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by Alena Behrens and Nicole Clasen
In this article, Alena Behrens and Nicole Clasen from the User Services team at the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics report on the background, method, questions and results of their photo study among students. The key feature: the participants were only allowed to answer the five questions with photos. Text answers or comments were not possible. 19 students took part and sent 108 photos: of how they work, take their breaks and what their after-work rituals are. Alena Behrens and Nicole Clasen present the most interesting findings, draw conclusions about how new learning spaces in libraries need to be designed, and reveal what role candles play in this:
User experience research (UX research) is characterised by spending a lot of time with your users, including their emotional level and questioning behaviours to learn as much as possible about the users. But how can you build this connection when libraries are closed for weeks and people are called to physically distance themselves from each other? The ZBW’s User Services team has dared to attempt a UX survey during the pandemic.
Approach and setting
Due to the pandemic-related requirements at the time of implementation in autumn 2021, it quickly became clear that the project should be carried out online as far as possible. The opening hours of the libraries were very limited. Only a few users worked in the library on site, and most of the staff worked from their home offices.
The question for us, however, was obvious: How do students learn at home during the pandemic? What stresses or disturbs them about this work situation? How do students deal with these changed learning conditions without a lecture hall or library? And what can we learn from this to adapt and improve the future design of the learning spaces?
A suitable UX method quickly emerged for these questions: the Photo Studies (term after Andy Priestner).
Photo Studies from home
In the Photo Studies method, the participants answer the questions posed with photos they have taken themselves. This was suitable for our question for two reasons: First, it gives us a very good insight into how the students set themselves up to study at home. Second, we were able to comply with all hygiene measures by establishing contact via email and sending the photos to us digitally. In addition, the students were quite flexible in terms of when they answered the questions. They could take the photos at their leisure and decide what should be in the photos.
The following five questions were to be answered with photos:
- Where is the favourite place to study/work and what is the most important object?
- What did the workplace look like (during an online lecture)?
- How is the break organised?
- What was the most annoying/challenging thing in the last few months?
- What does the after-work ritual look like?
Photos and findings
A total of 19 students participated in the study with 108 photos. So not everyone sent the exact number of five photos. The User Services team analysed the photos anonymously. By sending them, the students agreed to this and also that we could use the photos in presentations, articles, etc. The number of photos gave us a good insight into the working and learning conditions of home studying.
Workplaces and stress points
Important for working are a stable internet connection and good work equipment, such as technical equipment, a desk and chair. These are also the biggest stress points if they do not meet the requirements: An interference-prone internet connection is a hindrance for online lectures, and uncomfortable chairs cause back pain.
Only half of the participants work at a proper desk, the other half sit at the kitchen table or other converted tables. The space situation in general is often cramped. It is usually not possible to switch between work and leisure time.
Breaks and after-work rituals
The participants like to spend their breaks outside and in motion, e.g. on a walk, also with friends. After work, on the other hand, they spend most of their time at home. This is also in line with the usual pandemic-related requirements at the time of implementation.
As an after-work ritual, we received many sports pictures, from boxing and running to the yoga mat, many individual sports were included. The cosy sofa for relaxing should not be missing either.
Environment and decoration
As we already found out in our 2018 survey, the environment and atmosphere of the learning space play a major role. Implementing these needs in their own homes presented challenges for the students, but they were able to solve them. For a pleasant dose of daylight and fresh air, the learning spaces were often close to the window. They decorated the space with plants and candles. Drinks, especially coffee and tea, and snacks were also not to be missed.
- Conclusion 1: Equip learning spaces well
For us, it was rather surprising that after three semesters of purely digital study, many students still work with rather provisional solutions. Many work at the dining table or have placed a small table in the corner of the room. In most cases, there is only one laptop available, and there are no additional monitors. This is definitely a starting point for libraries to provide well-equipped learning spaces. This starts with large tables and comfortable, ergonomic chairs, and can be extended by technical equipment, e.g. by offering additional monitors to make working easier. Areas where you can work alone and still participate in online seminars were rare in libraries before the pandemic. We will consider this form of work in the future.
- Conclusion 2: Create spaces for social interaction
What has often been missing since the beginning of the Corona pandemic, but is all the more essential, is social contact. For libraries, this means on the one hand that places to work together in groups are important. There is often not enough space for this in small shared rooms. Areas for common breaks and social meeting places to exchange ideas and continue working creatively are also desired. Areas where small yoga and relaxation breaks can be taken can also offer added value. After sitting for a long time, many people feel the need to move, as the photos have confirmed.
- Conclusion 3: Developing the library together with students
It is very exciting to get an impression of students’ personal workplaces. The very positive feedback from the participants also showed us that they appreciate it when you want to respond to their personal needs. What was surprising for us was that we were given such open and personal insights. Thus, we can draw on an instructive and informative pool of knowledge and inspiration to design user services for the changing needs of learning and studying after the pandemic. With this knowledge, we can further develop the services in a targeted and needs-oriented manner.
Reflection on method and procedure
For the circumstances (Corona pandemic, home office/studying) and the question from this context, the method of photo studies was very well suited. We gained an insight into students’ private learning environments that we could hardly have gained otherwise. In this online implementation, in contrast to previous face-to-face on-site studies, we did not conduct any subsequent interviews. If we were to conduct them again, we would also combine the online studies with a small interview. This would give the participants the opportunity to explain their images. For some, there was a lot of room for interpretation and an explanation would have facilitated the exact interpretation.
However, this kind of implementation does not replace personal contact. Being able to talk to the students on site and to personally guide the UX methods is a great benefit. It enables a fluent dialogue and exchange.
This text has been translated from German.
This might also interest you:
- Podcast with Nicole Clasen: Experiencing a Digital Library (German)
- Studying Students: The Undergraduate Research Project at the University of Rochester (PDF)
- User Experience for Libraries: The Best Tools and Methods for Beginners
- User Experience in Libraries: 4 Best Practice Examples from the ZBW
- You can find more articles from our international series on user experience in libraries under the keyword “User Experience”
- Libraries as a Place After Corona: Hybrid and Participatory?
- The library as a “public living room”: Impressions from library trips to Scandinavia, the Netherlands and Colombia – an interview (German)
- Inspiring libraries: Dokk1 in Aarhus, Denmark, Utrecht University Library
Nicole Clasen is Head of User Services at ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics. Her work focuses on information transfer, digital user services and the usability experience. LinkedIn and Twitter.
Portrait: ZBW©, photographer Sven Wied
Alena Behrens works as a librarian in the user services department at the ZBW – Leibniz Information Centre for Economics. In addition to working at the service desk, her work focuses on information mediation and user experience. She can also be found on Twitter.
Portrait: Alena Behrens©
The post The Ideal Place for Students to Learn: Results of a ZBW Photo Study first appeared on ZBW MediaTalk. | <urn:uuid:eefef606-e7e0-4933-88a7-b90c59ec57ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://openscience.cmb.med.rug.nl/?cat=6301 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.966405 | 1,902 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Licenses protect the software company and the end-user, as unlicensed software is illegal and can cost you time and money. However, it can also affect output and proficiency. Hence, different types of licenses are accessible for relating the connection between software and users. In This article, you will learn about software licensing for checking out the exceptional offer that can save you money! Navicosoft offers many licenses and Software like M.S. Office and various varieties of Windows to the vendors and computer users. Hence, these licenses protect the software company from developing web applications in your systems.
Let’s have a brief introduction to software licenses:
The software users and designers benefit from a better-quality apprehension about software licensing. While different types of permits are accessible for linking the connection between software and users. Thus, it is a specialized technique vital for decreasing or restructuring software. ACCORDING TO U. S COPYRIGHT LAW, the U.S. government established the software in elementary code and individual code systems to secure the copyright.
Are you copywriting versus ownership of a software license?
Most companies utilize open-source software companies’ business photocopies with a license. Unfortunately, though, there is no shift of ownership of the right to the user. So, it wasn’t sure the assertion of the software’s lifetime accessibility. Also, it is not allowed to business or lease, and you cannot deliver it to anyone else and cannot copy or transfer the license on the Web.
Therefore, Licensing terms and conditions could claim supplementary articles that users cannot transfer openly. For instance, the user cannot move using a buyer link and can entirely obtain or waste, thus reinstating the license to the seller. Again, though, this privilege is efficiently applicable where the high quality provides a required time for the license letdown, exactly after purchasing the license.
What Exactly Does a cheap cPanel?
cPanel is a software that delivers users an easy way to adjust their Web hosting accounts. So, it originated on GUI, providing open access to controls that you can use to run your Web hosting accounts. You can buy cPanel licenses from any well-known company like Navicosoft.
For example, by employing WHCP, you can do many tasks such as:
- To Install various web applications,
- Organize the DNS settings,
- achievement email accounts,
- sketch your supply consumption.
What exactly is Software Licensing?
Most software is licensed, and cannot sell, which means there are conditions the end-user must trail. However, the terms and conditions are usually defined in the Software License Agreement and typically comprise rules and limits on using the software. For instance, the Software License Agreement typically outlines how long you can use the software, like 12 months. Also, how many computers you can install it on, and what forms of uses are allowed, e.g. educational vs. commercial use. Moreover, it also contains limits on reverse engineering, selling, or relocating the software.
What is the significance of Software Licensing?
Cheap licenses protect the software company’s intellectual property and the end-user. For example, someone could buy the software, reverse-engineer it, and sell a stop-work version. However, the software company oversights the revenue, and the end-user gets an illegal copy of the software, which could lead to performance issues and cybersecurity extortions.
If an end-user disrupts the terms of the software agreement, they could misplace the privilege to use the software or be forced to pay a fine. Therefore, Individuals and organizations should read and thoroughly understand the terms of the software license and certify passivity.
Reasons for using Licensed Software
Using Unlicensed Software Is illegitimate:
Using unlicensed software exposures leads to legal and monetary risk. Therefore, using unlicensed software is deliberated software piracy. Thus, Software piracy states to the illegal use, duplication, or distribution of copyrighted software.
The copyright holders can take legal action against you, and the government can force you to pay costs. Whereas relying on the cruelty of the heresy, they could also select to seek their liability, meaning they could hold you individually responsible, specifically if you are a manager or director and knew about or inspired the use of unlicensed software. Therefore, some people think they won’t get held using unlicensed software. Unluckily, they are faulty.
Companies have a monetary policy to impose software damages. According to the Business Software Alliance, software companies misplace about $46 billion per year due to unlicensed software. However, some tools and services categorize unlicensed software users and assist companies in recovering revenue.
Licensed software provides Better Protection:
Licensed software reduces the risk of cybersecurity occurrences. So, did you know that you face approximately one-in-three chances of meeting malware when you get or install unlicensed software? Although, Accounts have revealed that people and organizations who use unlicensed PC software encounter more malware than those who don’t. Why? Thus, the answer is: that cybercriminals can pre-install or insert malware in the software and utilize it to get an unauthorized approach to your information. However, a survey conducted by BSA exposed that users rated malware among the top three reasons to evade unlicensed software.
Licensed Software Saves Money:
Licensed software saves money and upsurge productivity. Hence, it is adequate to pay for the licensed software and evade many problems. According to the BSA, setting problems with malware from unlicensed software can cost more than $10,000 per infested computer. However, various types of software licenses can fit your requirements. Therefore, buying numerous requests from different people can get expensive. There are frequently multi-user packages or volume licenses accessible that can save you time and money.
If you are part of an organization or business, it can assist in having a strategy on software licensing and rejecting the use of unlicensed software in writing. Therefore, cheap software licenses protect the software company positively and can save you a lot of bothers in every aspect in the long run. | <urn:uuid:4394b9c5-e728-4a2a-ac67-60feef574014> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.smartstimer.com/how-do-software-licenses-protect-the-software-company-and-end-users/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.927791 | 1,261 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Panaji … 24/09/2017 …The Goa State Commission for Protection of Child Rights in collaboration with COOJ Mental Health Foundation will be conducting an awareness programme to commemorate World Suicide Prevention Day on 10th September.
You are requested to cover this program on 27/09/2017 between 2:30pm to 4:30pm at the Seminar hall, ground floor, Secretariat, Porvorim, Goa.
This programme is part of COOJ’s month long campaign called “Yellow Bardez” within Bardez district. It will help to create awareness that suicide is preventable, risk factors and basic intervention, to understand psychological needs of the community and sensitize stakeholders and develop a network of partners within the community.
Smt. Nila Mohanan, IAS. Collector, North Goa District, will be the Chief Guest for this function. | <urn:uuid:7f7d7f79-53e3-468c-81e4-b2786903c62e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.goanreporter.com/awareness-programme-to-commemorate-world-suicide-prevention-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.907375 | 183 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Like Apple, Samsung also loves to show us new user experience technologies with its smart sensing and eye-tracking features, which will be included on the upcoming Galaxy S4. However, recent reports say that future Samsung tablets may include the brain sensing feature. The technology was originally developed for people with impairments, but with some further developments it should be usable for average consumers.
While webpage scrolling using the eye-tracking technology is considered as gimmick by many, the innovative brain sensing capability would be considered as breakthrough. Tablet users can browse the web and check their email without even lifting a finger.
The technology is based on identifying brain activity through EEG. The picked up signal can be used to control user interface on tablets. Theoretically, EEG sensors attached on the head can transmit data to tablet through Bluetooth. Researchers from UT Dallas and Samsung have identified specific brain activity patterns when they perform repetitive visual tasks. For now, the brain sensing technology is still far from the implementation stage. | <urn:uuid:32090fd0-76a1-451b-9b97-079c9782e309> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.latesttab.com/future-samsung-tablets-may-include-brain-sensing-technology | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.950824 | 196 | 2.40625 | 2 |
American realist painter John Whalley has lived all over the East Coast, from New York to Rhode Island to Maine. During a five-year stint in a remote part of Pennsylvania, Whalley found inspiration not just from the landscape but from its inhabitants, too.
“In the 1980s, I was working at an orphanage in Pennsylvania. It was a children’s home for 50 kids and was located on a working farm. It was in a beautiful, very remote part of Pennsylvania up in the mountains. When I first walked on the land, I felt like I was home. I worked there for five years and set up an art therapy program where the kids would come in every day in groups of three or four, and we would work on individual projects.
The boys would go out to do their chores every day on the farm, and they were always leaving tools around. I walked into the woodshed one day, where they kept the tools, and found the kids had left an axe and a shovel leaning against the wall. I just loved the scene. I sat there and did some sketches of it, as well as the shed door and maple trees outside where the farmer was collecting maple sap for syrup-making. Some years later, I thought to revisit this scene as an egg tempera painting.
The boys were always leaving things here and there. Little did they know that, in doing so, they were leaving me with such inspiration as well. I’m actually still in touch with a few of these ‘kids’ now, some 30 years later.”
Permission required for reprinting, reproducing, or other uses. | <urn:uuid:8cb06e7f-0b0a-4f24-b45d-1b3bc4dc6d8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theamericanscholar.org/john-whalley/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.991777 | 342 | 1.796875 | 2 |
The Institute of Digital Games is the centre for research and education in game design, game analysis, and game technology at the University of Malta.
Our work is at the forefront of innovative games research. We explore games and play, uncovering new playful and generative possibilities in game design and technology. We delve into everything games can teach us about ourselves.
Our multidisciplinary academic team spans computer science, literature, game design, philosophy, media studies, and social sciences.
Read our latest report: IDG Annual Report - Academic Year 2020/21
David developed an innovative model for understanding board game involvement for his thesis.
It is an environment roaring with ideas, thoughts, games, prototypes, concepts. It was a period when I felt constantly inspired.
Rebecca is researching narrative in games. As part of her thesis, she developed a choice-driven video game.
Practice in the form of game project assignments and a supportive teaching staff really boost your confidence as a game designer!
The Institute feels like a little community that you're part of.
William's research explored the procedural generation of multi-floor levels for first-person shooters.
Being involved in the research process, I realised how passionate everyone at IDG is about their research.
Blog What we have been up to lately
During the 2015-2016 academic year, IDG student Suus de Kock developed a video game titled "Sedna" for the purposes of the Prototyping for Game Designers course. Sedna is a short 2D side-scroller that puts the player in the shoes of an Inuit shaman … read more
During the 2015-2016 academic year, IDG student Sven Kniestedt developed a video game titled "Bard" for the purposes of the Prototyping for Game Designers course. Bard is an educational game designed to help children recognize musical notes and begin to learn … read more
During the calendar year of 2016, the Institute of Digital Games was happy to host many experts in the field of games and academia in general, in our ongoing Game Lecture Series. Find below a summary list of all Game Lectures in 2016. Don't forget that Game … read more
Every last Thursday of the month, the Institute of Digital Games at the University of Malta is opening its doors to the public for an informal event where we play board games and socialise. Attendees can play one of the many board games … read more
We are kicking off the Game Lecture Series for the new academic year (2016-2017) with IDG's own Stefano Gualeni taking 'The Experience Machine' and moving it to the modern era -- where virtual worlds and virtual reality are... well... 'real'. The lecture is … read more | <urn:uuid:4d8e8f13-23da-4ddf-b9e2-a9f2a7eb41b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://game.edu.mt/page28 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.928579 | 563 | 1.804688 | 2 |
‘Canned hunts’ call for better regulation
In the past few years, Ohio has waged war against natural predators — namely Asian carp in Lake Erie and the emerald ash borer in the state’s trees. Sometimes, it doesn’t feel like a fair fight. The carp wreak havoc on the Buckeye State’s waterways, eating much of the plankton that native fish need. The ash borers kill trees that populate parks, backyards and wooded areas throughout the landscape.
But another unfair fight continues in Ohio, one that puts deer, elk and other animals in fenced-in preserves and sends “hunters” out to harvest them. There are 518 such high-fence hunting areas in the state, ranking Ohio fourth in the country for them. It’s no wonder deer hunting is a million-dollar business each year.
The hunt isn’t much of a hunt at all. Essentially, it comes down to money. If you’ve got the cash, you can get the deer or elk you always have wanted to bag.
As most avid hunters know, however, there is a vast difference between hunting on a fenced-in preserve — even if it is 700 or more acres — and hunting in the truly unfettered wild, despite what proponents of so-called “canned hunts” say. Sure, people who fork out cash get to pursue their game, but the odds often are stacked in the hunter’s favor. Some preserve owners use legal — but ethically questionable — tactics, such as motion-activated cameras to track animal patterns and planting specific crops to attract the bucks to a certain spot. It’s not difficult to see the difference in the approaches.
Add to those concerns ones about domesticated deer that don’t fear humans, concerns about chronic wasting and other diseases and a lack of regulation on the preserves — clearly the need for some type of uniform guidelines is evident.
That’s why, as a recent Indianapolis Star and Media Network of Central Ohio series pointed out, Congress should amend the Humane Methods of Slaughter Act or the Animal Welfare Act to better regulate the hunts going on inside the fences. The Lacey Act also must be kept intact to allow for prosecution of people who violate the law. States also can look at their laws and increase the number of random checks for disease and property inspections.
At a time when the captive-deer industry is pulling down regulations, it’s time to create common standards to ensure they play by the rules and make sure they are doing all they can to stop disease from spreading.
The existence of the deer hunting preserves is an arguable topic. What’s not arguable is the state’s obligation to make sure the industry adheres to ethical standards and does it’s best to be good neighbors to the sportsmen of the state. | <urn:uuid:f7ae8976-1abd-499f-ba31-65377b9d5647> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newarkadvocate.com/story/news/2014/04/05/canned-hunts-call-for-better-regulation/7313261/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947326 | 604 | 2.40625 | 2 |
When we speak of education, we cannot overstress the importance of vision and visual skills that are required to make learning easier. Over 80% of all knowledge is absorbed through vision and if a child has a vision impairment, their academic potential can be severely impacted. Luckily, many such impairments are treatable and can through functional activities be improved to a degree that allows them to progress without major problems.
You are not alone on this journey: up to 15% of all children have a form of vision impairment that can be treated with vision therapy and over 10,000 children have already undergone the training program AmblyoPlay to treat such problems as lazy eye (amblyopia), strabismus, convergence and divergence problems, and double vision.
Join us in this Back to School promotion and unlock your child’s potential. Don’t let treatable problems be an obstacle on the path to academic excellence!
AmblyoPlay® is a vision therapy solution that is performed through playing therapeutic games and exercises on your tablet or computer for 30 minutes per day. With exercises that adapt to each patient and their specific needs, it is ideal solution for problems such as lazy eye, strabismus, convergence insufficiency, double vision or other binocular problems.
I’m a 25-year-old girl. I have amblyopia on one eye and I’m also legally blind on that eye. I discovered Amblyoplay on the Internet and decided to try it out even though since I was a child the eye doctors always told me that in my case there’s nothing that can be done to improve my vision.
Now that I’m using the program for almost six months I definitely notice improvement with eye convergence and acuity. For the first time, I am able to read something with my lazy eye. In addition, the vision is a lot more detailed and that’s amazing. I still haven’t done a great improvement but I hope that it just takes time since I’m an adult and my case is hard to treat. Amblyoplay is absolutely worth giving a try even for adults!
