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A Big Support For That Starting Business Tom Schmitz August 29, 2019 Tech news Starting a business is a big and difficult task. One needs some adjustments, create masses to be a source of income. There are a lot of modifications and work to do. To maintain growing such business one needs some support in terms of planning, back up and financials. A big help in increasing the profits and numbers of customers is already big support. This kind of service, it support manchester. A starting business will benefit big as it enhances sales and even helps when the situation is dire. Everyone is open to connect and seek advice on the team. A small business will grow by seeking help, by getting all the support in the computer systems. The service supports any contract This service does not only limit to helping small businesses. It also involves supporting contracts. Many ways and systems can this service give this back up to any small business want to grow and to climb up in the chains. It will strengthen contracts to stay a life long and to ensure the trust between partners. Security of business emails Spammers all around the world commonly target business email as one can benefit and get a ton of cash from it. These people will target those with a load of cash. This service will help the business be more secure and be warrier in such schemes. The team will put some back up to save files and also the computer system will search for thee scammers when the business will hit by such people. The team monitors every business data and files to make sure that all areas of one’s business are very safe. In business emails, all transactions and negotiations are in it. So as all the money and payments happening in the chain of business. Tips are also given by the team to help small businesses avoid such matters. One can access it through the internet and other websites available. Back up some data This computer system service also helps backup data being saved in every device. This is to avoid losing such important data and details especially when it revolves around business information. This style s is also dangerous when scammers on the online world target the file. In this matter, the computer system will lend a hand. One will save all the data, even deleted file will be restored at the same time locked it from people who steal emails and accounts. Back up some data is a big help so if the situation and circumstances occur one can steal get the file. For example, losing drives, losing emails and accounts. This system is an all-rounder, it works in everything, to store, to protect and to support. It is open to anyone, especially to the small business who seeks support in all areas.
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Exploring Undergraduate Options in Ireland.
Webinar 1: STEM Subjects
University College Dublin, University College Cork, National University of Ireland Galway, Limerick Institute of Technology
- 02 OCTOBER,
Webinar 2: Social Sciences, Business, Design and Art
Trinity College Dublin, Galway Mayo Institute of Technology, Shannon College of Hotel Management, University of Limerick, Dublin City University
- 02 OCTOBER,
About the Event:
Education in Ireland in partnership with The Red Pen presents a 2-part webinar series on exploring undergraduate options in Ireland. Ireland offers world-class education, a diverse range of degree options and globally-recognised qualifications. The post-study work visa allows students to stay in Ireland to work for at least two years after they finish their degree. In addition, students can partake in internships at Europe’s tech capital: Dublin. In this webinar, we will discuss:
- Application process to different Irish institutions
- Student life, extracurricular activities in Ireland,
- Advantages of studying in Ireland
- Employment/Recruiting and scholarship opportunities
About Education in Ireland:
Education in Ireland is the national brand of Enterprise Ireland, under the authority of the Minister for Education and Skills, Government of Ireland. The organisation is responsible for the promotion of Irish Higher Education Institutions overseas.
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Good Mental Health
Resources on trauma recovery, mental health awareness, mindfulness and spirituality.
Anxiety is hard. Worse yet, some of your tried and true habits are actually detrimental to your anxiety. But don't worry. Today in the Rain, we're going to look at your 5 worst anxiety habits, why they exist, and how to break them. Bad anxiety habits, begone! #mentalhealth #anxiety #worstanxietyhabits #anxietyattack
We are our own historians, just as we are our own visionaries for our future. Who we were, who we are, and who we will be depends mostly on the unique blend of facts, experiences, and details we decide to focus on. But instead of focusing on our potential, we tend to focus on our limitations. Diana Baker Brummer, Good Mental Health
Diana Baker Brummer, Good Mental Health LLC: Reflecting on last year’s goals and realizing you haven’t yet achieved them can be difficult. Even more difficult is setting the same goals year after year and never achieving the results you desire. What are your new goals for this New Year? And what goals have you rolled over from 2017?
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The principal question on everyone’s mind is: Is unwanted sleeping awful? This is just a common concern, particularly since we are surrounded by soft, comfy cushions and blankets. When someone leans directly into their side, it could sometimes seem as though they have been sleeping an alien mattress with arm-holes so that you could slice through them with a butter knife. Nevertheless, the actual answer is not any. Negative sleep is a perfectly ordinary way of sleeping, and sleeping in your side offers a number of advantages.
|How to Sleep For Your Side
The most important question on everybody’s mind is: Why Is unwanted sleeping bad? This is really just a common concern, particularly since we are surrounded with soft, comfortable pillows and blankets. Whenever somebody leans directly into their side, it could sometimes look like they have been sleeping an alien mattress with arm-holes so tiny you may slit them through with a butter knife. Nevertheless, the actual answer is no. Negative sleep is a totally normal method of sleepingsleep in your side offers quite a few advantages.
The most obvious benefit to side sleepers is the fact that it creates an even more relaxed environment. Sleeping on your stomach might cause pressure on your spine, particularly as you get old. A polyurethane foam mattress also reduces the quantity of pressure in your backbone by allowing the head and neck to fall to a natural position. In the event you lean far enough to the right or left, you will have enough support to maintain your spine aligned correctly.
Negative sleepers often have trouble receiving their mattress to match correctly. By sleeping in your own side, the mattress may adjust to the contours of the human body. Many brands of polyurethane foam mattress at the moment are including this crucial feature to their clients, however it is not always included. You need to check if your particular model includes a polyurethane foam mattress prior to buying.
Yet another advantage to sleeping in your side is the fact that it keeps your weight from your own spine. Whenever your spine stays in alignment, your entire body benefits. Not only does it reduce the chance of throat and back pain and also help promote good posture, however it also promotes proper spinal alignment. If you see it, then you may notice that the ideal mattress for the spine is really a memory foam mattress.
Most polyurethane foam mattresses are present in many distinct models, however the hottest include the ProEdge and the Sleep Comfort mattress series. Every one of them has a distinctive design, & many are designed to provide consistent support during the entire mattress. One thing you ought to be certain you search for when evaluating that mattress show you should buy is the”Layla” design. The Layla refers to the fundamental”disk” of this mattress. Each disc is encompassed by a series of smaller disks , which provide the mattress its unique comfort coating. You may be acquainted with this model , as it’s featured in many Sealy, Serta and Simmons mattresses.
Choosing the proper pillow also helps you receive the proper quantity of sleep. As you spend as long on your own side, you will want to get a pillow that offers adequate neck support. There are lots of models offering adjustable neck aid as well, that may allow you to boost or lower the amount of support needed. An unhealthy sleeping posture may also influence your sleep. By way of example, a badly positioned pillow may make it hard for your head to fall back in to the foam, which can inevitably cause throat pain.
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Sixty-five percent of college seniors graduating from private or public college have accumulated student loan debt. Of that group, the debt averages out to around $29,200 per person.1 And while student loan debt is a burden to any graduate, it can have a surprisingly negative effect on HENRYs, or those considered to be a high earner, not rich yet. Below we’re discussing why high earning millennials are feeling just as stressed, if not more, about their looming debt as their peers.
Who Are HENRYs?
As mentioned above, HENRY stands for “high earner, not rich yet.” A common phrase in the world of finances, these are typically young professionals who are earning high incomes, but due to expenses or debt, they are not yet able to accumulate net worth.
Student Debt Problems For HENRYs
Millennials across the board are faced with an immense amount of student loan debt. But for HENRYs, in particular, there are a few special circumstances that can make the weight of their debt feel even heavier.
Imagine loading up on extra classes, pulling frequent all-nighters, tackling residencies and more to earn a degree and find yourself in a well-deserved high paying job. Now, imagine having to live paycheck to paycheck, even as you’re earning a much higher salary than others your age. That’s the reality many HENRYs who’ve accumulated student debt face. And because of this, they’re experiencing debt stress that their lower-income peers may not feel to the same extent.
Debt stress is a real issue that can be physically experienced by those facing large amounts of debt. The stress felt by the weight of debt bearing down can manifest itself in many ways, including fear, panic, anger and denial.2
The more money HENRYs make, the higher tax bracket they end up in. And while student loan debt and interest can bring some relief to millennials, the more you make – the less relief is given, in most cases. So HENRYs are faced with both a bigger chunk of their paycheck going towards Uncle Sam while still being responsible for paying back student loan debt month after month.
No Time for Extra Income
These days, you may be hardpressed to find a millennial who isn’t working on a side hustle. Whether it’s driving for a rideshare company, blogging for money, picking up a shift in retail or selling crafts online, lots of people pursue a second job to help offset their monthly spending and student debt. But when it comes to HENRYs, they’re often faced working long or odd hours their lower-income counterparts may not be experiencing. Especially if these HENRYs are entering into their first real job or they’re still lower on the corporate ladder, they could be expected to put in longer days than the typical 9 to 5. This leaves them with little time or energy to pursue a hobby or commit to a second job.
With student loan debt standing at $1.48 trillion, a majority of today’s millennials are faced with how to pay down their portion while growing their savings and building net worth.3 And for those who worked hard all through college to land a high paying job, student debt can be a crippling and unforeseen hindrance on their personal finances.
This content is developed from sources believed to be providing accurate information, and provided by Twenty Over Ten. It may not be used for the purpose of avoiding any federal tax penalties. Please consult legal or tax professionals for specific information regarding your individual situation. The opinions expressed and material provided are for general information, and should not be considered a solicitation for the purchase or sale of any security.
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Whomp, whomp. Summer is over. And with it goes the fancy summer reading programs at libraries. Now, reading isn’t just for fun, it’s for learning.
Keeping your kids motivated to read is super challenging. But there are tons of great (and often FREE) ways to grow a love of reading.
As we enter a new school year, state tests are pretty far away. But it doesn’t hurt to do your homework now and get prepared for the spring.
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Sir John Franklin Memorial
Richard Westmacott, Jr (1799-1872)
c.8' high x 10' wide
Vestibule of the Old Royal Naval College Chapel, Greenwich, London SE10
The inscription on the plinth under the list of the expedition members reads:
BENEATH LIE THE REMAINS / OF ONE OF FRANKLIN'S COMPANIONS / WHO PERISHED IN THE ARCTIC REGIONS / 1848 / DISCOVERED AND BROUGHT AWAY FROM / KING WILLIAM'S LAND” by CAPTAIN HALL / THE UNITED STATES ARCTIC EXPLORER / 1869.
Photographs, captions, and Commentary below by Jacqueline Banerjee, with many thanks to the Old Royal Naval College, Greenwich, for permission to reproduce the pictures. [Click on all images for larger pictures.]
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A missile is an object propelled, usually artificially, in a manner against the force of gravity. That is, an object launched laterally across the earth's surface, or directly up, is a missile, but one dropped to act in accord with gravity is not.
While the term "missile" most commonly carries the connotation of warfare and perhaps nuclear weapons, the definition compasses more benign uses as well: missile technology is the foundation of the modern NASA space program, which has led to space travel.
Any major United States Armed Forces military base with missiles and hence likely nuclear weapon capabilities make it one of the primary targets among the world's major nuclear target structures in a possible nuclear war. Based with missiles being a "first strike" nuclear war target is mostly due to missile silos, bomber bases, submarine bases, and command and control (C2) centers. The enemy must neutralize these assets immediately to prevent or minimize American nuclear or other military retaliation.
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Israeli appeasement and Palestinian violence
May 21, 2021
(Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies via JNS) — Rarely do politicians have the opportunity to test the implications of their policy within a day.
In Israel, the land of miracles, such an opportunity occurred on May 9-10, when the Israeli government and its more than willing officialdom decided on Jerusalem Day to follow in the footsteps of the 1930s British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain: total appeasement of an implacable enemy.
This began with the acquiescence of the judicial branch — one that famously doesn’t bow to external pressure — to the Attorney General’s request...
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SUB_TRAKT is an interactive installation by Anne Niemetz and Holger Förterer, developed in 2002.
A space inside or close to a building is observed by a camera from above. Movements of people inside the observed space create acoustic responses on a four-channel sound system that is installed above the space. Every object creates a sound structure that changes according to size, speed and distance of the objects to one another.
In a separate space, a continuative and more complex interpretation of the captured movements is performed. An image of a three-dimensional cuboid is projected that matches the space observed by the camera. Movements of people inside the observation space cut into the virtual matter of the cuboid and leave traces that slowly fill up again. The relation of positive, filled, and negative, empty, space is thus reversed in this time lapse sculpture.
The slowly evolving surround sound that accompanies the sculptural projection depends on the structure of the virtual matter. Relevant parameters for sound generation are the respective base areas of the elevations, the average height of the lanes as well as the volume's development over time.
To determine if and how the installation would change the behavior of the people, the motion patterns of every day were cartographed for two weeks: one week before and one week during the interactive presentation. Above you can see some of these motion maps in which the paths of people were rendered as if painted with thin layers of white transparent ink. High brightness in a region meens a lot of motion has occurred there.
The images have a certain logic. The left map was recorded in the week before the presentation. During this week, you could for example see if it had been raining on a certain day so that more people took the detour from the parking lot through the building instead of walking through bad weather. You could also clearly see the movement patterns changing during special events like a student assembly (central picture, lower left) or the afterhour (picture on the right).
The work was shown in Karlsruhe (2002), Santiago (2003) and Kortrijk (2006).
Project website: www.subtrakt.de
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Source: | Natural Foods Merchandiser
A decades-old chemical found in most deodorant and antibacterial bar soaps could be harmful to nursing babies when mom uses it, according to a new University of Tennessee study conducted in rats.The study, unveiled at the Endocrine Society’s annual meeting in June, found that when female rats were fed triclocarban (TCC)— a ubiquitous bactericide found in antibacterial bar soap, deodorant and wipes—pups who nursed from them gained less weight and were significantly less likely to survive.”This information provides supporting evidence for the potential adverse effects of TCC exposure during early life,” the study concluded. We asked lead author Rebekeh Kennedy, a UT graduate student pursing a master’s in public health and nutrition, how she did the study and what consumers should make of it.
Natural Foods Merchandiser: What does previous research say about triclocarban?
Rebekeh Kennedy: Research has shown it has the potential to disrupt the endocrine system—particularly thyroid processes. Research conducted at UT has also shown the chemical has the potential to increase sex organ weights in adult male rats. We wanted to see if such effects would be more profound if exposure occurred during pregnancy or nursing.
NFM: How did you do the study?
RK: We had three groups of pregnant rats: one control group; and two groups that were given different amounts of TCC in their food from day five of their pregnancy until postnatal day 21. The level of TCC found in the blood of the exposed maternal rats corresponded to levels in humans after a 5-minute whole body shower using a bar soap containing triclocarban. At birth, some pups were moved between each group so that each mother nursed some of her own pups as well as pups from the other two treatment groups. (This way, some pups were born of TCC- exposed mothers but nursed from mothers who were not exposed, and vice versa.) The offspring were weighed daily.
NFM: What did you find?
RK: No matter what group they were born to, if they nursed from TCC-supplemented rats, they were less likely to survive. In the medium group (nursing from moms supplemented with 0.2 percent TCC) only 13 percent of the pups survived, and they weighed roughly half that of the control group.In the high-dose group (nursing from moms supplemented with 0.5 percent TCC) none of the pups survived past day six. Meanwhile, 100 percent of the pups who nursed from the control moms survived, regardless of their in-utero exposure.
NFM: Should nursing moms avoid antibacterial bar soap?
RK: There is a time and place for antibacterial bar soaps, such as in health care settings where the chance of infection and transmission is high. Certain people, whose immune system is compromised, may also need them. But for the average person, antibacterial soap is no more effective than regular soap.
NFM: How can people avoid triclocarban?
RK: Just look on the ingredients list. If the soap contains it, the list may include “triclocarban.” If a label reads antimicrobial, it could be in there.
NFM: What is the take-home message?
RK: This is just one study. More research would be needed before applying these findings to humans. But I think the take-home message for nursing mothers and the general public is that they should be mindful of what they are putting on and in their bodies.This study and the ongoing review of triclosan (another antimicrobial found in liquid soap) by the Food and Drug Administration are bringing attention to the fact that there are products in everyday use that might have unintended effects.
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about Places of the 1 in 4
2014 - present
The title of Places of the 1 in 4 refers to the statistic that one in four girls will be sexually assaulted before becoming eighteen but assault occurs without regard for gender, orientation, race or age. There were 660 reports of sexual assault made to the Austin Police Department in one year. As disparate as the victims, so are the locations where assault occurs. Each location becomes the subject of a formal portrait with camera, tripod and shutter release.
Proceeds from this project will benefit SAFE Alliance (SafePlace and Austin Children's Shelter), RAINN (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Hotline) and other organizations providing prevention, education and victim services.
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So many avenues of research here, take your time, take notes, make a plan & follow-through.
Know you can easily heal from this, understand & remove all unnatural stressors from the organism, decide the times you will use electronics, the times you will sleep, eat & make these first structure changes targets you can achieve.
As you explore more decide when you will test good ideas & start to play with the free resources you have like sun, breath, grounding & sleep first
Get excited you are going to love this journey once you get started & committed
Add some Raw Organic Vegetables today
Understand what causes Cancer & How to heal
Multiple video playlist / Gain Deep Understanding
What are you willing to stop , to get things how you want them to be
Start with REAL Rejuvenating Healing SLEEP!
Test healthy actions on yourself & report progress to your loved ones
Sustainable, Hormone Ballancing, Lifestyle & Nurishment
Healing Hormone Balancing Nutrition
Now you know all this choose to Invest time in
Healing or Distrupting Repair
Rejenerating or Acidosis
Choose to experience love or hate
Do you spend any time in unhealthy environments? Or doing actions that damage your cells , microbiome & emotional state?
You must Ballance this time with environments and actions that promote health and create safe spaces to heal
Ultimately Now Understand
How can I enprove the the quality of my life?
What environments of mine are best for Healing?
How much more time can I enjoy in a Healing Environment?
What Actions of mine created this current state?
How dose the body clear out the waste by products of cellular respiration system?
What do we call it when we have to much acid to clear it all away?
What Actions will encourages healing???
What are the healthiest things I can enjoy?
Foods as Medicine?
Best natural environments to heal?
What are the best ways I can enjoy this journey back to optimal health?
This website is full of video playlists so you can understand healing & stay healthy . In the right environment We are all self healing ,self regulating, self sustaing orginisim. You don’t have to fight lables describing your current state & playing alopathic systems game, treating symptoms with drugs that prevent us healing comfortabley & naturaly.
know what health is, do more healthy things, injest less toxins , cleans you systems more, stay active, love food, share time with communities, love time in nature, time in the flow, loving yourself greatful for the hurdles, greatful for the adventure, connected & commited loving every step of this journey
& Get to know
What caused cellular disfunction to accumulate in your body?
Healing Sun Rise & Set light benifits!
Raw living Foods Benifits!
An Enjoyable Flowing Movement System
Grounding to the earths negative charge!
Healing music / Frequencys
- Courses | Health Emerson
- Self Healng Wisdom
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I was stumped where I had to setup a light scene in XSI, as I had never felt the need for lighting scenes properly. Managing Shadows and Shadow Objects was also a critical need. So, I thought I should write a blog about it as it may help people who are either new to setting up shadows in XSI or just for the heck of it.
I also hit this post, which helped me initially set up a light scene but then I reckoned, XSI has a built in Shadow Toolbar in the Net View, which can really speed things up for you. The English in the post I linked is a bit hard to understand for the fast reader, so I’ll go over the method here as well.
If you want your scene to have a more realistic look, you can create shadows that appear to be cast by the objects in your scene. Shadows can make all the difference in a scene: a lack of them can create a sterile environment, whereas the right amount can make the same scene delightfully moody.
Shadows are controlled independently for each light source. This means that a scene can have some lights casting shadows and others not.
To create a shadow, you must set up three things:
• A light that generates shadows.
• Objects that cast and receive shadows.
• Rendering options that render shadows.
Types of Shadows
There are three basic kinds of shadows you can create:
• Ray traced shadows that use the ray tracing renderer. The shadows are very realistic but take longer to render. For information about creating ray traced shadows,
• Shadow-mapped shadows that use the scan line renderer. They are quick to render, but not as accurate as ray traced shadows. Shadow-mapping works only with spotlights.
• Soft shadows that are created by defining area lights. Area lights need to be rendered with the ray tracing renderer to obtain soft shadows.
Rendering Methods for Shadows
You can render all of the types of shadows listed in the previous section using different rendering methods. They are:
• Regular shadows perform a basic, simple rendering of the shadows. The amount of light from a light source that passes through a shadow-casting object is determined. The shadow shaders are used in random order.
• Sort shadows are similar to Regular shadows but use the shadow shaders differently. The shadow-casting objects are sorted so that the shadow shader of the object closest to the illuminated point is processed first and the object closest to the light is preprocessed last.
• Segment shadows also sort the shadow shaders in a specific fashion. When Segment is chosen, shadows are computed by tracing the segments (between the illumination point, the occluding objects, and the light source) and applying volume shaders to these segments (shadow segments).
This process slows down rendering, but is required if volume effects are to cast shadows.
• None does not allow the light to compute shadows. This option is usually used to speed up rendering.
Method I – Partitions
If you do not know what Partitions are, you might want to visit XSI’s documentation. There is nothing to it actually; it clearly provides you with a grouping of objects in scenes. If you apply a behavior to a partition, all objects in the partition automatically follow that behavior and eventually it won’t affect objects in other partitions.
For those of you who like to do shadow passes by overriding primary and secondary rays, I personally find that to be more time consuming. So, I have chosen to make shadow passes using Simple Shadow and Shadow Illumination properties in the render tree applied with an override on the surface for the objects material.
My example is just a scene with two primitives. It does not matter what you use. Just know that you need three partitions.
• Partition 1 contains Simple shadow objects (objects that will cast shadow)
• Partition 2 contains Shadow objects (objects that receive Shadow)
• Partition 3 contains lights emitting shadow rays.
You can create a partition in XSI, in this way:
In the render toolbar, go to Pass->Partition->New Partition. To know which object to add to a partition, follow on.
My scene contains two objects.
A cone in the Simple Shadow Partition (Shadow caster)
A Grid in the Shadow Partition (Shadow Receiver).
A light in the Background Lights partition.
Simple Shadow Partition
Add a material-surface parameter to the override by selecting a surface node inside the shader tree.
Open the render tree by pressing 7.
Inside the render tree add a simple shadow node. If you can’t see anything in the Render tree, then you don’t have any object selected in the correct partition.
Connect the node to the override Material-surface input.
Now for the shadow partition you are going to repeat the first few steps.
*Add an override to the Shadow partition.
*Add a material-surface parameter to the override by selecting a surface node inside the shader tree.
*Open the render tree by pressing 7.
Inside the render tree add a Shadow node and a constant node.
Connect the Shadow node to the color input for Constant and the constant to the override Material-surface input.
Things to note… I added a constant in between the shadow and the material override to give light a stop point for the shadow rays.
I am adding an override to the light, because I usually have many lights in the scene and the lights affect the environment. It is easier to override a light than to hide it in every pass. So I can use a light as part of my rig and also as my shadow light for my shadow pass.
For the light partition in my shadow pass, I add intensity and shadow parameter.
When the dialog box comes up just say you want to add them as parameters.
Add your intensity value and check shadows.
That will tell XSI to turn the shadow rays in the light on.
Things to be concerned about before rendering:
Antialiasing and Optimization
Antialiasing changes how close the object is or if your production has presets to follow. I did a test a moment ago and in your computer a min of 1 and a max of 3 will be fine for a shadow pass.
For Optimization it is recommended to use a diagnostic mode and depth to determine the proper BSP settings. Nevertheless, I have found that a min of 20 and a max of 60 will work.
Also make sure that you have enabled ray tracing on in order for shadows to render.
For reflection and refraction; regular shadow presets are fine.
Change your region settings to show alpha and you should be able to see shadows.
Now if you show alpha and rgb on shaded mode. This is what you will get.
Have fun and I how this was helpful.
Method II – Light Tools 2.0 Add-on in XSI
You can get the Light Add on from the NetView (Alt+5) in Windows or you can go to
-Once you have the toolbar open, create a light, preferably spot or point light.
–Click on contribute and enable diffuse and specular as required.
–Now click on shadows and select shadows on.
-If you want Soft Shadows, select Area Lights. If you want a Shadow Map, you can select Shadow Map.
You can perform these steps by entering the Lights properties as well.
-Now click on Region and enable shadows if you want shadows for a specific area and if you do not want all objects in your scene to have shadows.
– Open the light’s property window and make sure everything you created is set up correctly.
– Draw a render region and make sure you have Alpha Blended RGB Enabled, and you’ll see a shadow for your object.
Method III – XSI’s way
Honestly, I could not get this to work myself initially but this may be the alternative way if you want to set up shadows in XSI. In fact, this is the right way. Text in this method has been adopted from XSI’s documentation.
Creating Ray traced Shadows
Raytracing involves calculating how light rays are reflected, refracted, and obstructed. It gives very realistic results, but it can be a time-consuming process. The more lights used to generate shadows, the longer the scene takes to render.
To create raytraced shadows
1. Select a light in the viewport and choose Modify > Shader from the Render toolbar to display the selected light’s property editor.
2. On the General tab of the light property editor, select Shadows Enabled.
3. Set the Umbra value with its slider.
This defines a transparency factor on the umbra (main) area of the shadow (default 0.75). It controls how the shadow blends with the material on which it is cast to create a more realistic shadow.
4. Before rendering, choose Render > Render > Options from the Render toolbar to open the rendering options property editor for the current render pass and set the following options:
5. On the Optimization tab, set Ray Tracing to Enable (deselect Scanline Mode).
6. On the Shadows tab and in the Raytraced section, select a Shadow Type rendering method: either Sort, Segmented, or Regular.
7. To view raytraced shadows in the render region, select Render > Region> Options and set the same options by clicking the Copy Options from Render button.
If you wish to turn the shadows off or make them invisible, you must deselect the Shadows option in an object’s Visibility property editor, as well as in the Optimization tab of the Render Options property editor.
Creating Shadow-Mapped Shadows
Shadow mapping, also known as depth-mapped shadows, works only with spotlights having a cone angle less than 90 degrees. It uses a modified z-buffer (depth) algorithm to create shadows more quickly but less precisely than those created with raytracing.
This algorithm calculates color and depth (z-channel) information for each pixel, based on its surface and distance from the camera. Before rendering starts, a shadow map is generated for the light (if one does not already exist).
This map contains information about the scene from the perspective of the light’s origin. The information describes the distance from the light to objects in the scene and the color of the shadow on that object.
During the rendering process, the light will be cut off at the distances specified by the depth map. This saves a tremendous amount of rendering time because the renderer needs only to check the depth map to determine which parts of a surface are shadowed and which aren’t.
Keep in mind that the more lights used to generate shadows, the longer the render times.
To create shadow-mapped shadows
1. Select a spotlight and open its property editor by choosing Modify > Shader on the Render toolbar.
2. In the Light property editor, click the General tab and select Shadows Enabled.
3. To use shadow maps, click the Shadow Map tab and select Use Shadow Map.
4. Set the Resolution to determine the quality of the shadow map (width and height of the map buffer). A high-resolution setting increases memory usage and rendering time.
Raising the shadow map resolution should not be the first thing you do to solve shadow problems, such as artifacts. Try adjusting the Bias parameter, which does not add to your rendering time.
5. Set the Bias to control the distance offset to add to the shadow map.
Bias is a number that gets added to each distance measurement in the shadow map. Essentially, it pushes the shadow’s start-distance further out from the light. Increase the bias to slide the shadow further away from the surface casting the shadow, for cases where the shadow starts too soon. Modifying the Bias helps to eliminate shadow overrun (self-shadowing) or shadow artifacts if the shadow map algorithm fails to generate the depth value accurately.
Generally, a scene built on a larger scale might need a higher bias, and a scene built on a very small scale might need a lower bias.
6. Set the Softness to determine the type of shadow. A value of 0 results in hard-edged shadows. Higher values create longer, smoother shadows, but take longer to render.
7. Set the Samples to adjust the shadow’s resolution. High sample values yield a higher render quality, but increase rendering time.
8. Select Enable Shadow Map in Region to activate shadow maps in the render region.
9. Select Enable Shadow Map in All Passes to activate shadow maps in the render options of all render passes.
Although the default settings use shadows in the render region and during the final render, you may need to do the following to complete the shadow map effect:
10. Select the objects whose shadows you want to cast and display their Visibility property editor. Click the Rendering tab and make sure that both Shadow Caster and Receiver options are enabled. For more information, see Shadow Casters and Receivers.
11. To view the shadow map in the render region, draw a region (press q) and choose Render > Region > Options from the Render toolbar to open the View Rendering Options property editor.
12. On the Shadows tab:
– Select Enable to activate shadow maps in the render region.
– Select the Rebuild option to recalculate the shadow map at every frame. This is necessary only when the shadows change, due to an animated light or object, for example.
– Set the shadow map Type. Default is the standard shadow map setting, while OpenGL Accelerated takes advantage of your graphics card’s OGL rendering capabilities to speed up shadow map rendering.
The extent to which you can use OpenGL shadow map acceleration depends the graphics card and/or drivers on the machine that you are using to render the shadow map. Keep the following restrictions in mind:
• If your graphics card and/or drivers do not fully support OpenGL accelerated shadow maps, enabling them may introduce distortion and surface artifacts that are undesirable in a final quality render.
If this is the case, accelerated shadow maps should be used for rough preview renders only.
• OpenGL accelerated shadow map rendering may not work at all with some graphics cards and/or drivers. If this is the case, the shadow map rendering mode simply reverts to Default.
• If you are rendering using a renderfarm, each client machine must have identical graphics cards and drivers that fully support OpenGL shadow map acceleration.
If client machines have different graphics cards and drivers, each machine is likely to produce different shadow map results, depending on the degree to which they support shadow map acceleration.
– If your scene has motion blur, you may want to enable the Motion Blurred Shadow Maps option.
13. Before rendering, choose Render > Render > Options from the Render toolbar to open the Rendering Options property editor for the current render pass and set the following options:
– On the Optimization tab, select the Scanline renderer option (deselect Raytracing).
– On the Active Effects tab, select the Shadow Type rendering method for your scene: Regular, Sort, or Segment. For more information on Shadow types, see Rendering Methods for Shadows.
– On the Shadows tab, set the shadow map options described in step 11(the shadow map options in the render region options property editor are identical to those in the render options property editor).
Creating Soft Shadows with Area Lights
Area lights are a special kind of point light and spotlight. The rays emanate from a geometric area instead of a single point. This is useful for creating soft shadows with both an umbra (the full shadow where an object blocks all rays from the light) and a penumbra (the partial shadow where an object blocks some of the rays).
The shadow’s relative softness (the relation between the umbra and penumbra) is affected by the shape and size of the light’s geometry. You can choose from four shapes and set the size as you wish.
To determine the amount of illumination on a surface, a sample of points is distributed evenly over the area light geometry. Rays are cast from each sample point; all, some, or none of the rays may be blocked by an object. This creates a smoothly graded penumbra.
Avoid using shadow-mapped shadows at the same time with area lights. Artifacts may occur within your scene.
To define an area light
1. Select a point or spotlight and choose Modify > Shader from the Render toolbar to display the selected light’s property editor.
2. In the light property editor, open the Area tab and select Area Light.
3. Activate the Visible in render option to have the area light’s geometry appear in the rendered image.
The rendered area light uses the light color and intensity defined in the soft_light page of the light’s property editor
Having area lights visible in the render is useful when you want lights to show up in reflections.
4. Select a Geometry for the area light to use. The geometry can be a Rectangle, Disc, Sphere or Cylinder. This determines the shape of the surface from which the light rays emanate.
Cylindrical area lights are always open at both ends.
5. Set the Sampling sliders to control the size of the grid of sample points on the surface of the area light in the U and V directions. Values greater than 5 take longer to render.
Because each area light is sampled multiple times, the sampling level for the render pass can be lowered even for high-quality renders. For more information on rendering options, see Managing Rendering Options in the Rendering guide.
6. If necessary, adjust the size and orientation of the area light’s geometry as described in the following section.
Shadow Casters and Receivers
In the real world, a shadow is created when one object prevents light rays from reaching another object. The object blocking the light is said to cast a shadow onto the other object, which receives it. In XSI, you can control whether scene objects cast and receive shadows by adjusting their visibility properties.
By default, every object is both a shadow caster and a shadow receiver, but you can deactivate either of these properties to control the scenes shadows more precisely.
Toggling shadow casting/receiving gives you a very granular control over shadows in your scenes. You can, for example, control which shadows appear in each of your render passes, or create shadow-only objects that cast a simplified (but visually satisfactory) shadow for a complex object whose shadows would otherwise take a long time to render.
To toggle shadow casting and/or receiving
1. Select the object whose shadow casting and/or receiving you wish to toggle, and open an explorer (press 8).
2. Expand the object’s hierarchy and click its Visibility node to open the object’s Visibility property editor.
3. On the Rendering tab, toggle the Shadow > Caster and/or Shadow > Receiver options as needed.
Creating Shadow Objects
An object’s shadow caster and receiver settings allow you to render its shadows without actually rendering the object itself. This type of object — often called a shadow object — is typically used to create fast-rendering shadows for a complex object whose outline is comparatively simple. Using a simple shadow object to create the shadows reduces rendering time because its shadow is calculated faster than the original object’s.
To create a shadow object
1. Select an object from which you want to create a shadow object.
2. Click the Selection button in the Select panel to display the selected object’s node.
3. Click the Visibility node to open the object’s Visibility property editor.
4. From the Ray Visibility options, deactivate Primary and Secondary.
5. From the Shadow options, activate Caster and deactivate Receiver.
When you render your scene, you can reduce the pre-processing time by activating the Separate BSP for Shadow Objects option on the Optimization tab of the Render Options property editor.
Ok, that was a veeery long post, but I hope this covers almost everything on creating shadows in XSI. If you have a question, please ask.
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Four years ago, China seized the Scarborough Shoal from the Philippines in an act of aggression that provoked protests by Filipinos in cities around the world. A large coral atoll with a reef-rimmed lagoon, Scarborough Shoal lies about 120 nautical miles (222 km, 138 miles) from the Philippine coast. China could create a “strategic triangle” for controlling the South China Sea by building an artificial island and military base there, and the Philippine’s new president, Rodrigo Duterte, seems willing to essentially let China have it (formally giving Beijing sovereignty could be grounds for his impeachment).
That’s a dramatic policy shift from his predecessor, Benigno Aquino III, who challenged Beijing’s aggression in an international tribunal and won, with a July 12 ruling by the Permanent Court of Arbitration in the Hague invalidating China’s sweeping maritime claims. It was a huge victory for the Philippines, but by that time Duterte was in power, and he’s seemed uninterested in using the result to rally international pressure against China.
In recent months, Duterte has been cozying up to Beijing while lashing out at the US, along with the EU, UN, and human rights groups, for their criticism of his anti-drug war, which has seen thousands killed outside the due process of the law. This week, Duterte will make a state visit to China.
Duterte’s shift toward Bejing looks to be a major change not only for the Philippines, but for the entire Asia-Pacific region, argues Richard Javad Heydarian, a political scientist at De La Salle University in Manila and author of Asia’s New Battlefield: The USA, China, and the Struggle for the Western Pacific.
We asked Heydarian how Duterte is viewed by China, how his relationship with the US will evolve, and how the mercurial leader will be perceived in the Philippines after his “honeymoon period” ends. The interview has been lightly edited for length and clarity.
Quartz: In terms of the Philippines dealing with China’s aggression in the South China Sea, how might things have been different with someone besides Duterte in power?
Heydarian: I think if Aquino were still in power or his anointed successor Mar Roxas were to be elected as the Philippine president, and the arbitration outcome was as straightforward against China, then most likely the Philippines would have adopted what I call a Nicaragua option. I’m looking at the precedence of Nicaragua vs. the US in the 1980s, where the US, similar to China, boycotted the whole arbitration case at the International Court of Justice and then rejected the unfavorable outcome. Then Nicaragua went every single year to the UN in different international fora, embarrassing the US, calling it a bully, and trying to mobilize the international community to force the US to comply with it. Eventually the US complied in an indirect, partial way.
I think that would have been the option of the Philippines, that immediately after the release of the arbitration outcome, the Philippines would have released a very strongly worded statement in the ASEAN, in the G-20, in the G-7 summit, in the UN General Assembly. Of course China could turn it down right and left, but the accumulative impact would have been huge for China.
In fact, the Chinese were somehow worried about that scenario, that the Philippines would have been on this very aggressive diplomatic offensive. Not to mention the Philippines would extend assistance to Vietnam, Indonesia, and other countries in terms of their own potential legal warfare. The Philippines could have called on other countries to join it in a class suit, like legal warfare, and also use arbitration to give a legal pretext for the United States, Japan Self-Defense Forces, the Royal Australian Navy to conduct more aggressive and sustained so-called freedom-of-navigation operations close to artificially created islands in the Spratly chain of islands.
All of these options were on the table and then Duterte said, “None of them.” Duterte very clearly said, “This is a purely bilateral issue. It’s between the Philippines and China, I’m not going to raise it in any international forum, including the ASEAN.”
What has been the impact of Duterte’s heated rhetoric against the US?
It looked like Duterte was pivoting away from the US toward the Chinese camp. This is where a lot of countries were caught off guard. Suddenly now you have this strange situation whereby it’s Singapore, the most economically exposed country to China, that is calling for compliance to the arbitration outcome. Of course, you know that they’re having their own tiffs with China over the issue.
Duterte’s saying, “I’m going to get out of the US Alliance and I’m going to build a new alliance with China and Russia.” This was a huge, huge swing from the Aquino period of counter-balancing against China, of siding with the US and Japan against China, to now suddenly saying, “I don’t want to be with the US. I want to join the Chinese and Russians.” Even if this is so far just pure rhetoric, if not bluster, it has had huge short-term impact.
The most immediate was that Duterte single-handedly undermined America’s plans of using the legal warfare as a pretext to step up its military footprint, along with France, to constrain China’s assertiveness in the South China Sea. [US] president [Barack] Obama wanted to use the arbitration outcome … to call upon the international community to pressure China to comply with it. But because of Duterte’s 180-degree shift on the position, president Obama looked isolated during the ASEAN summit. Some of the EU officials also told me, “Why should we take the hardline position when the very country that initiated the case is suddenly sounding completely different?”
There was definitely huge short-term shock to all those prepared for a “contstrainment” strategy against China—not a containment, because China is too important and too economically integrated to contain. You can constrain China by mobilizing diplomatic pressure, by conducting more multilateral exercises among like-minded countries. [But] Duterte essentially cleared the deck so the poker game had to start from scratch.
How will Duterte’s relationship with the US evolve?
There’s this huge commotion that perhaps under Duterte the Philippines is going to be the next Venezuela, that Duterte is a Hugo Chavez and he’s going to extract the Philippines out of the US camp and jump into bed with the Chinese and Russians. I think that’s going a little bit too far. I think the more likely scenario for Duterte is that he’s going to go the Erdogan or Turkish way. If you have noticed Turkey, they have a very colorful strongman, too, called Mr. Erdogan.
Erdogan has a very questionable human rights record. Whenever [he] has come under attack [for this] by the US and EU… he just threatens them with access to military bases, or he conducts diplomatic visits to Russia and he flirts with China. But at the end of the day, military-to-military relations continue despite all the diplomatic toxicity.
I think Duterte may tinker here and there with existing agreements with the US, particularly those exercises in the South China Sea that are a sore in the eye of the Chinese. In exchange for that, [he might] ask the Chinese to give us concessions in the Scarborough Shoal, in terms of fishery access, and some sort of a non-aggression pact, whereby the Chinese will give us assurances that they will not impose or implement an ADIZ or any kind of exclusion zone within areas where we have personnel and territory.
What about the possibility of China building a military base at Scarborough Shoal?
I think the Chinese are going to have a hard time suspending any construction activities in the Scarborough Shoal forever. I think it’s possible the Chinese, in the short run, may suspend any construction activities in the Scarborough Shoal to facilitate a warming-up of relations with Duterte.
How does China view Duterte?
The Chinese themselves have some legitimate worries. One is that Duterte’s such a mercurial person that there’s no assurance that later on he will not turn on China, for whatever reason. He may be powerful, he may be determined, but it’s hard to predict him.
The second thing is, they don’t know if Duterte will last. That’s a problem. There’s no guarantee that Duterte can last long in power if he continues to do what he’s doing, which is alienating all the important external and domestic variables and forces. So I think the Chinese will think twice before making any huge agreement with him because the sustainability of that agreement is under question.
The Chinese are actually in a very tough position too. They don’t know how much should they bet on this guy. He’s giving them a unique opportunity—never in the history of the Philippines have you had president like this. But at the same time, the risk is too high. So let’s see how wild of a gambler Xi Jinping is, especially as [the Chinese] head toward their own leadership transition in 2017.
So if China doesn’t give Duterte a big concession of some sort, what might it give him?
What could happen is some sort of provisional agreement whereby China is the factor in control, but gives the Filipinos access, Philippine fisherman access, to the Scarborough Shoal here and there. If they don’t give Duterte anything, then Duterte will not be able to sell any agreement with China, because the Filipino people, who are very anti-China, will say, “Oh, so genius of you, to piss off the Americans and go and beg the Chinese and get nothing in exchange.”
Duterte is popular, but so is the United States. The US had a 92% approval rating last year. So maybe Duterte now can pull off this diplomatic flirtation with China, but if the Chinese don’t give him anything within a year or so, then Duterte will have no choice but to pivot back to the United States.
What is behind Duterte’s attitude toward the US?
His lashing out at the US is a product of three factors. One, it’s partly a reflection of his conviction as a leftist, anti-imperialist guy. Second, he’s irritated with the US over the human rights criticisms. He really feels this is an interference in his mandate. Third, this is part of his signaling to China that “You can deal with me as an independent leader. Don’t worry, the US is not part of the equation at all.”
I think he’s the first Filipino president who is going to have his first state visit to China, and not to the United States. The symbolic value is huge. Practically all of his predecessors were either very close to the US or always thought twice before criticizing the United States, although they may have harbored some misgivings in private. But this guy is lashing out at the US in such an open way.
Where does Japan come into this?
The Japanese are our top trading partner, top investment partner, and top source of development aid. They’re definitely the Philippines’ best economic friend. They have always had a good relationship with Duterte, since his mayor days… the biggest investors in Davao were Japanese. In the long game, they will say the big difference is [they] don’t have any disputes with the Philippines. [They would say] that “if the Chinese step up their economic investments, we can also step up our economic investments.” Japan is very confident.
Does standing up to the US help Duterte look strong when he might otherwise be perceived as weak because of his China approach? How will he be perceived down the road?
Duterte’s charisma is largely tied to his macho image. That’s the Latin American caudillos, the tough man. But it’s hard to say where his popularity is coming from. Is it his war on drugs? Is it his standing up tough to the US? It could be a combination of factors. But I think it’s most of all because it’s his honeymoon period—it’s as simple as that. If you look at his approval ratings, it’s almost exactly the same as the approval ratings of three or four of his predecessors at this stage in their careers.
Many people think this is just trash talk—this is trash talk and the guy looks tough.
[But] if the US begins to downgrade development aid and military aid, and makes visa applications for Filipinos harder, that’s when Duterte’s going to lose support. Once they get hurt in the purse or in terms of their entry to [travel to] the US, then they’re going to speak out: “Ok, maybe the president was foolish.”
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You’ve got to get your money right. If your money isn’t right, you’re going to run into problems when you’re older.
Investments are things that collect money over time, as long as you keep at it – you can’t fail! Learn about investment portfolio growing and how to get started, below.
1. Figure Out What an Investment Portfolio Is
An investment portfolio is a living breathing thing, basically. It’s different for everyone and, unless you’re married, no one’s is exactly the same.
There are different combinations of assets your portfolio can have and it’ll change over time.
Your investment portfolio can include:
– a 401(k)
– your retirement account
– any brokerage account
– Robo-advisor accounts (think Acorns/Stash)
– savings accounts
– peer to peer lending accounts
And while your car, your home, and art are all certainly investments, they’re not technically part of your investment portfolio. They’re still taxable though!
2. Know Your Options
If you just started a new job or you’re just getting into saving for your future, find out if your employer has any matching incentives.
Some employers will match whatever you contribute to your 401(k) if that’s something they offer. They may also allow you to buy stock in the company itself, which is a good deal if it’s private stock.
For example, people who work at the grocery chain Publix can buy stock based on the number of hours they work.
If your employer doesn’t offer any options at all, it’s worth it to talk to your fellow co-workers. Is that something they’d want too, employer-backed investing options or at least access to a 401(k)?
If there are enough people interested, you can take your idea to HR or to your boss. Employers should know that they need to provide benefits to their employers, that is more than just healthcare.
3. Decide on What You Want to Invest in
Before you go on and get a broker (or don’t, we’ll get there) you need to think about your investment portfolio strategy. Are you going to focus on stocks and bonds or put all the money you can into your retirement account?
You’re going to have to change how you think about money, as committing to building your investments takes dedication. Do the calculations – how much money can you really invest per month, if this past month was your new normal?
You can always invest more, but you can’t invest less if you over exaggerate what you can put away. And if it’s not a lot – that’s okay. $5 in the bank grows over time way more than $0 in the bank does.
You can set up some apps, like Stash and Acorns that auto-save for you. For example, you can set up both to “round up” your purchases.
That means if you buy something that’s $_.40, the app will withdraw 60 cents and add it to your investments. It doesn’t seem like much, but it adds up over time.
You can also set up these apps to deposit a certain amount of money per week into your investment account.
These apps are a good example of what Robo-investing is. They use algorithms and your personal settings to choose what they invest your money in.
You don’t have to figure out the hard stuff and it’s easy to set it and forget it.
4. Pay off Your Loans and Credit Cards
Yes, we know what you’re thinking. But yes – this is related to building your portfolio. You can’t save what you’re still paying off, and the longer you have those loans/cards, the more you have to pay over time.
So, take the number you came up with earlier (how much you can invest per month) and half it. Use half to pay extra off your loans or debt, and invest the other half.
That way you’re still putting something in your accounts to collect interest, but you’re avoiding paying more on your debt, too.
5. Consider Buying a Home
Let’s go back to that half and half scenario we were just talking about. You could put the half towards a downpayment on a house, instead of putting it into a savings or investment account.
That’s because when you own a home, it builds equity. That equity is part of your investment portfolio, but the house itself isn’t.
It’s an important distinction.
Then, once you have your house and you’re paying yourself equity (basically) you can go back to investing in a more traditional account type.
If you already own a home (or multiple) then you’re all set!
6. Stay Committed!
The biggest thing people don’t do when they’re investing, aka the biggest mistake, is not staying the course. If that means that you have to dip into your emergency savings one month (which should be separate) then so be it.
That’s why you have that emergency savings account in the first place!
Even if you can’t invest the same amount one month – still make at least a small deposit.
If you’re confused, you can get a broker like Christopher Sarofim who can help you figure this all out.
Everyone Needs an Investment Portfolio
Even if you have to start small, it’s always worth investing something vs nothing. Don’t be afraid to ask for help if you need it building your investment portfolio – there are plenty of professionals who can help you figure out your finances and your future.
For more secure-your-future information, don’t forget to bookmark our site – we put out new content often!
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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| 0.93658
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|
Always place baby flat on his/her back to sleep. Lay them face up, face clear with their feet to the bottom of the cot/crib or moses basket, in the same room as parent for the first 6 months.
Never use pillows, duvets, cot bumpers, sleep positioners or baby nests/cocoons.
Use a well-fitting baby sleep sack or cellular blankets tucked in.
Keep nappy sacks out of reach.
Keep sleep space clear – no toys or additional softness.
Never place the cot near window blinds – use a blind cord cleat or cord winder to keep the cord out of reach of children.
Unplug electrical cables when not in use and store safely. Use a cable tidy or secure cables to skirting boards where possible.
When baby is sleeping or unsupervised always remove clothing or items that may add risk, such as headbands, and dummy/soother cords.
Always supervise your child when they are eating or drinking.
Cut food into thin batons.
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.safeathomecip.org.uk/safety-advice/
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| 0.852215
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Spills, drips, and splatters of food and drinks are inevitable during holiday entertaining. Unfortunately, these messes usually occur on our nicest linens, clothes, and recently shampooed carpet. So how can we treat potential stains on our valuable items? First rule, stains can usually be removed if dealt with immediately (and properly). Second, follow these simple steps and your grandmother’s tablecloth will be ready to use at your next family get-together.
For most stains caught early, use ice cold water on a clean terry cloth towel. Dab the material with the towel to extract the stain. Although most people are tempted, never rub the stain. This will only spread the stain further and deeper into the fabric. If this isn’t enough, follow the next steps depending on the type of stain.
Common Holiday Stains:
Wax – Use ice to freeze wax, or place item in the freezer; scrape or crack off as much as you can, then remove residue with an oil solvent or mineral spirits. Rinse with isopropyl alcohol; let dry. Treat with an enzyme detergent; wash.
