this episode, Jennie and Deborah discuss:
- Learning how to play with your kids in a way that helps them express their feelings, relieve their stress.
- How letting your child find their own solutions to challenges empowers them and allows you to step back and enjoy the process.
- Supporting your child in play by allowing them to lead and noticing what they’re doing in a way that doesn’t interfere with their process.
- The power of one-on-one time with a parent, even just once a week for 30 minutes
- Each child is the expert on what they need to express in play.
- Play therapy is much more powerful when done at home with parents who have been trained in play.
- Children who are allowed to make kid-size decisions and enabled to learn on their own terms are more likely to become self-sufficient, confident, empathetic adults.
- It’s not just the children getting the benefits, the parents are also learning skills that help them to relax.
“When you learn the simple concept of a kid-size decision versus a mom size decision, that notion by itself can give you so much peace. There things in your child’s life that it really is okay if they decide, and you don’t have to worry about it.” — Deborah Woods
5 Easy & Proven Steps Struggling Moms Need Now: DeborahWoodsPEACE
Connect with Deborah Woods:
Website: Home: Play Therapy for kids
Facebook (company): facebook.com/deborahwoodsncc
Facebook (personal): Deborah Woods
Instagram: Deborah Woods, Counselor & Mom (@reachingdeb)
LinkedIn: Deborah Woods – National Board-Certified Counselor
Phone: (636) 795-3155
CONNECT WITH JENNIE:
Twitter: Jennie Bellinger (@jenniebpl)
Website: Badass Direct Sales Mastery: Home
Audio production by Turnkey Podcast Productions. You’re the expert. Your podcast will prove it.
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Cross to Via Crusis in the village of Grūžiai
This Cross is an exact copy of the old Cross, which was restored in 1995. Its author is Mr. Linas Joneliūnas. It was carved in a workshop of Grūžiai Basic School. Several families donated money to this reconstruction. The Cross is very high – about 6 meters. It is believed that it is the highest Cross in the Vaškai parish.
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The north extension to the Bavarian Parliament (Bayerischer Landtag) in Munich is a six-storey office building designed by Berlin architects Leon Wohlhage Wernik. The extension features a large office area, assembly room and a spa/fitness area.
The design solution meets Passivhaus Institut (Passive House Institute) requirements for significantly reduced heating energy demand and air infiltration by using a custom-designed building envelope covered by a terracotta rainscreen.
Reducing heat loss through the facade is achieved through a thick insulating layer and high-performing windows. Gaps in the thermal building envelope are also carefully avoided.
The windows are equipped with automatically retractable and turning venetian blinds to optimise daylight and solar gain while reducing glare. Users of the building are also guaranteed a high level of thermal comfort.
Acoustics and visual design
Arup has also achieved a high standard of acoustic quality in the extension. This is a particularly important aspect of the project because of the busy streets surrounding the building.
The client required that the visual design complement the existing structure. The regular pattern created by the narrow windows and the terracotta rainscreen panels suits the classical design of the 1876 Maximilaneum Building – the current seat of the Bavarian Parliament.
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Cell culture is the removal of a cell from certain organisms so cells can be cultivated in an artificial environment. It is an essential tool in cellular and molecular biology that helps in understanding the aging process of the cells, their reaction to drugs and toxic compounds, and cell mutation— including the transformation of healthy cells into cancer cells. It is also significant in producing vaccines and therapeutic proteins.
In the field of science and research, cell culture has opened new possibilities and discoveries. Its esteemed importance is a product of its complex process but there are risks that come along with it. Human and animal cell subjects are to be handled with utmost caution as they may contain viruses or mutagenic reagents that constitute risks to other samples and the researchers. Safe practices in a cell culture laboratory need to be carried out. Below are the DOs and DON'Ts when handling cell culture:
Apart from knowing the DOs and DON’Ts of cell culture operations, choosing the right and long-lasting equipment to accompany you in your processes is also critical. Having the right tools can help you boost your productivity and improve your A-game. Esco Lifesciences offers a wide variety of products to equip your laboratory. From CO2 Incubators, Biological Safety Cabinets, Laminar Flow Cabinets, and up to Bioreactors.
Watch the video for more information.
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Controversial Issue #4:
INTERVIEWING BREEDERS: LET THE BUYER BEWARE!
Scarbrough Fair Great Danes
It is very important for you to be able to trust and rely on the breeder from whom you purchase your new pup. Your breeder can help you raise a well mannered, healthy pet, and can provide you with guidance throughout you pup’s life. You should look for a breeder who obviously loves the breed, who is both honest and knowledgeable about the breed, who wants to be helpful to you, and a breeder who you feel comfortable with and feel that you can trust.
Screening breeders is a tall order, but it is very important. A mistake in judgment at this point in your search for a healthy pup can be quite devastating to you and your family at a later date. The internet contains a lot of useful information, but a bad breeder can also use the net to pick up on “just what to say” to people inquiring about pups. This is your chance to truly play detective.
The technique described should work for interviewing breeders of any breed of dog, but I will, from this point on, be Great Dane specific. Danes, as a breed, have a life expectancy of only 7-8 years. Due to their size, medical problems can be both physically demanding on their owners (lifting them or assisting them in walking, for example) and extremely expensive, not to mention the emotional toll on both the owner and the pet. It is very important to work with a breeder who is truly knowledgeable and committed to producing healthy pups.
When talking to breeders, ask a few basic questions. You don’t have to “grill” the breeder, just work your questions into the conversation. Since initial contacts generally include a phone conversation, you could make a list and check the questions off as you go plus you could take short notes. DO NOT PUT THESE QUESTIONS IN AN EMAIL!
In the paragraphs to follow, these questions will be addressed in detail. How did they get into breeding Danes? How long have they been breeding? How many litters of Danes have they had in their breeding career? How many Danes do they have? Do their Danes live in their house, outside or in a kennel building? Do they show in either conformation and/or obedience and agility? What are the most important characteristics that they breed for in a Dane? How long do their Danes generally live? What do they generally die from? What do they do with their dogs once they are too old to breed? Are they willing to provide references? Do they screen their buyers? Do they utilize a sales contract? Do they provide any type of guarantee? If so, what is it and how long does it extend? When working with their guarantee, do they refund money or provide a replacement pup? If a replacement pup, do you have to give up the Dane being replaced? Do they allow folks to come out and visit, meet and pet their adult dogs? Do they provide you with written instructions? Do they have any strict requirements concerning brands of kibble or specific diets? Do they have any specific requirements about veterinary medicine or homeopathy? Do they cull their litters? If so, based on what? How do they feel about ear crops…do they have any strong preferences? What type of support services, if any, do they offer you?
When you purchase a Dane from a breeder there is potential for three levels of suffering if problems arise. The breeder can be hurt; the buyer can be hurt; and the pup can be hurt. A good breeder should be carefully screening you while you are screening them to insure that you would be a good home for a pup and that the puppy would be the last one to suffer if something went wrong (after all, the pups can’t protect themselves). Since the breeder makes the final decision whether or not to sell to you, once you express a desire to purchase, the breeder should be willing to shield you from as much potential “suffering” as possible, in the event of a problem. A breeder who strives to protect himself/herself first is not what I consider a good breeder. Keep this in mind as you read the paragraphs below.
How did the breeder get into breeding Danes? There are many people who know a great deal about Great Danes and yet have never bred a litter and have no intention of breeding. These people are generally well informed Dane owners. There is a big difference in owning Danes and breeding Danes. I have a major problem with people who decide to use the “learn as you go” method of becoming a breeder. Their dogs and their pups are the first to suffer and the last to be protected from their bad judgment; lack of experience; inability to effectively screen their buyers; and inability to be helpful in the raising and training of the pup.
Everyone has to start somewhere. There are many books published about Great Danes; there are a substantial number of breeders in almost every state; and there is abundant information on the internet. Novice breeders who are interested in learning present a wonderful opportunity for experienced breeders to become mentors. Locating a willing, responsible breeder can be a challenge, but it is possible. Not all experienced, reputable breeders are willing to assist novices, but for the betterment of the breed, helping a novice to avoid mistakes that our dogs pay for really beats complaining about “backyard breeders”.
How long has the breeder been breeding? I have read many misleading websites and talked to many people who grossly exaggerated their breeding experience. For example, one breeder I talked with had a Dane as a pet for several years…then didn’t have any Danes for numerous years….then, five years prior, decided to become a breeder. They claimed the entire span of time as years of experience to total over 20 years. Their actual experience…5 years max. You don’t have to be pushy to inquire about details…just be interested.
How many litters of Danes have they produced in their breeding career? If they claim 20 years experience and have produced 3 litters during that period, they are essentially novices. They do not have to mass produce to be experienced breeders. For instance, if a breeder claims 20 years of experience and has had 9 or ten litters, that’s believable.
How many Danes do they generally have at home, excluding puppies? This information will help you interpret info about the number of litters they’ve produced; plus the amount of experience they actually have with the Danes.
Do their Danes live in their house, outside with doghouses or in a kennel building? Sometimes the climate provides definite housing requirements, but in many areas, it’s personal preference, zoning influences, space requirements, etc. The answer to this question will also help to interpret the answer to many other questions.
Do they show in conformation and/or obedience and agility? The answer to this question will help to explain their breeding criteria and will help you interpret the answers to other questions. Conformation shows and production of champions generally doesn’t mean that much to a person looking for a pet, as conformation shows are generally concerned with conformation, movement, color and training. Showing in obedience and agility, on the other hand, can provide helpful information about their dogs fitness and attitude.
What are the most important characteristics that they, as a breeder, breed for? If they show in conformation, then movement and conformation are likely to be very high up on their list. Most dogs shown in conformation are building their reputation and that of the breeder for the time when they are either being bred and producing pups or are being used for stud. In my humble opinion, conformation and gait are not nearly enough to justify using a dog to produce offspring. If they don’t have their health and a good temperament, they are simply not good candidates for breeding. Personally, I like intelligent dogs too. If you are looking for a family pet, health and temperament should be top priority for you.
How long do their Danes usually live? What do their dogs generally die from? The average life span of Great Danes is supposed to be 7 to 8 years. Unfortunately, most American Danes don’t live to a ripe old breed standard age. The life span of American Danes has declined to around five.
When dealing with this question, you have to be thorough. If a breeder has been breeding for 8 years, it is not likely that they can claim a life expectancy of 7 to 8 years unless they produced several litters their first year and most of the pups are still alive or unless their dogs used for breeding come from a breeder known for their 7-8 year life expectancy. Asking what their dogs generally die from is very important.
What do they do with their dogs who are too old to breed? Believe it or not, I have known some breeders who put their Danes down when they were too old to breed. I don’t even want to further discuss these jerks.
Some breeders with very limited space place their retirees in pet homes to make room for younger dogs. Other breeders retire their dogs and maintain them in their home. It is super experience for breeders to maintain geriatric Danes. How can a breeder help you with important advice when your pet gets old if they have no experience with aging Danes?
Does the breeder x-ray the hips of their dogs before breeding? Ask about the general health of their Danes and what tests they normally run. Hip x-rays are very important for Danes. If they don’t x-ray, find a breeder who does. Some breeders will ask people to look at their dogs rear ends to see how strong they are because they don’t x-ray. You cannot tell with the naked eye. Some of the best rears I’ve ever see with my own eyes did not x-ray well. Without a sound set of hips, Danes are in trouble eventually. If the breeder is having specific problems in their bloodline, they should work with any testing available for their specific problems. You should not expect a Dane to be tested for every possible problem. It is not economically feasible and you wouldn’t be able to afford the pup. Think of a human physical. Most people are never tested for a wide array of problems.
Is the breeder willing to provide references from veterinarians and buyers? Any reputable breeder should be more than willing to provide you with telephone and/or email references from both their veterinarian and several buyers. If they are not, find another breeder.
Does the breeder screen potential buyers, and if so, what technique do they use? This gives you some feel for the thoroughness of the breeder. Screening via phone or person interview are the two most revealing, if the breeder is a skillful evaluator of people.
Does the breeder utilize a sales contract? If their answer is yes, ask for a copy before you waste your time. I have seen many sales contracts used by breeders. Some are fairly simplistic and are used to either formalize the sale or to function as a back up in case their evaluation of the buyer was not accurate. Others range from complicated and impractical to an insult to anyone with half a brain.
Now I am going to ask a question that will appeal to anyone with an ounce of common sense. If a breeder has properly screened a prospective buyer and doesn’t trust the individual to take proper physical and emotional care of a pup, why in the world would the breeder allow the buyer to leave the kennel with a pup? The only thing I can think of that would fill the bill for some is MONEY. What is there about a contract that could possibly make a breeder feel reassured about letting a buyer they didn’t trust take a pup? Once again, sounds like the answer could be potential gain.
Please use your common sense. If a sales contract is difficult to understand, would be difficult to comply with, if it is full of legal ease, if it requires you to give up any of your legal rights (one of which is appearing in a court in YOUR county of residence), if it is very financially slanted toward the economic well fare of the breeder, run don’t walk to your car. Any breeder with a track record of frequent law suits would inspire me to question their screening process. If they are so bad at screening that they have to rely on the legal system, they should do the pups and the breed a favor and either hire someone who is good at screening to screen their prospective buyers for them or stop breeding.
Does the breeder give a guarantee? If so, what does it cover and how long does it extend? Is the guarantee in the form of money or a replacement pup? If it is a replacement pup, does your Dane have to either die or be returned to the breeder to get the replacement pup?
Ask the breeder what their guarantee covers and for how long. Also ask them if you encountered a problem covered by their guarantee, would the compensation be in the form of money or a replacement pup. Most breeders who give a guarantee, offer a replacement pup…not money. Many breeders require that your Dane either be returned or deceased before they will replace it, and if you ask about its fate should you return it, most will tell you that it will be put down. They are hoping that you will refuse to give up your dog.
I’ve been in Danes for well over thirty years now. In all honesty, I’ve not heard of or known many breeders who give a really good guarantee. A good guarantee should be simply written and easy to understand. It should not make you feel irresponsible or negligent. The breeder should not mind clearly and concisely answering any questions you might have. The guarantee should be written in such a way that you feel the breeder is confident and has faith in his/her bloodline and that the breeder wants you to feel comfortable working with them.
Most give from 24 hours to a few days for the buyer to get the pup to a vet. If they guarantee hips, it’s usually for either a year or at most two years. I’ve seen many guarantees that make you prove that you have taken good care of your dog with an array of demanding requirements (including but not limited to extensive unnecessary lab tests when the pup was first acquired, proof of purchase for labels from a specific brand of dog food, etc.). I’ve seen guarantees that attempt to dazzle the novices with the names of the many health problems that are supposedly guaranteed against only to discover that these guarantees require unrealistically early diagnosis and treatment (paid for by the puppy owner) with a negative outcome.
If you have a problem with your Dane, your breeder’s guarantee should not provide you with an additional problem. If it sounds like the guarantee is protecting the breeder more from the buyer’s claims than it is reassuring and comforting the buyer, find another breeder.
Does the breeder only want visitors when he/she has pups for sale or will they allow visitors to the kennel at other times? Most good breeders are very proud of their Danes and would be more than happy to have visitors, by appointment, to see and play with their Danes. If you’re talking to a breeder who does not want you to come out unless they have pups, check out some other breeders.
Does the breeder provide the buyer with written instructions for caring for the pup?
Most people buying a new pup are too excited to be expected to listen carefully and take accurate notes. It is the responsibility of a good breeder to instruct the buyer about how to care for a pup. Instructions should be clear, simple and easy to comply with. If they appear overly complicated, ask for clarification. Some people just can’t write clearly. Others expect too much. If the breeder expects too much, find another one.
Does the breeder have any specific requirements concerning brands of kibble or specific diets? If they do, you had better make sure that you are willing and able to comply or you could wind up voiding your guarantee (if the breeder is giving one).
Does the breeder have any specific requirements concerning veterinary medicine or homeopathy? Some breeders do not want their pups to have vaccines. See the upcoming comments under controversial issue #11, Vaccinosis. They want their buyers to use homeopathic medicine. Some go so far as refusing to guarantee their pups if the pups receive any vaccines. They want the pup’s health dealt with by homeopathy.
I have a serious problem with this demand. First of all, there are not enough homeopathic practitioners to treat the entire pet population. Secondly, anyone can claim to be a homeopathic practitioner. Make sure you are willing to comply with the breeder’s health maintenance requirements or you could be in real serious trouble if your pup develops a health problem.
Does the breeder cull their litters? If so, based on what? Some breeders cull their litters immediately upon birth of any non-show marked pups because the dam will then have more milk for the show marked pups, and the breeder will not have to work with people seeking pet pups. Personally, I find this offensive, lazy and hard-hearted, and I would never want to contribute to their economic well-being.
Some breeders cull mostly white pups fearing that they will be blind and/or deaf. You can’t tell anything about these pups for several weeks. It does take a great deal of extra effort to insure that deaf pups are placed in qualified homes. We do put deaf pups (at no charge) into homes willing and able to teach them to respond to hand signals. However, some of the whitest pups we’ve ever produced could both see and hear. Blind pups are almost impossible to place, and, fortunately, are infrequently produced.
Does the breeder require that you crop your pup or does he/she permit natural ears? Which do you prefer and will the breeder support or permit your choice. If not, find another breeder. If you need help with this decision, you can order a tape from S.F. Products (800-235-2094) called “All About Ears”. The tapes discusses the pros and cons of both cropped ears and the natural ear; how to locate a vet to crop; how to tape cropped ears; how to deal with problem ears with taping techniques; corrective surgery for some problem ears, etc. You can order via phone with either Visa or MasterCard between 8:00 AM, EST and 9:00 PM, EST.
What type of support services does the breeder offer you, if any? Will the breeder be a resource for you if you have questions about behavior; training; health? If not, find another breeder. Do they board at all?
Your breeder should be there for you via either phone or email with information about behavior and assistance with training tips. You will need guidance with regard to certain surgical procedures, where veterinarians differ in their recommendations, like tacking stomachs in an attempt to prevent torsion. I don’t put my foot down with regard to much, but I will not allow stomach tacking in a pup as a preventative surgery. I don’t object in an adult who has actually torsioned.
BOTTOM LINE: There are many bad breeders in the dog world. Some are bad because they don’t know what they are doing, and others are bad because they don’t care. The ones who don’t know will improve as they learn. It’s up to you to ferret out a good breeder who is willing to provide any assistance you might need and a breeder that you feel comfortable dealing with. Ignorance on the part of the breeder can produce results that will break your heart.
If a breeder’s paperwork sounds like the breeder is attempting to dazzle you with info that they know is over the average person’s head (thus making the breeder look extremely knowledgeable); if the breeder’s paperwork is excessively concerned with finances, especially their expenses and compensations; if their paperwork tends to make you feel totally stupid; if they give a guarantee that requires you to “prove” you have taken or are taking good care of the pup; if they give a guarantee that requires you to maintain unreasonably detailed records; or if the breeder’s paperwork requires that you “sign away” any of your legal rights, run don’t walk to the next breeder you’d like to interview!!
Remember, the internet is helping you gather information about Danes. The internet can also assist bad breeders, so that they can successfully mask their inadequacies.
ADVICE: Make sure that your selected breeder is knowledgeable, caring and willing to share. If there is an abundance of glitz or an overload of info that is over your head, be careful. Remember, if you don’t understand the information presented, it is not much good to you. Make sure that you are totally comfortable with the breeder and would not be uncomfortable calling the breeder to discuss health, temperament or training issues.
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New Hydrogen Center: ENERTRAG and Sunfire Start Cooperation to Operate a 10 MW Pressurized Alkaline Electrolyzer
Prenzlau / Dauerthal / Dresden, September 9, 2021
Renewable energy company ENERTRAG and electrolysis company Sunfire are expanding their partnership. Both partners have signed a cooperation agreement for the realization of an electrolysis test field in Prenzlau (Germany).
The partners announced that they will install and operate a number of electrolyzer systems with a total capacity of up to 15 MW at ENERTRAG’s new hydrogen center in Prenzlau. In the scope of the cooperation, Sunfire will deliver a 10 MW pressurized alkaline electrolyzer of the new S+ generation. In addition, the first hydrogen filling station in the Uckermark region will be built at the Prenzlau facility, which will be supplied with green hydrogen produced on-site.
ENERTRAG will connect the hydrogen center through its own power line to the renewable power plant Uckermark, which has a production capacity of more than 600 MW. By using renewable electricity only, the installed electrolyzers can produce green hydrogen in the most climate friendly way possible. The project benefits from ENERTRAG’s 10 years of experience in producing green hydrogen through operating the hybrid power plant.
The green hydrogen is planned to be used for the mobility sector – for local public transport in particular. ENERTRAG will be responsible for the commercialization of the hydrogen produced, which can also be supplied to customers via trailers.
Delivering the 10 MW pressurized alkaline electrolyzer of the new generation S+ is an important step for Sunfire, strengthening its position as a global leading electrolysis company. Due to an increased power density, Sunfire’s new pressurized alkaline system is even more efficient than the previous generation, enabling green hydrogen production at lower cost.
"We look forward to cooperate with ENERTRAG not only as a strong partner for validating our technology, but also as an important new customer", underlines Sunfire CEO Nils Aldag. "The hydrogen center offers optimal conditions to validate our technological advancements due to the sufficient green electricity available. We have been able to prove our pressurized alkaline technology in numerous industrial projects worldwide over the past decades. Our new S+ generation will set entirely new standards."
In addition to the 10 MW pressurized alkaline electrolyzer, Sunfire is also installing further electrolysis systems in Prenzlau, covering different technologies from the company’s product portfolio. These include the innovative high-temperature electrolysis system based on the solid oxide electrolysis cell technology (SOEC). Running at temperatures of 850 °C, it is considered the most efficient electrolysis solution on the market.
"The cooperation agreement with Sunfire marks another milestone for our hydrogen center in Prenzlau", says Manuela Blaicher, Head of Power-to-X at ENERTRAG. "It is important for us to produce green hydrogen from regionally generated, renewable electricity, reducing the power grid load and storing surplus electricity in a smart way. We are particularly excited about the opportunity to gain more insights about new technologies that will be important for the continuing energy transition."
ENERTRAG and Sunfire are already cooperating in several other projects. Within "Concrete Chemicals", for example, the partners are working together with cement manufacturer CEMEX to reduce the cement industry’s carbon footprint using green hydrogen. The knowledge gained will be incorporated into future hydrogen projects.
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<urn:uuid:51c81f54-c9c8-4a0a-908e-118968c1cf59>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.sunfire.de/en/news/detail/new-hydrogen-center-enertrag-and-sunfire-start-cooperation-to-operate-a-10-mw-pressurized-alkaline-electrolyzer
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00473.warc.gz
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|
Living (green) wall installations have emerged on the commercial market in the past two decades and have rapidly become a prominent architectural feature in many cities. Much emphasis in research has been placed on the potential of these systems to increase buildings thermal efficiency, improve urban air quality, attenuate nuisance noise and provide habitats for wildlife. These benefits would be expected to contribute urban resilience to climate change in addition to the main aesthetic purpose of green walls. The systems are potentially also a restorative solution for densely built urban areas with limited access to conventional green space. Urban green infrastructure with such socio-ecological aspiration would provide benefits for public health and economic regeneration that are potentially immense.
In the first of two presentations, Dr Terry McBurney will examine the current role and potential of green wall systems in the urban landscape and the technical, economic and regulatory constraints that have impeded development of wider applications.
In the second presentation (TBC) he will describe the novel green wall system that was eventually devised to meet the requirements and realised as viable prototypes that are scalable for large installations.
Click here to register.
This lunchtime event (1pm-2pm) is being held in association with ‘Green Chester‘ during their ‘Go Green Festival 2021’
CREST@UCS is part funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).
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<urn:uuid:a0492cd8-8d41-44cc-8fba-57625dc6d0c3>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://crestatucs.com/living-walls/
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| 0.954909
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A recent UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report stated that the earth is warmer than it’s been in 125,000 years. Fires are raging across the world and the Amazon’s burning season has already destroyed over 100,000 hectares of rainforest. As we collectively face this global climate emergency, Indigenous peoples across the Amazon Basin are calling for international solidarity and the protection of 80% of the Amazon by 2025. We must protect the rainforest and defend Indigenous rights for our climate’s future. We are answering that call and have plans to support you to start or deepen your solidarity. You’re going to want to be a part of this global mobilization!
In solidarity with Indigenous peoples and allies from around the world, we’re launching a Global Week of Action for the Amazon from September 5 – 11 via the NooWorld app. NooWorld is a social platform made by activists, for activists to build worldwide solidarity for climate justice. By joining us, you’ll gain a community of people who are also learning about different threats to the Amazon and our climate. You bring your voice and solidarity, and we’ll bring you opportunities to join in on collective action from the Amazon to the San Francisco Bay Area to anywhere online.
During the Global Week of Action, you’ll join campaigns and show your solidarity with Indigenous peoples and Women Defenders of the Amazon who will be mobilizing in force during the week. You can join to amplify their resistance and solutions and take action to hold accountable governments and corporations complicit in Amazon destruction. You’ll learn how to spot “false solutions” and how net-zero can be co-opted by corporations, directly from Indigenous communities affected and resisting. There will also be an opportunity to support a youth-led day of action for the Amazon and Climate Justice from wherever you are in the world, among many other opportunities for action.
Join us on the NooWorld app for the Global Week of Action for the Amazon to get involved and show your support for the Amazon rainforest and its Indigenous defenders!
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://amazonwatch.org/news/2021/0817-stay-connected-stay-active-for-the-amazon-on-the-nooworld-app
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|
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| 0.942788
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If being in the minority in a particular demographic isn’t demanding enough, Yamila discovers a family secret that threatens to derail the success she has encountered thus far at her competitive high school, even given the economic challenges confronted by her and her family. Experience the trials that Yamila faces in contrast to the seemingly carefree life of her best friend, Ashley, as the two characters illustrate their differences all while maintaining their relationship. La niñera is a common story, but one rarely told in accessible Spanish.
- 71 pages of text, plus a glossary
- written in present and past tense
- Neutral Spanish with several Latin-American characteristics: more use of personal pronouns than in Spain, and the use of 'ustedes' instead of 'vosotros'.