Amblyoplay has been a blessing to us and to our 7 year old granddaughter. She has been using the program for many months and every time we go for a vision checkup the doctor says there is “noticeable improvement”…and that is what matters to us. Nora loves the program and she really loves the new updates to the program. She came running into my room last night with her Amblyoplay glasses on holding the IPAD excited to show me what was new and what she had done. For anyone who has a child with this kind of vision issues, I can tell you from personal experience that the program is well worth the money. Your child will thoroughly enjoy the program without even noticing what great therapy they are receiving. Just a wonderful idea and a well-implemented program. We cannot thank you enough.
My daughter struggled in school for years before I was suggested AmblyoPlay. After two months we checked her eyes. Her prescription improve and her brain was starting to use that eye again! Amblyo is amazing. It’s fun for my daughter and WORKS! What a great way to improve her eyes with the “hard work”. She not longer struggles as much with reading and her school grades have gone from D’s and C’s, to being on honor roll! We are about to go back for another eye exam after using AblyoPlay for six months and I can’t wait to see the results. Thank you!
As we strive to provide you with the best possible vision therapy experience, our team is implementing constant improvements and changes. Most of these changes can be implemented without interrupting the use of AmblyoPlay, but our next update will require a bit more work and maintenance.
For this reason, we would like to notify everyone that AmblyoPlay servers will be down on Wednesday, July 27th between: 7am to 11am GMT // 3am to 7am EDT // midnight to 4am PDT // 5pm to 9pm AEST
You can see the times also HERE!
Since the update to our backend is a big one, there can be some unexpected issues we will have to resolve during the deploy, so we reserve the right to potentially expand the planned maintenance.Should you experience any problems, do not hesitate to contact us at [email protected]! | <urn:uuid:1e109abc-5a40-4222-b8c9-1f05eb6c99a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.amblyoplay.com/back-to-school-2022/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.962433 | 943 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Locating underground cables can be a hassle for most technicians because you need to conduct exploratory digging. This increases the risk of damage to buried cables because usually you do not have any idea how deep to dig and where to safely dig. To help you with this problem, consider using an underground cable locator.
The Amprobe AT-3000 is a reliable and compact cable locator that can help you locate energized and deenergized cables and even pipes. It has the ability to determine the depth and the route of the cable. This eliminates the need for exploratory digging and saves you time and effort.
- ±10% accuracy in locating cables
- Large and clear LCD display
- Audio indicator
- 2 single-wound, four-section symmetrical response search antennas
- Manual and semi-automated gain control
- Durable polyethylene case that can withstand 1 meter drops
- Powered by 8 LR6 batteries
- Weighs only 2.2kg
- BSEN6120 and NEMA 20-1991 compliant
If you need cable testing equipment or other diagnostic devices, consider getting them fromProtec. We can supply you with electrical test equipment through various acquisition services like rental or leasing. Call a representative at 1-866-352-5550 to learn more about our services. | <urn:uuid:eedb4464-db31-494e-b6a3-aad8dd321dd6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://protecequip.com/blog/determine-the-depth-and-route-of-buried-cables-easily-with-the-amprobe-at-3000/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.905801 | 276 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Differentiated Reading Instruction
In this webcast, Carol Ann Tomlinson, G. Michael Pressley, and Louise Spear-Swerling outline the most effective strategies teachers can use to address the many different needs of each of their students — so that all kids get the chance to learn to read.
Robert reads well in Spanish but speaks very little English. Marisa has trouble decoding basic stories. And Ms. Johnson, their second grade teacher, must teach them both to read – along with 23 other students. How? She must differentiate classroom instruction.
Differentiated Reading Instruction: Teaching Every Child is a 60-minute webcast that outlines the most effective strategies teachers can use to address the many different needs of each of their students – so that kids capable of learning to read, like Robert and Marisa, won't fall behind.
Carol Ann Tomlinson is a professor in the educational leadership, foundations and policy department at the University of Virginia. Her career as an educator includes 21 years as a public school teacher, with 12 years as a program administrator of special services for struggling and advanced learners.
G. Michael Pressley is a professor of educational psychology and teacher education. In recent years, his most notable work has been documenting the nature of primary-grade classrooms where engagement and achievement are high.
Louise Spear-Swerling is a professor of special education and the reading and area coordinator of the Graduate Program in learning disabilities at Southern Connecticut State University.
Articles and books about differentiated reading instruction
Books by our presenters
- After listening to the panel discuss differentiated reading instruction, discuss ways in which you are already providing differentiated reading instruction within your classroom. Provide specific examples of instructional choices and grouping practices that you make to provide students with multiple options for taking in information, making sense of ideas, and expressing what they learn based on readiness and interest.
- The four key aspects of differentiated instruction are modification of content, process, product, and learning environment. Reflect on a lesson or an activity that you use in your own reading program. Provide some examples of how you might modify this lesson to meet the different learning needs of all of your students.
- The panelists discussed the importance of using pre-assessment activities to determine the individual needs of your students. Once again reflect on a lesson or a unit that you use in your language arts or reading program. What types of pre-assessment activities could you develop to determine the level of understanding of each student? How could you use this information to differentiate instruction?
- Carol Tomlinson tells us that curriculum is the ultimate identifier of potential. Do you agree with this statement? How can a differentiated curriculum help you to identify potential in your students? Conversely, how can a differentiated curriculum help you to better serve those students who struggle with reading?
Delia Pompa: Hello. I'm Delia Pompa. Welcome to this year's first Reading Rockets teleconference. Today we're going to talk about a perennial challenge for reading teachers, teaching to the many different levels of young readers in each classroom.
We've gathered three of the nation's leading experts in the field to help us. Dr. Carol Ann Tomlinson is professor of educational leadership, foundations, and policy at the University of Virginia. And Dr. Louise Spear-Swerling is professor of special education and the reading area coordinator of the graduate program in learning disabilities at Southern Connecticut State University. Dr. Michael Pressley is professor of educational psychology at Michigan state university.
We are also joined by an audience of teachers, administrators, special education professionals, and parents from across the country, and in Quebec. Later in the program we will be taking questions from our studio audience.
Let's begin with Dr. Tomlinson. Here's the question of the day–how can one teacher address the individual needs of every child in the class so that they all become strong, confident readers?
Dr. Carol Ann Tomlinson: Well, I think an honest answer probably is that no teacher can be all things to all students all the time. But I think the real truth of teaching is that if our goal is to understand the particular needs of students, and we stay in pursuit of that, and we try to address those needs as we can come to understand them, we're likely to do a lot better job for more students than if we assume they're all basically alike.
Delia: Set the scene for us. What does an ideal differed classroom look like?
Dr. Tomlinson: An ideal differentiated classroom is a flexible one, and I don't think there's a particular recipe for a differentiated classroom. What you're really hoping for is a teacher who establishes flexible routines well enough so that when the teacher is aware of particular students' needs, there will be at least some times in the classrooms where different students are doing different things to address those needs.
Maybe at some point a teacher would be meeting with one small group of students who have a particular need that she's able to address more appropriately within that small group. At the same time, you might have some students working at learning centers with particular skills that assessments indicate they need. And the centers can be tailored to those particular needs. Might have some students working with one another to discuss books or to share reading on a topic that they find interesting, together. And you might still have some other students working at a table or a desk on reading or writing things that are particular to their needs.
There will always be times when the teacher needs to meet with the whole class and keep them a community of learners, but the trick really is to establish routines where at least some of the time multiple things can happen so that students are working in areas that are closer to their particular needs.
Delia: What are the first steps that a reading teacher might take to create a differentiated classroom?
Dr. Tomlinson: Well, I really think there probably are three big elements to a good differentiated classroom. One of those is being very aware of what the components of successful reading are. And I think that takes time for us as teachers. It's a complex endeavor, and to understand those facets, the different elements and the particular skills within those is important, and I think that's a lifelong pursuit for teachers.
I think the second thing is to become more and more skilled at being aware of student needs, really watching kids as individuals and trying to attend to them, both formally and informally to get a sense of what's working for a student in relation to those goals and what's not working for a particular student.
Then I think the third big piece is to figure out how to be more and more flexible as a classroom teacher. How can I use space more flexibly than I have been? What can I do to be more flexible with time use than maybe I have been? What about resources? Is there a way to get more resources or to use the resource has I have more flexibly?
And an important thing in starting for teachers is to realize that differentiation is not apart from good teaching, it's a part of good teaching. So by doing those sort of standard good teaching things, you can become better and better. I think an important piece of advice for teachers is to begin with something that seems manageable. I think often as teachers we feel so compelled to do everything perfectly for students that we want to get it all right tomorrow, we want it all perfect next week, then that becomes overwhelming, so we decide it's not within our reach and we give it up.
A teacher might decide simply to do one vocabulary routine differently for different students or might begin with whole-class reading, then just different work that the students do with it. I think you constantly have to refresh yourself on the components of reading to which you're aiming and continually refine your assessment skills and your awareness of students. When it comes to the routines, beginning in a way that seems small and safe and effective to that teacher is a great starting place.
Delia: That's a very thoughtful process, practice, lots of practice.
Dr. Tomlinson: Absolutely.
Delia: What is the role of assessment in such a classroom?
Dr. Tomlinson: Well, assessment is actually, of course, the root system of differentiation. Sometimes it's easy to think that differentiation is some sort of tea leaf reading, I look at her, she looks like she would do better with this. But assessment really is our measure of where a particular student is in regard to particular goals.
And if we're clear about the goals, and we understand where students are in proximity to those goals, we sort of have a logical response of what we do next. So continually monitoring students. I think preassessment is important before we begin a new session or unit of study, to see what our spread of learners is.
But continually, as we teach, it's really important to see that every piece of work a student does really can inform our thinking and our planning as teachers. So if we use what students do, to help us have insights about who's progressing, who's moving further ahead, who's behind in an area, that's really what helps us make our instructional decisions.
It's probably important to remember that while there's an important emphasis on standardized testing in schools, and that can give us kind of a big sense of a class, it's really that daily assessment or frequent assessment throughout a sequence of study that's very close to our instructional decision making tomorrow and can really help us understand how to modify the plans that we basically made to benefit various students.
Delia: So regular assessment is very important?
Dr. Tomlinson: Absolutely.
Delia: Dr. Pressley, let's take a step back. Why are our students coming to us at so many different levels? And why can't we just expect them to catch up on their own?
Dr. Michael Pressley: Human variation is natural. There isn't any collection of people that don't differ in multiple ways. And one of the absolute realities of kindergarten or first grade is the individual differences will be huge. And here's the really tricky part–not only will they be huge on day one, the rate of change for these children will be very, very different.
Here's another tricky part–what you do for each one of those individual kids can matter very much. So the particular type of instruction can result in either rapid change or not-so-rapid change. So my friend Fred Morrison at Michigan has just done some wonderful work showing that for kids entering grade one, low skills, a very explicit skill-oriented curriculum is the best way to give them a big growth year in first grade.
For the kids entering high, you're much better off having a much more holistic curriculum, where if they can enter reading, easy chapter books, have them reading more chapter books. Kids are different. OK? With respect to the assessment piece, I've spent a great deal of my time studying very effective teachers, and one of the things they do every day, every hour, and the best of them actually every minute of every hour, is size up how the kids are responding to the tasks and the instruction they've been given. And oftentimes there's five or six different taxes or instruction going on, because the most effective teachers do differentiate instruction.
But they're always there monitoring, always on their feet, looking over the shoulder. They're listening to the kid when they partner read. They're watching when the kids write. They get in, intervene and give mini lessons. They know their kids really well because they spend more of their time oriented to their kids during the school day than anything else. They also know their curriculum well and curriculum options well, because they've spent years building that competence, OK?
There is no one professional development that develops a good first grade, second grade, or third grade teacher. What develops a person who knows many, many curriculum options is long-term immersion in developing the skills and taking advantage of every skills opportunity. What develops the competence to match the curricular options to the–curricular options to the particular children is doing it a lot, over the years, and from the moment those kids land in your classroom, orient it like crazy.
Delia: I saw lots of nods taking place while you were talking, so we must have a lot of agreement on that.
Dr. Spear-Swerling, are there any negatives to differentiated instruction? Is it controversial?
Dr. Louise Spear-Swerling: I don't think there are negatives to it if it's done well. I think it's very challenging to do it well. And I think teachers need good preparation and also opportunities for ongoing professional development. You know, one of the things that we're realizing more and more is that teacher preparation is not–you can't give somebody four or even five years of preservice preparation and prepare them to a level for a whole career.
It really takes–preservice preparation is very important, but opportunities for ongoing professional development are also extremely important.
Delia: What else does a teacher have to do to do it well?
Dr. Spears-Swerling: Well, certainly teachers need adequate resources. As Mike mentioned, and Carol mentioned, there's a big range that teachers of kids–of kids that teachers will have in their classrooms. That's true even in kindergarten, and that the spread only gets larger as you go on in school because the kids will progress at different rates.
So it's vital, for example, that children have access to a range of books, teachers need to have a range of materials to teach with. They need adequate support in terms of specialists in human resources, to help them, and also adequate time in the school day. For doing this well.
Delia: There are a lot of support systems a teacher needs. Is there anything in particular administrators can do to help teachers in differentiating classroom instructions?
Dr. Spear-Swerling: Administrators can make reading a priority. They can make sure that there is adequate time allotted. They can have–they can play a role in providing adequate resources, making sure that there are different kinds of curricular options available, and making sure teachers have good professional development in this area.
Delia: Thank you. That it was a lot from all of you to start with. We visited a school in Portland, Oregon, that works very hard to teach every child to read. Let's take a look at how Metzger elementary teachers support each of their kids.
Narrator: Meet Miss Darby. She's a kindergarten teacher here at Metzger Elementary.
Miss Darby: G-o-z.
Narrator: Kindergarten is a critical time for developing early reading skills, sometimes by using nonsense words.
Miss Darby: If you change the last letter, how can you turn it into real word?
Student: A "t", got.
Narrator: One of the hard parts about teaching kindergarten is that kids come in at all different levels. Metzger handles that by assessing each student on a regular basis.
Teacher: The name of this letter is "q". Say the name with me. Ready?
Narrator: Some kids are already at risk, kids who don't know their letters, have trouble with rhyming or may speak a language other than English. They get an extra dose of small group instruction every day. The instruction is very explicit. The teacher helps the kids break the 26-letter code of our alphabet by being very clear about what each letter looks and sounds like.
Teacher: I go left around the queen, and way down her staff. You guys are going to trace the letter "q".
Narrator: So when you're trying to figure out if the school is doing a good job, here are two questions to start with–one, do they assess all students regularly? And two, is the instruction explicit? In first grade, Metzger continues to teach the five elements of good reading instruction. They teach phonemic awareness, helping children understand that the language we speak is made up of individual sounds.
Narrator: They teach phonics, the concept that letters represent sounds.
Teacher: Say it fast. Chirped.
Narrator: They teach fluency, how to read smoothly and with expression. They teach vocabulary. And they teach comprehension. The ability to understand and interpret what you read.
Teacher: What else do you know about Martin Luther king Jr.?
Student: He was a minister.
Narrator: These are all skills that parents with practice can reinforce at home.
Parent: What's this word?
Narrator: At Metzger, the first job is to divide the kids into flexible groups based on reading level. That way, they're challenged and also achieve some success every day.
Narrator: These students are working to catch up with their fairs grade peers.
Teacher: What does fond mean?
Student: It means you really like something a lot.
Narrator: For kids who struggle, teacher assistant Marilyn Peterson uses a basic curriculum with more opportunities to practice basic skills.
Marilyn Peterson: Start over.
Student: Kite, hop, hope, kit.
Marilyn Peterson: Perfect. All right.
Narrator: For kids who are behind like J.T. Richardson, Metzger throws in an extra does of reading with one on one tutoring while the rest of the class works on science or social studies. J.T. gets to review the lesson for the day. This book is at a good level for J.T., so the more he practices the more comfortable he gets. Being able to read fluently and automatically is critical to comprehension.
Teacher: Ready, set, go.
J.T.: Dana said let's bake cupcakes. Jack said I hate to bake. Have you ever baked cupcakes, Jack asked Fran? Granddad, can you help us?
Teacher: Wow. Oh, my gosh you got in the word bake right at the time. Wow, 15 more words. High five. Other side. Down low. Way to go, J.T.
Narrator: J.T. charts his progress every day. But while they continue to give him positive feedback his teachers are concerned.
Teacher: He's a concern because there's a marginal growth but totally not consistent.
Narrator: Every three months Metzger school district comes in to do their own assessment of each child. That's in addition to the weekly or biweekly assessments that the school does.
Pam Zinn: J.T. is a student that I would be concerned about. It's the end of first grade. He still needs to sound all of his words out. He has a few words memorized. The basic sight words. But he still has a ways to go there.
Pam Zinn: We are finished. Thank you very much.
Narrator: Dr. Rolland Good of the University of Oregon worked to develop assessment that Metzger uses.
Dr. Rolland Good: His progress is telling us that we have not yet found the level of support that he needs. And the child is always right. The child is telling you I'm not getting enough support. They are right and then we need to fine a way to provide more support to him.
Narrator: At Metzger they do flexible grouping, small groups, a variety of researched based teaching methods, a variety of interventions for struggling readers and regular ongoing assessment.
Delia: Dr. Pressley in Oregon we see one way of differentiating reading and that's flexible grouping across class rooms. What are the pros and cons of that approach?
Dr. Pressley: Well, I think that it's one arrow you have in your quiver and one teachers use a lot. With respect to the most challenging students, however, a few years ago I wrote a book on a 581 challenges of beginning teaching. As part of that we had a contrast, are any of these challenges that endure?
There's one that endures throughout your career as a teacher and it's figures out what to do with the most difficult students, the ones who are making the least gain. Every one of them requires unique problem solving and reflection. OK. So the flexible grouping is a start.
Now, one of the things that was very important on that tape was talking about a additional instruction. They talked about one does of additional instruction. Some of the affected schools I work I, the most at risk kids are getting three or four additional half-hour segments of one to one or very small group support and then they are looking around for some after school stuff as well. For the most challenged students, just the flexible grouping will not be enough.
With respect to the assessment issue, there was also kind of a one size fits all type of assessment implied in there. And without a doubt, what you see in the very best, most effective schools and class rooms is they are using lots and lots of assessments. Using standardized test, sometimes they use something like a dibble system but much more important is the teacher monitoring, is the kid responding to this instruction? Are they showing growth?
A centerpiece of new thinking about how you differentiate instruction is to try different, you know if the kid isn't getting it in the current setup try something else and monitor is there growth going on and go what works for that youngster.
Delia: There's no question that teaching reading is hard. what characteristics do you see in teacher that can make this work?
Dr. Pressley: The teachers who make it work come in with a head set. This kid can learn and I'm going to figure out how to do it. OK. I have a variety of materials, I'm going to figure out which ones mesh with that youngster. I have a variety of instructional strategies. I'll figure out which of my kids need the additional instruction. Foster grandmother or a skilled reader tutor. They are continuously thinking about that kid, what do they need and flexible problem solving and the very best ones are good at doing this, not only for the weakest kids in the class but for the strongest kids as well.
Delia: Give us a short answer to this question because it's important to get it in here. What about schools that adopted a single reading program? How do you differentiate instruction?
Dr. Pressley: An excellent–you should not adopt a program that does not offer many, many roots to differentiation. The very best, most well thought out, heavily researched and historically important published programs have that in them. The ones that were cooked in 18 months by a major publisher to try to compete with those best of the bunch are not what you should be buying.
Delia: Dr. Swerling in listening to this, we thought about whether schools are doing right. In what situations is it beneficial to pull a child out of class for individualized instruction?
Dr. Spear-Swerling: I think it's more helpful to focus on how you meet a child's needs. So, sometimes pull out remediation can be appropriate. In my experience it's more often related–the issue of that is more often related to how much an outlier a child is.
If a youngster is really far behind other children than often they need something that is different than what is provided as part of standard classroom instruction. And whether you pull the child out for remediation, or whether a specialist comes into the classroom and works with them in the classroom, they are still going to be needing something different.
As an example of that, consider, say, a third grader who is essentially a nonreader and may need systematic phonic instruction that's not needed to the same degree by many other third graders. That child–you see that even more at the upper grade. That happens more as children advance in school. To meet that child's needs there has to be instruction provided, whether in the classroom or out of the classroom that meets that need.
Delia: Carol, what's your take on pulling out kids for individualized instruction?
Dr. Tomlinson: Do the least invasive thing first. Sometimes we pull a child out of a classroom during a time when there's something rich and beneficial to them to take them some place else when we can provide it meaningfully in the classroom and keep the student in the community of learners. I think that's a positive. If we can't do that then I agree, the question is usually not for any student where do we put their bodies it's what do they need and the multiple ways we can provide that and given what our options are what's best for that child.
Delia: Mike, in your research when has pull out worked and when doesn't it work?
Dr. Pressley: Pull out often works with the kids who are most at risk. You pull them out, especially if you have an excellent reading specialist, and give them a half-hour of instruction a day and that can really help a great deal.