Chocolate – Gently scrape off excess chocolate; spray area with diluted dish washing-soap solution. Follow up with an enzyme detergent to remove residue before washing.
Red Wine – Spray diluted dish washing-soap solution on stain; tamp with a soft-bristled brush. Flush with water, apply white vinegar, and tamp; let stand several minutes; flush again. If stain remains, apply hydrogen peroxide, and let stand. If stain persists, apply 1 or 2 drops of ammonia to wet area. Flush with water. Treat with an enzyme detergent; wash. If stain is still there, apply powdered non-chlorinated color-safe bleach, such as sodium percarbonate; rewash.
White Wine – Flush the stain with cold water, and spray with diluted dish washing-soap solution. Treat area with an enzyme detergent, and then wash.
Grease – Treat area with a dry solvent (such as mineral spirits or acetone) in a well-ventilated room. Using an eyedropper, rinse with isopropyl alcohol; dry well. Spray diluted dish washing-soap solution on any remaining residue and then soak the item in an enzyme detergent before washing.
Sauce – Scrape off sauce; spray area with diluted dish washing-soap solution. Soak in tepid water. If color remains, apply white vinegar with an eyedropper. Treat with an enzyme detergent; wash. If color persists, apply several drops of hydrogen peroxide; let sit. Rinse; treat again with enzyme detergent, and wash.
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<urn:uuid:ecc9c6cb-5ead-4e15-a8e1-9d1d9516ced4>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://www.servicemasterclean.com/servicemaster-by-j-and-c-brown/tips-and-resources/local-blog/2018/december/holiday-stain-solutions/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz
|
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|
Mobile POS Explained
Mobile point of sale (mPOS) can improve customer experience and ensure proper inventory management for retail and eCommerce businesses. The following article explains why mPOS will gradually become necessary for businesses in these sectors as time passes.
Mobile POS is a term we hear often in retail and eCommerce spaces, but what exactly is mPOS? In this article, we’ll cover what mPOS is, how it’s used, and how it could potentially benefit your business. Whether you’re a restaurant, retail store, or eCommerce site owner, mPOS is a powerful and versatile tool to have at your disposal. Here’s why.
What is mPOS?
Mobile POS is simply a point of sale terminal that’s connected to a mobile device. This can be a smartphone, tablet, or another mobile device. The software itself is installed on the device, and from there, you can process payments via a card reader like Square’s 3.5mm insert.
The mPOS system needs an internet connection to focus, and, for obvious reasons, you can’t process cash transactions at the mobile terminal.
However, you can buy POS hardware and process cash payments that way. Whichever route you choose, if you’re using cloud or web-based POS software, it will work on just about any device.
There are software systems specifically for iPad and Android, but it’s better to stick with versatile POS software in case you need to switch devices.
Plus, if you’re using cloud-based software, you can access your store from just about anywhere with an internet connection.
Why Do I Even Need mPOS?
This is a question many businesses have been asking as mPOS software becomes more abundant. It’s just another trend, right? You don’t actually need it? The short answer is yes, you do need it, and not just because it’s a more versatile payment processing method.
With so many ways to pay, you’re getting left behind if you’re not using POS software. POS systems can accept a wide variety of payment methods, including touchless payments.
Mobile terminals eliminate the need for employees to be tethered to a stationary payment center or cash register, so you can make your workforce more versatile. Instead of having cashiers who stand in one place, you can have mobile cashiers that also interact with customers on the sales floor. Mobile terminals help reduce lines, wait times, and improve the customer experience overall.
Inventory: POS systems take care of inventory management, so you don’t have to try to handle it manually or trust third-party software. This can get confusing when you’ve got a separate system tracking sales and another tracking your inventory. With real-time inventory updates, you’ll be more organized and aware of what your inventory looks like.
How Much Does It Cost?
Obviously, this question is product-specific, as each POS provider has their own pricing structure, but we’ll cover some of the most common pricing options in the industry. There are three options that generally cover most POS services.
Per-transaction fee structure: This pricing structure applies to every transaction. Each time you swipe a card or accept a mobile/touchless payment, you’re charged a fee. This is preferred by smaller businesses that don’t experience a large sales volume each month, as they’ll only be paying for when they use the POS software.
Most companies charge somewhere around 2-3% of the total purchase price, or a specific dollar amount per transaction.
Monthly premium: This is the most common pricing structure in the POS space. You’ll pay a specific amount each month to receive your software, as well as extras like 24/7 support, cloud backups, and more; depending on the package you choose.
Most of the time, your premium covers up to a certain dollar amount, and after that, you’ll have to pay for a higher-tier package.
One-time purchase: There are only a few POS providers that offer hardware and software for an upfront cost. Bear in mind that this is usually the most expensive route, at least initially, as you’ll be paying thousands for the new hardware/software package.
The advantage of this is that you’ll outright own your hardware and software.
mPOS For The Future
Payment methods are always changing, and so too are the way those payments are processed. If you’re not using mPOS software already, you’re falling behind. The world is slowly shifting away from physical cash payments, and you don’t want your business to get left behind!
Getting started with mPOS is easy. POS systems are simple to set up, easy to use and don’t require much maintenance. If you’ve already got a tablet or mobile device, you can use most POS systems without buying any extra hardware.
MPOS is the way of the future, and if you’re not using it, it’s time to get started! You can download demo versions of popular POS systems to get a feel for how they operate; what’s important is that you do it so you don’t start losing customers. MPOS is here to stay, so get updated and push your business into the future.
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<urn:uuid:424e2396-fc46-48ea-8586-8ca090a8ef3e>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.ruggedmobilityforbusiness.com/2020/07/mobile-pos-explained/
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On Saturday, August 13, 2022 we will be working on the Adafruit Customer Support Forums. If you visit over the weekend and things are not complete yet, please check back later, https://adafruit.com/forumupdates
Adafruit carries a lovely foot switch which has a single pole-double throw switch inside. The switch can activate a number of items including an alarm or powerswitch tail to control your world.
A much-requested project by Adafruit customers is using the foot switch to interface with a PC via universal serial bus (USB). To get a switch activation to talk to the USB bus takes a controller – some smarts.
Adafruit’s ATtiny85 based Trinket is low cost and contains enough smarts to perform USB communication (via some smart library software).
Only three parts are required. The foot switch, a USB A to Mini-B cable, and a Trinket 5V. The entire project costs less than $20. And it takes less than an hour’s work.
The wiring is shown above. The existing foot switch wires are cut short and two connected to Trinket pins #0 and GND (ground). When the foot switch is activated, the switch contact pair that creates a short connects Pin #0 with ground. When the Trinket detects the pin connected to ground, it outputs one or more characters as a PC keyboard.
Stop breadboarding and soldering – start making immediately! Adafruit’s Circuit Playground is jam-packed with LEDs, sensors, buttons, alligator clip pads and more. Build projects with Circuit Playground in a few minutes with the drag-and-drop MakeCode programming site, learn computer science using the CS Discoveries class on code.org, jump into CircuitPython to learn Python and hardware together, TinyGO, or even use the Arduino IDE. Circuit Playground Express is the newest and best Circuit Playground board, with support for CircuitPython, MakeCode, and Arduino. It has a powerful processor, 10 NeoPixels, mini speaker, InfraRed receive and transmit, two buttons, a switch, 14 alligator clip pads, and lots of sensors: capacitive touch, IR proximity, temperature, light, motion and sound. A whole wide world of electronics and coding is waiting for you, and it fits in the palm of your hand.
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<urn:uuid:7ca51d29-aec8-4951-9966-b71e1e613d82>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://blog.adafruit.com/2015/01/20/new-tutorial-usb-foot-switch/
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The effects of climate change on arctic ecosystems have been a subject of research for half a century (Ivy, Diane J.)
Climate change affects different things in the arctic ecosystems like increasing carbon dioxide, glacial retreat, and permafrost thawing (Klimesová, Jitka.) All of these factors affect very important components of the arctic ecosystem. One of these components would be vegetation. Another component would be animal life. These two components are dependent on each other and the climate change is affecting their symbiotic relationship.
There is now a phenomenon in the arctic ecosystems called polar amplification. This means that any net radiation change, like greenhouse intensification, is producing a larger change in temperature near the poles (Lesins Glen, author, author Duck Thomas J., and author Drummond James R.) This is making the components of this ecosystem, like the animals and vegetation, more sensitive to change in temperature. In some ecosystems, animals and vegetations adapt to temperature change because of different seasons.
However, arctic ecosystems are known to be very cold at all times. Because of this, even the tiniest change in temperature can change things like sea ice volume, ice/snow production, and surface energy (Lesins Glen, author, author Duck Thomas J., and author Drummond James R.)
Rising temperatures are increasing carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere. These organic deposits are buried. Permafrost is a layer of soil that remains frozen throughout the whole year. This layer of soil usually contains the organic deposits underneath it. However, with rising temperatures, the permafrost is melting.
Because the permafrost is melting, the carbon dioxide and methane are being released into the atmosphere. This is decreasing the amount of vegetation in the ecosystems, therefore there is less available food for the animal life in these arctic ecosystems.
Freshwater is a large part of the arctic ecosystem. Unfortunately, the aquatic part of the arctic ecosystem is being targeted due to climate change. Fish are also a large part of the ecosystem due to the fact that they live in the aquatic part. There are different kinds of species of fish that are able to adapt to the temperature of water. Nevertheless, this is usually in the context of season change. With the rapid temperature changes due to climate changes, the animal life in freshwater is having a difficult time adapting. The loss of permafrost contributes to aquatic life as well because it increases flooding (Reist, James D., Frederick J. Wrona, Terry D. Prowse, Michael Power, and et al.)
One symbiotic relationship that is being threatened in the arctic because of climate change is the relationship between plants and insects. This is referred to as insect pollination. The warmer temperature may cause flowers to appear earlier, therefore throwing off the timing and cycle of the insects being able to pollinate. Without pollination, vegetation will begin to deteriorate. This will cause a huge problem for the herbivores that live in this ecosystem. Because these animals will start to become endangered, that will then affect the lives of predators because their food source will be limited.
There is a huge change in surface energy. In the arctic ecosystem, the surface that is usually needed is ice covered. Some animals thrive on top of the ice, some thrive underneath. Unfortunately, there is a significant amount of sea ice loss due to the warming temperature. (Lesins Glen, author, author Duck Thomas J., and author Drummond James R. ) There are four different factors in the arctic that explain polar amplification. One would be a larger change in net downward radiation at the arctic surface compared to the global average. Two would be a larger conductive heat flux change than the global average. The next factor would be weaker sensible and latent heat flux responses that result in a larger surface temperature response in the arctic. The final factor would be a colder skin temperature to the global average (Lesins Glen, author, author Duck Thomas J., and author Drummond James R.) Determining the factors of the polar amplification will help try and solve the magnitudes of mechanisms to assess the climate changes ( Lesins Glen, author, author Duck Thomas J., and author Drummond James R.)
Climate change is bringing in warmer weather. In some ecosystems, this would be easier to deal with. However, with the rapid changes occuring in the arctic, it is hard for the vegetation and animal life to survive. These animals and plants adapt to the cold weather, and because the temperatures are rising so quickly, these organisms will not be able to keep up. If climate change continues at this rate, the arctic ecosystems will become scarce. Figuring out a way to help with surface energy problems will also aid in saving the arctic ecosystems.
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<urn:uuid:92f1b64f-9508-49b7-b6c0-613cd43b5917>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://envrexperts.com/free-essays/essay-about-how-climate-change-negatively-affecting-arctic-ecosystems
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| 0.931649
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Liberia has announced its first case of the novel coronavirus on Monday, becoming the 27th African country to confirm the illness.
According to a statement released by the country’s information ministry, the patient is the head of Liberia’s environmental agency and had recently returned from Switzerland.
“The country has registered its first case of coronavirus, otherwise known as COVID-19,” it said.
“The government urges everyone to remain calm. Health officials continue to search for all those who came in contact with the infected person in order to place them in quarantine,” it added.
The statement also added that President George Weah will address the country to announce important new measures that the government will put in place to prevent transmission” of coronavirus.
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<urn:uuid:38e802fb-0b3d-421e-9cb0-10af1095411f>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.tv360nigeria.com/liberia-confirms-first-case-of-covid-19/
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|
en
| 0.971367
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|
Supportive teacher-student relationships are associated with increased levels of engagement and higher levels of achievement. Yet, studies also show that higher achieving students typically receive the most encouragement. Moreover, many studies of teacher-student relationships pertain to elementary and middle school students; by the time students reach high school, interactions with specific teachers may not be salient determinants of engagement. In this study we examine the relationship between supportive relationships with teachers and engagement in high school math and science courses. Data on teacher support and engagement collected concurrently from a student’s math and science teachers allow us to examine the within-student association between supportive relationships and engagement.
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<urn:uuid:b8b67352-eb81-4afc-9b69-ff980f1d3fdc>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://muse.jhu.edu/article/607320
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|
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| 0.953851
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|
AY Honor Trees
Trees are among the largest living creatures on earth. In this honor you will learn to identify them as you make and preserve your own leaf collection. You will also organize trees into various classes, and gain an understanding of just how useful and important trees are.
Investiture Achievement Connection: This Honor is related to the Investiture Achievement requirements for TRAIL COMPANION Nature Study which require (as one of two options) completion of Requirement #2 in this Honor. This Honor is a popular choice for the Level 1 Nature Honor required of TRAIL COMPANIONS.
The Challenging Part
The most challenging requirement of this honor is probably this:
2. Collect and identify typical leaves from 15 different species of trees. Spread neatly, press dry, mount, and label in a suitable notebook or on uniform-size sheets of paper.
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<urn:uuid:5e530039-3344-4251-941b-7f8e5f1dbc07>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
|
https://wiki.pathfindersonline.org/index.php?title=AY_Honors/Trees&oldid=566722
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|
en
| 0.897946
| 181
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|
Terminating (ending) a pregnancy
- The decision to end your pregnancy is your decision.
- It should be based on your needs and circumstances.
- When making your decision, you may like to talk with family, friends, a counsellor or a doctor.
- If you are not sure how long you have been pregnant, see a doctor.
- It’s best to do this as soon as you can.
- The sooner you see a doctor, the more options you’ll have.
Prescribed health services
Prescribed health services offer free information, advice and counselling about the full range of pregnancy options.
South: 421 Main Rd, Glenorchy: 6273 9117
North: 269 Wellington St, Launceston: 6343 4566
North-West: 199 Mount St, Upper Burnie: 6431 7692
25 Lefroy St, North Hobart: 6231 3212
Women’s Health Information Line: 1800 675 028
(for people under 26 years of age)
57 Liverpool St, Hobart: 6231 2927
(for people under 25 years of age)
404 Main Rd, Glenorchy: 6166 1421
You can end your pregnancy through:
- medical termination (taking special medication)
- surgery (an operation).
Your doctor or prescribed health service can advise which option is best for you.
Medical termination (taking medication to end your pregnancy) is available for people up to nine weeks (63 days) pregnant. Your doctor may be able to provide this service, and it is also available through:
Surgical termination of pregnancy
- A surgical termination is usually performed in the first trimester (up to 12–14 weeks pregnant).
- It’s performed as a day surgery procedure in a clinic. You can go home after a few hours.
- Surgical termination of pregnancy is accessible through the Royal Hobart Hospital, Launceston General Hospital, and North West Regional Hospital.
- Talk to your doctor or prescribed health service for more information.
Frequently asked questions
What if my doctor doesn’t agree with ending my pregnancy?
Some doctors disagree with the procedure. This is called ‘conscientious objection’. If your doctor is a conscientious objector, they:
- DO NOT have to give you information about getting a termination (or help you get a termination)
- DO have to offer you the list of prescribed health services for information, advice and counselling as they know you want to end your pregnancy or want information about your options.
What if I am harassed by people outside the health service?
- It is illegal for anyone to harass or intimidate a person about pregnancy options within 150 metres of a health service where terminations are provided.
- This area is called the ‘access zone’.
- It is also illegal for anyone to protest against pregnancy terminations within the access zone.
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<urn:uuid:655d5fbc-83b8-4def-be78-ac2944b3a8a1>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.health.tas.gov.au/health-topics/sexual-and-reproductive-health/reproductive-health/terminating-ending-pregnancy
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.911837
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| 1.507813
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|
Census 2021: What it is, Why do we do it, and what help is available?
Published on 02 March 2021 03:17 PM
The Census is coming. On 21 March 2021, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) will once again be calling upon the people of England and Wales to complete a census form. But what is the census, what purpose does it serve, and what help is on hand to fill it in?
What is the census?
The census is a survey that happens every 10 years and gives us a picture of all the people and households in England and Wales.
The last census took place on 27th March 2011 and revealed a lot about the country.
The kind of questions you will be asked include your name and address, your religion and ethnicity, your age and sex, details about the type of work that you do, and whether you have served in the Armed Forces. For the first time, two optional questions will be asked to do with your gender identity and your sexual orientation. Everyone must complete their census - it's a legal requirement and carries a fine of £1,000 for non-compliance.
The individual data is anonymised and kept secret for 100 years, whereupon it will be made available for people looking up their family history. Individual data is never shared with any other organisation outside of the ONS and there are strict data protection laws in place.
Why do we do the census?
The census is vital to understanding the make-up of a population, as well as highlighting changes in the past decade, and helps to inform decisions such as planning policy, housing need, public transport, demand for schools and healthcare, provision of care homes, and equality legislation, to name but a few.
How to take part in the census 2021
Census 2021 is a digital-first census, which means that we will be encouraging people to respond online if they can. You will be able to complete the census using any device, including your mobile phone or tablet.
Every household in England and Wales will receive a letter at the start of March which invites them to take part in the census. This letter will have the Royal Coat of Arms at the top and contain a unique access code that enables people to access their questionnaire at www.census.gov.uk. Only genuine ONS codes will work on this website. Similarly, the letter will contain telephone numbers for our official
contact centre. (An example of an official letter can be seen to the left.
To help people without access to technology or who lack digital skills, the ONS have set up an array of platforms:
- Telephone capture - this is where people call a hotline to request to complete their census over the phone.
- Paper forms - Anyone may request a paper form by calling the hotline or going online. Those identified as totally digitally excluded will be sent a paper form and will not receive a UAC.
What Help is Available?
For those who may need some support in completing the form there are different options available.
From the ONS
- Online help - Click Here
- Census Support Centres - These will be Covid-secure locations across the area, whereby people who need IT support can attend and complete their census form online with assistance. The exact method for this will be determined by government guidelines to ensure the safety of everyone. Some CSC's will also offer a telephone capture service, should people prefer to speak to a local voice.
find out more about CSCs here.
- Language support - This is available over the phone also.
- Doorstep support - This will be Covid-dependent, but ONS staff will be available to assist completion outside of someone's home. They will never enter the property, or come within 2m of a person, and will use PPE.
- Contact Centres - calling the contact centre for free on 0800 141 2021 (for those living in England) or England NGT (text relay service) is avaliable on (18001) 0800 141 2021, as is the Language helpline on 0800 587 2021
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.ageuk.org.uk/bolton/about-us/news/articles/2021/census-2021/
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2. Describe how a negotiation session might go between two individuals, one having a Type-A personality, the other being a Type-B.
3. Explain what is "systems theory" and "a systems approach" with respect to conflict diagnosis.
4. Describe a scenario in which an avoidance style would actually yield results.
5. Write what is your main negotiating temperament and explain why it is you tend to use that temperament the most.
6. Do you feel you communicate better in person or via writing (e-mail, forum posts, etc.)? Please explain why.
7. How would you handle a negotiation with a person from a different culture, who therefore uses body language differently.
8. Explain why the acronym GRIP includes "ego issues".
9. Describe what is general attribution theory.
10. Describe the effects of power in negotiation.
These solutions may offer step-by-step problem-solving explanations or good writing examples that include modern styles of formatting and construction of bibliographies out of text citations and references. Students may use these solutions for personal skill-building and practice. Unethical use is strictly forbidden.1. Negotiation can be defined as the process through which humans interact in order to reach at a decision which is mutually accepted by both the parties. Talking that occurs between people to strike a deal can be described as negotiation. Negotiation constitutes an important part of an individual’s daily communications. It occurs because there is a limit to the maximum amount an individual can give or take. It forms part of the corporate as well as personal activities. For example, in case of a merger, the acquiring company tries to get maximum value from the deal by paying the lowest possible price for the company being acquired. Similarly, the target company also seeks to maximize its own interests and is keen on getting the maximum price it can. These set the upper and lower limits for the process of negotiation. Depending on the strength and the capabilities of the parties, a final price is arrived...
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§ Resolution reported,
§ 17. "That on and after the twenty-ninth day of September, nineteen hundred and 1036 fifteen, until the first day of August, nineteen hundred and sixteen, there shall be charged on any of the following articles imported into Great Britain or Ireland a Customs Duty of an amount equal to thirty-three and one-third per cent. of the value of the article, that is to say:—
- Musical instruments, including gramophones, pianolas, and other similar instruments.
- Accessories and component parts of musical instruments, and records and other means of reproducing music."
§ Motion made, and Question proposed, "That this House doth agree with the Committee in the said Resolution."
§ Mr. PETO
I only rise, carrying out the Prime Minister's invitation, to ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer to consider one particular point with regard to this Resolution, and that is as to the effect of the imposition of the duty on parts of musical instruments which are necessary for the completion of those instruments in this country. They should, I suggest, be regarded from a different point of view from the imports of completed instruments. If we pass this Resolution imposing a duty on musical instruments coming to this country we shall make them more expensive in accordance with the policy which was so clearly laid down by the Prime Minister, but there is a certain hardship imposed upon those people in this country who have to pay exactly the same Import Duty on parts of musical instruments, which parts are necessary to complete the instrument. I believe that in answer to the right hon. Gentleman the Member for Swansea Town (Sir A. Mond) the Chancellor intimated that there would be a rebate granted upon imports which were subsequently exported. So far, that is in the interests of the trade of the country, and encourages exports, but in the interests of those people who are engaged in the industry in this country I would ask him to consider whether he might not charge upon 1037 parts of instruments which are completed in this country a lower rate than the rate charged on the fully completed article. I am quite aware that there are corresponding disadvantages in any discrimination between one part and another, and I fully appreciate, particularly in the case of these taxes, the advantage of simplicity and uniformity. But I would ask, before the Finance Bill assumes its final form, that the case put forward by the makers of musical instruments should be considered.
§ Sir JOSEPH WALTON
As a strong Free Trader, I desire to take this opportunity of stating why I conceive it to be my duty to support the Import Tax now under consideration. In times of peace I consider that Import Duties would be, as a paper stated this morning, incurably vicious, but at present, with the conditions with which we are confronted in time of war, when it is absolutely imperative that we should largely check the amount of imports into this country in order to do something to lessen the enormous balance of trade against us, our economic fiscal theories ought, I think, to be put on one side. What is the financial position that we have to face, and which makes this course proposed by the Government absolutely necessary and justifiable? We have a balance of trade against us in the current year of more than 500 millions sterling. It is perfectly true that we are going to get a little relief by the raising of this Franco-British loan of 100 millions sterling in America. But that will only be as a drop in the bucket. I dare say that the greater part of that amount is already owing to people in America for munitions of war and other goods supplied. Look at the high rate of interest that even to-day we have to pay.
§ Mr. SPEAKER
This is not a suitable opportunity for discussing the American loan. The Resolution deals with musical instruments.
§ Sir J. WALTON
I apologise. I had in mind the intention of showing that it was necessary to adopt this expedient of Import Duties in order to lessen imports into this country, and so as to lessen the huge balance of trade against us. We have to face that huge balance of trade, not only this year, but possibly next year and possibly even the year alter. Unless drastic steps are taken by the Government by the imposition of imported duties to lessen imports into this country, we may be in 1038 danger of drifting headlong to financial ruin. The question has been considered by His Majesty's Government, and they have made a small beginning, too small a beginning I think, because prohibitive taxation should have been imposed on all imports other than food supplies, raw material, and possibly certain other absolutely necessary articles which are required for maintaining the volume of trade as high as we possibly can during this war time. With regard to the tax specially under consideration, we have a working model of Protection, and if for no other reason than that the proposals of the Government will secure us a working model of the effect of protective duties on imports, I welcome their inclusion in the Budget. The piano manufacturers held a meeting at the Midland Hotel, Manchester, yesterday, I believe, or the day before, and they decided to raise their prices—not the importers but the manufacturers—in order to meet a tax which does not fall upon them. I have no doubt that others who have a similar opportunity are likely to take a similar course. That is an object lesson of the greatest possible value to the consumers in this country, because it will show the consequences which fall upon them by the imposition of Import Taxes.
Those Members who last evening spoke so eloquently in defence of the principles of Free Trade, in my opinion, misjudged the situation. These proposals and these taxes which we are about to impose will, so far from destroying and undermining the principles of Free Trade to which so many of us are attached, strengthen the position of the Free Traders of the future enormously in this country, and will secure that our fiscal system when time of peace arrives will not be on Tariff Reform lines. I, therefore, have no hesitation whatever, as a strong Free Trader, in supporting the imposition of these Import Taxes, and the other Import Taxes which the Government propose. I only regret that they have not extended them much further, not so much with the view of gaining revenue, but for the purpose of stopping imports. The people of this country, this nation as a. whole, have lived in a prodigal and extravagant manner so far this year, and having regard to an annual expenditure of two thousand millions, and the possible prolongation of the War, I say that everyone who wishes that we may be able to surmount the financial difficulties ahead of us will welcome in every possible way 1039 the limitation of the consumption of imported articles by the imposition of duties. I hope that those will be extended, and in the next Budget, so that we shall compel, by drastic measures, the lessening of the expenditure of this nation in order to have out of our annual income a larger sum towards defraying the cost of this terrible War.
§ Mr. LOUGH
I think my right hon. Friend the Chancellor of the Exchequer must often have said when my hon. Friend behind him was speaking, "Preserve me from my friends." There could not have been a more extraordinary illustration of the evils of this taxation which we tried to set before the House last night than the astounding speech to which the House has just listened. My hon. Friend was going to show that imports could be seriously restricted if these taxes were imposed, and in order to do so one would have thought that he would have quoted some figures or told us what the total imports were, and would have gone into the question of the great saving to the nation if these taxes had been imposed, but not a single figure had he at his disposal. He went on and plunged into the American loan till you, Mr. Speaker, mercifully saved the House from any more of it. His second point was that a meeting of manufacturers somewhere in the North had resolved, although they are not touched by the duty, to put up their prices corresponding to the duty, and that is his contribution to this Debate. If that is the sort of thing which is urged in support of these taxes, the Government may well ask to be preserved from such speeches.
I desire seriously to call attention to the tax on musical instruments. If it is possible to obtain a better illustration of the harmfulness of this taxation than was afforded by motor cars, I think you have it in musical instruments. You would think that there was a vast import, whereas in truth there is on balance no import at all. The exports are greater than the imports. Secondly, you would think the imports were going up. That is what my right hon. Friend said about these taxes. But he gave no justification, and he put forward no arguments appropriate to this particular tax. He said, "Go and look in your Votes." I have done so, and I find that the imports of these articles have fallen tremendously during the last year or two. Taking the first eight months in each year, the imports 1040 were, in 1913, the year before the War, £691,925; in 1914, £641,000; and in 1915, £169,000. The imports are almost gone. [An HON. MEMBER: "Good!"] Then there is no necessity for bringing in this tax. A large number of people in this country who are trying to maintain their trade in most difficult circumstances do not cry out "Good!" Are there not sufficient taxpayers in this country the greater part of whose business is already destroyed by the cruel incidence of the War, without the Government coming in with a fresh duty to destroy the remainder? On the other hand, we have considerable exports, and they will assuredly be injured, if not ruined, if the imports are stopped. There is no truer law—one would have thought my right hon. Friend would be acquainted with such elementary principles—than that you cannot maintain exports if you shut off imports. Here is a case in which the imports are to be shut off, although they come to only such a small amount, and yet our exports are £271,000. Apart from the requirements of the people of this country, a large export trade has to be supported, and I submit that it cannot be supported if the imports are cut off.
An immense amount of the imports are parts of musical instruments. That means that the manufacturers of musical instruments in this country, possibly those very manufacturers who passed the resolution to which my hon. Friend referred, will have their businesses seriously injured, and our home demand will not be able to be maintained if these parts are excluded. Of the £169,000 of imports, no less than £113,000 are parts. So that really there is only £56,000 spent on the imports of musical instruments, and that amount is spent largely with France and other countries with which we are in alliance. These facts show absolutely that if my right hon. Friend had gone through the whole table of our imports and exports he could not have hit upon an article which it would have been more discreet for the Government to let alone. I must protest against the way in which we are being treated in the House and the difficulties under which we have to debate this question, which is of such vital national interest. [An HON. MEMBER: "You were one of eight in the Division!"] It is not the first time that I have taken part in a Division with eight Members. The other occasion was in 1895, when I told with Mr. Bowles against the Government of the day's borrowing for purposes of annual expenditure. Although 1041 both Governments kept on doing it for ten years, we finally brought the wicked system to an end. Similarly the total of eight in to-day's Division is a good augury. The time will come when those eight will be able once again to speak in the name of a majority of this House.
At any rate, I respectfully protest against the way in which we have been treated by the Prime Minister to-day. I thought that a short announcement might be made at Question Time as to the course the Government intended to take, so that the compact entered into last night should not be broken. Instead of that the Prime Minister made a partisan speech, repeating the weak arguments that were put forward a hundred times last night, adding nothing new to the Debate, but using his great authority to put those of us who are fighting in such difficult circumstances in an even greater predicament than we were in before. What was the doctrine laid down by the Prime Minister? It was all bound up in one point, namely, that there was a united Cabinet—Heaven knows we all wish to support whatever Cabinet there is, in order that we may come successfully through the War—and that because the Cabinet had considered the tax the House of Commons ought to accept it. I protest against that doctrine. [An HON. MEMBER: "The Prime Minister never said that."] That was the whole argument of the Prime Minister. I say with great respect—I know I am speaking against a high authority—that that doctrine would be fatal to the liberties of the English people. It is no part of the business of the Cabinet to legislate. Their business is to administer. It is the business of the House of Commons to legislate. It is our duty, humble as we are, and knowing little as compared with the great men on the Treasury Bench, to use the intelligence we have, and to bring it to bear on every legislative proposal the Government bring forward. We have promised our constituents to do that, especially in all matters connected with taxation. If the Government wish to avoid these Debates—and I can imagine a hundred reasons why they should, especially the Prime Mnister—they ought not to bring forward these contentious proposals. If they bring them forward, we have to do our duty as Members of the House of Commons. When without any figures being given, without any case being made out, or attempted to be made out, a cruel blow is struck at a vast industry, we would be worse than 1042 traitors to our constituents if we did not examine the proposals and prononnce our opinion upon them.
After giving the matter full consideration, I can see no benefit in this tax whatever. £169,000 will not help our imports in any way. We are not a very musical people. That is one of the charges the Germans bring against us. Certainly they have this much to justify that argument, that we used to buy nearly a million pounds' worth of musical instruments from them. I think we can get just as good instruments from other parts. If this tax is imposed, there ought to be a corresponding Excise Duty, so that all the money raised would come into the Treasury and not go into the pockets of private manufacturers. The case for this tax on the figures I have given—and no case has been made out by the Government—is infinitely worse than the case for the tax on motor cars. Although, having made our protest, I do not see that it is much use our carrying our opposition further, yet if hon. Gentlemen opposite think well to go to a Division, I shall be glad to divide with them. I do not see why any restriction should be put on our taking divisions. What is the good of our coming here if we do not make our statements and put forward our arguments? I submit that this is a most vicious tax, contrary to every pledge of the Free Trade Members of the Government, and that the present is a most inopportune moment to bring it forward.
§ Mr. PRINGLE
I agree with nearly everything said by my right hon. Friend opposite. We have been invited by the Prime Minister to examine all these taxes on their merits. Up to the present none of the merits of this particular tax have been revealed to the House. Indeed, there has never been any tax proposed which would more merit the description of a comic opera tax. There is an ascending scale of absurdity in this delightful schedule of import duties. I propose to deal exclusively with musical instruments. We have had a defence of the musical instruments tax from the hon. Member for Barnsley (Sir J. Walton), and a most extraordinary defence it was. He admitted that it was a protective tax, but he believed that it was going to readjust the foreign exchange. I should have thought the hon. Gentleman would have taken the trouble to look at the records of our imports and our exports with those countries where the exchange is adverse 1043 to us, and that he would have shown that by excluding articles under this duty something would be done to readjust the value. So far as I know, hardly anything that would be affected by this tax comes from America—except a few gramophones and a few gramophone records. The main countries that will be affected are countries in alliance with us. Many parts of musical instruments are imported from France. I had a letter this morning from a firm engaged in the musical instruments industry, pointing out that this tax would affect the importation of catgut, which is required for violins. I am told that apart from this importation it is impossible to manufacture good violins in this country, and that the only countries from which we can get the catgut are France and Italy. Apparently the hon. Member for Barnsley is going to set right the balance of exchange by keeping out catgut. My hon. Friend the Member for Pontefract (Mr. Booth), who knows the local conditions in Yorkshire, informs me that they have only brass bands in Barnsley, consequently they have no interest whatever in catgut. The hon. Member for Barnsley is, therefore, quite willing to set right the adverse exchange by excluding catgut from France.
§ Mr. PRINGLE
I am glad the hon. Member appreciates the absurdity of his position. I have no doubt that before we have done with the discussion of these points he will be in the Lobby with his old Friends who still adhere to their former convictions. The most extraordinary of the hon. Member's contentions was that during a war was the best time to expose fiscal absurdities in practice. He said that it was impossible in times of peace to make experiments in Tariff Reform, but that when we are at war, when our attention is engrossed by this tremendous struggle, it is the time to make fiscal experiments, to expose the fiscal fallacies of our old political opponents, and to discredit in advance the proposals which they may possibly make in time of peace. Here, he said, we see the iniquities of Protection revealed in all their nakedness. Already yesterday in the Midland Grand Hotel at Manchester—an appropriate place—the piano manufacturers have met, and have agreed to raise the price of pianos by an amount exactly equal to the tax. They are going to put into their pockets the extra price, 1044 and the money, as far as they are concerned, will not go into the Treasury. The right hon. Gentleman is going to make a present to the piano manufacturers in the interests of the future fiscal policy of this country. Surely the main object, and the only object, of the Government at this time is to get in revenue. If the object is to get in revenue by means of the imposition of taxes upon pianos and other musical instruments, surely it is the duty of the Government in regard to taxes of this kind to see that there is a corresponding Excise. Obviously the manufacture in this country is far more important than the imports. In the old days before the War our main competitors were Germany—I think the figures will show that—for the imports from Germany ran into millions, whereas the imports from other countries only ran into hundreds of thousands. Consequently, the only people who are now really substantially interested in the trade are the home manufacturers.
The imposition of these taxes is going to give nothing to the Treasury, but is going to make a present to the piano manufacturers. I suppose my right hon. Friend will expect 50 per cent. from them in the way of taxes on war profits. It would be better to take it direct; to take the whole 100 per cent. by means of an Excise Duty. I know that these taxes are defended as sumptuary taxes. The Colonial Secretary yesterday, and the Prime Minister to-day, were equally eloquent in putting forward the sumptuary objects of these taxes. They spoke of the importance of restricting imports and imposing economy upon the people of this country. Surely it is better, if you are going to have this sumptuary object, not to allow any private interests in the country to make a profit out of your sumptuary legislation! My right hon. Friend is bound, I think, if he proceeds with these taxes, to insist on an Excise Duty accompanying the Import Duty. Unless we get some assurance that at least in these taxes there is to be an Excise, it will be necessary to vote against these taxes also. We were told that we were to discuss these matters on their merits. Apparently all these discussions have to be absolutely barren and sterile. We may go on discussing them for hours, riddling the case and exposing all its absurdities, and at the end of the time the Government expect us to allow their duties to be imposed without a Division. Under these 1045 conditions, obviously, the most absurd taxes can be imposed by the Government without any regard to the result of the discussion. Yesterday there was no case on its merits. The whole case was blown into the air by the right hon. Gentleman the Member for Swansea and the right hon. Gentleman the Member for Islington. No defence was made by the Chancellor of the Exchequer. To-day we are hearing nothing. We have only heard from the Back Benches of a matter raised by my hon. Friend the Member for Mansfield, who described himself as "an eccentric Free Trader"—a description with which I dare say the whole House will agree. Today we have had the hon. Member for Barnsley, whose Free Trade principles are equally eccentric, but whose sense of humour is not equally strong—
§ Mr. PRINGLE
The fact that the hon. Member is so benighted as to believe that Scotland is destitute of humour shows how short he is himself in that respect. In the discussion which we have already had it has been shown that the imports of musical instruments are negligible, and consequently that if revenue is to be derived from taxes on musical instruments it can only be obtained by having an Excise along with the Import Duty. We, in these circumstances, are entitled to ask from the Government one of two things, either the abandonment of the duty or a pledge that this duty, when it is imposed, will be accompanied by a corresponding Excise Duty.
§ Mr. W. THORNE
I was very much amused during the discussion upon this particular principle yesterday. To-day we had a very animated discussion upon sacrifice of principle because of the tax upon motor cars and musical instruments which are about to be considered. So far as I, a Socialist, am concerned, we have never pinned our faith either to Free Trade or to Protection. I am not pledged either to a tax upon musical instruments or upon motor cars, or anything else. But the Debate of yesterday, I think, will be an object lesson to the Labour party, and I shall do my level best to urge upon the Labour party to have some Divisions before the Finance Bill gets through. It all seems to me to be rather strange, when we have passed millions of taxation in extra taxes upon tea and sugar, and there was hardly a protest from any side of the House. 1046 Burdens amounting to about £22,000,000 are going to fall upon the wage earners of the country. They have gone through without anyone having the courage to call for a Division, either against the Tea Tax or the Sugar Tax. The reason why the Labour party did not vote against the Tea Tax or the Sugar Tax is because we have thought that the Budget was a fair and equal distribution of the taxes. So far as I am concerned, and so far as the Labour party is concerned, if we had done our duty we ought to have challenged two Divisions and urged upon the Chancellor of the Exchequer to raise the money required by direct taxation upon incomes and by an augmented Super-tax. I hope the Labour party will take some action of the sort and then we will begin to hear the squealing.
It is rather amusing to me to hear Members talking as they have done concerning this particular tax, simply because the piano manufacturers met yesterday and decided to raise the price of pianos in view of the fact that there is going to be a tax upon imported pianos. The matter has nothing to do with either Free Trade or Tariff Reform. I should like to know how many Free Traders in this House have been bleeding the country all through this War? Both Free Trade coal dealers and Free Trade chemical manufacturers have done this. The Member for Swansea is very bitter against taxes on motor cars and taxes upon imported goods. As a matter of fact, his company has been bleeding the country all the way through this particular War. [An HON. MEMBER: "Oh!"] Not only his firm but many other firms. I understand this Debate has devolved upon the question of principle. Free Traders talk about Free Trade principles, built up over a great many years. It means, they say, that we shall have to sacrifice these principles that we have been carrying out for so long. Might I ask the House who has made a greater sacrifice in this War than the trade unions? We have sacrificed our principles. We have relaxed all our rules and regulations in regard to overtime, apprentices, and many other things. Never let it be said that there are Members in this House who talk about the sacrifice of principle without remembering this. No body of workmen in this country have made greater sacrifices than those connected with the trade unions. Therefore, I am going to vote for these taxes with both hands. If you like to challenge a Division I will back up the Government every time, 1047 and I believe the majority of our party will back them up too. If hon. Members want Divisions they can have them.
I understood that during the continuance of this War we were all to be a happy family; that there was going to be very little division. But if hon. Members are going to start to play their own game and have Divisions, then we, too, shall call for Divisions. As the Finance Bill goes along some hon. Members will have to explain their opinions. I am very much afraid that some will have very great difficulty to explain away what they have already done, because they have allowed millions of indirect taxation to go through, such as the taxes on tea and sugar, while when it comes to taxing motor cars, which presupposes a certain amount of money before a man can possess one, then of course the House is up against principle! I do not think there is any principle at all involved. As I said before, the principle we stand for is to raise money by direct taxation, and I hope our party will take this matter into consideration when the Finance Bill comes along. If we set our minds to it you will have a busy time when the Finance Bill comes along. If we take up the attitude we ought to take up, that the extra money to be raised by the taxes upon tea and sugar should be taken off and placed in the way of taxes on what I should call the idle rich, then we will soon see where principles are, for I am very much afraid various hon. Members will be found in the Opposition Lobby! That has been my experience in this House. I have no apology to make either to my Constituents, or to anybody else, for voting as I have done in this matter.
§ Mr. OUTHWAITE
I find it rather difficult to follow, in his last argument, the hon. Member who has just sat down. He appears as a Socialist, and then when he is confronted with the fact that by imposition of a Protectionist tariff certain of our manufacturers of pianos have been able to increase their prices under a tariff some 33 1–3 per cent., so being able to take full advantage of it, he is quite delighted with that which enables them to do so and to plunder the consumer who very largely he represents.
§ Mr. OUTHWAITE
No doubt he would suggest under the circumstances going to the greater extent and excluding actual 1048 imports. The hon. Baronet the Member for Swansea has been bleeding the public, he says.
§ Mr. OUTHWAITE
What the hon. Member ought to do is to give the hon. Baronet the Member for Swansea a heavy duty to enable him to further bleed the public by excluding imports. Consequently I find it rather difficult to follow the hon. Member, especially when he tells us what he thinks the Labour party ought to do. I have spoken in the House in opposition to the Sugar Tax. I would have gone to a Division on the subject. I do not remember seeing one Member of the Labour party present.
§ Mr. OUTHWAITE
The hon. Member did not challenge the Division. Why not vote against all these taxes? What now is the position of the Chancellor of the Exchequer? Yesterday, when I pointed out that the Motor-car Duty was Protectionist in its incidence and that he was scrapping Free Trade policy, the right hon. Gentleman got up, and, with his hands on his heart, vowed that this was not against Free Trade principles, and that he would be the very last to introduce any duty which was protective in its incidence. There was, he said, no manufacture of motor cars in this country, and then he went on to speak of the manufacture of pianos—
§ Sir J. D. REES
On a point of Order, Mr. Speaker. May I ask whether the rule regarding repetition avails in respect of the repetition of the general arguments for and against Free Trade and Protection in respect of each particular Resolution upon the Paper?
§ Mr. SPEAKER
I think the hon. Member must in each case leave it to me to say whether an hon. Member is getting tedious or irrelevant. It is impossible for me to intervene on every occasion when an argument is repeated.
§ 5.0 P.M.
§ Mr. OUTHWAITE
It is rather hard to hear the suggestion coming from any hon. Member that one is either tedious or irrelevant. But to hear that from the hon. Member who has just put the point of Order is perhaps the last straw. My argument, though it may be exceedingly 1049 tedious to the hon. Member and the Chancellor of the Exchequer, is certainly relevant. I was pointing out that yesterday the right hon. Gentleman met the opposition of the Free Traders to this Import Duty by saying it was not protective in its incidence because no motor cars were being manufactured here. Now we have another duty levied upon pianos, and we do know that pianos are being manufactured here, and that already the manufacturers of our pianos have taken advantage of the Imposition of this tariff to proceed to raise their prices to the purchasers of pianos. Therefore, what is the position we are met with? The greater part probably of the revenue raised from the public by the imposition of this duty is not going, and will not go, to the Treasury. It will go into the pockets of protective manufacturers. The hon. Member for Barnsley said, at a time of war, of course, we scrap all principles. It seems to suggest that when we have scrapped the Commandment "Thou shalt not kill," we should proceed to scrap the Commandment "Thou shalt not steal." We are now going to allow certain individuals in this country to plunder the public under the law and steal under the law. I do not care what the Prime Minister has said, seeing that he did not take the trouble to come down and listen to the arguments of his former Free Trade Friends. He is probably too occupied to do so, and, therefore, I think his intervention at a particular juncture of the Debate is a little unfair to his supporters. But no matter what the Prime Minister or the Chancellor of the Exchequer may say, you cannot get over the fact that in this matter the Chancellor of the Exchequer is setting up a protective tariff, and he cannot meet our opposition to these tariffs, because they are protective, by denying the fact, at any rate so far as this duty is concerned. We are, as regards this matter, scrapping the Free Trade policy of this country to adjust the exchanges, as I understand, to the extent of £56,000. I think the Free Trade policy is worth more than that, and consequently I hope there will be another Division, and that I shall have the opportunity of opposing.
§ Sir ALFRED MOND
I regret I was not in the House when the hon. Member for West Ham (Mr. W. Thorne) made some personal reflections on me and on the firm with which I am connected regarding prices which we are charging during the War.
§ Mr. THORNE
I said that you and your firm were bleeding the public by the prices you were charging during the War as chemical manufacturers.
§ Mr. SPEAKER
However grave the provocation may be, the right hon. Gentleman is not entitled to make use of that expression.
§ Sir A. MOND
Naturally I withdraw the expression and substitute, if I may, that the hon. Member is entirely misinformed.
§ Sir A. MOND
The hon. Gentleman may see later on or not, but he has no right to make a statement of that kind. I only wish he would make it outside the House, so as to give me an opportunity of dealing with it.
§ Sir A. MOND
I have no wish to intrude any personal matter in this House, but I think it only fair to say that the firm with which I am connected have not raised the price of a single article since the War broke out. If the hon. Member refers to any work we have undertaken for the Government, I can only say that we have undertaken that work, as I think any fair-minded person would say, at a very moderate profit indeed, and at the urgent request of the Chairman of the Explosives Committee at great inconvenience, and at the cost of a great deal of labour to the people engaged on that work. I am sorry to have troubled the House on a personal matter of this kind, but I do think it is unfair for an hon. Member to break into this Debate with a personal charge in regard to a subject about which he has no information.
§ Sir A. MOND
I am not concerned with the coal owners; I only deal with myself. So far as the duty here is concerned, I do not intend to go into the general question. We have discussed that before, and I do not wish to open it out again on this particular item. I rise more to ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer a few questions which have been submitted to me in regard to the matter. The Chancellor of the Exchequer was kind enough to say last night, 1051 and he repeated it in an answer he gave to me to-day, that rebate would be allowed on imported parts where they could be sufficiently identified. That, of course, removes a good many objections we made to the taxation of parts which are being used by manufacturers here in articles which are re-exported. The only point that is troubling me is how you can provide for this method of identification on the parts, say, of pianos and other musical instruments. For instance, I am told that practically all our cat-gut for violins and other musical instruments comes from France. Somebody buys that cat-gut and puts it in violins made in this country, and then exports them, say, to Australia. In what way will the revenue authorities demand that the identification shall be proved? The same applies, of course, to a number of other goods of a similar character.
There is another question I would like to raise. Does the right hon. Gentleman propose, in introducing the Finance Bill, to make any kind of exemption for musical instruments coming from our Dominions? I have had a very strong appeal made to me by a large firm of musical instrument makers in Canada, who want to know what the Dominions have done during this War that a prohibited duty should be levied upon them, or whether any exemption is going to be made for them. I would suggest to the right hon. Gentleman that there is a point well worthy of his attention. It is not unnatural that those who are coming over here to fight for us, spending their lives and treasure in the service of the British Empire, should find it rather strange that we should exclude their goods from this country for the benefit of home manufacturers. A further point has been raised by large firms who deal in band instruments and in similar musical instruments. They point out that wood-wind instruments are made both in France and Belgium, and are not luxuries but necessaries, and they are to some extent, I imagine, useful when utilised by instrumental bands for regimental purposes. Could not some exemption be made, at any rate, for instruments being used for recruiting troops under our voluntary system? It seems very hard that you should levy a duty on instruments fulfilling such a patriotic duty, and that those who form bands playing round London for patriotic purposes should have to pay a 1052 higher price for instruments, which, in this case, are clearly a necessary and not a luxury.
The amount which this duty will bring in, I think the right hon. Gentleman will concede, is little enough. So far as I can understand—I mention these figures with great diffidence, because the right hon. Gentleman is always accusing me of using figures unfairly—musical instruments imported for the last eight months amount to £56,000, and instruments in parts to £113,000, the whole amount being £169,000. It does not seem a very large amount to rectify our exchange, nor does it seem to provide a large amount of revenue; but, since the collective wisdom of the Cabinet decided after long consultation that it is entirely necessary for us to pass these duties, however much we may dislike them, I will not offer any further financial criticism on them. I bow to the collective wisdom of the Cabinet—[An HON. MEMBER: "United Cabinet!"]—united Cabinet. But I hope the right hon. Gentleman will see his way to give an answer on some of the points which I have put before him, and also to explain the particular merit of these taxes. The right hon. Gentleman is always asking us to deal with these taxes in detail, but he does not do so himself. He has never told us, for instance, how much the British consumer will have to pay for home-made instruments in excess of what he would pay without this tax, and if it is a deliberate policy. If he wanted to diminish luxuries, I can understand his putting an indirect Excise Duty on musical instruments. Whatever his policy, it is worth while stating it. The hon. Member for West Ham and the people he represents are interested, I should have thought, in this question, and will want to know why they should pay 33 1–3 per cent. more for the benefit of the home manufacturer. Now the right hon. Gentleman might have explained to us why he has taken this particular item of musical instruments, more than a large number of other items. Silk is a large import, and I should have thought it is much more of a luxury, and a better subject from the revenue point of view.