- setting: Duckston, New England
||"La niñera was my second story inspired by the lack of connection my students were making with the Spanish-speaking people that their parents hired to work in their homes as housecleaners or landscapers.
I would ask my students if they knew people who spoke Spanish (it was decidedly NOT a diverse district) so that I could encourage them to practice their language skills with those people. More often than not, my students didn’t even know the names of the people who showed up weekly in their homes.
In the story, Ashley and Yamila couldn’t be more different, both ethnically or economically, but still, they are good friends. They grew up together as Yamila always spent time at Ashley’s house because Yamila’s mom is the family’s nanny. Of course, there is teenage drama and misunderstandings which adds to the conflict."
Information for teachers
Students of Spanish have access to rich vocabulary, a review of the present tense and an introduction to the past tenses in context through a story whose cultural content also presents topics worthy of discussion.
Would you like to order a set of 20 of more copies* for your class? We will give you a 10% discount (only for 20 or more copies of the same title). Please, order the novels via e-mail. Due to relatively small stock numbers, we advise you to order timely. Delivery time will be up to 2-3 weeks.
*All books and novels are copyright protected, which means that copying this book for use in your classroom is not permitted.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.thecibookshop.com/en/la-ninera.html
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| 0.964892
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Based on the NanoRobo microfluidic platform they unveiled two years ago, the Nanocrystal (NC) Factory as the authors call it starts with cesium lead bromide perovskite quantum dots and introduces various halide salts to precisely tune their fluorescence color across the entire spectrum of visible light.
Anions in these salts replace the bromine atoms in the green-emitting dots with either iodine atoms (to move toward the red end of the spectrum) or chlorine atoms (to move toward blue).
“Because the NC Factory can precisely control both chemical composition and processing parameters, it can be used to continuously manufacture perovskite quantum dots in any color with the highest quality,” explains corresponding author Milad Abolhasani.
The NC Factory system consists of three “plug and play” modules. The researchers developed a pre-mixing module to expedite the mixing of halide salts and quantum dots, in order to improve product quality. The system also incorporates a velocity sensor that allows users to monitor reaction times accurately. The synthesized QDs are then monitored in situ using the NanoRobo process-monitoring module.
“Not only can we create the QDs in any color using a continuous manufacturing approach, but the NC Factory system is highly modular,” adds Abolhasani. “This means that, coupled with continuous process monitoring, the system allows modifications to be made as needed to eliminate the batch-to-batch variation that can be a significant problem for conventional QD manufacturing techniques. Additionally, the chemistry we have developed in this work allows the perovskite QD processing to take place at room temperature.”
According to Abolhasani, the NC Factory system would require far less labor to operate continuously, and the researcher estimates that the system could cut overall QDs manufacturing costs by at least 50 percent. The novel process is patent pending and the researchers are seeking industrial partners to commercialize the technology.
North Carolina State University – www.ncsu.edu
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.eenewseurope.com/en/microfluidics-based-quantum-dot-factory-tunes-colour-on-the-go/
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On this day long workshop you will make a beautiful willow frame basket.
Using a selection of different species of willow to give a variety in colour. You will learn how to bind two hoop frames together; insert ribs to create the shape of your basket and weave away!
No previous skills necessary, although some manual dexterity and patience will be needed.
What you need: Comfortable clothing and a packed lunch. Refreshments are available to be purchased on site.
Session: Wednesday 17 August, 10am - 4pm
Tutor: Mollie McMillen
Mollie McMillen is the co-founder of the Field Farm Project, an outdoor learning centre in Hampshire near Petersfield.
Mollie began her pursuit for an outdoor life by training to be a Bushcraft instructor 15 years ago. During that experience she was introduced to many hand crafts using natural materials from the woodland.Making a small pouch from sweet chestnut bark was a pivotal moment, which had her hooked on making baskets and vessels from bark and plant fibres.
Over the years she also learned how to make baskets from willow using both traditional English and continental skills and techniques, and recently has started offering hand woven willow and plant fibre coffins to bereaved families.
Mollie teaches a vast array of subjects all grounded in the landscape and where possible using locally sourced, sustainably harvested natural materials.
Mollie and her husband Nick McMillen have founded McMillen Arts to showcase Nick’s stunning fine arts and their collective weaves and interior designs.
Book your space on Willow Basket at Hampshire Cultural Trust's Forest Arts Centre, New Milton now!
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.hampshireculture.org.uk/event/willow-frame-basket
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Monument to the Ipswich Martyrs
These photographs were taken on Sunday 6 July 2013 at the famous,
'Ipswich Music In The Park' event during a heatwave.
On three sides of the collar of the column:
'THE NOBLE ARMY … OF MARTYRS … PRAISE THEE'
Around the base:
'OH MAY THY SOLDIERS FAITHFUL, TRUE
AND BOLD …
FIGHT AS THE SAINTS WHO NOBLY FOUGHT OF OLD …
AND WIN WITH THEM THE VICTORS CROWN OF GOLD …
On the four faces of the monument:
IS ERECTED TO THE MEMORY
NINE IPSWICH MARTYRS
WHO FOR THEIR CONSTANCY TO
THE PROTESTANT FAITH
DEATH BY BURNING'
'WILLIAM PIKES 1558
ALEXANDER GOUGH 1558
ALICE DRIVER 1558
AGNES POTTEN 1556
JOAN TRUNCHFIELD 1556
JOHN TUDSON 1556
N. PEKE 1538
ROBERT SAMUEL 1555'
Please email any comments
and contributions by clicking here.
Note the lack of Christian name
of the martyr called 'Kerby' who died in 1546. He was a man condemned
by the Justices and executed by burning at the stake in Ipswich for his
Protestant beliefs. He is numbered among the Ipswich Martyrs and died
for denying the Roman Catholic doctrine of transubstantiation of the
Host. This was the first recorded execution by burning in Ipswich for
such a cause, but was followed by several others over the ensuing
twelve years, so that by the death of Queen Mary in 1558 there are said
to have been seventy-seven persons in Ipswich under condemnation, who
were afterwards released. Ipswich had witnessed the arrest of the
preacher Thomas Bilney in May 1527, who had appeared more than once
before Ipswich's Cardinal Thomas Wolsey,
been tried for heresy and burned in Norwich in 1531.
The account of the execution is chilling. A large crowd of many
hundreds gathered on the Saturday to witness the event, which was held
at the Cornhill, then called the Market
Place, outside the Town Hall. Adjacent was the meat market building
called the Shambles, a large timbered structure with an arcade around
the ground floor, and with a balcony above from which public spectacles
could be viewed. A large company, including most of the neighbouring
justices, were assembled there, and the stake, broom and brushwood
faggots had been set up in the centre of the Cornhill. Kerby was
fastened to the stake with irons. From the balcony of the Shambles Dr
Rugham, formerly a monk of Bury St Edmunds, delivered a sermon, taking
his text from Chapter 6 of the Gospel of St John. For there it is
written, that in the Synagogue in Capernaum Christ said:
"I am the living bread which came down from heaven. If any man eat of
this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I will give is
my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world." (vs. 51)
"Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, ye
have no life in you. Whoso eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath
eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is
meat indeed, and my blood is drink indeed.' (vs. 53-55)
As Dr Rugham delivered his sermon, Kerby interrupted with statements to
the people telling them here to 'believe him', or there 'it is not
The priest then called upon Kerby to declare again his belief
concerning the sacrament of the mass, and Kerby replied again as
before. The under-Sheriff then asked him if he had anything more to
say. "Yea, sir, if you will give me leave," replied Kerby. "Say on."
Then Kerby, taking his cap from his head, put it under his arm as
though it should have done him service again; but, remembering himself,
he cast it from him, and lifting up his arms he said the hymn Te Deum
with other prayers in the English tongue. At this Lord Wentworth, who
stood in the gallery, was seen to turn aside behind one of the posts of
the gallery, and weep, and many of the beholders wept also. The flames
were kindled and with a loud cry to God, Kerby beat upon his breast 'so
long as his remembrance would serve'. As he died a great shout of
admiration for his constancy went up from the crowd of witnesses.
This Protestant Martyrs Memorial stands fairly close to the Reg
Driver Centre (home to a blue plaque)
in Christchurch Park and was erected
in 1903 to commemorate the nine Ipswich martyrs who were burnt at the
stake for their Protestant beliefs, under the reign of Mary I. The
memorial was funded by private subscription which was opened in
November 1902, after attention had been drawn to the story of the
martyrs in a series of newspaper articles in the East Anglian Daily Times between
1898 and 1900. The lettering is of interest in that the flat stone
surface has been excavated around each character, leaving the letters
and numerals standing in a darker rectangle (a sort of cameo method, as
opposed to intaglio where the letters are incised into the surface).
There is more than a touch of the art
nouveau in the letterforms, very much of the Edwardian times.
The memorial is Listed Grade II:-
"By H.G. Edwards. Stone, marble and a brick core. C20 concrete stepped
plinth surrounded by low wrought- and cast-iron railings. Stone base of
monument is of square section and has extruded corners below moulded
cornice. Inscriptions on sides of the base include on west: This
Monument/ is erected to the memory/ of/ nine Ipswich Martyrs/ who for
their constancy to/ the Protestant faith/ suffered/ death by burning.
Quatrefoil-section marble shaft with an annulated ring rises to a heavy
cornice and a polygonal finial in Gothick style, with gablets."
See also the Christchurch Park &
Withypoll Memorials stone, Christchurch Park Cenotaph
and the Christchurch timeline.
throughout the Ipswich
Historic Lettering site: Borin Van Loon
No reproduction of text or images without express written permission
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Why Follow My Vote's Business Model is so successful?
Get all the answers
Follow My Vote’s Company Overview
Follow my vote's ambition is to build a secure online voting platform that will allow for greater election transparency.https://followmyvote.com/
Follow My Vote’s Customer Needs
Social impact: self-transcendence
Life changing: affiliation/belonging, self-actualization, provides hope, motivation
Emotional: attractiveness, provides access, rewards me
Functional: connects, informs, simplifies, saves time, organizes, integrates,
Follow My Vote’s Related Competitors
Follow My Vote’s Business Operations
Blue ocean strategy:
The blue ocean approach is predicated on the premise that market limits and industry structure are not predetermined and may be reconfigured via the actions and attitudes of industry participants. This is referred to as the reconstructionist perspective by the writers. Assuming that structure and market boundaries exist solely in managers' thoughts, practitioners who subscribe to this perspective avoid being constrained by actual market structures. To them, more demand exists, primarily untapped. The core of the issue is determining how to produce it.
Producing goods in collaboration with customers based on their input, comments, naming, and price. It represents a new form of the socioeconomic output in which enormous individuals collaborate (usually over the internet). In general, initiatives based on the commons have less rigid hierarchical structures than those found on more conventional commercial models. However, sometimes not always?commons-based enterprises are structured so that contributors are not compensated financially.
The aikido business model is often characterized as using a competitor's strength to get an edge over them. This is accomplished through finding weaknesses in a competitor's strategic position. In addition, it adds to marketing sustainability by exposing rivals' flaws, finding internal and external areas for development, and attracting consumers via specific product offers that deviate from the norm.
Improving management and performance for companies of all sizes, industries, and globally via creative solutions. Alternate Capital Raising Platform is a novel method of obtaining money that connects the prospective buyer with available capital sources such as venture capital funds, angel investors, and others.
Crowdfunding is the technique by which a large number of people contribute to a project. Contribute modest sums of money to support a new business endeavor. Crowdfunding leverages the ease of accessing vast networks of people, connecting investors and entrepreneurs through social media and crowdfunding websites. It can increase entrepreneurialism by widening the pool of investors further than the traditional ring of owners, relatives, and venture capitalists.
Digitalization is the systematic and accelerated transformation of company operations, processes, skills, and models to fully exploit the changes and possibilities brought about by digital technology and its effect on society. Digital transformation is a journey with many interconnected intermediate objectives, with the ultimate aim of continuous enhancement of processes, divisions, and the business ecosystem in a hyperconnected age. Therefore, establishing the appropriate bridges for the trip is critical to success.
Embedded social enterprises:
The built-in social model is predicated on the premise that everyone wants to do good and lose weight in their awareness in a highly consumerist society. Toms Shoes was the first business to establish a successful strategy for include contributions in the value of its bids. Concentrating on shoe sales, the company gained notoriety in the media and its consumers when they announced that another team is given to a charity for every pair of shoes bought.
The on-demand economy is described as economic activity generated by digital marketplaces that meet customer demand for products and services via quick access and accessible supply. The supply chain is managed via a highly efficient, intuitive digital mesh built on top of current infrastructure networks. The on-demand economy is transforming commercial behavior in cities worldwide. The number of businesses, the categories covered, and the industry's growth rate are all increasing. Businesses in this new economy are the culmination of years of technological progress and customer behavior change.
This method allows the modification of current structures via the use of cutting-edge technology, as shown by growing political unrest, a crisis in representation and governance, and upstart companies upending established sectors. Nevertheless, the nature of this transition is often exaggerated or severely underestimated. As a result, some cling to delirious fantasies of a new techno-utopia in which greater connection results in direct democracy and wealth.
The Lean Start-up methodology is a scientific approach to developing and managing businesses that focuses on getting the desired product into consumers' hands as quickly as possible. The Lean Startup method coaches you on how to guide a startup?when to turn, when to persevere?and how to build a company with maximum acceleration. It is a guiding philosophy for new product development.
Software value token:
Another kind of crowdsourcing is to raise money for a project in exchange for a digital or software-based value token. Value tokens are generated endogenously by specific open, decentralized networks and are used to encourage network client computers to spend limited computer resources on network maintenance. These value tokens may or may not exist at the time of the crowd sale, and they may need significant development work and ultimate software release before becoming life and establishing a market value. While funds may be collected only for the value token, money obtained via blockchain-based crowdfunding can also represent stock, bonds, or even market-maker seats of governance for the company being financed.
Platform as a Service (PaaS):
Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a class of cloud computing services that enable users to create, operate, and manage apps without the burden of establishing and maintaining the infrastructure usually involved with designing and developing an app.
Crowdfunding for charity purposes is a collaborative effort by people to aid charitable projects. Civic crowdfunding is a kind of charity crowdfunding in which money is collected to improve public life and space.
A retail business model in which consumers self-serve the goods they want to buy. Self-service business concepts include self-service food buffets, self-service petrol stations, and self-service markets. Self-service is available through phone, online, and email to automate customer support interactions. Self-service Software and self-service applications (for example, online banking apps, shopping portals, and self-service check-in at airports) are becoming more prevalent.
Two-sided marketplaces, also called two-sided networks, are commercial platforms featuring two different user groups that mutually profit from the web. A multi-sided platform is an organization that generates value mainly via the facilitation of direct contacts between two (or more) distinct kinds of connected consumers (MSP). A two-sided market enables interactions between many interdependent consumer groups. The platform's value grows as more groups or individual members of each group use it. For example, eBay is a marketplace that links buyers and sellers. Google connects advertising and searchers. Social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook are also bidirectional, linking consumers and marketers.
New technologies that are now being created or produced in the next five to ten years will significantly change the economic and social landscape. These include but are not limited to information technology, wireless data transmission, human-machine connection, on-demand printing, biotechnology, and sophisticated robotics.
A disruptive technology supplants an existing technology and fundamentally alters an industry or a game-changing innovation that establishes an altogether new industry. Disruptive innovation is defined as an invention that shows a new market and value network and ultimately disrupts an established market and value network, replacing incumbent market-leading companies, products, and alliances.
Take the wheel:
Historically, the fundamental principles for generating and extracting economic value were rigorous. Businesses attempted to implement the same business concepts more effectively than their rivals. New sources of sustained competitive advantage are often only accessible via business model reinvention driven by disruptive innovation rather than incremental change or continuous improvement.
Compared to more centralized development methods, such as those usually employed by commercial software firms, the open-source model is more decentralized. Scientists see the open-source approach as an example of collaborative openness. Peer production is a fundamental concept of open-source software development, with deliverables such as source code, blueprints, and documentation made freely accessible to the public. The open-source software movement started as a reaction to the constraints imposed by proprietary programming. Since then, its ideas have extended to other areas, resulting in what is known as open cooperation. Typically, money is generated via services that complement the product, such as advising and maintenance.
The concept of radical transparency, or everyone knowing everything, has the potential to be a significant driver of improved organizational performance. This is especially true for new, fast-growing businesses that are under pressure to achieve aggressive sales targets and keep their investors pleased. In governance, politics, software design, and business, radical transparency refers to activities and methods that significantly enhance organizational processes and data openness.
Peer to Peer (P2P):
A peer-to-peer, or P2P, service is a decentralized platform that enables two people to communicate directly, without the need for a third-party intermediary or the usage of a corporation providing a product or service. For example, the buyer and seller do business now via the P2P service. Certain peer-to-peer (P2P) services do not include economic transactions such as buying and selling but instead connect people to collaborate on projects, exchange information, and communicate without the need for an intermediary. The organizing business provides a point of contact for these people, often an online database and communication service. The renting of personal goods, the supply of particular products or services, or the exchange of knowledge and experiences are all examples of transactions.
Recommended companies based on your search:
Vizologi is a platform powered by artificial intelligence that searches, analyzes and visualizes the world’s collective business model intelligence to help answer strategic questions, it combines the simplicity of business model canvas with the innovation power of mash-up method.
Before downloading the canvas, we would like to invite you to our newsletter, from time-to-time we will send you curated content about business strategy
|
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://vizologi.com/business-strategy-canvas/follow-my-vote-business-model-canvas/
|
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|
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| 2,201
| 1.695313
| 2
|
Editorial | Honor McKinley with Navy ship
So some old-timey president got his name stripped off the Alaskan mountain now renamed Denali.
Who cares, right? Is he going to rise from his grave and do something about it?
We should care. William McKinley meant much to Ohio and and the United States. McKinley was born near Youngstown, served in the Civil War and was governor of Ohio and a U.S. representative. As U.S. president from 1897 until he was assassinated in 1901, he led a country on the rise through troubling times, including to victory in a two-ocean war with Spain that revealed the power of the U.S. Navy.
Yet Denali, roughly translated “the tall one,” is a name worthy of the 20,237-foot-tall mountain, a sign of respect to the Koyukon Athabaskan people who live around the mountain.
McKinley’s name is also worthy. But unlike Denali, McKinley can be honored in many ways. Indeed, his name graces towns and high schools across Ohio and the country, including the Canton McKinley High School.
Here’s a solution for a replacement honor for McKinley: name an aircraft carrier after him, and thereafter, a prominent Navy ship in perpetuity. The Gerald R. Ford class of aircraft carriers is now under production. Put McKinley’s name on a floating symbol of this country’s military might and naval reach. Such would be a fitting and honorable way to honor an Ohio-born president who shepherded the United States to prominence on the world stage.
Politics are buried deep in this debate over the name of the highest peak in North America. The name of Denali has been a political matter since it was officially named Mount McKinley in 1917. According to most reports, the mountain was unofficially named in McKinley’s honor by gold miners, in honor of McKinley’s support of the gold standard for currency — a political fight between the parties at the time.
In more recent decades, members of Congress from Alaska and Ohio have fought over the name of the mountain, blocking the U.S. Geological Survey from deciding on Alaska’s request to rename the mountain Denali in 1975.
President Barack Obama’s decision to change the mountain’s name is within the law, which allows the Interior Department to act if the USGS doesn’t act on a name-change request within a “reasonable” time. After 40 years, it was time for a decision.
Hail, Denali. Now let’s find a new way to properly honor a president and native son who meant much to Ohio and the history of the United States.
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<urn:uuid:78b58d21-4dde-4cee-9f9e-be17703690d4>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.bucyrustelegraphforum.com/story/opinion/editorial/2015/09/05/editorial-honor-mckinley-navy-ship/71570498/
|
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|
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| 0.963426
| 583
| 3.265625
| 3
|
The rich text element allows you to create and format headings, paragraphs, blockquotes, images, and video all in one place instead of having to add and format them individually. Just double-click and easily create content.
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The modern debate about economic growth first kicked off in 1972, with the publication of the influential Limits to Growth report by the Club of Rome.
The argument of the report was that exponential growth of production and consumption could not be sustained over the long term due to the finite resources and absorptive capacities of the Earth’s environment.
In the half century since then global environmental degradation has greatly worsened, with climate change, soil depletion, deforestation, ocean pollution and the loss of biodiversity all at critical levels. This has led environmentalists and environmental economists to revisit the question of whether economic growth can be environmentally sustainable.
One response to concerns about environmental degradation has been to argue, not that economic growth per se is impossible, but only its current patterns and forms. If the world switches to renewable energy, becomes much more resource-efficient and institutes a ‘circular economy’ in which resources are reused and recycled, GDP growth can continue at the same time as environmental damage is reduced. Growth in global income remains morally necessary, it is argued, to end poverty and give everyone on the planet a decent living standard.
Advocates of ‘green growth’ include major economic institutions such as the World Bank, and many governments and companies. They acknowledge that the world is very far from achieving green growth now. But they maintain both that it is possible to ‘decouple’ GDP growth from environmental damage, and that it is politically and socially infeasible to call for growth to cease.
With the focus of green growth on environmental sustainability, the concept of ‘inclusive growth’ has been developed to emphasise how growth strategies can be redesigned to achieve reductions in poverty and inequality. The OECD defines inclusive growth as ‘economic growth that is distributed fairly across society and creates opportunities for all’.
Advocates of inclusive growth argue that redistribution through the tax and welfare systems is not sufficient to achieve genuine inclusion. They typically emphasise instead the importance of education and skills, labour market reform, asset ownership, the empowerment of local places and democratic participation.
For some environmentalists and economists ‘green growth’ and ‘inclusive growth’ are mirages. The root problem in our economy and society, they argue, is the obsession with economic growth. Exponential growth cannot be achieved within the earth’s planetary boundaries, and cannot satisfy human needs.
‘Degrowth’ is the term increasingly used for strategies which seek a deliberate and planned contraction in the economies of high-income countries. Proponents argue that reducing the throughput of materials and energy can be achieved at the same time as maintaining and even improving people’s standards of living. As unplanned recessions exacerbate inequality, a central tenet of degrowth proposals is to ensure social justice by equitably sharing out resources, and reducing consumption and income by reducing working time.
Proponents of the idea of a ‘steady-state economy’ or ‘prosperity without growth’ argue for an economy in which environmental resources and absorptive capacities are sustained at an ecologically healthy level. This will require a contraction in the current size of high-income economies.
Rather than either ‘green growth’ or ‘degrowth’, some economists have begun to use the term ‘post-growth’ to characterise an economic policy stance focused directly on achieving environmental sustainability and individual and social wellbeing.
A ‘post-growth’ society and economy would be one where economic growth – and its attendant consumption patterns – is not regarded as a good in itself. While some of those using the term believe degrowth is necessary, others are (in Kate Raworth’s phrase) ‘growth agnostic’.
Some analysts have pointed out that western economies have for some time been experiencing much lower growth rates than in the past, with the idea of ‘secular stagnation’ suggesting that this may be a long-term condition. So adjusting to a post-growth economy may be necessary, whether designed or not.
The dependence of current economies on growth to sustain employment and raise tax revenues has led some researchers to model a ‘post-growth’ economy which lives within planetary boundaries and focuses on redistributing wealth and improving wellbeing rather than growing output.
The idea of ‘wellbeing’ is now widely used to characterise the goal of a flourishing economy.
Wellbeing includes income but is not limited to it: it also includes other factors, including the quality of work, physical and mental health and public goods (such as the natural environment and social cohesion) that make up people’s overall quality of life. The general concept of wellbeing includes both individual life satisfaction and the flourishing of society as a whole.
A common focus of those arguing for a ‘wellbeing economy’ is that we need new indicators to measure economic and social progress, in place of growth of GDP (see below). Economic and social policy needs to be designed to achieve wellbeing directly, rather than relying on economic growth.
A number of countries, including Iceland and New Zealand, are using ‘wellbeing budgets’ and new indicators to try and ensure that this is achieved.
One of the most common arguments in the growth debate is about the value of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a measure of economic progress. This was not what GDP, which measures national income and output, was originally designed for. But economic policy and analysis has generally used it as such: GDP growth is the primary (though not only) economic goal of most governments.
The argument against GDP is that it does not measure environmental degradation or the depletion of ‘natural capital’; it ignores productive activity (such as childcare and housework) that occurs outside market transactions; it cannot take into account intangible but important public goods such as social cohesion and trust; it does not reflect subjective happiness or life satisfaction; and does not measure the distribution of income or wealth.
Many attempts have therefore been made to construct alternative metrics of economic and social progress, with the aim of ‘dethroning’ GDP from its paramount position. Some seek to adjust GDP in various ways. Others have compiled an index of various measures.
The most common approach is to use a ‘dashboard’ of multiple economic, environmental and social indicators. These more complex datasets have the ability to track a breadth of concerns, but make it harder to track overall progress and tell a clear narrative story.
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Young Brits rely on overdraft
YOUNG Britons are heavily reliant on their overdraft to fund everyday spending, with a quarter constantly in the red.
Three-quarters of 18-29-year-olds have an overdraft facility on their current account, with the average person going overdrawn by £656.
Nearly half have gone overdrawn without authorisation from their bank, wracking up default charges as a result.
The majority of people are using the overdraft to fund everyday spending, with 55% admitting to using it to buy food shopping and 49% using the money to pay bills.
More worryingly, 29% of young people said they relied on the facility to repay existing debt. At the same time 17% of 18 to 29-year-olds admitted they would rather use their overdraft to pay for something they couldn't afford rather than go without it.
According to the company behind the research, uSwitch.com, banks should take some of the blame for encouraging youngsters with 'free' money.
Nick White, head of personal finance at uSwitch.com, said: 'In most cases the first time young people are introduced to credit will be in the form of an overdraft, often interest-free, and understandably there is a temptation to utilise what is on offer without thinking about the long-term consequences.
'Although many students will have no option but to borrow on an overdraft, they should try to avoid falling into the credit habit, which could see them relying on overdrafts and credit cards as a way of life.'