What's really interesting in those places is what's going on in the regular classroom often when those kids are pulled out is individualized instruction going on rather than whole group instruction that they are missing. The whole group stuff, these teachers are good at managing their time. They make sure everybody is there for it.
Or if it's something the kid is just going to die if they are not there, some art activity or drama or something. These people who are really effective teachers manage the kids in every way they can be managed well. But, no doubt about it for the highest at risk kids tutoring does work, the more skilled the tutoring the better, although even college student volunteers can make some impact.
Delia: Lots of individual decisions. Along that vein, Dr. Tomlinson, how do we create accelerated learning opportunities for higher learning students.
Dr. Tomlinson: Having a mind set that our students vary and it's our job to know where they are and what their next step is. Applies to high end learners as well as to other students and it's really important for those kids that we give them opportunities to read things that they can read. We're so compelled as teachers to want to make sure we taught every student reading that we spend a lot of time teaching kids how to read who know very well how to read.
I think it's important, again, to monitor those students, against the competencies that we feel are important, but I think once a teacher has evidence that a student is competent in an area, there's really no point and in fact there's a detriment to continue to just teaching it.
So you may find a high even reader who needs some work with syllables but for the most part can read on their own. Letting those students read books that are appropriately challenging for them, giving them opportunities to work with like peers who read at that level and can discuss things with them and giving them opportunities to read books about things that they care about is extremely important for them and in a lot of ways what it is, is the teacher taking the lead from the student and, again, sort of saying that student is giving Tuesday clues that she's ready to move ahead this, is something we can do that lets her grow as well.
Delia: How do you work with your students in terms of higher performing students?
Dr. Spear-Swerling: Well, certainly I agree with the thing that Carol has said, making sure that students who are high achieving have adequate opportunities to read books at their level, that they are not continuing to practice things they already know how to do. With my students I do quite a bit of work in the urban schools, and one of the things that I sometimes see in the district where we work is that, of course, everybody tends to be very focused on low achievement and helping low achieving kids but in fact there are kids who are also very high achievers and if we don't give those children opportunities to read challenging books to move ahead, then we lose them as they advance in school.
Delia: Good thought. Thank you.
Now we'll visit Arlington, Virginia, where we'll take a look at Arlington public schools' Intake Center. Kids at different levels are challenging enough for most teachers, but what happens when kids speak a different language?
Narrator: 8-year-old Marlon Escobar-Lopez has an important appointment today. He's checking into his new school system in Arlington, Virginia. He's at the Arlington Intake Center where staff will figure out exactly what he needs from his new teachers.
Silvia Koch: Intake Center is the place where children who speak another language or have another language background enters school.
Narrator: The Intake Center stays very busy. Arlington's English language learners speak 104 languages and come from 122 different countries.
Teacher: Most of the children speak Spanish. But those kids are diverse too, both culturally and economically.
Teacher: Children from middle class have had certain experiences that other students may not have had. They have been to museums, they have been read to in their own language.
Narrator: Marlon is from Honduras. He looks like he's ready for school. Will the school be ready for him in the process starts with his dad.
Silvia Koch: Parents are just that part of the learning equation that we cannot do without. It's the child, the parent, the teacher. They are the three most basic components.
Narrator: The interview gives Arlington important information about Marlon like the fact he's been to school in the United States for a year already.
Silvia Koch: We look totally at the academic background but we also look at the whole child. We look at his health situation, we look at family history.
Narrator: When his dad is finished with his questions, it's Marlon's turn. His teachers need to know how well Marlon can understand spoken and written English.
Teacher: If you are assessing a child you not only want to assess their knowledge of letters and sound and so forth in English but you want to tap into it in Spanish, too. whatever they know in Spanish, you can be quite certain you can use to help them acquire the skills in English.
Marlon: Put strawberries and–
Narrator: Marlon can read a little bit in English already and his comprehension skills in both languages are strong, so the Intake Center places him in a second grade class for English language learners.
Teacher: Short sound of "i". Everybody?
Narrator: His teachers at be Abbingdon elementary have received all the information gathered, both social and academic, so they know exactly where to start with Marlon.
Silvia Koch: Using time for instruction, right away at the correct and appropriate level, is important to us. We want all our students to achieve at a high level, to be challenged, regardless of where they started.
Teacher: Indigo. Excellent!
Delia: Dr. Spear-Swerling, what should teachers keep in mind when differentiating instruction for English language learners?
Dr. Spear-Swerling: I think it's important to know about the child's language and literacy abilities in the native language as well as in English, as they tape indicated–take indicated children who have knowledge in their native language can often transfer that to English especially if the native language is an alphabetic language like English, which is true in the case of Spanish. So instruction can build on those strengths that children have.
Also developing children's spoken English ability is very important, because that's going to be a foundation for them to learn to read in English.
Delia: Carol, what do you think? I know where you work it's become a growing challenge for schools.
Dr. Tomlinson: Well, I think in addition to what Louise just said, we think in terms of students' readiness levels, and these students have a huge need to develop vocabulary efficiently and quickly, and particularly to develop the academic vocabulary they need to help them learn math and science.
They may need different degrees of help in phonics. I think in addition to the readiness needs, it's important also to look at students' interest. If you have students from other languages who have a particular interest in a topic or thinking back on their own experiences in another country, there's a lot can you do to motivate students by letting them develop verbalized vocabulary banks around words that they care about, topics that they care about, and also to remember that students vary not just in readiness or interest, but how they learn, and some students will learn much better in conversation with other students, some in one-on-one tutoring, some by hearing, some by drawing what they do.
It goes back to what Mike said, trying to have a large instructional repertoire, trying enough things with students to see what's really clicking for them, then being able to steer them certainly in their readiness needs, but also capitalizing on that by capping into interests and by trying to capture their best ways of learning.
Delia: Another major challenge has to be kids with learning disabilities. How do teachers handle teaching reading to special ed students within the mainstream classroom?
Dr. Spear-Swerling: Well, I think it's important to remember that the special education umbrella covers a wide range of students. So although children with learning disabilities are the most commonly identified, there are children with other disability conditions as well. For children with learning disabilities, difficulty learning phonics kinds of skills and word decoding is often a core problem, and that's something that does need to be addressed. Those students often benefit from very systematic, explicit instruction in that area.
If that instruction is part of the curriculum that will be helpful to those students, although some of them, as Mike indicated, will need more than that. The most challenging students will need more than that. They may need some sort of pullout remediation or help from a specialist.
Other disability conditions, such as intellectual disabilities, for example, will involve other needs. Kids with intellectual disabilities usually have broad language and vocabulary delays, so that would need to be addressed. Sometimes children who are on the autism Spectrum, especially high-functioning youngsters, do well often in decoding, but will have comprehension difficulties, especially related to more inferential things.
Delia: Mike, do you have something to add to the special education issue?
Dr. Pressley: Yes. And it ties back as well to the second language kids. There is a great deal of converging evidence, if you want the best possible outcomes you can get with at-risk kids and with second-language kids, who are mostly going to be educated in regular education classrooms in this country and all over North America, including in Quebec, a strong balancing of the skills instruction and holistic reading and writing opportunities is just absolutely essential.
That's how you get the best outcomes for the weakest kids. And there's simply–that's very difficult and challenging to do. It's challenging from the point of view of training teachers who can deliver all those components. It's challenging from the point of view of identifying materials that can serve all those components. But there's one more thing that is right in the center of every effective classroom and every effective school we've seen. They're over-the-top motivating. These schools have developed a culture of very, very positive education for children, and the direction that they're focusing on hardest are the most at-risk kids. You go in these schools and you cannot miss it works. These kids like being there.
Delia: That's a great point. Louise, I'd like to segue from Mike to you around that question. How do you keep students motivated when instruction is so varied?
Dr. Spear-Swerling: Well, there's certainly a variety of ways to motivate kids. You know, having choice, for students to have choice of books or topics or reading materials is one very important way to motivate them. Having students share interests. Often a child will be interested in a recommendation from another child that they wouldn't listen as closely to what the teach her to say about that. So those kinds of things are very important for kids who are struggling and reading at low levels, listening comprehension and oral discussion are very important because often those children can function at much higher levels in terms of oral language. And you can do much more motivating things, more interesting books and materials orally than you can sometimes in reading.
Delia: What have you motivated on focusing students, with your own students in college?
Dr. Tomlinson: I think again having students be able to function in areas of interest to them. I think there's just nothing quite as exciting as wanting to find out something and being able to find it out. And also again, the notion of how you learn. There are some students that will learn with technology when they can interact with the Internet or work with a computer that simply will not from a book.
Other students who if they can hear it and follow will get it better than if they don't have that support. For most students, making that connection between things that they really want to know about, or books that their peers like, things that are just fun to read, and having dialogue with peers, there's something just very satisfying for a child in being able to have a conversation and share and realize that they've contributed to that.
Really, on the whole, I'd agree with what Louise is saying there–choice, interest, attention to mode of learning. And one of the things that certainly we know is that students are not motivated to read books that they cannot read. It comes back to the notion of having books at the right readability level for a student, as well as topics of interest.
Delia: Go ahead, Mike.
Dr. Pressley: Let me chime in. The one thing that you see in really effective schools is the students are having success at tasks that are challenging and interesting to them. Really good teachers are just masterful at figuring out what's just a little bit beyond this kid. OK? That this kid can get with some effort, and if they can get it with the strategies and competency has we can deliver to them. And I have the privilege of a lifetime of being able to spend so much time in really excellent classrooms, and that vision of creating success, if you aren't seeing success in your students, you need to rethink how can I improve my teaching so every one of these kids is succeeding. And here's the real trick–and I'll never forget, I just saw my friend Barb skinner yesterday, she's a master at this.
They'll have a writing assignment and all the kids are jazzed about reading maybe "Julia the Wolf" or something, and everyone will be writing in response to it and some kids will only be able to write three or four lines, and some kids will be able to write four or five pages. And Barb strokes every one of them for the success that they've had and the growth they're showing. And you know what? You watch the kids in the classroom like that, and they go from writing two or three lines in October to writing three or four pages at the end of the year.
Delia: That is a teacher who knows what she's doing. I think one of the questions on the lips of lots of our viewers is what do you do for a child who continues to struggle after all this?
Dr. Tomlinson: You continue to work. What Mike said, about the fact that students come to us very differently, they do come with intellectual handicaps, with huge challenges in learning language. I talked with an elderly teacher who retired a number of years ago in Idaho last year, and I was talking to her about the concept of differentiation. She said when I first started reading, they taught me how to teach reading and I worked at it very hard and some kids didn't get it, so I developed a second way, then more kids got it.
After she took me through the progression, she said, as well as I recall, by the time I stopped teaching, I was up to nine ways of teaching reading, but they were all learning it.
Delia: Let me follow up on that, then. Nine ways of teaching. What do you recommend for a teacher who has a very large classroom and very few resources?
Dr. Tomlinson: I think you do the best you can do. For example, you can sometimes make better adoption decisions in your district big, as Mike suggested, finding resources that give you more flexibility rather than resources that hamper your flexibility. You can sometimes ask community members to contribute a range of books and magazines. I did that in my own classrooms and was almost overrun with possibilities. You have to teach the routines more carefully if you have lots of students.
And I think exactly like in a large family, parents learn that they have to ask the children to participate in making the family work. The larger the classroom, the more the students have to be collaborators with the teacher in making it work. We can do most of what we need to do in classes that are too large.
We can do it with fewer resources if we're innovative in the way we use those things. It's too bad that is the case. But we also have to say to ourselves, life may not be perfect this year, but it's this child's only third grade year, it's the only chance he'll have to develop these skills and competencies and we have to be innovative, use the materials, resources, flexibilities that we can.
Delia: Let me ask Louise a question about these problematic classrooms, where you don't have very many resources, you have a large classroom. I want to go back to the issue of special Ed students and accommodations. How do you reach students with all those different accommodations in one classroom?
Dr. Spear-Swerling: Well, there are certainly accommodations that can be very appropriate for kids with special needs. For children with reading, serious reading difficulties, a good example of that kind of legitimate accommodation is extra time. Often the students can understand the material and do the work, but they need more time because they're slower readers. One of the concerns I have about accommodations, especially this is more with older kids, not so much at the primary level, is that if accommodations are not coupled with good and aggressive remediation, you can accommodate the child right out of learning how to read.
So your goal in the extended time example, your goal really should be to try to make the student a fluent reader so that ultimately they can read as other people do. And that may or may not be feasible for every single student. But that it should be a goal and so I think we have to be careful about accommodations if they're not coupled with good remediation.
Dr. Tomlinson: I think sort of a point there is there's a difference between accommodations and enabling, under a don't want to enable a student to relax or to become slack or stay where they are.
Dr. Spear-Swerling: Right.
Dr. Tomlinson: You want to accommodate always with the notion of a higher ceiling.
Dr. Spear-Swerling: Exactly. There is a judgment there, similar to the thing of trying to find work that is just challenging enough for this student, but not that's so challenging that they can't be successful. It's sort of the same issue with special needs kids in making these decisions.
Dr. Pressley: One of the things, even in the most underresourced school, the most important resource is you, the teacher. I'll give you a great example. I was talking to some people in a reading-first school, in a program I helped develop. They said what do we do? You know one thing you can do, take that manual and learn everything you possibly can about reading from spending time with it and spending time with the Internet.
I give this advice quite a bit and I often have teachers come back saying, my gosh, when I dove in there and this is like an advanced graduate course. OK? I got so many ideas about how I could deal with particular problems I'm getting. So whatever resources you've got, you can spend more time with them, you can go at them with the headset I'm going to figure out how these can work with my kids.
These days with the Internet, one of the resolutions I made in my life is every night before I go to bed, I spend a half-hour at that Internet and get smarter about something that matters to me. Can you do that with respect to reading and differentiated instruction just as easily as you can with respect to any other topic that net is loaded with quality resources. It's also loaded with junk. One of the things that happens is as soon as you start getting better at this, you start to pick out the wheat from the chaff.
Delia: I'm going to throw this all out of you. Some of the support that schools has is paraprofessionals and parent volunteers. How can they implement the model we described today?
Dr. Tomlinson: They can be involved in a myriad of ways. As Mike noted earlier the better training the person has the more specific kinds of help they can give. And person who comes and sits and reads with a child and establishes that relationship and gives that kid a chance to hear an adult read is really important thing. Especially gifted ed and special ed.
It can be so helpful, certainly as another pair of hands to make those routines run a. But they also become teachers of the teacher, to help them see strategies that are in their realm of expertise which interestingly will be important for a second language learner but that same strategy can be important sometime for many other students in the class who don't have that particular need. So I think that range is hugely important.
Delia: Louise I see you nodding.
Dr. Spear-Swerling: I think oftentimes also, you know, it takes fairly minimal training to learn how to do a certain set of things that could be helpful. For example, one of the things I have concern about sometimes is the kind of feedback that children get when they're reading which I think is very a important to provide the right kind of feedback during children's oral reading. You can train somebody in how to provide good feedback in a fairly minimal amount of time and then that person could play a role in working with children, listening to children read and be extremely helpful.
Dr. Pressley: I'm real high on this theme and I'm going to give a different spin on it. I think communities are filled with funds of competence out there who will come in to schools. You know, a school we did work with last year, Bennett Woods, it was thrilling to watch. You had parents in the community who would come in. For various reasons they decided to stay home, raise their kid but during the school day their kids are at school, they come in there and tutor kids in math, reading.
When you get a good one, work hard with that person to get them as involved as possible. Up in Michigan I'm watching this program where they have Foster grandmothers in these classrooms. Some of them are terrific and they have been at this six or seven years. We need to work with churches, community groups. We need to identify those funds of competence and get them to realize there's an important role in improving the lives of children and the future of the country by coming in there and providing tutoring that they can provide.
Delia: Lots of roles for everybody. Thank you so much.
As I mentioned earlier, many of our friends from the education community are here with us in the studio, and they also have questions for our panelists. Dr. Tomlinson will answer the first question and each of you can follow up with a short response. And I'd like to go to our first questioner.
Questioner: I'm interested in the panelist's thoughts on the role of technology in differentiating instruction. What works?
Dr. Tomlinson: Technology is an interesting arena because it does open up so many possibilities. We can find material at different readability levels. We can tap into interest. It does have to do with mode of learning. Some students respond better that way. I think two cautions for me would be to plug a child into a computer and assume the computer is going to become the teacher is not appropriate.
It need to be something that a teacher carefully monitors and continually stays with and watches that particular student. One of the things that we know from the study of integration of technology into schools is that the best integration of technology is always in service of the students thinking of the understanding of ideas, of really helping that student have a broader reach and a broader competency of the world not simply checking off little worksheet kinds of things on the screen.
That rich use of technology can be very important in addressing readiness level, second language mode of learning but need to be under the very careful watch of a teacher who understands it's just one of a number of tools in the classroom that has certain ways of appropriate use as opposed to insipid use.
Delia: Mike, a brief answer.
Dr. Pressley: The brief answer for me is that every person in the country, every child in the country has to get good at dealing with technological environments, the biggy right now for our time is the Internet. This is highly motivating for kids but also a set of skills they need to learn how to navigate. Now, what's in the Internet, there is some terrific high quality stuff. So, one of my favorite sites is National Geographic site on Lewis and Clark.
Every third and fourth grade class in the country studying Lewis and Clark, can you go to that site and have a high quality set of experiences that expand kid's Social Studies understanding and reading competence. As a nation we need to get attentive to figures out which of these sites are great and we need to work very hard to get teachers to realize that to navigate kids into those can do a lot of positive good.
Delia: Thank you. I'm going to throw the next question to you Louise. And we'll go to our second questioner.
Questioner: The goals of the no child left behind require addressing the needs of every student to meet state standards for successful reading. Do you believe actual implementation of the law, shaped by the reading first act, encourages differentiated instruction?
Dr. Spear-Swerling: Well I think implementation can vary, so implementations can always be faulty. The basic idea of the law in terms of the five main components of reading, you know, phonemic awareness, phonic, vocabulary comprehension, fluency are an excellent basis for beginning to differentiate instruction in terms of abilities because we know those are key abilities for learning how to read and if children have weaknesses in those areas those are weaknesses that are important to address. But there are certainly other ways to differentiate instruction that are also important, some of those have been touched upon today, students motivation, students interests, the background knowledge that they bring to the classroom characteristics like that. So I think it's important to consider those things as well.
Delia: Carol, would you like to add something to that?
Dr. Tomlinson: A short thought. There's a difference between standards that you want students to achieve and standardization. The more it becomes a national goal for us to ensure that students all reach at least a certain level of competency the irony is the more we can't standardize what we do to help all students succeed is going to take many different routes, time period and it's critical we not confuse standards and standardization because we simply can't achieve what we're trying to by ignoring student differences.
Dr. Pressley: As many of you in the audience know I'm on the public record that reading first could be a lot better. And what's happened in this first-generation, I think this was a noble effort and I think there's great positives, but it turns out there's been a lot of feedback coming in on how this can be improved.
As rethink elementary and secondary act and reading first it's very important we have leadership in place that will, in fact, take that feedback and constructively come up with a much better law that will work–will work much better with every kid and allow schools to do a much better job with the resources they receive.
Now, if you want to see my further comments on this, there will be something in a couple of weeks and you can go to the Michigan state litter racy achievement web site and I have a document on there about some of the improvements.
Delia: Thank you Mike. Next question.
Questioner: I have been an educator for many years, and have seen a great number of attempts, under a variety of names, to differentiate reading instruction. Yet when I go to schools I see very little differentiated instruction. My question is what can be done within the school structure, in the classroom to enable teachers to implement "differentiated reading instruction"?
Delia: Who wants to take a stab at that?
Dr. Tomlinson: You know, I think we have to believe that as teachers we're learners as well and one of our difficulties has been we haven't been good teachers of teachers. We're famous for the one-shot staff development, or we do differentiation for a year and then we go away. In schools where we see this working, there's a sustained focus by an involved leader who understands the concept and the difficulty, who makes sure that teachers have models of what they're looking at, who is constantly in classrooms to encourage teachers to share with one another to make this happen.
In the places where we see it happen on a broad scale, rather than the occasional wonderful teacher is sort of sustained leadership effort and a critical part of that we have not gotten is we have to differentiate for our teachers as well. Our research suggests four common barriers to differentiation is lack of clarity of what the real reading goals would be. Lack of reflection on individual students. Lack of a repertoire of instructional strategies and fear of managing a differentiated classroom.
The trick is not all teachers have the same issues. So, what we really need to be doing is figuring out what we're doing with each teacher that helps them to succeed.
Delia: That was a great answer. We have another question that was a very good answer.
: Interested in your thoughts in teachers who use differentiated instruction faces skepticism from parents as you attempt to meet the needs of all the students in your classroom.
Dr. Spear-Swerling: That's an interesting question that's not something that really would have occurred to me before. I don't think so if parents perceive that the teacher is setting high goals for the student in providing instruction that's appropriate for them. One of the things you see sometimes in special education, you know, because that's my specialty, kids who really struggle is that the children kind of go along at the same level year after year, don't really progress, so they may be getting something different from the other children but the real problem is the lack of progress. I think if the instruction is effective, most parents are going to be happy with that.