With regard to gramophones, the right hon. Gentleman throws out some hope that he will make some exemption for gramophones, say, sent to France for the enjoyment of our troops. I am sure many would be glad to hear about it. I am not saying this because I want to score a point, but really I am serious about it. The number 1053 of appeals for gramophones from various camps is very large, and many of us have gladly responded by sending them; but, of course, everybody's money is limited, and with the heavier taxation coming everybody is certain to have less money to give. Naturally, therefore, the increase of one-third applied to gramophones would curtail one of the few things which really gives great enjoyment to our soldiers at the depots, camps, and training centres, and if something could be devised by which a gramophone that is certified for military purposes would be exempt from this taxation, the right hon. Gentleman, I think, would be really meeting a practical point.
§ Mr. GLYN-JONES
As one of those who would in any case support the Government in this matter, though in doing so I shall be appearing to act against views which I formerly expressed, and which I still hold, I would make an appeal to the Chancellor of the Exchequer to help those of us who are in this position by explaining why he has not put on corresponding Excise Duties. I also rise to say—I hope without presumption as a young Member of this House—what my position is in regard to these votes which are taking place. We have just had a Division, and I have sat here and heard threats of other Divisions on this subject. My own position was that, after the speech from the Prime Minister, whatever I thought on the immediate question, I had no right to go into the Lobby against the Government unless I was prepared to see this Government resign and some other Government take its place. I think it is a perfectly cheap way of obtaining notoriety to divide at this time against this Government, relying on other Members to save those who go into the Lobby against the consequences of their votes. The position, as I understand it, is that this Government brings forward these Budget proposals, and we are told that we are in a time of truce, and that we ought to regard them from the two points of view, namely, that of revenue and of preventing a larger amount of importation than can be avoided. I do not understand all the fuss that has been made about this matter, although, in normal times, they might be prepared to carry their objection to any length, such as resigning seats and fighting an election; but I do not quite understand the attitude they are taking now. If a Division taken at this time is meant to be an expression of the view of the British House of Commons on the subject voted upon, it is a 1054 perfect farce. Who will say that the numbers in such a Division represent the view of the Members of the House of Commons on that or any other subject? We are asking that the General Election should be postponed because a large number of the electors are in France, and if we are to decide this matter by Vote, then all the Members on service ought to be here.
§ Mr. GLYN-JONES
I see no reason for closing up the House. The Government up to now have been prepared to listen to argument, and my own view is that under the conditions of the War we should simply express our view and our arguments in support of it, but we should not carry our opposition to the extent of dividing the House, which, at a time like this, does a great deal to discredit the House of Commons.
§ Lieut.-Commander WEDGWOOD
I was pleased to hear the hon. Member for Stepney (Mr. Glyn-Jones) express his opinion upon the propriety of dividing the House of Commons. The hon. Member has been here some time, and he has always been a member of that party who did what the Front Bench told them. It is the habit of those hon. Members who sit on the benches behind the Government to adopt this attitude and then go to the Government offices during the day to get their friends jobs and concessions.
§ Mr. GLYN-JONES
I do not know whether the hon. Gentleman means to apply that to me, if so, I should be glad if he would give particulars of anything in that respect.
§ Lieut.-Commander WEDGWOOD
You said that those hon. Members who wanted a Division on this question were seeking notoriety.
§ Lieut.-Commander WEDGWOOD
The hon. Gentleman belongs to the goody-goody Members who always vote with the Government, lecturing the wild ducks and saying their conduct is endangering the country. We all want to win the War more than anything else. We put the winning of the War first, and our objection is that these taxes are not calculated to help us to win the War. That is perfectly plain and it is not a matter of 1055 principle. When you put a tax on musical instruments you enable the manufacturers here to tax the community on the kind of instruments they make. Already here they have decided to raise the price of pianos by 33⅓ per cent. in order that they may tax the people, which this proposal gives them the right to do. To do that is not the best way to ensure the prosperity of the country, or secure a sense of justice amongst the taxpayers who are being extremely hardly hit by the Budget.
You raise the price of gramophones and pianos and anybody who spends money on those things has less to spend on useful articles of production, consequently you produce a scarcity of money for the War and for keeping up the general stamina of the people. There are fewer exports and less money spent on home trades, and you have all the difficulties coming from increased prices. Whenever you find prices increase all round the trade is worse, and it is far more difficult to carry on your export trade. We do not want to put on a tax which is going to increase the price to the public, because they will have less to spend on other things. We do not want to pass a tax which will give a sense of injustice of that kind, and which will put money into private pockets instead of into the public purse. We are told that these imports amount to £160,000. If the Chancellor of the Exchequer really expects to reduce imports by putting a tax on musical instruments which can only effect £160,000 a year, I say he is trifling with the time of the House. The hon. Member for Barnsley (Sir J. Walton) said this tax was put on as an example of how stupid protection was, and to show the ridiculous result it would bring about. A time of war is not the time to try ridiculous experiments; you should try such experiments in time of peace if you must try them, but do not make the excuse for these taxes that they are imposed merely to show the country what a rotten system of taxation Protection is. I only rose because the hon. Member for Stepney seemed to charge us with trifling with the time of the House and not obeying the Prime Minister's will. I shall continue to act as my conscience directs me, irrespective of any jeremiads which may be thrown at us.
§ Mr. THEODORE C. TAYLOR
One argument in favour of this proposal is that it will regulate exchange. I thought it might interest the Chancellor of the Exchequer and the House to be shown a 1056 better way of regulating exchange, because this proposal will not affect it very much. I am most amenable to the arguments which have been put forward. Somebody said on the Free Trade side, it is quite true that as a rule exports and imports pay for each other, but the object of the Government in endeavouring to check imports is a legitimate one. As the Chancellor of the Exchequer said a good many of our imports come from the United States, and the munitions which are the largest part are compulsory imports. I would like to tell the Chancellor of the Exchequer and the House of the kind of import that is going on, and it is not compulsory. With British money we are paying for imports of our Allies into France—I am speaking with first-hand knowledge—and we are importing cotton textile goods made in America because the War Trade Department or the War Office prevents the Allies who are buying these goods with our own money having permission to buy them in our own country. This is an actual fact.
§ Mr. SPEAKER
I do not think that is relevant to this discussion, although it may be a very proper subject to bring before the House upon some other occasion.
§ Mr. TAYLOR
The hon. Member for Devizes (Mr. Peto) desires that this tariff should be made more scientific, and so do I. I think we ought to have some regard to the Colonies. I do not think the Chancellor of the Exchequer has given sufficient attention to making this tariff as scientific as it ought to be made, and I think he might give this matter a little more attention before this Bill comes on in order to make its operation more scientific. That would be acknowledging what the hon. Member for Devizes forsees: that this is a Protectionist tariff and that it will assist industry, If you hit a man on the side of the head very hard, it does not matter what you intend, it hurts his head. If you establish a tariff against the interests of art or music which will have the effect of excluding musical instruments not only for the rich but for the poor, it will not be any advantage. We are not protesting against the intention of the Government; all we are protesting against is the natural effect of what they are now about to do.
§ The CHANCELLOR of the EXCHEQUER (Mr. McKenna)
I hope we may be allowed to come to a Division on this 1057 Vote. I have been charged with being unwilling to consider each case upon its merits, but I do not think that charge is justified. This is the second tax we have had to discuss. On the first, relating to motor cars I considered every business representation that was made, but with regard to this tax no single business ground has been put forward. I admit that there are taxes coming later, notably the Plate Glass Tax and the Hat Tax, with regard to which I know from outside information there are serious business objections to be raised against them.
§ Lieut.-Commander WEDGWOOD
Surely the right hon. Gentleman is not going to consider only vested interests?
§ Mr. McKENNA
The hon. Member knows that I would not consider any vested interests. We ought not, however, to put on taxes which are going to interfere unnecessarily with business and restrict unnecessarily trade which is good trade and not merely for this purpose, luxury trade. As regards musical instruments, I think in the midst of the War we are bound to regard them as luxuries. I do not wish to hamper trade; but when my hon. Friend charges me with having only a crude system I would answer that if this were a permanent and scientific system of Tariff Reform it would not be introduced by me and it would not be like this. This is a tax intended for present conditions, and it has for its object the restriction of imports and limiting expenditure on luxuries, and I think those two objects are satisfied.
§ Mr. McKENNA
Because I cannot. Not only my hon. Friend, but others have repeated this argument again and again, and have asked why I do not impose an Excise Duty. I have not the machinery to do so, and I cannot. It would be ridiculous to set up the great machinery of an Excise for a ten months' tax. It would hardly be at work. I should not be able to engage the officials and train them for their work before the time for the renewal of the tax came. [An HON. MEMBER: "There are the difficulties of the export trade of musical instruments in parts."] I do not think that there really are difficulties. The export trade of musical instruments in parts offers no more difficulty than the export trade in sugar goods. I hope that this tax will be allowed to pass in order that we may get 1058 on to the other taxes, to which I admit there are more serious objections to be raised.
§ Mr. R. LAMBERT
I want to ask the Chancellor of the Exchequer whether he can see his way to make some concession to the violin industry. I understand that violins are principally made at Mirecourt, in the Vosges. They come to this country, and are the exports of one of our Allies. It would be a very hard thing indeed if at this moment we hit a blow at our gallant Allies by taxing an industry of a part of France which has been very sorely tried during this War. I want to add a word in support of what has been said about strings. The raw gut is exported from this country to Rome and Verona in Italy, to Barcelona, Lyons, and other towns in France, and it is there made up into harmonic strings and sent back to this country. Again, it is very hard that we should tax an industry of one of our Allies, and in doing so we are bound to hit the export trade of our own people in raw gut. If the Chancellor of the Exchequer could see his way to make some concession with regard to the string instruments and to the strings, I am quite sure he would be doing good service.
§ Mr. YEO
Do I understand that the trade has in no way approached the right hon. Gentleman in regard to this tax? What attitude does he intend to adopt with regard to those makers who are putting on 33⅓ without the tax affecting them in any way. I speak from thirty years' experience in the trade, and there are London-made instruments by the thousand, no parts being imported at all. Are these manufacturers to take this extra tax? After all, it is coming back upon the public, because when they come into our shops they will have to pay in addition to that 33⅓ an extra profit on that money. Cannot something be done to prevent the manufacturer putting on a tax that has never been put on him? Surely this is Protection in its deepest essence. We are allowing the manufacturer to set up his own factory, make his own piano through and through, except possibly for the growing of the wood, and he is going to charge in addition to the present price, which goodness knows is exorbitant enough—
§ Mr. YEO
I will buy as many as you like at that price. I can give you the name of 1059 a firm who will buy a million of them if you produce them at £9 10s. each. There is an order for you. They make them here, and put them on the market. The tax does not affect them, and yet they are going to charge us who are merchants the 33⅓ extra on the ordinary price, and we shall have to charge the people that and a little bit more besides. This is going to cripple the export trade of the piano industry. It is going to cripple the import trade of Germany. I will tell the House something from my own business experience. I have been thirty years in the trade, and I have not had twenty German pianos in my shop. I am a Free Trader, but I would not have them, because I do not believe in them. The Chancellor of the Exchequer is out for taxing extra war profits. Is he going for the piano manufacturers? Is he going to get this extra 33⅓ into the Treasury? If he is, then I shall not object to the tax, but, if he is not, I shall want to know why some step is not taken to prevent these people putting on that which they have never been charged. This is very far from being British business or honest business. I speak quite freely, and I say to the Chancellor of the Exchequer that I have in my hand a protest from the trade and a request that I should support a petition against this tax. Good heavens, they have never had to pay it, and they have never been charged it! Yet if I want a piano I have got to pay 33⅓ extra. It is not playing the game. This is the way of all patriotic employers. Yes, they pay the tax willingly and gladly—with other people's money. They make it out of the people. I am about sick and tired of taxes of this kind which do not deal with the thing direct.
I shall not rest content if I find that this tax goes through this afternoon. I do not wish to hamper the Government or to go into the Lobby against it. I wish to support them to get this Budget through, and, with other Members of this House, I desire to see this War prosecuted to a successful conclusion, but how can you expect business men who have the utmost difficulty in life in paying their way to pay the taxes that are put upon them when, on the other hand, manufacturers take out of them that to which they have no right? Look at it from any standpoint you like. I do not care from what standpoint you look at it. I may not be polished in my language, but I speak from my heart. It is utterly im- 1060 possible to be cool when we find it hard to support the Government and pay our way. I speak very little in this House, but I think I am as loyal a supporter of the Government as they have got behind them, or anywhere else. This is almost breaking one's loyalty to their principles and to the Government, and it is high time that this House woke up to the fact. Take it off hats. Good gracious, how much will that affect industry? I am surprised that men are fools enough to come into this House and take up the cudgels of an industry which has always been protected and which, when a tax is put upon it, wants somebody to take up its case. Twelve months ago we could sell London-made instruments on the English market for eighteen guineas. To-day we cannot retail one at an ordinary profit of 10 per cent. under thirty guineas. Now, on the top of that, we have got to add something extra. I make no excuse for repeating it. I represent a working-class constituency, and the working-classes have as much right to music as the upper classes. It is one of the things which helps to pass winter evenings and to bring harmony into the home. It is one of those things which when friends get together often keeps them out of a public-house, and helps them to spend happy evenings in their homes. I have said enough about the piano. I shall keep my eye on the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and I shall want to know whether he is not going to keep his eye on this 33⅓. It is an injustice to this House and to the nation for any manufacturer to put a tax of 33⅓ per cent. on any article on when he has never been compelled to pay it by the Government.
There are gramophones, nine parts out of ten of which are to-day made in this country. They have British cases, British sound arms, British boxes, and British horns. Of many gramophones only the motor is a manufactured article, and that is made in Switzerland. What are you going to do with the gramophones? I have been ordered to sign an agreement before manufacturers will send their goods to me. Is this business? I have another letter from a firm which has always made everything that it sells in this country in another department, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer can see it, telling me that I must sign the agreement by the 1st of October, which is to-morrow, if I want my goods to come in at 33⅓ advance. You can dismiss the tax for what you are going to get out of it. The revenue it is going to bring to this country will be outshone 1061 and outdone by the harm it will do to industry and trade within our own borders. The Board of Trade have asked this country to put its best effort forward and to try and catch German trade. The Chancellor of the Exchequer is bringing in things which are going to prevent us doing anything of the sort.
What will happen when this War is over? The manufacturers in this House who may be importers and exporters will go back to Germany if they can buy the article cheaper there than they can buy it in their own country. We have very little consistency, any of us, except when it touches our own pocket. I am not afraid to admit it, and hon. Members can make what reply they like, but they cannot say that Tariff Reform is a good thing when it makes the people of this country pay that which they have no right to pay, and that which has never been put on by the Government. No Tariff Reformer can say it is a right thing that pianos, organs, gramophones, and other instruments which are manufactured in this country, should have a tax of 33⅓ per cent. put upon them when the Government has never put it on for the purposes of the War. I apologise if I have been heated, or vulgar or rude, but business will never come to this country unless we adopt business methods, and if you call it business to put a tax upon those things which are manufactured in this country which have advanced 45 per cent. to 55 per cent. since the War began, I call it business of an insane kind, and it is unworthy of the business men of the British nation. I appeal to the Chancellor of the Exchequer with all the warmth I can in regard to this tax, and I assure him it will do no good and it will injure trade. I know one firm that has invested over £500,000 in this particular branch of industry which employs 800 men and which has given 300 men to the War, and it would, if this tax were removed, be able to increase its output and give a larger supply to the British market at the old prices, and would be able to create a bigger export trade than it has ever had before. But you are going to tie them up and throttle them. If the Chancellor of the Exchequer gets anything out of this tax he will be a lucky man.
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When teachers are setting up their classrooms for the new school year, it’s common for them to pay for a portion of their classroom supplies out of pocket. Fortunately, a special tax break allows the educators of our nation to deduct some of those expenses. And under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA), understanding this deduction is especially important.
Looking for a tax deductions list teachers can reference for how to make the most out of these deductions?
Learn how teachers can save by reading Pasquesi Sheppard’s teacher tax deductions list.
The Educator Expense Deduction is an important tax mechanism for educators across the United States. Before you ask “How much can I claim for educator expenses?” though, it’s important to understand that there are two criteria that must be met before qualifying for this tax break:
The reason these two criteria exist is to make certain primary and secondary education professionals can take advantage of this tax break. The first requirement prevents college professors and other post-secondary educators from qualifying. The second ensures that homeschooling parents are unable to qualify for the Educator Expense Deduction.
So, can teachers deduct expenses? Yes, they can. However, if you’re a teacher, you must know what expenses you can claim and how much you can claim if you want to get the most out of your income taxes.
From 2018 through 2025, the TCJA has suspended miscellaneous itemized deductions subject to the 2% of Adjusted Gross Income (AGI) floor.
Fortunately, qualifying educators can still deduct some of their unreimbursed out-of-pocket classroom costs under the educator expense deduction. Qualifying elementary and secondary school teachers and other eligible educators (such as counselors and principals) can deduct up to $250 of qualified expenses.
If you’re married to someone who is also an educator, you may deduct up to $500 in educator expenses from your income taxes. That said, neither party may deduct more than $250 each.
In most cases, yes. Items eligible for the Educator Expense Deduction include:
Keep in mind that you can only receive a teachers tax credit for these items if you have not been reimbursed for the money you’ve spent on them. So if your school, teacher’s union, or another party paid you back for these expenses, you will not be able to deduct it.
Through 2017, any educator expenses, including union dues, in excess of the $250 threshold could have qualified as “unreimbursed employee expenses.” New tax reforms have changed that. Now, for tax years 2018 through 2025, educators can no longer deduct union dues.
There are rules for deducting expenses for your home office, however. These rules are strict, too. For example, a home office must be used solely for work purposes, which may be a difficult requirement to meet.
As an educator, you may be able to deduct expenses associated with continuing education. Again, you must meet certain requirements in order to do this.
In order to deduct expenses associated with continuing education as an educator, those expenses must be for education that maintains or enhances your job skills, or education that, by law, you must complete in order to maintain your occupation. However, this education is not allowed to be part of a program that may qualify you for a new line of work. Specific continuing education expenses that you’re allowed to deduct may include:
The TCJA has made significant changes to tax deductions that may be available to you as an educator. It’s crucial to stay up to date on these changes, but it can be tough to do it all yourself. If you have any questions or need help finalizing your teacher tax deduction list for the coming tax year, contact our Chicago-area office today.
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Integration doesn’t mean equality
School integration is a mirage, writes RiShawn Biddle of Dropout Nation.
Cambridge,Massachusetts is a “leader in school integration,” declare the Century Foundation, balancing most schools by race and socioeconomic status.
Yet, black high school students are far less likely to take Advanced Placement courses or high-level math courses, he writes. They are far more likely to be placed in “special-ed ghettos” where they are “denied the high-quality teaching and curricula they need for lifelong success.”
One out of every four Black children in Cambridge’s district — 25.9 percent of Black children in its care — are labeled special ed cases, as are 25.4 percent of Latino peers. This is almost double the (also far too high) 14.2 percent of White children placed into special ed.
Black and Latino special-ed students in Cambridge have nearly triple the out-of-school suspension rate of their white classmates, Biddle writes.
Other model districts for integration show similar gaps, he reports. “For all the claims advocates make, socioeconomic integration doesn’t address the underlying issues that keep poor and minority children from receiving the high-quality teaching, curricula, and cultures they need for lifelong success.”
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One of the consistent themes at Black Hat is attacks on industrial control systems; which includes water plants, power plants, and oil refineries. One of the presentations was centered around using honeypots to determine the level of attack activity. An excellent article on the presentation and related material can be found here: http://gcn.com/Articles/2013/08/07/ics-honeypots.aspx?s=security_080813&admgarea=TC_SecCybersSec&Page=1
Some of the attacks can be mitigated with wolfSSL, by using our embedded SSL to secure firmware updates and eliminate MITM attacks. We`ve seen a number of progressive companies adopt our products to do exactly that.
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Imagine you couldn’t read anything on this page. Imagine walking down the street, not being able to read signs or being able to add up your wages.
Where would you be today?
Right now millions of children are missing out on their right to an education. They can’t go to school because they have to work to survive, because they are girls or even because there are no schools where they live.
Where will these children be when they grow up without the chance to learn?
We’re working to make sure every child goes to school. We’re helping build schools, train teachers, advocating girl’s education and reaching children who have to work or are caught up in emergencies with learning.
You can help uphold every child’s right to an education. Make a donation today to not only give children the chance to go to school, but also save their lives and protect their childhoods.
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To be a dark-skinned black woman in America is complicated. The deep-rooted history of racism and colorism in the world has torn families apart, pitted people of differing hues against each other, and even relegated those who are considered dark-skinned or “black” to positions of servitude.
In the aftermath of enslavement, black women who didn’t pass the “paper bag test” were often perceived by those who are non-black as angry, uneducated and ugly. This actual test was used during the early 1900s. If a woman’s face was darker than the bag, she was ostracized. Thousands of night clubs, churches and schools practiced this form of discrimination.
This is the historic and cultural background underlying the new play If Pretty Hurts Ugly Must Be a Muhfucka by Tori Sampson. She said in an interview with Playbill, “I wanted to examine the impact of colonization on black beauty, and to ask what is black beauty, in a way that speaks specifically to black women.”
Dark-skinned black woman have been systematically eliminated from the world of beauty through this kind of racism and colorism. They have become victims of widespread stereotyping, affecting their emotional growth and development. So it’s quite refreshing and timely to see Sampson, with the help of director Leah C. Gardiner, shake up American soil by way of a remixed West Africa fable, with a fresh new look at beauty and blackness.
In Affreakah-Amirrorikah–the telling setting of Sampson’s play, Akim, (Níkẹ Uche Kadari) the modestly dressed, dark-skinned girl with afro-puffs and cornrows, is the village’s depiction of physical perfection. Her beauty “reigns supreme” in this community while her lighter-skinned classmates, Massassi (Antoinette Crowe-Legacy), Kaya (Phumzile Sithole), and Adama (Mirirai Sithole), envy her and fruitlessly vie for love and attention in over-the-top ways — often losing their own spotlight in doing so. They want to be her, while Akim screams in frustration “Take my beauty away from me,” wishing her light could be dimmed just to fit in.
Akim was raised to believe her beauty should be locked away and “preserved,” leaving her feeling trapped. The problem, however, between all the girls is that in looking at their outward appearance they become caught in a web of illusion. Beauty is felt more than it is perceived.
The production blends African and American cultures in the village of Affreakah-Amirrorikah. Akim’s parents are adorned in traditional African dress, while Akim wears a simple denim dress. Her classmates are outfitted in bedazzled urban wear. Costume designer, Dede Ayite, shows us that beauty comes in various forms and fashions.
The production uses American music which is played over live African drumming which again layers these cultures and histories and shows us the musical parallels between them. Though spiritual music is an integral part of the African-American experience, the play loses focus when an extremely long gospel rendition distracts from the main story. Overall the blending of musical genres adds depth to the culture of the characters.
The name of the village of Affreakah-Amirrorikah gives the audience more to think about. Sampson uses mirror to spell out America in her allegory because she wants her audience to reflect on the historical context and the painful realization of what it means to be pretty and ugly today. She uses freak in Africa to symbolize the unfair, negative connotation put on African and black women everywhere. These harmful stereotypes around black beauty impact black women all over the world.
The cast generates a fluid creative energy. They interact with each other as if they are old friends; maybe they have done this before or lived this story with each other. Among the overall strong cast, Antionette Crowe-Legacy as Massassi is magnetic. She struts about the stage with a cocky air and full confidence. Though she plays the sassy, overly jealous teenager on the exterior, we also feel sorry for her because her insecurities are familiar.
This world is not ideal for anyone because physical appearance has no direct correlation to perfection. No one truly wins in the land Affreakah-Amirrorikah, except the audience. We watch from our seats and are challenged to confront our personal perceptions of beauty as vanity lights on stage, designed by Louisa Thompson, bare through our souls. In the final scene, a glass-less mirror appears on stage encouraging us to free ourselves from traditional beauty standards and no longer be slaves to our physical looks.
Though, If Pretty Hurts challenges all attendees to look deeper than their appearances, Sampson succeeds in speaking directly to black women who have been, like the continent of Africa, a victim of exploitation and colonization. Now is the time for change, after all, beauty is a vague concept.
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What to do about college use this summer
Colleges tend to be increasingly looking over the ‘official’ start of the plan season because signaled with the annual switching off of the Well-known Application upon August – They are placing applications previous in the summer along with inviting college students to begin concluding applications prior to Labor Morning.
While few applicants and the families, and also colleges for instance, expect university counselors that will abruptly close down, close, shut down vacations plus run to school premature for the purpose of delivering recommendations as well as transcripts, the particular pressure to obtain an early launch is definitely staying felt all through the admissions process. And not everyone seems to be too happy about the phenomena.
On the optimistic side, several independent instructive consultants (IECs) welcome the opportunity to help pupils start working on purposes during the summertime, particularly those people in aspects of the country in which school starts the first and also second month of August. They want anyone to know the fact that part of their valuable ‘value added’ is the power to counsel professionals on how the approach works plus the need for a more measured method of the burden to submit quick.
This includes reminding families of which school experts have additional priorities in the beginning of the education year as well as aren’t very likely to turn in order to applications along with transcripts while in the first few 2 or 3 weeks of the period.
For their aspect, colleges keep in mind a number of reasons guide anytime supporting docs can be mailed, not the actual of which is opening time, which for lots of is after Toil Day . As well as the last thing anybody wants should be to heighten competitors by making 1 element of the method a function of your date during www.essaywriterforyou.com/ which all documents is finalized.
It’s obvious there are comarcal differences in order to when institution starts in addition to cultural disparities (public or private) about how quickly classes counselors can respond to these kinds of requests at first of the university year. Number of (but some) colleges start off reading prior to mid-September plus they won’t should really be making conclusions in infringement of NACAC’s Statement connected with Principles of fine Practice, which inturn advise universities not to ‘establish any plan deadlines for first-year persons for drop admission in advance of October 15’ in addition to to ‘give the same consideration to every one applications received by which will date. ‘
Keeping in mind that will not most people thinks software ‘creep’ is a nice thing, here is great tips provided by the school counselors, independent counselors, together with former vestibule staff to the question showing how to handle computer software during the summer:
‘My young people would prefer to find the application load done before you begin classes. They understand that educator and doctor recommendations in addition to sending transcripts will not be designed for the first days of school (California) but that is not stop these people from doing work ahead. It is good them draw up college essays in the summer, thereafter re-visit the exact drafts for September by using a fresh mindset. ‘ Nancy Thomas, Faculty Mapping
‘I in addition have a big consider getting just as paperwork (applications filled out, essay or dissertation drafts in 99% very last form, grant searches, and so on ) accomplished as possible over the spring and summer before senior 12 months begins on the fall to ensure that my trainees have a smaller amount stress, meet up with their deadlines, manage their own homework along with activities, together with hopefully level of time to enjoy their approximately of high school–there’s enough tension already! ‘ Marilyn lorrie Loben Sels, College GPS
‘I find summer application availability quite great for my children who are players or have various unusually sizeable time obligations above and beyond during the fall. Specifically frustrate us however are definitely the Oct 15th deadlines that seem to be rising. That works for children starting college in mid or fast August but also for those of us heading back to education after Job Day, a software deadline six weeks into the institution year is much. ‘ Amy Ings. Jasper, The College In shape
‘ For what they have worth, with NY, universities typically amenable after Cooperate Day in addition to guidance advisors will not allow applications until the end associated with September. Many of my people go away for any summer and I want to encourage those significant, non-academic encounters. I realize it is unfair as well as potentially traumatic to allow individuals to start earlier when college students in our location do not have that option. ‘ Jill V. Madenberg, Distinct Educational Expert
‘I can imagine your scenario when the high school advisors, who are engaging in schedule adjustments and orientations at the beginning of the institution year, tend to be bombarded using anxious senior citizens who want their valuable transcripts dispatched yesterday. Often, it takes some time at the beginning of a school year to have the school users and transcripts finalized, as well letters of recommendation. Professionals who are counseling students to deliver their computer software during the summertime could help by way of 1) explaining to the student that the transcripts and high school credit reports may not step out right at the start of the school time and to be patient and 2) contact positive aspects school counselors in their vicinity to find out precisely what their plans are. ‘ Patricia Bostwick, My Higher education Matchmaker
‘It would seem to me the fact that school counselors, as well as professionals could gain from a longer not necessarily shorter app season in that , students and everybody else involved in the college entrée process may possibly feel significantly less pressured to fulfill deadlines that happen to be bunched with each other at the same time. ‘ Melanie Ancient rome , Distinct Educational Advisor
‘There are so many explanation why I think summer season applications undoubtedly are a bad idea… Let them be kids, be sure to let them go to camping, let them get a summer employment, let them renew their battery power for many advantages sakes!! Such students need a break right from academics, balms, test preparation, and anything else that goes plus its a high college student. Precisely why can’t people just let these individuals be kids, have fun and luxuriate in their summer months, stress-free via college apps?! ‘ Felice R. Kobrick, Kobrick University Consulting
‘We need to help some of our students and their families stay calm along with reassure them all that all will probably be well, so long as they keep clear lines regarding communication amenable with their secondary school counselor and the IEC. As well as that managing expectations can be described as part of the work, may it be related to institution admission or possibly helping scholars be serious about how rapidly people can certainly and will be affected by their demands. When I was obviously a high school consultant, we would procede with going into junior year US Past classes to with the children about the school process. I did previously say, ‘Please tell your mom and dad that I don’t work just about any smarter, difficult, or speedier when anyone is yelling with me, frequently in person or possibly via e mail about the desperation of getting software pieces submitted. ‘” Claire Nold-Glaser, School Planning Guide
‘It’s like precious time Christmas/Chanukah store shopping in Should the. You’ll buy those offers early, however you still are not able to gift these folks until the trips! Keep in mind, nearly all colleges probably so much when look at the application until it is actually ‘complete, ‘ meaning that they will not only own your application, but your transcripts, Guidance Report, letters of recommendation, credit score reports, etc . Most of these aren’t going to be ready to go, let alone sent to organisations, until the conclusion of Sept, at the earliest… Don’t dash those computer software! Remember, early bird could possibly catch the very worm, nevertheless second mouse gets the parmesan cheese! ‘ Seth Bykofsky, The group Whisperer
‘Summer has been my most bustling time. I just emphasize the goal is to have all in the college comes, essays (main, additional info in addition to supplements) and also Common Request completed until the student extends back to school in late August or possibly early October. I want the scholar to concentrate on obtaining their best qualities in the primary semester connected with senior time! ‘ Judy Zodda, Zodda College Expert services
‘For possibly all of this students, I enjoy that they can include early having access to real computer software at this point hanging around. I think it will connect each of our newest more mature adults to the reality of exactly how crunched occasion is about to be. I do recommend with them that they run through the process of filling all sorts of things out however, just that people connect with the approval process in the measured, considerate way… As long as colleges are usually not viewing these kind of summer applying it submissions like some kind of useful treatment regarding admission awareness, I’m high-quality with them finding their procedure going currently. ‘ Amy Goldin, COPA Inc.
‘I suggest to the seniors which they begin implementing the common instance (or various applications) starting in August, with the goal about completing basic demographic details, activities, along with honors ahead of the start of faculty. This functions in NORTH CAROLINA, where the primary day of school is usually Early august 25. Furthermore , i advise them how to set aside programs for at least the main week of faculty while these readjust to help complicated plans comprising groups, sports, together with other extracurriculars. I’m sure it is a unconscious boost to perform some improve applications. ‘ Julie Cunningham, Cunningham School Consulting
‘Logistically, transcripts with completed courses seniors are actually using are not available until the conclude of Sept.. We let seniors to give us thirty days to practice requests like transcripts in addition to recommendations. It also takes time for us to complete the school page and get it all printed and also uploaded towards Naviance. I’m a bit at the mercy of our application data, the time it takes that will update the details for the shape, time needed to design/redesign the particular profile, along with the time it will take for the out in the open printer to perform the job… Yes, possibly even public the school folk trust being active and getting deliver the results you can do earlier before classes starts. My partner and i don’t see any benefits to giving applications to schools with August/September. ‘ Diana Flash, Counselor, Woodrow Wilson Graduating high school, Washington, Def. C.
‘I often encourage this is my students in order to when the plan opens if ever the student is actually ready. I need my seniors to enjoy their last year of high school. Whatever they can execute during the summer season actually lowers the stress frequently associated with the program process. Furthermore , i wish considerably more colleges could start delivering their supplement essay encourages earlier to ensure that students might get started for those likewise. I typically find that any supplemental homework may be a start for some individuals as they becomes overwhelmed by Common Applying it essay yet know exactly the reason they are applying to a college and also can easily handle a direct question… I think the performance of the go is much better as soon as the student features time to give it some notion and not be worried about the physics test, the very homecoming party and the heap of apps. ‘ Jeana Kawamura, Kawamura College Advisement
‘I think getting kids a chance to start operate on their software over the summer season is a great concept, and I motivate my trainees to do so as often as possible. For kids at the second end of the academic pole, their work load is forceful, and trying so that you can juggle institution applications plus essays contributes to their strain. The kids a bit lower on the pole need to reveal top grades in the earliest semester to point an up trend for you to colleges. Thus getting treatment done in the summer minimizes stress at all young children. I promote my students to complete most of their Common Request essay by means of July, to being able to use Ones to complete more common App by itself and to initiate work on college-specific essays. I find that right after they have a somewhat more time individual hands together with feel more challenging, they come up with more echoing essays. And they are generally thrilled to go back to school and buy themselves from a great place compared to most of their peers who hadn’t yet idea much concerning the process. ‘ Eleanor Longer LongRoad2College
And exactly do you think?
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Objectives To report COVID-19 illness pattern, symptom duration and time loss in UK elite athletes.
Methods Observational, clinical and database review of athletes with symptomatic COVID-19 illness managed within the UK Sports Institutes. Athletes were classified as confirmed (positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR or antibody tests) or probable (consistent clinical features) COVID-19. Clinical presentation was characterised by the predominant symptom focus (eg, upper or lower respiratory illness). Time loss was defined as days unavailable for full sport participation and comparison was made with a 2016–2019 respiratory illness dataset from the same surveillance system.
Results Between 24 February 2020 and 18 January 2021, 147 athletes (25 Paralympic (17%)) with mean (SD) age 24.7 (5.2) years, 37% female, were diagnosed with COVID-19 (76 probable, 71 confirmed). Fatigue was the most prevalent symptom (57%), followed by dry cough (50%) and headache (46%). The median (IQR) symptom duration was 10 (6–17) days but 14% reported symptoms >28 days. Median time loss was 18 (12–30) days, with 27% not fully available >28 days from initial date of infection. This was greater than our historical non-COVID respiratory illness comparator; 6 days, 0–7 days (p<0.001) and 4% unavailable at 28 days. A lower respiratory phenotype (ie, including dyspnoea±chest pain±cough±fever) was present in 18% and associated with a higher relative risk of prolonged symptoms risk ratio 3.0 (95% CI: 1.4 to 6.5) and time loss 2.1 (95% CI: 1.2 to 3.5).
Conclusions In this cohort, COVID-19 largely resulted in a mild, self-limiting illness. The presence of lower respiratory tract features was associated with prolonged illness and a delayed return to sport.
Data availability statement
No data are available. No additional data are available.
This article is made freely available for use in accordance with BMJ’s website terms and conditions for the duration of the covid-19 pandemic or until otherwise determined by BMJ. You may use, download and print the article for any lawful, non-commercial purpose (including text and data mining) provided that all copyright notices and trade marks are retained.https://bmj.com/coronavirus/usage
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Acute infection with the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing COVID-19 illness, results in a broad range of clinical manifestations in the general adult population.1 Direct pulmonary involvement, with an inflammatory pneumonitis, is the most common reason for hospitalisation; however, other clinical presentations, such as those focused on the upper respiratory (UR) tract, are now widely recognised.2 Studies in the UK general population have now revealed that approximately 10% of individuals with COVID-19 exhibit symptoms lasting more than 28 days and approximately 5% for 84 days or longer.3 The reason an individual may develop a protracted illness course, with delayed recovery, currently remains unclear, but the type of symptoms and/or number of symptoms at presentation, may be indicative. Likewise, while a high level of physical fitness may be protective against the risk of severe disease requiring hospitalisation, it is unclear if this modulates disease course and recovery patterns in mild COVID-19.4 5
In the context of athlete health, a key focus for sporting organisations and their support personnel is the ability to guide an athlete safely to return to high-intensity training and competition following illness or injury.6A successful return to play (RTP) plan acts to inform recovery strategy and manage expectations of the athlete and coaching staff. It is particularly relevant for athletic populations at the elite, international or professional level, where uninterrupted preparation for sporting competition is a key component of athletic and career progression. In this context, RTP decision-making arises from the need to balance the impact of a period of recommended exercise restriction, against the risk of an adverse outcome from infection-related sequelae, including injury risk, following any period of relative rest.7 8
A number of organisations and academic groups have published recommendations regarding RTP following COVID-19,9 10 however there are little data describing the clinical pattern, symptom time course and impact of this illness in elite athletes. Shumacher and colleagues11 reported that in a small cohort of professional footballers (n=15), COVID-19 caused only mild symptoms, lasting less than a week, with no need for hospital care. Similarly, in the questionnaire-based AWARE-I Study, Schwellnus and colleagues12 reported that in athletes with a broad range of athletic capability, COVID-19 was associated with a mild illness lasting approximately 10 days.
The aim of this report was to extend these findings by describing our experience managing COVID-19 in a cohort of international-level Paralympic and Olympic athletes, many of whom were preparing to compete in the 2020 Tokyo Games, using a clinical dataset from the UK Sports Institutes (of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland). Our primary aim was to report the type and duration of symptoms and their impact on full training and competition participation, and to compare time loss with our historical illness surveillance data for non-COVID-19 acute respiratory illness. A secondary aim was to characterise the COVID-19 clinical presentation that may be indicative of protracted athletic recovery from COVID-19.
Study design and subjects
This study was a retrospective case review of all elite athletes diagnosed with symptomatic COVID-19 between 24 February 2020 and 18 January 2021 who received medical care recorded on the electronic medical records systems used by the sports and exercise medicine physicians of the UK Sports Institutes of England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. The cases are from the population of approximately 2500 athletes who were competing in Olympic, Paralympic or Commonwealth Games sports at a senior international level for their home nation, or Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The study period was split into two waves for analysis to align with the first and second waves of the UK epidemic: the 6 months prior to August 2020 and the subsequent 6 months through January 2021.
Athlete demographics, sporting discipline and relevant medical comorbidity data were obtained. The COVID-19 case medical record of all athletes was reviewed by a sports and exercise medicine physician until the end of the study follow-up period (11 March 2021) and the following key variables collected were:
COVID-19 diagnostic criteria; including clinical features and when available, diagnostic test results, that is, PCR from upper airway swabs, or SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing.
Nature and severity of initial symptoms experienced.
Time from symptom onset to resolution (symptom duration).
Time loss was the number of days from symptom onset to full training and competition participation. This included days when athletes were either completely unavailable, or had training modified due to illness.
Investigations, treatment and hospital care required for illness.
All data were anonymised in accordance with the privacy notices associated with the Sports Institutes’ electronic medical records systems, whereby prior informed consent was obtained from all athletes.
COVID-19 case and symptom definitions
Athletes were classified as having either (1) confirmed COVID-19 based on the presence of consistent clinical features and a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test or antibody test, or (2) probable COVID-19 based on consistent clinical features alone and diagnosed at a time of heightened community exposure risk in line with Public Health England guidance at this time1 (figure 1). Notably, SARS-CoV-2 antigen or antibody testing was not available in the UK for non-hospitalised individuals during the UK epidemic first wave.
Symptomatic presentation was classified into five clinical phenotypic groups, based on the predominant anatomical focus:
UR: sore throat±change in smell or taste or sinus problems reported±a cough±fever.
Lower respiratory (LR) illness: presence of dyspnoea±chest pain±cough±fever±other LR tract symptoms (eg, wheeze).
Cough only: cough as the predominant symptom recorded and in the absence of coexisting dyspnoea and without other UR symptoms.
Gastrointestinal (GI): with predominant symptoms being diarrhoea±nausea±abdominal pain.
Non-specific: main clinical feature was fever, fatigue±headache±myalgia but a lack of any prominent respiratory or GI symptoms.
The COVID-19 symptom and time loss duration was grouped as short (≤28 days) or prolonged (>28 days) in a similar manner to Sudre and colleagues.3
A historical acute respiratory illness comparator dataset was obtained from the English Institute of Sport (EIS) Performance Data Management System from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2019. This dataset consisted of all cases with the diagnostic code of ‘respiratory tract infection’ and was the same electronic medical records and health surveillance system that was used to identify the COVID-19 diagnoses.
Data and statistical analysis
Data are reported as mean (SD) or median (IQR or range). Symptom duration and time loss were not normally distributed and were compared using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test. Χ2 tests, or Fisher’s exact test when expected cell counts were below five, were used to compare subgroups of the population to see whether they shared the same proportion of probable versus confirmed cases, prolonged symptom duration or time loss. Χ2 tests and risk ratio calculations were performed using a series of 2×2 tables splitting the data into presence/absence of the feature being tested. A Haldane-Anscombe correction of 0.5 was automatically applied to any tables that contained a zero-cell count. All CIs are at 95%. For all analyses, a p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Analyses were performed using Python V.3.8 with Pandas (V.1.0.5), statsmodels (V.0.11.1) and SciPy (V.1.5) packages. Graphics were produced using Python V.3.8 with Matplotlib (V.3.2.2) and Seaborn (V.0.11.1) packages.
A total of 147 athletes (92 male; 63%) were diagnosed with COVID-19, with a similar proportion of confirmed (n=71; 58 antigen confirmed, 13 antibody confirmed) and probable (n=76) cases (table 1). A similar number of athletes developed COVID-19 during the first and second waves of the UK epidemic, at 80 and 67, respectively (figure 1); and characteristics of athletes with confirmed and probable cases were similar (online supplemental table 1).
The majority of athletes were preparing for summer sports (93%) and in able-bodied sport (83%), with the overall general demographic characteristics (ie, age and gender distribution) of athletes with COVID-19 considered representative of the UK Sports Institutes’ athlete pool (data not presented). The majority of athletes (77%) had no medical comorbidities, although, when present, asthma was the most common condition reported (18%).
COVID-19 symptom pattern and clinical phenotypes
A broad range of symptoms were reported (table 2) at presentation with fatigue, cough and headache being most prevalent, in 57%, 50% and 46% of athletes, respectively. Dyspnoea was reported in 18% of athletes. GI symptomology was the least prevalent presentation, apparent in only three athletes (2%). The presence of multiple symptoms (ie, ≥3) was apparent in 38% of athletes and 18% reported five or more symptoms at presentation. The most prevalent clinical phenotype was UR, classified in 37% of athletes. Symptom and phenotype pattern was comparable between male and female athletes and between confirmed and probable cases (online supplemental table 1).
The majority of athletes reported mild symptoms (n=140, 95%), that did not limit their ability to perform activities of daily living (eg, self-care). No athletes required hospital care or specific COVID-19 treatment (eg, oxygen or dexamethasone).
COVID-19 symptom duration and time loss
The median (IQR, range) between symptom onset and resolution was 10 days (6–17 days, 0–148 days) (figure 2) with female athletes having a slightly longer median symptom duration than male athletes at 12 days (8–18 days, 3–138 days) vs 9 days (5–16 days, 0–148 days), respectively (p=0.006). Of the total cohort, 21 athletes (14%) had symptoms >28 days and 5 (3% of total) had symptoms lasting >90 days. Symptom duration was similar between able-bodied and Paralympic athletes (p=0.46) and in those with and without asthma (p=0.95).
Symptom duration was shorter in those presenting with a UR versus LR phenotype, at 10 (IQR 7–15, 2–148) and 18 (IQR 10–33, 4–121) days, respectively (p=0.01) (figure 3).
The median (IQR, range) time loss was 18 (12–30 days, 0–275 days) (figure 4). Of the total cohort, 75 (51%) athletes had more than 17 days of time loss, of whom 40 (27%) athletes were still not fully available >28 days and 9 (6%) >90 days. Seventy-one per cent of athletes with >28-day symptoms also had >28-day time loss.
Characteristics of athletes with prolonged (>28 days) time loss
The presence of chest pain at presentation was associated with a higher likelihood of prolonged time loss (>28 days), with no other single symptom indicative of prolonged return to full sport participation (table 2 and figure 5). The presence of five or more symptoms was also not associated with prolonged time loss (p=1.0).
Athletes with LR symptoms were 2.1 (CI 1.2 to 3.5) times more likely to have a prolonged time loss (>28 days). The sensitivity of LR to detect this was 0.30 (CI 0.17 to 0.47) and the specificity was 0.88 (CI 0.80 to 0.93). Thus, in this cohort, the negative predictive value of LR (probability of not having prolonged time loss without LR phenotype) was 77% (CI 73% to 81%), whereas the positive predictive value (probability of having prolonged time loss given LR phenotype) was 48% (CI 32% to 65%). There were no other predictive factors (tables 2 and 3, figure 3).
Comparison of time loss for historical EIS acute respiratory illness data
Our review of historical illness surveillance data revealed a shorter duration time loss period for acute respiratory illness with a median of 6 days (IQR 0–7 days, 0–224) (p<0.001) (figure 4). The prevalence of a prolonged time loss was also lower at 4% for acute respiratory illness vs 27% for COVID-19 (p<0.001).
The primary aim of this study was to report the clinical characteristics, disease course and impact of COVID-19 on full sport participation, in a cohort of very closely monitored and supported international athletes, many of whom were in the preparatory phase for the 2020 Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games. Our analysis included athletes who developed COVID-19 in both the first and second UK epidemic waves, representing approximately 6% of the UK Sports Institutes’ athlete pool. Respiratory tract-focused symptomatology was the most common presentation; with fatigue, cough and headache being the most prevalent symptoms; GI issues were uncommon.
In keeping with the findings reported in an age-matched demographic of the general population with COVID-19,3 in the vast majority of cases, COVID-19 was a self-limiting illness, with symptoms lasting a median of 10 days and with no cases requiring specific targeted treatment (eg, oxygen or dexamethasone) or acute hospital care. Further, COVID-19 illness did not appear to be associated with protracted symptoms in the majority of athletes; that is, at 1 month following the onset of symptoms, only approximately 1 in 10 athletes remained symptomatic, again broadly aligning with the general population findings.
In contrast, however, COVID-19 does appear to have a more pronounced impact on full athletic recovery with over a quarter of athletes in this cohort not returned to full sport participation at 1 month following their initial infection date. Moreover, 6% of athletes were still limited at 3 months. This delayed return to full sport participation has profound implications for competition preparation, particularly given the close proximity to the Tokyo Olympic and Paralympic Games. It also compares unfavourably with our historical data, monitoring the impact of respiratory tract ‘infection’ time loss in this population of internationally competitive athletes. In the vast majority of our historical case series, an infective pathogen was not identified, and thus it is not possible to reliably compare the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection with other specific viral pathogens.
It is important to note that, at the time of study, UK Sports Institute COVID-19 RTP guidance7 recommended a minimum of 7 days of graded return with training modification and thus this and a conservative approach to RTP in the context of this novel pathogen may have influenced the calculation of short-term (ie, <1 month) time loss.
An associated aim of this evaluation was thus to determine if there were factors that could help clinicians when trying to assess and predict the development of protracted COVID-19 recovery. Historically, the ‘neck check’ rule has been used to aid RTP in athletic individuals with respiratory symptoms.13 Specifically, it has been proposed that if respiratory symptoms localise to the UR tract (eg, sore throat and/or coryzal symptoms), then these are unlikely to impact training and it would be feasible to allow an athlete to continue with some form of exercise; whereas for those with symptoms below the neck, a period of full exercise cessation is recommended. This approach has, however, never been robustly evaluated in a prospective randomised trial and thus although widely used, remains contentious. Data from the recent AWARE-1 Study challenge this approach and indeed promoted the value of identifying a ‘symptom cluster’ that was associated with prolonged RTP, in symptomatic athletes with acute respiratory illness (including COVID-19). In addition, that study revealed that excessive fatigue was a key symptom associated with protracted RTP, with 70% of athletes with this symptom demonstrating an RTP greater than 40 days following infection,12 a finding that aligns with data from a general population symptom-tracker study in the UK from Sudre and colleagues3 who reported that fatigue at presentation was associated with an almost threefold likelihood of an individual developing long COVID-19.