The company urged 18-year-olds heading for university this year to be careful when choosing a student bank account. It said students should avoid being seduced by eye-catching incentives and concentrate on the interest rates offered by the bank.
White added: 'The main feature for students to look for when choosing an account should be which one offers the largest interest-free overdraft facility for the longest period of time – not which one will give them a free iPod.'
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- Open Access
The ubiquitination code: a signalling problem
Cell Division volume 2, Article number: 11 (2007)
Ubiquitin is a highly versatile post-translational modification that controls virtually all types of cellular events. Over the past ten years we have learned that diverse forms of ubiquitin modifications and of ubiquitin binding modules co-exist in the cell, giving rise to complex networks of protein:protein interactions. A central problem that continues to puzzle ubiquitinologists is how cells translate this myriad of stimuli into highly specific responses. This is a classical signalling problem. Here, we draw parallels with the phosphorylation signalling pathway and we discuss the expanding repertoire of ubiquitin signals, signal tranducers and signalling-regulated E3 enzymes. We examine recent advances in the field, including a new mechanism of regulation of E3 ligases that relies on ubiquitination.
Cells use a system of post-translational protein modifications to generate and transmit signals in almost every pathway. One of them is ubiquitination. When appended to target proteins ubiquitin (Ub) can affect their localization, activity, structure and interaction partners. Similarly to the phospho-based signal, the ubiquitin signal is recognized by specific domains (Ubiquitin Binding Domains, UBDs), carried by proteins (Ub receptors) that represent signal transducers. More parallels can be drawn with phosphorylation: ubiquitination is reversible thanks to deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) and it is inducible by various stimuli. Compared to phosphorylation, the signal generated by the 76-residue Ub protein is certainly more complex. Ub can be appended as a monomer or as isopeptide-linked polymers named polyubiquitin chains. The existence of a vast array of Ub signals raises the question of how the specificity of signal recognition might be achieved. Indeed, the molecular requirements for recognition of the various known Ub signals are poorly understood and form a central question in the field.
Here, we will discuss recent studies that shed new light on the Ub code and that regard the topology of Ub signals, the identification of new UBDs and the regulation of the critical enzymes of the signalling cascade, namely, the E3 ligases.
Ubiquitin chain complexity: generation of signalling diversity
Substrate proteins can be modified by Ub in different ways (Figure 1). Monoubiquitination is the attachment of one Ub moiety to a single lysine residue. This modification is a reversible, non-proteolytic signal involved in endocytosis, endosomal sorting, histone regulation, DNA repair, virus budding and nuclear export (reviewed in [1–4]). A variation of this theme occurs when several lysine residues of a substrate are modified by a single Ub molecule, giving rise to multiple monoubiquitination that plays a role in receptor internalization and endocytosis [5–7].
Ubiquitin itself contains seven lysine residues that can be potentially used as acceptors for the attachment of other Ub molecules, allowing the formation of different types of Ub chains (polyubiquitination, Figure 1). Indeed, it has recently been shown that all seven lysine residues are used in vivo for chain formation [8, 9]. However, it is currently not known if all of the linkages have a specific function.
Lysine linkage is a central issue, since different polyUb chains contribute to the generation of diversity in Ub-dependent signalling. The first genetic evidence that structurally different chains might represent functionally distinct signals, came from a study showing that yeast cells expressing Ub-K63R are defective in DNA repair, but still proteolytically competent . The simplest idea to explain chain recognition is based on possible different topologies adopted by different chain types. Such a concept would help to rationalize how cells interpret the diversity of Ub signals and translate them into specific biological responses.
The best-studied examples are chains of four or more Ub moieties linked through lys48. This form of chain targets proteins for degradation via the 26S proteasome [11, 12]. Interestingly, NMR and crystallographic studies have shown that lys48-linked chains adopt a closed conformation, whereby hydrophobic residues of two adjacent Ub molecules are exposed at the interface and contact each other [13–16]. Such structural attributes appear to be required for the recognition by the proteasomal subunits [12, 17].
Ub-chains formed through lys63 have also been subjected to intense scrutiny. Similarly to monoubiquitin, such chains generate a non-proteolytic signal involved in DNA repair, transcriptional regulation, endocytosis and activation of protein kinases [18–20]. NMR data have confirmed the existence of a conformational difference between lys48- and lys63-linked chains, with the latter adopting an extended, linear conformation of Ub units arranged head to tail [21, 22]. This type of structure suggests that lys63 chains might be recognized as a signal topologically similar to monoubiquitin. Indeed, while monoUb is sufficient to stimulate rapid internalization for the majority of yeast proteins [23, 24], lys63-linked chains are required for maximal internalization rates of a subset of nutrient permeases [18, 25]. A similar behaviour has been observed in mammalian cells. MHC class I molecules and nerve growth factor receptor TrkA require lys63 chains for internalization, while EGFR is modified by both monoUb and lys63 chains [5, 7].
Much less is known about the precise function and topology of chains that are linked through lys6, lys11, lys27, lys29 and lys33 [3, 12, 20] and structural analysis are needed to understand if these chains also have peculiar conformational properties.
New pioneering studies demonstrating that atypical, mixed polyUb chains can be formed, point to an additional level of complexity in the Ub system. Several groups have reported the identification of branched chains containing different types of linkages, but their functions still remain unclear [8, 28–30]. These findings are based exclusively on in vitro reconstituted systems, often performed using lysine-to-arginine mutant forms of Ub. Despite the proved utility of these molecular approaches they remain indirect and susceptible of criticisms. Unfortunately, this is our resolution limit at present. More work is required to understand the relevance of these different lysine linkages in vivo and, in this respect, the development of novel diagnostic tools, such as linkage-specific antibodies or innovative mass spectrometry strategies, would be of great help.
Ub and endocytosis: EGFR as a case study
Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs) control different biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation and survival . The prototype of RTKs is the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), which plays critical roles in physiological and pathological processes in epithelial cells . Once activated by its cognate ligand, the EGFR undergoes dimerization and trans-phosphorylation at different tyrosines, which serve as docking sites for several signalling/adaptor molecules . One of these is the E3 ligase Cbl, which mediates ubiquitination of the receptor [33, 34]. In a first set of studies, EGFR was shown to be primarily modified by multiple monoubiquitination in vivo [5, 6] and a single Ub moiety was demonstrated to be sufficient to drive receptor internalization . More recently, a challenging study based on a mass spectrometry approach has shown that, in addition to multiple monoubiquitination, the EGFR is modified by short lys63-linked chains within the kinase domain . Although we cannot exclude that these two EGFR modifications may play distinct role in endocytosis, the structural data discussed previously argue for a topologically-related signal. The mechanism through which lys63-linked chains could further stimulate internalization is not known at the moment. The simplest explanation is that Ub lys63 chains might work as a tandem monoUb signal, increasing the affinity for Ub receptors that operate at the various stations along the endocytic pathway, but other explanations are also possible (for detailed examples see ).
The best characterized role for receptor ubiquitination is to negatively regulate signalling by targeting receptors for lysosomal degradation (reviewed in [35–37]). The requirement for Ub at the initial step of internalization of EGFR was rather controversial [38–41]. The studies we conducted under physiological conditions helped to resolve this issue and unveiled the importance of ligand concentration in the internalization process . We found that the receptor uses different pathways depending on its ubiquitination state, which is a direct consequence of the amount of EGF used to stimulate it. Indeed, at low doses of EGF (1.5 ng/ml), only clathrin-dependent endocytosis is active. For this pathway, receptor ubiquitination is not necessary. Accordingly, mutations, either targeting the tyrosine docking-site for Cbl or the ubiquitinated lysines, resulting in a Ub-defective receptor, abrogate receptor down-regulation but not its internalization via the clathrin pathway [7, 39, 40, 42]. At higher, but still physiologically relevant, EGF concentration (20 ng/ml), an additional clathrin-independent, raft-dependent pathway comes into play, concomitantly with ubiquitination of the receptor. Experiments with EGFR mutants that can no longer be ubiquitinated or engineered to have Ub as the only intracellular signal (EGFR-Ub chimera) confirm that Ub is the major device that directs the receptor to the raft pathway . A schematic view of the different entry routes of EGFR in HeLa cells and their regulation as a function of EGF dose is depicted in Figure 2.
The existence of distinct, highly regulated internalization pathways, raises the possibility that they might be involved in the generation of signalling diversity, by targeting the receptor to different fates, as was shown in the case of the TGFβ receptor . To date, the impact of the two pathways on the final biological outcomes of EGFR signalling is not known and remains a challenging question. We recently found that while the raft-dependent pathway is preferentially associated with EGFR degradation, clathrin-dependent internalization appears to contribute primarily to EGFR recycling and signalling (SS and SP, unpublished).
Three adaptors, eps15, eps15R and epsin, are recruited to the EGFR at the plasma membrane upon ligand activation. These proteins have been traditionally linked to clathrin-dependent endocytosis, due to their multiple interactions with the clathrin apparatus [44–49]. Recent evidence, while confirming their involvement in the clathrin pathway with an optimizing function, point to a previously undiscovered requirement for these adaptors in targeting Ub-conjugated cargo to clathrin-independent endocytosis [42, 50]. Indeed, both eps15/R and epsin present single or multiple Ub interacting motifs (UIMs), through which they recognize the ubiquitinated receptor and mediate its clathrin-independent internalization [42, 51, 52]. Hence, it is becoming clear that these endocytic adaptors may play multiple roles in different endocytic pathways, depending on which signal the cargo protein presents and which endocytic route cargo uses.
Interestingly, these proteins are themselves modified by monoUb in ligand-dependent manner [52, 53]. By creating additional surfaces of interaction, monoubiquitination of adaptors could contribute to signal amplification [1, 4, 53], as exemplified by findings that growth hormone receptor internalization is crucially dependent on functional Ub machinery, but does not require receptor ubiquitination . In this and other cases [55, 56], monoubiquitinated adaptors might be responsible for sorting of receptors along the endocytic pathway. An alternative possibility was recently proposed by Dikic and colleagues . In this model monoubiquitination of the adaptor leads to an intramolecular interaction mediated by the UBD that folds back on the Ub appended in cis. This switch-off mechanism allows the detachment of the adaptor from the ubiquitinated cargos [4, 57]. At least for eps15, evidence is accumulating in our laboratory that argues against an intramolecular inhibitory interaction mediated by the UIM (TW and SP, unpublished). It should be mentioned that the precise role of monoubiquitination could be distinct in the different adaptors and that the present knowledge does not allow generalization of one specific concept.
In conclusion, the emerging picture indicates that Ub can regulate EGFR endocytosis and signalling in several ways. On one hand, by targeting the receptor, Ub mediates its internalization and degradation, leading to signal termination. On the other hand, by targeting the endocytic machinery, Ub might contribute to the "endocytic" regulation of signalling in time and space. The combination of these Ub-based regulatory mechanisms together with others, such as phosphorylation, contribute to generate the wide variety of biological responses downstream of the EGFR.
UBD specificity: recognition of signalling diversity
The identification of the first Ub binding modules has set the stage for the discovery of a Ub-based network of protein:protein interactions . Proteins carrying UBDs represent the downstream effectors able to recognize and further transmit the Ub signal. In terms of structure and affinity characteristic UBDs have been amply and excellently reviewed [53, 58, 59]. Here, we concentrate on possible mechanisms of linkage-specific recognition.
Despite the increased number of high-resolution structural studies, no single domain can be accurately referred to as mono- or polyubiquitin-specific binding domain. In a systematic effort to define the factors responsible for linkage-specific recognition, Pickart and co-workers examined the Ub interaction properties of 30 distinct UBA (ubiquitin associated) domains and sorted them in four different classes . Class 1 domains, which include the UBA domains from Rad23 and hHR23A, selectively recognize lys48-linked chains. This preference is consistent with the role of Rad23 as a modulator of proteasome activity, although the UBA might be not essential for this function. Class 2 domains preferentially bind lys63-linked chains. Among others, this group includes the UBA from Ede1, the yeast homolog of eps15, which mediates protein trafficking typically associated with monoUb or lys63-linked chains. Class 3 domains comprise many UBAs that do not bind to Ub at all. Although it cannot be excluded that they recognize Ub chains different from the ones used or other Ub-like protein modifiers, these results underline the need for experimental validation of bioinformatically identified UBD. The last class of UBA domains bind to polyUb chains without any linkage specificity. Unfortunately, while the classification was certainly useful, it did not support any distinction based on primary sequence comparison, leaving the molecular basis for linkage-specific discrimination still unclear. It should be noticed that the preference observed for an isolated UBD could be different from the one observed for the full-length protein. In vivo subcellular localization as well as structural constraints might strongly influence the type of Ub that Ub receptors are programmed to bind.
In some cases, preferences for lys48-linked chains can be explained by the ability of a single UBD to interact with two Ub moieties in 1:2 stoichiometry. NMR studies have revealed the modes of interaction of the UBA domains of hHRD23A and of Mud1 with two Ub molecules linked via lys48 [22, 61]. In both cases, the UBA appears to insert into the di-ubiquitin making contact with both Ub moieties. Interestingly, the hHRD23A UBA2 domain seems to bind the lys48-linkage directly . The recent characterization of the structure of the UIM (Ub-interacting motif) of Hrs in complex with Ub revealed a comparable mode of interaction . Hrs is a key protein involved in the sorting of ubiquitinated cargos. The authors showed that UIM of Hrs is capable of binding two Ub molecules at the same time through two interaction surfaces embedded on the opposite sides of the same helix. Based on sequence comparison, they identified a new subclass of UIMs that was named DUIM (double-sided UIM). In addition to increased avidity, a possible intriguing feature of these domains is the potential for binding to topologically distinct chains, although this has not been experimentally tested.
The protein NEMO, an essential regulator of NF-kB activation, represents an interesting case of chain-specific recognition [63, 64]. Pull-down experiments have demonstrated that the region encompassing the second coiled-coil and the leucine zipper motifs is able to bind lys63-linked chains, but not chains linked through lys48 [63, 64]. One physiological substrate of NEMO is the receptor-interacting protein, RIP, which is indeed lys63-ubiquitinated . It has been proposed that NEMO protects RIP from the proteasomal degradation by preventing the conversion of lys63-linked to lys48-linked polyubiquitination promoted by the A20 protein [63, 65].
Despite the high degree of conservation of the entire Ub molecule throughout evolution, the majority of Ub receptors contact the hydrophobic face of Ub, centred on Ile44. A pioneering study performed in S. cerevisiae has identified other functionally relevant regions in Ub molecules . Recently three novel UBDs were reported to recognize alternative surfaces of Ub. Using a two-hybrid screening approach with a mutated version of Ub (Ile44Ala) Dikic and collegues identified the UBM (Ub binding motif) present in Y-family translesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases . NMR studies showed that the UBM recognizes a Ub surface around Leu8, that is near, but not overlapping with, Ile44. The presence of this domain allows TLS polymerases to interact with ubiquitinated PCNA after DNA damage [67, 68].
The second non-canonical Ub binder is the ZnF_A20 domain present in Rabex-5, a Rab5 guanine nucleotide exchange factor. Crystal structures have revealed that the ZnF_A20 makes contacts with a polar patch centred on Asp58, which is completely displaced from Ile44 [69, 70]. Functionally, we have demonstrated that the ZnF_A20 domain is required, together with the adjacent MIU (motif interacting with Ub) for the binding of Rabex-5 to the activated and ubiquitinated EGFR . The discovery that a single Ub moiety can simultaneously engage two different partners increases the complexity of Ub-based network and provides interesting outlooks. For instance, it can explain how Ub receptors promote trafficking of ubiquitinated cargos along the endocytic route. The "hand-off" mechanism previously proposed is difficult to hypothesize if the sole interaction surface on Ub is around Ile44. If, instead, we envision a scenario in which Ub receptors that recognize non-canonical surfaces of Ub are intercalated with Ile44-specific Ub receptors, the hand-off mechanism of trafficking of monoubiquitinated cargos becomes plausible (Figure 3).
The third example of an alternative Ub recognition site is represented by the UBD present in the deubiquitinating enzyme isopeptidase T (IsoT or USP5), named ZnF_UBP. This domain contains a unique, deep tunnel-like binding pocket which can accomodate the C-terminus diglycine motif of Ub . In addition to this extensive interaction, ZnF_UBP also binds to Ub around Ile36, while no contacts with the Ile44 patch are evident. Functionally, IsoT is responsible for the hydrolysis of unanchored polyUb chains. It releases one Ub at a time, starting from the proximal end of the chain . Mutations in the ZnF_UBP domain demonstrate that it is required for optimal catalytic activation of IsoT. Given the different conformations of adopted different types of polyUb chains, it is unclear how IsoT can act on all of them. A speculative hypothesis implicates the high flexibility of the C terminus of Ub that can easily rotate in order to position the scissile bond of alternatively linked polyubiquitin chains near the catalytic site. The proximal Ub in the chain is immobilized via the insertion of its C-terminus diglycine motif in the deep invagination of the ZnF_UBP. Since ZnF_UBP does not contact any lysine residues that could possibly be involved in chain linkage, the chain could project out from the proximal Ub in any direction, thus enabling IsoT to trim any type of Ub chain.
E3 ligases: signalling-regulated enzymes
Ubiquitination is often induced by extracellular stimuli and substrates are not constitutively recognized. Thus, the activity of the ubiquitin system needs to be rapidly and tightly modulated in order to gain specificity. This could be achieved promoting or inhibiting substrate recognition and/or modifying the catalytic activity of the conjugating enzymes .
Regulation can occur via the subcellular localization of the enzymes or of the substrates or via the binding to "auxiliary" proteins. In the case of TGF-β signalling, Smad7 acts as an adaptor protein and recruits the Smurf E3 ligases to the TGF-β receptor . In addition, Smad7 is able to stimulate the catalytic activity of Smurf2 by recruiting and positioning the E2, UbcH7, in close proximity to the HECT domain of Smurf2 . Accessory proteins may also have an inhibitory function, such as the tumor suppressor protein ARF which blocks the E3 ligase activity of Mdm2 leading to p53 stabilization .
Regulation can also occur through post-translational modification of the substrate or of a component of the ubiquitin conjugating machinery. Usually, the E3 ligase is the key component of the machinery subject to regulation, although post-translational regulation of E2 enzymes has recently been described [76–79].
Regulation by phosphorylation
In recent years, it has become clear that Ub regulation is often dependent upon protein phosphorylation . Phosphorylation may play a role in either the recognition of substrate by the E3 ligase or the modulation of E3 enzymatic activity.
Substrate phosphorylation is a common and well-characterized way of creating a binding site for the E3 ligase. Many multisubunit RING E3s, such as Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein (SCF) complexes, target their substrates for proteasomal degradation in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Phosphorylated substrates are recognized and recruited to the SCF core complex through one of the large family of F-box adaptors proteins . Cbl, a monomeric RING E3 ligase involved in the ubiquitination of the EGFR, binds its substrate through the N-terminal PTP (phosphotyrosine binding) domain only after the receptor is phosphorylated . Phosphorylation might also prevent substrate recognition/interaction by the E3. C-Jun tyrosine phosphorylation within its PPXY motif by c-Abl inhibits binding to its E3 ligase Itch and, as a consequence, prevents ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of c-Jun .
On the other side, E3 phosphorylation is now accepted as an E3 regulatory mechanism. Its molecular consequences are only beginning to be explored. Phosphorylation of an E3 can generally inhibit or activate the enzymatic activity towards specific substrates (for detailed examples see ). In the case of negative regulation, recognition of the substrate is generally impaired. In addition, E3 activity is often shifted to self-ubiquitination or to another substrate [82–84]. Alterations of the subcellular localization have been described, as well [84–86].
Recently, Karin and colleagues have elucidated the mechanism of activation for the JunB E3 ligase Itch, which is critically important in T helper cell differentiation . After T cell receptor engagement, Itch undergoes JNK1-mediated phosphorylation that greatly enhances its enzymatic activity. The authors found that under non-stimulated conditions, Itch is inactive due to an intramolecular interaction between its WW and HECT domains. After T-cell stimulation, Itch is phosphorylated on three key residues (S199, T222, S232) within the proline-rich region. This phosphorylation event weakens the intramolecular interaction, most likely through electrostatic repulsions, leading to a conformational change in the WW domain. This conformational change releases the self-inhibitory interaction, thus dramatically increasing the E3-ligase activity . In addition to undergoing serine/threonine phosphorylation, Itch is tyrosine phosphorylated by Fyn, a member of the Src family kinases, after T-cell stimulation . Various observations suggest a negative regulation of Itch by tyrosine phosphorylation . The mechanism by which this happens is unclear, but it has been proposed that tyrosine phosphorylation might sterically inhibit the interaction between Itch and JunB . Thus, Itch-mediated JunB degradation seems to be tightly regulated by counterbalancing serine/threonine and tyrosine phosphorylation. It will be interesting to see if similar mechanisms of regulation exist for other types of E3 ligases for which phosphorylation events by various extracellular stimuli have been described .
Regulation by ubiquitination
E3 ligases can be regulated by ubiquitination. The simplest possibility is that E3 ligases are modified by a polyubiquitin chain linked through lys48 and targeted for proteasomal degradation. RING finger-containing E3s often catalyze their own polyubiquitination, in addition to polyubiquitination of their substrates . HECT-E3s are also capable of self-ubiquitination . Self-ubiquitination is a well accepted auto-regulatory mechanism which controls E3 ligase levels by degradation [90–92]. An additional level of regulation can be achieved through different E3 ligases acting on one other. This concept might help rationalize why, in some cases, different E3 ligases are found in the same complex, such as, for instance, Cbl and Nedd4 or AIP4 [93, 94].
Two recent papers have shown a non-destructive regulatory function for Ub modifications of E3 ligases. In both cases, the Ub modification enables the E3 ligases to promote monoubiquitination of their substrates [30, 95]. Our group has demonstrated that the ubiquitination of the HECT-type E3 ligase Nedd4 is required for recognition of a specific substrate, eps15 and confers to the enzyme the ability to execute coupled monoubiquitination . Eps15 is one of the Ub receptors, already described, involved in EGFR internalization. Like many other Ub receptors, eps15 becomes monoubiquitinated upon EGF stimulation by a process known as coupled monoubiquitination, which requires the presence of an intact UBD [52, 53]. Nedd4 is the bona fide E3 ligase for eps15 but no stable interaction between these two proteins has been detected . Since the UIM:Ub interaction is required for eps15 ubiquitination, we hypothesised that the UIM of eps15 may bind a ubiquitinated form of Nedd4. Two possibilities were envisioned. In the first one that we called "E3-thiolester model", the UIM would bind to the Ub linked through the thiolesther bond at the Nedd4 catalytic cysteine. The same Ub would be then directly transferred to the substrate. In the second model, called "E3-isopeptide model", the UIM would bind to a covalently ubiquitinated Nedd4 and then the catalytic cysteine would transfer another Ub to the substrate. To distinguish between the two models, a key experiment based on the capacity of Nedd4 to undergo self-ubiquitination in vitro was performed. The "E3-isopeptide model" predicts that increasing the amount of Ub-conjugated Nedd4 in the reaction should then increase monoubiquitination of eps15. Conversely, if the "E3-thiol-ester model" is correct, then eps15 ubiquitination should be indifferent to the status of Nedd4. In agreement with the isopeptide model, we found that ubiquitinated Nedd4 dramatically enhanced the amount of eps15 monoubiquitination with significantly faster kinetics. No differences were observed when a conventional substrate for Nedd4 was used . Thus, ubiquitination of the enzyme enables the E3 to recognize and ubiquitinate an additional substrate without changing its catalytic activity. If this model might be applicable to other UBDs capable of coupled monoubiquitination deserves further investigations.
In a completely different system, Ciechanover and collegues have demonstrated that self-ubiquitination of Ring1B is required for subsequent monoubiquitination of its substrate, H2A . When the ability of Ring1B to undergo self-ubiquitination was analysed, the authors found that the chains generated by the enzyme are atypical, mixed polyUb chains that do not serve as a proteasome targeting signal. With the help of an array of lys-modified Ub molecules, the authors convincingly proved that three lysines, namely lys6, lys27 and lys48, should be present on the same ubiquitin molecule to achieve full self-ubiquitination of Ring1B. What is the role of these atypical chains? Surprisingly, when they tested H2A monoubiquitination using Ub mutants they found that the same lysine residues were necessary. To demonstrate that self-polyubiquitination of Ring1B is required for H2A monoubiquitination, the authors used an approach very similar to the one used by Woelk et al. Ring1B was first subjected to a self-ubiquitination reaction with wt or lysine-less Ub and then purified and used to perform H2A monoubiquitination. In agreement with the idea that self-ubiquitination of Ring1B should occur prior or simultaneously with ubiquitination of the substrate, the lysine-less Ub-modified Ring1B showed a significant reduction in its activity toward H2A .
Unfortunately, the currently available tools do not allow the detailed structure of the atypical chains generated by Ring1B to be defined. Likely, they represent mixed branched chains in which any Ub within the chain can be conjugated with several others via different internal lysines. The molecular function of the atypical mixed chains attached to Ring1B is not clear yet, but it is tempting to speculate that the Ub chains might alter the structure of the E3, rendering it more active, or, as in the case of Nedd4, changing its binding specificity. Whatever the case, whether and how ubiquitination of E3 ligases is regulated in vivo remains to be established.
The fact that two totally unrelated E3 ligases, one of the HECT-type and the other of the RING-type, both appear to be regulated by ubiquitination, might indicate a more general mechanism of regulation and suggest another unexpected similarity between phosphorylation and ubiquitination pathways. In the same way that kinases are often activated by tyrosine phosphorylation in the signalling cascade, E3 ligases appear to be activated by ubiquitination (Figure 4).
Finally, Ub E3 ligases can be modified by ubiquitin-like modifiers, as well (Figure 4). Neddylation of cullin scaffold family members strongly activate the E3 activity of cullin-based ubiquitin E3s, such as SCFs [96, 97]. Mdm2 increases its activity towards p53 upon sumoylation, while desumoylation increases Mdm2 self-ubiquitination and degradation, thereby stabilizing p53 .