Delia: We have another question from our audience.
Questioner: How can students in a differentiated classroom work together in cooperative teams say for example on a reading activity.
Dr. Pressley: It turns out in effective classrooms students are working cooperatively all the time. But the real trick here in the cooperative situation is that everybody has to be on task and has to be accountable and that comes about because the teacher is there monitoring like crazy. Is this a healthy situation or is this kid being allowed to be a wall flower in this group. Being a wall flower in this group tomorrow they will be in a different group if you are an ineffective teacher. I would like to pick up on that last question a little bit.
No matter what you do as a teacher there's skepticism from parents. You need to educate them. My greater concern is that there's a lot of skepticism among policy makers and educational leadership with respect to differentiating instruction. We have to get in the head of the next generation of educators that differentiated instruction is a great thing. The real challenge you can't do that after you finish your teacher's college. You are at the start. You have to get the head set, you know what you have to get better at this every year you are working and you can do that by learning more about instruction, learning more about kids, becoming a professional educator is a five to 10 year venture.
Delia: That sums up a lot of what we learned today. It's a long, long process. Thank you, everyone. Please let us know what you thought about this program. Visit readingrockets.org to take our survey and please join us for the next Reading Rockets conference on March 22, "From Babbling to Books," about building prereading skills. You can find more information on our web site, readingrockets.org. Thank you for joining us, take care and thank you all.
* To view this file, you'll need a copy of Acrobat Reader. Most computers already have it installed, or you can download it now. | <urn:uuid:303489b2-c0a6-4a08-a751-c5c788b35bb3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://mapping-the-text.org/1001.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.97537 | 12,008 | 3.734375 | 4 |
US in talks with gas exporters to replace RussiaТs exports to EU
WASHINGTON, Feb 3 (PRIME) -- The U.S. is in talks with gas exporters to find an alternative supplier of gas to Europe to replace Russia, Jen Psaki, spokeswoman for the White House, told reporters at a briefing late on Wednesday.
УWeТre talking to a range of countries and suppliers,Ф Psaki said when asked whether Qatar may become a new major gas supplier to Europe.
Earlier, on January 30, chief of the E.U. diplomacy Josep Borrell said that the E.U. expects the U.S., Qatar and Azerbaijan to compensate for the volume of gas in the event of reduced supplies from Russia. U.S. administration officials also previously said they were looking for alternative sources of natural gas for Europe in case of disruptions in exports from Russia. They mentioned Qatar among the possible suppliers.
Moscow had stated multiple times that Russia has always fulfilled its contractual obligations to supply gas to Europe flawlessly, never giving any reason to doubt its reliability. | <urn:uuid:f952f5cf-44f0-4d16-8969-45ae85652796> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.1prime.biz/news/archive/_US_in_talks_with_gas_exporters_to_replace_Russias_exports_to_EU/0/%7BB213BE61-F2D3-4DE8-9389-A21B7664EAD8%7D.uif | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.955394 | 226 | 1.53125 | 2 |
The future is bright for these computer coders
By Abby Morgan
During three days of Fall Break, 17 youth participated in our Coding Club, held at the Carnegie Museum. While we had 17 youth participants, only 9 youth had prior computer coding experience. However, by the end of club, all youth were hungry to learn more and try new things. When parents/guardians came to pick youth up at the end of each session, youth were excited to show and share what they had created to their parent/guardian. Many continued their work on their games at home and were excited to share their finished product the next day.
During Coding Club, youth learned basic video game coding concepts by making different types of games, including racing, platform, and launching. They were able to express their creativity and make each of their games unique. They learned problem-solving by not only creating their games but also have other youth in the club test out and play their games.
While many people think of the fair when they hear “4-H”, it is actually much more. 4-H focuses on the Mission Areas of Science, Healthy Living, and Civic Engagement. It is the mission of Indiana 4-H Youth Development “to provide real-life educational opportunities that develop young people who will have a positive impact in their communities and the world.” Coding Club strived to provide this real-life experience through a hands-on approach. Youth learned what computer science means and how it is used to solve every day problems. Many of them expressed interest in having a career in computer coding someday.
There are endless opportunities, such as Coding Club, that 4-H members can experience. I often say that there is something for everyone in the 4-H program. Don’t delay in joining such a great youth development program. 4-H enrollment is now open! To enroll in Montgomery County 4-H, please visit https://v2.4honline.com or visit the Montgomery County Extension office at 400 Parke Avenue, Crawfordsville. The program fee for enrolling in 4-H is $15 per child and mini 4-H (grades K-2) is free. If you have any questions please don’t hesitate to contact Abby Morgan at the Extension office at (765)364-6363 or e-mail firstname.lastname@example.org.
Abby Morgan is the 4-H Youth Development Educator at the Montgomery County Purdue Extension Office. She can be reached at email@example.com or 765-364-6363. | <urn:uuid:9023a52b-fd0c-4cc2-a288-0f0596f4d6b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thepaper24-7.com/2021/11/the-future-is-bright-for-these-computer-coders/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.974648 | 540 | 2.78125 | 3 |
If you’re tired of the generic voice Alexa uses, you can easily change the voice of your device by following a few simple steps. After launching the Alexa app, choose the device from the list, and tap the Wake Word button. You can then change your voice to any of the available options, such as female or male. However, you must confirm this change with your Amazon account in order to make it permanent.
One of the best ways to change the voice of your Amazon Echo is to change it to a different accent or language. Changing the language or gender of Alexa is especially helpful if you speak two or more languages. In addition, you can change the accent or gender of Alexa, if you like. The good news is that there are many ways to customize the voice of your Amazon Echo. Here are a few tips to change the voice of your Echo.
First, download the appropriate Skill. A male voice is only available for certain regions, and you need to change the language settings on your Echo device to enable it. Once you’ve done that, open the Alexa app and go to the More section. Next, go to the Settings tab and select the language. Then, select the Echo device and tap the Gear icon. Next, choose the voice you want to hear. | <urn:uuid:be8e1e48-a639-4b5d-91e9-55a933baeaa2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://onlinewebworld24.com/how-to-change-alexas-voice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.92683 | 264 | 1.570313 | 2 |
You can either weep for your country or try to save it. Britain is being convulsed by its greatest crisis since the war, and it has only just begun. It will take years to unfold. Millions of people who voted leave are still delighted at the outcome. For millions of people who voted remain, this feels like a very bad dream. Just thinking about the coming years is as exhausting as it is terrifying. From economic chaos to the legitimisation of xenophobia and racism; from the coming dismantling of the United Kingdom to the stress placed on the Northern Ireland peace process; from the ascent of the Tory hard right to the coming attacks on everything from workers’ rights to the NHS; from the inevitable anger that will follow the leave campaign’s abandonment of their unachievable promises to the inevitable retribution from a European Union that fears for its existence and that suffers from the Brexit aftershocks. Any one of these in isolation would be difficult to deal with. They are all coming together, and they are coming fast.
One response is to simply throw our hands in the air, yelp in despair and give up. This is not an option. It would be irresponsible – self-destructive, even – to be a passive bystander as your country is devastated. Many who voted leave will surely come to regret their decision. That doesn’t mean reversing the expressed democratic will of the British people – what is done is done – but it does provide hope for dealing with the crises now enveloping the country. Britain’s young didn’t want this to happen, and it is they who will suffer the most.
Post-Brexit Britain needs a broad-based campaign to confront the threats I’ve listed above. Call it Project Hope, call it Save Our Future: I’ll leave that to someone with more imagination. But it must be a campaign that mobilises people behind a just Brexit. It will mobilise people to defend the NHS and workers’ rights from the ascendant Tory right; to confront the xenophobia and racism that has now been given renewed respectability and acceptance; to campaign on the issues – such as the lack of affordable housing and secure jobs – that have fuelled anti-immigration sentiment. It will particularly focus on mobilising young people: if there has ever been a dramatic shock to break their political resignation, this is surely it. It must bring together grassroots organisations – such as Reclaim in Manchester, which seeks to train young working-class people to become leaders – as well as high-profile individuals who young people in particular look up to.
Is this proposal sketchy and lacking detail? Yes, of course, and it’s being thrown out there for debate and discussion on making it work. But Britain is now confronted by an existential crisis. We cannot succumb to the inevitability of the disasters unfolding. Despair and misery sap energy and nothing more. Time to divert it into something useful and productive – which may just help to ensure a future that is worth living in. | <urn:uuid:9f3c461c-a2d6-4e36-a9bb-0ee113c2e548> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jun/28/succumb-brexit-disaster-save-future-referendum-fallout | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967391 | 618 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Healthy Bones for every body.
Osteoporosis can significantly affect everyday life. About 30% of people with osteoporosis experience some limitations to their daily activities and 15% experience severe restrictions in their daily life.
The aim of early diagnosis and treatment for osteoporosis (and managing osteopenia) is to prevent any initial fracture occurring.
If a fracture does occur the main aim of treatment is to reduce the likelihood of more fractures.
What is osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis develops when bones lose calcium and old bone cells, faster than the body can replaces them. As a result, bones become fragile and brittle. The more fragile the bones are, the more likely they are to fracture or break. A minor trauma that might normally result in a bruise or a scratch in a healthy adult can cause a fracture in someone with osteoporosis. Sometime fines can fracture without any trauma at all.
What are the complications of osteoporosis?
The most common complications of osteoporosis are fractures. They can happen in the hips, spine and wrists. These types of fractures can cause long-term pain, disability and loss of independence. Osteoporotic fractures that occur in the spine can also lead to changes in posture (e.g., stooped back) and severe loss of height.
What are some of the risk factors for osteoporosis?
Research has identified some common risk factors for developing which mainly applies to patients over 50 years but can also apply to younger adults:
- Menopause and loss of estrogen
- Family history
- Some medications especially corticosteroids
- Nutritional deficiencies
- Sedentary lifestyle,
- Poor diet,
- Certain medical conditions, can affect your bones and increase osteoporosis risk, as can the long-term use of some medicines (e.g., corticosteroids).
How do we diagnose osteoporosis?
A diagnosis of osteoporosis is made by a test called a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA/DEXA) scan to measure bone mineral density (BMD).
This test is quick and painless, like an X-ray.
The scan produces a result called a T-score which shows how different patient’s BMD is from the BMD of an average young adult.
- Diagnosis if osteoporosis is made if the T-score is –2.5 or lower.
The lower the T-score is, the more brittle the bones are, and the greater the risk of fracture.
- If the bones are weaker than normal, but the T-score is not low enough for an osteoporosis diagnosis, then the patient has osteopenia.
A diagnosis of osteopenia is an early warning sign that actions need to be taken to reduce the risk of osteopenia becoming osteoporosis.
How do we treat osteoporosis?
There are a number of ways to help manage osteoporosis and prevent fractures, some include:
- taking osteoporosis medicines
- ensuring sufficient calcium and/or vitamin D levels
- reducing the risk of falls.
- Lifestyle changes
To prevent, reduce or treat Osteoporosis or osteopenia lifestyle changes may be required. These could include:
- limiting alcohol consumption
- stop smoking
- some weight-bearing exercise including jogging, aerobics and dancing
- some resistance forms of exercise including lifting hand or ankle weights
- Examples of resistance training are lifting hand or ankle weights.
Osteoporosis is a common condition which causes significant pain and reduction in Quality of life. It may be preventable and it is treatable through a team approach including: the patient, their doctor, dietitian, exercise physiologist or a physiotherapist, occupational therapist, optometrist as well as possible involvement of endocrinologist and a pain specialist may be needed.
- Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. Clinical guideline for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women and older men. East Melbourne: RACGP, 2010 (accessed 11 August 2015).
- Milk intake and risk of mortality and fractures in women and men: cohort studies Karl Michaelson et al. BMJ. 2014.
- https://www.nps.org.au/australian-prescriber/articles/treating-osteoporosis-1Pharmacological prevention and management in older people
- Volume 41, No.3, March 2012 Pages 110-118 | <urn:uuid:865d2fa7-dbbd-40bf-b9fa-9bd3d87ca0bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://completehealthatcrossways.com.au/bone-health | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.91708 | 974 | 3.59375 | 4 |
- ACG System
- About Us
- Update / SIgnout
Workplace Health Saf 60:425-434.
Department of Acute and Chronic Care, John Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of work limitations and their relationship to morbidity burden among academic health center employees with diabetes. Employees with diabetes were surveyed via Internet and mail using the Work Limitations Questionnaire. Morbidity burden was measured using the Adjusted Clinical Groups methodology. Seventy-two percent of the employees with diabetes had a work limitation. Adjusted odds ratios for overall, physical, time, and output limitations were 1.81, 2.27, 2.13, and 2.14, respectively. Morbidity burden level is an indicator of work limitations in employees with diabetes and can be used to identify employees who may benefit from specialized services aimed at addressing their work limitations associated with diabetes.
Please log in/register to access. | <urn:uuid:4554d530-1d0b-4425-bbd6-874b8fa9a245> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hopkinsacg.org/document/work-limitations-and-their-relationship-to-morbidity-burden-among-academic-health-center-employees-with-diabetes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.927684 | 220 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Energy efficiency ‘vital’ in offsetting rise in business energy cost
The industrial and commercial sectors could see a 30-45% increase on energy bills to 2030, according to latest projections from the independent Committee on Climate Change (CCC).
In its third assessment of the impact of carbon budgets on energy bills, the CCC estimates an average increase of 31% in commercial sector energy bills and 26% in industrial sector energy bills to 2030 due to low-carbon policies.
The report also states that the annual bill for an average dual-fuel household was £1,140 in 2013 and is estimated to fall to £1,100 in 2020 and rise to £1,305 in 2030.
However, ‘while all energy users have experienced large increases in both electricity and gas prices since 2004, the majority of this change is unrelated to low-carbon policies’ and is more related to ‘increases in the wholesale price of gas.’
CCC states that these increases can be offset through energy efficiency measures, which can cut energy bills and may provide savings larger than those costs. | <urn:uuid:6989ce7d-ff5f-40e6-9155-b91be885383f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://conceptenergy.org/energy-efficiency-vital-offsetting-rise-business-energy-cost/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.954314 | 224 | 2.328125 | 2 |
The human body has surprising ways of curing and healing itself from the harshness of its environment and social lifestyle. One of these is the power of inflammation in responding to every pain and injury it endures. Moreover, it helps the natural ways of healing and repairing process of the body.
Despite how this process helped the body, too much of it can lead to various health risks. According to Alkaline Naturals, multiple factors like pollution and stress can cause chronic inflammation. The alkaline diet is said to be one way to reduce too much swelling to the system.
Can Alkaline Herb Reduce Inflammation?
Besides stress and the environment, some foods can cause chronic inflammation because of being acidic, affecting the body’s pH levels. Once the body tissues become acidic, it draws minerals like calcium and potassium from bones and tissues. It also attempts to block its safeguarding the body from many acids and restoring the body to its alkaline state. With this, people with alkaline bodies are more active since they can endure pains better than people with acidic body state.
Alkaline Herbs that Reduce Inflammation
Too much inflammation is something that shouldn’t be accepted in daily living. Fortunately, some herbs will aid any person to lessen and even prevent inflammation in the body system.
Yellow pigment curcumin is the turmeric’s secret as being an anti-inflammatory alkaline herb. Besides decreasing inflammation, this also treats digestive wounds, infections, and disorders.
White Willow Bark
Another fantastic herb, the white willow bark has been with the Egyptians and Romans as a cure for chronic inflammation and other pain problems. Recent studies proved that this herb has a comparable effect to aspirin, a known pain reliever. However, the white willow bark has fewer side effects than aspirin.
Besides giving a stronger flavor and spice to any dish, chili peppers have various benefits to health. Its capsaicin, a chemical which makes chili peppers hot and spicy, is the same chemical that gives anti-inflammatory property to this herb.
Another excellent ingredient in various dishes, the black pepper can be accountable for inflammation and pain problems. The chemical piperine not only makes black pepper to produce strong flavor but also as an anti-inflammatory agent. Even at small dosages, black pepper can contribute to inflammation problems and suppress the perception of pain. It can also lessen the intense symptoms of arthritis.
An herb native in Peru, the cat’s claw has been traditionally used to treat different health concerns like arthritis and intestinal problems. Some studies show that this herb can lessen inflammation responses in the body system. Moreover, it also has a protective effect against gastrointestinal inflammation.
Another exceptional ingredient, ginger has also been used as herbal medicine because of the benefits it can give to the body. Some researchers discovered that ginger has a better therapeutic effect than NSAIDs used to treat pain and inflammation. Also, it can inhibit gene activations that are usually involved in inflammatory responses to the body system.
An unhealthy inflammation increase can cause various problems in our health. With a diet that consists of consuming alkaline-rich foods, it will surely keep inflammation always in moderation. | <urn:uuid:d858cff6-bde4-4140-a196-ac671b382799> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wholepost.com/does-alkaline-herb-reduce-inflammation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.937154 | 666 | 2.796875 | 3 |
What you'll learn :
Acquire an In-Depth Understanding of Netfilter/Iptables Linux Firewall (Chains, Tables, Matches, Targets).
Acquire the Skills to build Advanced Iptables Firewalls. Hands-on experience with Iptables.
Learn to work efficiently with IPSET to drop large collections of IPs and Networks (like entire Countries)
Understand Iptables Best Practices for creating custom Firewalls.
Acquire the Skills to configure a Linux OS as a NAT Router.
Acquire the Skills to configure Port Forwarding on Linux Routers.
See practical examples for EACH Iptables Command, Match, or Target.
Use Shell Scripts to automate tasks like blocking or permitting a service, an IP/Network, or a MAC address.
Apply the Skills to secure Servers, Networks, Routers, or Linux Desktop Operating Systems.
Hundreds of hands-on exercises with solutions and quizzes.
Local root access to a Linux distribution like Ubuntu or CentOS. No paid software required.
Linux Basics like commands, file permissions, text editors, etc.
Basic knowledge of TCP/IP stack (how clients and servers typically communicate, TCP, UDP, ICMP, IP’s, ports, etc).
Very basic knowledge of other Networking concepts like NAT or Routing.
***Fully updated for 2021*** This Iptables course covers every major topic related to Netfilter and Iptables including Ipset, Advanced Matches and Targets, NAT, Fort Forwarding, User-Defined Chains, and many more!
Welcome to the most complete and up-to-date course for learning and using Netfilter & Iptables Linux Firewall, taught by a DevOps Engineer and Professional Trainer.
Just starting out with Linux Security and Iptables? Perfect. This course starts out assuming you’re new to Netfilter, Iptables, and Linux Firewalls.
Or maybe you’ve already tried to learn Iptables by yourself and now you want to put all the pieces together? Then, I’m here to help you! This course has everything you need to know about Netfilter and Iptables.
You’ll have lifetime access and you can return and look for a specific Iptables match, target or option anytime you want.
All presentations and Iptables examples used in this course are available for download.
The course contains many quizzes for you to take and test your knowledge.
There are many courses on Linux Security or Iptables. Why should you learn from me?
I’m a Practitioner and an Enthusiast. Welcome to the real world! I have almost 20 years of experience as a Linux Sysadmin, Security Engineer, and Full Stack Developer. I use Linux on a daily basis.
I’m an Educator and I know how to make a syllabus. For the last 10 years, I’ve trained thousands of people on Linux, Networking, Security, or Programming.
The topics covered in this course are:
Iptables chains and tables
Chains and tables traversal
Anatomy of an iptables rule
Filter large collections of IPs and Networks using Ipset
Filter traffic by country
Iptables matches (implicit & explicit).
Filter Traffic by IP, Network, Port, Protocol, Interface, MAC, TCP Flags, Date and Time, Quota, etc.
Iptables targets: DROP, REJECT, ACCEPT, LOG, REDIRECT, TEE, SNAT, DNAT, MASQUERADE, etc.
Automation using shell scripts
How to use Iptables Best-Practices
Every topic includes many live examples.
After taking this course, you’ll be able to:
Have an In-Depth understanding of Netfilter/Iptables architecture.
Understand Iptables chains and tables.
Understand how a Firewall works.
Create Iptables rules that filter incoming, outgoing, or routed traffic based on any possible criteria including the country the packet is coming from or destined to.
LOG malicious traffic.
Prevent DoS Attacks.
Use Ipset to drop tens of thousands of Networks with no performance degradation.
Optimize Iptables firewalls.
Automate different firewall security tasks using shell scripts.
Configure NAT and MASQUERADE.
Configure Port Forwarding (DNAT).
User efficiently Nmap and Netstat.
Who this course is for :
Course Size Details :
6.5 hours on-demand video
33 downloadable resources
Full lifetime access
Access on mobile and TV
Certificate of completion
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In case you’ve been looking for the best ways to eliminate bugs from your product before rolling it out, here’s some experience-based advice that will help you do it.