In the current study, reporting data from an elite athlete cohort, we found that the presence of an LR pattern (ie, including features such as dyspnoea, chest pain and cough) was most indicative of a prolonged return to full training and was associated with almost three times the likelihood of a prolonged time loss (>28 days). This was a relatively arbitrary division, based on the presence of clinical features alone, and thus without confirmatory radiological or laboratory investigations, but may be indicative of likely low-grade pulmonary inflammation and potentially a more pronounced systemic response.
However, even based on clinical report, we found that a presentation confined to the UR tract was associated with a shorter duration of illness (median symptom duration of 10 days for the UR phenotype compared with 18 days for the LR phenotype) and a shorter return to full sport participation (median time loss of 17 days for the UR phenotype compared with 27 days for the LR phenotype). The reason this differs from the AWARE-1 findings may relate to differences in the study population (ie, elite vs broader athletic capability) and methodology (ie, medical records vs self-reported questionnaire data). Regardless, an approach that identifies the pattern of symptom localisation may be helpful in managing expectations regarding symptom duration and full sporting participation in elite athletes and now needs to be assessed and further validated in a broad range of athletic cohorts.
Several guidelines have now been published regarding protocols for RTP for athletes recovering from mild-moderate COVID-19 illness.7 14 The most widely used guidance, that appeared early in the first wave of the global pandemic, recommended at least 10 days between symptom onset and the start of graduated exercise progression over a further 7 days. This 17-day minimum graduated RTP (GRTP) was advocated to mitigate any risk of vigorous exercise early in the illness heightening susceptibility to more serious complications (eg, pneumonia or cardiac inflammation). Data since that time indicate a very low overall incidence of these types of complications15 and thus on the basis of a risk analysis a recommendation for shorter duration of exercise cessation may be appropriate, certainly in athletic individuals with relatively short-lived symptoms that are confined to the UR tract. It is noteworthy that data from two recent studies, enrolling a significant number of elite athletes, reveal cardiac inflammatory sequelae from COVID-19 in only a small proportion of athletes (approximately 0.6%).16 17
The reason why an athlete may suffer from protracted symptoms and a delayed return to sport has not been systematically evaluated or presented in this report. Several mechanisms have been proposed (eg, autonomic dysfunction) and several are potentially relevant in the context of a delayed return to full sport participation.18 19 Indeed, while ongoing detailed clinical evaluations are being conducted to establish relevant factors in Home Nation Sports Institutes (HSNI) athletes with protracted illness, this was not an aim of the current work, and we did not continue to prospectively track the intensity of persisting symptoms and limited exercise tolerance. This work is clearly needed in studies evaluating the pathophysiological mechanisms (including cardiac involvement) underpinning protracted COVID-19 recovery in both the general and athletic population.
Several methodological limitations are worthy of consideration. In the UK first wave, there was no community-based access to SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing. In this work, we therefore had to characterise the cohort, based on a classification as either a probable or confirmed diagnosis. It is therefore possible that some of the cases could have been classified incorrectly. Our comparison of these groups however shows similar clinical characteristics (online supplemental file 1) and we used the Public Health England diagnostic guidance at that time to evaluate cases in at time with very heightened background infection rate and avoidance strategies in place in the UK.1 While dyspnoea was more prevalent in the probable versus confirmed cases, dyspnoea alone was not independently associated with a longer time loss. Notably, the prevalence of chest pain which was associated with longer time loss was similar between probable and confirmed cases. Additionally, in contrast with general population, this cohort of individuals are closely monitored from a health point of view and have regular and detailed contact with Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) professionals. Overall, it therefore seems likely that these cases do represent true SARS CoV-2 infection.
In this respect, it is also noteworthy that, when compared with the background case rate in the UK, there appears to be a reduced prevalence or potential ‘infection rate’ during the second wave (figure 1). This pattern may reflect the paucity of community-based tests in the first wave in the UK, or indeed the fact that more robust infection avoidance strategies were in place for the second wave. Certainly, within the HSNI, COVID-19 risk mitigation and testing systems improved considerably between the first and second waves. It is likely that illness behaviour will continue to be dramatically altered by global vaccination strategies, when they are widely available in athletic populations.20
Ideally, we would have wished to use a prospective design to track athlete symptoms and to use a validated scoring system to record and characterise disease severity. However, the data collection system used at that time did not permit this type of analysis. Our definition of ‘time loss’ is one employed in the UK Sports Institutes and thus allowed direct comparison with our historical surveillance database. This is based on clinicians’ assessment of whether athletes are fully available to train and compete, and given the same systems were used for both historical monitoring and during the COVID-19 pandemic, provides methodological rigour. However, whether return to being ‘available’ is actually indicative of a full athletic recovery is likely to be more accurately determined by detailed physiological and psychological assessment. It is also possible that heightened clinical scrutiny, quarantine and GRTP requirements, in the context of this novel pathogen and an evolving understanding of COVID-19, may have influenced athlete symptom reporting or indeed prompted caution with respect to the acute RTP advice afforded to an athlete. Although this is likely to be relevant in some cases, it is worth noting that this cohort of athletes were highly motivated to continue uninterrupted training, given uncertainty regarding the timeline for the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games and other international selection events. Overall, therefore, we feel that it is unlikely that a conservative approach to RTP significantly influenced the data reported of time loss at 28 days following the onset of infection.
A final limitation is that this study may suffer from sparse data bias21 due to the low occurrences of various combinations of case characteristics (eg, summer vs winter sports, or clinical symptoms such as chest pain) as can be seen in tables 2 and 3. As such, the risk ratio estimates and CIs may be biased upwards if above 1, or downwards if below 1, and this should be considered in the interpretation and potential application of the data presented.
In a cohort of elite athletes, COVID-19 was associated with a mild, self-limiting illness, lasting on average 10 days, but causing prolonged impact on full sport participation, longer than a month, in a quarter of athletes. Delayed RTP was associated with LR tract symptoms, specifically chest pain, at presentation and therefore consideration might be given to expediting RTP in athletes presenting with mild, short-lived COVD-19 symptoms confined to the UR tract. Further work is needed to determine the mechanisms associated with prolonged time loss following COVID-19 illness.
What are the findings?
In a cohort of elite athletes, preparing for international competition, COVID-19 illness largely resulted in a mild, self-limiting illness, not requiring hospital care.
The pattern and duration of COVID-19-related symptoms was similar to that reported in the UK general population; however, approximately a quarter of athletes had not returned to full sport participation at 28 days after symptom onset.
The presence of clinical features implicating lower respiratory tract involvement was associated with prolonged illness and delayed return to full sport participation.
How might it impact on clinical practice in the future?
Insight regarding the clinical course and time loss following COVID-19 illness in elite athletes informs recovery management and athlete counselling.
Consideration could be given to expediting return to full sporting participation for those who present with symptoms primarily confined to the upper respiratory tract.
Further work is needed to determine the factors underpinning a delayed return to full sport participation following COVID-19 in some athletes.
Data availability statement
No data are available. No additional data are available.
Patient consent for publication
This study was then approved by a UK Sports Institutes medical group, as a clinical audit, and therefore not requiring ethical approval.
The authors would like to thank Faye Hodson for administrative assistance.
Twitter @Breathe_to_win, @neilSportDoc, @EmilWalsted, @dundeesportsmed, @craig_ranson
Contributors JHH and CR designed and developed the protocol, assisted with data analysis, and drafted, edited and approved the manuscript. MW performed all data analyses and acts as the guarantor for data. ESW provided statistical analysis and review of the manuscript. MM, NH, RM, AB, ML and NE contributed to the methods and data collection, and assisted production of the manuscript.
Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Competing interests None declared.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.
Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.
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This project will explore the use of nano- and micro-scale techniques to characterise subsurface formations in order to improve drilling operations, logged data interpretation and large-scale geomechanical models. Such techniques will be applied to cuttings, readily available during most drilling campaigns. The ultimate goal is to be able in the future to derive petrophysical and mechanical properties of the overburden and reservoir while drilling, so as to improve pre-drill models and optimise the driller's choices in near real-time. In parallel, probing the formations at multiple scales will contribute to modelling efforts, where upscaling is dependent on high-quality input data for all constituent material phases. Such model predictions can in turn be verified by proper test procedures at the different scales (nano, micro and standard plug size). The biggest challenge to be overcome will be developing and performing advanced mechanical tests schemes combined with microscopy that allow correlating the macroscopic properties to the nanoscale structures. It will be difficult to determine whether this information is sufficient in order to upscale the properties and correctly predict behaviour at macro-scale. However, if successful, a method will be provided for drilling safely by adjusting drilling parameters on the way to target, with much more data than what is available today, based on few cores and lengthy tests. A market will be created for comprehensive testing on cuttings, continually produced as drilling progresses. It can be envisaged that with new upscaling models that we aim to develop, X-ray CT of well cuttings combined with indentation and acoustic velocity determination on rig to calibrate logs will be sufficient to continuously monitor and optimise the drilling process.
Project leader: Ragnhild Skorpa
Category: Teknisk-industrielle institutter
Institution: SINTEF INDUSTRI AVD TRONDHEIM S P AND VEI
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Kaleidoscope Rainbow Cookies
Simple sugar cookies turn into beautiful kaleidoscope rainbow cookies with homemade sanding sugar! Food coloring is simply mixed with coarse sugar to create a rainbow of colors!
I often wonder about why I have such a fascination with other eras.
Is it because I spent so much time with my grandparents when I was growing up?
And because they played so much of their music for me that older music feels more familiar to me than the music of “my era?”
My grandpa Joe used to put records on for us all the time and teach us how to dance. I think he did a great job, though my husband would argue that I am one of the worst dancers he’s ever seen. He obviously has no idea what he is talking about.
This is one of the songs that we often danced to. When I hear it, it feels so nostalgic like a song from my childhood. And I guess in a way it is.
The thing I miss most about working as a music therapist on an Alzheimer’s unit is singing songs like this almost every day.
Not really because of how much I love this kind of music, (even though I do) but more because of what it brought out in the clients I worked with. Like a time machine. Back to a time when words were easy to find and memories were not compromised.
I’m sure you are wondering what any of this has to do with these cookies.
Well, to be honest, nothing really.
Other than the fact that my brain goes on tangents and I wanted to make these cute retro Rainbow Kaleidoscope Cookies for St. Patty’s Day.
And St. Patty’s Day reminds me of the clover song which reminds me of working on an Alzheimer’s unit. So I guess I felt the need to share all of that with you. Ok? Cool.
Is a pot of rainbow cookies almost as good as a pot of gold?
- Sugar in the raw, or demerara sugar, or turbinado sugar
- Green, blue, yellow, and red liquid food coloring
- 1 cup unsalted butter, room temperature
- 1 cup confectioners sugar
- 1 tsp vanilla extract OR 1/2 tsp almond extract (I prefer almond in these cookies)
- 1/2 tsp kosher salt
- 2 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
- Put 1/3 cup raw sugar in an airtight container with 4-8 drops of food coloring (depending on how dark you want your color).
- Shake vigorously for at least 1 minute until all the color is distributed through the sugar. For orange, mix yellow and red drops. For indigo, mix red and blue drops. (this didn’t turn out well for me, but give it a shot!)
- Preheat oven to 375 degrees.
- In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with a paddle attachment, or a large bowl with a hand mixer, cream together the butter, sugar and vanilla or almond extract.
- Add salt and slowly add all-purpose flour and mix until incorporated.
- Scoop out dough with a small cookie scoop and flatten to about 1/4 inch thick.
- Roll edges in sanding sugar. (if sugar is not sticking well, brush edges with water before rolling in sugar)
- Bake in a 375 degree oven for 8-12 minutes, until lightly browned.
Amount Per Serving: Calories: 0
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Junior High Language Arts/Librarian
Ms. Melanie Prugh
In the Classroom:
I hope everyone has a great week and remembers to be respectful, responsible, and safe! 🙂
Remember to keep your child home if they are exhibiting COVID-19 type symptoms.
These will be a Spelling/Vocab test on FRIDAY this week! Spelling/Vocabulary words are sent home on Tuesday of each week and tests will be given on Friday. For the test they will need to spell each word and then write sentences for each word so they can show their knowledge of the vocabulary as well as written expression.
No current homework pages to include here. When there are pages assigned from the Literature book or other homework instructions, they will be linked here for students to access from home.
6th Grade Work:
7th Grade Work:
8th Grade Work:
Here are some general websites and links to information to help your child be more successful in school! (This list is not complete, I will be adding to it.)
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Ware, William, 1797-1852. Papers,
William Ware (1797-1852), writer, editor and Unitarian minister Collection consists primarily of William Ware's family correspondence, which includes correspondence with his brother Henry and his wife Mary. Collection also includes photographs of family members and an extensive family tree.
Extent1 collection (1.4 linear feet (4 boxes))
This collection consists primarily of the family correspondence of William Ware, and it is organized alphabetically by correspondent. The bulk of the correspondence was written to Williams' brother, Henry Ware, Jr., who was Parkman Professor of Pulpit Eloquence and Pastoral Care at Harvard Divinity School until his death in 1843. There are also a number of letters written by William's wife, Mary. The collection also includes biographical and personal materials, such as portraits of family members and an extensive family tree, and miscellaneous items related to William Ware's ministerial career and family.
Biographical / Historical
William Ware (1797-1852), writer, editor and Unitarian minister, was born in Hingham, Massachusetts, the son of Mary Clark and Henry Ware, Sr. He graduated from Harvard in 1816, and then studied theology for three years with his father, who had been appointed Hollis Professor of Divinity in 1805. William Ware was ordained in 1821, and married Mary Waterhouse in 1823, and they had seven children. He was a minister in the First Unitarian Society in New York from 1821 until 1836, when he resigned due to health reasons and a desire to give himself to full-time writing. In 1838, he bought the Christian Examiner, and served as its editor for six years. He held several pastoral positions briefly in the Boston area, (including Waltham, 1837-1838 and West Cambridge, 1844-1845) but did not return to the ministry again for any extended period of time. He wrote The Antiquity and Revival of Unitarian Christianity (1831) and three novels set in early Christian and biblical times: Zenobia, Probus, and Julian. His later works included the American Unitarian Biography (1851). After a series of epileptic attacks, he died in Cambridge, Massachusetts. (from American National Biography, volume 22, pages 665-666).
Organized into the following series:
- Series I. Personal material
- Series II. Letters from William Ware
- Series III. Letters from Mary Ware (wife of William Ware)
- Series IV. Miscellaneous letters
- Series V. Miscellaneous items
Donated by Mary Ware Sampson (granddaughter of William Ware) and Henry G. Pearson.
NOTE: The number after the slash in each entry in the following list indicates the box number, and the number in parentheses is the folder number.
Processed by Jonathan Hauze and Fran O'Donnell, 2002.
- Ware, William, 1797-1852. Papers: A Finding Aid.
- Andover-Harvard Theological Library
- Language of description
- EAD ID
Part of the Harvard Divinity School Library, Harvard University Repository
Special Collections at Harvard Divinity School Library preserves and makes accessible primary source materials documenting the history of religion and theology, with particular historical emphasis on American liberal religious traditions. Though the historical strengths of the collections have been in the field of Christianity, other religious traditions are increasingly reflected, in step with Harvard Divinity School's evolving focus on global religious studies. Known as Andover-Harvard Theological Library since 1911, it was renamed the Harvard Divinity School Library in 2021.
45 Francis Avenue
Cambridge MA 02138-1911 USA
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European leaders’ relief over last week’s resumption of natural gas flows from Russia’s Nord Stream 1 pipeline was short-lived, after the Kremlin announced on Monday that it would reduce supply to the E.U. From Wednesday.
Nord Stream 1 is a crucial undersea gas pipeline linking Russia to Europe through Germany. It was initially stopped for 10 days on July 11. Russia claims it had maintenance problems. At 40%, the pipeline operates at its maximum capacity. However, this number will fall to 20% starting next week. E.U. has previously accused Moscow of energy blackmail, and on Tuesday the bloc’s energy ministers struck a deal to reduce gas consumption by 15% from August to March amid fears of a total cut-off in the coming winter months.
Many European countries rely on Russia for their gas supplies. This is essential to heating homes and the power industry. The resource has become a focal point of E.U.-Russia tensions, with Moscow having already cut off gas to six countries and reducing supply to six more in response to the bloc’s sanctions over the war in Ukraine.
E.U. In order to avoid the worst, they have been seeking gas imports from other countries like Nigeria. TIME has been told by analysts that the EU will have to invest in green energy and reduce demand to ensure European energy security.
From where does Europe obtain its gas?
E.U. imports a huge amount of its natural gas—around 40% prior to the war in Ukraine—from Russia because it’s both cheap and convenient, with the Nord Stream 1 pipeline carrying the majority of it. Germany alone accounted for around 20% of Russia’s total gas exports in 2020—but Germany also distributes Russian gas to other European countries.
With the Nord Stream 2 parallel pipeline, an expansion of the import route was planned. Although construction was completed in September, Germany shelved the project in February in response to Russia’s aggression in Ukraine.
Europe’s dependency on Russian gas was no accident, explains Raphael Hanoteaux, senior policy adviser at climate change think tank E3G. This was done as part of an extensive, decades-long effort to link the two countries. “Germany’s theory was that by increasing dependency on Russia, they would be trading with them more,” Hanoteaux says. “And if Germany and Russia were co-dependent, it would be less likely that they’d become adversaries.”
John Lough is an associate fellow of Chatham House’s London-based thinktank Chatham House. For some time this theory appeared to be working. “Even [during the Cold War] after the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan and through to the nuclear weapons crisis in the early 1980s, the gas flowed, because the Soviet Union needed hard currency, and Europe wanted Soviet gas.” Germany continued to back the construction of the Nord Stream 2 pipeline in 2015, even after Russia’s annexation of Ukraine’s Crimea region in 2014.
But the war in Ukraine exposed the flaws in Germany’s high-risk strategy, says Lough, as Russia is leveraging its control over gas exports to increase pressure on European leaders. “That was a gamble that [Germany] took—we’re now seeing that it hasn’t paid off.”
Learn more Putin still holds the cards when it comes to global energy
How Europe prepares for the Russian gas disruption
Russia currently supplies around 15% of Europe’s natural gas, well below pre-war levels. This decline in energy supplies has caused prices to skyrocket and contributed to economic anxiety and a crisis of living standards across Europe. Moscow’s latest announcement has only stoked those concerns.
“Russia is blackmailing us. Russia is using energy as a weapon,” said European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, ahead of Moscow’s announcement. “Therefore, in any event, whether it’s a partial, major cut-off of Russian gas or a total cut-off of Russian gas, Europe needs to be ready.”
E.U. The E.U. has previously pledged to reduce Russia’s gas imports by two-thirds in a year and seeks to diversify its supply with countries like Israel, Egypt, and Azerbaijan. Human rights groups have criticized the E.U.’s approach, arguing that repressive regimes in countries like Azerbaijan will use the deals to evade accountability for rights violations.
And after months of intermittent reductions in gas flows to Europe, storage facilities in Germany are at about 65% capacity, well short of the government’s 90% target.
How Europe intends to handle it
Massimo Di Odoardo (Vice President of Global Gas Research at Wood Mackenzie), says that Europe will be able to store more than 80% of its gas reserves by the start of winter if it combines additional supply and reduced demand. By Wood Mackenzie’s accounts, Europe-wide demand for gas is currently down by a fifth compared to the same period last year.
E.U. Although countries might be able avoid formal rationing, Di Odoardo says that continued rises in energy costs will encourage a natural decrease in consumption. Wood Mackenzie’s analysis found that European demand for gas was down by 10-11% in the first six months of the year compared to last year.
And it’s not just consumers who will have to reduce consumption. In Germany, industry accounts for about a third of the country’s gas use. Businesses in energy-intensive fields, such as metals and chemicals, warn of the knock-on effects to the economy.
The risk remains that Moscow will continue to “turn the screw” on European governments, especially if things don’t go in Russia’s favor in Ukraine, says Chatham House’s Lough. According to the Commission, an EU-wide winter cut could negatively impact member states’ economies and reduce GDP growth by as much as 1.5%. It could lead to countries falling into recession, according to the International Monetary Fund. Even worse, bad weather can make matters even more difficult.
Learn more Here’s How to Solve the World’s Russian Oil Problem
According to Di Odoardo however, Russia will continue to receive European payments as long as it continues to enjoy them. “Russia has been living in the best of both worlds—successfully reducing flows and putting pressure on Europe, while increasing prices and getting high revenues.”
Centre For Research on Energy and Clean Air’s June report found Russia had earned $97Billion in oil and gas exports revenue in the 100-day period of war in Ukraine. Most of that revenue was from the E.U. countries. The figure exceeds the estimated costs of Russia’s war in Ukraine, the report added.
In the long term, however, analysts say that Moscow’s manipulation of gas prices and supply will only accelerate Europe’s move away from Russian energy. Beyond the E.U.’s plans to reduce Russian gas imports by two-thirds within a year, the bloc has released a strategy to halt Russian oil imports via sea by the end of 2022.
In the end, this shift will also include renewed focus on renewable energy. “It’s never been cheaper and it’s never made more sense to actually invest in [green energy],” says E3G’s Hanoteaux. While countries like Germany are forced to meet their short-term climate targets by using coal and other fossil fuels for the moment, the importance of reducing demand can help to establish sustainable consumption habits for the future. “It’s not just a climate issue, but it’s also a security issue,” he says.
Read More From Time
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Progress to Success with the Learning Radar
Update: The USMLE® Step 1 exam switches to a Pass/Fail exam as of January 26, 2022. This means you are no longer dependent on the previous three-digit score. You can learn more about how to study for the new Step 1 exam with Dr. Ryan Colaço here. Read the official USMLE announcement here.
Students dedicate so much time and energy toward the USMLE Step 1 exam. Because of its breadth and scope, studying for it requires tons of reading, reviewing and recalling. And while the goal is to score high, it’s also to master the Basic Sciences in order to establish a foundation of knowledge that can be further built and drawn upon later on.
With that said, it’s important to catch and correct mistakes as you go. But zeroing in on what you’ve missed can be a challenge, especially when there’s so much material to go through.
Don’t start again from the top with your studies. Instead, AMBOSS is there to help you quickly self-correct, and it doesn’t get more specific—or effective—than the Learning Radar.
How the Learning Radar Works:
As you put your knowledge to the test and go through sessions in the Qbank, AMBOSS tracks which questions you got right or wrong. While the full results of your progress tracking can be viewed in your Personal Analysis, they can also be traced throughout Knowledge Library’s Articles. You can see that by enabling the Learning Radar so that key knowledge points you missed in your sessions will be featured in red in each card’s text.
Here’s an example: let’s say you were wrong on a question about Glyburide. When you open up the Article covering the topic, Antidiabetic drugs, and turn on the Learning Radar, you’ll see that specific knowledge point relating to the right answer appear in red.
For as long as the feature stays enabled, that same information will remain red in the card until you revisit that particular concept in the Qbank session. If you get that question right, the text will go back to black.
The more questions you go through, the more precise the Learning Radar gets, providing you with a much more efficient approach to studying. It’s immediate feedback on what you should focus on more, allowing you to hone in on gaps and close them—all without having to go through the entire topic over again.
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Simply a global object that act as undefined.
Print the current filename and line.
import there import there as here print(here) print('and') print(there)
Then python where.py will print:
where.py:4 and where.py:6
That’s it (for now), non more, no less. I have plan – the usually never get realised – to also have a there.indent that return the indentation of the current line.
Returns the line where the __str__, or __repr__ of there is computed. Usually by print. So it might be wrong. If you want to be sure (like when using log) wrap it in str()
Runs only on CPython likely. But anyway don’t run it in production.
Hashes for there-0.0.2-py2.py3-none-any.whl
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As I was reading An Xiao Mina’s recent (and excellent) piece for Nieman Lab, and it reminded me that I had not yet written here about why I’ve increasingly been talking about reputation as a core part of online digital literacy. Trust, yes, consensus, yes. But I keep coming back to this idea of reputation.
Why? Well, the short answer is Gloria Origgi. Her book, Reputation, is too techno-optimist in parts, but is still easily the most influential book I’ve read in the past year. Core to Origgi’s work is the idea that reputation is both a social relation and a social heuristic, and these two aspects of reputation have a dynamic relationship. I have a reputation, which is the trace of past events and current relationships in a social system. But that reputation isn’t really separate from the techniques others use to decode and utilize my reputation for decision-making.
This relationship is synergistic. As an example, reputation is subject to the Matthew Effect, where a person who is initially perceived as smart can gain additional reputation for brilliance at a fraction of the cost of someone initially perceived as mediocre. This is because quick assessments of intelligence will have to weight past assessments of others — as a person expands their social circle initial judgments are often carried forward, even if those initial judgments are flawed.
Reputation as a social heuristic maps well onto our methods of course — both Origgi and the Digital Polarization initiative look to models from Simon and Gigerenzer for inspiration. But it also suggests a theory of change.
Compare the idea of “trust” to that of “reputation”. Trust is an end result. You want to measure it. You want to look for and address the things that are reducing trust. And, as I’ve argued, media literacy programs should be assessing shifts in trust, seeing if students move out of “trust compression” (where everything is moderately untrustworthy) to a place where they make bigger and more accurate distinctions.
But trust is not what is read, and when we look at low-trust populations it can often seem like there is not much for media literacy to do. People don’t trust others because they’ve been wronged. Etc. What exactly does that have to do with literacy?
But that’s not the whole story, obviously. In between past experience, tribalism, culture, and the maintenance of trust is a process of reading reputation and making use of it. And what we find is that, time and time again, bad heuristics accelerate and amplify bad underlying issues.
I’ve used the example of PewDiepie and his inadvertent promotion of a Nazi-friendly site as an example of this before. PewDiepie certainly has issues, and seems to share a cultural space that has more in common with /pol/ than #resist. But one imagines that he did not want to risk millions of dollars to promote a random analysis of Death Note by a person posting Hitler speeches. And yet, through an error in reading reputation, he did. Just as the Matthew Effect compounds initial errors in judgment when heuristics are injudiciously applied, errors in applying reputation heuristics tend to make bad situations worse — his judgment about an alt-right YouTuber flows to his followers who then attach some of PewDiepie’s reputation to the ideas presented therein — based, mostly, on his mistake.
I could write all day on this, but maybe one more example. There’s an old heuristic about the reputation of positions on issues — “in matters indifferent, side with the majority.” This can be modified in a number of ways — you might want to side with the qualified majority when it comes to treating your prostate cancer. You might side with the majority of people who share your values on an issue around justice. You might side with a majority of people like you on an issue that has some personal aspects — say, what laptop to get or job to take. Or you might choose a hybrid approach — if you are a woman considering a mastectomy you might do well to consider what the majority of qualified women say about the necessity of the procedure.
The problem, however, from a heuristic standpoint, is that it is far easier to signal (and read the signal) of attributes like values or culture or identity than it is to read qualifications — and one underremarked aspect of polarization is that — relative to other signals — partisan identity has become far easier to read than it was 20 years ago, and expertise has become more difficult in some ways.
One reaction to this is to say — well people have become more partisan. And that’s true! But a compounding factor is that as reputational signals around partisan identity have become more salient and reputational signals around expertise have become more muddled (by astroturfing, CNN punditocracy, etc) people have gravitated to weighting the salient signals more heavily. Stuff that is easier to read is quicker to use. And so you have something like the Matthew Effect — people become more partisan, which makes those signals more salient, which pushes more people to use those signals, which makes people more partisan about an expanding array of issues. What’s the Republican position on cat litter? In 2019, we’ll probably find out. And so on.
If you want to break that cycle, you need to make expertise more salient relative to partisan signals, and show people techniques to read expertise as quickly as partisan identity. Better heuristics and an information environment that empowers quick assessment of things like expertise and agenda can help people to build better, fuller, and more self aware models of reputation, and this, in turn, can have meaningful impact on the underlying issues.
Well, this has not turned into the short post I had hoped, and to do it right I’d probably want to talk ten more pages. But one New Year’s resolution was to publish more WordPress drafts, so here you go. 🙂
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Open Saturdays, Noon -4pm
We're back, this time with the final installment of Bill Ranauro's architectural tour of Walpole and a Memorial Day reflection from Walpole Historical Society member Andrew Wilking. Please keep your thoughts coming by replying to this email.
Howland-Schofield House (1844)
When Aaron Howland moved from his house on the common, it was to move his family into the new house he was building on Elm Street around the corner. The Howland-Schofield house, as it came to be known, gave a hint of the stylistic changes that were in the wind by the 1840s. Walpole has wonderful examples of houses employing architectural details inspired by the Georgian, Federal, and the Greek Revival styles. In all cases, the architectural handbooks of Asher Benjamin were an important presence in the use of details for these styles.
The Howland-Schofield house (1844) would continue to employ details associated with the Greek Revival, but also introduced features of the newest style to be seen in America, the Gothic Revival. Many considered the Gothic to be a style employed strictly for ecclesiastical structures, but it was soon to be seen on domestic architecture, often in combination with classical details.
Mrs. Lucille Bragg offered testimony as to the reputation of Aaron Howland as a builder almost a century after construction of the house. Upon taking over the property in 1941, Mrs. Bragg said “The fact that the house was built by Aaron Howland for his own family undoubtedly accounted for its superior construction.” Mrs. Bragg was probably referring to the extra thick cellar and exterior walls, which are of brick covered with clapboards. The Greek Revival is represented by the Corinthian order columns of the east and west porticoes, with capitals of the type illustrated in a plate from Benjamin’s American Builder’s Companion, while the Gothic is represented by the pointed-arch louvered tops of the windows and dormers.
There are three dormers on both the east and west side of the steep, slate- covered gable roof. The steepness of the roof line is yet another nod toward the Gothic, since Greek roof lines possess a shallower pitch.
Today the Howland-Schofield house functions as the offices and studio of Florentine Films, the company so well known for its documentary film making under the leadership of founder Ken Burns. The building itself is yet one more example of a transitional, or eclectic- style building in Walpole.
-- Bill Ranauro
This is the eighth in a series of profiles of significant architecture in Walpole. Many of the buildings described in this series can be found in Frontier Elegance: The Early Architecture of Walpole, New Hampshire 1750 – 1850 by Bill Ranauro.
Memorial Day Reflection - Revolutionary War Names
George Washington. Thomas Jefferson. Benjamin Franklin. James Madison. Alexander Hamilton. Samuel Adams. John Adams. Paul Revere.
We learned these names in school, or through reading, and they are part of our memory. These names also belong to a history independent of ourselves. These forenames and surnames are familiar to us because they are common today. Whether they belong to members of our family, to friends, or to strangers, we hear them or see them almost daily. So, these names belong to our past, and specifically to a time when our country came into being, and they are revered. We think of the people with these names as members, with others, of a special group, our Founding Fathers.
But, there were those living at the birth of our nation who were also Founding Fathers but whose names do not exist in our memory, or in history, nor are they heard or seen today. They are nearly forgotten. But not entirely.
These are the names of residents of Walpole. They are inscribed in stone and stand vigil on our town common. They all fought, and some died, in our Revolutionary War, and almost certainly had families. So, they, too, were Founding Fathers.
These names not only belonged to these Founding Fathers but were as familiar to them as George, Thomas, Benjamin, etc. are to us. They all appear in the one book found in almost every home of that time.
Hezekiah - a king of Judah
Elijah, or Elias In Latin - a prophet during the reign of Arab
Pelatiah - a son of Hananiah, appearing in the first Book of Chronicles
Lemuel - a king and prophet mentioned in the Book of Proverbs
Ephraim - one of the tribes of Israel
Zadock - the High Priest of Israel during the reigns of David and Solomon; included in Handel’s Coronation Anthem
These names, and their origin, give us a glimpse of a different Walpole and a part of the core of its people.
- Andrew Wilking
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Woman with Salad is a work for a single female performer or a group of female performers who each concurrently enact a single gesture, repeated continuously for an hour. These gestures derive from images and animated GIFs found in online commercial stock footage libraries that depict women engaged in actions such as laughing while holding food, looking into a mirror, brushing their hair or drinking a glass of wine. These commercially produced images, designed to be purchased and dispersed throughout the wider broadcast media, depict stereotypically female actions, while being aimed at the current advertising industry also echo the manual and domestic tasks that women perform in historical painting. The performers become Live GIFs.
Woman with Salad can be performed by one woman or up to twelve women, one for each GIF.
All GIFs must be performed by adult women (over 18 years old and inclusive of anyone who identifies as a womxn). Performers should be able to perform the requirements for their GIF, they should be local to the gallery, of any adult age, any ethnicity, any size or shape. Performers should be representative of the local population’s diversity. The work will grow with each iteration and remain contemporary by talking of the time, place, demographic of the area etc.
Performers remain focused on their task and do not respond to the audience. Performers repeated actions will inevitably alter throughout the performance because women are not GIFs so cannot perform perfect repetition. See info on each GIF including individual routine, attitude, outfit, hairstyle, make-up etc. Performers can take breaks anytime they like but must remain inside the gallery/exhibition space and where possible not break at the same time as other performers in their immediate vicinity to ensure the performance continues. Performers finish their GIF cycle and place any props on the floor before their break. On returning they pick up and start repeating their GIF again.
Relationship with the Museum/Collection/The context for performance/How it is organised in gallery
Woman With Salad requires at least one female performer plus the finances to pay each performer as generously as possible (at least contemporary minimum/living wage). Woman with Salad can be performed with a minimum of five GIFs of a possible twelve (amount correct as of 2022). There are no particular requirements for the space. Woman with Salad should be experienced as something happening in the gallery that the audience can explore freely without set start and finish times. The performance can be presented within an existing collection or as part of a group exhibition, or exhibited alone as the only artwork in the space. Woman with Salad can also happen as part of special events outside gallery opening times.
Gallery staff must ensure performers are safe and comfortable. Audiences are allowed to take photos or short videos and this should be policed by staff. Performers must be protected from any physical contact, extended interaction or harassment. Performers should be aware of the gallery’s policy on photography and have a contingency plan to ensure good health and safety.
The duration of the performance is the length of gallery opening times. Performers cannot work more than the country’s recommended hours per day and should avoid working more than two consecutive days because repeating the same actions can be very strenuous and unhealthy. Performers should have time before their performance to do warm-up exercises and should have access to water and food to stay hydrated and energised.
How performance starts and ends
Props are positioned on the floor of the GIF sites. The performers walk to their props, pick them up, adopt their starting position and begin their routines. When taking a break performers put down their props on the floor/table/chair and take a break. They should stay inside or just outside the gallery and break for a predetermined amount of time. They can access private spaces within the gallery or use public areas of the gallery and remain “on view”. The gallery should decide how it will tell performers that the performance is ending. Examples include: an invigilator subtly touches each performer then ten seconds later the performer stops; an alarm sounds or an announcement is made, ten seconds after which performers stop; performers have phones in their pockets which vibrate at the end time. At the end of the performance performers put their props down on the floor/table/chair and leave the exhibition space as themselves.
For one-woman performances, she starts as Woman with Salad, performing the routine three times and then cycles through the other GIFs, repeating each routine three times before moving to the next GIF.
Performers should be inside and perhaps just outside the gallery, either spread around the space seen amongst other works or concentrated in one area. If all GIFs are in one space, there should be enough space for the audience to move between the performers. There are some particular position requirements for Woman Pouring Water on her face, Woman Drinking Wine and Smoking, Woman Reading Virginia Woolf and Woman Waiting. See full description and requirements for each GIF below.
For one-woman performances, the GIF props should be concentrated in one area, so the audience can see her move from one task to the next in a relentless cycle.
There are no particular requirements for lighting or acoustics or type of exhibition space.
The performance space requires access to boiling water, backstage set up space, secure place to store performers belongings, private place for performers to get changed, access to refreshments and toilets.
How to recruit and rehearse with performers
Performers should be recruited locally to the exhibition location. Interview times and days should be varied and advertised widely to be accessible to a diverse group of applicants.
Interview for each GIF, unless showing the one-woman version. At interview discuss the concept of the performance, relevant historical/organisational context and the practicalities of this iteration of Woman with Salad. Check the applicant’s ability to perform the actions. Performers should sign contracts detailing the nature of their employment, their GIF type, rehearsal/performance times and amount of money earnt.
Rehearsal with selected performers
- Allow time for performers to meet as a group (if working with a group)
- Provide refreshments
- Explain how to find exits/refreshment area/toilets
- Share my descriptions and images of each GIF with relevant performers
- Discuss and demonstrate each GIF routine for all performers
- Allow individuals to rehearse their routines
- Plan positions in exhibition space
- Practice performance as a whole in the exhibition space including how each performer leaves and joins the performance (for breaks) and how the performance starts and ends
- Discuss each performers outfit, hair style and make up
With every showing of Woman with Salad the exhibiting organisation must:
- Take photos of each performer in every position of her routine
- Record a copy of performer’s contracts
- Share and record performers’ responses to this feedback form (…) following their performances
- Send a copy of this documentation to the artist.
Documentation cannot be exhibited in lue of a performance. Documentation will provide more information for the next staging of the work. Woman with Salad will be changed over time and with every rendition, as each individual performer, each group of performers and every audience will bring a different atmosphere. External global events, developments in feminism and gender politics and individuals internal moods will define the work and speak of that moment. As stock imagery and our relation to and awareness of it changes, Woman with Salad will be understood differently.
Public documentation (where we have control such as on a gallery’s website) of Woman with Salad should be in the form of still images or GIFs rather than video. Exhibiting organisations can determine if audiences are allowed to take videos of the performance ensuring the performers are aware of the rules and are protected by gallery staff.
Conditions of sale
Price £8,500 + vat
Woman with Salad is a performance sold as individual GIFs. One can acquire and exhibit a minimum of five GIFs. The GIF Woman with Salad is always one of the GIFs purchased.
The acquiring organisation has to commit to showing Woman with Salad at least once every five years. Documentation cannot be exhibited in lue of a performance.
Woman with Salad must be performed at least once during exhibition period. Props can be left unactivated on display for one day following a performance. Props should never be displayed alone without performance activation. They do not have value in and of themselves as art objects, but rather only when seen before and after a performance and accompanied by an exhibition text. I am interested in live objects as remnants of the performance: the tea gets cold and stews, the spilt water puddle dries up, the salad leaves wilt, the avocado browns, the apple peels decay and smell sweet, the lipstick marks the wine glass, the chewing gum hardens…
After a day of display following a performance the props should be cleared away and gallery restored to how it was: chewing gum stains/footprints painted over; floor dried and cleaned.
If part of a group exhibition where Woman with Salad is shown only once, following the performance and day of prop display, there is no presence of Woman with Salad, other than writing record of the work in exhibition text.
Images of Woman with Salad can be shown on organisation’s website/social media. Documentation (following guidelines above) must be archived by acquiring organisation and shared with artist. Woman with Salad GIFs are not limited to editions and the artist may make more GIFs in the future as this is a growing production.
Conditions of reselling
Woman with Salad can be resold with the same conditions outlined in this document. Artist requirements regarding the process, exhibition and documentation of the work must be adhered to by all future owners of Woman with Salad.
Woman with Salad develops as it is recreated, and this distribution of the work over time and place adds to its meaning. Recreating the performance enhances the work’s idea of imperfect repetition, the ridiculousness of women as GIFs and the ridiculousness of women as interchangeable/universal: whoever Woman with Salad is, in the performance she is only Woman with Salad. The work will continue to speak of its time and meaning will adapt to the changing context.
Information for Individual GIFs
Woman With Salad
Woman With Salad wears contemporary yoga style clothes, for example leggings and a plain t-shirt (without logos or patterns) and trainers. She holds a bowl of salad (only leaves) in her left hand and a fork in right hand.
The GIF begins: She looks amazed at the bowl (her mouth in an open smile, her eyebrows high), and stabs some salad with her fork. She holds her fork hand up in front of her, her eyes following the fork from the bowl. She looks at the leaves on her fork and laughs, throwing her head back and dropping the wrist that holds the fork. The laughter ends and she starts the routine again. She repeats these actions.
Salad gets flung around as the performance goes on. If she runs out of leaves because they have all fallen on the floor, she continues the gestures for the allotted time with an empty fork and bowl.
The bowl can be replenished with leaves outside performance times, or for whole day performances the performer should refill the bowl during a break. In this situation when taking a break she takes the bowl with her, leaving the fork on the floor, and adds more leaves to the bowl while backstage/out of audience sight. She returns to the performance carrying a bowl of salad. These “edges of the performance” are important. Her breaks are partly visible, her journey across the gallery holding salad is part of it.
Woman Pouring Water
(There are two versions of Woman Pouring Water…)
Woman Pouring Water in Glass
Woman Pouring Water in Glass wears jeans and a white t-shirt. She holds a glass jug/bottle of water in one hand and a small tumbler glass in the other hand. She pours water from the jug to the glass, slowly and moving the jug up then down so the water falls from some height, watching what she is doing and smiling. She then takes a sip of water from the glass, breathes out audibly and closes her eye briefly. She then pours the glass water back into the jug. She repeats these actions.
If the water runs out she continues the gestures. For whole day performances the performer should refill the jug during a break. In this situation when taking a break she takes the jug with her, leaving the glass on the floor, and adds more water to the jug while backstage/out of audience sight. She returns to the performance carrying a jug of water. These “edges of the performance” are important. Her breaks are partly visible, her journey across the gallery holding a jug of water is part of the work.
Woman Pouring Water on her Face
Woman Pouring Water on Her Face wears a white top and sports trousers or shorts and trainers. She stands outside or inside the gallery confidently on both feet. She holds a bottle of water in one hand, takes it slowly to her lips, drinks a sip, then holds it out in front of her admiring the water. She then lifts the bottle up, closes her eyes and tips the bottle until she pours water over her face. She receives the water with closed eyes and a relaxed sigh of pleasure. When taking a break she leaves the open water bottle on the floor next to the water puddle created by the performance. The performer could change her t-shirt during breaks if she is cold, but the performance should always start with a dry
Woman Gardening stands outside in a garden/by plants holding a traditional shaped watering can with both hands. She smiles facing forwards then turns her head to look at the watering can and lunges forward to pour water over the flowers/plants/garden. She chuckles while looking at the patch she’s watered, then straightens, turns her head and smiles again. She repeats these actions. If the watering can empties, she continues the gestures. It can be refilled between performances. The garden will flood slightly as she continues to water the same area. For whole day performances the performer should refill the watering can during a break. In this situation when taking a break she takes the watering can with her and refills it while backstage/out of audience sight. She returns to the performance carrying the watering can outside. These “edges of the performance” are important. Her breaks are partly visible, her journey across the gallery holding the watering can is part of the work.
Woman With Avocado
Woman With Avocado wears a green or white t-shirt and black leggings. She sits on the floor cross legged and holds the halved avocado together with two hands in prayer position. She then lifts her hands up, parts the halves and slowly places the backs of her hands on her knees. She closes her eyes for a couple of seconds and breathes audibly. Her movements are slow and calm. She then positions one avocado half over her eye and smiles, her other hand still on her knee. She then holds one half next to her face tilting her head towards it and the other hand holds the other half over her heart. She smiles and repeats these actions. When taking a break Woman with Avocado leaves the two avocado halves on the floor next to each other. A new avocado is given for every new performance. For whole day performances the avocado can go brown but each day should start with a fresh avocado.
Woman Drinking Wine and Smoking
Woman Drinking Wine and Smoking wears a black dress and red lipstick. She is positioned outside the gallery by an entrance/exit, or if the gallery does not have a threshold to outside, she leans on a wall/pillar (somewhere where people pass her) and uses an e-cigarette. She leans on something, a door frame or wall, and has a sullen, arrogant attitude. She holds a glass of wine (or white/red wine coloured drink) in one hand and a cigarette in the other. She takes a drag of the cigarette, holding it between fore and middle fingers, then slowly takes the fag to her side with an exaggerated extended arm. She then turns her head to look over her wine-glass-side shoulder and tuts while shrugging her shoulder as if someone knocked into her. She slowly lifts the glass to her lips and takes a sip of wine. She repeats these actions. For whole day performances the performer should refill the glass of wine during a break. In this situation when taking a break she takes the glass with her and refills it while backstage/out of audience sight. She returns to the performance carrying the full glass.
Woman With Mirror
Woman With Mirror wears a white top and plain trousers/skirt. She holds a small mirror with one hand. She holds the mirror in front of her, approximately 30 centimetres from her face. She leans in to the mirror, reveals her teeth, then wipes her tongue along her front teeth (exaggerating sound of tongue over gum). She then turns ninety degrees quickly as if to pose for a photo, her hand on her waist, mirror hand hanging by her side, leaning into the hand on waist and smiling brightly showing her teeth. She repeats these actions. When taking a break, she leaves the mirror on the floor.
Woman Reading by Window
Woman Reading by Window wears jeans/casual trousers and a plain t-shirt. She sits on a chair by a window or balcony. She looks out the window/over the balcony with her legs crossed, arms folded, one hand holding the book, thumb keeping the page. She then uncrosses her legs and leans forward positioning her elbows on her knees, now holding the book with both hands. She studies the book following a sentence with her eyes, then slowly sits back in her chair, dropping her hands in her lap, still holding the book with both hands. She turns her head to the window taking in a deep breath and sighs in a melancholic, satisfied way. She then holds the book with one hand, folds her arms and crosses her legs. She repeats these actions.
Woman Brushing Her Hair
Woman Brushing Her Hair wears jeans and a plain t-shirt. She holds a pained, awkward smile throughout. She brushes her knotted hair slowly, taking one long stroke from the top of her head through the whole length of hair. As the brush reaches the end of her hair, she pulls harder to get through a final knot and lets out a pained laugh, as if uncontrollably interrupting the should-be-sexy hair brushing. She should be positioned in the middle of the room so the audience can walk right round her. This performer needs to have long brushable hair. During breaks the hairbrush is left on the floor. The brush should be cleaned of hairs as infrequently as possible so hairbrush appears visibly used, yet is still useable.
Woman Holding Shopping
Woman Holding Shopping wears a coloured skirt and a tucked-in plain t-shirt. She stands impatiently holding two brown paper bags of grocery shopping, one in each hand. Her facial expression is frustrated concern, her eyes move as if looking for someone in the distance. She bounces the bags slightly as if she’s comforting two babies or impatiently waiting and cannot hold still. She groans an audible tired moan and puts the bags down at her sides. She searches in one bag and takes a box of eggs out the bag. She opens the egg box lid to check they are not broken, then closes the lid, puts them back in the bag and picks up the bags again. She repeats these actions. She leaves bags side by side on the floor during breaks and at end of performance.
Woman Waiting wears jeans and a plain t-shirt. She leans against a wall, one foot on the wall and is chewing gum and wearing a watch. She casually looks down at her left wrist, hanging by her left side, turning it to reveal the watchface and check the time. She then puts her foot on the floor, stops leaning on the wall and looks from side to side. She then leans back on the wall and plays candy crush on her phone. She repeats these actions. Following the performance and before taking breaks the performer takes the chewing gum out of her mouth and sticks it to the wall by her foot print. She leaves the phone on the floor displaying candy crush game.
Woman Peeling Apples
Woman Peeling Apples wears a cream-coloured apron over jeans and a plain t-shirt. She sits at a wooden table, in front of her a pile of red apples in a white IKEA bowl and an empty transparent bowl. She holds one apple in her left hand and a wooden handled peeler in her right hand. She peels three strikes of the apple into the empty bowl looking at the apple with a closed mouth smile. She then turns her head to look at the pile of apples and drops the peeler and puts her head in her hand, elbow on the table and makes a disheartened moaning sound. She repeats these actions. She peels the same apple for the duration of performance and pretends to keep peeling the core if it gets used up. She takes another apple at the start of a new performance. The bowl of apples should be replenished outside of performance times. She leaves the peeler on the table and apron on the back of the chair during breaks. On returning she puts the apron on, sits down then begins the routine.
Woman Pouring Tea
Woman Pouring Tea wears a plain dark dress and comfortable low heeled shoes. She offers tea like a static waitress. She stands holding a cup and saucer in one hand and a teapot full of tea in the other hand. She pours the tea into the teacup holding a smile and watching the stream of liquid as she pours from a height. She then pauses holding the full teacup (on saucer) and teapot in front of her. She straightens her teacup-holding arm, raises her eyebrows and says “tea?” in a high pitched voice holding an open smile after the “ee” sound. She repeats this. When taking a break and ending the performance she places the teacup on saucer and teapot on the floor, in or next to the puddle. Pour half a cup of tea at first and then let the cup overflow into the saucer and onto the floor. When the teapot is empty keep the same actions. Performer can refill the teapot with water (not hot water) on her way back from a break, if doing this she should leave the teacup on the floor and take the teapot with her. The journey across the gallery with a teapot is part of the performance. Woman Pouring Tea can be positioned anywhere inside the gallery with awareness that the spilt tea will create a trip hazard.