Conclusions and perspectives
Ubiquitin modification irreversibly or reversibly changes the fate of a target protein. Ubiquitination is regulated at different levels by the enzymes that catalyse the reaction, the properties of the substrate, the presence of UBDs or the activity of the enzymes that reverse the reaction, the DUBs. All these hardware components are frequently and rapidly modulated by extracellular signals (for example, growth factors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and UV damage) in a signalling cascade of ubiquitination events that mirrors the well-characterized phosphorylation cascade. Moreover, the two pathways are strongly interlinked. We have described how the phosphorylation of substrates or E3 ligases is, in some cases, a prerequisite for subsequent ubiquitination. We can hypothesize that the opposite might also occur as the presence of a UIM and of a RING domain in the MEKK1 enzyme seems to suggest. This additional layer of complexity is further amplified by a number of ubiquitin-like modifications present in the cell, not even discussed in the present review. We are only just starting to understand the basis of the system. It is predictable that the coming, exciting years will provide considerable insight into the regulation of diverse pathways, including cell proliferation and apoptosis, for which ubiquitination is of paramount importance. Uncovering the basic mechanisms in the ubiquitination system will help us to understand how their subversion contributes to diseases, such as cancer, and will provide a new window of opportunity for the development of novel therapeutic strategies of intervention.
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Parry G, Estelle M: Regulation of cullin-based ubiquitin ligases by the Nedd8/RUB ubiquitin-like proteins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2004,15(2):221–229. 10.1016/j.semcdb.2003.12.003
Sakata E, Yamaguchi Y, Miyauchi Y, Iwai K, Chiba T, Saeki Y, Matsuda N, Tanaka K, Kato K: Direct interactions between NEDD8 and ubiquitin E2 conjugating enzymes upregulate cullin-based E3 ligase activity. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2007.
Lee MH, Lee SW, Lee EJ, Choi SJ, Chung SS, Lee JI, Cho JM, Seol JH, Baek SH, Kim KI, Chiba T, Tanaka K, Bang OS, Chung CH: SUMO-specific protease SUSP4 positively regulates p53 by promoting Mdm2 self-ubiquitination. Nat Cell Biol 2006,8(12):1424–1431. 10.1038/ncb1512
Competing interests statement
The author(s) declare that they have no competing interests.
About this article
Cite this article
Woelk, T., Sigismund, S., Penengo, L. et al. The ubiquitination code: a signalling problem. Cell Div 2, 11 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-1028-2-11
- Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
- Polyubiquitin Chain
- Receptor Ubiquitination
- polyUb Chain
- Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Degradation
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Key words: US, Russia, Syria, Iran, Hezbollah, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, ISIS, AQ.
By Elijah J. Magnier @ejmalrai –
The US is preparing for the post “Islamic State” (ISIS) era, where the Levant and Mesopotamia have changed to the point they no longer look like they were prior to 2011. Today the war between proxies is coming to an end and the countries involved, superpowers and regional powers, are fighting using their own soldiers and equipment. The US has lost important points: its main fear of the Iranian influence and danger of Tehran’s proxies threatening its allies in the region (the Arabs and Israel) is more powerful than ever and more justified than ever. Things have gone beyond the point of no return. After more than six years of war the result is as follows:
1. The war imposed on Syria…
View original post 1,948 more words
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Twenty years ago, on 21 March 1999 at 6:00 GMT, Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones successfully landed in the Egyptian desert, after traveling 45'755km in 19 days, 21 hours and 55 minutes, thus achieving the longest flight in the history of aviation for both distance and duration. The balloonists took off from Château-d'Oex, Switzerland, on 1 March 1999.
Circumnavigating the globe in a balloon was considered as the final great adventure of the 20th Century. Several billionaires such as Richard Branson and Steve Fossett had made unsuccessful attempts. In total, 10 teams tried 21 times to reach this last Grail. Bertrand Piccard himself failed twice in 1997 and 1998 before attempting the third flight with Brian Jones.
Some keyfacts about the round-the-world
• Duration of the flight: 19 days 21 hours 55 minutes
• Maximum altitude reached: 11'755 meters
• Maximum speed attained: 240 Km/h
• Distance covered: 45'755 kilometers
• Ratified distance: 40,814 kilometers
• Number of countries crossed: 26 countries
The public could follow Bertrand and Brian's trip live on Breitling Orbiter's website. It was a first in the history of the internet! At the occasion of the 20th Anniversary, we re-published the original website.
There was a third passenger onboard! Indeed, on the 5th day of the flight, the pilots noticed a stow away: a mosquito that probably got in the balloon when they took off in Château d'Oex. The culprit was heard but mot seen and never found.
After successfully achieving the round-the-world, Bertrand declared that he felt that, all along this adventure, they were guided by an "invisible hand" helping them to catch the jet stream in Mexico after being deviated from their initial route and then to reach the African continent with only a very small amount of propane.
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What are floating floorboards?
A floating floorboard refers to a wood flooring that isn’t nailed down or glued to the layer beneath it. Originally it was created as a hardwood option for underlays that couldn’t accommodate other forms of wooden flooring, but the relatively cheap price and ease of installation has made it a popular DIY project for lots of Aussie homeowners.
It’s one of the easiest forms of hardwood to install, to the point where you can actually finish the installation process within a matter of minutes. And while it’s still preferable to have a professional lay it down, pretty much anyone can learn how to lay it themselves.
Appearance and cost of floating timber floors
Appearance-wise, floating floorboards are almost identical to other flooring options like laminate hardwood and engineered timber. They can differ in thickness depending on their application, but are generally thinner than your average flooring plank. They come in a variety of options like bamboo and oak, which can be trimmed and cut to fit!
But the best part is the price! Installing floating floorboards costs much less than engineered timber flooring because it requires no specialised tools. It’s even possible to install an entire floor by yourself.
Compare and contrast with laminate hardwood and engineered timber flooring
How do floating floorboards compare to other flooring options? Here’s a quick rundown:
This is one of the biggest drawbacks of getting floating floorboards: unless it’s specifically treated to be waterproof or cut from a water-resistant wood, it won’t hold up well against moisture. Laminate hardwood and engineered timber repel moisture and will last far longer than floating timber in damp conditions.
Floating floorboards are available pre-finished, so they come in planks that you can quickly install and replace. Compared to laminate flooring and engineered timber, a floating floorboard only has one solid wood layer. However, depending on the different trims available, you can have this adjusted if you’re having it finished on-site.
The durability of a floating floorboard depends on the layer it’s sitting on and foot traffic. Foot traffic can have a tremendous impact on flooring over time, leaving little scratches and dents that can be hard to repair. Because floating floorboards are a single layered wood, it generally copes well with dents and lots of foot traffic. Laminate wood cracks under pressure due to its coated top layer, while engineered timber is less durable.
Installing and maintaining a floating floor
You can easily install floating floorboards over most subfloors like concrete, stone, and other treated subflooring. Simply lay the floorboards on top of the subfloor’s surface and make sure they stay in place – there are some pre-finished floorboards that lock with each other for extra stability. You can also install floating subfloors over under-the-floor heating, but make sure the kind of wood you’re using can withstand the temperature.
Maintenance of a floating timber floor is easy: simply switch out floorboards when you need to. Since they’re not nailed or glued down to the subfloor beneath, there’s no need to do any additional repairs after replacing each plank. This does mean that the majority of your repair costs will come from buying new floating floorboards, which can cost quite a bit depending on the frequency of damage.
Fortunately, it isn’t that hard to take the extra steps needed to protect floating timber floors. Placing an extra layer on top is the least expensive option. Another option is to reinforce the subfloor with concrete to prevent buckling.
If you’re looking for a quick and easy way to get a beautiful wooden floor give floating floorboards a try! They’re likely available at your nearest Ikea or Bunnings and can be installed with little to no trouble at all.
RELATED: Flooring inspiration for your home
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The digital media industry has come together to launch a communal blacklist with the hope that agencies, publishers and tech vendors can combine their knowledge of bad actors in the online ad ecosystem and start to turn the tide against fraud.
The Trustworthy Accountability Group (TAG), a working group launched last fall by the U.S. IAB, 4As and ANA, has announced a new initiative for sharing information about fraud. Called the TAG Fraud Threat List, the program will collect the names of domains and sellers that have been caught with large quantities of non-human traffic, helping ad buyers to steer clear of them.
The pilot test of the program will focus on programmatic video inventory, and will run with four major video suppliers: AOL, Yahoo’s Brightroll, Facebook’s Liverail and SpotXchange. It will run for 30 days, during which the technical proposal for the program will be open for public comment.
Domains will be tagged as fraudulent if more than one of the suppliers detects fraudulent traffic, and will be added to a blacklist used by all four companies. The hope is that by working together, the suppliers can better keep up with the rapid adaptation of fraudsters.
Despite millions of dollars poured into detecting and stopping online ad fraud, it remains a substantial problem for online advertisers, especially in programmatic media. In the first quarter of 2015, verification firm Integral Ad Science estimated that of 16.5% of U.S. ads bought on networks and exchanges were fraudulent. In a benchmarking report last year, the ANA estimated fraud costs advertisers $6.3 billion globally, about 1% of total global advertising spend.
While every exchange, buying platform and trading desk maintains its own list of blocked domains — often provided or supplemented by third-party specialists like IAS or White Ops — the solution hasn’t been much more than a band-aid, since fraudsters are constantly creating new domains to push bad inventory.
But by pooling real-time data from multiple industry players into a central list, it will likely be much easier to catch bad domains as they arise. The more frequently fraudsters have to change their online identities, the more expensive and less profitable their operation becomes.
“When the major players all share their information, you get a 360-view of the most problematic domains,” said Josh Cariveau, SpotXchange vice-president of global supply operations, in a statement. “This initiative will help keep fraudulent inventory from shifting between one SSP/exchange and another to escape detection. Ultimately, this collaboration is a big first step to minimizing fraud.”
The main difficulty TAG will face is keeping the Fraud Threat List secure, since any information about fraudsters made public quickly becomes obsolete. When Spider.io announced its discovery of the Chameleon botnet in 2013, within hours whoever was behind the 120,000-computer-strong botnet was able to change its user agent, nullifying much of the security firm’s hard work. If fraudsters are able to gain access to the Fraud Threat List, they’ll know when their domains have been blocked, and be able to respond that much faster.
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In this situation, the warning “caveat emptor” or “buyer beware” is very important.
Although appointed by the bank, the receiver acts as agent of the borrower.
The bank will have suffered a loss on the property, and will want to dispose of it as soon as possible, to minimise that loss.
The bank will want to sell the property as it stands, and will not want to incur any expense, if they can avoid it.
The receiver has a duty to obtain the best price possible.
A ‘normal’ vendor will have a duty to provide information about the property in relation to such matters, as boundaries, disputes, planning etc.
A receiver can exclude many of these items from the Contract for Sale.
Instruct a solicitor who is experienced in conveyancing and has a good reputation. Chose a solicitor who has been recommended to you by family, friends or a business advisor.
Remember, this may be the biggest financial decision of your life, so the decision as to whom you should engage to act as your solicitor is a serious one. Also remember that this is a service, not a product, and service levels can vary dramatically from firm to firm.
Arm yourself with as much local knowledge as possible. Talk to the residents in the housing estate.
Call to the neighbours. Make contact with the representative for the management company. Find out if there are any issues with the property.
It is always a good idea to speak with those living in the area, to gain an understanding of the history of the property and the locality.
Before you close the sale, arrange a final viewing to inspect the property one last time, to ensure nothing has materially changed with the property, there is vacant possession, there is no rubbish in the property etc.
Prepare a budget. List all of the costs and expenses that buying the property will entail.
Your solicitor will help you with this process. You will have legal fees and outlays, valuation fees, survey fees, life assurance premiums, building insurance, etc.
If you address these issues in advance, then there will be no nasty financial surprises awaiting you as the transaction progresses. You will inevitably have increased expenses associated with buying a property in negative equity, so it is best to find out about any additional costs as early as possible.
Be realistic about the closing date.
In the event that you are financing the acquisition through a lending institution, then all of the qualifications and limitations listed in the contract must be brought to your lender’s attention, and their agreement sought and obtained in writing prior to the signing the contract.
This can take a few weeks.
Check the position in relation to access to the property. Is the property abutting a public road?
Does the property require access over a neighbour’s land? Is there a right of way in place? Are there any disputes with neighbours?
What are the rights and obligations in relation to the right of way? Who maintains the right of way?
Instruct a competent engineer or architect to visit the relevant planning department, inspect the planning register, talk to the planning officials and ensure that there are no outstanding planning permission or building regulation problems of which they are aware.
Make enquiries with the management company.
The major difficulty for buyers of repossessed houses or apartments in managed estates is that the receiver’s solicitor will usually not have up to date information from the management company.
This information concerns the service charges for the management of the common areas, green areas, lifts, sinking funds etc, but most importantly, in the case of apartments, the insurance on the apartment block.
Your solicitor will insist that this necessary information be supplied.
If you require a mortgage to complete the purchase of an apartment, no bank will lend to you unless the position of the management company and in particular, the block insurance policy is in order.
Any arrears of service charges will have to be paid by the bank out of the proceeds of sale before a change of ownership will be noted by the management company.
Your solicitor will ensure that you do not have to pay the service charges, which should have been paid by the owner.
Check the position in relation to utilities.
If the property has not been occupied for some time, it may well be the case that the ESB and water are disconnected. Substantial reconnection fees could be payable.
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Philosophy and you may Stereotypes
There are historical, spiritual, and you will social prejudices against informal gender, specifically for people, you to offer marriage or the full time relationships as the most (or just) appropriate spots to possess intercourse. Often, these “rules” have been flouted, which have informal intercourse leftover miracle, especially for guys, that have several consequences you’ll (for example damaged reputations otherwise ostracization) for those that rating trapped.
Women who participate in informal gender keeps over the years (as well as in specific groups, will always be) demonized into conclusion, also known as sluts, whores, garbage, easy, or bad. Obviously, to invest in on the these risky, oppressive stereotypes is damaging although you engage in casual sex-and you will provides to strengthen the fresh new sexist indisputable fact that it is completely wrong to own women to love sexual pleasure and you may try sexually outside of personal love or the bonds out of marriage.
However, for the advent of safe and effective contraception throughout the 1960s while the “totally free love” sexual wave one to then followed, the power of such archetypes started to slide aside. Nonetheless, a great deal more conservative impression in the sexual liberty and you can testing-in addition to antique views for the sex title and you may intimate liking-nonetheless keep effective move one of the minds and you can brains of some.
Now, although, many have shaken from, refuted, or changed the individuals conventional ideals so you’re able to accept a very expansive variety out of you can intimate or intimate relationship, like the LGBTQ+ area. Increasingly, noncommitted rendezvouses are regarded as a great rite out of passageway or simply just just like the an enticing intimate outlet. ? ? It’s usual, as well, to believe that everybody need to have in order to establish on their own the fresh new sort of sexual dating they want to engage in.
Potential Positives and negatives
The brand new advantages or minuses regarding causal sex is actually according to the latest disease in question. There might be as many potential professionals (instance sexual joy, impact attractive, otherwise meeting a potential future companion) so you can everyday sex and there’s issues to produce stop. You can easily cons, such as psychological distress due to seeking more or intimate be sorry for, will vary considerably off personal references, fundamentally based on the psychology going into the find and private history and you will requirement. ? ?
Specific communities attach lots of public stigma to help you casual sex while others be recognizing or into the brand new routine. Different people must look into one fundamental shame and other bad thinking it yourself might be or be exposed to and you will whether or not those people philosophy resonate using them since something you should incorporate or reject. How likely you’re feeling good about the experience prior to, throughout the, and you will just after is essential to look at too.
Definitely, since noted a lot more than, discover famous physical risks of entering casual sex, particularly when safer intercourse practices aren’t observed, regarding STIs, unplanned maternity, and you may sexual physical violence. Nevertheless emotional fallout, both completely out of the blue, is huge also, specifically if you was entering casual intercourse as an easy way to get rid of otherwise bury how you feel. ? ?
Anecdotally, we understand many anyone go into such activities thinking they will be in a great enjoyable, only to finish affixed, deflated, upset, or effect mistaken. On the other hand, there are various others who find yourself happily surprised of the the enjoy in addition to their power to delight in an only actual liaison.
Psychological state Effects
Basically, many people are better than anyone else during the compartmentalizing its romantic longings from their intimate wants. For other individuals, emotions and you may touch however entwine, and work out causal gender much harder to keep relaxed, although that has been your intent. Research shows that ladies are apt to have a more challenging big date than guys that have blocking psychological connection, and in case this happens he could be more prone to impression utilized, depressed, regretful, otherwise ashamed following the reality. ? ?
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Due to the nature of the construction industry and the constant gaps in cash flow, having access to ongoing working capital loans is essential. It’s a well-known fact that money is often needed for labor and materials before a project is started and that throughout a project, contractors are constantly waiting 30-60 days to be paid.
The Faster Process Loan
Time is the biggest enemy of traditional loan processing. After loan applications, a company waits for as long as 120 days to have cash come in. By securing a working capital loan, construction companies will be able to take on more projects and never worry about a shortfall when it comes to day-to-day expenses and operations.
Of course, the construction company needs a professional service that can help handle all these operations. If you live in New England, there are trusted companies that do bookkeeping for construction in New Hampshire. They aid organizations in better estimating material and labor expenses, as well as paying suppliers and employees on time and accurately.
This is without taking into account that one of your clients might take longer than expected to pay or make partial payments. Working capital loans give you flexibility and an ability to get through both opportunistic and slow times without falling short of working capital.
3 Benefits Of Working Capital Loans For A Construction Business
If you manage any construction-based company, it’s always essential to begin and identify alternative business plans which lend benefits sooner rather than later.
When you run your research and process the application early, it allows you to implement the practical capital loans while your financial statements and credit profile are at their strongest, which will result in more economical interest rates and offer better conditions for you.
1. Working Capital Loans Don’t Require Fees To Be Paid
There are no application fees when applying for a working capital loan. This means you have the ability to see what you qualify for without any out-of-pocket expense.
In addition, rather than relying on specific collateral, working capital loans are granted based on the current and historical cash flows of your business. This means there are no appraisal or diligence fees that a lender will demand in order to collect or underwrite your working capital loan.
2. Working Capital Can Be The Bridge When Things Get Tight
Construction businesses often have frequent swings in cash flow that you cannot foresee or predict. Whether you are waiting on slow-paying customers, or if weather impacts your ability to work, or if even the scope of a project changes, you must be prepared with capital loans when things get tight.
There are numerous programs available for construction companies, such as invoice financing, so it’s easier than you could ever expect to remain solvent once you have access to a lending program that’s just right for you and your business.
3. Application For Working Capital Is Simple
Applying for these types of capital loans is very simple. Just like when you are looking for a good real estate or a construction company that offer financing, you will be interviewed within a short 3 to 5-minute call to review the current and future needs of your business. Once they understand what it is you’re looking to use the capital for and what your timeline is, they will work to put the right program in place for you.
We will understand which is the best product and explain the reason why and how it will provide a benefit to you and your business. If we decide that it’s best to wait rather than apply now, we will explain why with all the details. Once we agree on the best next steps, we’ll send you a short application and a document request via DocuSign.
Even long-standing construction business owners need a partner who can provide financial benefits and support in the current market. Capital loans are always more effective than traditional business loans. You have to pay an immense amount in conventional business loans as the interest and your time are also very limited. Tremendous flexibility is that you do not have to pay the extra fees for the processing.
- Quick Business Loans Are Easier to Obtain Than Ever Before
- 5 Different Ways to Raise Capital for Your Business Without a Loan
- Help Your Business By Choosing The Right Loans: Tips to Keep Your Business Afloat
- Is a Personal Loan a Good Idea for My Business?
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John of Damascus as a contextual example of identity formation in Early Islam
A study of the identity-formation process that the Christians of Syria-Palestine experienced during the Umayyad Caliphate. It approaches this subject by using John of Damascus and his writings on Islam as a case-study. This provides an exhaustive study of the available historical data in order to stimulate some further thought on John of Damascus’s theology and legacy from a contextual and intercultural methodology. Such an examination has not yet been pursued in the scholarship of Byzantine Christianity during that era. Proceeding from a centralizing ‘context’, the monograph revisits John of Damascus’s legacy (and the Umayyad Christians’ identity-formation of that era) from the perspective of his historical, Islamic-Arabic context, and not from any assumed, metanarrative, common to contemporary pro-Byzantine theology scholars.
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Our Approach to Child Care
Learning Junction is a private, non-profit child care in Casper. Our goal is to provide high quality child care within our community. In order to create a happy, secure and educational environment for our children, we have committed ourselves to employing professional individuals and maintaining small group sizes. Our rooms are large and well equipped with a wide variety of age appropriate toys. In all our classrooms, our teachers plan thematic units of developmentally appropriate activities for their children. Above all, we try to provide personal, caring services to meet the unique needs of each child and each parent we encounter.
The Tenderest Age
The Infant Room is designed for 8 infants, ages 6 weeks to 14 months. The infant teachers use their warm hearts and caring hands to offer lots of tender loving care. The teachers strive to nurture each child and meet their individual needs. They strive to give each child one on one attention each and every day.
We one year olds have walking feet, curious hands, and boundless curiosity for exploring – as long as you let us take our blankies, binkies and thumbs along! It takes only 10 of us to keep our teachers hopping all day long. We eat our meals together around a table like big people and do lots of fun activities designed just for us. We have a separate napping area right next to our play room because we can’t seem to agree on the best time for naps!
We’re some of the smartest, most talkative two year olds around. We keep all of Learning Junction’s staff smiling. Our teachers are very fun (and very patient). We have a new theme in our class every one or two weeks, with different toys, hands-on art and science projects, and interesting books to go with it. Our "preschool" is almost like the big kids’, but better because it’s planned just for us.
The Preschool has space for 20 children, ages three to four years. Our teachers work together as a team, coming up with great new themes each week. We get to go on a few field trips, make neat artwork, and even cook our own food sometimes. For circle time we get together and check the weather, find the date on the calendar, and sing some fun songs. The rest of the time we get to choose what center we want to play at! We also get to play outside a lot on our cool playground.
The pre-kindergarten class is on their way to kindergarten in the Fall. Our teacher has tons of activities planned for us. We keep busy going on field trips and doing fun craft activities. We are learning our letters and how to write our name, so that we will be ready for school.
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- Designed for storage of long goods (timber, pipes, profiles, packed chipboard plates, etc.).
- Direct access to each load cell.
- Increased efficiency of warehouse operations.
Advantages of IMVO cantilever racking:
- Wide range of sizes depending on height and load.
- Single- and double-sided options.
- Option with a roof for outdoor installation.
- 100 mm cantilever pitch.
- Stable and reliable construction.
- Polymeric coating and hot zinc coating.
- Specification of accessories for any kind of storage technologies.
- Design and production of construction elements, which adapt cantilever shelving for storing special goods.
Cantilever racks are metal constructions designed for storing of long and/or bulky cargo. This type of racking systems is used in shops or warehouses for storage of rolled metal, lumber, sheet material, profiles of various types, etc.
Unlike shelving or pallet racks, cantilever racking has no front racks. This allows to handle a variety of goods of any length. Tiered construction allows to store large amount of products even in small spaces. This provides direct access to each product unit. Cantilever racks are handled from the front. Products are available in single-and double-sided versions.
Constructive elements of cantilever rack: support stands, holding consoles and the basis. Screeds (tensioners with lanyards) and crosslinks give additional stiffness to the system. Assembling of the rack is carried out by using bolts, that makes it easier to disassembly the construction and to install it at the new location. Products are available in single-and double-sided versions.
Double-sided cantilever rack allows to handle cargoes from both sides, single-sided racks has one side only. Double-sided racks are installed to have access from both sides, single-sided racks are established right up against the wall. Cantilever racks withstand heavy loads, but bilateral construction is more stable as is loaded on both sides, creating a balance.
Single-sided storage racks are fixed to the wall, so the maximum load is less. For optimum selection of cantilever rack we have to know the dimensions of cargo, its weight and maximum lift height. Racks can increase the functionality after using of additional elements. For loading of cargo, which can slide down, the console can be fitted with limiters. It's also possible to equip cantilever racks with deckings. It allows to use them as shelvings to store any goods.
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Shingles, also known as herpes zoster, is a painful rash caused by a reactivation of the chickenpox virus in the body. If you have a history of chickenpox, you can develop shingles. People with shingles can develop post-herpetic neuralgia where the rash is gone, but the pain persists. The virus varicella-zoster (VZV) will mostly remain dormant in the nerves of many healthy people. The risk of the virus being reactivated and developing into shingles increases if you have a weak or compromised immune system and age. Older people are more likely to develop shingles. Research on the subject also shows that a shingles recurrence can also happen to healthy people without some of the above-mentioned risk factors. According to experts, the rate of shingle recurring is surprisingly high. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one out of three people in the united state gets affected by shingles.
The reactivated virus (VZV) can cause a stripe of blisters or a band of rashes, often after three to five days after other symptoms such as fever, headaches, chills, itchiness, sensitivity to light, stomach upset, severe pain, numbness, burning sensation, fatigue or redness of the skin. What specifically causes the reactivation of the virus in some people is still not yet known, and more research is still being undertaken on the subject though stress can be a factor. Ten percent of people who get chickenpox at an earlier period in their life are likely to later develop shingles. Cancer treatment example Radiation and chemotherapy medications can weaken your immune and trigger shingles.
The virus-causing Shingles can be spread through a direct exchange of fluid with a person having the virus or suffering from chickenpox. If you have shingles, stay away from people who haven’t had a chickenpox vaccine or never suffered from chickenpox. If you have blisters, try to have your rash covered to avoid skin-to-skin contact with a non-infected person since you can easily infect them with chickenpox. The varicella-zoster virus is highly contagious. A person suffering from shingles is contagious until the blister and skin rash has crusted.
You can be diagnosed with shingles based on the physical appearance of your skin rash and blisters observed by a dermatologist how the rash is distributed on the person’s skin. The rashes from shingles are usually on one side of the body. A laboratory swab of the blister fluid can also be used to diagnose shingles by checking if the varicella-zoster virus is present. Your doctor can also assess your experience of pain on one side of your body.