Delivering a well-tested hardware device on each release stage is one of the key success factors before starting the next product iteration. Initially, you try to impress your investors and/or backers with the first functional prototype, be it a PoC (validating technical feasibility) or an MVP (resembling the mass-production look & comprising core features) prototype.
Next, you give it to your beta users, and, of course, you want to get their feedback and build an upgraded version of your device. However, you need to be careful because you are dealing with hardware, and each new iteration can cost you more than you would usually spend with software-only products. This is why doing proper market research, validating your ideas, selecting the right hardware components, designing the whole hardware and software architecture, and writing test cases is very important during the early stages. To ease this process, we offer Discovery Workshops to scope out your work and plan the development and testing phases.
As mentioned above, you should start thinking about device testing as early as possible and include it into your timelines on the roadmap. Your product owner might already be aware of the rough numbers here. For example, the Lemberg team provides development estimates where manual QA testing hours are included by default, which equals 30% of development hours. More often than not, our clients ask us to add automation testing on top of the estimation request. Depending on the overall coverage, automation testing can add anywhere between 50-100% in development hours.
The first must-have you need to think about is software and hardware functionality testing. The core objective of hardware testing is to check the technology against its functional requirements. This is typically thoroughly documented in the functional specifications, acceptance criteria, and test plans that our QA engineers prepare during the workshop or just before we start actual development.
Every company aims to increase customer demand, which largely depends on the quality of their product. By testing your technological solution with the help of QA engineers, you get the opportunity to make sure that the key features of your device or application work as planned. The engineers also do Usability Testing to analyze whether users will be able to easily interact with your technology.
One of the main parts that can go wrong with your software includes user interface mistakes that don’t allow the user to operate the information they obtain. Another common problem is incompatibility between separate components of your software, meaning they work well independently, but cannot operate properly when combined.
To ensure effective IoT systems testing and debugging, you need to have a variety of programmers and a professional IoT lab with a relevant hardware infrastructure set-up, i.e. oscilloscope, signal analyzers, popular dev kits, and SBCs like Raspberry Pi or Arduino, etc.
To reduce risks and unexpected expenditures for the clients, our QA team analyzes project requirements and use cases at the beginning of the development stage. We plan test cases and get all stakeholders on the same page from the get-go since some projects require specific equipment or devices that need to be acquired in advance.
Hardware testing is all about finding out how durable your product is. Can it endure high or low temperatures and humidity? Will it work properly after some physical damage? Would it be comfortable for users? Our engineers test the device to see how well it will perform when being actively used. And these are only some of the things QA engineers check.
Barkom Ltd. is a Ukrainian agricultural company that specializes in growing pigs and cattle and making food products for sale. They asked us to create a device that could weigh pigs without scales. Our team developed a technology that identified the pigs’ weight via a camera. We ensured system functionality by adjusting the device to the temperature in a pigsty and established remote access to check whether it worked properly. We recreated pigsty conditions in our laboratory and made a waterproof box so that the device wouldn’t break down. To avoid overheating, we integrated cooling fans into the box.
Lesson learned: When working with animals, you should consider the environment where data is collected. For instance, pigs prefer to assemble near the feeder. They also move constantly, which complicates data collection. Thus, we implemented the best practices of hardware testing by constructing a separate corral to measure the parameters of each pig.
Cell Garden is an IoT startup that developed a nutritional concept to make our lives healthier and better. When planning and designing this smart greenhouse system, our team had to account for multiple aspects to ensure effective testing. This includes a combination of lighting, water misting, drainage, ventilation, and, of course, embedded and cloud software that controls this whole system. Testing was split into 2 phases. We started off by running functional tests using dev kits and later first PCBs. When all the mechanical parts were printed we moved on to the next phase and were able to test the device holistically, including touch UI panel and all moving parts like drawers, water tank, buttons, LEDs, etc. to conduct usability testing and do a final run of hardware functional testing.
On top of that, our team had to ensure an even distribution of water through the nozzles. One important condition we had to fulfill was to maintain a very specific distance between the nozzle and the ground so that the water could reach every plant without damaging them. So we decided to purchase RFID modules to establish the required distance for the nozzles. This decision helped to implement a technology that would identify whether the position of the nozzle was correct.
Lesson learned: To find bugs early on, you can plan and conduct early functional testing during bring-up phases using dev kits and first PCBs even when the manufacturing stage of your device hasn’t been finalized. Functional testing of embedded systems will often help you to come up with an unconventional idea of how to make your device work.
Cavamo is a UK tech startup aiming to create a device that helps to maintain effective interaction between a horse and an equestrian. We ran sport tech device stress and stability testing in the Lemberg IoT Lab to make sure that the appliance would not overheat. Along with that, we checked the methods of its fixation to the bridle to ensure that it would be firmly attached to a horse in real-life conditions.
Lesson learned: You should check whether the device will endure harsh weather conditions if it has to be used outdoors. Don’t limit your investigation to humidity testing only.
Our client, Barkom, asked us to create a device that would help them track whether their workers maintain a high hygiene level. This is important for keeping the pigs healthy. We created an artificial shower room in our laboratory to check how the device will perform in such conditions. To find out whether the device would work on the farm, we decided to test it on-site. Our team noticed that the structure of the walls in the pigsty differs from those in the office. The difference influenced the accuracy of signal transmission, so we had to cover the farm walls with metal sheets.
Lesson learned: You should consider the density and composition of the environment in which your device will transfer data to the cloud. In some cases, the chemical composition of certain materials impedes the technology from transmitting the signal..
DAV Foundation is a blockchain-based transportation company that asked us to develop an open-source and easy-to-build IoT module for micro-mobility platforms. This module would help set up, configure, maintain, and track micro-mobility vehicles from the cloud. During the initial requirements gathering stage, all the stakeholders involved agreed on a specific list of scooters our IoT module would support. We ordered actual scooters to our office to be able to run compatibility and functional testing of our PoC prototype. Finally, when cloud integration was implemented, we ran integration testing on the whole system which also included the client’s back-end and user apps for ordering scooter service.
To make sure we selected the most appropriate hardware, our team ordered several types of components from different suppliers. The goal was to find hardware that was both durable and widely available on the market. In the end, we settled for a Raspberry Pi Zero.
Lesson learned: You have to be persistent while aiming to create a durable device, especially when it comes to selecting hardware components. In the most complicated cases, hardware testing services provided by another company can come in handy to ensure your product’s quality.
What if you miss a critical bug in your device's system? What mistakes will your end-users face when using it? Maybe your product won't connect to Wi-Fi or will reboot when it's not supposed to. To make sure none of that happens after the product is shipped, your team should perform thorough firmware testing.
Carepath Technologies GmbH is a telemedicine platform that aims to monitor symptom-specific data in a home environment, aiding physicians with diagnoses and treatment of chronic disease. Hardware was one of the central pieces of our client’s platform. This is why our client gave it a lot of attention and asked to run not only functional testing of the device but also load and stress testing, performance testing, and penetration testing.
Using their experience from previous test cases, our QA engineers set up several boards with our firmware and remote connection to a testing cloud environment where they simulated high loads of data traffic and requests. On top of that, they measured how quickly the boards would heat up and perform a reboot at a certain temperature threshold to prevent overheating. We added security measures like code obfuscation to prevent cyber attacks on our hardware if, for example, somebody wanted to reverse-engineer our firmware binary, which had to be tested as well. In the end, all test cases had to be properly documented to pass the MDD/MDR certification process.
While testing OTA, firmware updates frequently broke Raspberry Pi OS. We created an operating system image and updated it directly from our office, which allowed us to ensure better and faster testing.
Lesson learned: Healthcare device testing can be a challenging task for tech companies. You need to have a proper data processing agreement, DPA, (GDPR compliant), with your engineering partner to ensure the protection of user data during the development and testing phases. Also, make sure to discuss and document as many test cases as possible to record all nuances that might be useful to your client in the future.
Want to learn more about building an AI-based healthcare platform for remote patient monitoring? Check out our webinar with Daniel Young, Managing Director and Co-Founder at Carepath Technologies:
Doppel is a wrist wearable that uses controlled vibrations to help people feel either calmer and focused or more energized and alerted. We built a mobile app that helps find defects in assembled devices at the production factory. In its core, it's an Android app that factory workers run with a connected over BLE device. It can test the most important software features to ensure full working functionality. To check whether the device could properly process our requests and receive the correct data packet, we used Nordic’s nRF Connect application which went through the code and searched for errors. We compared the device’s response with the data specified in the documentation. For example, using the Doppel app, we commanded the device to turn on a specific rhythm of vibrations and checked via nRF Connect how the wearable device responded. Our team also tested Bluetooth connection, since if the device lost connection with the mobile app, the system would have to regularly re-establish it.
Lesson learned: Risk prediction will help you minimize the possibility of defects and avoid costly product returns. When in the manufacturing stage, think about building automated quality control software to avoid bugs. You should check how the device works when the connection is lost so that the end user would not struggle with reconnecting your product with the app.
IoT systems and hardware testing plays an essential role in the product’s success. Each product requires a different testing approach. You can predict whether the technology will meet industry standards and user requirements with the help of different testing approaches and types. Here are some of our recommendations backed by plenty of trial and error:
- Plan the testing stage of your product in advance
- Don’t neglect issues found during the development process
- Consider multiple approaches to problem solving
- Team up with a reliable partner who is experienced in testing
We do our best to consider all critical incidents and cover the greatest possible number of issues during initial preparation and the development stages. Our skillful QA team will beat the bugs out of your device in numerous ways to find all its vulnerabilities and remove them. Our engineers hold ISTQB and ASTQB certificates which indicate their advanced professional level.
For automation testing, we use the following tools: Selenium WebDriver + PyTest and Behat (Web UI), Apache JMeter (Web Performance), Robot Framework (IoT), Appium + PyTest (Mobile), Postman and PyTest (API), and HTML_CodeSniffer (Accessibility). For manual testing, our team applies Charles Web Debugging Proxy, WEB Browser Developer Tools, Postman, DBeaver, Robo 3T, and Lighthouse (Web), SSH, MQTT Explorer, Azure Storage Explorer, Tera Term or Termite, ST-Link Utility, Nordic nRF Connect (IoT), Firebase Crashlytics, DB Browser for SQLite, iTools, 3uTools, Xcode, Android Device Monitor (Logcat), Droid Explorer, Android Studio, Scrcpy (Mobile). When testing hardware performance, Lemberg engineers perform smoke testing, functional testing, UI testing, automated UI test scenarios development, and defect tracking in Jira/Codebase/etc.
With Lemberg, you can gain a much better sense of control over your budget since thanks to our experience in IoT product development, we can anticipate numerous nuances that might arise when the product gets to the end user. This is how we make sure you avoid unnecessary expenses after the product’s rollout.
If you are not sure which testing scenario is suitable for your product, or simply wish to check how your device will perform under different conditions, get in touch with Slavic Voitovych, our Head of IoT Business Development. He’ll tell you everything there is to know about our expertise in delivering and testing IoT products. | <urn:uuid:07ee34c7-c11d-4309-91b3-60ee0e30a75e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lembergsolutions.com/blog/why-device-testing-crucial-iot-product-development-real-cases | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.941073 | 3,000 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Hank Aaron was the last Negro League player to have a regular position in the Major League. Minnie Minoso was the last to actually play in a MLB game. (Two games for the White Sox in 1980.)
The first league for African-American ball players was founded in 1887, even as some minor league clubs had such players on their rosters. The last such league folded in 1951.
Boston red sox American league
it was Carl Yastremitzki (i have no idea how to spell his last name sorry)
It was the poops Yankees
me last year on little league | <urn:uuid:382d27c0-7925-439c-a844-02f0a7e33eb6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sports.answers.com/Q/When_did_the_last_negro_baseball_league_closed | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.985576 | 147 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Food sustainability and shortage issues have become a concern because of the estimation of human population expected to reach 9.7 billion by the year 2050. Farming techniques have evolved through time, with what we now call modern farming, farmers integrate modern technology and innovation with traditional ways to achieve maximum yield while driving sustainability.
Vertical Farming and Urban Agriculture
Gone were the days, where vegetables are grown miles away from the city. Farming has been urbanized with the introduction of vertical farming, ditching the traditional ways of farming, saving space, reducing waste and shortens supply chains. Crops are grown on vertically stacked layers using Controlled Environment Agriculture (CEA) technology, where the temperature, light and humidity are controlled.
Instead of soil, aeroponics and hydroponic growing mediums are commonly used with coconut husk and peat moss among the most popularly used. The benefits of vertical farming range from a higher yield, reduced water consumption and more organic crops.
Drones and Autobots
With the dramatic decrease in bee numbers, the future of pollination has become a hot issue as it affects the agricultural production level. This is where drones come in. With area coverage up to 20 to 25 acres per hour, drones are used to take over the bees and help with the pollination process. Besides that, agricultural drones are also used for soil and field analysis, seed planting, crop and spot spraying, crop mapping and surveying and irrigation monitoring and management.
Another agricultural modern technology innovation is autonomous robots, where the robots help weed, hoe and help during harvest. These robots are equipped with a combination of machine vision, voice recognition and temperature sensors to communicate and collect data.
CRISPR technology is a simple yet powerful tool for editing genomes by removing, adding or altering sections of the DNA sequence. Scientists now are starting to engineer crops to boost flavour, maximize yields, resist disease and increase profitability. | <urn:uuid:6bf1a34e-2f42-474c-a724-d238680ecd61> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://foodmarkethub.com/blog/the-future-of-farming-and-agriculture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.930496 | 391 | 3.921875 | 4 |
Connecting Through Collecting
Like many unique and beloved Beloit courses, Collecting Stories: Objects and Their Owners began as a passion project. A decade and a half ago, Russian literature professor Donna Oliver began collecting postcards of pre-revolutionary Russian authors — particularly Leo Tolstoy, who was something of a celebrity in Russia’s late 19th- and early 20th-century postcard heyday.
Oliver, the Martha Peterson Professor for Distinguished Faculty Service, says that since she found her first postcards in a Moscow flea market, she has spent years acquiring different types of this niche postcard genre. She also expanded her collection to include pre-revolutionary ethnographic (and often exoticized) depictions of the peoples of the Russian empire.
As her collection grew, she began to use postcards and their history as sources for her scholarship, presenting several papers at conferences. These experiences inspired her to create a class in which students sourced collections from the campus community, learned about the collectors and their collections, then created something tangible: an exhibit in the Wright Museum of Art called “Beloit Collects! Connecting through Collecting.”
“[The course] comes from my interest in collecting and the desire to talk to people about collecting and share my own experiences,” she says. She hoped that her students — and the collectors they would interview — would learn from each other’s objects and stories.
In the course, students studied collecting as a phenomenon and grappled with the questions it raises about the past, memory, materiality, and authenticity. They explored the urge to collect and categorize, fetishize and possess, and considered the writings of cultural theorist Jean Baudrillard and many others.
In addition to conducting interviews with collectors, students participated in what Oliver calls “collective problem-solving” for the constantly evolving project. They organized how the exhibit would look and feel, what was displayed, and how the objects were talked about.
India Clizer’24, a collector of vintage gowns and other accessories that ended up being included in the exhibit, enrolled after she read the course description.
“I think what caught my interest was the idea that everybody — or at least most people — is a collector in some way, and that the objects we collect are somehow tied to our identity,” she says. “Those concepts got me thinking about myself and the people around me in a new light.”
Objects and their owners
At the beginning of the spring semester, Oliver’s class recruited nearly 40 interested faculty and staff members and students (including members of the Collecting Stories class, like India Clizer) to participate in the collection project. Students were each assigned two or three campus collectors and tasked with interviewing them and recording their stories — asking questions about their objects, how they were acquired, and why they were kept.
Oliver opened the class to students of all interests and all class years. Not surprisingly, museum studies and anthropology majors were drawn to enroll, but also students interested in history, sociology, creative writing, psychology — and the list goes on.
Being on both sides of the interview process excited Clizer. “I had to follow my curiosity and ask a lot of questions,” she says. “After thinking about all the different questions and angles I was taking with my participants, I tried to apply that same system to myself [while I was interviewed]. Pushing myself to answer the questions in the way I was asking my participants made me realize that the answers aren’t always there right away.” Participating in the “Beloit Collects!” exhibit encouraged Clizer and others “to think about the world — or even just yourself — a little differently.”
After the interviews, collectors gave students permission to borrow their precious objects to display in the exhibit.
Oliver introduced her students to the Wright Museum of Art and College Archives collections and enlisted Christa Story, the Wright Museum’s academic curator and interim director, and collections management intern Brooke McCammond’21 to help as students transformed an empty gallery into an exhibition space.
Creating an exhibit for the community lent itself to bringing people together after a prolonged absence of campus-wide events due to the pandemic. Oliver hoped that sharing stories and memories between members of different departments, age groups, and areas of expertise would strengthen relationships across campus.
“I thought it would be fun for people to experience their collected, treasured objects in a museum setting,” she says. The idea was that this experience would then elevate the perceived value of these collected items — not just as related objects, but as carefully curated collections.
That mindset was hard to break, even for some of Oliver’s own students, who didn’t think that their items constituted a collection, let alone belong in a museum.
“Initially, I expected that all the students collected,” she says. “The first day, several of them said they didn’t really collect anything. The more we talked, the more they started to think about their own objects as a collection of things that were of value to them.”
Items from exhibit participants were often more deeply connected to family, a particular time in their life, or their sense of self than to any monetary value. Every collection had a unique, personal story displayed alongside it, each one written by students from the Collecting Stories course.
Many collections were directly tied to place. Greg Buchanan, chair of the psychology department, began collecting year-in-review issues of Time, Life, and People magazines after moving to the United States from Australia in 1986. He explained to Molly Bloom’22 that he wanted to gain insight into American pop culture and national events. Since 2007, physics and astronomy professor Michael Fortner has been collecting U.S. counties he’s visited — ones he has either taken transportation through, stopped in, or even lived in. (Of the United States’ 3,143 counties or county-equivalents, Fortner has collected 2,666 so far, visually represented in an interactive map.) Sam Irwin’25 documented Fortner’s story.
Collections can also remind people of their personal and collective memories. Associate Professor of Spanish Amy Tibbits collects Depression-era glassware that conjures memories of spending time with her grandmother. Made in clear, pink, amber, and green, the glassware was affordable at a time when many households struggled to make ends meet, but it was elevated enough to make working-class families feel proud. Suzanne Healy’24 interviewed Tibbits about her glassware, which Tibbits began collecting with the help of her mother. She says she hopes to acquire enough pieces to populate her entire cupboard someday.
The collections varied in scale and type of object, too. Media studies major Alana Schacher’22 has dozens of rocks and crystals in her collection. She plans to acquire one of every type she can find and display them by color. Maxime Hall’23, an education and history double major from Germany, also participated as a collector and storyteller. Her large, diverse collections were narrowed to include giraffes, jewelry, and second-hand German novels. Political science professor Phil Chen owns 12 uniquely handcrafted fly-fishing poles made from bamboo that remind him of the life lessons of patience and observation that his father taught him.
The more Oliver and her students investigated readings with what she calls a “critical, theoretical perspective,” the more they began to challenge preconceived notions of who is considered a collector and why. They realized that, contrary to stereotypes, collecting is not limited to eccentric art collectors and amateur archaeologists. As they interrogated theorist’s definitions, students began to advocate for a more inclusive approach: Anyone who collects something has the authority to decide its value.
“Many times, we threw out the authority of the theorists,” Oliver explains. “Collecting as a personal endeavor means that people can decide for themselves if they’re a collector and if their objects are part of a collection.”
Students’ efforts were realized when the exhibit opened in late April. Despite the hustle and bustle of the end-of-semester events, the exhibit’s opening gathered a sizable crowd of faculty, student, and staff collectors, along with their friends and colleagues. People were proud to see their own objects displayed. They exchanged family lore, historical anecdotes, and more than a few laughs — exactly the kind of connections Oliver had in mind when she created the exhibit and the course.
Meg Kulikowski’21 is a writer and editor in Beloit’s Communications and Marketing Office.
Exploring the collections
Both Manger Professor of International Relations Beth Dougherty and Chief Communications Officer Elizabeth Conlisk say they hope to continue collecting objects that bring them joy.
Dougherty displays a collection of pigs — including figurines, like this green wooden pig she found in Galena, Illinois, as well as kitchen utensils and fabrics — in her home and office. She told her story to Alayna Furch’24.
Conlisk’s collection of polka-dotted items ranges from pillows and champagne flutes to wearable items, like sweaters and coats.
Whimsical Wind-Up Birds
Betsy Brewer, former director of the college’s international office, collects vibrant painted birds from around the world. Greer Simmons’22 interviewed Brewer and documented her collecting stories.
“I find them interesting and comforting and amusing,” Brewer says, particularly of her “working” birds. Her first bird was a coin bank owned by her sister from when her family lived in England. Since then, her collection has grown to include wind-up birds that peck, bird letter-openers, toothpick-holders, and other birds of various shapes, sizes, and materials that she found in Russia, Senegal, Germany, China, Turkey, and even Beloit.