Woman Taking Selfies
Woman Taking Selfies wears a casual outfit with a plain coloured t-shirt/jumper. Standing up, she takes her phone from her back pocket (if she doesn’t have pockets, she just holds her phone, arms at her sides) and selects the camera with the forefinger of her other hand. She holds her arm out in front of her, above her eyeline and looks up at the camera. Maintaining eye contact with herself in the phone camera, she tilts her head to the right, pouts her lips and takes three photos, moving the camera ever so slightly between each shot. She tilts her head to the left, pouts and takes three photos, again from slightly different angles. She lowers her arm and scrolls through the selfies, holding the phone with one hand and swiping with the forefinger of the other hand. She locks her phone and puts it back in her pocket or by her side. The GIF repeats. At the end of the performance, she ends the routine and leaves the area with the phone in her pocket or hand.
Woman Taking Selfies can be positioned anywhere in or outside the gallery, however her background should be considered. For example, a domestic plant in the background or positioned in the bathroom!
All props should be sourced locally for each exhibition of the work. They should speak of the time by being common affordable everyday objects for the time and place of exhibition
- Water bottle (more sporty/practical then trendy)
- Small bowl for salad
- Small bowl for apple peels
- Large bowl for apples
- Wooden-handled potato peeler
- Wooden chopping board
- Brown paper bags
- Wrist watch
- Tea cup and saucer
- Small teapot
- Pack of cigarettes
- Wine glass
- Plain apron
- Hair brush
- Watering can
- Hand mirror
- Virginia Woolf A Room of One’s Own book
- Small wooden table
- Wooden stool
- Performer outfits (performers should wear their own clothes based on descriptions given on each GIF. If they need help sourcing certain items of clothing, the exhibiting organisation should pay)
- Salad leaves
- Box of eggs
- Tea bags and water
- Wine/wine-coloured beverage
- Pack of chewing gum
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|Other - Enabling Process Innovation through Computation (EPIC) Seminar Series|
|Particulate Flow Across Multi-scales: Numerical Strategies for Momentum, Heat and Mass Transfer|
|Anthony Wachs, University of British Columbia|
|Patrick Taylor Hall 1502
November 20, 2015 - 03:30 pm
Particulate flows are ubiquitous in environmental, geophysical and engineering processes. The intricate dynamics of these two-phase flows is governed by the momentum transfer between the continuous fluid phase and the dispersed particulate phase. When significant temperature differences exist between the fluid and particles and/or chemical reactions take place at the fluid/particle interfaces, the phases also exchange heat and/or mass, respectively. While some multi-phase processes may be successfully modelled at the continuum scale through closure approximations, an increasing number of applications require resolution across scales, e.g. dense suspensions, fluidized beds. Within a multi- scale micro/meso/macro-framework, we develop robust numerical models at the micro and meso-scales, based on a Distributed Lagrange Multiplier/Fictitious Domain method and a two-way Euler/Lagrange method, respectively. Particles, assumed to be of finite size, potentially collide with each other and these collisions are modeled with a Discrete Element Method. We discuss the mathematical issues related to modeling this type of flows and present the main numerical and computational features of our simulation methods. We also illustrate what can be gained from massively parallel computations performed with our numerical code PeliGRIFF, in terms of physical insight into both fundamental questions and applications from the chemical engineering and process industry. Finally, we explain how knowledge gained at the micro scale can cascade upwards and contribute to the development of enhanced meso and macro-scale models.
Attend online at: HTTP://LSU.WEBEX.COM/MEET/NANDAKUMAR
Anthony Wachs received in BS & MS from the University Louis Pasteur of Strasbourg and his PhD from the Institut National Polytechnique of Grenoble in 2000. Right after, he was hired in 2001 as a Fluid Mechanics research engineer at IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN, at that time Institut Français du Pétrole) in Paris. In 2010, he moved to IFPEN-Lyon, get his HDR (French Habilitation to Supervise Research) and was later promoted Scientific Advisor in Multiphase Flows and Scientific Computing. From 2010 to 2015, he supervised a group of researchers (including PhD & post-doc students) on the numerical simulation of reactive particulate flows (www.peligriff.com). His main research interests are non-Newtonian Flows, Multiphase Flows and High Performance Computing. He recently moved to the University of British Columbia as a professor in both the CHBE and Math Departments.
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February 18, 1900: St. John the Baptist Church in Johnsburg burned. Thirty German Catholic farm families in Spring Grove thought it was time to have their own parish. Chicago Archbishop Feehan gave them permission to start a new parish if they could find a priest to take on the task. St. Peter’s Church of Spring Grove was born. Reverend Clement Duerr delayed his retirement to lead the new parish. A white wood frame church with stained glass windows and a German wood carved altar was dedicated on Candlemas Day, 1901.
First baptism: Christina Freund was baptized on February 4, 1901.
First marriage: Anthony Gaides married Frances Kinne on July 17, 1901.
First burial in parish cemetery: Raymond Hoff, an infant, was buried on May 5, 1901. These parish records are written in German.
- 1902: Rectory was finished.
- 1905: A brick addition was added to the back of the church for a school. Lay teachers taught the children for the first ten years.
- 1906: On Tuesday, Oct. 17 Archbishop Quigley of Chicago arrived by train to celebrate Confirmation and inspect the new parish. A confirmation class of 50 and the rest of the community including flag bearers and marching band greeted the Archbishop at the train station located on Blivin Street and escorted him to the church.
- 1908: Spring Grove and St. Peter Church becomes a part of the new Diocese of Rockford under the leadership of Bishop Muldoon.
- 1910: Father Duerr retired and Reverend William Dommermuth became pastor.
- 1915: Convent was finished and School Sisters of St. Francis of Milwaukee started to teach at the school.
- 1919: The parish Christian Mothers Society was established.
- 1926: Reverend Anthony Schunicht became pastor. During this time the church purchased the house just west of the church owned by Father Duerr and this house became the rectory.
- 1929: Reverend Ambrose Weitekamp became pastor.
- 1932: Reverend Charles Meehan became pastor.
- 1933: Reverend John Daleiden became pastor and led parish through the Great Depression and World War II.
- 1942: Annual report asked for prayers for safety of those in military: Arnold May, Merlyn Engels, Leo Lay, Robert Kilbride, George Waspi, Martin May, Clarence Karls, Edward Klein, Stanley Kattner, James Flanningan, Lawrence Gantner, Alfonso Gantner, Arthur Nimsgern and Lawrence Nimsgern. Margaret Zugg of Chicago, niece of Father Duerr, donated 10 acres of land north of the church for a school playground and baseball field. During the 40’s and 50’s. local baseball teams were very popular. Spring Grove had a team that competed with teams from Richmond, Johnsburg, McHenry and other surrounding towns. The field boasted having bleachers and lights!
- 1947: Marilyn May, daughter of George and Mary May, was the first vocation from St. Peter’s Church of Spring Grove. She entered the order of the School Sisters of St. Francis.
- April 1, 1948: ground was broken for an enlarged church and new school. Ben May moved the old school building to 1904 North Street to make room for the new building.
- 1949: The Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception joined the parish to teach in the new school.
- 1950: Eugene Jung was ordained as a member of the Missionaries of the Sacred Heart.
- 1952: Shrine to Our Lady of Fatima, which still attracts many people, was dedicated.
- 1956: Newly ordained Reverend Andrew Plesa was assigned as our first associate pastor.
- 1958: Reverend Alfred Kruk is assigned as associate pastor.
- 1959: Reverend Lawrence London is assigned as associate pastor.
- 1960: Father Daleiden is transferred and Reverend Edward Lehman was installed as pastor
and Reverend Thomas Monahan is assigned as associate pastor.
- 1962: Reverend Robert Hoffman is assigned as associate pastor.
- 1963: Reverend William Meyers is assigned as associate pastor.
- 1964: Mary Kay Amore, daughter of Robert and Mary Amore, took final vows as a Missionary Sister of the Immaculate Conception.
- 1965: Father Lehman was transferred and Reverend John Kilduff was installed as pastor.
- 1966: Father Meyers is transferred and the diocese no longer had enough priests to provide
associates. Reverend Eugene Lutz of Pistakee Bay served the parish on weekends for several years. After he was no longer able to help parishioners, the priests of the LaSalette Shrine, in Twin Lakes, assisted the parish until 2005.
- 1967: Michael Tierney, of the parish, was ordained.
- 1967: Missionary Sisters of the Immaculate Conception were no longer able to run our parish school. Unfortunately, it was closed in December after the parents were unable to keep it open with lay teachers. The CCD program for religious education was established.
- 1971: Brother Gale Tinney, OGM, of the parish, professed solemn vows.
- 1975: David Kagan, son of Dr. and Mrs. Kagan, was ordained to the priesthood.
- 1982: Parish Council was established.
- 1984: First Eucharistic ministers were appointed.
- 1985: After extensive renovations, the church was rededicated by Bishop Arthur O’Neill
on October 15, 1985.
- 1988: Father Kilduff retires and Reverend Andrew Plesa returns to St. Peter’s as pastor.
- 1990–2000: St. Vincent de Paul Society and Knights of Columbus are started. Church hall is
renovated and air conditioning is added. Old convent is converted to office and meeting spaces. Landscaping was done, trees planted and St. Peter’s rock was placed in the enlarged parking lot. Church cemetery was doubled in size; angel statue and columbarium were added.
- 1997: Under the leadership of Aimee Thomas and Diane Barycki, St. Peter Preschool is started.
- 2000: A yearlong celebration of the parish’s centennial included balls, dances, a trip to Rome,
concerts and an outdoor Mass with Bishop Doran and native priests, nuns and LaSalette priests in June. Following the Mass, Bishop Doran consecrated the new cemetery area and blessed the
centennial time capsule.
- 2001: Father Plesa retired and Reverend Steven St. Jules is appointed pastor.
- 2003: Father Steven St. Jules is transferred and Reverend Steven Lange is appointed parochial administrator.
- 2004: Father Steven Lange is appointed pastor.
- 2009: Father Lange is transferred and Monsignor Joseph F. Jarmoluk is welcomed as our new pastor on July 1, 2009 - Present.
|
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This chapter contains the topic:
From Human Resources (G08), choose Employee Information
From Employee Information (G08E1), choose Termination/Rehire
In some cases, you might need to rehire an employee that previously worked for your organization. For example, a ski resort might terminate all seasonal employees at the end of each ski season and rehire those employees at the beginning of the following season.
When you rehire an employee, you can:
Attach the employee's record to a requisition
Update employee information
Update position budget information
Locate the employee.
Complete the following fields:
Change the following fields from an alphabetic to a numeric code:
Delete the information in the following fields and press Enter:
Expected Recall Date
Move to Applicant Pool
The system displays History and Turnover Information ONLY.
The system displays Employee Assignment.
Requisition Number to be Filled
Filled Requisition Status
|Date Started||The date on which the employee actually reported to work for the most recent period of hire. When an employee initially begins working, the default is the original hire date. If no original hire date exists, the system uses the current date. This field can be updated multiple times if, for example, an employee is a seasonal worker.
For the calculation tables in Payroll and the eligibility tables and date codes in Human Resources, the system also uses this date as a start date when it calculates deductions, benefits, and accruals.
|Employment Status||A user defined code (07/ES) that identifies an employee's status within the company. You can change the default codes or set up new codes to meet the needs of your company. For example:
1 – Full-time temporary
2 – Part-time temporary
3 – Part-time regular
4 – Seasonal
5 – Casual
|Original Hire||The date on which the employee was originally hired by the company. If the employee was terminated and subsequently rehired, the new start date will be represented by data field Date Started (DST).|
|Effective Date||The date that the current status of a candidate requisition becomes active.
When you enter or change a position ID for an employee, the system updates the position status on the date that you enter in this field.
|Requisition No. to be Filled||The number that identifies the requisition. This number must be unique. The system automatically assigns a unique number if you leave this field blank when you enter the requisition.|
|Filled Requisition Status||The current activity level of a candidate that is attached to a requisition. The system retrieves these codes from user defined code table 08/CN.
You can group candidate requisition status codes based on the hard-coded Special Handling Code values in the table. These hard-coded values are:
CAN – Any candidate code
DET – Any code indicating that the position is detached or no longer filled
FIL – Any code indicating that the position has been filled
REJ – Rejected
TMP – Temporarily filled
Candidate requisition status codes that have special handling codes of either FIL or TMP update the Filled Headcount field. However, only those status codes that have special handling codes of FIL can cause the system to change the requisition status to "Filled and Closed."
|
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What's the world record for most weight lifted?
The greatest weight ever raised by a human being is 6,270 lbs. in a back lift (weight lifted off trestles) by 364- lb. Paul Anderson
Join Alexa Answers
Help make Alexa smarter and share your knowledge with the worldLEARN MORE
|
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How have we come to the end of Year 5 already? We have had an incredible final half term, although very busy! The children have amazed us with their progress in swimming, their behaviour at Brighton Hill for the taster day and their enthusiasm and excitement at Ufton Court too. Below is a selection of photographs from the day – we rowed a Viking longship and raided many different countries, we learned different Viking battle formations and channeled our inner warriors complete with face paint and also practised different Viking skills including wattling and spinning sheep wool, building and weaving fences and using flint to create sparks too.
This whole academic year has gone so quickly and we are all so proud of the children’s hard work, resilience, creativity and achievements this year. They are most definitely ready to begin their final year at St. Mark’s and we wish them all of the luck in the world as they head to Year 6.
The Year 5 Team – Mrs Poole, Mrs Stone, Miss Fowler and Miss Pettitt
|
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There was a mysterious alteration in this painting. This is a detail of the bottom (also no pun intended) right corner of a nude study by Frank Duveneck, taken while the painting was being cleaned. It was clear even before cleaning that the tacking margins, or folded-over edges of the canvas, have been flattened to be part of the painting’s front surface. The painting was on the smaller stretcher long enough for the paint to dry and form a crack at the fold line, pointed out here in red. Even the diagonal fold at the corner of the canvas is visible.
The painting was acquired by the museum in 1915, and documents suggest that this alteration occurred in the late 1930s. A look at the painting in ultraviolet light, shown here, also supports the idea that the artist finished painting while it was stretched over the smaller stretcher. That light blue green fluorescent material that is highly visible over the background of the painting is an artist-applied natural resin glaze. And it’s only applied to the surface up to the old fold line in the tacking margin. Duveneck may have started the painting on an unstretched canvas, but at some point he wrapped it around the small stretcher and continued painting. Though the nude is an unfinished study, the image on the tacking margins is in even less finished, but for now we’re going to leave it all visible.
The Cincinnati Art Museum is supported by the generosity of tens of thousands of contributors to the ArtsWave Community Campaign, the region's primary source for arts funding.
General operating support provided by:
|
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|
By Mark Lipman
Finally, at the eleventh hour, after two years of community disenfranchisement, the stakeholders of Venice will be given a public vote on one of the most divisive issues we’ve seen since the debate over annexation to Los Angeles. On Saturday, February 21, all are asked to turn out to vote on whether or not we as a community want to allow permit parking (also known as OPDs) in Venice. The vote will take place from 12:30 to 3:30 at the Venice Library. This will be our only chance to vote on the issue.
Opinions on this are as various as the Venetians who live here, so below are merely my two cents:
The entire structure of Overnight Parking Districts has been set up poorly from the beginning. They were suggested by downtown Los Angeles specifically as a way to evict RVs from Venice (and to fill the city coffers) and were merely rubber stamped by the Venice Neighborhood Council. They create more problems for our community and solve none, pitting one class of residents against another, while making all of us pay. While alternate suggestions to solve our local parking problems in a fairer, more balanced way, have gone ignored, these OPDs have been shoved down our throats.
Supporters of Initiative B now state that they have a “democratic right” to establish overnight parking, yet fail to recognize that they wanted to deny Venice the democratic right for a vote on the issue from the very beginning.
Quoting Reta Moser from her Triangle Update, “Can’t believe the City of Venice could go thru the petition process for each street, get the City to spend thousands of dollars for an engineering study for each district within Venice, have a public hearing, get a vote of City Council approval, and be at the point of getting Coastal Commission approval only to find out dissidents, who have appeared at every meeting, have a petition that can trigger a costly election. Something is wrong with the due process system.” Agreed. Due process would have started with a public vote, yet a handful of elitists feel that they have a right to create a domino effect on our public streets that will force all of us to pay for parking, while disenfranchising entire segments of our community.
Conversely, Initiative A restores our democratic process by giving us the vote that we should have had a long time ago.
Whatever your position on this issue, now you will have the chance to have your voice count – at the ballot box.
Vote on Saturday, February 21, 12:30 to 3:30 p.m., at the Venice Library, 520 Venice Blvd. and keep our Venice streets free.
YES on Initiative A – to overturn costly overnight parking permits in Venice. “To Fairly Represent Venice, the Venice Neighborhood Council (VNC) Must Rescind any VNC Board Approval of Overnight Parking Districts in Venice and Transmit a Letter Stating Such to the Los Angeles City Council Office, the Bureau of Engineering, the Department of Transportation, and the California Coastal Commission.”
NO on Initiative B – to keep our streets free from paid permit parking. “Venice Stakeholders re-affirm that Venice residents have the same democratic right as other L.A. residents to establish by 2/3rds petition signatures, OPDs for their blocks to preserve parking for residents and for night-time security, and call upon the VNC to communicate affirmation of this right to the pertinent governmental bodies.”
Points Opposing Overnight Parking Districts
1. There is no way to vote NO on permit parking on your block.
2. Anyone living west of Speedway cannot get a permit.
3. Creates a safety risk at night for those forced to park far from their homes (see point 2).
4. People on walk streets do not get a vote on their blocks.
5. Limits the amount of permits residents are able to obtain.
6. No exemption for handicapped.
7. Permit fees will increase every year.
8. Will create more parking problems, not less.
9. Another step towards the gentrification of Venice.
10. Discriminates against the poor by targeting those who are forced to live in vehicles.
11. Permits hours are from 2am to 6am, when there isn’t a parking problem.
12. Encourages drunk driving after bars close.
13. Visitor parking will be highly restricted.
14. There are other solutions to the existing problems that have not been considered.
15. It will become another multi-million dollar cash cow for L.A., out of our pockets.
Valid Credentials for Voting are:
A valid credential includes, but is not limited to one of the following: CA Drivers License or CA Residency Card (for an address within the VNC area); School ID Card (for a school with in the VNC boundaries); A business card (in combination with any of the following with a matching Venice address: Business license, business check, or pay stub); A recent utility bill (for an address within the VNC area); An imprinted check (including an address within the VNC area); Pay stub (from a business within the VNC area); Passport (only in combination with any other credential item); School report card (from a school with in the VNC boundaries); Property tax bill (address within the VNC area);
Other credentials: For Church/Religious Institution within the VNC area: Letter on church letterhead with contact information from Church/ Religious institution attesting to volunteer work; Nonprofit Organization within the VNC area: Letter on organization letterhead with contact information from organization attesting to stakeholder volunteer work; Senior Group within the VNC area: Letter on group letterhead with contact information from group attesting to stakeholder volunteer work; or Venice Beach Boardwalk Public Expression Permit.
|
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Data from Tech Nation has revealed that September 2020 saw the most UK tech visa applications since records began in 2014
August 2020 saw the third highest number of applications, according to Tech Nation data.
The UK Tech Nation visa, designated to Tech Nation by the Home Office, allows tech talent worldwide to work in the country’s digital technology sector, contributing expertise and innovation.
In the third quarter of 2020, visa applications rose by 42% from the previous quarter, and were up by 8% from Q3 2019.
Applicants to the scheme have predominantly come from India, Russia and the United States, with the most common backgrounds being artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing and software development.
What the Prime Minister’s ‘Lifetime Skills Guarantee’ means for UK tech
Prime Minister Boris Johnson has announced a ‘Lifetime Skills Guarantee’ in which adults without A-Levels will be offered a free course, but what does this mean for the UK tech sector? Read here
Stephen Kelly, chair of Tech Nation, said: “It is fantastic to see that demand for the Tech Nation Visa is growing, and that the UK continues to attract exceptional tech talent from all over the world.
“The data flies in the face of claims that remote working and Covid-19 will deter people coming to the UK to work. Quite the contrary; in an environment where talented entrepreneurs are facing potential obstacles in moving to the US, the UK is a natural home.
“Maintaining the ability to attract talent from abroad is critical for our economic recovery. 25% of those who receive a Tech Nation visa are founders. These individuals are setting up businesses across the UK, bringing capital and jobs that are fuelling our economic growth. In 2019, £10.1bn was invested into UK tech companies, which created 2.92m jobs.
“As countries like France, Germany and the Netherlands become more competitive tech ecosystems, it’s essential international entrepreneurs feel welcome. In addition to low administrative burdens, we need to continue to have support structures in place for a soft landing when talent arrives as well as favourable business environments. But finally, as we consider the long-term effects of Covid-19 and as borders collapse as we move to the cloud, the UK needs to carefully consider the future of the digital nomad.”
Tech Nation recently appointed new board members in Annette Wilson, Eric Collins, Hussein Kanji and Trecilla Lobo, to bolster support for UK tech scaleups.
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Do you want to remove excessive trees from your land or back yard? Or you want to start a tree removing business? Do you know how to cut trees? Are you searching for tools and types of equipment to remove trees?
If you want to know something about cutting trees, this article may be helpful for you. It is a fact that tree removal is not an easy task. It has been becoming a science.
Just having the equipment does not mean that you can cut trees. You must learn or hire a professional to cut trees. These professionals are called arborists.
What tools professionals use to cut trees?
We recommend you look at the best homeowner chainsaws by Chainsaw Larry to cut or remove trees. The tree cutting and removing job is not for unskilled persons. You must have the expertise and an insight into the botany. You must know how to climb up a tree safely. You must know different kinds of saws you need to use. You must know the techniques of climbing the trees. You must know how to cut the branches so that they may not become dangerous while falling.
Unskilled cutting may result in serious dangers.
For removing trees, you need to climb large trees. You must bring removed branches safely to the ground. There are transporting power equipment that you need to have. The following tools are necessary for rigging purpose.
You must have excellent quality tools for this hazardous task. You need ropes and rigging thimbles. Cable hoists, winches, and ring slings are necessary for this purpose. Friction brakes, blocks, and pulleys are required for rigging. You must have excellent quality slings and swivels.
All these pieces of equipment must be with you when you are starting your tree cutting business.
You need to have cutting tools if you are a professional. Knowledge is your essential and primary tool, and you must learn the science of cutting before you go for it.
A chainsaw is a crucial tool for cutting trees. There are different types and forms of chainsaws available in the market. Two main types of chainsaw are electric-powered and gas-powered chainsaw. It is apparent gas-powered chainsaws offer more mobility than an electric chainsaw. You need extension cords to reach the trees if you use an electric chainsaw.
Other cutting equipment includes;
- Hand saws
- Pole saws
- Hand pruners
- Tree loppers
- Different types of axes
- Hedge trimmers
You cannot minimize the need for well-maintained climbing equipment if you have a concern for safety. Climbing and safety tools are part of arborist’s tools. The following material may be in the bag of a tree cutting professional.
- Protective goggles/glasses
- Protective clothes
- Radios for communication
- Ascenders and descanters
- First-aid kit
- Different types of pulleys, carabineers, and rope
In short, you must have all of the equipment as mentioned above to cut trees.
Hello, my name is Justin. I manage the blog here. Hope you enjoy these posts. Let me know if you have any questions or just want to say hi.
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What You Need to Know About Dice
For a person that has seen some actions in the gaming and the educational training, he or she will see an item that is crucial for both sectors. You will have some sighting of the dice in the field of gaming as well as the education sector. You should understand that in the field of math and the shapes learning the use of dice will be relevant.
For the gaming world the use of the dice will be part of the items that do play a vital role. For most of the games, the dice will hold a good position in the overall play options. For both sectors, buying the right choices of dice will be crucial.
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What is agile working?
This is an abstract.
Agile working comes about through the implementation and establishment of agile values and principles. Only when the values and principles are expressed in people's behavior and attitude is agility anchored in the culture of the organization and we speak of "real" agile working.
The difference between being agile and doing agile
The principles and values shape the way a lean and responsive organization is designed.
Agile frameworks and methods support this implementation by bundling a set of roles, events, and other structural elements and techniques that build on agile working principles. In fact, however, there is a significant difference between using agile methods and being agile. Because like any tool, agile frameworks and methods can be misappropriated. The lived practice of the frameworks and methods should thus always withstand an examination of the principles and values.
Agile principles: The core of agility
Five principles provide guidelines on what Agility concretely means:
Delivering value to the customer: means that we focus on delivering value to the customer. On the one hand, this means asking what the customer wants. On the other hand, it means questioning whether our work steps contribute to this.
Getting work flowing: means avoiding waiting time as one of the biggest wastes. Typical means for this are pull systems and the visualization of work within workflows, e.g. with Kanban.
Empowerment and self-management: means that teams decide for themselves who does what and when. In doing so, team members hold each other accountable. Empowerment and self-management bring decisions as close as possible to the value-creating work in order to be responsive.
Transparency: means ensuring the self-management of teams by dealing openly with facts. This means that everyone has the same information basis for their work and can make informed decisions.
Inspect and adapt: means that knowledge is gained from experience and that decisions are made on the basis of observations. To this end, results and ways of working, i.e. both effectiveness and efficiency, are regularly checked for their value and - where necessary - adjusted. This fifth principle states that it is not enough to be merely reactive, but that it is necessary for us to actually react.
These five principles are an extension of the Lean principles (Value, Flow, Inspect and Adapt) and a first concretization of "Agile". The agile manifesto of 2001 adds another perspective and expands the principles to include value pairs.
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Seven years ago, Microsoft surprised the world – and its hardware partners – by releasing its first laptop: the Surface Book. It was a flop. But, unlike some Microsoft hardware tests I can mention – the Surface tablet, the Surface RT and the infamous Qin phone – Microsoft continues to hack from the Surface Book. Today, like the Surface Laptop Studio, its descendants are good laptops.
Now Microsoft is going to try something new again: its first desktop via Project Voltaire.
Believe it or not, this is going to be an ARM machine instead of running on an AMD or Intel processor. Now, I know what you’re thinking: “This is going to be another failure for a limited-use machine like Windows RT or Surface Pro X, isn’t it?” Actually, I don’t think so. I think Microsoft is going to get ARM at this point. And, if you know me, you know I’m not a Microsoft fanboy.
You see, it’s about the developers. Instead of imitating x86 in ARM, which always ensures that programs will slow down, Microsoft is now providing an end-to-end software development kit (SDK) and programming tools that will be ARM native.
Project Volterra will include (deep breathing):
- Visual Studio 2022
- Visual Studio Code
- Visual C ++
- Modern .NET 6 and Java
- Classic .NET Framework
- Windows Terminal
- Windows subsystem for Linux
- Windows subsystem for Android
In other words, Microsoft will provide programmers with everything they need to create programs in ARM that can actually take advantage of its architectural features. Leopards can change their spots! I’m not ready to announce that WinARM will replace Wintel, but it’s a serious hardware move for Microsoft.
Project Voltaire’s PC is expected to run on a still-named Snapdragon processor. It will have four CPUs and a Neural Processing Unit (NPU) for artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI / ML) programming. Qualcomm Technologies will also provide the Qualcomm Neural Processing SDK for this new Windows toolkit.
There are rumors that the Surface team is building it with Qualcomm and it will be shipped on a chip (SOC) with a flagship Snapdragon system. This will represent a step forward for Windows in ARM. In the past, Microsoft has moved away from sophisticated ARM technology.
The new machine will include what Robert Anderle of Computerworld called the Azure Computer Unit (ACU). This chip is intended to facilitate the smooth transfer of workloads between the PC and the cloud as needed for Windows PCs.
Hmmm, a Windows desktop that relies on the cloud – where have I heard this idea before?
The desktop PC itself is expected to be the size of a Mac mini. Although Microsoft has not released any space yet, I can already tell you that it will have a Gigabit Ethernet port, Wi-Fi 6 support and an HDMI port for the video. Relying on Azure, I suspect it will have a very large solid-state drive (SSD), say 512MB, or many USB-C ports.
Microsoft will not try to sell it to customers. It will help developers and AI / ML programmers. That said, I know some of my ARM fan friends are already zoning to get their hands on one.
Me? I think this could be Microsoft’s most significant advancement in development hardware since Azure. I look forward to seeing what Microsoft provides and how well it does.
Copyright © 2022 IDG Communications, Inc.
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Combatting Climate Change with Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) An exploratory study on the implementation of CCS in the Norwegian iron and steel sector.
MetadataVis full innførsel
- Master Thesis
Today, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is considered by many as the most credible and costeffective method of combatting global warming and meeting the climate change targets. Despite this, CCS remains a novel technology within the Norwegian iron and steel sector. Thus, the aim of this thesis is to analyse the macroenvironment surrounding CCS for this sector. This is done to understand how well the Norwegian iron and steel sector is suited for CCS implementation, and to what extent government policies are necessary in order to accelerate development and deployment of the technology. The research questions are answered using a combination of the PESTEL framework and environmental economic policies. PESTEL allows for the identification of opportunities and barriers in the market. The results from this analysis reveal that the Norwegian Government shows a high degree of commitment to CCS through specific projects and funding. However, as the cost of CCS exceeds the cost of carbon set by the EU ETS, CCS is not currently an economically viable abatement technology for the iron and steel case facilities. For this reason, government policies are necessary to boost development and deployment during a ramp up stage, until the cost of CCS falls or the price of carbon rises. While it is clear that government involvement is required, which policies are most effective is less obvious. Yet, based on the PESTEL findings, it appears that policy attention should be directed towards decentralised and incentive-based policies instead of command-and-control policies. Furthermore, policies should not be implemented in isolation. Instead, a combination of policies is necessary to achieve the desired goals.
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Apr 2nd 2022
“I AM A gaffe machine,” Joe Biden as soon as admitted, disarmingly. For proof take into account his speech in Warsaw on March twenty sixth. Vladimir Putin’s carnage in Ukraine was a part of a worldwide “battle between democracy and autocracy”, he declared, closing with an impromptu line: “For God’s sake, this man cannot remain in power.” Was Mr Biden advocating regime change in Russia? No, his aides hastened to say, quickly adopted by the president himself.
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The political gaffe, the commentator Michael Kinsley memorably noticed, is when a politician inadvertently speaks the reality. Mr Biden’s many slips typically contain him getting muddled or, as in 2012, being unable to catch a double entendre. Seeking to solid Barack Obama as a tough man of world affairs, the then vice-president cited Teddy Roosevelt’s dictum about talking softly and carrying a giant stick. “I promise you, the president has a big stick.”
Mr Biden’s phrases in Warsaw had been completely different, deliberate and in line with insults—“war criminal”, “butcher”—he has been hurling at Russia’s chief. Critics cost that, in suggesting he seeks Mr Putin’s downfall, Mr Biden will harden Russia’s resolve on the battlefield and on the negotiating desk. This misses the mark. The reproach rings particularly hole coming from Republicans who nonetheless bow to the dangerously wayward and Putin-loving Donald Trump. (On March twenty ninth he urged Mr Putin to disclose grime on the Biden household.) There is little doubt the world could be higher with out Mr Putin; and he already thinks America is out to get him.
Rather, Mr Biden’s failing in Warsaw is what may be referred to as the Reverse Roosevelt Doctrine: communicate loudly and carry a small stick. To Poles and Ukrainians within the viewers, Mr Biden’s most fervent strains carried disturbing implications. Telling Mr Putin “don’t even think about moving on one single inch of NATO territory” appears like giving him carte blanche to do his worst in Ukrainian territory. “We need to steel ourselves for the long fight ahead” implies that he’ll do nothing to cease horrors rapidly.
The parallels he drew—the Hungarian rebellion of 1956, the Prague spring of 1968 and Solidarity’s strikes in Poland in 1980—all referred to occasions behind the iron curtain, the place America had little affect. Mr Biden didn’t point out, say, Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait in 1980 or Serbian atrocities in Bosnia and Kosovo within the Nineties, which America halted by way of army motion. Intervention in Ukraine, Mr Biden says, would danger “World War III”.
Finding a course between stopping Russia’s takeover of Ukraine and averting nuclear escalation entails a lot semantic and authorized contortion. What weaponry is defensive, or what motion escalatory? Mr Biden sends Ukraine anti-tank weapons, however not tanks; anti-aircraft missiles however not army plane. He is at pains to say what he won’t do: no to American troops on the bottom, no to no-fly zones. His response to Mr Putin’s madman nuclear threats is reassurance that America won’t become involved. Mr Biden invoked the phrases of the late Polish pope, John Paul II, “Be not afraid.” Yet it’s the president who appears terrified of tangling with Mr Putin, not the opposite method round.
How to elucidate this warning? The first and most evident motive is that Russia has a much bigger stockpile of nuclear weapons than America does, and a better doctrinal propensity to make use of them. Even Mr Biden’s fiercest critics agree that getting right into a conflict with Russia could be a nasty thought. The second issue is Mr Biden’s aversion to America’s over-reliance on drive, given the quagmires in Iraq and Afghanistan. Military motion must be a final resort, not the primary, he thinks; and must be used solely when very important pursuits are at stake. His financial sanctions on Russia, he believes, are “a new kind of economic statecraft with the power to inflict damage that rivals military might”.
Left unsaid is that Ukraine might be not as necessary to Mr Biden as, say, Taiwan. America sees Russia as a disrupter, and China as the one challenger to its supremacy. Another of Mr Biden’s gaffes final yr is telling. Asked whether or not America would defend Taiwan from a Chinese assault, he replied: “Yes, we have a commitment to do that.” The White House rushed to make clear that the president supposed no change in America’s “one-China” coverage, or its doctrine of “strategic ambiguity” about defending the island. For Taiwan, then, Mr Biden does appear able to danger nuclear conflict.
A cynical chance, which many Ukrainians consider, is that Mr Biden needs a drawn-out conflict to exhaust Russia, at the price of a lot Ukrainian blood. That could also be too Machiavellian. There is little signal that the Biden administration has thought a lot concerning the end-game. It says it won’t dictate the phrases that Volodymyr Zelensky, Ukraine’s president, ought to settle for. This is disingenuous provided that Mr Biden in impact units limits on what Ukraine can obtain. If Mr Zelensky doesn’t have the weapons with which to evict Russian forces, he should quit territory; if NATO won’t admit Ukraine, he should settle for neutrality.
Shoot the bear?
Now that Russia is bleeding within the battlefield, outstanding Americans need Mr Biden to go all-out to assist Mr Zelensky rout the Russian military. Victory would revitalise democracy and would possibly even deliver down Mr Putin. Mr Biden, nevertheless, prefers the lengthy recreation. Ukraine is bravely holding its floor, Russia is being weakened and China is paying a political value for embracing Mr Putin. Only Russia’s chief is aware of what would make him resort to nuclear weapons, however a senior American defence official thinks the triggers most likely embrace “the prospect of all-out conventional defeat of Russia’s military” or a menace to the Russian state (in different phrases, a menace to Mr Putin).
What about Mr Biden’s chin-jutting in Warsaw? It might be ethical outrage, as he says, with maybe some low cost rhetoric. The president could also be unfastened in his powerful discuss, and cautious to a fault in his actions. But within the nuclear age that’s certainly higher than emulating a swashbuckling militarist like Teddy Roosevelt. ■
Read extra from Lexington, our columnist on American politics:
American vitality innovation’s massive second (Mar twenty sixth)
The embarrassing Mrs Thomas (Mar nineteenth)
Joe Biden’s indispensable management (Mar twelfth)
Read extra of our current protection of the Ukraine disaster
This article appeared within the United States part of the print version underneath the headline “The Reverse Roosevelt Doctrine”
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|Page tools: Print Page Print All|
CHAPTER 9 QUALITY CHANGE AND NEW PRODUCTS
Using the observed prices produces the following measures of price change:
Percentage change from period 2 to period 3 = (2.85 - 2.78)/2.78 x 100 = 2.5%
Percentage change from period 1 to period 3 = (2.85 - 3.09)/3.09 x 100 = -7.8%.
9.10 However, this does not provide a measure of 'pure price' change because the item priced in period 3 is not identical to the item priced in the previous periods. What is required for period 3 is the 'price that would have been paid for the item not the observed price, but the price had the period 3 size can been available in period 2'. This price can be estimated by adjusting the period 3 price by the ratio of the item's weight in period 2 to its weight in period 3, giving a quality adjusted price of $3.14 ($2.85 x 440/400).
Using this adjusted price in period 3 results in the following correct measures of price change:
Percentage change from period 2 to period 3 = (3.14 - 2.78)/2.78 x 100 = 12.9%
Percentage change from period 1 to period 3 = (3.14 - 3.09)/3.09 x 100 = 1.6%.
9.11 After adjusting for the reduction in quality between periods 2 and 3, the rise in the observed price of 2.5% has been translated into a pure price increase of 12.9%. Similarly, the measure of price change between periods 1 and 3 has been changed from a fall of 7.8% to a rise of 1.6%.
9.12 Similar adjustment procedures can be used for other quality changes, the only issue being how to determine a suitable quality measure. For example, changes in the alcoholic content of spirits could be allowed for, simply by adjusting the price proportionally for the change in the alcoholic content. More difficult would be the handling of changes in the meat content of sausages or the salt content of margarine.
9.13 Of course, there are limits to the application of this approach. For example, it would be inappropriate to replace a medium sized can of tomato soup with a large or small sized can since price typically falls per unit of weight with significant increases in the container size. The samples should comprise relatively homogeneous items of similar sizes and quality.
9.14 The situation becomes more complicated with evolutionary goods such as high-technology commodities, motor vehicles and communication devices. Quality changes for these items are very hard to measure. A detailed explanation on the techniques used to measure quality changes for these items is set out in Chapter 8.
Differences in production or option costs
9.15 It is possible to try to measure the change in quality by the estimated change in the costs of producing the two qualities. The estimates can be made in consultation with the producers of the goods or services, if appropriate. This method, like the other quantity adjustments, will only be satisfactory when the changes are fairly simple such as the addition of some new feature, or option, to an automobile. Consider the addition of Electronic Stability Control (ESC) to a new motor vehicle. In period 1 the price is obtained for the motor vehicle without the ESC option. In the next period ESC becomes standard for all motor vehicles. In order to accurately reflect the quality change, it is necessary to determine the cost of the option and the take-up rate by consumers. This information can be obtained from the dealer and/or manufacturer and used to determine the quality adjustment.
9.16 The use of expert views to estimate the value of the quality change is sometimes used for highly complex items where alternative methods are not feasible. Experts are guided with regard to the nature of the estimate required. This approach is generally not used in the CPI apart from estimates of quality change in motor vehicles where the option cost approach may not be feasible (i.e. the new feature was previously not an option). The expert judgement approach is generally applied using the Delphi method.(footnote 1) The Delphi method uses a panel of prices experts who each provide their estimate of the estimated value of the quality difference. The median is taken of these estimates and any estimate that is considered extreme is sent back to the expert concerned, who is asked to account for possible reasons behind the difference. The Delphi method is time-consuming and expensive, but it reflects the care needed in such matters.
9.17 For more complex quality adjustment needs, statistical techniques such as heeding technique may be used. The heeding technique involves the use of a regression equation - the heeding function - in which prices from an array of different varieties of a product are the dependent variables, and the characteristics of that product are the independent (or explanatory) variables. The estimated parameters from the regression provide implicit prices for each of the price determining characteristics of the good. In simple terms, heeding modelling divides a good or service into its component characteristics, and uses these characteristics as explanatory variables for the price.(footnote 2)
9.18 Although this form of modelling allows for direct estimation of the amount of quality adjustment, large amounts of data and many calculations are required, which is expensive. An additional problem is that heeding techniques are not readily able to deal with quality changes that are not easily quantifiable, such as the handling characteristics of a car, the quality of medical care, or whether a variety of clothing is in or out of fashion.
Implicit quality adjustments
9.19 Implicit quality adjustments are easy to implement but care needs to be taken to ensure the quality adjustment is done appropriately. Rather than making a direct adjustment for quality described in the explicit adjustment above, an option is selected which automatically sets how the quality adjustment between the previous and current product is applied. These include directly comparable, not directly comparable and overlapping prices adjustments.
9.20 This option is used when the difference between the two products is assumed to be all price change and the quality difference is judged negligible. Directly comparable does not apply any quality adjustment and records any observed price difference between the two products as actual price change. This is most likely to be the case when the change in quality is described in terms of additions or deletions to the original product. One example could be a women's winter jacket. The price observed in the first period was for a wool blend jacket with four buttons and a large collar. In the second period this item was no longer available and replaced with a wool jacket with five buttons and a smaller collar. The utility to the consumer was judged to be the same and therefore the item was deemed directly comparable. Similarly a washing machine priced in the first period may be replaced with another with the same features but a different product code and slight styling change.
Not directly comparable
9.21 The purpose of this option is to link in the new product when the relative qualities of the original and replacement products can't be compared in any meaningful way. In this case, an imputed price will be calculated for the old product for use in the current period's index calculation, and the price collected for the new product will be stored for use as the 'back price' in the following period. This type of quality adjustment is more common in commodities where the pace of innovation is high with continual changes in the characteristics of products such as televisions etc. Care is taken when applying this quality adjustment to ensure that the observed price difference between the original and replacement products is not due to one product being on sale, as this is not treated as quality change.
9.22 This option is used when both products are available on the market at the same time and the ratio of the prices of the new to the old quality should reflect their relative utilities to consumers.
Suppose a washing machine 'Model A' has been available on the market for a number of years but is now being replaced by a new model 'Model B'. In period 1 'Model A' washing machine retailed for $450. In period 2 'Model A' retails for $500 but the new model 'Model B' is available with extra features such as greater water efficiency for $530. In period 3 only 'Model B' is available for $550. If no quality adjustment was applied the price change from period 1 to period 3 would be overstated. The overlapping price quality adjustment uses the price change of 'Model A' from period 1 to period 2 and the price change of 'Model B' from period 2 to period 3. The difference in price between 'Model B' ($530) and 'Model A' ($500) of $30 is treated a quality change. The price change from period 1 to period 3 is $70. This is described in Table 9.1.
Using the observed prices produces the following measures of price change:
Price change from period 2 to period 3 = $550 - $530 = $20
Total Price change from period 1 to period 3 = $50 + $20 = $70.
9.23 However, this method is not used very extensively because the requisite data are seldom available. Care is taken when applying this quality adjustment to ensure that the observed price difference between the original and replacement products is not due to one product being on sale, as this is not treated as quality change.
9.24 If there are no overlapping prices, or those prices are not normal, then quality adjustment becomes more difficult. It might be possible to use the last available price of the replaced item or to use estimates of differences in manufacturing costs. Again, using manufacturing costs will only be appropriate if costs broadly correlate with consumer utility.
Other issues related to quality change
9.25 There are other circumstances where the use of price differentials as indicators of quality differentials may not be appropriate. Examples include items that are heavily subsidised or regulated, such as public education and pharmaceuticals.
9.26 The quality of the service in which a product is delivered is important. Purchasing 2 litres of milk at the local convenience store is a different quality of service than at a supermarket, even if the product is exactly the same. Similarly, purchasing an item online is different to purchasing it in a store. Consumers substituting to different outlets (e.g. more online retailers) will be treated as a quality change, not a price change. For example, if a consumer purchases a cookbook at a book retailer for $50 in one period, but then purchases the same item in the following period online for $40, this is not treated as a price fall. It is treated as a different product. Price change is measured by matching products from the same type of outlet over time.
9.27 For some types of quality change, it is doubtful if any accurate measure of the change can be calculated. For example, in the case of services, consider changes in medical operating procedures (e.g. keyhole surgery) that involve less pain and a speedier recovery, or educational services making a greater use of computers. In these cases generally no quality adjustments are applied.
9.28 One important area of quality change is that arising from governmental regulations. It is ABS practice that, unless these changes clearly affect the level of household utility, they are not treated as quality changes. An example of this practice is that any higher price for motor vehicles occasioned by mandatory pollution requirements is regarded as a price increase, not a quality improvement.
9.29 An important issue is whether a change to an item should be regarded as a quality change to an existing item or the creation of a new item. The simpler approach is to assume that the item is new, and to include it into an existing price sample. However, this practice implicitly assumes that the difference in quality is equivalent to the price difference. Clearly, if it is assessed that a price differential is not a reliable indicator of quality or household utility differentials, then some other appropriate quality adjustment should be made.
NEW GOODS AND SERVICES
9.30 From time to time, major changes in existing products and services take place, or new products and services become available on the retail market and begin to account for a significant share of household expenditure. Some examples in recent years are tablets, 3D televisions, smart phones and electronic books. In these cases, careful consideration is given to whether these new goods or services should be priced for the CPI.
9.31 If a new product or service is deemed to be a completely different category of product (i.e. a new expenditure class) from any of the goods and services already included in the CPI, its inclusion would be considered only during one of the periodic reviews of the index where updated weighting patterns at the published level were available. The inclusion of television sets in the 1960s is a good example of this. However, where a new product or service falls within the definition of an existing expenditure class (e.g. the introduction of colour television sets, or mobile telephones), the issue is when and how to start measuring these price movements for the CPI. Normally, the decision is made after considering the following factors.
9.32 In general, a conservative approach is taken when dealing with the introduction of new goods and services into the CPI. They are introduced into existing expenditure classes only after it is deemed that they have become widely available to the buying public, have become a permanent part of household expenditure, and their price structures are free from premiums attributable to novelty value or scarcity. All introductions of new items are handled by including the new item into the index so that its introduction does not affect the level of the index.
1 For example, see Czinkota and Ronkainen, (1997). <back
2 The ABS has developed heeding price indexes for computers. Details are provided in Information Paper: The Introduction of Hedonic Price Indexes for Personal Computers (cat. no. 6458.0).
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For us personally, cats have been a part of a our lives since we were children. And, in that entire time, we, for some reason we never wondered about the following until today: Why do they put bells on cat collars?
Turns out, the answer is pretty simple. The bells are to warn birds and other animals a cat might prey on of the presence of said cat.
According to https://www.catsdom.com/why-do-cat-collars-have-bells/, the bells also help keep us humans from tripping over our kitty cats as they pitter and patter around our feet, assist us with finding our furry friends when they are hiding, and also because it is cute.
That being said, some warn against having bells on a cat’s collar.
In the article at animals.onehowto.com, it is noted the repetitive ringing of the bell so close to a cat’s ears is likely annoying to the cat and possibly even mentally harmful.
The same article also notes that many cats have been injured by trying to get the bell off of the collar. Those sharp little claws can definitely easily get stuck in the bell or caught in the collar.
For those worried about the dangers of bells on collars but still interested in keeping their feline from stalking birds, there are alternatives available. However, these have their detractors too.
One option is the cat bib, an actual bib that is fixed onto a collar and is supposed to make it hard for the cat to pounce on a bird (because the cat is basically tripped up by the bib). As you can imagine, some cats HATE wearing the bib, at least until they get used to it.
Another alternative is Birdbesafe, a bright-colored, extra large collar that looks sort of like a clown’s collar and is supposed to alert songbirds, which see bright colors well. The size of the collar is of concern to some people, who feel that cats will be uncomfortable wearing it. And, it’s definitely not a 100 percent guarantee: A study showed that 64 percent of the cat owners who used the red collar said it worked, according to pictures-of-cats.org. The rainbow and yellow collars didn’t fare as well (48 and 46 percent respectively).
While the alternatives are interesting, it doesn’t seem like cat collars with bells are going anywhere soon. Indeed, we suspect the bells have also just become something of a tradition over the years, i.e., something manufacturers add because they figure people expect cat collars to have them.
That might be bad news for some cats. But, at least it’s good news for some birds.
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App Review: Renal Chart
Created by Iperdesign for Abbvie, Renal Chart is a tool designed to help both doctors and patients manage their renal health. It helps doctors determine if a patient is at risk for chronic kidney disease, something that is only treatable when caught very early. It’s incurable, so just detecting the disease early enough can mean lives saved. That’s exactly what this app does.
Iperdesign has worked on a number of apps and provides them in multiple languages. While the company itself is Italian, the app is available to English speakers, as well. Their apps range from Cupido App to Dale Carnegie Training and everything in between, so there’s plenty of knowledge being put to use here. Abbvie is a biopharmaceutical company with a focus on tech and research, so they have the specialty knowledge to bring life to the app. They produced Renal Chart in order to give patients a new lease on life by catching the possible interference of CKD early on.
How It Works
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent killer, since it happens slowly and is irreversible. Over time, the kidneys become damaged and no longer filter the blood as they need to. The result is that waste in the blood is not properly processed. Toxins begin to build up in the body and this causes a range of health issues, including malnutrition, heart disease, and anemia. Unfortunately, these secondary illnesses often show up when it’s already too late to save the kidneys, so it’s essential that people are screened regularly.
With the Renal Chart app, doctors simply input the information they have on the patient and will be shown risk factors and tips to help with the screening. A simple chart identifies if your patient needs further screening or not. It can also identify what stage the patient has reached with CKD. In some cases, the issue may already be quite severe. If this is the case, the patient is at risk of complete renal failure and possibly death.