There is still no known viable cure for shingles. The only way to protect yourself is by prevention through vaccination. The vaccine is shown to be more effective on older adults of age sixty and above. The vaccine does not guarantee zero shingle infection. It goes a long way to reducing the duration and severity of the shingles disease and lowers your chances of having post-herpetic neuralgia. Early treatment is crucial for preventing complications and giving you a quick recovery. If you have been diagnosed with shingles, you can be given an antiviral medication such as acyclovir, Anticonvulsants such as Neurontin, cream, patch, or gel with numbing effects lidocaine patch, carbamazepine or capsaicin, and other nerve pain medications.
Antivirals and nerve pain medication effectively reduce the symptoms and shorten the duration of the condition, but they are not the only form of shingle treatment. Natural treatments and remedies are also available and just as effective and with fewer side effects that go with their use during treatment or even after. For example, if you have an allergic reaction to the antivirals and nerve pain medication. Taking a shower and bath to clean the skin rash and blister helps prevent infection to other areas. Daily baths also help in dealing with the pain and reduce itchiness caused by blisters and skin rash. Be sure to avoid hot water as it can worsen the itch of the rashes and blister.
Lotions, gel, and cream can help make you comfortable and help reduce your irritation and itching. Using a lotion or cream with capsaicin, a natural anti-inflammation substance, or calamine lotion to help dry out blisters. Lotions should also be used in the right amount and unscented to avoid further irritation. A good cream that is best for shingles has a 99% efficacy approval and no recorded or reported side effects. It will also have strong healing ingredients that immediately calm inflammation and relieve itching and the discomfort caused by blisters and rashes on your skin. One such ointment is EmuaidMax, as evidenced by the many good reviews of EmuaidMax.
Maintaining a good healthy balanced diet is also very important since this boosts your immune system and prevents the further spread of rashes on your skin. It also promotes a speedy recovery since general body health will heal and recuperate faster. Avoid foodstuff with high sugar content and saturated fat. Natural supplements can also aid you with the right vitamins to help your body heal and recover. It is advisable to get a diagnosis from a certified dermatologist since many diseases and medical conditions may be taken for shingles, such as measles. If symptoms also persist, seek professional medical advice.
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I have been wanting to create a collection of paintings for some time, that extend beyond aesthetics alone. By adding symbols to the picture, it could enhance the overall appearance, lead the composition and generally add more interest to the painting.
This was to be my first endeavour into adding narrative to a painting for sometime. For guidance I started to look at Tarot, not because I wanted to read someones fortune specifically, I liked that some of the symbolism was routed in a history that stemmed beyond the tarot; for example, chalices and vessels can depict fertility, and female reproduction across many different cultures and religions.
There are four so far in the collection. So here goes, here are the narratives, see what you think?
The Fool With The Fox
The character in this painting takes inspiration from the tarot card, The Fool. Not to be mistaken as foolish or lacking good sense or judgement.
This fool is typified by their adolescence. The Fool represents new beginnings, having faith in the future, being inexperienced, not knowing what to expect, having beginner’s luck. Behaviours we expect from our children as they strive for adulthood.
This fool has a guide, represented here as the fox. This fox, we associate with being cunning and sly, however, taken in a more positive vain, it represents creativity and problem solving.
The red feather carries the meaning of love and hope, happiness, general positivity.
He’s surrounded by trees which are considered representative of life, wisdom, power and prosperity.
The “Fool” is derived from the Latin “follis” meaning a “bag of wind”. The little pouch that hangs from his waste is a little play on this. The pouch represents his individual, airy nature.
All of these elements help to build the narrative in this painting. The beautiful enthusiasm of adolescence, the desire to become fiercely independent and the blind belief that they know everything and there’s nothing to learn from experience.
The Play of Light and Shadows
What does this painting remind you of? Maybe a little bit of Peter Pan, as he stands boldly, cheeky face, yielding his little dagger.
The strong shadow is very reminiscent of the story of Pan, desperate to be reunited with his own again.
While traditionally the darkness we associate with shadows could represent sadness and fear. Shadows only really exist when light is present. The light awakens the shadow and light represents happiness. However one cannot exist without the other, and it’s this dichotomy that children learn from a very early age. How can one experience happiness if one has never known sadness?
This painting shares it’s narrative with the other ones in this collection. It’s about the journey through childhood. The objects within it, are designed to highlight some of this child’s idiosyncrasies of this child. The red feather he carries, means love and
hope, happiness and general positivity. While the little dagger portrays courage and ambition. The little white dog is his companion and guide to help direct him on his journey.
With Grace (Jasmine)
In this painting, this subject holds a glass vase, this is purposeful, it’s like a cup or a chalice. There are many interpretations for this vessel historically in paintings, particularly around fertility, and female reproduction. However, in this painting it is used to convey the notion of growth and development.
Luscious plants and flowers surround her representing her connection to Mother Earth and the small rabbits that rest near her lap also emphasise a compassionate, nurturing soul.
Much of the imagery portrays this as a motherly figure, yet she’s clearly an adolescent. Therefore it becomes more about expectations and accountability – the role they play in the future. She takes on these responsibilities with grace and virtue.
This painting is loosely based on the tarot card Temperance. It’s depicted as a person pouring liquid from one receptacle into another. The person is a winged person/angel, usually female or androgynous, and stands with one foot on water and one foot on land.
The two vessels represent harmony between the spiritual and the material worlds. The composition is supposed to represent patience, moderation, understanding and compromise.
Get in touch
Enquire about a commissioned portrait, a custom painting or ask about one of the paintings in the ‘To Buy’ section of the website.
07779 271219 | firstname.lastname@example.org
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Philippines landslide death toll at 1,800
Updated: 2006-02-19 10:57
Rescue workers held little hope Saturday of finding more survivors from a
devastating landslide that killed an estimated 1,800 people, saying this farming
village in the eastern Philippines was swallowed whole by a wall of mud and
An aerial view
shows Saturday, Feb. 18, 2006, the extent of the landslide that buried the
whole village of Guinsaugon, St. Bernard town in Southern Leyte province
in central Philippines. Rescuers pulled out five more bodies Saturday
bringing the death toll to 20 and injuries to 30 others. Officials
estimate those who perished in the landslide to be 1,800.
The search was focusing on an
elementary school amid unconfirmed reports that relatives of some of the 250
children and teachers had received cell phone text messages from survivors.
On Saturday, 11 other villages in the area were evacuated out of fear of
further landslides. Guinsaugon, on the southern part of Leyte island, has been
swamped with 27 inches of rain over the last two weeks.
The U.S. military dispatched two warships and 1,000 Marines to the area.
Many blamed persistent rains and illegal logging for Friday's disaster.
The logging "stopped around 10 years ago," Roger Mercado, a member of
Congress who represents the area, told Manila radio station DZBB. "But this is
the effect of the logging in the past."
Soldiers were being shuttled to the disaster zone in the shovels of
bulldozers that carried them across a shallow stream. With the mud estimated at
30 feet deep at some points, they were given sketches of the village so they
could figure out approximately where the houses once stood.
Farnacio estimated the death toll at about 1,800 ¡ª nearly every man, woman
and child who lived in Guinsaugon, about 400 miles east of the capital, Manila.
Some "1,800 are feared dead," a grim Farnacio said as search efforts resumed
Saturday in a drenching rain and high winds.
Only 57 survivors have been found ¡ª none so far Saturday ¡ª out of a
population of 1,857. At least 24 bodies have been pulled from the mud, and a
child who was rescued died overnight from head injuries.
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RHPL’S Lucoter Capsule is an herbal remedies which is very useful in the treatment of leucorrhoea and suitable for all kinds of female problems. Lucoter capsule “Brings back the joys of womanhood”.
Function of main ingredients
- Kasni: It is beneficial in relieving sluggishness of the liver, biliary stasis, jaundice, enlargement of spleen and torpidity of the liver.
- Bhuiamla: This herb is used to relieve problems of the liver as well as the kidney. It is known to be useful for relieving Hepatitis A, jaundice, asthma, bronchial infection, liver cirrhosis, urinary system ailments and viral hepatitis.
- Makoi: It used for treatment of many ailments such as inflammation, pain, liver diseases,
- Pittapapra: It is used as a laxative, diuretic and suggests that it benefits those with hepatobiliary disorders.
- Daruhaldi: It is known to be a bitter tasting tonic that is prescribed in chronic cases of jaundice.
- Jhavuka: As a laxative, it is beneficial in the treatment of constipation.
- Kutki: It is an indigenous medicine that is a bitter tonic which is a powerful laxative, a liver stimulant, laxative, appetite stimulator and a febrifuge.
- Kalmegh: It is to be effective in the treatment of liver and gall bladder conditions such as viral hepatitis, jaundice, drug-induced liver damage, liver congestion and sluggish liver.
- Punarnava: It helps in improving the liver functioning and also the respiratory health and maintains health of the urinary tract.
- Arjuna: It inhibits secretion of Hepatitis B surface antigens proving its effectiveness for hepatic conditions.
- Harad: It is anti-inflammatory and astringent in nature and it is also helpful in urinary tract infections.
- Biranjaspha: It to relieve problems like heartburn, flatulence and colic. Fresh juice taken thrice a day can aid the digestive system and relieve gastric ailments.
- Jeera: It is a strong aromatic and stimulant herb which is used to calm spasms of the uterus and gastric tract. And also used to relieve gas, indigestion and colic in infants.
- Sonth: Its extremely useful herb is used to relieve patients suffering from dyspepsia, flatulence, vomiting, spasms, colic and other stomach problems.
- Kalimirch: It is considered to be an effective stimulant, laxative, stomache as well as a carminative
- Boost liver systems
- Promotes appetite, digestion and weight gain
- Stimulates and improve liver function.
- Regenerate liver cells and protects liver from hepato-toxins drugs (Due to alcohol, drug and smoking)
- Helps in prolonged illness and convalescence and reduce fat accumulation in the liver
For Children: 1 Tea spoon twice or thrice a day,
For Adult: 2 Tea spoon twice or thrice a day or as directed by the physician
- 1x10 capsule strip pack
- Other ingredients also used as supported medicine to relieve problems of the liver, respiratory health and urinary system. And also used to relieve gas, indigestion and colic in infants.
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What is CT Colonography or Virtual Colonoscopy?
CT Colonography also called virtual colonoscopy is a diagnostic technique for the large intestines to detect the presence of cancer, polyps, or other abnormal formations. The test is conducted by exclusive X-ray equipment, involving the insertion of an appropriate tube in the colon, which is expanded by the administration of inflation gas. After that, CT images of the intestines and rectum are obtained.
How is CT Colonography different from a CT Scan and a conventional colonoscopy?
We all have heard about the CAT Scan or CT Scan; it is a medical imaging diagnostic test that utilizes the application of x-rays to produce images of the inside of the body.
Although, CT Scan is different from your traditional x-ray test. In an x-ray, the equipment used for diagnosis is less complex and the rays are useful to identify the dense tissues of the body, which are bones. Whereas, in a CT Scan the patient is placed on a bed and is rotated through the scanner, where high-intensity radiations are passed, with the ability to detect even the delicate parts of the body like blood vessels and tissues are detected, and can be produced as images.
These images are viewed on a computer as 3D images, can be printed, and even reformatted in multiple planes.
So, how do a CT Scan and a colonoscopy relate to each other? CT Colonography is a similar diagnostic procedure as a CT scan in which the patient is passed through a radiation scanner, and the large intestines of the patient are studied in the procedure, which was otherwise only possible through invasive procedures.
When is CT Colonography performed?
- When an intestinal blockage is suspected, virtual colonoscopy is performed to detect the presence of a tumour or a polyp.
- A virtual colonoscopy may also be performed when a conventional colonoscopy is ineffective or is potential for injury to the injury.
- When a patient denies a traditional colonoscopy.
What is the principle behind Virtual Colonoscopy?
As we previously discussed, CT Colonography involves the patients being passed through specially designed equipment emitting x-ray radiations. Each body part, organ, and system will absorb radiations of only a specific value. Bones are identified as white on the x-ray, organs are identified as grey and the hollow space is identified in dark.
During a virtual Colonoscopy, the body rotates on the diagnosis field, passing through the scanners; the radiation detectors present, detect and emit the information, displayed on a monitor in the form of 2D images and 3D models.
The data is interpreted by an interventional radiologist, who gives their inference on the diagnosis. If an abnormal growth is detected through the scan, necessary measures are taken, to find out whether the growth is a polyp or cancer.
What are the benefits of Virtual Colonoscopy?
- CT Colonography is a non-invasive process that is very effective when it comes to detecting even minor growths in the colon.
- The procedure is ideal for patients who suffer from anxiety disorders, bleeding disorders, or other issues that may flare up, like hemorrhoids or fissure.
- Conventional colonoscopy is not possible when bowel obstruction is present, CT Colonography is the only alternative in such cases.
- Virtual colonoscopy is not only useful in detecting abnormalities in the colon, the diagnostic procedure can also detect malignancy in other organs and also abdominal aortic aneurysms.
What are the risk factors when it comes to CT Colonography?
- Exposure to radiation is risky business. Although the radiation dose for each individual may vary, it is determined before the procedure by radiologists after a thorough study of the patient’s profile.
- CT Colonography is a risky procedure for pregnant women, posing threat to the fetus.
How should you prepare for a CT Colonography?
- As per the standard procedure, you will be asked to restrict your diet to fluids a day before your procedure.
- You will also be asked to take an oral laxative the night before the procedure so that you empty your bowels. Laxatives like mucilage supplements, fiber supplements, magnesium citrate, or polyethylene glycol are commonly prescribed pre-procedure medications.
- Many hospitals will ask you to come in for the procedure on an empty stomach and administer you an enema just before the procedure, to make sure that your bowel is empty and it doesn’t interfere with the test.
- In case you are allergic to contrast media, then you will be given medication for it with instructions.
- A patient can face discomfort when they are anxious and this causes involuntary motion in their colon. To arrest colonic motion, an IV/IM dose of hyoscine-N-butylbromide, an antimuscarinic drug is given.
Important Note: If you are on a certain medication, E.g., blood pressure medications, liver meds, blood thinners, medications that might affect your intestinal flora, then it is your duty to inform your doctor, to avoid any unwanted interactions.
How is the procedure carried out?
The technician will place on the CT exam table, positioning as per SOP. You will be lying flat on your back, your head rested against a pillow for comfort. Sometimes patients are strapped around their waist or lower body to maintain the desired position.
The next step involves pumping of air or carbon dioxide in the patient’s rectum, done by the gradual insertion of a flexible tube, two inches into the rectal cavity. Air is pumped so as to inflate the colon, easing the way for a comfortable CT colonography, and also hide wrinkles within the intestines, which hide the polyps.
What next? The table along with the patient is passed through the scanner, emitting x-rays. The patient might be required to change positions as directed by the radiologist. Once facing upwards, and other times face down on the bed. This allows for all-round scanning of the body and more scope for a virtual colonoscopy this way.
What equipment consists of a CT colonography system?
Scanner: This is a doughnut-shaped machine exhibiting an opening in the center through which the bed passes.
X-ray tube and detectors: These are separate formations opposite to each other present on a ring-like structure called the gantry. The detector detects the x-ray radiations absorbed by the body and transmits the information to the monitor.
Computer: The computer itself consists of the monitor, on which the information is transmitted and is interpreted in the form of 2D and 3D images.
Does CT Colonography cause pain?
A CT or virtual colonography is rarely considered painful because it is a non-invasive procedure. Patients might feel slight discomfort because of air pumped in their rectal cavity and an inflated colon.
How and when do you get your test results?
A radiologist is a person who oversees your CT colonoscopy, the radiologist is also the person who will interpret your results. You may receive reports of your results immediately after you are done with your tests. You might also be required to wait for a couple of days before your results are posted to you.
Will I have to do a conventional colonoscopy after doing a virtual colonography?
That depends on your diagnosis results. In case an abnormal growth in your colon is detected through the virtual colonoscopy, you will have to undergo the traditional colonoscopy, to identify the abnormality. If polyps are present, they will be removed in-process during colonoscopy.
Is CT Colonography safe?
The colonic perforation rate when it comes to virtual or CT colonography lies between 0.005% to 0.03%. This is less when compared to risks posed by conventional colonoscopy, which according to studies is placed between 0.06% to 0.19%.
What is the cost of the procedure?
The total cost of the procedure is between $330 to $1080, which is non-inclusive of other necessary and related fees.
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Trond Hugo Haugen / Ka då ittepå?
Tou Scene / Cafe Sting, Stavanger
Political/community art project
This is the definite end of "Ka då ittepå?" (What then afterwards?), the artist initiated project that started as a reaction and correction to the Stavanger European Cultural Capital 2008, and ended up as an established part of the political and cultural scene of Stavanger.
"Ka då ittepå" as a political project:
As Stavanger in 2005 was selected to becoming European Cultural Capital in 2008, the process of choosing the profile and content started. At the same time artist Trond Hugo Haugen started asking questions about this, especially about the desired long-term effects of the 2008. Would the cultural activities only happen in 2008, or could that year rather be used for building up the cultural environment for the future?
The "Ittepå" movement soon became an established movement. Haugen was soon considered being THE critical voice before, during and after Stavanger 2008. The project led to political decisions for the art field, whether it was through direct of indirect influence. Establishments for maintaining the cultural life after 2008 were soon dubbed "Ittepå", like "Ittepå-fondet" (the afterwards found) and "Ittepå-sjefen" (the administrative head of the culture department).
At Cafe Sting: Portraits of Cecilie Bjelland and Cathrine Sagen Helgø. One of these two will rule as Stavanger's mayor the next four years, having a strong impact on the art scene.
Update: The election is over, and Cathrine Sagen Helgø will be the new mayor in town.
"Ka då ittepå" as an art project:
"Ka då ittepå" could also be viewed as a community art project, involving artists, media, politicians and the public in general. This makes "Ka då ittepå" the largest and most influential art project in the Stavanger area as far as I am aware of.
The project has activized politicians into becoming aware of the time after 2008, competing of becoming the most creative and positive in improving the cultural scene. The artists have been activized in using "Ka då ittepå" as a channel to reach both politicians and the public. The public has been involved by getting more information about the art scene and the political processes. And the media has been activized into asking critical questions about and covering the art scene after 2008. The project has even established the rather marginal dialect word "Ittepå" into a common word in public discourse.
At Tou Scene: This is not nourishment / business (word play in Norwegian, "næring" means both nourishment and business) Playing on the Stavanger Business Union leader's words during 2008: "Business is art and art is business. What would otherwise be the value of it?"
The end of "Ka då ittepå":
The activities on this final day of the "Ittepå"-project were contemplating the present state of the art scene, and mapping the political terrain now short time before the local elections. We are now not in Afterwards-time anymore, we are in the time After Afterwards. The art life is back to normal, or rather in a new normality.
It might not be the last we hear about "Ka då ittepå", though. The project was also called "Stavanger 2018" as a contrast to the original "Stavanger 2008". I would not be surprised if there will be a happening in 2018. And anyway, Trond Hugo Haugen is now working on a book to document the process. I am looking forward to it.
other "Ittepå"-walls at Sting: http://www.stavanger2018.no/stvg/ittepa_ittepa_sting.html
Ka då ittepå: http://www.stavanger2018.no/
At Tou Scene: This is possible
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Micro-poration is a painless method of transferring medication through the skin.
The latest invention called micro-poration is a painless method of transferring medication (intraepidermal) into the body using laser technology. It is an alternative to injecting a needle.
A handheld laser creates micro pores in the epidermis of the skin for the transfer of molecules.
This device delivers medication and vaccinations directly through the skin.
As an alternative to injecting a needle, micro –poration is a painless method of transferring medication. This new technology is painless to use and requires no supervision to administer. The interfaced controls regulate the dosage.
The interfaced controls regulate the dosage.
This invention is useful for people who are afraid of needles thus scared of injections and vaccinations.
Conventional needles needs to be disposed after being injected in someone’s skin to avoid infection. This lead to wastage of needle after use. This kind of method can help reduces wastage of needles.
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The analysis of human remains provides a lot of information about a person’s past, as well as the period in which they live in. This talk covers how forensic anthropologists analyse human skeletons to help identify the dead from mass disasters and mass grave scenarios in particular.
Dr Nicholas Marquez-Grant is Senior Lecturer in Forensic Anthropology at Cranfield University and one of only a few practicing forensic anthropologies in the UK. He has helped the police in many forensic cases in England and Wales.
To register for this talk and a tour of the exhibitions at Wolfson College as part of the Oxford Human Rights Festival 2022 please book via the link above.
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https://www.ox.ac.uk/event/how-forensic-anthropologists-help-identify-missing-human-rights-investigations
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News on Monday that Mark Zuckerberg, co-founder and CEO of Facebook, and therefore one of the most tech-savvy people living on planet Earth, has been hacked, should be a wake-up call for everyone using multiple web services with the same password.
In 2012, LinkedIn was hacked and 117 million passwords compromised and it turns out one of them was Zuckerberg's. Someone going by the name of OurMine Team found his details and used them on other social media platforms where he had an account and this gave them access to Zuckerberg's Twitter feed and Pinterest. How? Because he's used the same password for all three. It's called password recycling and it is rule number one in the book of things not to do if you don't want your digital life hijacked.
However, inventing unique yet easy to remember non-dictionary-word password for every web service in your life is an impossible task.
According to Global Web Index, the average adult with web access now has 6.5 separate social media accounts alone. That's before email, online retail, digital services like Uber and so on. Back in 2013 it was estimated that the average web user was juggling passwords for 26 different services.
Fortunately, the biggest and best tech companies feel your pain and of course know that every hack dents their reputation and therefore bottom line. Google, Apple, Facebook, Twitter, Yahoo, LinkedIn and Microsoft (plus many more) all offer two-factor authentication. It combines what you know with what you have, in order to gain access. Usually this means having to enter a code — sent as a text message to a user's phone — as well as a password when logging in.
All web users should activate 2FA wherever it's offered but for extra protection and for situations where the option doesn't exist a password manager is the way to go. Those that prefer Macs to PCs will have noticed that Apple has integrated a free password management tool into its latest operating system.
It can create fiendishly difficult logins for any number of sites, automatically store and manage them safely. However, there are also a host of operating system agnostic services out there, such as LastPass and 1Password that work with mobile and desktop and once signed up, all users need is to create one unique password for accessing that account and the password manager will take care of everything else. Even when using someone else's computer. Navigate to the site, log in, and then the tool will allow you access to your regular web services.
If all of this sounds like too much — but increasing evidence shows that it isn't — there are still very simple steps anyone can take. Don't use words found in the dictionary to create a password, and if you must recycle never use the password for your main email account for your main bank account. Think about setting up an email address specifically for those times when you need to register for a service that is only going to be used from time to time — booking a cheap flight, accessing a business's recruitment pages, etc.
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https://egyptindependent.com/how-not-get-hacked-mark-zuckerberg/
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gflux [-display host:display.screen] [-window] [-root] [-install] [-visual visual] [-delay microseconds] [-squares num] [-resolution num] [-mode mode] [-flat num] [-speed num] [-rotationx num] [-rotationy num] [-rotationz num] [-waves num] [-waveChange num] [-waveHeight num] [-waveFreq num] [-zoom num] [-wireframe] [-fps]
The gflux program draws a colourfull animated rippling square rotating in 3D space.
gflux accepts the following options:
Draw on a newly-created window. This is the default.
Draw on the root window.
Install a private colormap for the window.
- -visual visual
Specify which visual to use. Legal values are the name of a visual class, or the id number (decimal or hex) of a specific visual.
- -squares num
Specifies the size of the grid in squares. default 19
- -resolution num
Specifies the wireframe detail of the squares. default 4
- -mode mode
Specifies the draw method: wireframe; solid (meaning a solid colored surface); light (same as solid, but with lighting effects); checker (a texture-mapped checkerboard pattern); or grab (meaning grab an image to manipulate.)
When grabbing images, the image will be grabbed from the portion of the screen underlying the window, or from the system's video input, or from a random file on disk, as indicated by the grabDesktopImages, grabVideoFrames, and chooseRandomImages options in the ~/.xscreensaver file; see xscreensaver-settings(1) for more details.
Same as "-mode wire".
- -flat num
0 for smooth shading 1 for flat. default 0
- -speed num
Specifies speed of ripples flowing over the surface. default 0.05
- -rotationx num -rotationy num -rotationz num
Specifies the speed of rotation of the surface in these axis
- -waves num
Specifies the number of ripple centres at any one time. Values should be greater than 1. default 3
- -waveChange num
Specifies the duration of a ripple centre. after this they fade away to be reborn elsewhere with a different frequency. default 50
- -waveHeight num
Specifies the height of ripples on the surface. default 1.0
- -waveFreq num
Specifies the maximum frequency of ripples. default 3.0
- -zoom num
Specifies the size of the viewport. Smaller values fill the screen with rippling surface. default 1.0
- -delay microseconds
How long to pause between frames. Default is 20000, or 0.02 second.
Display the current frame rate, CPU load, and polygon count.
to get the default host and display number.
to get the name of a resource file that overrides the global resources stored in the RESOURCE_MANAGER property.
X(1), xscreensaver(1) xscreensaver-settings(1), xscreensaver-getimage(6x)
Copyright © 2000 by Josiah Pease. Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation. No representations are made about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.
Josiah Pease <firstname.lastname@example.org>, 10-Jun-2000.
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https://www.mankier.com/6/gflux
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The Holocaust was not about race
All stages have been completed. The voting points distribution and the result are presented below.
With 2 votes and 2 points ahead, the winner is ...
- Publication date
- Last update date
- Time for argument
- Three days
- Voting system
- Open voting
- Voting period
- One week
- Point system
- Winner selection
- Rating mode
- Characters per argument
Please argue in the spirit of which the debate was intended, and I will do the same.
Full resolution. "HItler's main motivation for the holocaust was most likely not because of his racism"
While I won't overtly forbid kritics on this topic, let's avoid ones where we don't address the topic at hand, such as arguing the holocaust did not happen, because it would harm the spirit of this debate.