“They connect me to places where I’ve lived or been that I find meaningful,” Brewer says. In addition to her bird collection, Brewer also collects depictions of Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin, vintage toy cars, and aprons, including a few intricately embroidered pieces from her years living in Slovakia.
Through Tough Times
Career Works’ Career Development Advisor Emily Sager has collected more than 130 angel figurines called Dreamsicles, only a fraction of which were displayed in the “Beloit Collects!” exhibit.
Sager received her first Dreamsicle — an angel perched next to a computer displaying the words “You’ve Got Mail” — from her parents when she was 16. She says the angels helped her get through a difficult time in her life. She has given some angels away to students and friends and hopes to pass the rest down to her daughter. | <urn:uuid:25f2a6df-7055-4e29-b181-a904354a36ea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.beloit.edu/live/news/3947-connecting-through-collecting | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.974487 | 2,293 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Two 2022 papers, starting with a review of irisin:
“This article is an overview of irisin generation, secretion, and tissue distribution. Its targeting of tissues or organs for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases is systematically summarized, with discussion of underlying molecular mechanisms.
Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine expressed as a bioactive peptide in multiple tissues and organs. Exercise and cold exposure are major inducers for its secretion.
Mechanistic studies confirm that irisin is closely correlated with lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation, ROS, endocrine, neurotrophic factors, cell regeneration and repairing, and central nervous system regulation. Irisin decreases with age, and is closely associated with a wide range of aging-related diseases.
A number of studies in elderly humans and animal models have shown that exercise can promote the body’s circulation and increase irisin levels in some tissues and organs. Resistance, aerobic, or combined exercise seem to play a positive role. However, exercise could not change serum irisin in some reported studies.
There are large individual differences in exercise training in the elderly population. Since the half-life of irisin in the body is less than 1 h, it is necessary to pay attention to the time of blood sampling after a single exercise intervention. Some factors that impede detection of irisin levels in vivo include the half-life of irisin protein, sampling time, different tissues, and different health statuses before and after intervention.
It is worth noting that high-intensity exercise shows higher irisin levels even with the same energy expenditure during exercise. Precision studies of irisin in elderly subjects following exercise intervention need to be further clarified.”
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1568163722001222 “Irisin, An Exercise-induced Bioactive Peptide Beneficial for Health Promotion During Aging Process” (not freely available) Thanks to Dr. Ning Chen for providing a copy.
A second paper was a human study too recent to be cited by the first paper. I’ll highlight its irisin findings:
“We investigated the complex relationship among DNAm based biomarkers of aging, including DNAmFitAge, a variety of physiological functioning variables, blood serum measures including cholesterol, irisin level, and redox balance, and the microbiome on 303 healthy individuals aged between 33 and 88 years with a diverse level of physical fitness. Regular exercise was associated with younger biological age, better memory, and more protective blood serum levels.
Our research intends to show that regular physical exercise is related to microbiota and methylation differences which are both beneficial to aging and measurable. Our research provides the first investigation between microbiome derived metabolic pathways and DNAm based aging biomarkers.
Irisin levels decrease with age (0.23 average decrease for every 1 year older). We found age-related decreases in irisin levels were attenuated by exercise training. The link between irisin to GrimAge Acceleration and FitAge Acceleration is a novel observation.
HDL is positively associated with irisin. HDL and irisin have complex roles in physiology, and the positive relationship we observe between physical exercise and HDL and irisin align with protective effects seen between HDL and irisin with glucose homeostasis.
This work further supports the biological importance of irisin to the aging process. It is possible our research motivates interventions to boost irisin, like through physical exercise, as possible anti-aging therapies.”
https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.07.22.22277842v1 “DNA methylation clock DNAmFitAge shows regular exercise is associated with slower aging and systemic adaptation” | <urn:uuid:7cd1b234-3049-49df-a27f-aa3bca10c2c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://surfaceyourrealself.com/2022/07/27/the-goddess-of-rainbows/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.937478 | 774 | 2.21875 | 2 |
The Tourism industry has set yet another target after almost hitting the one million tourists target visiting Uganda by 2012.
This target was set in 2009. Now sector players want to see the industry contributing up to 9.2% of the total Gross Domestic Products for Uganda by the year 2015.
According to Mr. James Rutaro, the commissioner for conservation in the Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Antiquities, tourism today contributes about 5% of the country’s GDP.
“We’re repositioning ourselves to ensure social economic transformation as well as increasing our total GDP contribution to 9.2%,” said Rutaro while launching the Uganda Snapshot Safari Board Game at the Café Ballet in Kampala last week. However, figures from the world travel and tourism council indicate that the direct contribution of travel and tourism to GDP is expected to be Ush1.4 trillion (about $545m), which is 3.2% of total GDP this year, rising by 5.8% per annum to Ush2.4 trillion (about $958m), 3.1% GDP in 2021.
The World Travel and Tourism Council figures further show that the total contribution of travel and tourism to Uganda’s GDP, including its wider economic impacts, is forecasted to rise by 5.9% per annum from Ush3.3 trillion (about $1.3b), which is 7.6% of GDP this year to Ush5.8 trillion (about $2.3b) or 7.4% GDP contribution by 2021.
The Uganda Snapshot Safari Board Game is a brain child of USAID-Sustainable Tourism in the Albertine Rift programme, Wildlife Clubs of Uganda and Mr. Nicholas Kagongo Arinaitwe, an artist who provided the illustrations and concept of the game.
Mr. David Eckerson, the USAID Uganda mission director said since the commencement of the USAID-STAR programme two years ago, four serious conservation threats have been identified | <urn:uuid:7a2b31c1-1b71-43d6-846b-a87ff2676bc7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://safarinews.katonatours.com/uganda-tourism-targets-9-2-gdp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.921059 | 411 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Black humour and even blacker lives collide in a tale of love and murder on an old Scottish Borders family estate.
Raw and immoral, Imelda is a subtle Gothic puzzle, mocking the reader in its quest for answers. Murder and madness this way lie―but who if anyone is to be believed in unpicking the deadly secrets behind the birth of cousin Imelda's child?
An assured masterpiece from Scotland's greatest living chronicler of the dark side, Imelda, first published in 1993 became an instant classic of Scottish letters.
"Imelda reads like a substantial work of fiction .... a disturbing, grotesquely comic and compelling tale ... irresistible in its intensity ... Imelda is an engaging and arresting psychological study, and it shows Herdman at his very best."
Brian McCabe, The Scotsman
"Imelda establishes itself from the start as a gripping, substantial tale."
Tom Adair, Scotland on Sunday
"..... master of a unique, dry, grotesquely humorous voice .... Imelda is the centrepiece .... a masterly mingling of the petty and the paranoid, the pathetic and the boastful, the credible and the incredible .... Herdman deserves to be much more widely known; this subtle, assured little masterpiece should go a long way to establishing him among our foremost novelists."
Douglas Gifford, Books in Scotland
".... this dark, tragic story .... Imelda is nightmarish in both its subject and means of narration - and yet is completely and utterly compelling."
Angela Finlayson, Chapman
"Herdman continues a tradition of Scottish surrealism which has been around since Hogg and Galt."
Carl MacDougall, The Glasgow Herald
"Herdman's writing is a feat of great wit and invention."
Julie Morrice, Scotland on Sunday
John Macmillan Herdman (born 20 July 1941) is a Scottish novelist, short story writer and literary critic. He is the author of seventeen books including five novels and various works of shorter fiction, a play, two critical studies and a memoir, and he has contributed to twenty other books. His work has been translated, broadcast and anthologized, and taught at universities in France, Australia and
Life and Career
John Herdman was born in Edinburgh and educated there at Merchiston Castle School, and then at Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a double first in English in 1963 and afterwards did research in Scottish literature. At a later date he returned to Cambridge to study church history for a Diploma in Theology, and in 1988 was awarded his Cambridge Ph.D for his published critical work. In the late 1960s and 1970s he was much involved in Scottish nationalism, both political and literary, a period recalled in his memoirs Poets, Pubs, Polls and Pillar Boxes (Akros, 1999) and Another Country (Thirsty Books, 2013). He has held a Creative Writing Fellowship at Edinburgh University (1977–79), Hawthornden Writer’s Fellowships (1989 and 1995), and the William Soutar Fellowship in Perth (1990–91), and has been Writer in Residence at Champlain College, Trent University, Canada (1998). He has received two Scottish Arts Council Book Awards and four bursaries. He is married and lives in Edinburgh.
As a fiction writer, Herdman’s main publications have been Descent (1968), A Truth Lover (1973), Memoirs of my Aunt Minnie / Clapperton (1974), Pagan’s Pilgrimage (1978), Stories Short and Tall (1979), Imelda and Other Stories (1993), Ghostwriting (
His fictions have a metaphysical flavour and a preoccupation with psychological duality, as well as strong elements of the surreal, the satirical and the grotesque. The books were widely commented upon in Scotland on publication, and studies of interest include Macdonald Daly’s introduction to Four Tales (Zoilus Press, 2000), Jean Berton’s articles on Ghostwriting in Études Écossaises nos. 8 and 9 (Université de Stendhal-Grenoble 3, 2002 and 2003-4), and Maïca Sanconie’s Postface to the French edition of Imelda (Quidam Editeur, 2006). Herdman has been interviewed by Macdonald Daly in Southfields six point one (1999), and by Isobel Murray and Bob Tait in Scottish Writers Talking 3 (John Donald, 2006). His plays Clapperton’s Day and Cruising were successfully produced on the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1985 and 1997 respectively, the latter being published in 1997.
As critic, Herdman has published Voice Without Restraint: Bob Dylan’s Lyrics and their Background (London and New York, 1982; Japanese translation, Tokyo, 1983), and The Double in Nineteenth Century Fiction (London, 1990, and New York, 1991), and contributed to various critical volumes on Scottish literary subjects. He has written very widely on modern and contemporary Scottish writers, including Hugh MacDiarmid, Sorley MacLean, David Lindsay, William Soutar, Fionn MacColla, Norman MacCaig, Tom Scott, Duncan Glen and D.M. Black. He edited two volumes of The Third Statistical Account of Scotland: Vol. 22 (The County of Berwick) (1992), and Vol. 28 (The County of Roxburgh) (1992). He is a past editor of Catalyst for the Scottish Viewpoint, and between 2004 and 2012 was co-editor (with Walter Perrie) of Fras and Fras Publications. | <urn:uuid:10d24cac-1f80-4bed-bca7-3ca83334c175> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://play.google.com/store/books/details/John_Herdman_Imelda?id=IZrsDwAAQBAJ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.943239 | 1,186 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Conventional thinking isn’t always bad, but it can lead to a bad result – missing out on new ways of doing things. This idea is particularly important to goal-setting and performance measurement in IT and business. A “same old, same old” approach to metrics will likely lead to the same old results. That’s good if you’re happy with the way things are; it’s less effective if you’re launching a brand-new initiative or driving significant change.
Trying new ways of thinking and problem-solving doesn’t mean tossing out things that already work well. This holds true in the specific context of setting goals, defining outcomes, and measuring results. In many organizations, these goals and outcomes are codified in the related (but different) practices of Objectives and Key Results (OKRs) and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs).
When designing OKRs and KPIs, you can rely on approaches that have worked well for you in the past, but you should also consider less conventional – if not completely contrarian – ideas. OKRs lend themselves particularly well to unconventional thinking.
6 unconventional tips on setting OKRs and KPIs
Let’s look at six counterintuitive tips for success.
1. You can use OKRs to avoid outcomes
OKRs are widely considered a means of setting goals (objectives) that have specific outcomes (key results) attached to them. Naturally, people and organizations tend to focus on desirable outcomes, such as high customer satisfaction (as defined by specific key results.)
“What if you flipped the script?” asks Saahil Panikar, principal consultant at Project & Team. “Instead of identifying where you want to be, identify where you don’t want to be, and then set OKRs that are designed to avoid an outcome rather than create one.”
Here’s an example perfect for the current moment: As more and more organizations announce their plans for returning (or not returning) to the office in some form, they may risk losing talent if the corporate decision doesn’t sit well with some employees.
What if you developed an OKR designed to avoid this scenario?
“‘We don’t want to lose employees by forcing a return to the office when employees prefer the work-life balance of work from home’ leads to an OKR to increase the number of remote work positions available by 50 percent,” Panikar says.
Indeed, you could attach an OKR (or several) to an organizational shift to hybrid work, using it as a tool to help define the intrinsically flexible approach and identifying the results that will indicate its success.
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2. It's OK to come up short of your OKRs
If you missed three out of every 10 questions on a high school math test, you’d typically go home with a “C-” grade – not exactly bragging rights. Thankfully, this is not high school. You can come up short of some of your OKRs and still be performing at a high level as an individual and as a team.
In fact, Beyond20 president Erika Flora says that if you’re hitting 100 percent of your OKRs, you’re probably playing it too safe.
“We’re not going to meet all of our OKRs, and that’s okay,” Flora says. “They’re meant to be stretch goals that push us, our teams, and our organizations out of our comfort zone. If we’re consistently meeting 70 percent of them, we’re doing well.”
If you hit every OKR, you and your team are also probably less likely to reflect on what’s working and what needs fine-tuning for the future. (The “fail fast” philosophy of learning and development in IT kind of depends on failing at least some of the time, right?)
“Regularly reviewing our OKRs gives us a chance to talk about what’s going well, what isn’t, and figure out how we’re going to change and improve going forward,” Flora says.
3. Treat OKRs and KPIs like meditation – a daily practice
It’s easy to view OKRs and KPIs as goals and metrics that you set once and check back on periodically, akin to traditional quarterly or annual performance reviews.
Gtmhub CMO Jeremy Epstein advocates a more immersive approach: Done right, OKRs and KPIs should guide everything you do. Success requires revisiting them daily.
“The first thing you should do every morning when you settle down to work is look at your OKRs and KPIs,” Epstein says. “It’s like business meditation, grounding you and keeping you focused on what’s important.”
Of course, this level of devotion to OKRs and KPIs has a prerequisite: You’d better be sure you’re developing strong OKRs and KPIs from the outset, and revisiting and revising them regularly as needed. It’s essentially a “work smarter” tactic that should eschew working more by ensuring you and your team only spend time on what actually matters.
“It all starts with preparing effective OKRs,” Epstein says. “The more time you spend developing the right OKRs and KPIs, the less time you’ll spend working.”
Where do KPIs work better than OKRs? Let's explore three more tips:
What to read next
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Keep up with the latest advice and insights from CIOs and IT leaders. | <urn:uuid:e6cbcdd8-644e-4133-b101-19130ff1dc70> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://enterprisersproject.com/article/2021/7/okrs-kpis-6-counterintuitive-tips | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.942065 | 1,226 | 1.703125 | 2 |
10 Assessment fit for purpose
Assessment of students’ work in science should include assessment of their practical knowledge, skills and behaviours. This applies to both formative and summative assessment.
- teachers should reflect on students’ practical skills and knowledge when awarding a grade for science.
- teachers should regularly use practical activities as an opportunity to formatively assess students’ understanding of science, where it is appropriate to do so.
- MAGNETIC FIELDS AND THE ELECTRIC MOTOR EFFECT
An example of a practical lesson with a focus on AfL.
- PREDICT - OBSERVE - EXPLAIN
A good example of this technique for exposing students’ preconceptions.
- WHEN ASSESSMENT IS WORKING
Use this card sort to reflect on what good AfL looks like.
- LSIS GETTING PRACTICAL
Produced by Learning and Skills Improvement Service, this interactive resource aims to support classroom practitioners in improving the quality of learning in practical science sessions.
- STARTERS FOR TEN - THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF CHEMISTRY
This selection of starters covers a range of chemistry topics for students aged 14 to 18. | <urn:uuid:09333e09-584d-4a58-9dae-887162e613c4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stem.org.uk/good-practical-science/assessment-fit-purpose | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.845855 | 258 | 3.875 | 4 |
What is a Debt Consolidation Loan?
Some homeowners may refinance their home so that they can pay off a debt, such as credit card balances. They can do this with a cash-out refinance, or debt consolidation loan, which means they get a mortgage for more than they owe on their home, take the difference in cash and pay off their high-interest debt with it.
Using the cash-out refinance method allows you to make fixed payments over a period of time, rather than paying a revolving balance each month. An advantage to this is that mortgage rates are typically lower than credit card interest rates.
So, you end up owing the same amount but you pay off the high-interest credit cards debt and replace it with a lower-interest loan debt.
Should You Refinance to Pay Off Debt?
Before you decide to refinance in order to pay off any debt, you need to be sure you have enough equity in your home. You will have to buy mortgage insurance if you end up owing more than 80% of your home’s value after you refinance.
To avoid this scenario, you will need to calculate your loan-to-value ratio. You do this by dividing your mortgage balance by the approximate value of your home.
If you are going to cash out some of the equity to pay off some debt, you’ll need to add the amount of debt you’re paying off to the loan amount. If your lone-to-value ratio is less than 80%, you’ll be able to cash out enough equity to pay off your debt without paying for any mortgage insurance.
Another Factor to Consider – Closing Costs
Before you refinance to pay off any debt, you’ll need to consider closing costs. Service providers and lenders charge hundreds or thousands of dollars in fees when you refinance a loan. That is money you could be better used to pay down your debt. You’ll need to compare the closing costs with the overall interest savings on the debt that’s being consolidated. The interest savings should exceed the closing costs.
Is Refinancing a Good Idea to Consolidate Debt?
Before you consider consolidating your debt, you will want to have a plan so that you don’t end up running up debt again.
Credit card debt is unsecured, meaning that it’s not backed by any collateral. So, if you if stop making payments to the credit card company, they can’t take your home. However, is you stop making payments on your mortgage, the lender can take your home. Therefore, if you decide to pay off credit card debt with a consolidation loan, you end up increasing your risk of losing your home.
Remember that when you perform a cash-out mortgage, you’ll be increasing your mortgage balance. Even if you refinance at a lower rate, your monthly payments may still increase. It’s important to look at all of your available options so that you can find the loan the best fits your needs and goals. | <urn:uuid:73d05059-97f1-436d-a183-6861481c2141> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://seanzmortgage.com/debt-consolidation-loan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952424 | 630 | 1.570313 | 2 |
While health authorities across the globe have asked people to go into self-quarantine and organisations have told employees to work from home, technology giant Apple’s App Store has compiled a hoard of apps for staying and working from home. In order to make quarantine time easier for people, App Store tweeted its Editors List for Apps for Working and Staying at Home.
The Editor’s list includes 12 categories for different apps that a person in quarantine or while working from home might require. These categories are:
- Learn and study from home: The list includes various apps which will aid children in studying while they are at home. Some of the apps are Google Classroom, Quizlet, Khan Academy and Coursera. Using these apps, the children won’t have to miss out on education due to the global health pandemic.
- Keep in touch with loved ones: This category includes various social media applications so that while people are unable to meet in person, they can still stay connected. The list includes applications like Apple’s video chatting app Facetime, photo sharing platform Snapchat, Skype, WhatsApp and WeChat.
- Connect with your coworkers: While several organisations have resorted to mandatory work from home, they still need to coordinate among themselves for smooth workflow. This category includes apps like Microsoft Teams, Slack, GoToMeeting and Crew Messaging and Scheduling for smooth remote operations in organisations.
- Browse breaking headlines: For those who wish to keep themselves updated with the happenings around the world while being cooped inside, the App Store list includes various news outlets. Washington Post, New York Times, Reuters and The Guardian are a few of the news apps listed in the category.
- Listen to the news: Not everyone wants to necessarily read the news. For them, the App Store has created a list of apps through which they can listen to the news, like TuneIn Radio, Apple Podcasts, Listle and BBC iPlayer Radio.
- Work out at home: As gyms and all other workout facilities have also been shut down, for people wanting to continue their exercise routine, App Store has shortlisted some apps. Wakeout!, Nike Training Club, Sweat and Jillian Michaels Fitness App are some of those listed.
- Your meditation station: Mediation is an effective tool to calm down the mind and have mental relaxation and peace. For guided meditation while at home, some of the apps shortlisted by Apple are Shine, Balance, Headspace and Calm.
- Soothing sounds to relax to: Another way to relax the mind and for aid in sleeping peacefully, some apps offer soothing music. Apps shortlisted under this category include Relax Melodies, Endel, Portal and Doze. Using these apps, one can ease their restlessness and fall asleep.
- Yoga for everyone: Apps like Asana Rebel, Yoga and Meditation by Glo, Yoga Studio and Pocket Yoga form the list for those who love to do Yoga to relax or to remain in shape.
- Navigate your emotions: Writing down your feelings and thoughts is considered to be one of the healthiest ways of dealing with your emotions. Apple has compiled a list of apps which offer journals for users to write in, including Reflectly, Moodnotes, Daylio Journal and Reflect.
- Grocery shopping made easy: To discourage people from going grocery shopping, Apple has compiled a list of apps where users can order groceries online. Boxed, Instacart, Target and Amazon Prime Now are some of the apps listed.