Risk factors for CKD include a family history of kidney problems, as this type of disease often is genetic. The older you are, the more likely you are to develop kidney disease, as well as if your racial background includes Hispanic, African American, or American Indian blood. High blood pressure and diabetes will also boost your risk of developing kidney disease, so you’ll want to be sure to get screened if you have these risk factors.
Obesity also puts you at higher risk for kidney issues, as does smoking. Polycystic kidney disease, blockage of the urinary tract, and recurrent kidney infections can also mean you are in the high-risk category.
The Renal Chart app will help you identify just who is at higher risk, due to the various factors and the medical information input into the chart. If there is need, the person may be referred to a nephrologist and receive more advanced testing. In some cases, the patient needs dialysis or even a kidney transplant.
For doctors who generally don’t treat kidney problems, the app makes it simple to enter in the patient’s basic information and data, then calculate, based on any of three different formulas, the risk. From there, the patient’s prognosis or possibility of getting CKD will pop up on a color-coded chart that ranges from green (no risk) to red (very high risk). Even the layperson can see at a glance whether they need to seek help.
You will need to have the patient’s urine results in order to enter them into the chart, but this will just make the process more accurate. It measures albumin and protein in the urine, as well as a few other basic things to determine just how healthy the kidneys are.
Pros and Cons of Renal Chart
There are some pretty obvious pluses to using Renal Chart. The app is very useful for determining who is at risk for renal failure and who needs further testing. It is simple enough to use that anyone can add in information. Even laypeople can use the app for checking their risk level. Another pro for this category is the fact that Renal Chart is free.
The downside is that the app is very difficult to find. This may be due to the fact that it is mostly used by Italian-speaking doctors, but the fact that it doesn’t appear on the Play Store makes it hard to use.
What People Have to Say About Renal Chart
The Renal Chart app was named the Best App for Health Professionals in 2014 and is widely praised for its usefulness. Doctors found it to be extremely helpful in the healthcare industry and frequently used it to prevent renal issues from slipping through the cracks. While no one is certain just what happened, the app is now very difficult to find.
Other Apps Like Renal Chart
Renal Chart stands out in its field, but there are other apps available for those suffering from renal failure. The most useful ones are designed to screen patients for potential problems, always with an eye to finding the disease before it becomes too serious.
eGFR Calculators Pro: Renal or Kidney Function is one of the other top rated options available for you. The app requires you to add in some basic information and it will calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate or eGFR to see how well the kidneys are functioning. The app gives you a rating, based on what your result is and suggests a stage of chronic kidney disease. It also provides recommended actions, based on the information you’ve put in.
The National Kidney Foundation has also produced a basic eGFR calculator that you can use to find out what stage of CKD you’re at. You have the option of using one of five different calculators to figure out the best option for yourself. While this is very DIY, the results allow people to take the information to their doctor for follow-up when discovered.
It should be noted that most CKD apps are designed specifically for diets, but the majority of these don’t use accurate information and should not be trusted. It’s best to use medical-community approved apps instead of any old one.
If you or your patients are interested in getting Renal Chart, it is available for Apple and on Android, depending on what you prefer. Unfortunately, it is very difficult to find now and doesn’t always appear in stores outside of Italy. You may also find that the initial interface is in Italian.#renalchart #healthapps #renalapp #appsfordrs #abbvie #ckd #chronickidneydisease #pharmtech
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Exporters of Russian wheat have cut prices to try to speed up sales abroad before the government possibly introduces curbs to replenish its own stocks and prevent rises in the cost of bread, traders and analysts said on Friday.
Russia's grain exports are running at a record high, buoyed by a large crop and a sinking ruble which after dropping 40 percent this year against the dollar has made exports more profitable than domestic sales.
On Thursday, Agriculture Minister Nikolai Fyodorov told an agriculture commission in the lower house of parliament that his ministry would consider all options to restrain exports, "except an embargo," and cover domestic demand.
President Vladimir Putin's popularity has been largely based on him bringing stability after the chaos caused by the fall of the Soviet Union, and officials are mindful of preventing social discontent as the economy weakens and inflation spikes.
The Kommersant newspaper quoted bread producers and shops on Thursday as saying bread prices may rise 10 percent in the near future due to rising prices for flour, grain, sugar, raw materials and other higher costs.
Russia cannot ban exports as it did after a drought in 2010 as it is now a member of the World Trade Organization, analysts say, but Fyodorov's comments have confirmed that the government still has tools in hand to curb sales.
Earlier, officials said Russia may consider imposing a floating tariff as a measure of last resort in 2015, while its food safety regulator may tighten export rules.
"Traders are worried about the decisions the government is going to make," a trader said. "Nobody wants to stay with expensive stock in hand."
Russia's Black Sea prices for wheat with 12.5 percent protein content are currently down $6 to $258 per ton on a free-on-board (FOB) basis compared with a week earlier, SovEcon agriculture consultancy said.
Russia, one of the world's key wheat exporters to North Africa and the Middle East, has harvested the second-largest crop in its post-Soviet history of 104 million tons this year.
With the annual domestic demand of 70 million tons, its grain exports will reach a record of 21 million tons in the first half of the 2014-15 marketing year, which started on July 1, according to SovEcon.
The Agriculture ministry is now discussing an increase in prices at which it buys grain on the domestic market for its 1.75 million tons of stocks, Fyodorov said. The current price of its so-called intervention program is too low to compete with exporters and domestic users.
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Surrounded by rolling Cotswolds countryside, Gloucester is a pocket-sized city with medieval roots, including Roman, Anglo-Saxon and English royalty occupation. Stroll around the bustling Gloucester Docks district, reliving the legacy of Beatrix Potter and gazing up at the magnificent cathedral.
Things to do in Gloucester
One of England's most beautiful buildings, Gloucester Cathedral was built in the English Perpendicular Gothic style. It's the final resting place of Edward II, who was buried here in 1327. Inside you'll find soaring pillars, gleaming wooden choir stalls and the magnificent Great East Window. Harry Potter fans will recognise the fan-vaulted Great Cloister, which appeared in several of the films.
Hidden away in a narrow lane near the cathedral, the Tailor of Gloucester Museum celebrates the legacy of Beatrix Potter. She was inspired to write the enchanting “Tailor of Gloucester” storybook while visiting her cousin in 1894. The tiny museum also features a charming on-site gift store.
History buffs shouldn't miss the Gloucester Life Museum. It spotlights British folk culture and is filled with antiques, Civil War weaponry and vintage farming tools. The museum is spread across a handful of creaky Tudor and Jacobean buildings that date back to the 16th century.
Housed in an old Victorian warehouse, the National Waterways Museum Gloucester introduces you to Britain’s inland waterways. You can climb aboard antique boats, watch educational films and check out a host of interactive displays on the country's vast network of canals, rivers and locks.
Getting around Gloucester
The Gloucester town centre is easy to get around on foot. Gloucester is well-serviced by a rail network, with trains running to London in around two hours. You'll also find fast connections to Bath, Bristol and Cardiff.
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Reviewed by Robin Heller, President, The Athena Advisors
When the Serpentine art gallery opened in London in 2013, it was named after the Sackler family, long known for contributions to art, medicine and education. Earlier this year, the Sackler name was dropped. The reasons given for this decision did not tell the whole story, which is compellingly related by Patrick Radden Keefe in Empire of Pain: The secret history of the Sackler dynasty. Arthur Sackler (1913-1987) was a psychiatrist interested in the emerging pharmaceutical industry. He founded a family business, Purdue Pharma, which manufactured – and more importantly for this story, aggressively marketed – the drug OxyContin, a highly addictive opioid. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ‘since 1999, nearly 841,000 people have died of a drug overdose in the U.S., and 70% of the drug overdoses involved an opioid’.
The Sackler wealth, in short, came from a pharmaceutical powerhouse now associated, in both the courts of law and public opinion, with the opioid crisis. One outcome is that organisations that inscribed the Sackler family name on buildings are distancing themselves from it, prompting larger questions about philanthropy and the ethics that guide it.
Opioid use or the deeds and misdeeds of the pharmaceutical industry are not where Keefe focuses his attention, however. Two things interest him: the Shakespearean twists and turns of the family’s story; and the pharmaceutical business that enabled the Sacklers to fund a glittering world of the arts, medicine, and higher education around the globe. This dramatic story, told clearly and affectingly by Keefe, might raise the question of why the highest honour we can give a donor is to put his or her name on a courtyard (such as at the Victoria and Albert Museum, London), a wing (such as the Sackler Wing at the V&A) or an escalator (such as at the Tate Modern).
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Facts about lead
What is lead and why should I be concerned?
What are the most common sources of lead poisoning?
How can lead get into my body?
What are the health effects of lead?
Where might I find lead in my home?
Can I bring lead home from work?
Where else has lead been found?
How can I check my family for lead exposure?
What can I do to protect my family?
Lead-based paint disclosure program
Renovating a home containing lead-based paint
- Lead exposure can harm babies before they are born
- Children who seem healthy can have high levels of lead in their bodies
- Peeling or chipping lead-based paint can be a health hazard
- Hand-to-mouth behavior of young children makes them more at risk
- Lead-based paint that is in good condition is generally not a health hazard
- Lead can be brought home from work on your clothes and shoes
- Prior to 1978, lead was used as an additive in gasoline
- Some imported toys or jewelry may contain lead
- Some ethnic foods or medicines contain harmful amounts of lead
Lead is a naturally-occurring element found in rock ore with other metals. Lead is processed by smelting the lead from the rock ore. Lead is a toxic metal that was used for many years in products found in and around homes. These products included lead-based paint, lead pipes, and leaded gasoline. Lead has been removed from many household products. Lead is still used in some commercial or industrial products.
The US government has banned lead as an additive in house paint since 1978. Because many homes and buildings were constructed before 1978, effects from lead exposure remain a health issue. The US Environmental Protection Agency has many additional resources available to help you learn about lead. Visit the EPA Lead Awareness Program website for more information and publications in English and Spanish. You can also contact the National Lead Information Center at 1-800-424-LEAD (5323) for more information about lead.
Frequent exposure to high amounts of lead can cause a range of health effects, from behavioral problems and learning disabilities, to seizures and death. Children six years old and younger are most at risk from lead exposure.
For more information on lead poisoning, see our Healthy Homes lead webpage.
- Deteriorating lead-based paint
- Lead contaminated dust or soil
- Old plumbing fixtures with lead pipe or solder
- Imported toys, jewelry, or foods with lead
- Some hobbies such as making stained glass or glazing pottery
- Folk remedies that contain lead
People can accidentally get lead into their body if they:
- Put their hands or other objects with lead on them in their mouths,
- Accidentally ingest lead-based paint
- Work or play in soil that contains lead,
- Breathe lead dust,
- Eat products that contain lead, or
- Drink water coming from old lead pipes.
If not detected early, children with high levels of lead in their bodies can suffer from:
- Damage to the brain and nervous system
- Behavior and learning problems, such as hyperactivity
- Slowed growth
- Hearing problems
- Poor muscle coordination
- Decreased muscle and bone growth
Lead is harmful to adults, too. Adults can suffer from:
- Reproductive problems (in both men and women)
- High blood pressure and hypertension
- Nerve disorders
- Digestive problems
- Memory and concentration problems
- Muscle and joint pain
Lead is more dangerous to babies and young children because their brains and nervous systems are more sensitive to the damaging effects of lead. The growing bodies of children often absorb more lead than adults. Because children often put their hands and other objects in their mouths, they are more at risk to lead exposure. Once the brain is harmed by lead, the damage is often irreversible. Often lead poisoning goes undetected because the initial signs are similar to common ailments. Make sure children eat healthy and nutritious meals as recommended by the National Dietary Guidelines. Children with good diets absorb less lead.
Many homes built before 1978 have lead-based paint. The federal government banned lead-based paint from housing in 1978. In general, the older your home, the more likely it has lead-based paint. Lead-based paint may have been used inside or outside of an older home. Peeling, chipping, or cracking lead-based paint may be a health hazard and needs immediate attention. Check surfaces that children can chew on or that get a lot of wear-and-tear. These surfaces include:
- Windows and window sills,
- Doors and door frames,
- Stairs, railings and banisters,
- Porches and fences,
- Vinyl blinds and
Lead dust, which may be hard to see, can also be health hazard. Lead dust can form when lead-based paint is dry scraped, dry sanded or heated. Dust also forms when painted surfaces bump or rub together. Lead chips and dust can get on surfaces and objects that people touch. Settled lead dust can re-enter the air when people vacuum, sweep or walk through it.
Note that lead-based paint that is in good condition is usually not a health hazard. As long as the painting surface is in good condition, it is ok paint over lead-based paint with new paint to cover it up. This is safe and will help prevent the lead-based paint from becoming a problem.
Years ago non-glossy, vinyl mini-blinds were discovered to be a lead hazard, especially to young children. Sunlight and heat would break down these blinds and could then release lead-contaminated dust.
Older homes might have old plumbing with lead pipes or lead solder. Over time, small pieces of lead may break loose and get into the water. You cannot see, smell or taste lead in water. Boiling water will not get rid of lead. If you think your plumbing has lead in it, then run the water for 15 to 30 seconds before drinking it. Also, use only cold water for drinking and cooking.
If you work with or around lead in your job, you can bring it home on your hands, clothes or shoes. After work you should shower and change clothes before going home. Keep your work boots at work or in the trunk of your car. Wash work clothes separately from the rest of your family's clothes.
Old toys or furniture might have been painted with lead-based paint. Unfortunately, some new toys and jewelry were discovered to contain lead. Lead was found in the paint, vinyl, or metal parts from toys and jewelry manufactured in China. Stronger trade rules and corporate policies are working to keep lead out of toys sold in the United States.
Some folk remedies contain lead. Products such as greta and azarcon have been used to treat an upset stomach. These products contain lead and can be more harmful than helpful. Also, some candies imported from Mexico have been found to contain dangerous amounts of lead, absorbed from the colorful candy wrappers.
Some hobbies or arts-and-crafts use lead. For example, lead is in fishing sinkers, stained glass, battery casings and shotgun pellets. Other hobbies that may use lead include making pottery, stained glass or refinishing furniture. Lead crystal or lead-glazed pottery should not be used for foods or liquids.
A simple blood test can tell how much lead is in blood. Because children are at greater risk from lead exposure, children up to six years old should have periodic blood lead tests performed by a family doctor or local health department. Older children or adults can have blood lead tests performed as needed. Most people have blood lead test results below 5 micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood (µg/dL). For more information on blood lead testing see the Tennessee Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program website.
If you suspect that your house has lead hazards, you can do the following to reduce your family's risk:
- If you rent, notify your landlord of peeling or chipping paint.
- Clean up paint chips immediately.
- Clean floors, window frames, window sills and other surfaces weekly.
- Wet clean with a mop, sponge or towel using warm water and all-purpose cleaner.
- Thoroughly rinse sponges and mop heads after cleaning dirty or dusty areas.
- Wash children's hands often, especially before they eat or sleep.
- Keep play areas clean; regularly wash bottles, pacifiers, toys and stuffed animals.
- Make sure children eat healthy and nutritious meals.
The Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation has a program to ensure that persons who professionally cleanup lead-based paint are properly trained. If you need to hire someone to cleanup lead-based paint in your home, school, or business, then they should be certified. Contact the Lead-Based Paint Abatement Program for more information. Tennessee offers a toll-free hotline at 1-888-771-LEAD (5323).
When you hire a certified lead-based paint abatement professional it will help to ensure that lead cleanup work is done safely and effectively.
Many houses and apartments built before 1978 have paint that contains lead. Lead from paint, chips and dust can pose a health hazard if not taken care of properly. Federal law requires that individuals receive certain information before renting or buying pre-1978 housing. The Residential Lead-Based Paint Disclosure Program mandates that:
LANDLORDS have to disclose known information on lead-based paint and lead-based paint hazards before leases take effect. Leases must include a disclosure form about lead-based paint.
SELLERS have to disclose known information on lead-based paint and lead-based paint hazards before selling a house. Sales contracts must include a disclosure form about lead-based paint. Buyers have up to ten days to check for lead hazards.
Beginning in April 2010, federal law will require that contractors performing renovation, repair and painting projects that disturb lead-based paint in homes, child care facilities and schools built before 1978 must be certified and follow specific work practices to prevent lead contamination. Until then, EPA recommends that anyone performing renovation, repair and painting projects that disturb lead-based paint in pre-1978 homes, child care facilities and schools follow lead-safe work practices. Three simple procedures: containing the work area, minimizing dust, and cleaning up thoroughly, will help prevent lead contamination. Read more about requirements for renovation, repair and painting on the EPA’s lead website.
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In today’s global economy, electronic commerce — or ecommerce as it’s more commonly known — is the practice of conducting business on the Internet or via electronic computer-enabled systems that are networked. In order to compete on a worldwide scale, many companies promote and sell their products and services by using an ecommerce model on websites and through the efforts of online marketing and social media. Ecommerce management refers to how this process is handled in accordance to best business practices and international laws.
The amount of international trade that is managed online continues to grow as more consumers turn to the Internet as a source of information. In addition, consumers enjoy convenient access to products and services that may not be available through traditional means or from local resources and retailers. Being able to manage the overall process of maintaining an ecommerce business is the responsibility of skilled ecommerce management professionals. In many cases the entire ecommerce system is handled by an in-house team of skilled information technology and sales professionals or it may outsource to an ecommerce vendor.
Many private and nonprofit organizations as well as private membership associations also use some form of ecommerce management to promote and support their mission. Individuals that wish to participate in the goals of each organization are then able to gather information and make financial contributions directly from the ecommerce website or computer-aided system provided online. This convenient method of obtaining information and processing financial activities is handled by special ecommerce managers familiar with this type of activity.
Government agencies and public utilities also often have ecommerce management systems to share information and create access to resources needed by citizens. For ecommerce management to best succeed in a government, utility or other public agency environment, all sensitive information exchanged must be carefully obtained and kept secure at all times by the ecommerce team. Activities such as registering vehicles, changing mailing address, paying for utility invoices or applying for assistance programs are made easier by using the ecommerce model.
Another important ecommerce management practice takes place in business-to-business transactions. This occurs when companies that do regular business need to safely transfer confidential information or make financial transactions from one company to another. Each business must have some form of an ecommerce system available in order for this to occur, because it requires the management of secure information, resources and monies. In many cases, businesses rely on an outside ecommerce provider such as a banking institution or a contracted vendor that has a secure network with which to make the exchange efficiently.
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While some cannot imagine a sunny day that lasts for months, it is quite normal for people in many parts of the world. For them, it is a time to stay awake, begin the day earlier than normal, and enjoy all the amazing adventures throughout the day and even into the night. This period also means that time becomes almost inconsequential and the body receives extra energy to stay active. But what exactly is the midnight sun and where does this fascinating phenomenon occur in the world?
It Is A Season Of Endless Sunshine
The midnight sun is a natural occurrence where the sun remains above the horizon for more than 24 hours in certain parts of the earth. Simply put, it is a time of the year when the sun remains visible even during the area's local midnight. This natural phenomenon occurs due to the earth’s tilted rotation on its axis and around the sun. The tilt stands at approximately 23.50 from the vertical which causes part of the earth at the arctic circle and the antarctic circle to become completely exposed to sunlight at certain periods of the year. In the arctic circle, the midnight sun occurs during the summer solstice while it occurs during the winter solstice in the antarctic circle.
One interesting thing about the midnight sun is that it is in different magnitudes. During the day, it is the brightest (obviously) while at night, the sun retains the type of light that characterizes sunsets, thereby making it a mesmerizing sight to behold.
Where Does The Midnight Sun Occur?
The midnight sun occurs in territories located within the arctic circle and the antarctic circle and there is a difference in magnitude within the territories. For the arctic circle, some regions farther from the northernmost parts of these territories do not experience the midnight sun in its entirety like those close enough or located in the northernmost parts and this difference in the magnitude creates unique sights that differ from place to place.
The midnight sun can be seen in the Antarctic circle but this part of the earth is largely uninhabited by humans although some research stations are located there. This, therefore, means that the Arctic Circle is the most popular place to experience the midnight sun as it includes many Nordic countries. The Land of the midnight sun is a title used to identify parts of the world that experience the midnight sun and these are the places to find this unique natural phenomenon.
While many Nordic countries experience the midnight sun, Norway is unarguably the most popular destination to experience this natural phenomenon and it is at its best in the northern parts of the country. In Svalbard - the northernmost part of Norway and Europe, the experience lasts for up to 4 months; beginning from mid-April to late August. Other scenic towns in Norway such as Tromsø, Kirkenes, Lofoten Islands, and North Cape also experience exciting periods of the midnight sun.
The midnight sun in Iceland can be seen for the greater part of the day, and sometimes, the atmosphere remains bright after sunset until the next sunrise about 3 - 4 hours later. The duration of the sun gradually increases from 18 - 20 hours in May and reaches its peak of 20 - 21 hours in June before gradually reducing in July and August where the sun is visible anywhere from 18 - 14 hours.
In Iceland, the magnitude of the midnight sun increases the further north one travels. Akureyri and Ísafjörður are some of the best places to witness the midnight sun in Iceland and Reyjavik comes behind these towns.
In Greenland’s northernmost towns, the midnight sun is visible from late April to late August. The beautiful colors it brings to the rugged landscape of this island make the experience here worth having at least once. Towns such as Qaanaaq, Nuuk, Upernavik, and Uummannaq are the best places to see the midnight sun in Greenland as the experience lasts the longest there. In regions located on the southerly parts of the island, the midnight sun is generally not visible although the light from the sun reaches these places so there is no darkness.
All parts of Finland experience the midnight sun although it is more visible and intense when one travels further north of Finland. The midnight sun lasts more than 70 days in Finland and the best place to witness the natural phenomenon here is Lapland but Helsinki also offers a surreal experience.
In Swedish Lapland which is the northernmost part of Sweden, the midnight sun remains visible for nearly 60 days from May 27 - July 18, and the sunlight hours tend to reduce the further away one is from this region. Abisko and Jokkmokk are some of the best places to see the midnight sun in Sweden.
Alaska is the northernmost state in the U.S. and this has somehow placed it in the position to also experience the unique midnight sun and beautiful northern lights as well. For more than 70 days, the sun remains above the horizon in this state making it one of the lands of the midnight sun. Fairbanks is without doubt the best place to experience this natural phenomenon in Alaska.
Canada’s arctic region is the land of the midnight sun as the sun does not set during the summer months there. Inuvik - one of Canada's northernmost regions even experience this natural phenomenon for up to 56 days. Southerly parts of the country also share from this endless daylight but the midnight sun is not usually visible in these areas.
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<urn:uuid:7f8f433c-fba1-4b2e-a835-b832c6463f8b>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.thetravel.com/what-is-the-midnight-sun-who-experiences-it/
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz
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en
| 0.944435
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Frida A. Zink, Luke R. Tembrock, Alicia E. Timm, Roxanne E. Farris, Omaththage P. Perera, andTodd M. Gilligan
Published: May 31, 2017
Journal : Plos One
Moths in the genus Helicoverpa are some of the most important agricultural pests in the world. Two species, H. armigera (Hübner) and H. zea (Boddie), cause the majority of damage to crops and millions of dollars are spent annually on control of these pests. The recent introduction of H. armigera into the New World has prompted extensive survey efforts for this species in the United States. Surveys are conducted using bucket traps baited with H. armigera pheromone, and, because the same pheromone compounds attract both species, these traps often capture large numbers of the native H. zea. Adult H. armigera and H. zea are very similar and can only be separated morphologically by minor differences in the genitalia. Thus, a time consuming genitalic dissection by a trained specialist is necessary to reliably identify either species, and every specimen must be dissected. Several molecular methods are available for differentiating and identifying H. armigera and H. zea, including two recently developed rapid protocols using real-time PCR. However, none of the published methods are capable of screening specimens in large batches. Here we detail a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay that is capable of detecting a single H. armigera in a background of up to 999 H. zea. The assay has been tested using bulk extractions of 1,000 legs from actual trap samples and is effective even when using poor quality samples. This study provides an efficient, rapid, reproducible, and scalable method for processing H. armigera survey trap samples in the U.S. and demonstrates the potential for applying ddPCR technology to screen and diagnose invasive species.
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<urn:uuid:e00f37b5-fbc5-4545-98f1-cf6b97d6e963>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.gene-pi.com/2017/05/01/a-droplet-digital-pcr-ddpcr-assay-to-detect-helicoverpa-armigera-lepidoptera-noctuidae-in-bulk-trap-samples/
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President Donald Trump lashed out at Amazon in a tweet saying the company pays "little to not taxes to state and local governments." After his viral comments, the company's stock slumped 4 percent. Trump claimed that he wants to "go after them."
I have stated my concerns with Amazon long before the Election. Unlike others, they pay little or no taxes to state & local governments, use our Postal System as their Delivery Boy (causing tremendous loss to the U.S.), and are putting many thousands of retailers out of business!— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) March 29, 2018
The Supreme Court will hear arguments whether all states can require online retailers to collect sales tax from consumers later this year.
Several states believe that online retailers should have to collect sales tax, even if the company doesn't have a physical presence in the area. In 1992, the Supreme Court ruled that states couldn't collect sales taxes gathered by mail-order catalog companies unless it had a physical presence in the state. However, in the era of Amazon, many are arguing that things have to change.
According to Wall Street analysts, Amazon does collect sales tax from consumers in 45 states and D.C.. It is possible that Trump could be referring to third-party sellers on the platform, which make up as much as 50 percent of Amazon's volume.
Trump has criticized Amazon in the past, saying that the company is hurting the retail industry and cutting jobs.
Amazon is doing great damage to tax paying retailers. Towns, cities and states throughout the U.S. are being hurt - many jobs being lost!— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) August 16, 2017
White house press secretary Sarah Huckabee told reporters that there were currently no plans or actions to push forward against Amazon.
To read the full original article, please click here.
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<urn:uuid:0215b415-27b7-463d-8121-d37011fee8cf>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.sdcexec.com/software-technology/news/20998703/trump-slams-amazon-shares-drop
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This resource identifies how the growth of tourism can help reduce the development gap. Students consider the positive and negative impacts of tourism by completing a card sort activity. They then carry out a web enquiry, evaluating a number of different safari holidays and their effectiveness in terms of reducing the development gap. This task could be completed as an individual, paired or group task and offers good opportunities for class discussion.
Have you used this resource?Review this resource
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<urn:uuid:b7819e00-59cd-4c21-be4b-8297edb9dc4a>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.teachit.co.uk/resources/geography/reducing-development-gap-tourism
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Diseases are infections that affect our day-to-day wellbeing by bringing up some symptoms that make us uncomfortable. Sexually Transmitted Infections are a type of disease that spreads from one person to another via intimate contact. Similarly, every disease has its own transmission mechanism that infected one person to another. In this article, we walk you through to explain how can STDs spread and a common question on “Can STDs be spread via kissing?”.
What are STDs?
Sexually Transmitted Diseases are highly contagious infections that spread from one person to another through sexual contact – be it anal, vaginal, or even oral sex. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), more than 1 million new cases of STDs are acquired every day across the globe.
The United States is recording an increasing amount of new STD cases every year according to the data from Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). More than half of the reported cases are from young people who fall between the age group of 15 to 24. Some STDs, women are more seeming prone and have reported a higher number of cases than men.
Types of STDs
STDs are of a variety of forms and each one of the STDs is different from one another. According to one study, there are more than 20 different types of STDs prevalent in the United States and around the globe. However, not all of them are highly contagious and seen everywhere. A handful of them, around 6 types of STDs are taking the major toll of new STD cases. Following are the 6 types of most commonly seen STDs –
Symptoms of STDs
Unlike other diseases, symptoms of Sexually Transmitted Diseases do not exhibit in the very initial stage. Like an allergy or flu, where the symptoms immediately occur indicating something foreign has entered your system triggering the signs and allergic reactions. However, that is not the case with STDs. Symptoms may not occur immediately and the virus or bacteria that has entered the body can remain undercover for a long period, say multiple days, or weeks even months in some cases.
Following are the symptoms of STDs in men and women –
Symptoms in women
- Unusual vaginal discharge
- Painful urination
- Pain during sexual intercourse
- Lower abdominal pain
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
Symptoms in men
- Thick penile discharge
- Burning sensation while urinating
- Swollen testicles
- Anal itching
- Irritation inside the penis
- Painful bowel movements
Can you get STD from Kissing?
Since STDs are a type of infection that most people do not like to talk about it openly to anyone, even with their close people. boyfriends or girlfriends to at least cause awareness. Most of the time STDs transmit one via sexual contact and not by any other means by touching the infected person. However, some STDs have certain other modes of transmitting the diseases from one person to another, they include interchanging the sex toys, accepting blood donations from unscreened people, and sometimes even through kissing.
People who engage in oral sex, have a high probability of getting the infection orally and can see symptoms around the mouth like sores and warts. When you kiss the infected person and by touching warts or sores on their mouth, you can also contract the STD.
However, not all STDs have the ability to transmit by these modes. Following are some of the types that can spread the infection by just kissing –
- Herpes (HSV)
STDs and Kissing: Herpes
Herpes is a viral infection caused by Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and they are categorized into two different types, based on the infection site. Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1) is associated with cold sores and mouth lesions – commonly known as Oral Herpes. On the other hand, Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2) infects the genital area, thus the name of HSV-2 as Genital Herpes. Both the strains are highly contagious and have no complete cure to date.
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), Oral Herpes has affected are more than 3.7 billion people under age 50 around the world. Oral herpes is the type that can easily spread through kissing. Sings of oral herpes are blisters in your mouth (clear, pink, red, yellow, or gray in color), sore throat, pain while eating or swallowing.
STDs and Kissing: Syphilis
Unlike Herpes, Syphilis is a bacterial infection that is treatable if addressed in its initial stage. Syphilis STD slowly but steadily causes symptoms as the bacteria progresses in three phases namely – primary stage, secondary stage, and final stage. Syphilis can also spread via kissing. During the first stage, symptoms occur as sores around the mouth, commonly known as chancres. Other symptoms of Syphilis include fever, skin rash, joint pain, hair loss, headache, and loss of appetite.
Since most of the STDs do not cause any symptoms in the initial phase, it becomes even harder to assess, detect and diagnose the infection in the early stages.
STDs and Kissing: Mononucleosis
Mononucleosis or Monospot is caused by a virus called Espin-bar-virus (EBV). This virus is most commonly known for spreading just through kissing – it is also commonly known as the “kissing disease”. If you suspect having mono disease, don’t kiss anyone or share things like drinking glasses, eating utensils, or toothbrushes where your salivary fluids can get transmitted to the other person. Read more in-depth about Mononucleosis here.
How are STDs Treated?
If you have been sexually active and suspect of being infected with an STD compared with the symptoms above mentioned, then get tested for STDs to confirm your condition. If the test comes positive, then your doctor will evaluate which STD you are infected with and what is your current stage. Assessing that, you shall be prescribed medicine to stop the bacteria from spreading further and the symptoms will being to reduce and go away after the course is ended.
Can STDs be Completely Cured?
When it comes to complete cures, there may not be answers for certain types of STDs. Some types of STDs that are caused by viruses cannot be cured completely as there is no medicine or drug that can put a full stop to the infection. On the other hand, if you are infected with bacteria causing STDs like Chlamydia, or Gonorrhea, then there are antibiotics that can completely terminate the invaded pathogen and stop the spread.
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<urn:uuid:0b8d9f46-455e-4712-8def-b9f184dae2e8>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://www.stdtestguru.com/stds-and-kissing/
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- English Standard Version
- King James Version
1And they brought in the ark of God and set it inside the tent that David had pitched for it, and they offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before God. 2And when David had finished offering the burnt offerings and the peace offerings, he blessed the people in the name of the Lord 3and distributed to all Israel, both men and women, to each a loaf of bread, a portion of meat, and a cake of raisins. 4Then he appointed some of the Levites as ministers before the ark of the Lord, to invoke, to thank, and to praise the Lord, the God of Israel. 5Asaph was the chief, and second to him were Zechariah, Jeiel, Shemiramoth, Jehiel, Mattithiah, Eliab, Benaiah, Obed-edom, and Jeiel, who were to play harps and lyres; Asaph was to sound the cymbals, 6and Benaiah and Jahaziel the priests were to blow trumpets regularly before the ark of the covenant of God. 7Then on that day David first appointed that thanksgiving be sung to the Lord by Asaph and his brothers. 8Oh give thanks to the Lord; call upon his name; make known his deeds among the peoples! 9Sing to him, sing praises to him; tell of all his wondrous works! 10Glory in his holy name; let the hearts of those who seek the Lord rejoice! 11Seek the Lord and his strength; seek his presence continually! 12Remember the wondrous works that he has done, his miracles and the judgments he uttered, 13O offspring of Israel his servant, children of Jacob, his chosen ones! 14He is the Lord our God; his judgments are in all the earth. 15Remember his covenant forever, the word that he commanded, for a thousand generations, 16the covenant that he made with Abraham, his sworn promise to Isaac, 17which he confirmed to Jacob as a statute, to Israel as an everlasting covenant, 18saying, To you I will give the land of Canaan, as your portion for an inheritance. 19When you were few in number, of little account, and sojourners in it, 20wandering from nation to nation, from one kingdom to another people, 21he allowed no one to oppress them; he rebuked kings on their account, 22saying, Touch not my anointed ones, do my prophets no harm! 23Sing to the Lord, all the earth! Tell of his salvation from day to day. 24Declare his glory among the nations, his marvelous works among all the peoples! 25For great is the Lord, and greatly to be praised, and he is to be feared above all gods. 26For all the gods of the peoples are worthless idols, but the Lord made the heavens. 27Splendor and majesty are before him; strength and joy are in his place. 28Ascribe to the Lord, O families of the peoples, ascribe to the Lord glory and strength! 29Ascribe to the Lord the glory due his name; bring an offering and come before him! Worship the Lord in the splendor of holiness; 30tremble before him, all the earth; yes, the world is established; it shall never be moved. 31Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice, and let them say among the nations, The Lord reigns! 32Let the sea roar, and all that fills it; let the field exult, and everything in it! 33Then shall the trees of the forest sing for joy before the Lord, for he comes to judge the earth. 34Oh give thanks to the Lord, for he is good; for his steadfast love endures forever! 35Say also: Save us, O God of our salvation, and gather and deliver us from among the nations, that we may give thanks to your holy name and glory in your praise. 36Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel, from everlasting to everlasting! Then all the people said, Amen! and praised the Lord. 37So David left Asaph and his brothers there before the ark of the covenant of the Lord to minister regularly before the ark as each day required, 38and also Obed-edom and his sixty-eight brothers, while Obed-edom, the son of Jeduthun, and Hosah were to be gatekeepers. 39And he left Zadok the priest and his brothers the priests before the tabernacle of the Lord in the high place that was at Gibeon 40to offer burnt offerings to the Lord on the altar of burnt offering regularly morning and evening, to do all that is written in the Law of the Lord that he commanded Israel. 41With them were Heman and Jeduthun and the rest of those chosen and expressly named to give thanks to the Lord, for his steadfast love endures forever. 42Heman and Jeduthun had trumpets and cymbals for the music and instruments for sacred song. The sons of Jeduthun were appointed to the gate. 43Then all the people departed each to his house, and David went home to bless his household.
1So they brought the ark of God, and set it in the midst of the tent that David had pitched for it: and they offered burnt sacrifices and peace offerings before God. 2And when David had made an end of offering the burnt offerings and the peace offerings, he blessed the people in the name of the LORD. 3And he dealt to every one of Israel, both man and woman, to every one a loaf of bread, and a good piece of flesh, and a flagon of wine. 4And he appointed certain of the Levites to minister before the ark of the LORD, and to record, and to thank and praise the LORD God of Israel: 5Asaph the chief, and next to him Zechariah, Jeiel, and Shemiramoth, and Jehiel, and Mattithiah, and Eliab, and Benaiah, and Obededom: and Jeiel with psalteries and with harps; but Asaph made a sound with cymbals; 6Benaiah also and Jahaziel the priests with trumpets continually before the ark of the covenant of God. 7Then on that day David delivered first this psalm to thank the LORD into the hand of Asaph and his brethren. 8Give thanks unto the LORD, call upon his name, make known his deeds among the people. 9Sing unto him, sing psalms unto him, talk ye of all his wondrous works. 10Glory ye in his holy name: let the heart of them rejoice that seek the LORD. 11Seek the LORD and his strength, seek his face continually. 12Remember his marvelous works that he hath done, his wonders, and the judgments of his mouth; 13O ye seed of Israel his servant, ye children of Jacob, his chosen ones. 14He is the LORD our God; his judgments are in all the earth. 15Be ye mindful always of his covenant; the word which he commanded to a thousand generations; 16Even of the covenant which he made with Abraham, and of his oath unto Isaac; 17And hath confirmed the same to Jacob for a law, and to Israel for an everlasting covenant, 18Saying, Unto thee will I give the land of Canaan, the lot of your inheritance; 19When ye were but few, even a few, and strangers in it. 20And when they went from nation to nation, and from one kingdom to another people; 21He suffered no man to do them wrong: yea, he reproved kings for their sakes, 22Saying, Touch not mine anointed, and do my prophets no harm. 23Sing unto the LORD, all the earth; show forth from day to day his salvation. 24Declare his glory among the heathen; his marvelous works among all nations. 25For great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised: he also is to be feared above all gods. 26For all the gods of the people are idols: but the LORD made the heavens. 27Glory and honor are in his presence; strength and gladness are in his place. 28Give unto the LORD, ye kindred of the people, give unto the LORD glory and strength. 29Give unto the LORD the glory due unto his name: bring an offering, and come before him: worship the LORD in the beauty of holiness. 30Fear before him, all the earth: the world also shall be stable, that it be not moved. 31Let the heavens be glad, and let the earth rejoice: and let men say among the nations, The LORD reigneth. 32Let the sea roar, and the fulness thereof: let the fields rejoice, and all that is therein. 33Then shall the trees of the wood sing out at the presence of the LORD, because he cometh to judge the earth. 34O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good; for his mercy endureth for ever. 35And say ye, Save us, O God of our salvation, and gather us together, and deliver us from the heathen, that we may give thanks to thy holy name, and glory in thy praise. 36Blessed be the LORD God of Israel for ever and ever. And all the people said, Amen, and praised the LORD. 37So he left there before the ark of the covenant of the LORD Asaph and his brethren, to minister before the ark continually, as every day's work required: 38And Obededom with their brethren, threescore and eight; Obededom also the son of Jeduthun and Hosah to be porters: 39And Zadok the priest, and his brethren the priests, before the tabernacle of the LORD in the high place that was at Gibeon, 40To offer burnt offerings unto the LORD upon the altar of the burnt offering continually morning and evening, and to do according to all that is written in the law of the LORD, which he commanded Israel; 41And with them Heman and Jeduthun, and the rest that were chosen, who were expressed by name, to give thanks to the LORD, because his mercy endureth for ever; 42And with them Heman and Jeduthun with trumpets and cymbals for those that should make a sound, and with musical instruments of God. And the sons of Jeduthun were porters. 43And all the people departed every man to his house: and David returned to bless his house.
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<urn:uuid:8142a195-8415-4d87-b77f-afc32f95875a>
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https://crossref-it.info/bible/1-chronicles/16
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The closest thing we have to using ITAR to regulate "software" would be 3D printed gun CAD files. Specifically a company called Defense Distributed makes CAD files for 3D printed guns and the US government used ITAR to stop them from distributing the files online
On Thursday, Defense Distributed founder Cody Wilson received a letter from the State Department Office of Defense Trade Controls Compliance demanding that he take down the online blueprints for the 3D-printable "Liberator" handgun that his group released Monday, along with nine other 3D-printable firearms components hosted on the group's website Defcad.org. The government says it wants to review the files for compliance with arms export control laws known as the International Traffic in Arms Regulations, or ITAR. By uploading the weapons files to the Internet and allowing them to be downloaded abroad, the letter implies Wilson's high-tech gun group may have violated those export controls.
"Until the Department provides Defense Distributed with final [commodity jurisdiction] determinations, Defense Distributed should treat the above technical data as ITAR-controlled," reads the letter, referring to a list of ten CAD files hosted on Defcad that include the 3D-printable gun, silencers, sights and other pieces. "This means that all data should be removed from public acces immediately. Defense Distributed should review the remainder of the data made public on its website to determine whether any other data may be similarly controlled and proceed according to ITAR requirements."
This created a long-running legal battle that saw the Feds give in in 2018
The Justice Department has reached a settlement with the Second Amendment Foundation and Defense Distributed, a collective that organizes, promotes, and distributes technologies to help home gun-makers. Under the agreement, which resolved a suit filed by the two groups in 2015, Americans may "access, discuss, use, reproduce or otherwise benefit from the technical data" that the government had previously ordered Defense Distributed to cease distributing.
The files are (as of 2020) available online again (it's complicated still, but that's outside the scope of Space.SE).
Rockets != Guns
For starters, the Second Amendment doesn't apply to rockets.
Relativity Space uses CAD files to 3D print rocket engines, and they are subject in some regards to ITAR
“We’ve developed our own custom software tools to just streamline those workflows, that really helped,” Ellis said. “Also, just being more of a cloud-enabled company, while still complying with ITAR and security protocols, has been really, really advantageous as well.”
That's the only quote from them regarding ITAR I can find. There's no indication what parts of their rocket are subject to it. So it's possible that the CAD files themselves are not subject to ITAR (Relativity isn't exactly using a printer you can just run out and buy, unlike Defense Distributed). And the design of rocket engines isn't exactly that much of a secret (or the Russians wouldn't have sold us theirs). But we're talking CAD files. The software to launch a rocket is still something you have to get right. I could see ITAR being used to force it to be removed. The question there is would someone be crazy enough to build a rocket using open-source software that isn't flight-proven?
We probably won't know until someone tries
My Magic 8-Ball says "Signs point to no", but there's no on-point precedent. Either way, the US tends to err on the side of "All rockets are subject to ITAR".
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<urn:uuid:864c5d13-2f8a-4153-a15b-8636d461571f>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/43852/can-i-release-rocket-plans-or-software-under-open-source-licensing-without-runni
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz
|
en
| 0.956108
| 751
| 1.8125
| 2
|
In India, the hospitality industry is evolving to the contemporary needs as they resume services after lockdown. The central and state governments have issued standard operating procedures and the change is visible at the hotels, eateries and monuments. The security scan at entrances has thermal screening and sanitization added to the checks, the lobbies are being sanitized more often and the staff is more cautious than before.
Many services are turning contactless, while there are many more that cannot be robotized for now. Amid the scenario, those in the sector may be required to acquire additional skills or even reskill for the safety procedures. The managers also have to relearn to study the market trends, the finances would need to be reworked to ensure that the ‘safety protocols’ do not make the visitors stay awkwardly expensive. There will still be things such as travel restrictions and infection prevalence in the local city that would stay beyond control or vision of the tourism and hospitality stakeholders. The sector thus must return to a ‘new normal’ with baby steps.
These visitors, local or foreign alike would prefer a destination where they can be assured of the safety standards. Increase in area per cover, partition per table outdoor seating, live cooking for guests to see every step of food production, use of digital menus, disposable crockery and cutlery napkins, drive through online food delivery and take outs are going to be the order of the day. For businesses travellers, city hotels may continue to be boarding and lodging places only this time with strict SOPs for Covid-19, however, leisure travel is going to be resort centric with a lot of open space. Among this may also be a class of those that might not be feeling explorative enough but are looking to spend some quality time with friends and family in a protective environment. The heritage and theme hotels and luxurious resorts may come as their first preference if provided with the set of other desired facilities.
However, even as much the government may like the industry to regain its lost volume and turnover, it has its own limitations. They might not be able to waive the travel and gathering restrictions as the industry might wish or even arrange funds to suffice for a stimulus package in accordance to the industry needs.
As uncertainty prevails on the future of the industry and millions employed in the services, few rays of hope emerge from promising news coming from abroad. Vaccines of many drug companies are now in final stages of development and by the end of the year several countries are expected to begin the vaccination program. World Travel and Tourism Council is also devising the new travel protocols in consultation with various stakeholders and travel industry associations as confidence building measures and to set clear expectations and compliances for travellers including 'Immunity Passport’ for Tourists to confirm presence of Covid-19 Antibodies. The fact that almost 90 percent of the domestic hotels in China have resumed business and that the Wuhan province of the country, which reported the first outbreak of the virus is now returning to normal, is also an assurance of a better tomorrow for the industry. It is being assumed that by the winter season of 2021-22, business will be as usual for the Hospitality Industry in India. Once again there will be tourists arriving from all over the world to explore the mystic magnificence of India, its rich culture and grand heritage. The tourist would return but safety procedures are here to stay, the industry for now needs to display resilience and innovation along with its spirit to provide a safe and comfortable experience for the guest.
(The author of this article is Professor (DR.) Mushtaq Ahmed, Principal, Hospitality and Tourism Skills, Bhartiya Skill Development University, Jaipur)
(DISCLAIMER: The views expressed are solely of the author and ETHospitalityWorld.com does not necessarily subscribe to it. ETHospitalityWorld.com shall not be responsible for any damage caused to any person/organisation directly or indirectly.)
DISCLAIMER: The views expressed are solely of the author and ETHospitalityWorld.com does not necessarily subscribe to it. ETHospitalityWorld.com shall not be responsible for any damage caused to any person/organisation directly or indirectly.
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<urn:uuid:be920024-ee82-45f5-839d-8955e04a2832>
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CC-MAIN-2022-33
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https://hospitality.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/speaking-heads/post-covid-scenario-of-hospitality-and-tourism-industry-in-india/77817101
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s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00673.warc.gz
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While our questions have changed and adapted over the years, there are a few measures that have remained consistent. We have been tracking the aggregate changes of these measures since we began publishing the 2019 Report Card. Below you will see how these measures have progressed or digressed over the past 3 years.
Students per Academic Adviser
The image to the right displays the average number of students per academic advisor for all universities that participated in that given year. As the graph shows, the trend is that the number of students per academic advisor has been decreasing over time, which is a positive change because a lower ratio gives students more access to their academic advisors.
Mandatory Time Limit
The graph on the right illustrates the percentage of universities mandating a time limit policy for professors, either university-wide or departmentalized. As observed, this measure initially increased from 2019 to 2020, but decreased in 2021. There are two reasons for the decrease: different schools respond each year to the survey and schools attempted having time limits for professors in 2020 and decided not to maintain the policy. The downward trend from 2020 to 2021 is disheartening because mandating time limits for professors to return grades provides the students more opportunities to improve their grades or even drop a class if they deem necessary.
The charts to the left show the percentage of universities in each given year that have emergency funds available to students. In 2020, we saw a large increase in the percentage of schools with emergency funds available, however, in 2021 we saw that number drop slightly. There were schools that had funds available specifically in 2020 due to Covid-19 and it is also possible that the variance in schools surveyed by year was a partial cause for the increase and then decrease the following year.
Student Services and Interventions
in Good Academic Standing
The graph to the left shows the percentage of participating universities that are actually tracking whether a student who drops out is in good academic standing. The upward progression of schools tracking the students who are dropping out in good standing is positive. If schools are tracking why the students drop out of their university, they can identify the reasons students are dropping out and do a better job of counseling students to continue their education.
The graph to the right displays the cumulative percentage of students who are dropping out in good standing throughout the years surveyed. The downward trend of students dropping out in good academic standing is excellent because it means that less students are dropping out when they are having success in school.
Students per Mental Health Professional
The student per mental health professional ratio has decreased since 2019, meaning there are more mental health professionals for the students. This is a positive trend that allows students easier access to and less wait time to see mental health professionals. Mental health continues to be important to college students who are dealing with difficult adjustments with school and often being far from family. During Covid-19, access to mental health services is especially important for our FGLI students who are dealing with additional obstacles.