“The Hitler ofthis episode belies the common misconception that he was a primitive,raging, and nihilistic dark elemental force. Rather, he was a manwith an emerging deep understanding of how political processes,systems, and the public sphere worked. His study of propagandatechniques while serving in World War I had provided him with anappreciation for political narratives that would help him plot hisway to power.”“Hisautobiography-in-disguise repeatedly uses biblical language, arguingthat the book should “become the new bible of today as well as the‘Book of the German People.’” It also directly compares Hitlerto Jesus, likening the purported moment of his politicization inPasewalk to Jesus’s resurrection:“This man, destined to eternal night, who during this hourendured crucifixion on pitiless Calvary, who suffered in body andsoul; one of the most wretched from among this crowd of brokenheroes: this man’s eyes shall be opened! Calm shall be restored tohis convulsed features. In the ecstasy that is only granted to thedying seer, his dead eyes shall be filled with new light, newsplendor, new life!”
“If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people willeventually come to believe it.”
“During the late 1920s and early 1930s, Germany was experiencinggreat economic and social hardship. ......defeated inthe First World War, and had been forced to pay huge reparations tothe Allies. As a result, Germany suffered terrible inflation and massunemployment”
“In the early twentieth century, a dense corporate network wascreated among thelarge German corporations ("Germany Inc."). About 16% ofthe members of thiscorporate network were of Jewish background. At the center of thenetwork (biglinkers) about 25% were Jewish. The percentage of Jews in thegeneral populationwas less than 1% in 1914”
“The economic necessity of maintaining a separate culture hasmeant not only social separation but also resentments of thatseparation by the surrounding community—resentments that couldeasily be whipped up to political hostility or outright violence bysuitably talented demagogues. “
“Since survival in office depends upon maintaining the supportof thewinning coalition, leaders pick the policies that their supportersprefer”
“Thousands of men of Jewish descent and hundreds of what the Nazis called ‘full Jews’ served in the military with Hitler’s knowledge. The Nazis allowed these men to serve but at the same time exterminated their families,” Rigg said. [10 Jewish Generals]"Hitler was very often photographed with children for propaganda purposes. The shocking thing about this piece is it seems he had a genuine affinity for the young girl. It is thought that when he discovered Rosa had the same birthday, he invited Rosa and her mother Karoline up to the house - where these photographs were taken.Not long afterwards, it was discovered that Karoline's mother had been Jewish, making Rosa Jewish in the eyes of the Nazi state. [Jewish girl ]Whenever we hear the name Adolph Hitler, the first thing that comes to mind is his anti-semitic views that led to the genocide of millions of Jewish people in Europe. He was a dictator, a madman, and a mass murderer. When the Nazis started occupying other nations in Europe and persecuting the Jews, one Jewish physician, together with his family, was spared from the horrors of the Holocaust. Adolf Hitler was their protector... Adolf was only eighteen-years-old then, and his family was part of the impoverished class. Consequently, they could not afford expensive medical treatments for his mother. Despite that, Dr. Bloch was very understanding. He usually charged less, sometimes even not charging his usual fee. And because of this, Adolf swore his “everlasting gratitude” to the Jewish doctor who helped them in their difficult times. [Edourd Bloch]
- Real Hitler
"PRO is mistaken in claiming that Hitler was secretly pro-jewish or that his motivation for the hollocaust was something else than racism. Let PRO's own sources speak"
"Hitler was a human being like anyone else. When he got to know someone personally and formed an emotional bond with them, he could not get himself to hate them."
- Selectorate Theory
"no evidence supports the notion that Hitler privately loved the Jews and only orchestrated their genocide in an attempt to appease his own cult."
Selectorate theory explains why leaders take the actions they do,particularly autocratic leaders such as Adolph Hitler. The theory has been tested by looking at regimes from the last 100 years. These leaders have first and foremost a desire to stay in power, as these types of leaders are usually executed if they fail to remain in power. Selctorate theory explains that Hitler’s main motivation was to stay in power.“Since survival in office depends upon maintaining the support of thewinning coalition, leaders pick the policies that their supporters prefer”
"PRO tries to de-racify Hitlers hate towards the Jews by supporting his view of their position in German society. He claims the Jewish people were too powerfull and successfull - thus their genocide was not based on race."
"The economic necessity of maintaining a separate culture has meant not only social separation but also resentments of that separation by the surrounding community—resentments that could easily be whipped up to political hostility or outright violence by suitably talented demagogues. “
Hitler had a racist world view. Hitler believed that Jews were particularly destructive to the German ‘Aryan’ race, and did not have any place in Nazi Germany.
The reputation of the Nazi police and the secret police lead by Himmler was such that no-one wished to cause offence. People kept their thoughts to themselves unless they wished to invite trouble. In this sense, Nazi Germany was a nation run on fear of the government. Hitler had created a one party state within months of being appointed chancellor. His only remaining problem from his point of view was loyalty within his own party ranks. In June 1934, he overcame this with the Night of the Long Knives. .
Nazi racial ideology characterized the Jews as Untermenschen (German: “subhumans”). The Nazis portrayed the Jews as a race and not as a religious group. Hitler opposed Jews for the values they brought into the world. Social justice and compassionate assistance to the weak stood in the way of what he perceived as the natural order, in which the powerful exercise unrestrained power. In Hitler’s view, such restraint on the exercise of power would inevitably lead to the weakening, even the defeat, of the master race. [BRITANNICAt]
- Hitler was motivated by his self-made ideology, in which racism was a central pillar.
- Hitler was not motivated by fear of his party, he rarely feared anything. He shared the same motivation as his party, ideological racism.
- Hitler sparing some Jews for personal reasons doesn't show that he loved the jewish race
- Actions speak louder than words, and in Hitlers case, they both tell the same story: Hitler would get no rest before the world was reshaped in accordance with his own passionate racist ideals
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The Irish name for Ards is Na hArda
Ards is on Logainm.ie: Ards.
It is located at 53° 38' 47" N, 7° 50' 55" W.
Ards has an area of:
Nationwide, it is the 16631st largest townland that we know about
Within Co. Longford, it is the 216th largest townland
Ards borders the following other townlands:
Curious to see who lived in Ards in the past? Maybe even seeing scans of their handwritten census returns?
Ards was added to OpenStreetMap on 27 Sep 2012 by PaddyMatthews.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.townlands.ie/longford/moydow/kilcommock/kilcommock/ards/
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Fire code violations have increased in your area over the past 2 years. Local business owners are complaining to city officials about the fines and costs to mitigate the code violations. The chief has asked you to conduct a cost–benefit analysis of fire code compliance. This analysis should provide an overview of non-enforcement versus enforcement of the fire code.
Try to research the number of commercial fires that occur within your jurisdiction, and determine if the fires could have been prevented if fire codes were enforced.
Your analysis should be two to three pages in length and follow APA guidelines. Make sure to use the textbook and at least one scholarly reference to support your statements. The title and reference pages are not included in the page-count requirement.
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https://submityourpapers.com/fire-prevention-and-code-enforcement/
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Module 11: Problems With The Modern Diet
In the past 100 years our diets have shifted dramatically. (From local farm fresh foods to pre-packaged, processed foods)
Today, 60 percent of what we consume falls in the category of processed foods, sugar consumption has skyrocketed, and we are eating the wrong fats for brain health.
As consumers we are constantly bombarded with confusing and often inaccurate information about food and how it impacts our health.
There is no one “right way to eat” – we need to be able to make more informed choices in a modern context
Many people eat a diet that is deficient in several key nutrients that our brains need to function at their best
Multivitamins and supplements can be helpful but they cannot fully replace the nutritional value of whole food. That’s why a “food first” philosophy is the best way to start feeding your mental health.
So what should you be eating? That’s what we’ll be talking about next in Module 12.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://learn.drewramseymd.com/problems-with-the-modern-diet/
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Nail polish can seriously affect our heath, and a recent study has shown that many of the most popular American nail polish brands are actually the extremely harmful.
The study involved 24 women and experts evaluated the effects of the chemical toxins in their bodies. The source of these chemicals was nail polish.
All of the participants were found to have signs of triphenyl phosphate in the body only 10 hours after applying nail polish.
The same researchers, in a follow-up study, evaluated 10 different nail polishes for triphenyl phosphate and found it in 8 of them.
What’s more, two of these 8 did not even list the presence of the chemical on the label. Therefore, 20% of nail polishes we purchase have a harmful chemical that is not listed on the label.
Triphenyl phosphate (or TPHP) is a dangerous chemical that disrupts the humanse endocrine system, which controls all our hormones. According to the lead researcher of the study, Dr. Heather Stapleton, “There is growing evidence suggesting that TPHP may affect hormone regulation, metabolism, reproduction, and development.
Hence, his is extremely alarming for young girls who use nail polish on a daily basis and the healthy hormonal development is vital for their growth. TPHP is a known:
- Neurotoxin (causes developmental effects)
- Reproductive Toxin
- Skin irritant and allergen
- Endocrine Toxin
Nail polish contains other harmful ingredients as well, such as:
Formaldehyde is a popular carcinogen which dissolves in water and air. It leads to asthma, scratchy throat, and difficulty breathing. Individuals suffering from some chronic diseases are especially prone to poisoning from formaldehyde.
This chemical poses the similar risks as TPHP, as it disrupts the hormonal balance and contains reproductive system toxins.
Toluene impedes the development in children and irritates skin.
Yet, there are some natural nail polish alternatives you can use in order to prevent these effects and help you avoid allergies, cancer, and hormone disruption.
These are the best of them:
-Acquarella offers more than 50 polish colors, which are all water-based, meaning that you can remove them effortlessly with standard rubbing alcohol, and don’t contain any of these harmful ingredients like formaldehyde, toluene, dibutyl phthalate, mercury, or wheat products.
-Peacekeeper Cause-Metics offers bright nail polishes, which do not contain toxins and are infused with argan oil, which moisturizes your nails.
-SpaRitual is a completely vegan brand that produces toxin-free nail polishes.
-Honeybee Gardens offers nail polishes in various colors, which are water-based, and are free of carcinogens and harmful chemicals.
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https://therealjournal.com/this-is-what-happens-to-your-body-10-hours-after-putting-on-nail-polish-2/
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For the Joy of Creating: ArtTalk Spotlights Artist and Illustrator Elizabeth Zunon
BY ANDREW OCHAL
February 6, 2021
Elizabeth Zunon is a renowned illustrator who lives and works in Albany, NY. In her own words she loves to, “draw, paint, collage, sew, silkscreen, make jewelry, purses, and ponder the endless possibilities of chocolate!” Zunon recently illustrated “Off to See the Sea” written by Children's Literature Legacy Award-winning author Nikki Grimes. It is a fanciful story where “the faucet flows like a waterfall, the bathroom floor is a distant shore, toy boats sail against the waves. An imagination-fueled adventure on the high seas is just what it takes to get little one clean.”
She has illustrated over 15 acclaimed books including The Boy Who Harnessed the Wind, One Plastic Bag: Isatou Ceesay and the Recycling Women of the Gambia and My Hands Sing the Blues: Romare Bearden's Childhood Journey. She is also the author and illustrator for “Grandpa Cacao: a Tale of Chocolate, from Farm to Family”. A “beautifully illustrated story connects past and present as a girl bakes a chocolate cake with her father and learns about her grandfather harvesting cacao beans in West Africa.”
"...Using several mediums—oil and acrylic paint, cut-paper collage, gel pen, and marker—Zunon employs a layered approach to create vibrant illustrations that wonderfully blend realistic elements with those of the unfolding fantasy. The use of detail, from the softly drawn towel to the rainbow-slicked reflections of the main character in soap bubbles, creates evocative scenes that ping the senses..." - Booklist (starred review)
Completed in August 2018, Zunon created the mural "Geraldine's Reverie" located along Clinton Avenue off-ramp from I-787 and across from the north side of the Quackenbush Garage. She was inspired by the "overall freedom of expression that the arts and entertainment bring to our lives". The mural was done in conjunction with the Albany Center Gallery, Albany Barn and Albany Parking Authority as an effort to inspire, uplift and bring art to the community. To learn more about the talented Elizabeth Zunon check out her website, http://lizzunon.com.
About Elizabeth Zunon:
Elizabeth Zunon was born in Albany, NY and spent her childhood in a hot, sunny, tropical country in West Africa called the Ivory Coast (Cote d'Ivoire), where people speak French (and many other languages). Her mom read my little brother and me a lot of bedtime stories in English after we came home from speaking French all day at school.
“As a little girl, I loved to draw, paint, make up dances and play dress-up, and as I grew up, I didn't really change!” After returning to the United States, Zunon attended the Rhode Island School of Design (RISD) and graduated in June 2006 with a Bachelor of Fine Arts in Illustration. She says her work is largely influenced by her childhood “in the Ivory Coast as the product of two cultures.”
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The latest know-how in soccer was brought by a number of incidents like violent brawls, great stampedes and knock downs and sometimes may result to treacherous battles between avid followers at some soccer matches. Online occasion registration empowers delegates to handle their own registration process – by eradicating occasion managers from this stage, it allows them to focus on more productive areas. The invention of printing press was a major developmental issue in the historical past of academic technology to convey the instruction as per the need of the advanced and advanced-technology cultured society.
Though the manner in which this mannequin contributes to the globalization phenomenon is clear, nonetheless we must consider the truth that the ultimate objective of schooling is not any other then confronting globalization’s results and influences, in addition to the worldwide adverse impression upon environment and, ultimately, upon the way in which individuals reside all over the place.
They’ll also add custom-made fields in these surveys to gather further data which will turn out to be useful in organising better occasions next time. Trendy instructional expertise suggests many extension of Montessori’s thought of prepared baby centered surroundings. At times this leads to surfacing of some data which is not very fascinating by the method owners, leading to resistance at this stage, HR must be once more proactive and carry out a detailed stake-holder analysis.
Verbal communication consists of making small discuss or conversation, sharing jokes, and discussing ideas (equivalent to politics, religion, sports, music, know-how, current events, or every other kind of widespread matter). The time period instructional technology was used as synonyms to audio-visible aids. This year marks the 69th annual Current Strategy Discussion board (CSF) – the capstone tutorial occasion for U.S. Naval Struggle Faculty students.
A fraction of Stone Age folks developed ocean-worthy outrigger canoe ship know-how to migrate from one place to a different across the Ocean, by which they developed their first informal training of knowledge of the ocean currents, climate conditions, sailing practice, astronavigation, and star maps. Aptech Online University and ‘The Manage mentor’ are a few of the Indian websites, which are in this enterprise knowledge management, which is an integral part of any learning group, which cannot grow to be a actuality with out know-how.
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http://techzplus.com/science-technology-and-economic-growth.html
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Birdwatching Tours with Finnature
See which tour operators come to Finland with Finnature
Birdwatching Excursions in Finland
Guided one-day birdwatching excursions in the birding hotspots of Finland
Explore Finland's birds, wildlife and landscapes independently by car
Finland is a dream destination for a birder
Finland is a land of diverse habitats but it is the location that makes it an exciting destination for birdwatching. Being the easternmost country in Europe and one of the most northern in the world, Finland is still accessible for many birders dreaming of seeing exotic northern birds. Location and the variety of habitats produces a truly diverse mixture of very special birds rarely encountered elsewhere in Europe. Furthermore, Finland serves as a gateway to the Arctic, and together Finland and Northern Norway offer some of the best birding north of the Arctic Cirle!
Variable landscapes for birdwatching
Finland’s habitats range from the Baltic Sea to the Siberian Taiga forests, and from the southern lush lands to the barren fell tops in the north. Altogether 478 bird species have been met in Finland, including 240 regularly breeding species – a number not so high yet including the most interesting species. Here, the range of many arctic birds and birds of the eastern Taiga overlap with those of southerly species: Terek Sandpiper, Pallid Harrier, Red-Flanked Bluetail, Blyth’s Reed Warbler, Pine Grosbeak and Little Bunting are just some of the birding highlights found in Finland.
Finland is known for northern Owls
Finland’s biggest attraction are the northern Owls. As many as 10 species of Owls may breed in Finland in a good year. The most spectacular is the Great Grey Owl, followed closely by Ural, Hawk, Boreal and Pygmy Owls. Snowy Owl is an extremely rare breeder and is actually easier to find overwintering in Finland. Owl densities and distributions depend largely on nature’s food supply, voles. Also, regional differences between years are not uncommon either. The birding hotspots in Oulu and Kuusamo are good areas for northern Owls.
The mosaic of vast areas of coniferous forests, peat bogs and mires form large wilderness area for birds to reside. Finland is an important home to a wide range of forest birds: Capercaillie, Black and Hazel Grouse, Black and Three-toed Woodpecker, Parrot Crossbill, Siberian Jay and Siberian Tit all occupy Finland’s forests. Open mires hold Whooper Swan, Common Crane, Broad-billed Sandpiper, Spotted Redshank, Jacksnipe, Yellow Wagtail, and Rustic Bunting, while agricultural landscapes offer homes to Ortolan Bunting and many decreasing birds such as the Eurasian Curlew and Barn Swallow.
Northern Finland offers different birdwatching altogether: the bird species here are adapted to the harsh conditions of northern Mountain Birch forests and barren fell tops. Smew, Dotterel, Ruff, Temminck’s Stint, Rough-legged Buzzard, Willow Grouse, Rock Ptarmigan, Siberian Jay, Siberian Tit and Lapland Bunting are the birding gems of the north.
A gateway to the Arctic
Finland is a gateway to arctic Norway. Together, Finland and Norway form a certainly incredible birding experience. Easily accessible from Finland, Northern Norway is home to a truly long list of arctic bird species. Indeed, the variable landscapes of Varanger Peninsula hold an impressive list of arctic seabirds and tundra species. Thousands and thousands of seabirds nest on the cliffs of the famous bird island of Hornøya, including Atlantic Puffin, Black-legged Kittiwake and Brünnich’s Guillemot. The experience is overwhelming. Elsewhere, Bar-tailed Godwit and Red-necked Phalarope are found on the shores and lakes, while White-billed Diver, King and Steller’s Eiders and Gannet stay on the seaside.
The highlands of Varanger Peninsula offer absolutely wonderful birding. The species diversity here is truly appreciable: Bluethroat, Arctic Redpoll and Willow Grouse occupy the river valleys, while Lapland Bunting, Shore Lark and Long-tailed Skua are found on the hillsides. Most adapted are the Rock Ptarmigan, Snow Bunting and Dotterel. In addition, roadside lakes provide excellent chances for Red-throated and Black-throated Divers and Long-tailed Duck.
Easily combined with a Finland birding adventure, Northern Norway offers some of the best birding north of the Arctic Cirle!
Finnature offers the best birding in Finland and Northern Norway
Finnature organizes birdwatching tours ranging from one-day trips to week-or-two long birding holidays with tour operators. Local help is essential when birding in Finland because our forests are vast and the birds are thinly spread. In Norway, our expertise comes from the long history of arranging tours to Varanger Peninsula. We have seen the change in the Arctic and are always prepared with the update information. Certainly, with our expert guidance and over 25 years of experience in organizing birdwatching tours, you have the best chances to see a wide selection of northern birds!
The best time to see Finnish bird highlights is the breeding season in May and June. For Norway, the best times are the breeding season May- July but early spring in March as well.
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Featured Programs and Schools
Welding Certification In California
The process to become a welder in California is not a long one. After getting basic education, you may be required to get certified. You should then be able to apply for entry level jobs in the welding industry.
Should I Become a Welder in California?
Do you want to become a welder in the state of California? If that is the case, then read the following information for more details.
|Education Required||High school education or a GED certificate is needed|
|License/Certification||Depends on the job description but it is recommended|
|Experience/Training||On the job training is needed|
|Key Skills||Physical strength, Stable hands, Good eyesight, etc.|
|Annual Mean Salary – US (2020)||$46,690 (Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers)|
|Annual Mean Salary – California (2020)||$49,130 (Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers)|
|Job Outlook – California (2018-2028)||3% (Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers)|
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics and O*Net Online
What Does a Welder do?
Welders are skilled workers that use semi-automated machinery to weld or fuse metal objects together. They may also be called upon to break up metal structures and parts. Nowadays, welders are needed for almost all kinds of construction projects, whether that is the building of ships, bridges, monuments, roads or homes. As a welder, you will have to be able to use objects like torches, clamps and semi-automated or automated machinery.
Requirements to Become a Welder in California
The requirements to become a welder in California include getting the right education, getting certified, and applying for the job you want. If you are planning to become a welder, it is also expected that you have an eye for detail, as well as the physical strength and stamina needed for on-site jobs.
Steps to Become a Welder in California
There are a few steps you have to follow to become a welder in California.
- Get the right education
To become a welder, you will need at least a high school diploma to get started. In addition to this, having a strong background in mathematics, physics and chemistry can help as well.
- Getting certified
After getting the right education, you must get certified by the American Welding Society or other accredited programs. If you are simply assisting on a job site, you will only need a general certification.
- Start applying for jobs
After you have the education and certification you need, you can start applying for the jobs you want.
Should You Become a Welder in California?
Choosing a career can be a difficult decision, but if you are serious about becoming a welder, the first step you should take is doing your research on the industry. This could include learning about specific requirements, guidelines to follow, as well as wage data.
Welder Salaries, Job Growth and Career Outlook
According to the U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics, the state of California is one of the states with the highest employment level for welders. The annual mean wage for welders, solderers, brazers, and cutters in California is $49,130 as of May, 2020. According to O*Net Online, welders, cutters, solderers, and brazers will experience a 3% job growth in California between 2018 and 2028.
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Massage is a general term that refers to an incredible number of techniques, ranging from ancient therapeutic methods to more modern and technical methods for releasing tension in specific muscles. The benefits of therapeutic massage are well known and many of them are well understood.
Muscle Tension Relaxation
The first and most obvious benefit of massage is the relaxation of muscles and muscle groups that get fatigued, tight, and over-worked due to repetitive motions. Simply driving a car puts stress on your back, shoulders, arms, and neck which causes tension and pain. Most people who work in offices sit still for too many hours each day, forcing the body to hold an essentially find position for an unhealthy length of time.
Massage can work the tension out of muscles, bringing physical relaxation that cannot be attained any other way.
Massage should also bring psychological benefits. If you take the time to treat yourself to a massage, you are essentially giving your body a gift. The time and relaxation you are taking are critical to mental health, and with the right massage therapist you will feel refreshed and relaxed after each massage.
Preventative Health Care
Massage can also be a way to prevent health problems, from those related to stress to physical fitness problems that occur over time. Repetitive stresses from work and daily life can get your body into a particular set of tense and weak muscle groups, creating imbalance. A regularly schedule massage can ensure that your muscles all relax and that tension can be dispersed instead of causing injury.
Whether you have chronic pain or problems that can be helped by massage therapy, or you’re hoping to avoid injury and chronic pain, massage offers a range of benefits. You’ll find yourself feeling more flexible, relaxed, and ready to face each day when you have regular massages.
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Check your e-mail address
ETA India - Everything that you need to know!
What is ETA
An ETA is short for Electronic Travel Authorization. It is an authorization usually linked to a Travelers Passport which allows a foreign traveler to go to India with out a typical Visa. The ETA is usually for short term stays of no more than 60 days and can be used for either travel and leisure,
medical treatment, attending conferences, business negotiations and the likes. The ETA is not really a work permit and for that reason does not give its holders the to work or apply for work in India. An Indian ETA can be carried out online and will not usually require the Physical Existence of the applicant before it is confirmed.
ETA India Requirements
India Visa Application
Visa India Requiments for Swiss Citizens
Indian E-Visa Requirements
The Indian Federal government has made the procedure of trying to get the tourist’s visa online simple, but it has the following requirements that the tourists need to satisfy;
The Indian ETA Visa is valid for only sixty days, the tourists willing to extend their stay must obtain a proper visa.
The tourists can opt for different e-Visas depending on the reason for their travel (for example e-Tourist Visa, e-Medical Visa, e-Business Visa).
The tourists applying for the visa must have at least 6 months passport validity (from the estimated date of arrival) along with 2 empty pages.
The travelers can enter India twice using the e-Visa.
Vacationers must carry other documents that prove their identity.
The tourists from certain countries like Pakistan cannot apply for the ETA.
Vacationers can enter the country from the different airports (25) and three seaports.
apply for eta India
Some important recommendations
How to apply for visa?
There are a few steps that should be followed, while one is applying for a visa. These are stated below.
Filling of form for a visa: All the people, who travel abroad, needs a visa. As well as the first step to finding a visa is to use for one. Nowadays, everyone can obtain a visa through online process. They must have appropriate legal documents, to do so. Photograph, signature, nationwide identification and various details are needed, during application. The requirement of informational data varies, based on the kind of visa.
Method of payment for a visa: Anyone, who’s seeking a visa, can now pay for it, online. While filling up the application online, one will reach where there are links to pay the money online. Online obligations can easily be done by using debit cards, credit cards and other modes of online payments. The charge for the visa is not refundable. That is applicable, even if one withdraws his or her application, afterward. The reason for withdrawal will never be considered and granted. Various countries have different and stringent guidelines, regarding visa charge payments.
Methods to obtain the visa?
One has to give an apt reason, for going to any other country. The reason why can be anything, however the person must show legal documents, to demonstrate that. Following the submission of an application form of visa, one receives a receipt with a specific allotted number. It helps one to track the procedure of progress of his / her visa. The minimum time, that’s needed is, for visa acceptance is 4 days approximately. And this varies from country to nation. After one receives the email of confirmation of visa, you have to submit his / her passport to the Consulate of this nation. Following this, they might have the passport with the granted visa.
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If you have been injured in a car wreck by a distracted driver, a Michigan distracted driving accident lawyer will help. Distracted driving is a criminal offense in Michigan. When a driver is negligent, reckless, or deliberately wrong on the road and creates an accident, you deserve to be compensated for your medical bills, lost wages, and other related expenses. The problem that many people run into when they get hurt in an auto accident is that the person that caused the accident didn’t think about being distracted while they were driving. This can be devastating to some people because they may be unable to work while recovering from their injuries.