- Find your new go-to recipes: To aid people in cooking and eating healthy while they have been advised to stay at home, App Store has included cooking recipe apps like Food Network Kitchen, Tastemade, Project Foodie and Tasty. | <urn:uuid:1ddb5939-b724-4c54-9d6c-917190fd55af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.financialexpress.com/industry/technology/coronavirus-outbreak-here-are-the-best-apps-to-use-while-working-and-staying-at-home-according-to-apple/1903696/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.945977 | 772 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Explore Indoor Waterfalls and Rivers at Naturequest
The NatureQuest exhibit at the Fernbank Museum of Natural History in Atlanta, Georgia is making quite a splash among young children and their parents. The amazing thing is that the splash leaves everyone dry. Even after the kids have spent the day running through waterfalls, chasing fish down a river, and exploring tide pools, they’ll leave the museum just as dry as when they walked in. They will, however, leave with a new understanding and appreciation of the Southeast’s diverse ecosystems. NatureQuest invites children to explore the different ecosystems using all their senses and to learn through activity what makes each one unique and important.
The hands-on environments at NatureQuest were created by Thinkwell Group, an experiential design firm that has worked on numerous high-profile projects, such as the Wizarding World of Harry Potter and Ski Dubai, the indoor ski resort in the Mall of the Emirates. In the case of NatureQuest, they’ve called on their experience in designing large-scale immersive environments to create an interactive learning space in which every square inch begs to be explored. The 7,000 square foot space introduces children to six different ecosystems found throughout Georgia and other southern states. Each ecosystem is brought to life through a combination of physical scenery, animal sculptures, sound, and interactive and projected media.
Getting back to what we mentioned earlier about exploring rivers and waterfalls while staying completely dry, let’s take a look at some of these features. One of the highlights at NatureQuest is definitely the Virtual River. The river, which runs through most of the exhibit, is a life-like projection of a flowing river teeming with fish. Kids can step right into this river, but they might have a hard time catching the fish because motion tracking software captures their movement and sends the fish swimming away. Upstream you’ll reach a virtual waterfall that uses similar projection technology to create the illusion of falling water. You can step right through it into a cave without a drop hitting your head.
NatureQuest also takes you beneath the sea where you’ll find 700 different corals, sponges, and marine creatures living among the rocks and pillars. The blue lighting and realistic terrain creates an aquatic atmosphere that you can explore for hours on end without any scuba gear.
Back on dry land, the multi-level clubhouse sets the stage for even more adventures. The clubhouse is jam-packed with pictures, models, and games all relating to the surrounding ecosystems and their inhabitants. Through the clubhouse, you can reach the rope bridges which wind through the treetops and afford a bird’s-eye view of all the surrounding habitats.
At NatureQuest, you can’t turn around without finding yourself on the trail of another adventure or animal. The floor is literally covered in tracks made by 11 different animal species. Follow the tracks and you’re sure to find the critter that left them behind on their way home. It is exactly this kind of investigation and discovery that makes NatureQuest such a dynamic and enriching experience.
Cette transaction va positionner TAIT comme le développeur d’expériences du...
Deal Positions TAIT as the Most Comprehensive End-to-End Developer of...
Thinkwell Group Congratulates U.S. Department of State On the Successful Opening of The USA Pavilion At Expo 2020 Dubai
Global experience design firm Thinkwell Group was selected by the... | <urn:uuid:3b524b64-104d-48ba-b9a5-af193f6b24c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thinkwellgroup.com/blog/2011/12/14/explore-indoor-waterfalls-and-rivers-at-naturequest/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.932333 | 725 | 2.625 | 3 |
Carriage bolts are heavy-duty threaded fasteners that have a head that is shaped like a mushroom
Carriage bolts are heavy-duty threaded fasteners that have a head that is shaped like a mushroom. Carriage bolts are used in a variety of applications. In addition to this, they keep a low profile, and the characteristics discussed above serve to distinguish them. You can follow their story all the way back to the beginning of the 19th century. Because these fasteners were originally used on carriages, which is also where their name came from, they are known as carriage bolts. The term "carriage bolt" comes from this fact. It was necessary to use specialized fasteners that were up to the task of withstanding the rigorous use that carriages, and particularly their wheels, were subjected to. In order to accomplish this, it was necessary to use specialized fasteners that were capable of withstanding the task. To be able to accomplish this, it was necessary to make use of fasteners that were resistant to the challenge that was being faced. As a direct result of this, the carriage bolt that is utilized universally in modern times came into existence.
Since then, other modes of transportation have largely supplanted horse-drawn carriages due to the fact that these alternative modes of travel are more efficient and more rapid than carriages themselves. Despite this fact, carriage bolts continue to find use in a wide variety of applications that require some kind of fastening. Examples of these applications include:
When Compared to All the Other Kinds of Bolts, the Carriage Bolt is Without a Doubt the Best One There Is.
It's possible that you're interested in learning about the key distinctions that exist between carriage bolts and other kinds of bolts, as there are a few key differences between the two. Carriage bolts still have a shank despite the fact that they have a threaded shank, and carriage bolts still have heads despite the fact that they have heads on top of their respective shanks, despite the fact that they have heads on top of their respective shanks. Carriage bolts are distinct from their standard counterparts in a number of ways, despite the fact that they appear to be very similar to the majority of other types of bolts. These differences can be seen in a number of ways, including the following:This is due to the fact that standard bolts are constructed out of a different material than carriage bolts.
The head, which is present on carriage bolts but not on other types of bolts, is one of the most noticeable distinctions that can be made between carriage bolts and other types of bolts. Other types of bolts do not have heads. A carriage bolt has a head that resembles a mushroom and is designed to have a low profile once the bolt has been installed. The heads of other kinds of bolts, on the other hand, might have a higher profile and be in the shape of a hexagon. These are the distinguishing features that set them apart from hex bolts.
When a carriage bolt is being inspected, you might notice that it has a band directly under its head that is either square or hexagonal in shape. This band is there to prevent the carriage bolt from rotating. It is the job of this band to stop the carriage bolt from turning in its socket. The head is still in the form of a mushroom, but the threaded shank that is located directly below the head has a band that is either square or hexagonal in shape, depending on which one is more prevalent in the population. The band is located directly below the head. If a carriage bolt of this kind is used, and it is inserted into a hole in the band that has the same shape as the hole, then the carriage bolt will lock into place once it has been inserted.
Carriage Bolts Provide Their Users with a Wide Range of Advantages.
Carriage bolts are extremely valuable for a variety of reasons, the most important of which may be that they are dependable and last for a very long time. They are far superior to the vast majority of other types of bolts in terms of both their strength and their durability. They stand head and shoulders above the competition.
When it comes to carriage bolts, there are a few different kinds of threading that can be used. These types of threading can be used. A threading pattern is etched into the shank of every carriage bolt. This pattern is used to thread the bolt. As a direct consequence of this, some carriage bolts have a shank that is fully threaded, while others have a shank that is only partially threaded. Both types of carriage bolts are used for the same purpose. The two different kinds of serve the same function when they are used. When referring to a shank as having a partially threaded cover, what is meant to be conveyed is that the threading only covers a portion of the shank, typically somewhere in the vicinity of three-quarters of the shank. When someone refers to a shank as having a partially threaded cover, they are referring to it in this sense.
Carriage bolts have a mechanism that enables them to hold themselves securely in position once they are installed. The vast majority of carriage bolts include a band that is positioned directly underneath the head of the bolt. This band can be found in the center of the bolt. It was mentioned earlier that this band gives them the ability to firmly establish themselves exactly where it is that they desire to be. It is possible to secure it by inserting a carriage bolt into a hole that has a band shape that is identical to that of the carriage bolt. This will make it impossible for the carriage bolt to fall out.
Because of their one-of-a-kind construction, are easily distinguished from other kinds of bolts
The mechanism that is utilized for the purpose of fastening is yet another significant difference that can be made between carriage bolts and the conventional analogues that they are similar to. This is one of the most important distinctions that can be made between the two types of fasteners. Because of the way the head of a carriage bolt is constructed, it is not possible to use a screwdriver or any other tool designed for drilling on a carriage bolt. This is because the head of a carriage bolt is designed to prevent such use. Because of this, carriage bolts almost always have a square fitting or shank that projects from the flat side of the bolt. This is how the carriage bolt gets its name. The shank not only helps to secure the material, but it also helps to grip the material, which prevents the material from turning or twisting, which, in turn, makes the process of installing or assembling the material straightforward and uncomplicated. Both of these benefits come from the shank.
In the variant of the carriage bolt that is used for these applications, the square fitting that is normally found on carriage bolts that are used for metal applications has been replaced with a ribbing that runs under the rounded head of the carriage bolt. This ribbing runs the length of the carriage bolt. This variant helps to keep the metal components in place for improved fastening, and it functions in a manner that is analogous to that of other fasteners that are designed specifically for use in applications related to woodworking. In order to facilitate the process of securing the components in their designated locations, carriage bolts of either type are typically utilized in conjunction with nuts. This helps to make the process go more smoothly. | <urn:uuid:3fd09f73-0c10-45d7-b1a1-6e08018b2784> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tinericrestini.xyz/read-blog/180_what-specifically-does-a-carriage-bolt-consist-of.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.973526 | 1,509 | 2.875 | 3 |
Do people use hotel gyms?
One of the main reasons why hotels have gyms is because they want to cater to guests who want to keep on their fitness routines even during their vacation or business trip. Hotels want to provide clients with a holistic experience during their stay, and part of creating that experience is providing guests with fitness and wellness facilities like gyms and spas. That said, the dynamic behind hotel gyms is quite interesting. Even during pre-pandemic times, only a quarter of hotel guests are said to be using the gym facilities.
Some hotels offer external memberships to non-guests so they too can use their gym. This proves to be an effective strategy in giving people the opportunity to experience a high-class gym experience. Hotel gyms are also a great way for customers to be familiar with the other facilities like places where they can have brunch, enjoy a spa, or even go swimming. The Beeches Hotel is one of the hotels in West Bridgford that offers these facilities and more. If you’re looking for a hotel gym, consider the one at thebeecheshotel.co.uk. | <urn:uuid:3ccf6e90-9f98-4455-9413-02b018d1ac0d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.experts123.com/q/do-people-use-hotel-gyms.html?order_by=newest | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.974819 | 235 | 1.585938 | 2 |
The People’s Policy Project has crunched the numbers, and using 2018 statistics from the Census, they’ve determined that a Medicare for All program run by the federal government would lift approximately 8 million people out of poverty—a total that represents 18.8 percent of America’s 42.5 million poor. And it would reduce overall poverty by even more:
This headcount poverty measure actually understates how significant MOOP expenses are to poverty in this country. According to this same data, in 2018, the total poverty gap stood at $175.8 billion. This figure is derived by calculating how far each poor family’s income is below the poverty line and then adding those calculations together to get an aggregate amount. MOOP expenses make up $38.2 billion of that total gap, meaning that Medicare for All would cut poverty by about 22 percent.
Medical out-of-pocket expenses account for 22 percent of income expenditures for poor people, while it’s far less for those with more money. The conclusion here is staggering:
by eliminating medical out-of-pocket expenses, Medicare for All would reduce headcount poverty by 19 percent, reduce the overall poverty gap by 22 percent, and increase poor people’s incomes by 29 percent.
The PPP calls this “one of the most potent anti-poverty programs proposed thus far in the current presidential race,” and that’s before you take into account how reduced health expenditures would benefit other groups in the country, including the middle class and those just above the poverty line. | <urn:uuid:1f6250b1-7892-4084-b6ab-c01cf18bf0e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://staging.pastemagazine.com/politics/medicare-for-all/medicare-for-all-reduce-poverty/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.957599 | 324 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Prague, Jan 8 (CTK) – The revenues from the social insurance payments reached the record high sum of 394.5 billion crowns in the Czech Republic in 2015, which is 21 billion more than in 2014, according to the data of the Czech Social Security Administration (CSSZ).
The higher revenues are the result of economic growth as more people have jobs and salaries have risen, too.
The social insurance includes the pension insurance, the sickness insurance and the contribution to pro-employment policy.
Last year, 379.1 billion crowns were paid in pension and sickness insurance, while 409.6 billion were paid out in pensions and sickness benefits. This resulted in a deficit of 30.5 billion crowns, which is nine billion lower than in 2014.
Until now, the most successful year was 2008 when 375.4 billion crowns were gained in social insurance payments. Due to the economic crisis, the revenues fell to 337.8 billion. They have been gradually increasing since then, yet the latest year-on-year 5.7 percent increase has been the steepest.
CSSZ spokeswoman Jana Buranova said the pension insurance account achieved its best result in the past five years in 2015, but it still had a deficit of 33.6 billion crowns: 385.5 billion were paid out in pensions and 351.9 billion were received in pension insurance payments.
In 2014, the pension account deficit was 43.4 billion crowns. In 2010 it was 29.3 billion and in 2011 it rose to 39.5 billion.
Last year, 3.1 billion crowns were added to the sickness insurance account. People´s insurance payments reached 27.2 billion, while 24.1 billion were paid out in sickness benefits and maternity leaves. However, the surplus of the account was higher in the previous years: 3.9 billion crowns in 2014 and 5.6 billion in 2012. In 2008, it was as much as 14.8 billion. During the economic crisis, the account had a deficit. | <urn:uuid:ac526c11-d06b-48f1-a674-b4396b5d8df2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://praguemonitor.com/news/national/11/01/2016/2016-01-11-social-insurance-revenues-are-record-high-2015/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.980906 | 433 | 1.664063 | 2 |
People of every age could benefit from increased focus on safety behind the wheel. Older adults face a special set of challenges when it comes to operating a vehicle, whether it’s on the highway or on busy city streets. Changes to vision, hearing, reflexes and cognitive health mean seniors may need to make changes to their driving habits and their car in order to drive safely.
This month’s puzzle contains 20 words all having to do with senior driving safety. Take a coffee break and find them all!
Need a little help? Click here to find the solution to the puzzle.
More Information About Senior Driving Safety
Read more about driver safety in AgeWise King County, including Aging Parents and Driving: When It’s Time to Retire the Keys (February 2016), How to Avoid Distracted Driving (May 2015), and Honk If You Hear Me! Three Tips on Hearing and Driving (May 2014).
Visit AAA’s Senior Driving webpage to find information on evaluating and improving your driving ability, choosing a car that is safest for your needs, and adding features that can make your car even safer.
The AARP offers information and resources for senior drivers and caregivers.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) features extensive information and resources for older drivers, caregivers and agencies serving seniors.
The American Occupational Therapy Association has information about driver rehabilitation specialists, professionals who can evaluate a senior’s driving ability, train them in safer driving practices, suggest modifications to the car, and help them access alternative transportation.
April is Distracted Driving Awareness Month. Today’s technologies can be very helpful when it comes to navigating and improving visibility—but they also can add a new layer of danger when they cause us to take our eyes or minds off the road.
Source: IlluminAge Communication Partners; copyright 2016 | <urn:uuid:a1e1dc65-c6e1-4ff3-8e58-0328a652758e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.agewisekingcounty.org/ill_pubs_articles/senior-driving-safety-wordfind/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.929213 | 379 | 2.609375 | 3 |
OIES Podcast – Key themes and messages from the inaugural OIES Energy Transition event
In this extended podcast, David Ledesma discusses with James Henderson the key themes and messages from the inaugural Energy Transition days that were held in Oxford, and livestreamed, on 21-22 June 2022. The overall theme was the dichotomy between the environmental goals which must be met in the long-term if climate and temperature targets are to be met and the short-term energy security necessities that have been catalysed by the Russian invasion of Ukraine. These challenges are being faced primarily in Europe, but as one of the speakers at the conference put it the Russian/Ukraine war is a “European War with Global Consequences” and the podcast addresses this broader point in the context of social and energy justice during the current energy crisis and during the energy transition. The podcast also discusses key energy transition topics such as carbon allowance and offset markets, measurement and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and the role of finance in achieving the long-term climate targets. It then moves on to summarise the conclusions from the hydrogen session, discussing the potential demand for hydrogen, key issues with transportation, challenges in developing new projects and potential business models. Finally it considers the prospects for COP27 and the challenges that lie ahead of environmental policy-makers and energy companies. | <urn:uuid:e63636cc-21cb-4333-8205-23ddbefd2e58> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oxfordenergy.org/publications/oies-podcast-key-themes-and-messages-from-the-inaugural-oies-energy-transition-event/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.942068 | 267 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Two factors determine the cost of living of an individual or for a family for that matter. The first being the income earned and the expenses spent on the essential requirements. Increase in the hike of the prices day to day costs leads to inflation. The imbalances in the relationship between supply and demand lead to rising. Prices of certain goods increase due to the more demand for the products and the amount of the product is comparatively less. When the difference in supply and demand occur, it will lead to inflation. Even housing expenses will have more impact on the cost of living which can be learned quickly by going through the website https://www.derealtygroup.com /.
Inflation affecting purchasing power: Inflation can have a significant effect on the cost of living based on the decline in purchasing power. The standard of living maintained by the individual can be reduced by decreasing the ability to purchase and by increasing the day to day expenses. Inflation can have more effect on the cost of living as it will reduce the spending power. The rise will have a more significant influence on the people who are retired. Generally retired people live on fixed income. Growth leads to increase in prices of all goods and services which will reduce the spending power among them. Wage earners too will face the same consequences when the wages are flat,and the inflation occurs leading to a price hike.
Inflation affects finance: Inflation will force individuals to reduce their spending power or to borrow money to maintain the standards of living. Borrowing may increase their debts and paying interest will be not less than inflation. Hence individuals can reduce their expenses by avoiding gym membership or subscription of magazines. The worst situations may lead the people to shift from the luxuries house to small home. People will start using public transport rather than using a personal vehicle. The countries may face a situation where the inflation outburst and it will even become difficult to buy basic needs such as food and water. The main reasons for inflation are due to the variance in supply and demand. The availability of the goods and services must be as per the market,and the amount must be the same. When there is a mismatch in these two elements it will lead to inflation as the price of the products will increase rapidly.
The government took measures: As inflation will have a more significant impact on the country as well,the government will take necessary steps to control inflation. This will help to increase the standard of living of people. The government will increase the interest rates as the borrowing cost increases;this will automatically decrease the disposable income of the customers and the business. As the demand for the goods falls, the retailers will reduce the prices to sell the surplus inventory. The government can also cut down inflation by manipulating currency prices. This will have a significant effect on exports and imports. The decrease in the value of the specific currency will in turn help to decrease the imports. Thus the inflation can be reduced. The government has no power to control energy prices and oil prices. | <urn:uuid:68421832-f2f9-4446-b0e6-8e8bf618d4dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.bsuimaginetomorrow.org/the-affect-of-inflation-on-cost-of-living/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.959173 | 601 | 3.671875 | 4 |
SunExpress, a joint venture of Turkey's flag carrier Turkish Airlines (THY) and German carrier Lufthansa, will begin limited cargo flights with 18 aircraft in its fleet.
It earlier halted all domestic and international flights as part of the travel restrictions to fight the coronavirus outbreak.
The carrier will begin freighter operations with a new type of cargo-carrying model by utilizing the passenger cabin to maximize the capacity for cargo, the company said in a statement Monday.
The venture expects to be able to carry a maximum load of up to 21,700 tons by being able to load passenger seats and overhead bins, in addition to the aircraft's regular cargo section, the statement added.
SunExpress Deputy General Manager Ahmet Çalışkan said the airline has so far carried cargo in the designated section of the aircraft. "The cargo-only flights will be operated for the first time in the company's history," he said.
“We have made a total of 18 aircraft suitable for cargo use by turning passenger cabins into cargo holds without removing the seats."
“We completed the necessary work in a short time and will carry out our cargo flights initially from İzmir and Antalya. In the next stages, we plan to operate cargo flights from other destinations based on incoming demand,” Çalışkan added.
Based in the coastal resort of Antalya, the company suspended its flights from Turkey to Germany, France, Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Austria, the U.K., Switzerland and Ireland in line with measures taken by Turkish authorities to protect public health against the outbreak.
SunExpress in 2019 achieved the highest revenue in its 30-year history. The firm's revenue increased by 10% in 2019 on a yearly basis by generating a revenue of over 1.4 billion euros and carrying over 10 million passengers with a load factor of 83%.
Founded as a joint venture of Turkish Airlines and Germany's Lufthansa in 1989, SunExpress flies to more than 90 destinations in over 30 countries in Europe, the Middle East and North Africa.
The new coronavirus has infected over 1.85 million worldwide and killed over 114,200, while nearly 434,800 have recovered, according to U.S.-based Johns Hopkins University.
The virus emerged in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December and has since spread to at least 185 countries and regions restricting international travel.
Please click to read our informative text prepared pursuant to the Law on the Protection of Personal Data No. 6698 and to get information about the cookies used on our website in accordance with the relevant legislation.