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Thirty Essential Nanotechnology Studies - #2
Overview of all studies: Because of the largely
unexpected transformational power of molecular manufacturing, it is urgent to
understand the issues raised. To date, there has not been anything approaching
an adequate study of these issues. CRN's recommended series of
thirty essential studies
is organized into five sections, covering fundamental theory, possible
technological capabilities, bootstrapping potential, product capabilities, and
policy questions. Several preliminary conclusions are stated, and because our
understanding points to a crisis, a parallel process of conducting the studies
CRN is actively looking for researchers interested in
performing or assisting with this work. Please contact CRN Research Director
Chris Phoenix if you would like more information or if you have comments on
the proposed studies.
what extent is molecular manufacturing counterintuitive and underappreciated
in a way that causes underestimation of its importance?
||To the extent that
the importance of molecular manufacturing (MM) is underestimated, it may not
be adequately studied or prepared for. Several factors may combine to create
substantial underestimates of MM's significance.
concentrated at the end of development — will projections from partial
progress or spinoffs underestimate benefits?
||The benefits of
molecular manufacturing come from automation and
autoproductivity. For example: suppose that parts and labor to build a
1-kg nanofactory cost $1000 per gram, and a million-dollar factory can make
100 kg of product in its lifetime. Then factory cost contributes $10 per
gram of product cost. If the factory can make 90% of its own parts with 90%
automation, then factory cost drops to about $110,000. But if the factory
can make and assemble 100% of its parts with full automation, then factory
cost (and product cost) drop to cost of raw materials: probably a few
dollars per kilogram.
||The first 90%
saves one order of magnitude product cost. The last 10% saves another
three orders of magnitude. And because molecular manufacturing builds
everything using the same bottom-up processes, the last 10% will probably be
the easiest to design—very different from conventional engineering.
complexity and functionality is not limited by manufacturing system
complexity — will projections from MM development difficulty overestimate
product development difficulty?
||A computer built
with a $4 billion semiconductor plant, containing a billion transistors and
millions of lines of software, can be programmed by a child to do simple
tasks. The software is key: it translates meaningful, easy-to-learn commands
into long sequences of basic operations. Likewise, once a product design
methodology is worked out that translates useful, easy-to-learn CAD
specifications into molecular manufacturing operations, anyone who can
create a CAD specification can design a product.
||That same computer
can be programmed by an expert to do trillions of operations and produce a
result more complex than its own physical structure, such as a design for a
better computer. Again, information is key: memory is physically repetitive
but can hold very complex patterns of data. Likewise, a programmable
nanofactory can make products physically more complex than itself by running
sufficiently complex blueprints.
manufacturing may be overshadowed by superficially similar technologies —
is there a risk that people will think they're studying MM when they're
actually studying something else?
include molecular manufacturing and may even be identified with it, since
that was the original meaning of the word as coined by
Eric Drexler. However, the loose constellation of fields called
'nanotechnology' covers everything from photonics to nanoparticles to
molecular electronics. Most nanoscale technology research today is unrelated
to molecular manufacturing. Current work in nanotechnology pursues nanoscale
products, not nanoscale productive systems (which can also make large
products). Policymakers who want to promote molecular manufacturing, but are
unaware of the distinction, may feel a false sense of security from reports
of successes in nanotechnology.
manufacturing is opposed by special interests — is study of it likely to be
stunted by political maneuvering?
||Study of molecular
manufacturing has already been stunted by politics. Mark Modzelewski,
founder of the U.S. NanoBusiness Alliance, has launched vituperative attacks
against commentators who dare to suggest that molecular manufacturing is
possible. Richard Smalley, advisor to the U.S. National Nanotechnology
Initiative leadership, has called for chemists to oppose the "fuzzy-minded
nightmare dream". The
NNI website declares that "nanobots" are "science fiction" and refers to
them as "creatures". [UPDATE: As of August 1, 2004, this
misleading entry has been removed from the NNI FAQ, apparently after
prodding from CRN and others.]
||This probably has
multiple motivations. Some researchers seem to be afraid that refocusing the
NNI toward molecular manufacturing would threaten their research funding.
Others might fear that admitting the possibility of nanobots (while failing
to distinguish simple industrial mechanisms from complex life-like systems)
would increase public fear of destructive or runaway nanotechnology. Some
opposition probably stems from simple incomprehension.
benefits of nanoscale physics (near-frictionless interfaces; perfectly
precise construction; scaling laws) are not widely known — would better
knowledge increase research and development?
||The problems of
nanoscale engineering are famous, perhaps overly so: thermal noise, sticky
surfaces, etc. But some alleged problems, like friction, go away when
atomically precise machines can be built. And almost no one talks about the
benefits, which are substantial.
are perfectly precise in their formulation: an atom is either in the right
place, or you have a different molecule. This means that fabrication can
benefit from absolute precision: there's no need to specify or account for a
that are atomically precise can be almost completely frictionless. This
quality, called 'superlubricity', was analyzed by Drexler in connection with
nanosystems and has recently been observed. Experience from high-friction
MEMS is misleading, since MEMS surfaces are quite imprecise and rough.
nanoscale effects, including thermal noise and springiness of molecules, are
generally seen as problems; their engineering benefits are substantial but
not generally appreciated. For example, thermal noise reduces friction and
can allow jammed machines to unjam themselves. Springy molecules allow less
exacting mechanical design.
inherently more efficient at smaller scales. For example, a meter-scale
robot arm may handle (produce) 1 kg/s with 100 W of friction. Eight
half-meter arms (the same mass) could handle 2 kg/s with 200 W of friction
at the same speed (twice the operating frequency). But throughput scales
linearly with speed, while friction in sliding interfaces scales roughly as
the square of the speed. So handling 1 kg/s should require only 50 W. If
this is scaled to 100-nm arms, then 10,000 kg/s can be handled with 1000 W
operations of programmable, automated manufacturing may be easier at the
nanoscale — will projections from conventional engineering overestimate
engineering uses many different parts built many different ways, usually
with top-down processes that must be re-engineered for each product and
involve many idiosyncratic operations. Programmable manufacturing is
therefore difficult and must be specially designed for each part and
process. By contrast, bottom-up manufacturing uses very few operations in
programmable sequence. It should be relatively easy to generate the sequence
algorithmically to produce the desired shapes and structures.
into products may also be easier to automate. Improved precision, material
properties, and feature size will make simple assembly techniques (e.g.
snap-fit) applicable to a wide variety of products.
||Nanotechnology has been the domain of scientists. Engineers have a much
faster approach to development. How will this affect progress?
||We have known that
the nanoscale existed since atoms and molecules were discovered. But only
recently has it become a realm where we can engineer, rather than merely
investigate. Investigation requires science, slow and careful experiment
punctuated by unpredictable insight. Engineering uses known rules to achieve
||We now know enough
of the nanoscale to predict, with the help of modeling software, what a
particular molecule or system will do. This knowledge is imperfect, but
sufficient to guide design. We also know some basic rule sets that appear
sufficient to design systems for a desired purpose. A novel protein fold has
been designed and tested. Many engineered shapes have been made with DNA.
Although we don't know nearly all there is to know about the nanoscale, we
can design shapes and interactions in a few key domains.
on what we don't know. Engineers focus on what we do know, and what can be
done with it. Nanoscale engineering, now that we know enough to do it, will
go much faster than scientists would estimate.
of molecular manufacturing is likely to be substantially underestimated by
any particular body. However, it is not hard to realize its importance, and
the relevant information and theory have been available for many years. If
one group comprehends the implications of the theory while others ignore it,
then that group may go ahead and develop the technology while others are not
even looking. This could lead to unpleasant surprises.
mechanically guided chemistry a viable basis for a manufacturing technology?
3. What is
the performance and potential of diamondoid machine-phase chemical
manufacturing and products?
4. What is the performance and potential of biological programmable
manufacturing and products?
5. What is the performance and potential of nucleic acid
manufacturing and products?
6. What other chemistries and options should be studied?
applicable sensing, manipulation, and fabrication tools exist?
8. What will be required to develop diamondoid machine-phase chemical
manufacturing and products?
9. What will be required to develop biological programmable
manufacturing and products?
10. What will be required to develop nucleic acid manufacturing and
11. How rapidly will the cost of development decrease?
12. How could an effective development program be structured?
13. What is
the probable capability of the manufacturing system?
14. How capable will the products be?
15. What will the products cost?
16. How rapidly could products be designed?
of today's products will the system make more accessible or cheaper?
18. What new products will the system make accessible?
19. What impact will the system have on production and distribution?
20. What effect will molecular manufacturing have on military and
government capability and planning, considering the implications of arms
races and unbalanced development?
21. What effect will this have on macro- and microeconomics?
22. How can proliferation and use of nanofactories and their products
23. What effect will this have on policing?
24. What beneficial or desirable effects could this have?
25. What effect could this have on civil rights and liberties?
26. What are the disaster/disruption scenarios?
27. What effect could this have on geopolitics?
28. What policies toward development of molecular manufacturing does
all this suggest?
29. What policies toward administration of
molecular manufacturing does all this suggest?
30. How can appropriate policy be made and implemented?
|Studies should begin
||The situation is
extremely urgent. The stakes are unprecedented, and the world is unprepared.
The basic findings of these studies should be verified as rapidly as
possible (months, not years). Policy preparation and planning for
implementation, likely including a crash development program, should begin
|
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Baskin-Robbins, a leading chain of ice cream specialty shops, invites guests to try its new Iced Cappy Blast beverage in a nationwide effort to help Feeding America, a domestic hunger-relief charity, provide up to one million meals for local food banks.
Through April 30th, Baskin-Robbins will donate one meal to Feeding America for each Iced Cappy Blast sold and for every new “Like” received on its Facebook page during the month-long campaign to help fight hunger.[ Also Read: Can Obama Jobs Plan Reduce Poverty in America? ]
Meanwhile, Whole Planet Foundation announced its 2012 Prosperity Campaign at Whole Foods Market, with the goal of raising $4.1 million to fund poverty alleviation projects across the globe and in the U.S.
Through Facebook, shoppers were asked to submit a 25 – 350 word essay on how their small actions are making a big impact for a chance to win a trip for two to India from Intrepid Travel. (Read: Whole Planet to Alleviate Poverty in the World)
“With nearly 49 million people – approximately 1 in 6 Americans – struggling every day with hunger, the support of our partners like Baskin-Robbins has never been more crucial,” said Leah Ray, VP of Corporate Relations at Feeding America.[ Also Read: 45 Million Indians Move above $1.25 a Day ]
Since 2007, Baskin-Robbins has had a national partnership with Feeding America through The Dunkin’ Donuts & Baskin-Robbins Community Foundation (DDBRCF), which serves the basic needs of local communities through food for the hungry, safety and children’s health.
Over the past four years, the DDBRCF has donated nearly $1 million to support local food banks and Baskin-Robbins franchisees have led food drives in the communities they serve and have organized volunteer days at their local food banks.
To find out what local food banks will benefit from the promotion, visit Feeding America’s food bank locator at http://feedingamerica.org/foodbank-results.aspx.
Support RMN News Service for Independent Fearless Journalism
In today’s media world controlled by corporates and politicians, it is extremely difficult for independent editorial voices to survive. Raman Media Network (RMN) News Service has been maintaining editorial freedom and offering objective content for the past more than 12 years despite enormous pressures and extreme threats. In order to serve you fearlessly in this cut-throat world, RMN News Service urges you to support us financially with your donations. You may please click here and choose the amount that you want to donate. Thank You. Rakesh Raman, Editor, RMN News Service.
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A rant about financial inequality
This is post is probably just going to be a bit of a rant.
But fuck it.
I’m forever seeing stuff on Facebook and the like pissing and moaning about inequality of wealth.
Now, I’m no expert when it comes to economics.
In fact, you should just take this as the ranting of a crazy person who has no idea what he’s talking about.
Or just skip this completely.
It’s all just my take on things, anyway.
But what I do understand is complex systems and the way they lead to what is famously known as the “80 / 20 Principle”.
Complexity is a lens through which I look at everything.
So here goes.
A study conducted in 2000 says around half of the world’s wealth belongs to the top 1% of people. The top 10% have 85%, and the remaining bottom 90% of people have just 15% of the world’s total wealth.
Blah blah blah.
yadda yadda yadda.
Is it fair?
But life isn’t fucking fair.
Ideally, everyone would be equal and poverty wouldn’t exist.
But the world doesn’t work like that.
Complex systems theory tells us this inequality of distribution exists for a reason. Human behaviour makes it like this. This isn’t just true of wealth. It’s true of everything (even the frequency at which words in a language are used follows the same pattern). Vilfredo Pareto discovered this wealth inequality a long time ago – again, the famous 80/20 rule – and nothing’s changed since then, and likely never will.
Human behaviour makes it like this.
It’s in our wiring.
If the bottom 90% died, guess what?
You would STILL see the same unequal distribution – yes, each would have more (to start with) because there would be fewer people. But very, very quickly the exact same economy would emerge. Just with fewer people.
You can’t change the system.
Because to do so is fighting against our own basic wiring.
I don’t believe financial equality will ever exist.
You might not like this.
And frankly, I don’t care if you don’t like it. Plenty of things we don’t like are true, after all.
Humans just aren’t wired up in this kind of way.
There’s a bloody good reason the top 1% are so rich, and there’s a bloody good reason why, for example, communism fails every. single. time.
You can’t change it.
Education and raising awareness can change the way complex systems operate but in most cases change in a system’s organisation is temporary. They quickly reorganise back to exactly how they were in the beginning, and the same old patterns emerge.
So I personally choose to work the system to my advantage instead of trying to fight it. If you can’t change something, stop farting around bitching and complaining about it, and do something.
Like I talked about in yesterday’s post, you can only control your own actions.
Wealth distribution will probably never be equal.
So I choose to become one of the rich.
Now, my definition of “rich” is perhaps a little different to what most consider rich. I define it in a similar way to Tim Ferris did his book, ‘The Four Hour Work Week’. Having enough that I don’t need to really ever worry about money… but putting my primary focus on freedom, and being able to live the kind of life I want (also often called ‘personal sovereignty’).
Hardly idealistic, I know.
But it’s realistic.
Yes, I’m in my business to do a good job. Yes, it matters to me that my clients get excellent results. It matters because I want to help them, but also because I know a sustainable business can only be built on getting excellent results.
I left my job as a secondary school teacher years ago – which I loved – because it was too limited. I’d already hit the top of what I could potentially do, and I was broke, overworked and stressed out. Yes, I loved my job. But no, I didn’t like being poor. So I left to work in a company. That didn’t work out either, so I started my own company. It was a risk – a fucking HUGE risk, something the pissers and moaners never seem to get – but it worked out well (and that’s not surprising considering how much I sacrificed to make it happen).
I’m certainly not in the top 1%.
Or even 10%.
Not even bloody close.
But I don’t care about that level of personal income, and anyway I’m doing far, far better than most people… because of conscious choices I make.
Before you start with the “well, you were just lucky your parents gave you everything” bullshit, they didn’t – I come from a family that was permanently broke, claiming a dole through social services and I clawed my way up from the bottom working long hours in factories so I afford to go to college and university. Well, in a sense I was lucky, I guess, because never wanting to live that kind of life was the core of my motivation.
I’ve got fuck all else to say on this for now.
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- Develop your clinical decision-making skills for a rural and remote setting and gain the qualifications required to effectively work as a remote nurse.
- Build an understanding of the legal framework supporting your practice.
- Benefit from work-based learning and advance your physical examination and diagnostic skills. You’ll build knowledge of specific drugs that registered nurses may need to obtain, supply and administer in an advanced practice context.
- You can fit study into your life and career while studying part-time and online.
After completing the Graduate Diploma of Nursing, you can take credit from these courses and continue to complete the Master of Nursing.
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Cancellations are already trickling in, as tourists fear the worst from the coronavirus outbreak.
Nearly 2,000 tourists from Korea and Japan have canceled their planned vacations to Guam and according to the Guam Visitors Bureau, that’s just the tip of the iceberg.
Bobby Alvarez, GVB acting president and CEO, says Guam’s tourism industry should brace for even more cancellations, at least until the virus can be contained.
While there are no reported cases of the disease on Guam, Alvarez says this is much like the SARS scare in 2003.
“Well, the general information that we’re getting, is these travelers are reluctant to be in crowded areas and to be in crowded airports. They’re basically afraid of their own airport. And the concern is not on Guam, it’s just they don’t want to be in a crowded airport in their hometown and in crowded places in their hometown. So, there is an alarm right now,” Alvarez
Alvarez says with tourism’s natural trickle-down effect in Guam, it will be the 21,000 men and women who work in the industry that are most affected.
“I think that there is concern about cancellations because the flights are already showing cancellations, so there’s going to be a cascading effect going down. If they cancel their flights, they’re going to obviously cancel hotels, which would probably affect tours that are going to be canceled, and rent-a-cars, and things that were put in place when they made their booking,” Alvarez said.
GVB is planning to hold a forum in the next couple of weeks to ease the concerns of industry and answer questions regarding the response plans to the virus outbreak.
Alvarez says he and his team are confident with all the plans that are in place to prevent the spread of the virus or deal with a case should one arise.
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The UK is committed to reducing its greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% by 2050, relative to 1990 levels. We need a transformation of the UK economy while ensuring secure, low carbon energy supplies to 2050, and face major choices about how to do this.
Search Clean Energy Policy Resources by Keyword
Search for resources by entering keywords in the box below or selecting them from the lists on the left.
The authors of this report review advances in energy efficiency legislation and how it has played out in the market through the year 2011. The report follows 25 energy efficiency policy recommendations made in prior years by the International Energy Agency.
This recorded webinar examines the Readiness for Investment in Sustainable Energy (RISE) project, which provides indicators for assessing the legal and regulatory landscape for investment in sustainable energy.
The public-private roundtable summarized on this web page describes how the transition to a global clean energy economy depends on the world's cities, which accounting for roughly 75 per cent of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
This report examines how ten countries have switched, or are planning to switch, from traditional fuels such as wood, coal, charcoal, animal waste and kerosene, to LPG as a cooking fuel.
This report examines those policies, regulations, and institutional capacities in the electricity sector that will direct both public and private investment towards sustainable energy options.
This website provides access to the International Energy Agency’s annual Energy Efficient Market Report.
This database describes energy efficiency policies and measures in about 90 countries. Information was collected with surveys in about 50 countries and literature reviews in the remaining, which included national energy efficiency plans and other maintained databases.
This report is the first in a series of three issue briefs on "Keys to Achieving Universal Energy Access," a three-day workshop held by WRI and the DOEN Foundation.
The public-private roundtable summarized on this web page addressed how an uptake of clean energy solutions requires public acceptance of new technologies and successful and efficient operation of clean energy installations.
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At East End Group We Take Safety Seriously
The health and well being of our team is of utmost importance. We strongly commit to providing a safe environment for everyone on the job site and throughout our organization. This commitment protects our people and client partners from the dangers, risks and liability inherent with construction and building services.
East End Group provides OSHA Training to all of its field personnel and management staff. In addition to this training employees attend daily Tool Box Talks, CPR and First Aid Training, Safety Committee Meetings, and Monthly Safety Training. The purpose of this training is to educate field personnel so they work intelligently and safely.
East End Group employs a full time Safety Coordinator who is responsible for the day to day safety of field operations. The Safety Coordinator performs jobsite safety audits, reviews safety documents and programs, enforces the written safety policy participates in field management meetings, provides employee training and communicates areas for improvement with the management team.
At East End Group our people are our greatest asset and we remain focused on limiting risk of all types in order to protect our employees and client partners.
Safety Training Topics Include:
- Physical Qualifications of Task Performance
- Personal Protective Equipment
- Mishap Reporting & Investigation
- Emergency Planning
- Medical, First Aid, and Proper Sanitation
- Setting Up Temporary Facilities & Structures
- Hazardous or Toxic Agents & Environments
- Proper Signage and Communication
- Fire Prevention and Protection
- Material Handling
- Fall Protection, Work Platforms and Scaffolding
- Power Tool and Equipment Safety
- Excavation and Trenching
- Steel Erection
- Confined Spaces
- Any many more…
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One of the greatest stadiums in the history of American sports stood on what was once a garbage dump.
Brooklyn Dodgers owner, Charlie Ebbets, needed a new home for his baseball team after their old venue, Washington Park, burned down. In 1908, Mr. Ebbets began buying parcels of land in Pigtown, a run-down area of Brooklyn that had gained its name from the pigs that used to eat the garbage that was dumped there. Four years later, the Dodgers owner had acquired the entire block bordered by Beford Avenue, Sullivan Place, McKeever Place and Montgomery Street and construction got underway on a new ballpark on March 14, 1912, about one month before the sinking of RMS Titanic. The stadium sat virtually alone amid a vacant expanse of undeveloped land in Brooklyn’s Flatbush section and was built for $ 750,000 [nearly $18 million today]. Ebbets Field formally opened on April 9, 1913 when the Dodgers played host to the Philadelphia Phillies before 10,000 paying customers. The visitors won, 1-0, and would go on to finish in second place in the National League, 12.5 games back of the New York Giants, while the Dodgers went 65-84 on the season to finish 34.5 games behind. The 18,000 seat park opened without a flag or press box, which was not added until 1929, and offered no seating in left or centerfield. Ebbets Field was built on a sloping piece of ground, as the right field corner was above street level while the left field corner was below street level. In 1914, seating capacity was expanded from 18,000 to 30,000.
Ebbets Field opened one year after Boston’s Fenway Park and Detroit’s Navin Field [later Tiger Stadium] and its intimate configuration led baseball writers to refer to the park as a “bandbox.” The distance from home plate to the left field foul pole was 348 feet, while the right field foul line was only 297 feet away. Dead center field was a monstrous 484 feet from the plate. The distance to left-centerfield was 351 feet and right-center 344 feet away. The Dodgers won pennants in their new home in 1916 and 1920 before falling into decline in the 1920s and 30s. The ball park hosted Manhattan College’s football team from 1932-1937 and was the home field of the NFL’s New York Brickley Giants and Brooklyn Lions . Ebbets Field twice hosted Dodger football teams—the NFL’s Brooklyn club [1930-44] and AAFC’s Brooklyn squad [1946-48]. The venerable stadium hosted its first night game on June 15, 1938 when Cincinatti’s Johnny Vander Meer pitched his second consecutive no-hitter against the Dodgers before 38,748 fans. It remains the only time in MLB history that a pitcher has thrown back-to-back no-hitters. The Reds and Dodgers made history again when they played in the first televised game in baseball history on August 26, 1939 in Flatbush. Two months later, Ebbets Field hosted pro football’s first televised game when Dodgers hosted the Philadelphia Eagles before 13,050 patrons. Not to be outdone, the first televised soccer match occurred at Ebbets Field in June of 1947.
Ebbets Field hosted Major League Baseball’s All-Star Game on June 17, 1949 and was first and foremost known as a baseball venue, as the Dodgers called the park home from 1913 to 1957. The “Bums” won National League pennants there in 1941, ’47, ’49, ’52, ’53, ’55 and ’56. The Brooklyn Dodgers won the only World Series title in team history in 1955, beating the New York Yankees in seven games. Games Three, Four and Five were played at Ebbets Field. Perhaps the most significant event ever to take place at Ebbets Field occurred on April 15, 1947, when Jackie Robinson made his major league debut before 26,623 spectators to become the first African American to play in the major leagues in the modern era.
Baseball’s popularity in America during the 1950s led to the demise of Ebbets Field, as the 31,902 seat park and its surrounding neighborhood had no option for expansion. The stadium had no room for automobile parking and Dodgers owner Walter O’Malley sought to build a domed stadium at the Atlantic Yards in Brooklyn. New York City Building Commissioner Robert Moses refused to help O’Malley with the move, insisting instead that the Dodgers move to a city-owned stadium in Queens [the future site of Shea Stadium and Citi Field]. O’Malley refused to budge, stating, “We are the Brooklyn Dodgers, not the Queens Dodgers” and began to consider other options, ultimately choosing to move to Los Angeles following the 1957 season. Mr. O’Malley convinced New York Giants owner Horace Stoneham, who was having stadium difficulties of his own, to move west as well, and the Giants also fled New York for San Francisco following the 1957 baseball season. Ebbets Field closed on September 24, 1957, was demolished on February 23, 1960 and is currently the site of apartment buildings. The Dodgers played at Ebbets Field for 45 years and have now called Los Angeles home for 54 seasons.
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Hi! I’ making a report that shall display a character based chart “orders per month”. The code looks simplyfied like this: – “Sales Header”.SETFILTER(“Shipment Date”, ‘03-08-01…03-08-31’); No:=“Sales Header”.COUNT; FOR I := 1 TO No DO BEGIN Order:=Order +‘O’; END; — I then display Order in the report. Now I want to show all months there are orders in instead of only August. How could I do this? I also would like the chart with block characters, so I use Lucida console, an OEM font. But the block characters does not print, insted it prints “|” Thanks Petter Jönhagen, Sweden
I don’t really understand what you want to do Maybe this will help: separation by month date1 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-13M>’,WORKDATE); date2 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-12M>’,WORKDATE); date3 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-11M>’,WORKDATE); date4 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-10M>’,WORKDATE); date5 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-9M>’,WORKDATE); date6 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-8M>’,WORKDATE); date7 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-7M>’,WORKDATE); date8 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-6M>’,WORKDATE); date9 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-5M>’,WORKDATE); date10 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-4M>’,WORKDATE); date11 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-3M>’,WORKDATE); date12 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-2M>’,WORKDATE); date13 := CALCDATE(’<-CM-1M>’,WORKDATE); date14 := CALCDATE(’’,WORKDATE); IF (“shipment date” >= date1) AND (“shipment date” < date2) THEN . . . .
Hi Cage, Maybe I was unclear. With my code I get a staple like this in the report: what I want is the a staple for all months I have orders in: 03-08-01…03-08-31 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 03-09-01…03-08-30 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 03-10-01…03-10-31 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO 03-11-01…03-11-30 OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO etc… Kind Regards Petter Jönhagen, Sweden
Hi You could try something like this
Global Vars Date Rec Date PerStart Date Dimension 12 PerEnd Date Dimension 12 PerText Text 30 Dimension 12 Order Text Dimension 12 j Integer OnPerReport Date.SETRANGE("Period Type",Date."Period Type"::Month); Date.SETRANGE("Period Start",0D,Workdate); IF Date.FIND('+') THEN BEGIN i := 12; REPEAT PeriodText[i] := Date."Period Name"; PeriodStart[i] := Date."Period Start"; PeriodEnd[i] := Date."Period End"; i := i - 1; Date.NEXT(-1); UNTIL i = 0; END; Then in the report FOR j := 1 to 12 do begin "Sales Header".SETRANGE("Shipment Date",PerStart[j],PerEnd[j]); No := "SalesHeader".COUNT; For i := 1 to No do Order[j] := Order[j] + 'o' END; The Dimesions can be any figure you like, i chose 12 to show a rolling 12 months
Petter My previous reply will work if want x number of columns. if you want x.number of rows, then use the Date Table as a DateItem then filter “Sales Header” using the “Period Start” and “Period End” on each iteration of the Date DataItem. This way you do not need to use arrays. I should of thought of this earlier [:I]
Thanks Steve! Your code works for me now. Although I do not really understand your follow-up on how to not have to use arrays. Thanks anyway! /Petter
Hi Solution that comes to my mind is something like this Accept date range from user as input - FromDate and ToDate Declare a global date variable - say DateVar OnPreDataItem - DateVar := FromDate OnAfterGetRecord if Date2DMY(DateVar, 2) = Date2DMY(ToDate, 2) then LastRun := true // boolean var to indiacate last loop to be run if not LastRun then SalesHeader.setfilter( “shipment Date”, ‘%1…%2’, DateVar, calcdate(DateVar, ‘1M’ ); else begin if DateVar < Todate then SalesHeader.setfilter( “…”, ‘%1…%2’, DateVar , ToDate) else SalesHeader.setfilter( “…”, ‘%1…%2’, ToDate, DateVar) end; … … … if not lastRun then dateVar := calcdate( dateVar, ‘1M’ ); OnPostSection - Body if LastRun then CurrReport.break;
Petter Clarify part2 of my posting Variable SalesHeader Record “Sales Header” You have the Table Date as the DataItem with the filters OnPreDataItem SETRANGE(“Period Type”,Date.“Period Type”::Month); SETRANGE(“Period Start”,01/01/03,31/12/03); OnAfterGetRecord SalesHeader.SETRANGE(“Document Type”,SalesHeader.“Document Type”::Order); SalesHeader.SETRANGE(“Shipment Date”,Date.“Period Start”,Date."Period End); No := SalesHeader.COUNT; For i := 1 to No do Order := Order + ‘o’; Output “Period Start”,“Period End” and Order on Date.Body Report Section. Or You could Have “Sales Header” as an Indented DateItem after Date instead of a Variable.
Hi Steve! I finished my (beautiful) report this weekend with help of your part1 post. But this is even better solution! It is really what I was looking for. I think I will rework the report now… Thanks again.
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The secret to being wrong isn't to avoid being wrong! The secret is being willing to be wrong. The secret is realizing that wrong isn't fatal. — Seth Godin, Tribes (2008)
For the past few years I have pondered how to be wrong in HCI research. By "being wrong" I do not mean blundering in experimental design, being irresponsible with participants' well-being, or generating false findings. Rather, I think of situations where a researcher discovers that an empirical study does not justify a strong belief based on existing HCI knowledge. Or when HCI as a field of research is shown to be mistaken in the concepts we use or the design guidelines we promote. Or when existing theories in our field provide inadequate descriptions of behavior around a new technology.
In these situations, being wrong is informative. It allows for learning and the revision of faulty assumptions or ingrown beliefs. More generally, being wrong and making mistakes are at the heart of science; they play a great role in design and engineering, too. Being wrong is also prominent in the history of science, as well as in some normative accounts of science, such as falsificationism.
In my view, HCI as a field is terrible at being wrong. Our conferences report findings on new behavior around technology; often there is no sense in which those findings can be wrong because they are new and rarely compared to behavior with older technology. Our journals show new interaction techniques evaluated in lab experiments using inferior alternative UIs and contrived tasks—not much can go wrong there either. Stated differently: When did you last read an in-depth study of a failed interaction technology? Or read a field study that showed a presupposed theoretical framework from HCI as being wrong?
I probably judge our field harshly. Nevertheless, I wonder if we can get better at being wrong in HCI research. Let me discuss two approaches: (a) agreeing on what we know and (b) doing daring empirical work.
For (a), a precondition for making mistakes is that there are results in HCI that we agree on as correct. If this is not the case, it is impossible as an individual researcher or as a field to be wrong about anything. It is an interesting (and hard!) exercise to find such results in the literature. I see a couple of reasons why.
First, little work in HCI takes stock of what we know about interaction with computers. For instance, by liberal inclusion, CHI proceedings contain fewer than 10 meta-analyses. I would argue the HCI literature as a whole contains few good reviews. The consequence is there are few agreed-upon results in the literature.
What to do? I think some ways forward are solid reviews, meta-analyses, and related work sections that synthesize insights (rather than justify a particular study or system). If we agree on what we know, it is much easier to challenge that knowledge.
Second, in many fields, researchers agree on problems that are crucial to solve (e.g., algorithms, the Millennium Prize Problems); sometimes they make it onto websites (e.g., unsolvedproblems.org) or into reviews (e.g., papers titled "Open Problems in X"). Not so for HCI. I know of no recognized list of open problems in HCI, and few papers synthesize problems in subfields of HCI. Kostakos's argument that HCI lacks motor themes (themes with strong centrality and high density in a cluster analysis) also suggests a lack of agreed-upon problems .
Again, I think some ways forward are clear: We must attempt to describe and develop problems central to HCI (e.g., What is interaction? What makes an interface good?). Such problems would of course be different from the well-specified problems in algorithms. Nevertheless, those problems seem to be worth working on conceptually and empirically, and the results seem worth being wrong about.
The second approach (b) departs from the fact that much empirical work in HCI is done in a manner that does not allow being wrong in relation to what is already known. Again, there are a couple of prominent reasons.
First, there is little daring empirical work in HCI. Saul Greenberg and Bill Buxton pointed out that usability evaluations often produce existence proof by showing only a single case where a new interaction technique works better than an older technique . They contrast this to risky hypothesis testing where a study could go either way. This echoes John Platt , who argued that research can be seen as climbing a tree; occasionally we get to a fork where each branch represents a feasible possibility or hypothesis. We should do the empirical work at those forks; it is daring yet informative. Such work is rare in HCI.
What are the ways forward? In one paper, I used Platt's ideas to suggest ways of making more informative experiments in HCI . For instance, we can improve experiments through strong baseline interfaces, varied tasks, and clearer concepts about the interfaces being compared. We can also look at boundary conditions, that is, manipulating variables to make one or another interface perform the best. And we must not set up or pay too much attention to win/lose studies that merely provide existence proofs.
Second, top HCI outlets focus on novelty and originality. I wrote a paper with some colleagues on replications and discussed how journals require originality (e.g., that submissions must be "original in some way," HCI Journal) . The insistence on originality contrasts with incremental research; the latter is sometimes used to reject papers at program committee meetings. This focus works against building on earlier work and against replications (we found three percent in a sample of 891 HCI papers). It means that HCI rarely challenges earlier results.
As a way forward, I think HCI researchers, and HCI outlets as well, need to emphasize incremental research more and need to build on what we already know to a much larger extent. Being novel is overrated compared with being wrong in a daring study about a fundamental question in HCI.
With this column I want to call for us to be more ambitious, both as individual researchers and as a community. I believe we can set up research in HCI to be wrong more frequently and in more informative ways: We can change our outlets to value negative results, and we can try to do empirical studies that stand a chance of failing in an interesting way. It is all about attitude: Let's try to be more willing to be wrong in HCI research.
Kasper Hornbæk is a professor in computer science at the University of Copenhagen. He works on user experience, shape-changing interfaces, large displays, and body-based interaction. He is also interested in the methodology of HCI, including the role of replications, measures of usability, and solid experimental work. firstname.lastname@example.org
Copyright held by author
The Digital Library is published by the Association for Computing Machinery. Copyright © 2015 ACM, Inc.
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SOUTH African authorities have identified a “coal mafia” operating in the country’s Mpumalanga province which is partly behind the poor performance of power company Eskom, said Bloomberg News, citing Pravin Gordhan, public enterprises minister.
Gordhan told the news service these coal providers were responsible for supplying coal to Eskom contaminated with metal and rubble that has damaged its equipment. The authorities are also investigating cases in which Eskom is billed for thousands of litres of fuel oil, which is used to run power plants, that aren’t delivered.
“You’ll begin to see more and more visibly push back in this particular regard from the various authorities,” Gordhan told Bloomberg.
Earlier this week the police apprehended two former employees of Swiss industrial group ABB and their wives for alleged graft linked to more than R500m of contracts with Eskom.
The damage caused by the corrupt practices are among the factors that last month drove Eskom to deepen power cuts to the worst level in almost two years, Gordhan told Bloomberg News. The utility, responsible for most of South Africa’s power, has implemented nationwide outages in all but one month this year and has so far instituted rolling blackouts for 24 consecutive days.
On Friday, Business Unity SA (Busa) urged South African president Cyril Ramaphosa to include in this plan clear direction and deadlines that reflect the seriousness and urgency of the power situation, according to Business Live.
“We urgently need government to create the regulatory and administrative environment that will clear the path to energy security,” said Busa CEO Cas Coovadia was quoted as saying.
Busa’s statement came as Ramaphosa finalises what his office calls an “energy master plan” which will incorporate timelines on when South Africa expects an end to the frequent blackouts.
“We are not consulting into paralysis,” said Vincent Magwenya, the spokesperson for Ramaphosa, adding that the plan will be “an emergency response that “… will also speak to cutting the red tape”.
Business Day reported on Monday that among the measures being considered to expedite licensing and permitting processes for new generation capacity projects was declaring an energy emergency.
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ScotLit 23, Winter 2000 |
I’d like to begin with a brief sketch of the man, just to place him in your minds. He was born in 1928 in Glasgow, but was brought up on the island of Lewis. It’s frequently stated, even in books from his own publisher, that he was born on Lewis, but his first two years were in fact spent in Glasgow. What influence this could have I don’t know, but it must have meant something to him, since he wrote poems about the fact, so those who keep saying he was born on Lewis have not been reading his poetry with due care and attention! Anyhow, he was brought up in a Gaelic-speaking community on Lewis, so that English was his second language, first learned at school. He went to Aberdeen University and took a degree in English there. From then on, he earned his living as a schoolteacher, to begin with in Dumbarton where I first met him in the early 1950s, and thereafter at Oban High School. I still have a photograph I took of him in Dumbarton, standing outside his house, leaning against a lamp-post with a match between his teeth, looking more worldly and gallus than he really was. The match-stick rolled between his teeth was a favourite gesture. I think he must have got it from American films. We got on extremely well right from the start, and talked about everything under the sun, including of course Scotland and its status. Although he later travelled about quite a lot, he remained very much a writer based in the Highlands of Scotland, and Highland culture and landscape and history are diffused through his work, interestingly punctuated by references to Freud and Lenin and Marx and Wittgenstein and Virgil and Dante. It’s not a learned poetry as such, and it’s not a difficult poetry; perhaps what it does is show how someone brought up in a narrow, constricted environment can be open to the whole intellectual world if he wants to be. The narrowness of the world he grew up in – and it’s a narrowness he exclaims against in poem after poem – was the teachings and influence of the Free Church, which was still powerful, dogmatic, authoritarian, and as he saw it, philistine, anti-cultural. It gave him a rooted dislike of all dogma, whether religious or political. In an early poem about his own island, ‘Poem of Lewis’, he says ‘They have no place for the fine graces / of poetry.’ So he had to strike out on his own, dip his toe in the wider world, yet always marked by an inheritance he could never shrug off. I should add that he has been criticized for his almost totally negative view of Lewis. The poet Derick Thomson, who had a very similar upbringing but did not share that negativity, suggests that personal factors were at work: Iain was a lonely child with a lot of illness, and with a good deal of unhappiness in the family background, and this, I would agree, is something that has to be taken into account. But whatever the causes were, the iron had certainly entered into his soul on some aspects of life.
He was a prolific writer, in English and Gaelic, and produced novels, short stories, essays, radio plays and stage plays as well as many volumes of poetry. He wrote quickly, usually without revision, and with the risk (which he was aware of) of being careless and slapdash when he was not writing under good pressure. On the other hand, he gained in a sort of unstudied, often surprising lyrical quality which he couldn’t have got any other way. His best poems often seem to slide onto the page without strain or effort; they seem natural, seem right, seem inspired. He had an impatience with formal structures, especially if they were complex, and that can be either good or bad. Poetry by its nature has form. It is not prose, it is not speech. So there is always a danger if you pay all your dues to spontaneity. The element of luck looms large. Smith, especially after his early poetry, took that risk, and wanted to write as freely as possible. Also, we have to note that his dislike of formal showiness was very characteristic of the man, who was in himself totally modest and unpretentious. He had a certain Highland reticence, but added to that, in his earlier years, he was very tense and nervous, and it took him quite a while to become inured to public poetry-readings. I remember once, when we were both about to go on the platform at a reading in Edinburgh, he was prowling about, looking thoroughly miserable, and muttering, O God, I wish I was in Stornoway! He never read his poems really well; they tended to come out in a rapid low monotone which missed the expressive possibilities that were undoubtedly there, and when he had finished one poem he hurried on to the next, without allowing the audience time to react. He gradually evolved a method of performance, of pleasing the audience, by interspersing the poems with bizarre jokes (really awful jokes sometimes!), and eventually with some of his short stories, which were often hilariously funny (particularly stories about his wildly eccentric alter ego, the Holy Fool, Murdo). Latterly, I have been reading with him when he read no poetry at all, only prose, which I felt was cheating a bit, but of course it worked with the audience. His sense of humour was very engaging, at times rather surreal, and at times giving the impression of something on the edge, possibly more dark than joyful. He had in fact one period of complete paranoiac breakdown, and was for some time in a mental hospital, though he made a full recovery and found a new happiness and sociability in the latter part of his life. After the breakdown, as he said himself, he ‘rejoined the human race’.
What else can we say about him? His favourite writers were Auden, Kierkegaard, Robert Lowell, and Dostoevsky – a formidable quartet. He loved crosswords, especially of the Torquemada type. And as a teacher, he had the great quality of imagination: he would turn an English class into a vehement discussion of the rights and wrongs of the wonderful story of Dido and Aeneas in Virgil’s Aeneid: the pupils might never learn Latin, but they would learn something about human nature, about love, about ambition, about destiny, about high ideals and the often dark underside of high ideals: in other words, education for life.
In looking now at his work, I shall be considering his poetry mainly, since that is central to his literary contribution. But he did write a dozen novels, and a few words about these are in order. He was not a natural born novelist, as he himself admitted. The language is plain and colourless; the characters are thinly sketched and often speak in clichés; and there is very little solidarity of background in description of places or things or even persons. The plots, such as they are, are suggested by his own autobiographical history. Sometimes he struggles through, and the book is readable enough, but a good novelist would have to be more in the world, to mix more with a variety of people, and above all to be more observant than Smith was. Why did he spend so much time writing these books? Maybe there are two answers. After he took his early retirement from teaching, he needed some extra income, and the novels helped. But also, on a deeper level, I think they relate to his fear of not writing, his habit of setting aside a regular number of hours a day for literary creation of some kind. He said in an interview in 1995 that his obsessive fear was ‘to stop writing altogether – I wouldn’t know what to do with myself. That would be the most devastating thing that could happen.’ It’s generally agreed that by far the best of his novels is Consider the Lilies (1968). The book about the Highland Clearances is very short, really only a novella, and was written in ten days. It is a very compressed account of the eviction of a stubborn old woman who shows us that even at the age of seventy it is possible to change, to grow, to begin to understand that your local minister may be a tool in the hands of the evictors and that the local atheist may be more Christian than the minister. When the book came out, it was much criticized for all sorts of historical inaccuracies, most of them quite blatant to anyone who really knew about the period. Does it matter? Smith himself, when he was interviewed about it, was fairly laid back. He said, with a laugh, ‘The history was a bit haphazard. I should perhaps have done a bit more research … I don’t think I was too concerned with historical truth. There were a number of mistakes … I don’t know if a novel has to be that accurate. I was more concerned with the old woman’s mind.’ Any how, the public seems to have decided that Smith was right. The book has become a minor classic and has been reprinted several times in the Canongate Classics series.
The only other novel where Smith really did do research was much less successful. An Honourable Death (1992) retells the story of Major-General Sir Hector Macdonald, a peasant boy from the Black Isle who joined the army and rose through the ranks until he received the highest honours for bravery, a soldier who was successful, admired, loved, but who shot himself in a hotel in Paris rather than face a court-martial which had accumulated evidence of his extensive homosexual activities with native youths in Ceylon. His life was a powerful, moving, tragic story, almost Aristotelian in its evocation of pity and terror, and you would think no-one could make a boring novel about it – but Smith does. The style is humdrum, dutiful, plodding through all the incidents he has dug up from his reading (he actually includes a bibliography in the book), and the awful real-life denouement comes across like something in a cheap novelette. As one reviewer remarked, the book is ‘calamitously lacking in dynamic life’. If this is so, Smith’s instinct to avoid research for Consider the Lilieswas probably quite sound.
One other novel is worth mentioning both because it is well written and because it has a painful relevance to the author’s life. In the Middle of the Wood (1987) traces the story of a married man, a writer, who suddenly has an attack of paranoia, thinks his wife is having an affair, becomes obsessed with the idea that he is being spied on and everything about him is being bugged, loses more and more contact with everyday reality, and is driven to the verge of both murder and suicide. After a spell in a mental hospital he recovers and is reunited with his wife, in a very touching conclusion to the book. Smith has said that the whole story is true, and if this is so, it is a most remarkable example of how an artist will use the material of his life, no matter how terrible it may be, and perhaps achieve the double function of exorcising some of his demons and presenting his readers with a highly dramatic story.
As far as the prose is concerned, his most popular work has always been the series of short stories about Murdo. Murdo is mad, but harmless. He shatters the complacent surface of life wherever he goes. He casts some doubts on the supremacy of reason. Like MacGonagall, he is perfectly serious, and that is what makes him so funny:
One day Murdo visited the local library and he said to the thin bespectacled woman who was standing at the counter:
“I want the novel War and Peace written by Hugh Macleod.”
“Hugh Macleod?” she said.
“Yes,” he said, “but if you don’t happen to have War and PeaceI’ll take any other book by the same author, such as The Brothers Karamazov.”
“I thought,” she said doubtfully, “I mean are you sure that…”
“I’m quite sure that the book is by Hugh Macleod,” said Murdo, “and I often wonder why there aren’t more of his books in the libraries.”
“Well,” she said, “I think we have War and Peace but surely it was written by Tolstoy.”
“What’s it about?” said Murdo, “Is it about a family growing up in Harris at the time of Napoleon?”
“I thought,” she said, “that the story is set in Russia,” looking at him keenly through her glasses.
“Bloody hell,” said Murdo under his breath and then aloud,
“Oh well I don’t think we can be talking about the same Hugh Macleod. This man was never in Russia as far as I know. Is it a long book, about a thousand pages?”
“I think that’s right,” said the woman, who was beginning to look rather wary.
“Uh huh,” said Murdo. “This is a long book as well. It’s about Napoleon in Harris in the eighteenth century. Hugh Macleod was an extraordinary man, you know. He had a long beard and he used to make his own shoes. A strange man. I don’t really know much about his life except that he became a bit religious in his old age.”
Murdo is not the only character in Smith’s short stories to have been brushed by the wing of insanity. One of the best of these stories is Napoleon and I, about an old married couple where the husband has gone mad and thinks he is Napoleon, leaving messages for the milkman to deliver five divisions of troops tomorrow, calling his wife Josephine, and dressing in a Napoleonic coat and hat. The story is told by his wife, who is at her wits’ end knowing what to do with him; she thinks a hospital would be cruel; she simply has to look after him, though they are both in their eighties. Like the Murdo stories, it is extremely funny – even the wife finds her husband comical at times. But the comedy is very deceptive; it is really a tragedy where no-one is at fault. The wife remembers that she once loved him – where is that love now? They cannot even talk to each other. The contrast between what might have been and what is now is very moving.
Turning now to the poetry, and I shall be speaking only about his English poetry, or Gaelic poetry in translation, I think it may be useful to have at least a word about the fact of his bilingualism. Gaelic was what was used at home and in the playground, but English began to dominate as soon as he went to school. He is unlike his contemporaries (Sorley MacLean, Derick Thomson, for example) in writing so much of his poetry in English and so little in Gaelic (Sorley MacLean said once that he could not write poetry in English – he used to apologize for his English versions of his own poems). Smith is quite different, in that he very early became fascinated with English and American poets and evidently felt impelled to challenge them, with a sort of determination not to let the fact of his using a second language, an imposed, non-native language stand in his way. Was this a betrayal of his birthright? He sometimes seems to have felt so. More often, he simply felt caught in a dilemma from which there was no satisfactory escape. In his essay ‘Real People in a Real Place’ (1986) he has a very bitter passage which is worth quoting:
I recall with a sense of injustice my own fragmented life, the choices I had to make when I didn’t realise that I was making them, the losses I endured before I well knew that I was enduring them, the contradictions I was involved in before I knew they existed. And I know that my own life has been a snake pit of contradictions, because of an accident of geography and a hostile history. I envy, for instance, those poets who have developed in a stable society, who can start from there and are not constantly analysing the very bases of their art.
That ‘snake-pit of contradictions’ is easily seen in the antithetical titles of so many of his books, from The Law and the Grace (1965) to The Leaf and the Marble (1998). He eventually erected a whole philosophy of life on the contrast between things dogmatic and authoritarian on the one hand and things fresh and vulnerable and spontaneous on the other. But even in small, apparently artless poems he can make a wonderfully unexpected attack on traditional wisdom, so-called, forcing us to turn things round, turn them inside out, re-examine our thoughts on consensus ideas. Here is one which specifically throws a punch at his own people, the Gaels. It’s called ‘The Gaelic Proverb’, and he wants you never to believe that proverb again, even if it seems cosy and friendly:
The Gaelic proverb says,
sad is the state of the house
without a child or cat.
But sad is the state of the child
who carries his house on his back
like a trapped snail.
And the cat who cannot go out
into the deep greenery
but sits on the spinster’s lap
narrow and infertile,
as the wild sun goes down.
It’s really a nicely subversive little poem, delivering a body-blow to those who praise close-knit communities. Smith had had quite enough of close-knit communities! It’s time for the deep greenery and the wild sun!
Things that restrict and stifle have always been Smith’s target. In his own upbringing, the long arm of the Free Church became the focus of deep feelings of enmity which permeate many of his poems. The claim to be right, the claim to have the truth, the despising of pleasure, the indifference to art, the willingness to condemn and if possible punish the slightest backsliding, the inability to compromise, and perhaps worst of all, the incomprehension of any conception of creative change or growth: these were damning factors in Smith’s eyes. He was not given to public controversy, but one letter he had published in The Scotsman in 1988 showed how strong his feelings were in this matter. The context was that the Rev. Alexander Murray of the Free Presbyterian Church had been suspended for three months for asking Monsignor Thomas Wynne to say a prayer at a meeting of the Highland Regional Council’s working party on religious affairs. Iain Crichton Smith wrote:
The impudence and the arrogance of the Church Synod is breathtaking. Do they really believe that only they have a hot line to God, and that Catholics are unfit to speak to him? At a time when the Free Church Moderator spoke of the hunger for reconciliation it seems another and very familiar backwoods step into the neolithic darkness which has spawned so much conflict. When will these people come out of their demonic jungle? …. What can one think of these pitiful figures huddling together in outer darkness except to blow them away with the cleansing wind of humour? Let us hope that the tiny paranoiac God whom they have created in their own images will have more respect for them than those who believe in ordinary Christian compassion are likely to have.
From a man of sixty, this is heady stuff, and obviously heartfelt. Perhaps the most interesting phrase is ‘the tiny paranoiac God’. God is paranoiac if he is afraid of a Catholic priest saying a prayer at a Council meeting; but Smith deflates him right away with the unexpected word ‘tiny’: in the end he’s nothing, and we shouldn’t be afraid of him.