Some people are on their cell phones and never even notice that they are talking while driving. Other drivers use their cell phone as a GPS device to navigate while they are behind the wheel. Other drivers are on text messaging programs and rarely think about what they are doing while they are driving. And other drivers are distracted by other drivers while they are in the car, like a cell phone conversation, going down a busy highway, or talking on their cell phone.
Being injured in a car accident caused by a distracted driver can be devastating to you and your family. An experienced attorney can help you receive the compensation that you deserve and prevent your rights from being violated. There are serious laws in Michigan that protect you and allow you to collect damages from a distracted driver who caused your injuries.
In Michigan, there are some circumstances where the operation of a vehicle can be considered negligent or reckless. These include, but are not limited to: speeding, operating a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol, talking on a cell phone, operating a vehicle while texting or using an electronic wireless device, and failure to yield. In these circumstances, the victims are able to recover damages from the negligent party or parties, such as the driver of the car involved, for the negligence and damages caused by the distraction. Unlike accidents that involve drunk drivers or drugs, accidents that involve a distracted driver are considered an automatic accident, meaning that the victim’s negligence did not cause the accident. As long as the victim knew or reasonably should have known that the conduct caused the accident, he or she may recover damages for any injury or damages resulting from the incident.
When searching for an experienced and dedicated michigan distracted driving accident lawyer, make sure that he or she has experience with this type of case. If possible, ask friends or relatives who have been injured in car accidents caused by a distracted driver for their opinions. If no one you know has successfully obtained compensation from a negligent driver, find out if the lawyer has successfully represented anyone who has. Experience is key when working a case like this, so you want to hire someone with experience so that you do not lose any money when you have been injured.
A Michigan distracted driving attorney should be willing to spend time looking at the accident scene and ensuring that all evidence is gathered before making a decision about a case. Remember that it is very important to gather all evidence before making decisions. An attorney should look at the pictures taken of the injured victims and their car damage as well as any testimony from witnesses. It is also important for your attorney to speak with you thoroughly about the details of your injury, your recovery, and the steps you are currently taking to protect yourself financially. Remember that the more time and effort an attorney spends on your behalf, the better your chances are of receiving compensation for your injuries.
One of the unfortunate realities of today’s society is that many people use their cell phones while behind the wheel. Because of this, there are countless accidents that occur each year involving distracted drivers who text on their cell phones or use other forms of communication devices while behind the wheel. In addition to looking at the scene of the accident, these lawyers should speak with you about your use of cell phones and whether or not you are using your phone in ways that do not protect you from becoming distracted and causing an accident.
A Michigan car accident lawyer should also remind you not to take pictures or snap photos of the accident and the scene of the damage to your vehicle. The driver of the other vehicle has every right to be concerned about the damage to his vehicle and your own injuries. Asking you to leave the scene of the crash without offering your contact information or explaining why you need to do this will only cause you unnecessary stress. If you are at fault in a motor vehicle accident in Michigan, being in the wrong place at the wrong time is simply not an excuse.
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Recently the FDA published a guidance requiring device manufacturers to be “Recall-Ready” noting, “It is critical that all companies in the supply chain are ‘recall ready’ to ensure appropriate actions are taken swiftly across the distribution channels to best protect public health and the integrity of the supply chain”. While most manufacturers might already take that level of preparation to heart having prepared plans and systems to deal with a recall event, the recent supply chain breakdowns highlight how important it is to construct flexibility with our inventory supply and expand our capabilities when it comes to managing medical inventory. Even if standard procedures exist to handle a recall, it’s important to smoke test our existing structures and practices to ensure that the process functions as intended and can be used to pull inventory back and prevent further use.
Now is the perfect time to reassess your readiness in the face of a recall. As previously mentioned, we’ve recently seen the impact a shortage of inventory can have on the healthcare landscape and a recall can impact this just as much as a material shortage. Preparing for a recall scenario so that inventory can quickly be pulled from the field and replaced with compliant product to prevent a disruption in care or service is critical both to patient safety as well as to business operations.
Additionally, the ability of manufacturers to prevent harm from their products is paramount in a recall scenario. The FDA guidance suggests manufacturers should maintain ‘thorough and organized distribution records to assist in effective recalls. A key component of a recall plan being the ability of a manufacturer to communicate with the field what must be returned. This starts with knowing where the non-compliant inventory is and where it has been previously used. Maintaining inventory traceability with a field inventory management system, such as ConnectSx, can deliver critical value when you are faced with the task of tracking down recalled inventory. With a system in place, especially one purpose-built for these needs, you can easily identify where all inventory is located, where it has been used, and track whether it has all been recalled. It can also simplify the establishment of controls so recalled inventory can no longer be billed for and you can initiate its transfer back to a quarantined warehouse.
During 2021, 3 Recalls occurred that involved more than 100 million units, while one recall implicated 267 million units. The total number of medical devices recalled in 2021 was in excess of 602 million. When one missed device could be responsible for adverse impacts to a patient, you can not afford to leave it to chance. Keep track of your inventory throughout the value chain with an immutable chain of custody and make sure you are prepared if a recall becomes necessary.
If you’re thinking about building your company’s capability to respond to a recall, reach out to learn how ConnectSx can help.
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The first step in the teaching of culture is increasing
the students’ awareness of the breadth and the nature of that
culture. Slowly this initial awareness will translate itself into a
feeling of familiarity, with the result that the culture will no
longer appear “strange “and “foreign”.
The development of cultural awareness consists
primarily in the introduction and continued reintroduction of
cultural facts of all kinds: geographical information,
sociological data, historical personalities and events,
contributions in the arts and sciences, and so forth. This
cultural material is not simply presented in list form for
memorization. Nor is its use limited to a few cultural slides
presentations the day before vacation. It must be continually
entered and reentered so that it becomes part of the students’
general fun of knowledge.
Much of the presentation of culture is
teacher-initiated. The teacher plans classroom audiovisual
material. Students-oriented activities, however, should not be
forgotten: frequently students learn more from projects that
they themselves have developed. For instance, in an
intermediate Spanish class one of the African students prepared
a report, with recorded excerpts, on the African influence in
Latin American music and presented it with such enthusiasm
and authority that the entire class benefited greatly. D.E. Allen and R. M. Valette. Classroom techniques: foreign languages and English
as a second-language skills. Harcourt Brace Jovanovitch, 1977 (adapted).
Judge the following items according to the text above.
The pronoun “that” (L.19) could be correctly replaced by
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The Muntinlupa city government will be allocating a 700 square-meter land for the establishment of the Department of Science and Technology’s (DOST) Science and Technology Innovation (STI) Corridor.
“Recognizing Muntinlupa City’s status as one of NCR’s fast rising commercial, educational and business centers, and given DOST-NCR’s strong and successful partnership in implementing science, technology and innovation programs in Muntinlupa, the city government through the initiative of Mayor Jaime R. Fresnedi will be allocating 700 square meters of land area in Brgy. Sucat, Muntinlupa for the establishment of the Science and Technology Innovation Corridor,” DOST Secretary Fortunato “Boy” T. de la Peña has reported.
The DOST chief said STI Corridor aims to integrate the Science, Technology and Innovation roadmap among the Local Universities and Colleges (LUCs) in Muntinlupa, other institutions like Muntinlupa City Technical Institute (MCTI) and DOST-NCR that will also align their priority research programs to the Harmonized National Research and Development Agenda (HNRDA).
Among the LUCs that will benefit from the project are the Colegio de Muntinlupa (CdM) and Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa (PLMun).
“It will also be a hub where anyone with creative ideas can conceptualize, discuss and build on S & T-based solutions to problems facing Metro Manila in general and Muntinlupa in particular through R&D (research and development), innovations, and process and product development that is focused on emerging sectors,” de la Peña said.
He said STI Corridor in Sucat, Muntinlupa shall also be linked to the DOST Research and Development Institutions (RDIs) in DOST Bicutan, Taguig to facilitate prototyping of tangible innovative R&D outputs.
“To complete the package of assistance, STI Corridor will likewise assist in the registration of intellectual properties and conduct technology matching activities to ensure that process and product outputs will reach their intended end-users,” he added.
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The Pentagon is shifting US$1.5 billion in funds originally targeted for support of the Afghan security forces and other projects to help pay for construction of 129km of wall at the US-Mexican border.
Congress was notified of the move today. It follows the Pentagon’s decision in March to transfer US$1 billion from Army personnel budget accounts to support wall construction.
Some lawmakers have been highly critical of the Pentagon shifting money not originally authorised for border security.
The combined total of US$2.5 billion is in response to President Donald Trump’s declaration of a national emergency at the border, where Customs and Border Protection personnel are struggling to cope with increasing numbers of Central American families attempting to gain entry.
Mr Trump vetoed Congress’ attempt to reverse his emergency declaration.
In all, the Pentagon is expected to shift about US$6.1 billion to help build a border wall, including about US$3.6 billion from military construction projects, some of which will be delayed. The Pentagon has not yet announced which projects will be delayed in order to free up those funds.
Acting Defense Secretary Patrick Shanahan, who plans to visit the border tomorrow, said in an exchange with reporters today, “I won’t be reprogramming any more money for the border wall”.
He appeared to be referring to having reached the goal of channeling US$2.5 billion – today’s announcement coupled with the March transfer of money – into a counterdrug program that will be used for the wall.
“We have very smart people here in the department, and we found ways to do this without having any impact on readiness,” he said, speaking before a meeting with Latvian Defense Minister Artis Pabriks.
In a written statement announcing the shift of the US$1.5 billion, Mr Shanahan that the Pentagon is “fully engaged” in fixing the border crisis. He said more than 4000 troops and 19 aircraft are supporting Customs and Border Protection personnel.
“Today, I authorised the transfer of $1.5 billion toward the construction of more than 80 miles of border barrier,” he said.
“The funds were drawn from a variety of sources, including cost savings, programmatic changes and revised requirements, and therefore will have minimal impact on force readiness.”
Some in Congress, however, are opposed to the use of Pentagon funds to build the wall.
“The Pentagon has now reprogrammed 12 times more money to the wall than for repairs for Tyndall AFB, destroyed by Hurricane Michael. We should put troops first!” Sen Richard Durbin wrote on Twitter.
He was referring to storm damage at the Air Force base in Florida where almost every building was damaged.
In its written notification to Congress, the Pentagon said it was moving the US$1.5 billion to support “higher priority items based on unforeseen military requirements than those for which” the funds were originally provided by Congress.
The move is “necessary in the national interest”, it added, according to a copy of the notice obtained by The Associated Press.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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|
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| 0.959909
| 651
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|
No, not the young you may be thinking. (After all, when we talk about young ones in these parts, we’re usually referring to the unborn.)
These statistics caught my eye again recently:
Looking specifically at teens … 72 percent call abortion morally wrong, and 32 percent believe it should be illegal in all circumstances. Among adults … 17 percent backed a total ban.”
While some dismiss this statistic, choosing to focus on the lack of life-experience a teenager possesses, I am reminded of my own pre-teen self, already well anchored into my opinion on many important issues.
There must be a few people who see it as I do on the pro-abortion side.
They [major abortion-rights groups] hope to win over young people by focusing on issues less controversial (and to many students, more pressing) than abortion, such as the rising price of birth control on college campuses.”
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| 0.939966
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|
My Aunt recently bought a new phone and was concerned about losing all of her contacts and photos, so she asked me how to migrate her data without losing it all, to which my Mum interrupted proudly, “Don’t worry, it’s in the air!”
This was impressive, as of course, what she meant was that my Aunt’s data was now in the cloud and therefore transferrable to any device.
And it actually is that simple.
The cloud makes life easier for everyone and if recent events have taught us anything, it’s that teaching and learning, supported by technology, doesn’t have to be restricted to a singular location.
Over the last few years, schools migrating to the cloud has gone from an impossible dream to a reality and here are all the reasons why:
Cloud-Based Management Information Systems
In the last decade or more, there has been an insurgence of MIS solutions that are competing heavily with legacy systems that have previously dominated the market. These newer, fresher solutions are enabling schools and academies to access data more efficiently, more effectively and are creating new opportunities for school staff (both local and across multiple locations) in terms of collaboration.
They are also improving outcomes for children and young people as data analysis is quick and easy allowing teachers to identify the needs of individual pupils and therefore, delivering more personalised learning.
Previously a huge (and potentially the biggest) barrier to school cloud consideration, the new MIS’ are removing the need for an on-premise MIS server and giving schools the freedom to choose a solution better suited to their needs.
Digital Learning Platforms
As soon as lockdown began, one of the first steps taken by the DfE was the initiative to provide best-in-class solutions that could facilitate online learning, collaboration and out of school communication. Of course, the digital divide didn’t help (but that’s another blog for another day), and what it promised and delivered for those that could get online was:
- The ability for teachers to assign and assess work, providing feedback remotely
- The ability for students to access curriculum content on any internet-connected device, regardless of location
- The option for pupils and teachers to collaborate on projects in real-time
- Communication between staff, students and parents in real-time using voice and video
None of which required access to an onsite server and enabled remote teaching and learning for the following months.
As more schools deploy these digital solutions, there is less of a need for network reliance through Active Directory and Group Policy to manage devices.
Because many schools are now using Chromebooks, the devices can be managed through the Google Admin Console or Microsoft Endpoint Manager for laptop users. Both also cover android devices which means that device management can be delivered seamlessly with whatever online identity your school already has.
Savings…in more ways than one
Our social responsibility strapline is “Maximising Technology for People and the Planet” and by migrating to the cloud, schools are doing exactly that.
When refreshing your ICT estate or considering new technologies you can create savings on both hardware, software licences and the general running costs by removing an onsite server. In addition, by not having to maintain this cumbersome equipment, you will be using fewer energy resources (electricity and cooling), ultimately reducing your carbon footprint and your energy bill.
With the DfE and the NCSC continuing to advise schools to be vigilant with regards to cyber-security, cloud servers provide an additional layer of security as they are constantly being monitored and you can determine the varying levels of access available to your varying colleagues and pupils.
Cloud platforms also benefit from regular updates and development so potential threats are identified, fixed and patched before you encounter them.
But every coin has two sides
Of course with technology constantly advancing, cloud platforms will continue to improve significantly – and at pace, so it is definitely something that all modern schools should be considering, but first…
- As earlier mentioned, if your school currently has on-premise MIS, this should be investigated for its viability to move to a cloud solution as this will make the transition much easier. It is also worth noting that Dataspire Solutions is now an Arbor partner (the fastest-growing MIS on the market) so we can also help you to migrate to a new cloud-based MIS, should you wish.
- Not all applications and devices are cloud-enabled and so we again recommend further investigation into the feasibility of moving your entire IT estate and would be happy to help you with this.
- How reliable is your Internet connection? Your Internet service may become a single point of failure if you are currently getting by on an intermittent connection. The Dataspire Broadband Service focuses specifically on learners and education so we know exactly what it takes to provide robust, reliable, secure and uninterrupted teaching and learning.
- Before taking the leap, it’s important that schools, academies, and trusts, have an ICT strategy in place to get the most from their investment in technology. Now is the time for schools to review and assess their ICT vision and the best ways to begin that journey.
If it’s not broken…
This could be said of most things, but in terms of technology, it is essential that schools can keep pace. Not just to be the school sitting on the iron throne, but more importantly, that you are preparing your children and young people for the future world of work – creating ICT confidence.
It’s not even a brand new idea, it’s simply the right time, as all of the teething issues that tend to arrive with sparkly new IT solutions have been ironed out and adapted for best practice in schools.
Moving your school to the cloud is now a viable and practical solution for education technologies.
We can answer all your cloud questions
All you have to do is contact us. The team will be delighted to support you through this process and answer questions you may have, so why wait? Contact us today!
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The biracial daughter of the late Sen. Strom Thurmond defended the former segregationist on Tuesday and said the Rev. Al Sharpton “overreacted” when Sharpton learned he is a descendent of a slave owned by the senator’s relatives.
“In spite of the fact he was a segregationist, he did many wonderful things for black people.... I’m not sure that Reverend Sharpton is aware of all the things he did,” said Essie Mae Washington-Williams, who was in South Carolina for a speech. “I kind of feel that there was an overreaction.”
Professional genealogists working for Ancestry.com found that Sharpton’s great-grandfather Coleman Sharpton was a slave owned by Julia Thurmond, whose grandfather was Strom Thurmond’s great-great-grandfather. Coleman Sharpton was later freed.
When Sharpton learned of the link, he said: “It was probably the most shocking thing in my life.”
Thurmond, of South Carolina, was once considered an icon of racial segregation. During his 1948 bid for president, he promised to preserve segregation. In 1957, he filibustered for more than 24 hours against a civil rights bill.
Sharpton, who ran for president in 2004 on a ticket of racial justice, said he met Thurmond in 1991 with the late soul singer James Brown, who knew Thurmond. Sharpton said the meeting was “awkward.”
“I was not happy to meet him because what he had done all his life,” Sharpton said.
Thurmond, who when he dies was the nation’s longest-serving senator, was originally a Democrat but became a Republican in 1964. He softened his segregation stance later in his life and died in 2003, at 100.
Thurmond’s children have acknowledged that Thurmond fathered a biracial daughter. Williams’ mother was a housekeeper in the home of Thurmond’s parents.
A telephone message left Tuesday at Strom Thurmond Jr.’s office was not immediately returned.
“Based on the paper trail, it seems pretty evident that the connection is there,” said Mike Ward, a genealogist with Ancestry.com, who called the link “amazing.”
A spokeswoman for Sharpton confirmed Monday that he wants a DNA test to determine whether he is related to Thurmond through his great-grandfather.
Ancestry.com’s chief family genealogist, Megan Smolenyak, said Sharpton would need to match his DNA with a present-day descendant to see if they are biologically related.
“I think the odds are slim he would match,” Smolenyak told the New York Daily News. “There is no particular evidence to suggest that there is a direct relationship between the two ... families to suggest they share a common ancestry. But, given the legacy of plantation society, you can’t rule it out.”
The revelations surfaced after Ancestry.com contacted a Daily News reporter who agreed to have his own family tree done. The intrigued reporter then asked Sharpton if he wanted to participate. Sharpton said he told the paper, “Go for it.”
The genealogists, who were not paid by the newspaper, uncovered the ancestral ties using a variety of documents that included census, marriage and death records.
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- Open Access
BASILIScan: a tool for high-throughput analysis of intrinsic disorder patterns in homologous proteins
BMC Genomics volume 19, Article number: 902 (2018)
Intrinsic structural disorder is a common property of many proteins, especially in eukaryotic and virus proteomes. The tendency of some proteins or protein regions to exist in a disordered state usually precludes their structural characterisation and renders them especially difficult for experimental handling after recombinant expression.
A new intuitive, publicly-available computational resource, called BASILIScan, is presented here. It provides a BLAST-based search for close homologues of the protein of interest, integrated with a simultaneous prediction of intrinsic disorder together with a robust data viewer and interpreter. This allows for a quick, high-throughput screening, scoring and selection of closely-related yet highly structured homologues of the protein of interest. Comparative parallel analysis of the conservation of extended regions of disorder in multiple sequences is also offered. The use of BASILIScan and its capacity for yielding biologically applicable predictions is demonstrated. Using a high-throughput BASILIScan screen it is also shown that a large proportion of the human proteome displays homologous sequences of superior intrinsic structural order in many related species.
Through the swift identification of intrinsically stable homologues and poorly conserved disordered regions by the BASILIScan software, the chances of successful recombinant protein expression and compatibility with downstream applications such as crystallisation can be greatly increased.
The incidence of intrinsic disorder – defined as the lack of a fixed three-dimensional conformation of a protein - has become increasingly appreciated and examined in recent years. Many such proteins have been characterised, and their disorder, as well as order-disorder transitions upon ligand and partner binding demonstrated with a range of biophysical techniques . It is now widely acknowledged that protein disorder is a remarkably common phenomenon – especially in complex organisms and viruses. An estimated 30–40% of the human proteome is disordered to a significant degree . This has far-reaching consequences for the structural characterisation and experimental handling of many proteins from the human and other disorder-enriched proteomes.
Depending on the extent and location of flexibility, the intrinsically-disordered protein (IDP) can exhibit a number of different behaviours. Although the highly-charged nature of disordered regions may confer high solubility , presence of proteases in IDP preparations often causes severe proteolytic degradation in the case of fully-disordered IDPs or digestion of long connecting loops within and between otherwise structured domains [4, 5]. Ultimately, biochemical and biophysical characterisation of such proteins is usually difficult because of challenging protein expression and purification and lack of sample homogeneity. Crystallisation of IDPs for X-ray crystallography is only feasible with the flexible regions removed, bound to a co-factor, or entropically-stabilised otherwise. Multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy remains the only high-resolution biophysical technique for studying some disordered protein systems, although the sample has to meet stringent compatibility standards (small and globular proteins, homogeneity, stability under low ionic strength for long periods of time) .
Since IDPs display characteristic patterns of amino acid content and distribution, the presence of disordered regions can be predicted from their primary sequence with high confidence. Many predictive algorithms have been devised and used successfully to predict the probability of residues in a given protein sequence to exist in an ordered or disordered state [7,8,9,10,11]. Such predictions have been repeatedly confirmed experimentally with multi-dimensional NMR [12, 13]. It is currently becoming common practice to take the intrinsic disorder predictions into account while designing a protein construct for recombinant expression. The N- or C-terminal disordered tails/domains can be truncated (for example: [14, 15]), while long loops connecting neighbouring domains or elements of secondary structure can be shortened to aid conformational stability . Unfortunately, the thin line between limiting disorder and affecting the function and correct folding of the protein can easily be crossed and the experimental trial-and-error process often takes long before an improved construct is found.
The software presented here, called BASILIScan, offers an alternative approach to streamline and simplify the construct design process. The core mechanism relies on a BLASTP search with the user’s amino acid sequence linked with simultaneous intrinsic disorder prediction of all hits. A specialised scoring system, called the FLEX score, is then employed to identify closest homologues exhibiting lowest disorder content. A hit possessing a FLEX score superior to the submitted protein is very likely to also show improved in vitro behaviour. Analytical features of BASILIScan, such as multiple sequence disorder overlay and alignment, allow for analysis of disorder conservation patterns between selected homologous hits in parallel. In addition to identifying a more suitable homologue, such analysis can guide rational construct design by exposing intrinsically-disordered regions of low or limited conservation which could be truncated from the expression construct. The adjustability of numerous search and analysis parameters provides compatibility with protein sequences of a wide range of intrinsic disorder, length and inter-species sequence variation.
The main framework of the BASILIScan software is centred upon the connection of the modules outlined in Fig. 1, written in Python 2.7. Where possible, Biopython (ver. 1.67) libraries or their derivatives are used. In order to promote the multi-disciplinary use of BASILIScan, a graphical user interface (GUI) has been created in Tkinter ver. 8.5.9 for Python.
Sequence-based similarity search
After the plain unformatted amino acid sequence is provided, a BLASTP search is conducted against the selected sequence database (UniprotKB/Swissprot being the default and recommended one ) and the results displayed according to the filters set by the user – such as an expect value (E-value) threshold or a maximum number of hits. The Bio.Blast functionality of Biopython is used to run on-line BLAST. The .xml output file is parsed with the NCBIXML function in Biopython.
Users may perform searches on custom, remote, FASTA-formatted libraries instead, by selecting the library file through the “Advanced properties/Select database” option. Remote search on the selected library is then performed by BLAST+ ver 2.7.1, including conversion of the library by makeblastdb. Sequence identifiers used in remote libraries should be Uniprot-derived in order for all BASILIScan modules to work correctly.
Handling of viral polyproteins
In the case of the resulting sequences constituting a viral polyprotein, BASILIScan will perform virtual processing of the polyprotein and will apply all its analysis and metrics tools to the appropriate fragment only. This functionality is only offered when UniprotKB/Swissprot database is selected for search, due to lack of proteolytic processing information in non-manually curated databases. This option can also be disabled in “Edit/Advanced preferences”.
Prediction of intrinsic disorder
For BLAST hits fulfilling the criteria set by the user, intrinsic disorder is calculated by the IUPRED algorithm , which has been used extensively in other publications for predicting intrinsic disorder in silico [20,21,22,23]. Two alternative IUPRED modes are available: “long disorder” or “short disorder”. For most applications, the “long disorder” mode is suggested. The intrinsic disorder score (IDS) of each entry is then calculated in the following way:
where l is the length of the protein and s is the residue’s IUPRED score.
FLEX score computation
Since identification of a homologue with superior intrinsic disorder properties requires scoring at least two parameters simultaneously, the hybrid FLEX score has been implemented. The FLEX score incorporates a weighted average of the intrinsic order and a hyperbolic transform of the E-value parameter in the following fashion:
The weight is determined by the FLEX coefficient (η), which is set by the user before the homology search is run. Allowed values are between 0 and 1 and will shift the contribution ratio of intrinsic structural order (1 - IDS) to E-value transform. The hyperbolic transform of the E-value is meant to converge the extreme low-end E-value range while resolving the high-end and middle ranges. Consequently, the function of the logarithm of the E-value is sigmoidal, and bound from 0 to 1. It is characterised by a near-linear relationship between arguments corresponding to E-values of 10− 3 and 10− 14, while either tail approaches 0 or 1, respectively (Additional file 1: Figure S1).
Visualisation of results
Results of a sequence query are presented in a table, for each hit showing the UniProt identifier, the GeneID, the expect value (E), sequence identity, similarity, the IDS score and the FLEX score. By default, the result hits are sorted from the lowest to the highest E-value. Sorting priority can be adjusted at any time from the main menu. The right-hand-side menu allows for more in-depth analysis of results. The ‘View’ option acquires the most important parameters of the selected item from the UniProt repository, displaying information such as sequence length, molecular mass and organism taxonomy.
The “Details” button draws a detailed trace of intrinsic disorder of the selected record within an interactive two-coordinate environment, implemented with Matplotlib. The environment allows for enlargement of selected parts of the trace, as well as for its translation. The option of exporting the graph as an image file is also provided. Traces can be overlayed on top of each other and therefore the intrinsic disorder can be explicitly compared between multiple protein records simultaneously.
Importantly, if the “enable disorder trace alignment” setting is switched on, the multiple disorder traces for the selected protein records will be automatically aligned on the axis, according to a multiple sequence alignment conducted in CLUSTALW . Default CLUSTALW parameters can be adjusted in Edit/Advanced properties. Any gaps inserted through the alignment algorithm will be visible in the aligned traces as residues with the IUPRED disorder score of 0.0 – an extremely unlikely occurrence for a protein residue otherwise.
Windows and OSX binary distributions of BASILIScan were packaged with Py2exe and Py2app, respectively. Packages for both platforms are freely available for academic use under the GNU distribution license and can be downloaded at www.basilisc.com/downloads. Open-source version is also available. Please consult the ReadMe file for further instructions on installation and running of BASILIScan, as well as for the dependencies required to run the open-source version (www.basilisc.com/readme/).
Case scenario: Human CDC7 protein kinase
Every BASILIScan job starts with providing a raw amino acid sequence and a job title. Next, the IUPRED mode is selected. Unless one is looking for very short stretches of disorder, or within very short protein sequences, the “long disorder” mode should be selected. The “E-value threshold” indicates the upper limit of the BLAST E-value, above which any hits will be ignored. The number of homology hits found can also be capped. Lastly, the “FLEX score priority coefficient” has to be set. This parameter will not influence which results are shown, but is meant to adjust the sensitivity of the FLEX score by shifting the contribution of homology versus structural order towards the final score. This means, for instance, that when the “priority coefficient” is set to 100% (all the way towards structural order), the FLEX score will only reflect the intrinsic order (1-IDS) of a given hit and will ignore the homology score component. The adjustment of the “priority coefficient” is particularly useful in cases where the BASILIScan run yields many hits containing one or more subpopulations clustered around particular values of IDS or E-value. The default priority coefficient value is 50%, in which case both terms will be taken into account equally.
To showcase the functioning of BASILIScan, the human cell division cycle protein kinase 7 (hCDC7, Uniprot identifier: O00311) was chosen as the sequence of interest. The protein is a 63.9 kDa serine/threonine protein kinase, which is an essential S-phase kinase implicated in DNA replication control and cell proliferation . The choice of hCDC7 kinase was dictated by availability of subject literature and structural information, as well as its functional conservation across many species. The 574-amino acid sequence of hCDC7 was submitted to BASILIScan for search in “long disorder” IUPRED mode, with an E-value threshold of 10− 10, maximum number of hits of 100 and a FLEX score priority coefficient of 50%. Figure 2 and Additional file 1: Table S1 show, respectively, the way results are displayed by the BASILIScan GUI and a full results dataset from the above search.
The BASILIScan search yielded 18 hits, including the search query entry which would usually appear as the first row in the results window and always returns the E-value of 0. It is immediately apparent that although many homologues with low E-values were found, their intrinsic disorder varies considerably (from 0 to 72%). Human CDC7 kinase shows an IDS score of about 14%, with many residues oscillating around the 0.5 disorder threshold. This can be seen by using the module “Trace” which graphs the disorder scores for every residue in a given sequence (Fig. 3a). Indeed, lowering the IUPRED score calculation threshold from the default 0.5 to 0.4, leads to a dramatic increase in IDS of hCDC7 up to 35%. The FLEX score, being a weighted average of the E-value transform and the IDS score, should in most cases serve as the easiest measure of identifying suitable hits. The most promising hit returned by this BASILIScan search, possessing the highest FLEX score, is a probable CDC7 kinase homologue from a fungus Encephalitozoon cuniculi. In addition, a remote search with BASILIScan against a TrEMBL database encompassing all available vertebrate proteomes has also found numerous evolutionarily-closer homologous sequences with IDS and FLEX scores superior to the search query statistics (Additional file 2).
Overlaying the calculated intrinsic disorder trace of the submitted sequence (O00311) on top of the BASILIScan hit of the highest FLEX score (Q8SR85), clearly shows the conservation of some intrinsic disorder patterns (residues 363–390) and confirms that there are regions of diminished intrinsic disorder (e.g. residues 420–446, 532–574) as well as significant deletions of particularly disordered segments (residues 1–40, 202–331) in the fungal and vertebrate homologues (Fig. 3a-c). The “align” feature can also be used to perform a multiple sequence alignment on multiple selected hits and overlay the calculated intrinsic disorder scores for each residue in the alignment as a heatmap, in order to compare the conservation of disorder between many sequences at once (Additional file 1: Figure S2).
The crystal structure of human CDC7 kinase has been reported . Crystallisation was achieved through identification of disordered regions by limited proteolysis and NMR spectroscopy, with their subsequent deletion. The crystallised protein encompasses the three ordered regions predicted by BASILIScan (highlighted in cyan, purple and green in Fig. 3c-d).
The parametrisation offered by BASILIScan, in particular the “priority coefficient”, allows for a quick assessment of the results, targeted to one’s needs. This is especially useful when many result hits are returned. Resubmitting the above CDC7 kinase query with the E-value threshold lowered to − 5, the maximum set number of 100 hits are obtained (Table 1). Since many homologues with a low E-value are returned, it is easier to assess the results by shifting the priority coefficient towards intrinsic stability (i.e. higher value). In this instance, there will be many more hits with low IDS scores among the top FLEX score results. Changing the priority coefficient in the opposite direction will have an opposite effect.
Occurrence of structured homologues of human proteins in other species
In order to learn about the scope of BASILIScan applicability in finding structured homologues of disorder-enriched proteins, every sequence of the human proteome (all 20,243 sequences available in UniprotKB/Swissprot) was subjected to an individual BASILIScan search with the same parameters as used for hCDC7 above. All human sequences were removed from the results database. This high-throughput search resulted in disorder prediction and scoring of nearly 100,000 protein sequences, and showed that a surprisingly large extent of the human proteome has homologues of superior intrinsic stability in other species. BASILIScan identified at least one homologue exhibiting a FLEX score higher than that of the query sequence for the vast majority of the human proteome (14,865 sequences or 78%) and ten or more such homologues for over 30% (Fig. 4a).
Importantly, in just under half of hits scored as promising – possessing FLEX scores higher than the query – the improvement of intrinsic disorder represented by the difference in IDS scores was very significant. The IDS score improvement of 10% or more was found in 47% of such BASILIScan-identified hits, while 27% of hits showed at least 20% improvement (Fig. 4b). The top hits resulting from the BASILIScan search belonged to 631 unique species, but by far the highest occurrence was displayed by mouse homologues (Fig. 4c). The improvement in IDS score appeared not to correlate with the hit frequency of occurrence in a given species.
As structural biology is evolving from tackling thermodynamically-stable, well-folded protein domains into much larger, multimeric and multicomponent protein systems, the need for rapid assessment and minimisation of intrinsic disorder becomes increasingly important. Software developed to assist recombinant expression construct design for predicting the regions of disorder (such as GlobPlot , or IUPRED ), maximising protein stability and crystallisibility through computing of parameters sourced from previously-solved crystal structures (XtalPred, ) and surface entropy reduction (SERp, ) have been used extensively. However, to the author’s knowledge, user-friendly and widely-accessible tools for high-throughput comparative analysis of intrinsic disorder patterns in related proteins have not been developed and explored for the purpose of recombinant expression construct design. This is tackled by the novel homologue search and scoring system offered by BASILIScan, with the disorder predictions based on the widely-adopted IUPRED algorithm. The key advantage of BASILIScan over the pre-exisiting software is the parallel analysis of disorder predictions for multiple related proteins at a time: both globally (the “trace” function) and residue-by-residue, as a heatmap (the “align” function). When the aim is to identify regions of disorder, such alignments can provide information on the conservation of the putatively-disordered region – and hence, how likely it is that the removal of such a fragment will not affect the structure or function of the protein.
The functionalities implemented in BASILIScan serve two main experimental purposes: identification of homologues with diminished intrinsic disorder; and recognition of disordered regions suitable for deletion due to limited conservation. For both applications, the accessible user interface and the adjustable parametrisation are invaluable for identification of the most promising candidates and regions. Furthermore, as demonstrated by the high-throughput BASILIScan screen of the human proteome, identification of a more intrinsically-stable homologue of an IDP is likely to be feasible in most cases. Therefore, BASILIScan should be a valuable and easily-accessible resource for more streamlined rational expression construct design approaches and study of IDPs.
Basic local alignment search tool
Cell division cycle protein kinase 7
Graphical user interface
Intrinsic disorder score
Nuclear magnetic resonance
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I would like to acknowledge Dr. Goedele Maertens as well as Mr. Michal Kosicki, Dr. George Gerogiokas and Dr. Robert White for fruitful discussions, suggestions, a critical review of the manuscript and testing of the initial versions of BASILIScan.
Availability of data and materials
Project name: BASILIScan.
Project home page: http://www.basilisc.com
Archived version: 1.4
Operating system: OSX, Windows
Programming language: Python 2.7
Other requirements: none for binary; multiple dependencies for the source package
License: GNU for academic use only
Any restrictions to use by non-academics: non-academics need to obtain a license by contacting the author directly.
Ready-to-use binary distributions of BASILIScan (currently version 1.4) are available for free for academic users. Packages for OSX and Windows systems can be downloaded from the project website: www.basiliscan.com/download. Open-source Python code will be released through the website upon publication. Instructions on which dependencies need to be installed for compiling the open-source version are under www.basilisc.com/readme. Please also consult the website for tutorials, FAQs and updates.
All datasets generated and supporting the conclusions of this article will be available for download from www.basiliscan.com upon publication of the paper and are also included with this publication.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
Consent for publication
The author declares that he/she has no competing interests.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Supplementary tables and figures. (DOCX 270 kb)
BASILIScan search with human CDC7 kinase (Uniprot ID: O00311) against all vertebrate sequences available from UniprotKB (both Swissprot and TrEMBL). (CSV 263 kb)
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Cite this article
Barski, M. BASILIScan: a tool for high-throughput analysis of intrinsic disorder patterns in homologous proteins. BMC Genomics 19, 902 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-018-5322-5
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- Allows faster heating and cooling since it does not store heat, which gives us a better response.
- Reduced need for maintenance, as long as there are no impacts to the fiber that would damage it.
For these reasons, at Nutec Bickley we use ceramic fiber in our furnace insulation in applications where it is feasible and delivers, or will deliver, an operational advantage. This material is sourced from our sister company specializing in fiber products.
B) Refractory Brick
Insulating material characterized by greater hardness and density; therefore it demonstrates greater mechanical strength.
- Stores more heat so its response to temperature changes is slower.
- Consumes more fuel in an intermittent furnace since it heats up and cools down more slowly.
When to change the fiber for optimal furnace operation?
The main criterion affecting our decision to change the fiber system is whether its deterioration can adversely affect production or equipment, such as:
1.- There is a risk of product contamination
As the fiber ages it crystallizes, deforms, and pieces can then fall off.
- For certain products such as sanitaryware or other porcelain products that require a flawless finish, this constitutes contamination, so ceramic fiber replacement would be necessary.
- In the case of steel products this does not really affect product quality.
2.- Detection of hot spots that can damage equipment
The existence of a hot spot is a concern, not so much from the energy loss angle, but because it might damage an important system component.
If there is a heat leak in the insulation that could give rise to an operational problem or cause equipment to malfunction, it's time to change your insulation.
A couple of examples of this are:
- Heat leakage can cause a valve to overheat and damage it, or burn out wires, thermocouples etc, and consequently adversely affect the operation.
- In a car furnace, the heat can jam the wheels and prevent them from moving when inserting/removing the product.
If you are going to change your furnace’s insulation we suggest going for a complete overhaul rather than putting a patch/plug in place. This is not advisable as the fiber will shrink with temperature, creating a gap and can then make the situation worse.
At Nutec Bickley we are specialists in industrial furnaces and their various components. Contact our expert advisors to learn more about all the solutions we have available for you.
Author: Alberto Cantú, VP Combustion, Controls and Services
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Redistribution of Groong articles, such as this one, to any other
media, including but not limited to other mailing lists and Usenet
bulletin boards, is strictly prohibited without prior written
consent from Groong's Administrator.
© Copyright 2003 Armenian News Network/Groong. All Rights Reserved.
POLITICS UNDER 180'Armenian News Network / Groong October 27, 2003 By Angela Harutyunian In September, an exhibition titled "Politics Under 180 Degree" was organized at the Armenian Center for Contemporary Experimental Art (ACCEA), curated by art critic Vardan Azatyan. Political art originates and gets feedback directly from existing social conditions and relations. Local and global political atmosphere serves as incitement for it. Can politics-related art be a protest, a cry and reaction, or is it art serving totalitarian ideology? And lastly, which is the border that separates political art from politicized art, and allows viewing them on different poles? Can a politicized human being create art free from cliches and stereotypes? The artist is not a passive subject absorbed in strivings of his inner spiritual world. The image of an artist that represents him as an anti-political creature that can only be in abstract spiritual sphere is rather passť and has lost its actuality. Instead, the artist not only reflects upon burning political issues but also strives to be an active participant and moreover, to be able to make important political decisions. A work of art carries direct influence of politics. There is direct interaction between politics and art. Given that there exists no public service system completely removed from politics (and art is also partially a part of the public sphere), the discourse of art's autonomy, upon which modern Western art is founded, is by its very nature a political construction. In consumer oriented societies, where all actions are directed towards providing people with as high a quality as possible of public service and satisfying maximum demands of consumer, one of the main objectives of today's Western art has become conversion of artistic creation into consumer product. In the 20th century, because of the two World Wars and the Cold War following World War II, society and art became more politicized. Consequently art of political posters, which were expressing visual utopias of a politicized human being, flourished. During the first half of the century these means of expression did not go further than two-dimensional images on paper and canvas. Whereas today political art is not anymore confined to public squares, where demonstrations and political protests take place, or using posters as the only form of political expression. It also utilizes the closed environments of museums and exhibition spaces and employs a wider spectrum of media; all available and possible technological means of the post-industrial era, including video and digital art. Use of a multitude of techniques and generally multi-media works of political art are somehow expressions of the political and creative pluralism that artists strive to reach by adopting social positions of often anti-governmental posture. "Politics under 180'" Is art capable of discovering and sometimes exposing aspects of politics that are hidden under multiple layers of relations, institutions and intrigues and have significant impact on political decision-making process, and on politics in general? This is not politics or art in pure form but interaction of these two: how does politics change under the light of art, and how does art transfer politics into an aesthetic environment and the exhibition space? Relation between art and politics is interesting especially from the point of view of the post-soviet man and artist. In this case one needs courage to touch political subjects in art, as absence of separation between political art and politicized art during seventy years of the Soviet rule has now given way to caution in touching politics. But the exhibition that took place at the ACCEA proved the opposite. Artists of a younger generation managed to overcome the complex and the sensitivity left from the totalitarian regime and touch upon local issues and subjects, simultaneous with those which are contemporary in the West. For example, fear of discrimination and confrontation of the society against any kind of marginality and losing the ability to communicate (Astghik Gevorgian); fear of being a lonely leader of a revolution in vain (Sona Abgarian), intangible fears in the Armenian reality in early 1990's (Hovhannes Marganian). Other subjects included transformation of human body from nature to industry in the soviet context (David Kareyan). The goal of the exhibition was to discover the hidden, - and from at first sight unimportant, - side-factors that help formulate politics. There were also questions which needed deeper indulgence into the layers of the past: Isn't a society that had a painful past of total collectivism and aims to move towards individualism threatened by neo-collectivism? Today artists are occupied with authoritarian images and signs of the past as social commentaries to the present (Mher Azatian). Politics is a highly social phenomenon; society elects those who govern, and who are supposed to express collective will of the society. Even dictatorships under the yoke of which people suffer, come to power only because their entrance into the state institutions is prepared by conscious and unconscious desires, needs and malaise of the masses. Art often becomes a victim of politics (USSR, Hitler's Germany, etc) and goes through transformation adapting to the demands and dictates of the political apparatus. But politics itself sometimes undergoes multiple phases of transformation in artists' work, and presents itself in an aesthetic milieu, sometimes touching purely aesthetic issues laden with political overtones (Arthur Zakarian). Politics is a game. This famous aphorism passing through creative metamorphoses by an artist, gains a totally different meaning. Politics is not more serious than a child's play, and is as light and short-lived (Diana Hakobian). This is the rather ironic attitude of the artist towards seriousness with which society approaches politics. Maybe it is the state and the rulers that turn the individual into a toy with the aim of repressing every expression of individualism and reach "flattened" human attributes. It is much easier to rule "gray" and faceless masses. -- Angela Harutyunian is an MA student at Yerevan State University, and is a curator at the Armenian Center for Contemporary Experimental Art in Yerevan. She recenly curated the "Instinct to Create" exhibition of Tigran Khachatryan and "Crash # 60528" - a project of Hovhannes Margaryan. Her current research is on The Problem of Motion in Contemporary Sculpture.
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Spring 2022 - PSYC 352 OL01
Culture and Cognition (3)
Class Number: 1645
Delivery Method: Remote
Major theories, perspectives, research developments, and methods in cross-cultural developmental psychology. Topics include perception, attachment, social relationships, prosocial development, motor development, theory of mind, teaching and learning, language and communication, and play. Students with credit for PSYC 391, Selected Topics in Psychology: Culture and Cognition, may not take PSYC 352 for further credit.
The course will be taught remotely and asynchronous (with the exception of synchronous office hours). The course will provide you with a general introduction to major theories, perspectives, research developments and methods in the relatively young sub-field of cross-cultural developmental psychology. Specifically we will approach this topic from a social‐cognitive perspective, examining the impact of differences in parenting and the early social ecology of infants worldwide on development. Much of the research we will draw upon will be with infants, toddlers and preschoolers (0-5yrs) allowing us to examine the origins and implications of these early differences. We will cover topics such as emotion, perception, attachment and social relationships, prosocial development, motor development, theory of mind, teaching and learning, language and communication, and play. Within each of these topics, we will discuss the implications of these differences in experience on early social cognition–how we process and make sense of the world. Emphasis will be placed on fostering critical analysis of current theories and methodology, as well as discussing underlying assumptions in the developmental psychological literature. Students should leave the course with new questions regarding assumptions of child development as well as possess knowledge of the empirical details in support of both sides of these debates. These Q&A sessions will be short. Students will read one research article by the author prior to class. In class students will be assigned to teams to devise questions for the presenter.
COURSE-LEVEL EDUCATIONAL GOALS:
1) think critically about theories, methods, and research in developmental psychology,
2) outline the theoretical perspectives and guiding themes in the subfield of cross-cultural developmental psychology,
3) identify key points in an empirical research article and summarize them concisely, and
4) evaluate evidence and situate it within a broad framework.
- Weekly Quizzes: 50%
- Review Paper: 30%
- Cumulative Test: 20%
Culture and child development; Early experience and social-cognitive development; Parenting; Socialization; Social learning.
There is no textbook for this course.
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY: YOUR WORK, YOUR SUCCESS
SFU’s Academic Integrity web site http://www.sfu.ca/students/academicintegrity.html is filled with information on what is meant by academic dishonesty, where you can find resources to help with your studies and the consequences of cheating. Check out the site for more information and videos that help explain the issues in plain English.
Each student is responsible for his or her conduct as it affects the University community. Academic dishonesty, in whatever form, is ultimately destructive of the values of the University. Furthermore, it is unfair and discouraging to the majority of students who pursue their studies honestly. Scholarly integrity is required of all members of the University. http://www.sfu.ca/policies/gazette/student/s10-01.html
TEACHING AT SFU IN SPRING 2022
Teaching at SFU in spring 2022 will involve primarily in-person instruction, with safety plans in place. Some courses will still be offered through remote methods, and if so, this will be clearly identified in the schedule of classes. You will also know at enrollment whether remote course components will be “live” (synchronous) or at your own pace (asynchronous).
Enrolling in a course acknowledges that you are able to attend in whatever format is required. You should not enroll in a course that is in-person if you are not able to return to campus, and should be aware that remote study may entail different modes of learning, interaction with your instructor, and ways of getting feedback on your work than may be the case for in-person classes.
Students with hidden or visible disabilities who may need class or exam accommodations, including in the context of remote learning, are advised to register with the SFU Centre for Accessible Learning (email@example.com or 778-782-3112) as early as possible in order to prepare for the spring 2022 term.
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COVID-19 Updates: Visit our Learning Goes On site for news and resources for supporting educators, families, policymakers and advocates.
IDRA works with principal and instructional leadership teams to establish transformational approaches that build self-efficacy, a positive and inclusive school culture, data-informed instruction, and student-centered systems.
IDRA’s school improvement coaches work with district and campus leadership teams to help them polish their own skillsets that lead to effective delivery of high-quality deeper learning and evidence-based instruction. For example, IDRA’s Re-energizing Leadership to Achieve Greater Student Success project is helping principals and administrative team members in two school districts to more effectively improve student outcomes in diverse schools. That project built on IDRA’s School TurnAround and Reenergizing for Success (STAARS) Leaders project. Both of these examples were federally funded. IDRA also works with school leadership teams through other means.
IDRA supports all phases of effective emergent bilingual (English learner) student education, from planning through implementation, community engagement and sustainability for student success through training of mentors and coaches. Our work is informed by decades of research and real-world experience. See IDRA resources for schools, including our Semillitas de Aprendizaje™ early childhood bilingual supplemental curriculum and Good Schools and Classrooms for Children Learning English.
The IDRA EAC-South is one of four federally-funded centers that provide technical assistance and training at the request of school districts and other responsible governmental agencies to build capacity of local educators to ensure a more equitable learning environment for all students. See website
IDRA provides on-site and virtual training and technical assistance to thousands of teachers and students across the country and to schools, school districts and other groups. Sample service package include:
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As the interest in cryptocurrency is seemingly increasing in Africa more than in some of the globe’s developed economies, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has come out to embrace this nascent fintech by saying that Bitcoin and cryptocurrency businesses in Nigeria are not banned at all.
The CBN is not discouraging crypto users from dealing in digital currency trading. The greenlight has seen the number of bitcoin transactions in the African country increase dramatically, a thing that made the price of major cryptocurrencies such as XRP, THETA, Tether, Filecoin, Vechain, Tron, IOTA, Bitcoin SV, Kusama, and many others to also gain.
Nigeria is among the top three countries with the highest number of Bitcoin trading in the globe. Nigeria’s interest in cryptocurrency hit a peak during the summer of last year (of about $20,504.50), touching the highest peak since early 2018. In 2020, Nigerian citizens traded over $400 million worth of cryptocurrency on various domestic exchange platforms.
In the past 5 years, Nigerian cryptocurrency users have traded over 60,500 bitcoins, and this placed Nigeria second after the United States in terms of having the largest Bitcoin trading volumes.
According to the report by UsefulTulips, more than $32.3 mln (125.324 billion NGN) worth of BTC changed hands in October 2020 in Nigeria. Since May 2015, Bitcoin trading has been increasing at a rate of about 19% annually in Nigeria. Last year, BTC trading volume registered in Nigeria, was twice as much as that of the entire Eurozone, as per the data by Statista.
One of the reasons why Bitcoin transactions were high in October in the African giant was the government’s decision to stop protesters from accessing and using local payment podiums for raising funds to fuel demonstrations via donations. The protesters had to use other alternatives and among them was using Bitcoin, and in less than a week, BTC formed about 40% of the total donations collected worth $400k.
The government had to look at ways of preventing such mobilization and ways used by protesters to raise funds – and one of the ways was to ban cryptocurrency. Following the protests, the CBN released a statement that looked to be ordering the financial institutions operating in the country to close all the accounts linked to cryptocurrency trading.
The event brought in mixed reactions among citizens since most of them consider Bitcoin as a safe-haven, and the central bank was tasked to make more clarification on the move. However, immediately after the February 5 announcement about the ban of crypto, the Bitcoin trading volume on online exchanges in Nigeria dropped from about $7.7 million to $5.4 mln.
During the recently concluded 30th Seminar on Finance Correspondents and Business Editors that was organized by the central bank, Godwin Emefiele, CBN’s Governor clarified that they wanted to protect the banking industry from the illegal activities of cryptoassets but the move was not to bar crypto activities such as Bitcoin trading.
Following the good news from the Governor, Bitcoin prices increased from $56,733 to $59,615, and the entire market cap surged from $1.753 trillion to $1.806 tln but this was for a short time, it later declined slowly to now $53,514 due to other factors affecting the market.
However, Bitcoin is expected to surge again following the announcement by Elon Musk confirming that customers in the United States can now purchase a Tesla car using Bitcoin. According to experts including the founder of BTCC Bobby Lee, the price of BTC could skyrocket to about $300k in the latest bull-market rally.
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The Smoking Fetish. Scientific photography isn’t a creative subject as such. Some early colour photography was hand-tinted nevertheless it was quite uncommon and costly to create. There are a lot of problems in international trade as it is a international commerce and lots of research is to be finished before getting into into commerce with any company. In South Africa photographing individuals in public is authorized.
Another genre that is carefully linked is city photography, in which photographers seize road scenes in metropolis settings. 32 A consequence of this lengthy interval of existence of the copyright is that many family photographs which don’t have any market value, but vital emotional value, remain topic to copyright, even when the original photographer cannot be traced (an issue generally known as copyright orphan ), has given up photography, or died.
Wedding photography can also be one of many larger classes of business photography, with many photographers specializing in this service. Some individuals like some genres of photography more than others. All photographs taken at evening fall below the category of night photography. Observe that this doesn’t result in black corners in your photographs, because the center areas of a lens can still transmit gentle to the perimeters of your digital camera sensor.
Still life is a broader category for meals and some natural photography and can be used for promoting functions. At Adventure Journey, we not solely make your luxurious vacation happen, we take it to the subsequent level with our planning companies. Buyers who buy all these photographs from stock companies are accountable for following the licensing conditions.
Also typically referred to as concerned photography, the sort of photography highlights social issues, together with capturing the lives of impoverished or susceptible communities. In case of any delays, it is the responsibility of international freight delivery firm to inform the shopper. When used commercially, capturing family photos ought to feel genuine and actual.
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