In poetry, as opposed to polemic, what does Smith make of these things? Poetry has to be a bit more subtle than the ‘neolithic darkness’ and ‘demonic jungle’ of the Scotsman letter. One of the best examples is ‘Old Woman’. He has half a dozen poems with that title – an absolute rookery of black-clothed figures – so we have to distinguish – and the one I’m referring to is not the famous one (‘And she, being old, fed from a mashed plate’) but the one beginning ‘Your thorned back’. I’ll quote it:
Your thorned back
heavily under the creel
you steadily stamped the rising daffodil.
Your set mouth
forgives no-one, not even God’s justice
perpetually drowning law with grace.
Your cold eyes
watched your drunken husband come
unsteadily from Sodom home.
Your grained hands
dandled full and sinful cradles.
You built for your children stone walls.
Your yellow hair
burned slowly in a scarf of grey
wildly falling like mountain spray.
Finally you’re alone
among the unforgiving brass,
the slow silences, the sinful glass.
Who never learned,
not even aging, to forgive
our poor journey and our common grave
while the free daffodils
wave in the valleys and on the hills
the deer look down with their instinctive skills,
and the huge sea
in which your brothers drowned sings slow
over the headland and the peevish crow.
The puritanical old woman has ‘cold eyes’, a ‘set mouth’, she stamps down the rising daffodil, she does her duty by her husband but the cradles are all filled with original sin, and although she would no doubt call herself a Christian she has never learned, even in old age, the essential Christian virtue of forgiveness; she lives in a prison of her own making, while outside the free daffodils wave in the valleys and the deer look down from the hills. With characteristic sensitivity Smith finds things to say in her favour: she lost her brothers to the sea, her husband was a drunk, and is now dead; and – in a fine image at the very centre of the poem – her blond hair ‘burned slowly in a scarf of grey’ – she too was mortal. The overall picture, however, is highly critical of the oppressive environment which moulded a woman who never became a full human being. So what has life got to weigh in the balance against this oppressiveness and unhappiness? If the old woman is the law, where is the grace? It’s not to be found in any rival view of life, in some carefully worked out libertarianism designed to eclipse Presbyterianism. That is not Smith’s way. The answer is a sudden given, a happening, an event too ordinary to be aggrandized by some such term as a Zen satori, but a revelation all the same. Its very ordinariness guarantees its authenticity. Here is ‘Two Girls Singing’:
It neither was the words nor yet the tune.
Any tune would have done and any words.
Any listener or no listener at all.
As nightingales in rocks or a child crooning
in its own world of strange awakening
or larks for no reason but themselves.
So on the bus through late November running
by yellow lights tormented, darkness falling,
the two girls sang for miles and miles together.
and it wasn’t the words or tune. It was the singing.
It was the human sweetness in that yellow,
the unpredicted voices of our kind.
Really the only thing I would say about that very fine poem (it was one of the author’s favourites, and he was right) is that his often-used method of contrast has a freshness, an unexpectedness about it that – once you catch it – underlines the meaning of the poem. Yellow is always a very negative colour in Smith, and it’s used twice here, referring to yellow sodium streetlights. The streetlights not only have this alarming colour, but they march in strict ordered lines along the dark road. The sinister authoritarian predictability of the streetlights is contrasted with the sudden unpredicted almost wordless voices of the two girls singing on the bus.
I have quoted very good short poems, but Smith also had ambitions towards something longer and more complex. These ambitions showed themselves in poems like ‘Deer on the High Hills’ and ‘The White Air of March’. The former, an early poem, has been much discussed by critics, both positively and negatively, so I thought it might be more interesting to say something about ‘The White Air of March’, which is sometimes underrated. This is a long poem in 16 sections, and in different styles, some of them very free; indeed the whole thing was a new departure for Smith, and it wouldn’t be unfair to call it more ‘modern’ than his usual approach. It has learned something from Auden, Lowell, Eliot – indeed, it incorporates some lines and phrases from T.S.Eliot. Basically, it is a state-of-the-nation poem about the Highlands of Scotland, first published in 1969 (Scottish International 7, Sept.1969). It paints a scornful, sometimes angry picture, though it looks for change. Scotland swims in a sea of kitsch, of triviality, of a bad kind of populism. He attacks some obvious targets: Andy Stewart, tourism, golf, Scottish country dance music (‘used as torture’ to make prisoners confess), the Sunday Post, female Highland dancers, Gaelic pedantry over tiny details of genealogy or grammar coupled with lack of interest in the real issues affecting Gaelic society … But behind this surface froth there is a deeper malaise about what he calls being an exile in one’s own land. Exile is a recurring theme throughout Smith’s poetry, especially his awareness of the physical exile of emigration, but also an inner alienation. As he says in Section 8 of the poem:
The exiles have departed,
leaving old houses.
The Wind wanders like an old man who has lost his mind.
‘What do you want?’ asks the wind. ‘Why are you crying?
Are those your tears or the rain?’
I do not know. I touch my cheek. It is wet.
I think it must be the rain.
It is bitter
to be an exile in one’s own land.
It is bitter
to walk among strangers
when the strangers are in one’s own land.
It is bitter
to dip a pen in continuous water
to write poems of exile
in a verse without honour or style.
This sense of exile is at least partly self-imposed, and comes from his divided cultural inheritance. Here he is, a native Gael, writing modernist free verse in English, to the dismay of his more conservative Gaelic contemporaries. He himself calls it ‘a verse without honour or style’, though that might appear a harsh judgement. If he looks for role models, he fails to find them in Scotland. He looks for seriousness, truth, high endeavour, where are they? In Section 7 he writes (and he puts it in brackets, almost as if it belonged to another world):
(I speak now of those who told the truth.
Let them be praised.
Dostoevsky, Nietzsche, Kierkegaard,
Kafka – let them be honoured.
For them there shall be a cross pointing both ways,
The idiot waits for the Cossacks in crystal and iron.
The hunchback squeezes the last ounce out of the wine…)
Without these men, he implies, a Russian, a German, a Dane, a Czech, what use is it to consider either the romance or the tragedy of the Highlands? We need vision. We need new thoughts. We need to look out and up. In its search for renewal, the poem is not unlike ‘The Waste Land’. Eliot says ‘April is the cruellest month’, when the new life is struggling; Smith’s title of ‘The White Air of March’ suggests an even greater struggle, a more reluctant spring, but nevertheless a possibility, a potential, even in the land of what he calls ‘the intrepid hunters of golf balls’. He uses the image of the Cuillin mountain-range as something high, sharp, difficult, but beckoning and beautiful, which must be striven for at all costs. In Section 15:
The Cuillins tower high in the air –
We climb from pain to perfume:
the body opens out; gullies,
crevices, reveal the orchis.
The soul flies skyward,
impregnated with scent.
On the right hand
the sun will tenant
The mist dissipates.
Gold grows at our feet.
‘The White Air of March’ ends with two lines that sum up what the search is for – not a new political system, not a language revival, not a recalled diaspora, but simply
In the white air of March
A new mind.
That poem had some hard things to say about the Gaels and their decline. But almost as if to make amends, he has a witty Gaelic poem which has no lack of modernity. He calls it ‘The TV’, and this is his own translation of it:
The sun rises every day
from moving shadows –
on the TV
We did not believe in the existence of Ireland
till we saw it many nights –
on the TV.
He knows more about Humphrey Bogart
than he knows about Big Norman –
since he got the TV.
Said Plato –
‘we are tied in a cave’ –
that is, the TV.
A girl came into the room
without perfume without expression –
on the TV.
At last he lost the world
as Berkely said –
there was nothing but the TV.
He bought War and Peace,
I mean Tolstoy,
after seeing it on the TV.
When he switched off the TV
the world went out –
he himself went out.
His hands did not come back to him
or his eyes
till he put on the TV.
A rose in a bowl on the TV set,
the things that are in the world,
the things that are not.
He found himself in the story.
He was in the room.
He didn’t know where he was.
You, my love, are dearer to me
than Softly Softly
than Sportsnight with Coleman.
‘In locked rooms with iron gates’ –
but, my love,
do they have TV?
It is of course typical of Smith that he uses the everyday object of the TV to plunge at once into questions of what is really real. It all goes back to the shadows on the wall in Plato’s cave, which are uncannily like television. And Bishop Berkely, who asserted that nothing could exist unless it was perceived to exist, also comes into the picture very neatly. Did he bring Plato and Berkely and Tolstoy into a Gaelic poem just to tease the Gaels? Possibly!
In his last years Iain Crichton Smith brought out two book-length poems of sixty pages each: The Human Face (1996) and The Leaf and the Marble ((1998). Not much has been written about The Human Face, and I get the impression that people are a little embarrassed with it and don’t know quite what to make of it. I have to say that it doesn’t work for me, but I must add that at least one poet-critic, Christopher Whyte, whom I respect, has praised it, so I hope you will read it for yourselves and make up your own minds. The book has an epigraph from Robert Burns, ‘Man’s inhumanity to man / makes countless thousands mourn’, and it’s written in the Burns stanza, continuously, with no sections or divisions. It’s partly a lament, about human cruelty and violence, and partly a diatribe, against religious and political dogma. It has a wide historical sweep, and many pairs of enemies are listed and condemned: Saxon and Norman, Crusader and Turk, Irish Protestant and Irish Catholic; ethnic cleansing in the Balkans and elsewhere is attacked; the attractions of uniforms and weapons and a chain of command which removes individual responsibility are condemned; and there is a recurring theme of the sinister role of ideas, of abstractions, of incitements to violence, whether personal murder or national war. He is particularly bitter about theory and it doesn’t matter whether its Marxist or capitalist or Islamic; it always leads, he argues, to dehumanization, intolerance, and death. Even a supposedly good theory, like the theory that we have ‘souls’, is attacked, firstly because we do not have souls, and secondly because in the name of that theory we can burn thousands of innocent people at the stake. As he says in one stanza:
A theory can saw a leg,
a theory can send a plague,
a theory can make a thug
into a saint,
a theory can make a rogue
into a gent.
So how does all this come about? The villain of the piece is not Hitler or Jenghiz Kahn. The villain is God. Smith has often been described, and indeed has described himself as an atheist. I am not sure that that is the correct term. I see him as an antitheist. He still uses capital letters for ‘He’ and ‘Him’ when talking about God, and no self-respecting atheist would do that. God looms large in the poem, and is the ultimate source of evil; the buck stops with him; everything can be traced back, to the Flood, to Cain and Abel, to the temptation of Eve. God is not non-existent, as the atheist would claim. He is like a sore the poet cannot help picking at. God is there all right, and he’s a rank bajin!
What is wrong with the poem, it seems to me, is that it is too generalized and too repetitive to move the reader as it obviously wants to do. There is no argument, there is no narrative, the poem simply states, states, states. He criticizes what he calls ‘windy abstractions’, but the poem is full of windy abstractions. Not once does he pause to make something real by describing an actual incident in detail, as someone like Wordsworth would do. His sincerity is obvious, but sincerity is not enough. The shrill, almost hysterical tone becomes wearisome, and the reader, even if he agrees with what is being said, is presented with a counter-productive overkill. Added to that, it has to be said that Burns must be moving uneasily in his grave if he hears what Smith has done with his famous stanza. Metre is extremely rough, and rhyme is often so approximate as to be virtually non-existent. Burns was a man of the eighteenth century, brought up in the neoclassical tradition, a virtuoso of the formal structures of poetry. Smith has always downgraded the form and technical aspects of verse, relying heavily on the accidents of inspiration and spontaneity and speed to carry him through. So his cavalier treatment of the Burns stanza is in character. I should add that Christopher Whyte makes a virtue of what I would regard as a sort of impatient incompetence: he takes a postmodernist view, and praises Smith for, as it were, ‘exploding’ the tight Burnsian form and liberating it from its unnecessary constraints. Well, there’s a good argument there, though I think I’m right!
The Human Face, then, has not yet settled down into any consensus of appreciation, and, largely because it is more recent, neither has The Leaf and the Marble, so that one should perhaps be more tentative in talking about it. It may not, in the end, be more persuasive to the unbiased but thinking reader, but it is more interestingly written as poetry, and its free verse (with some rhyme here and there) comes as a relief after the laced-up stumble of the earlier poem. It is also a more personal poem, coming out of a holiday in Rome, and being at the same time an extended love poem to his wife and a meditation on the city of Rome. You will notice from the title that it goes back to his earlier favourite method of contrasting two opposing views or states, and in doing this it gains over The Human Face, which had no dialectic – there was no one to speak for God, or for the idea of conflict as a factor of some value in human evolution. In The Leaf and the Marble, the two elements of the title are in total and perpetual opposition: the leaf stands for organic, free, irregular spontaneous life, the marble stands for everything that is solid, fixed, unyielding, dictatorial. As the speaker in the poem wanders through modern Rome, he sees everywhere the massive – massive even when ruinous – relics of ancient Roman civilization, quite often in the midst of trees and foliage and flowers, and the contrast between the hard cold dead stone and the flickering shimmering vulnerable leaves and petals makes him build up in his mind an eventually totally alienated view of the Roman empire. Roman statues were too self-satisfied and arrogant; Roman roads were too straight; Roman armies were too ruthless; Roman spectacles in the arena were too inhuman; and Roman power allowed no questioning. One of the examples he brings in is the story of Dido and Aeneas from Virgil’s Aeneid. Virgil, although he had every sympathy for Dido, and clearly saw the tragedy of her life, wanted nevertheless to argue that Aeneas was right to abandon her, even though it led to her suicide, because he was under the divine command of a greater mission, to found the Roman empire. Well, we know what Smith thinks of divine commands; Dido’s suffering is another nail in the coffin of fascistic authoritarianism.
I’d like to quote one or two passages from this poem, which some of you may not have seen. Here is a part of Section 13 (Part One), which is about Avernus or Hades; Avernus, a volcanic lake near Naples, was regarded by the Romans as the entrance to the underworld. The poem at this point describes the speaker as emerging from Avernus, climbing into the upper world after a period of torment. We do not, perhaps, need to take a biographical reading, since the passage has a self-contained moving quality, but we can hardly escape knowing that it does celebrate the ending of the author’s mental breakdown:
Out of Avernus
I steadily climb
bearing a leaf
in a flood of light
and here I greet
you in your fresh
or about the house
your flowery blouse.
of this wavering breeze
how ever express,
or behind our reason
that Rome of dark,
vast and compressed,
as towards you now
I bear this leaf,
my joy and my grief.
Out of the grave
of flickering Hades
I joyfully rise
after these scenes
that hurt my eyes,
and terrified me,
the running wolves,
the emptying graves.
And now I bear
my quivering leaf
as an angel might
on the new found earth
or the gift of a rose.
So out of the gross
dark of Avernus
I freely bear
my gift of a leaf
from my renaissance
this light bright leaf.
One of the passages directly about Rome is worth quoting, partly because it has the curious paradox of equating ‘Roman’ and ‘Presbyterian’, and we have to remind ourselves that he is not speaking about Catholic Rome but about ancient pagan Rome. He cannot resist, even at this late stage of his life, thinking back to the Presbyterian oppressions of his youth: this is from Section 14 (Part One):
And so I have traced,
yes, I have traced
the secret at last
it is Rome that is
it is Rome that has
the massive ponderous
with its deaths and spies,
its historical bones,
of cobwebbed skulls.
It is Rome that dulls
bright nature’s smile
with its heavy marble
and stony designs.
The pessimism of finding Presbyterianism alive and well, many miles from its birthplace and many years before it was born, does not permeate the whole poem. There is a charming passage, set back in Scotland, at the speaker’s own house, where he imagines Virgil and Dante, in their classical robes, stopping and asking for directions as they pass along the road: this is from Section 9 (Part Two):
and Dante enter
like beggars or like
tourists from the street, asking
directions among the radiance. We are
here, waiting, in this day
that passes. The rabbits
race below the leaves. You touch
your togas ornamented
with green. Sit here
on this bench, I will bring you
a cup of pure water, after the
light has touched your gowns.
Look at the leaves. It is right
To gaze on this foliage, the light
and luminous green. You wear
the shifting marble of Rome and the
ashes of Hades. Here there is none
such, the leaves
are random, arbitrary, and the weeds
thrust among them, demanding their own lives.
When I said, at the beginning of discussing the poem, that readers who liked it might still not find it fully persuasive, this is simply because there is as much to be said for Rome as against Rome, and the poem is totally one-sided. The reader has to determine whether that famous old suspension of disbelief can take care of the lurking objections. Perhaps the clear freshness and immediacy of the poem as reflecting an actual experience, the leaf suggesting life and love, the marble suggesting memorials and death, carries it through.
I shall not attempt to sum up any grand verdict on an author who would have disliked such a thing. The range and variety of his work, and the naturalness of his best pieces, will always attract and please. If he has anger, he also has compassion, and he opens our ears to ‘the unpredicted voices of our kind’.
Copyright © Edwin Morgan 2000
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Are you making an attempt to teach your French Bulldog to sit? The technique of sitting up is quite easily taught to petite dogs, yet larger pet dogs are another story. It’s tricky for them to sustain their equilibrium.
Teach Your French Bulldog to Sit: Readiness
Sitting up is one of the fundamental tricks that you should teach to your French Bulldog and lays the groundwork for various other techniques. In order to train a French Bulldog to sit up, prep some snacks as a perk, and set the French Bulldog on her backside in a corner, to make sure that she is not able to fall either backward or sideways and has very little or no room to stumble.
Teach Your French Bulldog to Sit: Familiarize Her With The Sound of The Words
Protect her from pitching towards you by keeping your hand beneath her chin and with your second hand hold the treat above your French Bulldog’s face. Keep saying clearly and deliberately, “sit.” Do not make her sit up for too long at one time, however repeat the training often and reward her regularly with a lot of approval and treats.
Teach Your French Bulldog to Sit: Help Her Keep Her Balance
Throughout her 1st lesson your French Bulldog will need significant support from your hand to keep her from tumbling forward, but as she gets better control of the stabilizing muscles and comprehends what you want, she’ll depend less and less on your hand to keep her steady. Then you can gradually give her less help and support till you will simply have to keep one hand in position 2 or 3 inches from her chin or neck, to be ready to stop her from falling forward; eventually you can most likely remove your hand and simply dangle the treat right above the height of your French Bulldog’s face.
Teach Your French Bulldog To Sit: Remove the Assistance Slowly And Gradually
With constant practice your French Bulldog will sit up for a long time after you make her. The next step is she should be set up against your wall, so as to give her a support for her back. After she has picked up this and can hold her place effortlessly, rehearse with her using chair legs, cushions or other things that offer her less and less help. In the end she will grasp how to keep her balance and sit up without having anything to rest against.
Teach Your French Bulldog to Sit: Putting It All Together
Throughout all these lessons the words "sit up" will have been impressed upon her mind with the assistance of frequent repetition. Now is the final lesson to teach your French Bulldog to sit up as quickly as she hears the words. It's highly likely, if she has been properly taught, you will merely have to get her out into the room, display a snack, hold it up a suitable distance from the ground, say "sit up or sit" and she will do so. Then you'll give her the treat while still in position.
The only condition for flawlessness is to train with her multiple times a day until she can sit up on command and without being shown a snack; give her the rewards only after she has followed the order.
Teach Your French Bulldog Other Tricks
You have now the basis for teaching your French Bulldog many other tricks. She can now be taught how to beg by waving your hand up and down just in front of her paws, which she will move in coordination with yours. She also can learn to salute by moving one paw up to the side of her head, or to hold something in her mouth, or to wear a cap on her head or wear other clothes.
While instructing a French Bulldog to tolerate being dressed up, don't try to make her wear too many things simultaneously. Try her at first with just a hat. After she gets familiar with that you could put on a jacket and little by little introduce her to the other clothing.
Get a kick out of "teaching your French Bulldog the sit up trick" and most importantly have fun while you're doing it!
Don't forget to check out these other articles about French Bulldogs
Was this post helpful? If so, please take a minute to Tweet and Share below on Facebook. I would also love to know your thoughts so leave me a comment 🙂
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Lessons From Lucy & Friends:
Lesson From Fox
Even though we live in the suburbs of Washington, DC we are blessed with many wild beings. I never know who might show up from day to day. There is a fox family that used to have a den right on the edge of our property but they moved. Several different red foxes still visit our bird feeder along with deer, squirrels, chipmunks and of course birds. Early one morning I saw one was right outside the window and then poof! She was gone. Most likely hunting her breakfast.
- Be alert and use all of your senses to instantly assess every moment and situation.
- Keep moving when outside the den/home.
- Be quick when needed but always quickly assess the situation, especially when it comes to food.
- Feed yourself first and then feed your family.
- Work together with others for the common good of survival. (She shows me the deer family that always comes into our yard. She often appears just after they (the deer family) eat at our bird feeder and at times is right there with them. The reason she is always close to them, she shares, is they know some of the best places to find food that the humans share with the wild ones. They have an interesting collaboration and agreement.)
- Dig in the earth. (As you are digging become the earth. Let everything else go and become obsessed with the digging…claws and paws and the feel, smell and textures.) The cave or den is home and sanctuary but so much more.
- Go into the earth every day.
- Take nourishment on all levels from the mother. (Mother Earth) In summer it (the earth/den) is dark and cool, but in winter it is warmth and protection…always protection from the elements.
- Sleep. Deep sleep. All needed.
- Feel the feeling of safety and comfort.
I am always in awe and humbled by the profound and wise lessons that animals share with we humans.
What lessons do you receive from the message from Fox?
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Internet users are divided into two camps who disagree with each other's arguments and constantly prove their case. I'm talking about those who use VPN and who avoid it. At the same time, people who use VPN from time to time do not belong to one category or another and, as a rule, remain neutral, taking the best from each camp. In fact, there are many advantages to this phenomenon, but many overly idealize the privacy opportunities they are given. As they say, everything is good in moderation. Now I will try to explain why it is necessary and why it is not necessary to use such an achievement of IT technologies. Simply put, why you need to approach everything wisely and not divide the world into black and white.
The right VPN is good, and the wrong one can only make it worse.
Why use a VPN on your smartphone
There are many different reasons to use a VPN on your smartphone. Whether it's hiding your location so you can view your information privately, or protecting your data when connected to public Wi-Fi hotspots.
Of course, there are countless VPN applications for Android, but this also has its own problems, which I will talk about a little later. But, with the right level of common sense and with so many options, you will have no shortage of choice.
Most applications are usually distributed by subscription. I'm talking about those applications that can be called reliable. However, there are those that provide a certain free traffic volume every month or once upon registration.
Despite all the advantages, VPN user data often leaks onto the network.
The main purpose of a VPN is to hide your real IP address, but VPNs offer a ton of other features, so there are other good reasons to use them on your smartphone Android. Here are five top reasons to use a VPN on your smartphone Android.
How to hide your IP address
Most people want to keep their IP address private when browsing the web. This is because hiding your IP address allows you to remain anonymous and browse the web privately.
You can hide the IP address for security reasons or to make the server think you are in a different country. In any case, VPN apps solve this problem by giving you the opportunity to select a country from a huge list. Chosen, you have been identified as a resident of Australia, and you can use.
How to use Google Play in another country
Using an app store from another country is a really good argument for a VPN because there are always apps and games available only in certain countries. With a VPN, you can bypass regional blockages quite easily. In general, without it, you can watch applications from other regions, but still not all. Some applications and games are blocked, as they say, tightly.
Turned on VPN and you're in another country.
However, there is one caveat. You need to create a Google account in the country you are trying to view on Google Play. For example, if you are trying to access the German Google app store, you need to set up a German account.
And if you are from the US and want to play a certain game, but still need the game to be in English, then you should search the Singapore Play Store because they usually run English games for that region.
Game servers in another region
We must not forget that some games distribute their servers to different countries and impose rather strict restrictions on them. Because of this, you, as a player, will only be limited to a certain area. Not many people think about it, but someone will definitely want to go beyond their “little world”.
Maybe you have a friend who lives in a different country and you want to play games with him on the same server he is connected to. In this case, VPN will be the real way out. You just need to turn on the VPN and select the server of the country that you need.
How to watch content that is not available in Russia
Some content in video and music services is blocked. This applies not only to our country, and is also associated with local restrictions on intellectual property.
For some, a VPN is just a feature, but for others it's a necessity.
If you love to use something like this and often come across situations in which you cannot watch the desired video, a VPN can help you. For example, Netflix has access to Studio Ghibli's movie collection. But only for certain countries.
Connect to the country where Netflix offers this content and then you can see what you are looking for. Not to mention, you save money by not signing up for yet another streaming service.
Data protection on the web
Perhaps the most important reason for using a VPN is security, which cannot but take its place on this list. VPN helps you protect your sensitive data. Most people these days use the Internet from their phones, do banking and much more.
VPN has a downside in terms of security, but this is worth talking about separately below. However, when connecting to questionable networks, VPNs can really be a great security solution. This is due to the fact that a VPN server can give you additional security guarantees. But it may not give.
Why NOT use a VPN
There are also plenty of reasons not to use a VPN. At the same time, there are reasons that do not directly prohibit its use, but call for more attention to the precautions.
Data can be stolen
You have to understand that nothing is free, and even more so in the field of communications. Maintaining a VPN server, or even an entire network, costs a lot of money, and no one will waste it just like that.
It's easier to do this than to do a completely free VPN
Considering that you are pumping your data through an extra server, no one can guarantee that the protection promised to you really works. Even if the data that applications exchange in an encrypted format is not stolen from you, the owner of such a VPN can collect other valuable information about you. Then it can be accumulated and sold.
If you choose a VPN app, pay attention to its reputation. Sometimes it is much better to pay 100-150 rubles a month, but be safe. It is much more interesting for such a VPN to consistently receive your payment for a subscription than to steal your data. They value their reputation and will not waste their money on espionage.
Low connection speed
Whatever one may say, an extra link in the data transmission chain cannot pass without a trace. In any case, it will impose its own restrictions on the connection speed and response time. If the VPN is good, then the effect will be small, but if it is so-so, then you have to put up with slowdowns.
Here it will no longer matter how fast your cellular network or Wi-Fi network works. It's just that the VPN server will impose its own restrictions. It's like transferring data from an HDD to the latest and fastest SSD. The speed will still be limited by the minimum read speed from the HDD, or even by the connector, if it's USB 2.0.
Your connection speed can be tremendous, but a VPN will easily bring it down to earth
There is one more point that rather belongs to the category “must be kept in mind”. I'm talking about the fact that it is often the correct determination of the user's location (of course, approximate) that is very useful in terms of providing the desired content.
If you hide your position, then the systems will not correctly target you. As a result, you will still receive advertising, but it will be something completely extraneous. You will still see news from other regions. And you will still see the weather report, but for some Japanese suburb. So you need to understand whether you really need a VPN, especially on an ongoing basis, or it is better to do without it and use it only in order, for example, to get a discount on an air ticket, which is only available for users from France. Everything should be wise!
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Biometric security is one way that many people are looking to improve security of their information without having to generate increasing longer and more complicated passwords. The most common form or biometric security used is the fingerprint scanner. While they have existed for some time on laptops, they are now found on several popular smartphones. The use of fingerprint scanner security can be easier and more secure than a simple pin but they are not immune to hacking. Both the and biometric security can be circumvented by fake fingerprints. This is done by obtaining a clear image of the fingerprint and then creating a false fingerprint to pass over the sensor. While incidents of such hacking is going to be quite uncommon, there are some steps you can take to help improve the security when using a fingerprint scanner.
The Index Finger Problem
The big problem is that most people assume that you have to use the index finger when use the fingerprint scanner. This is the most natural finger to use for the scanner as we are accustomed to using it to point. Just think about how much you use that finger on the surface of any touchscreen. Since the surfaces are often covered with glass or glossy plastics, fingerprints are a normal occurrence such that we need clean the screen frequently. The problem is that this fingerprint is likely all over a device. Loose your device with a fingerprint scanner and a determined person could probably pull enough of a print somewhere on the device in order to reconstruct it and fool the security.
The next most logical finger to use for a scanner would be the thumb. Once again, this is fairly natural to use because the digit is easy to use by just sticking out one’s thumb. Smartphones can often be held in the palm of a hand and the thumb can be quickly placed on or over a sensor. The problem is that this fingerprint is one of the easiest to obtain by someone looking to bypass security. Just think about how you hold most objects. In order to hold them, you need that thumb in order to provide the pressure to actually grip it. It is also generally held in place and not moved around like your other fingers. The result is a that thumbprints are fairly common especially on the back sides of a device and are often quite complete to recover. This is especially true for any device that has a casing that is prone to fingerprints.
There are three other fingers on a hand that can be used with a fingerprint scanner plus one’s alternate hand that they don’t frequently use to hold or touch a device with. It still isn’t generally recommended that you use the index or thumb from that alternate hand though, so that leaves six total digits that could possibly be used. I typically recommend that you use the ring or pinky finger for the scanner if you want to improve your fingerprint scanners security. We don’t frequently use these fingers on the touchscreens or apply as much pressure when holding a device so there is less change of obtaining a fingerprint to duplicate. This combined with the fact that most people use their other fingers for the scanners means that someone who happens to get access to your device locked with a fingerprint will probably not think trying to duplicate the fingerprints from them.
Convenience Versus Risks
Security is all about mitigating risk. You put a lock on your door to prevent people from entering the door. A determined person can still bypass the door but it is much more difficult. As a result, you are reducing your risk of someone bypassing that door. A fingerprint scanner is another form of security that helps mitigate the risks for technology devices. It is much more difficult to get around of fingerprint scanner than a four digit pass code. This is probably enough for most people to not think much about making it even harder for someone to try and bypass the scanner security. After all, the speed that one can unlock a device with a scanner is pretty quick. Switching what finger your use will make unlocking that device a bit more difficult, just like adding a second lock on your door, but the piece of mind by reducing your risk is something to consider if you use such a biometric security device.
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“Design-thinking firms stand apart in their willingness to engage in the task of continuously redesigning their business…to create advances in both innovation and efficiency—the combination that produces the most powerful competitive edge.” -Roger Martin
I just started a new job this week and my new marketing team is putting a new process in place and going over how my role will be integrated within the process. This is my first experience being a part of a company that is taking the time to put a process in place moving forward so projects are more streamlined and organized. Same goes for the graphic design process and methods. The process within the marketing team has to be pristine for there to be a successful outcome for client projects.
When taking on a new project as a graphic designer, it is important to start off with going over the design process with your team and work together to find new ways to make your project and company stand out. Process in general was first introduced to me when it comes to design. Design is how and why the product functions and to get to that successful product, you had to have a design process implemented.
“One of the key steps of innovation by design is engagement with consumers. Prototypes are created, and then tested, and then refined. It is essential to do this because it minimizes the risk of product or service failure. Organizations learn what customers want, what they like, and what they will refuse to buy. These insights, which can not be effectively gained from methods such as market research or historical data, are essential for designers.” (McKinney, 2016). Having customers sit in meetings and test out prototypes will make them feel more included and involved in the process, but will also lead to a better solution based off of collaboration.
When the process of a design is well thought out, you can tell that there was a clear theme, everyone was on the same page and prepared to present. “Design thinking is our best tool for sense-making, meaning making, simplifying processes, and improving customer experiences.” (Naiman, 2019). Deign thinking and processes work because when you involve stakeholders in the process of developing solutions to solve their problem, there is a better outcome.
What types of processes are in place in your workplace?
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The Basis of Clear Aligners
Orthodontic Clear Aligners: Pros & Cons
Clear aligners have many benefits besides being nearly invisible. One of these would be the dietary restrictions. Or rather, the lack of dietary restrictions. Clear aligners can be removed whenever necessary. Because of this, you can remove your clear aligner during meal times and eat anything you want! Regular braces have many restrictions on crunchy, chewy, sticky and hard foods because they present a risk of breaking a bracket loose from a tooth. With clear aligners, any food or beverage is A-okay. Studies have shown that clear aligners may also faster than traditional braces. Clear aligners are able to apply forces to multiple surfaces on teeth while traditional braces exert force mainly on one single location.
Another benefit of clear aligners is that you don’t have to worry about tearing your cheeks and gums like traditional braces would. Sure, there’s wax to help solve those issues, but wax is uncomfortable, adds bulk to the braces, and may come off at inopportune moments Clear aligners are much more comfortable and don’t pose the harm to your gums like metal braces.
Another great side about aligners is that you can use them as bleach trays. By the time your treatment is finished, your teeth will be straight AND white!
With all the amazing aspects clear aligners have, it only makes sense that there would be one or two negative aspects. One thing that clear aligners can’t do, that braces can, is fix serious misalignment of teeth. Clear aligners can fix lesser issues but there are simply some teeth/jaw issues that absolutely require metal braces. Serious over bites, under bites, narrow arches, and other skeletal deficiencies are simply too much for clear aligners to handle.
Another con is that fact that clear aligners can be lost. Traditional braces can not be removed thus they can’t be misplaced. Clear aligners can be forgotten on lunch trays at school, placed in pockets of pants, and all sorts of other things that teenagers might do with them. If you are worried that your teen might not be the most diligent in keeping track of their trays then perhaps they may not be the best option.
Dr. Jim Ellis, DDS will take the time required to go over the best course of action for your situation and answer all the questions you may have. Knowing the importance of receiving quality dental care, Dr. Ellis strives to make it as pain free as possible while helping set you up with the care you need. Come and see us at our Ogden office or call us today at (801) 394-4519
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Publication Date: January 01, 2009
Today's business leaders increasingly rely on coaches for help in understanding how to act in a demanding and volatile world. These confidants and advisers can earn up to $2,000 per hour. To understand what they do to merit that money, HBR conducted a survey of 140 leading coaches and invited five experts to comment on the findings. Commentators and coaches agreed that the reasons for engaging coaches have evolved over the past decade. Ten years ago, most companies hired a coach to help fix toxic behavior at the top. Today, most coaching is about developing the capabilities of high-potential performers or acting as a sounding board. As a result of this broader mission, there's a lot more fuzziness around coaching engagements, whether it be with regard to how coaches define the scope of engagements, how they measure and report on progress, and what credentials a company should look for when selecting a coach. Do companies and executives get value from their coaches? When we asked coaches to explain the healthy growth of their industry, they said that clients keep coming back because "coaching works." Yet the survey results also suggest that the industry is fraught with conflicts of interest, blurry lines between what is best handled by coaches and what should be left to mental health professionals, and sketchy mechanisms for monitoring the effectiveness of a coaching engagement. The bottom line: Coaching as a business tool continues to gain legitimacy, but the fundamentals of the industry are still very much in flux. In this market, as in so many others today, we have to conclude that the old saw still applies: Buyer beware!
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When we were young plastics was not really an issue. Most of the things including toothpaste tubes were made out of metal so plastic was not a big issue as it is now. Some of you might remember those tins of kimbo which we used to use as we played cha mama and we cooked grass in them. Sometimes managing to get some charcoal or sticks for firewood so that we could cook a “meal” for girls who grew up in the 80’s in Nairobi this was probably part of their reality. Or those tins which we used to poke holes into and put hot charcoal or put on the jiko so that we could hot comb our hair. Hands up if you did that. Paper bags in the supermarkets were made of paper and even bread was wrapped in paper, not plastic. Well some of you might remember those days but some of you were born in the age of plastics in Kenya.
In the 1990s plastics became popular with the rise of capitalism and with it, a problem was born. Plastic pollution. Plastics are a problem everywhere, they block our drainages, they are eaten by animals and sometimes kill them, they pollute our lakes, rivers and streets. The worst thing about plastics is that most of them are not biodegradable so if not disposed of properly they can become a hazard to the environment. Unfortunately, we may think that when they are taken to the dumps they are disposed of properly but that’s not true. While some of the items like plastic bottles are usually taken for recycling or reused most of the other waste like torn plastic bags are either burnt (which is also harmful to the environment) or just left there.
If we can do our part, however little it is, we could help make Kenya and the planet. We can still reuse plastics or other items around the house and I will give you a few tips on how to do that.
1. Carrier bags- you can use this as trash bags. Just line your bin with one and when it is full you can remove it, tie a knot and keep it ready for the trash man.
2. The big biscuit plastic jars can be used to store rice, maize meal etc. You can also store some and take them upcountry where there are many uses for them.
3. Clean plastic jars for things like peanut butter and use them to store odds and ends. You can also use them to store food items like spices or detergent.
4. Buy refill packs for things like Royce, cocoa and coffee and pour them into the plastic containers you had previously bought the product in.
5. Bread paper bags can be used to store things like cooked beans and maize in the fridge.
6. Do your plastic buckets have holes or cracks? Turn it into a litter bin. Or cut it into a smaller bucket and grow plants and flowers to beautify your home or compound.
7. If you have old clothes that are too torn to be thrown away you can turn some into rags for using around the house. You may also have some clothes made out of good quality material but which for some reason cannot be worn why not make cushion covers or table mats.
8. When we were kids eggs came in paper carton trays. Nowadays it is plastic trays. Once you are done with your trays don’t throw them away. I have an auntie who has layers. We keep the cartons for her and give them to her when we see her. As she also gives us eggs it makes it easy to store the eggs when we get them. Look for somebody to give the trays too or reuse them.
9. Scrap paper can be used by your children to make notes or sketches. They can also be turned into paper mache for your children to make things with. You can also do the same with newspapers. There are some pretty cool things to be made with paper mache as can be seen on the show art attack.
10. Recycle some of your waste like potato skins; carrot peels etc. by placing them in your plants to help them grow. You will never have to use fertilizer.
11. Cut off the bottoms of water bottles and plant seedlings in them.
12. You can also use plastic water bottles as an irrigation system. Drill a small hole in the middle of the cap of a plastic water bottle. Put water in the bottle, screw it tightly shut and place it strategically next to a plant where it can drip water into the plant.
14. You can use leftover foil to pack items that need to be kept waterproof. You can also place foil behind plans in the shade to reflect light on them.
15. Reuse plastic bags for shopping until they can’t be used anymore. If you can get the recycled bags that are sold in the supermarket use that for your shopping instead of getting new plastic bags every time you shop.
16. Wash yoghurt cups and use them as cups for drinking water.
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Michigan’s State Of The State Address Date Not Yet Set
The State of the State Address is a speech customarily given once each year by the governors of each of the states of the United States. Michigan's governor, Gretchen Whitmer, has not yet set a date for her speech. It has not been determined if the address will be delivered remotely or in-person.
This would be her fourth speech and this years takes place during an election year as coronavirus case numbers in Michigan and across the U.S. are at record highs. The big difference from last year to this year is that now 63% of Michiganders have been vaccinated. Last years speech was delivered on January 27, 2021.
Why Do You Believe in Michigan?
That is the theme the politician invited K-12 graders to consider while designing the State of the State address program cover.
"Michigan is home to such innovative, creative young people and I am excited to highlight the artistic talents of a young Michigander as part of the 2022 State of the State program. What unites every Michigander is that we all believe in our state, and I am excited to share a student’s artwork that highlights what makes Michigan so special to them. I hope students from all over Michigan show off their skills and submit their entry to the State of the State Art Contest.”
Students may use crayon, marker, paint or any other material in their entries. The deadline to submit artwork is January 16.
On her Tiktok account, Whitmer posted a year end video. She did say, "As we look to 2022, let's come together and continue building a stronger, bolder Michigan."
She said that next year, Michigan can make historic investments of kitchen table issues. She said we can build smooth safe roads and rebuild bridges. Deliver clean water and a great education and ensure every worker in every community can pursue their potential.
The Detroit Free Press is reporting that addressing the ongoing pandemic and deciding how to spend billions of dollars in federal relief money that the Republican-controlled Legislature has not yet appropriated are among Whitmer's priorities for 2022.
Top 10 Highest-Paying Jobs In MI
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Order First Steps to Wealth Here: https://amzn.to/3vEyD4b
First Steps of Wealth by Dani Johnson was one of the longest books that I read for my personal development, but it was one of the best. I think you should read this book because it will inspire you. Since the book was longer, this will be part one of the notes for this book. I hope this helps you with your personal development to that you can be successful in your business. Enjoy!
Laws of Success
Law #1: The Law of Vision: What do you want to do with your life? Write down what you want to do with your life including, career, relationships, where you would like to see yourself in the future.
Law #2: The Law of the Mind:The difference between how 98 percent of people think and how 2 percent of people think is their Mindset.
Law #3: The Law of Value: if you increase your skills, you will increase your pay. What determines your value in the marketplace is not your personality, whether you are shy or bold. It is not your looks or where you were born, but has everything to do with your SKILL.
- Professional Skills- If you invest in your skills, you will earn higher pay.
- People Skills- having great people skills will change every area of your life. When you increase your people skills, you decrease your stress, save money and increase your income. In order to make people feel special and important, let them talk abut themselves and ask them alot of questions.
- Personal Leadership & Development- If you want to be wealthy, the only thing you can afford to do is go to work & produce results. The Law of Value means to work harder on yourself than you do on other people.
Law #4: The Law of Reaping & Sowing– take responsibility;
- Reap & Sow with Money- If you feed your financial problems and are focused on stressing out and not being able to pay your financial bills, you will have more problems. Focus on finding the answer, feed the solution, not the problem.
- If you give encouragement, you will get encouragement. If you want referrals, give referrals. You cannot change people, but you can change yourself.
- The quickest way to no longer fearing rejection is to give acceptance.
Law #5: The Law of Desire: You have a desire to be wealthy, financially, spiritually, and mentally. Desire always reveals design and destiny. It only takes one person to tell you who you are to overcome it all. You need enthusiasm, persistence, and a strong belief and faith in what you are doing to succeed.
- Enthusiasm- You need to have enthusiasm for people to want to be a part of what you are doing. Enthusiasm is what gives us hope and what makes us attractive to other people.
- Persistence- You must be persistent to succeed at anything in life.
- Risk Taking & Adventure- If you are going to succeed in life, you must ignite what is in your DNA and that is your adventurous risk-taking spirit.
- Gift to Get Over It- to become successful, you must have the gift to get over these small things.
- Faith- it needs no evidence, no proof. Faith blindly believes. It changes an individual’s behavior and sets him or her for success.
Law #6: Law of Teachability– You are hungry, pursuing success and willing to learn from masters. Teach me, show me, guide me and you will do anything if your mentors tell you what to do.
- Confronting Ego- Ego comes from pain and ego is there to protect us from experiencing that same kind of pain again. Our enthusiasm, persistence, adventure, and faith gets pushed down by ego.
Law #7: The Law of Forgiveness– Forgiveness will bring you freedom and should become a part of your daily life.
Law #8: Law of Promotion– prosper with what you have and you will be made ruler over much more.
Law #9: The Law of Focus– whatever you focus on is what you get good at. You need to increase your ability to focus and learn new business skills. Whatever you focus on, you get good at. Time is something you never get back again and it is more valuable than money.
- Highly successful people are very good with their time.
- People are not loyal to the products, they are loyal to the people.
- Remember, your product is people- finding out what they need and giving it to them so they will come back for more and give you referrals. Selling is about building relationships and growing your influence
- The professional looks for the long-term benefits of a mutually empowered relationship, a situation where both parties feel they have gained and benefited from each other.
- Core Rapport Methodology- Make friends first- Talk to every stranger the way you talk to your friends. Be friendly, warm and inviting. Show Genuine Interest and let people talk about themselves.
- Listen- Listening is being genuinely interested. It makes you trustworthy to another person. Use direct eye contact, do not interrupt and ask more questions after listening so you can learn what makes that person tick.
- Words of Encouragement- Give compliments; People love encouragement.
- Use their name- it is the most important thing to every human on the planet.
- Practice Business Development- You want to have a long-term business relationship. Use Business Developer on your business cards and not Salesperson on your business card.
- Non-verbal Communication- How you hold your body, posture, gestures, how you move, facial expressions, and tone of voice. People can hear fear in your voice even with the right script. Body language also includes Smiling.
- Verbal Communication: Tone of voice- have a bright sound and uplifting voice, do not be fake.
Law #10: The Law of Honor– Honoring people is the number one key to successful relationships. If you honor people, they will honor you.
FORM is Family, Occupation and Recreation, and Message. Use FORM to talk to people. Ask them about their family, their occupation and what they like to do for fun and then give your message. Share your message and introduce them to your presentation. Put focus on the other person and take focus off of you. Look for their SIGN-Strengths, Interests, Goals and Needs.
“Changing yourself is the only absolute guarantee of something you can change. When you understand how you are designed and how others were designed, you can learn to work together in harmony.” Dani Johnson
Hope this Helps,
Comment your thoughts below!
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Courses Master Display 2014-2015
|Course Description||To PDF|
|Course title||Family Business|
For more information: firstname.lastname@example.org
|Language of instruction||English|
To introduce students to the management challenges faced by family businesses;
To discuss theoretical frameworks that will help students in analyzing management problems in family firms;
To allow students to apply the knowledge gathered to case studies as well as to a real-life family firms.
This course introduces students to the unique management issues facing the Organisational form of family firms. The course addresses the importance and distinctive nature of family businesses, and familiarizes students with central theories (agency theory, stewardship theory, socioemotional wealth theory) and topics (e.g., succession, governance, entrepreneurship) covered in the academic family business literature. The course uses a combination of topical readings, lecture, case discussion, and assignments to explore and illustrate family business issues.
Academic journal articles; Case studies
This Master-level course familiarizes students with the specifics of the Organisational form of family businesses, and requires a general understanding of business concepts and management theories.
an advanced level of English
|Teaching methods (indicative; course manual is definitive)||PBL / Presentation / Lecture / Groupwork|
|Assessment methods (indicative; course manual is definitive)||Final Paper / Participation / Written Exam|
|Evaluation in previous academic year||For the complete evaluation of this course please click "here"|
|This course belongs to the following programmes / specialisations||
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Why in News?
The Union government has extended the scheme to provide Rs.40 crore grants-in-aid to the Dalai Lama’s Central Tibetan Relief Committee (CTRC) for another five years, up to fiscal year 2025-26.
- The scheme provides for an annual grant of Rs.8 crore to CTRC to cover the administrative expenses of Settlement Offices and social welfare expenses for Tibetan refugees living in Tibetan settlements spread across 12 States/UTs in the country.
What is the Central Tibetan Relief Committee?
- Central Tibetan Relief Committee was launched in 2015. The prime objective of the committee is to coordinate Individual, Voluntary Agencies and Indian Government’s efforts to rehabilitate and settle Tibetan Refugees.
- It includes members from each of the 53 Tibetan settlements in India, Nepal and Bhutan.
- The committee is dedicated to preserving the cultural and religious heritage of Tibet and building and maintaining sustainable, democratic communities in exile.
- It is dependent on generous international assistance from governments, particularly India, Nepal and Bhutan, philanthropic organisations and individuals.
- All the CTRC activities are performed with consent and support from the Board of Directors and approval from TPiE (Tibetan Parliament in Exile).
- The TPiE has its headquarters in Dharamsala (in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh) according to which over 1 lakh Tibetans are settled across India.
- From 1912 until the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, no Chinese government exercised control over what is today China’s Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR).
- Numerous Tibetans insist they were essentially independent for most of that time and have protested what they regard as China’s rule imposed after the People’s Liberation Army occupied TAR in 1950.
- Only the Dalai Lama’s government alone ruled the land until 1951. Tibet was not “Chinese” until Mao Zedong’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) marched in and made it so.
- This has often been reported by the Tibetan people and third party commentators as “a cultural genocide”.
- The unsuccessful Tibetan Uprising of 1959, in which Tibetans rebelled in an attempt to supplant the Chinese government, led to the fleeing of the 14th Dalai Lama to India.
- On 29 April 1959, Dalai Lama formed the Tibetan exile administration in the north Indian hill station of Mussoorie.
- This is the continuation of the government of independent Tibet and named as the Central Tibetan Administration (CTA) of His Holiness the Dalai Lama.
- In May 1960, the CTA was moved to Dharamsala.
India’s Tibet Policy-
- For many centuries Tibet was India’s actual neighbour, as most of India’s boundaries and the 3500km LAC is with the Tibetan Autonomous Region (TAR), and not the rest of China.
- In 1914, it was Tibetan representatives together with the Chinese that signed the Simla convention with British India that delineated boundaries.
- However, after China’s full accession of Tibet in 1950, that China declined the convention and the McMahon line that divided the two countries.
- Furthermore, in 1954, India signed an agreement with China, agreed to recognize Tibet as “Tibet region of China”.
- In 1959, following the Tibetan uprising, the Dalai Lama (spiritual leader of Tibetan people) and numerous of his followers fled to India.
- Former Prime Minister Jawahar Lal Nehru provided him and Tibetan refugees shelter and assisted in setting up the Tibetan government in exile.
- The official Indian policy is that the Dalai Lama is a spiritual leader and the Tibetan community in India, with more than a lakh exiles, is not permitted to undertake any political activity.
- In the event of rising tensions between India and China, there has been a shift in India’s Tibet Policy.
- This shift in the policy indicates that the Indian government actively managing with the Dalai Lama in public forums.
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