6698 sayılı Kişisel Verilerin Korunması Kanunu uyarınca hazırlanmış aydınlatma metnimizi okumak ve sitemizde ilgili mevzuata uygun olarak kullanılan çerezlerle ilgili bilgi almak için lütfen tıklayınız. | <urn:uuid:f688ba8e-fed0-4088-b303-210d0ddf1de5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dailysabah.com/business/transportation/turkish-german-carrier-sunexpress-begins-cargo-only-flights | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.928723 | 652 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Will the current COVID19 crisis have a lasting impact on our educational system and understanding? Or will we still be learning and teaching in 100 years as we do today? These two core questions have been addressed by Prof. Dr. habil. Heiko von der Gracht in an interview in the trade magazine Didacta.
Various scenarios were outlined in the conversation: The best-case scenario focuses on the use of cogs (cognitive computers). In the worst case, everything remains as it was, because the structures will not yield to the pressure to innovate.
In addition, two students were interviewed in the journal. Read the article to see how they envision the future of education, what our professor has to say about it, and how Star Trek’s holodeck fits in.
Try the magazine for free with this coupon code: (1806didactaPM). | <urn:uuid:fd37a6c4-82cd-4006-b77f-7fb483f86ea7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.steinbeis-sibe.de/en/learning-from-the-crisis-what-does-the-education-of-the-future-look-like/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947939 | 181 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Anderson County-Principal Day Celebrations
Anderson County Career and Tech School – ‘We had a rip roaring Principal Appreciation Day Thursday February 11 2016. The A Team did an exceptional job with the posters and planning. From loot bags to pizza to mask and Mr. Herrell’s headdress. The Principals enjoyed all the thank you’s and fun. All the hard work always pays off when you see how much they enjoyed themselves. Hi Ho Silver and Away!!!’ Click here for the photos.
Anderson County High School – Our kids loved being able to let our principals know how much we love and appreciate them. Click here for the photos.
Claxton Elementary School – Our students had a fun day celebrating Principal’s Day. Click here for the photos.
Clinch River Community School – Elementary, middle, and high school students celebrated Principal Appreciation Day at CRCS. Elementary and middle school students made a variety of posters and artwork. It was a great day!’ Click here for the photos.
Clinton High School – We had to postpone our Principal Appreciation Day several times due to snow. When we FINALLY had the chance to celebrate our administrators, we provided them with lunch from Salsarita’s. We also collected thank you notes from students. Click here for the photos.
Clinton Middle School– We had a great time celebrating our principals today. Click here for the photos.
Grand Oaks Elementary School– We had a great day of celebrations! Doors were decorated, special announcements made, a song presented by 5th grade students, and a chuckwagon lunch featuring BBQ chicken, banana pudding, and sweet tea! Students donned masks, bandannas, and boots to make the day special. Most importantly, they pledged to leave behind good deeds and respect in their ‘clouds of dust’ to honor her leadership. Click here for the photos.
Lake City Elementary School – One of our 1st grade classes performed an assembly program using the Lone Ranger song and special sayings about our Principals. A western scene complete with horse saddle and lanterns was created on stage for the Principals to sit by during the program. Lake City truly appreciates our Principals today and every day! Click here for the photos. | <urn:uuid:af0460df-68e8-49fa-ab2a-d2eaba382986> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://utrust.org/latest-happenings/anderson-county-principal-day-celebrations | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.956032 | 471 | 1.671875 | 2 |
The invention of the wheel helped people to journey in and control their setting. The robots of the 2020s shall be smaller and lighter, which will make them more flexible, simpler to deploy, and extra cost-efficient. The trend towards lightweight design applies to each the our bodies and the brains of robots. Several firms are investing in optimised operation techniques, software program, and programming. A robotics CoE is answerable for growing and implementing robotic solutions which would possibly be efficient, productive, and responsive to the needs of industries.
For occasion, the corporate allows information middle operators to increase bandwidth, cut back operating and capital costs, deploy high-performance computing applications, and take advantage of networked storage to increase value and performance efficiencies. The ruling is extra broad, saying that “networked speaker devices and devices able to controlling these units that incorporate the infringing technology” are affected — however only if Google hasn’t already applied the approved workarounds. The US International Trade Commission has ruled that Google is in violation of 5 Sonos patents referring to good speakers .
It did not take long to discover that wheeled wagons could be used to hold heavy masses. The ancient Sumerians used the potter’s wheel and will have invented it. A stone pottery wheel found within the city-state of Ur dates to around 3429 BCE, and even older fragments of wheel-thrown pottery have been present in the same space. Fast potters’ wheels enabled early mass production of pottery, but it was the utilization of the wheel as a transformer of power that revolutionized the appliance of nonhuman power sources.
Our new automobiles come outfitted with technology to read out text messages and let us use voice instructions to make telephone calls. Allocating consideration to other tasks, can result in our driving efficiency struggling and putting lives in danger. It uses far more than scientific knowledge and includes values as a lot as information, sensible craft information as a lot as theoretical information.
Focus on changes and better development, oriented to the triple backside line; Profit, People, and Planet to be unified and consistent. Students, college, and staff are ready entry CANVAS, GEMS, FAST, OASIS multi function place. MyUSF provides virtual workspaces for departments and individual workgroups to share and collaborate on various initiatives.
The plan earmarked 1.eight billion euros ($2 billion) to develop quantum applied sciences between 2021 and 2025, with the state offering 1 billion euros ($1.13 billion). The remaining funds will come from a mix of trade programs, European funding, and related startup investments. Leaders hope to create about 16,000 new jobs inside this sector by 2030, per the French authorities.
Compared to four years study normally at QUT, this program presents cost effective arrangement. Starting the first two years of research in Ubaya will considerably cut down the time and price needed to earn each degrees. This program is performed by extremely Software qualified and skilled school members from each Universities, lots of whom are working professionals. Moreover Ubaya also provides a free English preparation for IT twin diploma students. The 1st IEIT will be performedonline utilizing Zoomplatform onSeptember 14th– 15th, 2021. | <urn:uuid:2cba6a9d-759e-4998-8474-307aa32067a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://memoryandjustice.org/nba-launchpad-selects-5-firms-to-develop-future-of-basketball.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.937774 | 661 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Statement on Jerusalem events by IPU Committee on Middle East Questions
Having met on Monday 10 May 2021, the IPU Committee on Middle East Questions continues to closely monitor the developments unfolding in East Jerusalem. It expresses grave concerns over the escalation of violence and tensions that have unfortunately cost human life and caused extensive injuries and damage. It firmly condemns all forms of violence, irrespective of who is responsible. It urges all parties to exercise maximum restraint and to refrain from any action that will lead to further damage and loss of human life.
The Committee reiterates its commitment to peace in the region, and requests that all parties engage in meaningful dialogue with a view to a resolution of the conflict with full respect for the legitimate rights of all involved.
The IPU Committee on Middle East Questions is made up of 12 Members of Parliament from around the world with expertise in the Middle East. Its members are elected by the IPU Governing Council for four years. Israel and Palestine are ex-officio members of the Committee. | <urn:uuid:a54f71ff-842c-4b1e-8dfd-beb980199819> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bgipu.org/activity-reports/statement-on-jerusalem-events-by-ipu-committee-on-middle-east-questions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947032 | 202 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Have you ever gotten stuck on the idea that you need to heal or “fix” yourself in order to have the life of your dreams?
Often when people first find personal development or coaching, it’s because there’s an aspect of their lives they want to improve or “fix.”
It could be an area where they’re struggling to get results, repeating patterns they can’t seem to escape, or simply a sense that something is missing.
Through the world of personal growth, they find tools and resources like books, programs, podcasts, and coaches that support them to overcome their challenges.
With this new support, they begin to see positive shifts in the way they feel, and their lives may start improving dramatically. But sometimes, there’s a sneaky dynamic that slips in amidst all of the positive growth and progress.
Although they may be growing – they’re often doing so to “fix” an underlying feeling that something is wrong with them (or their lives).
It feels like there is always another problem that needs fixing or solving. They begin seeing themselves through the lens of their blocks, limiting beliefs, and patterns that need to be overcome.
There’s nothing wrong with starting your journey of personal growth from a pain point or an area where you want to grow, but when this starts to define the way you approach your life, it can become a self-fulfilling prophecy.
With all of the focus on the things we want to change and fix, we actually create more friction and resistance to the changes we want. Unconsciously, we perpetuate the exact things we want to escape by putting all of our focus and attention on them.
As the old saying goes, “What you resist, persists,” and this is just as true as ever when it comes to your journey of personal growth!
The truth is, coaching and personal development isn’t about fixing yourself. It’s about becoming yourself.
It’s about becoming more of who you always were deep down – and who you were meant to be.
In the Aliveness Method®, the first thing we teach our students and coaches is a framework we call the Curiosity Spectrum. It describes how each and every one of us started out as happy babies.
We enter the world as lit up, bright eyed little beings who are fully alive and curious about the world. Then, over the course of our lives, we have experiences that begin to dim our lights.
It might be that you were bullied in school, told by a parent or teacher that your desires were unrealistic, or that the “realities” of paying bills and making your way in the world slowly began to chip away at your dreams.
The more we grow up, the more we’re expected to settle down and take life seriously. And as a result, we lose that spark of joy and curiosity.
There are countless ways our lights can go out. You might remember specific situations, or it may have happened more gradually.
This is a natural part of life, and it’s not necessarily a bad thing. Through our challenging experiences, we gain wisdom and grow into who we are.
However, if you want to become the best version of yourself, it’s actually less about fixing the things that are wrong with you and more about returning to that lit up, curious, happy baby that still lives deep inside of you.
The good news is, your lights can come back on in life in many ways…
For some people, a life-altering experience or event helps them wake up and begin to come alive again. This might be a divorce, losing a loved one, having a spiritual awakening, or experiencing a health crisis. Unfortunately, most of these are not up to you, nor are they paths the majority of people would want to take.
However, you can also create this shift through education and transformation, which is why we created the Aliveness Method® – that we teach in our Aliveness Mastery® program.
This 9-month program is one-part coaching certification, one part business coaching program, and one-part personal transformational journey. It’s designed to help you “birth” the next version of you… the one who has all the wisdom of your life experience, yet is also lit up, alive, and curious like that happy baby you once were.
Wherever you continue your journey of personal growth – we invite you to shift your focus to start paying attention to your aliveness.
This is the key to reconnecting to your inner “happy baby,” the person you truly are deep inside.
And when you combine this essence with the wisdom of your life experiences and you’ll discover the version of yourself you were always meant to be. The version of you who will achieve your dreams, make an impact in the world, and live a life you love. | <urn:uuid:7a4d7432-5360-434c-9c40-600440990d25> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.followyouraliveness.com/youre-not-broken-but-theres-something-youve-forgotten/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.963484 | 1,031 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Girl Reserve, 1940-1941
Scope and Contents
Materials relating to a study of the meaning, reception, and connection to the YWCA of the name Girl Reserve, a YWCA organization for young and teen aged girls. Study materials include reports of committee members, goals of the study, questions asked, results and analysis, consideration of changing the name and terminology used to describe the group, and other materials.
Dates of Materials
Language of Materials
Conditions Governing Access
This collection is open for use without restriction beyond the standard terms and conditions of Smith College Special Collections.
However, by agreement with the YWCA of the U.S.A., microdexes known to contain financial records or personal health information (usually on job applications) were not digitized and/or not published in our online repository as part of the CLIR Digitizing Hidden Collections grant. These microdexes may still be accessed on the original microfilm, and digital files may be made available to individual researchers upon request.
421 frames (1 partial reel)
Part of the Sophia Smith Collection of Women's History Repository
7 Neilson Drive
Northampton MA 01063 | <urn:uuid:8201ecee-5a7f-4e83-b24c-b136fca31f5a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://findingaids.smith.edu/repositories/2/archival_objects/171505 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.872652 | 272 | 1.820313 | 2 |
The total straight line flight distance from Seattle, WA to Maui is 2,646 miles. This is equivalent to 4 259 kilometers or 2,299 nautical miles.
How many air miles is it from Seattle to Hawaii?
The shortest distance (air line) between Seattle and Hawaii is 2,670.09 mi (4,297.09 km).
How many air miles from Seattle to Kauai?
The total straight line flight distance from Seattle, WA to Kauai is 2,706 miles. This is equivalent to 4 354 kilometers or 2,351 nautical miles.
How long is the plane ride from Seattle to Hawaii?
Around five hours and 37 minutes
How many air miles is it from Seattle to Honolulu?
The total straight line flight distance from Seattle, WA to Honolulu, HI is 2,680 miles. This is equivalent to 4 313 kilometers or 2,329 nautical miles.
Which Hawaiian island is closest to Seattle?
Seattle is a whopping 2,665 miles from Hawaii Island, and 2,704 miles to the more distant island of Kauai. Getting between Seattle and Hawaii is an over-water journey so you won't find options to take a car, bus or train, but you will find plenty of flights and cruises.
What airlines fly nonstop from Seattle to Hawaii?
If you would like to travel to Honolulu, Delta Airlines, Hawaiian Airlines, and Alaska Airlines all offer nonstop flights.
How long is a cruise from Seattle to Hawaii?
Fall Cruise From Seattle to Hawaii 2022. The next offering on AAA's list of cruises from Seattle to Hawaii is a 15-day cruise by Princess Cruises. This autumn cruise will help you avoid the heat of Hawaiian spring and summer, giving you cooler weather for shore excursions and less humidity.
Is it worth getting a balcony on a cruise?
Fresh air. For me, this is the big reason to get a balcony cabin. At any time of the day — or night — you can slide open your balcony door and breathe in the fresh ocean air. You'll also be able to hear the sounds of the waves as they crash against the bow of your ship.
How do I get from Seattle to Hawaii without flying?
Via a serendipitous sea/rail connection that occurs several times a year. Each spring and fall, this route gives travelers the opportunity to visit Hawaii's four major islands for 12 days, enjoy nine days at sea, and take a two-day train trip along the Pacific Coast — all without ever once visiting an airport.
Does Amtrak train go to Hawaii?
Amtrak Enters the Hawai'ian Market.
What is the best month to sail to Hawaii?
The best time to sail to Hawaii is around June. The temperatures are comfortable in early summer, and the hurricane season still hasn't really started yet. In July you can encounter hurricanes. In April the southerly part of the trip can be quite cold.
What is the best time to go on a cruise to Hawaii?
Shoulder season or off-season for Hawaii cruises takes place between May and June, and again in September through mid-December. If you want to enjoy an affordable Hawaiian vacation with glorious weather, the shoulder season is the best time of year to sail to Hawaii.
How much would a cruise to Hawaii cost?
While prices for Hawaiian cruises vary depending on the cruise line, on a typical 14-day sailing, you can expect to pay between $1,200 and $4,500 (and up), which breaks down to around $85 to $321 per day.
How long is a cruise from California to Hawaii?
While there are several cruise lines that make calls in Hawaii, most sailings embark from Los Angeles/Long Beach, San Francisco, or Vancouver, and the sea journey to and from the islands takes a total of 8-9 days.
Where do Hawaii cruises depart from?
Leave from Honolulu on the Hawaiian Island of Oahu and cruise the other Hawaiian Islands. Norwegian Cruise Line offers a seven day, round trip adventure that leaves from Honolulu and docks in Kahului, Maui; Nawiliwili, Kauai; and both Hilo and Kona on the Big Island.
Is Uber available in Hawaii?
If you're wondering "is there Uber and Lyft in Hawaii?" the answer is yes.
Why don't you rent a car in Maui?
Demand for rental cars on Maui is slowing down after a shortage of vehicles sent prices soaring when more tourists returned amid the pandemic
4, 2021, at 3:34 p | <urn:uuid:114aab89-0449-470b-9c1f-b6d2e57ec7a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://trendingsimple.com/hawaii/many-air-miles-seattle-maui/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.932693 | 946 | 1.570313 | 2 |
On 26 August Ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko met his Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putin, in the Belarussian capital of Minsk, during an EU-Ukraine-Eurasian Union summit, reports Den. After the meeting, the first direct talks on the crisis in his country, Poroshenko said that "a roadmap will be prepared in order to achieve, as soon as possible, a ceasefire regime which absolutely must be bilateral in character". Putin said Russia would support a dialogue with pro-Russian separatists but stopping the fighting was a matter for Ukraine itself.
EU’s High Representative for External Affairs Catherine Ashton called for a ceasefire “linked to the proper management of borders” and the ensurance that humanitarian aid would reach people “in the proper manner in full line with international law”.
According to the Kiev daily —
the question now is wether Putin is ready to get out of this situation with dignity and without losing face. However, his statements in Minsk on the crisis in Eastern Ukraine and about the threats the implementation of the association agreement between the EU and Ukraine would bring to the Russian market do not go in that direction. It seems that the Russian leader is still living in his reality, his Novorossiya [new Russia] and imaginary threats from the EU and NATO.
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Russia’s attack on Ukraine: Kateryna Mishchenko in conversation with Sergey Lebedev
Two weeks after the launch of Russia’s massive attack on Ukraine, Ukrainian writer Kateryna Mishchenko – who had to flee Kyiv – shared her thoughts with our readers and with Sergey Lebedev, a veteran Putin opponent.Go to the event > | <urn:uuid:fb683071-ac96-4cc8-b4f6-33f1de6e52c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://voxeurop.eu/en/meeting-with-putins-reality/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.959129 | 435 | 1.78125 | 2 |
A key focus of my blog is Financial Literacy/Money. The greatest investment, many people will ever make is their home. Once you’ve made the purchase, transforming it into the optimal space for you is a key for your wanting to stay there long-term. The following contributed post discusses this and is entitled, House Proud: Finding Ways To Love Your Home.
* * *
With the price and scarcity of modern homes, most people don’t feel like they get the chance to live somewhere which they will love. Being forced to make compromises based on money or space, people are left looking at their home as if it is a simple tool, and this couldn’t be further from the truth. To help you out with this, this post will be exploring some of the work which can go into giving yourself a greater love for your home. With all of this in mind, anyone should be able to adapt their space into something which works better for them, even when you have a complicated lifestyle.
What Do You Do?
As you start this journey, one of the first things you will need to explore will be the hobbies and interests which you like to invest your free time into. These parts of your life are some of the most important to you, and it makes sense that your home should reflect this, with companies like SATP being able to push you towards creating a place which enables you to throw yourself into your hobbies. For example, if you really like to fish, you could look for a place which has a river on the property. This will give you the chance to spend far more time doing something you love.
How Does It Look?
Function isn’t everything when you’re trying to improve your home, and style plays a big role on the way that people feel about spaces like this. Instagram is a great place to go when you’re looking for inspiration for areas like this. Millions of people post each day, and this means that there are loads of photos to go through all the time. While changing the colour of your walls will be a little bit awkward, the work itself won’t be too hard, making it worth putting some time into doing some decorating for yourself. It will make you feel very proud inviting people into a home which you really like.
Of course, in reality, a large part of the way that a lot of people will feel about the spaces they visit will be based on their memories. When you’ve spent loads of time with your family at home, it will be easy to feel calm their, and you will constantly be reminded of the time you’ve spent together. This area is the easiest of them all, with friends and family being the perfect tools when you’re trying to build some positive memories. A camera can be helpful with this, but it will be important to make sure that you don’t miss out on real memories as a result.
With all of this in mind, you should be feeling ready to take on the challenge of making your home into something you can love. There are always loads of routes which can be taken with work like this, though a lot of people will ignore them, simply accepting their space for what it is. | <urn:uuid:cda32a44-9e96-44c6-a01d-251786e5e47e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bigwordsarepowerful.com/2019/02/house-proud-finding-ways-to-love-your-home/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.966184 | 673 | 1.546875 | 2 |
What information exchanged between Master and Pilot?
14 Dec '18, 03:10
Periodic checks on equipment should be carried out as per the BPG checklists and any defects reported to the Master. Defects should also be recorded in the log book and as appropriate identified on the Pilot Card. The Pilot and the Master should exchange information regarding the Pilot's intentions, the ship's characteristics and operational factors as soon as practicable after the Pilot has boarded the ship. The exchange should cover.
The pilotage plan and the circumstances when deviation from the plan may be required. Any amendments to the plan should be agreed, and any changes in individual Bridge Team responsibilities made, before pilotage commences; Ship's dimensions and maneuvering information should be provided in the form of the Wheelhouse Poster. A maneuvering booklet containing more detailed information should also be available on the bridge; ECDIS unit along with relevant alarm settings NP232 12.23 Information on berthing arrangements including the use, characteristics and number of tugs, mooring boats, mooring arrangements and other external facilities. All defects that might affect the maneuverability of the vessel or the pilotage should be reported to the Pilot.
14 Dec '18, 03:12 | <urn:uuid:84f53963-bacc-4b73-8c71-41655e64bb6d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://marineprohelp.com/questions/19670/master-pilot-exchange | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.931268 | 253 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Sister St. Bernard Donnelly, MM
Born: September 21, 1887
Entered: October 15, 1927
Died: January 26, 1970
News of Sister Mary St. Bernard’s death at Bethany on January 26 will come as a surprise to Sisters who had not heard of her hospital sojourn and failing strength in the past month. Sister’s death came without warning. She had received the Sacrament of the sick on January 2nd, and was well prepared in mind and soul.
Sister Mary St. Bernard (Margaret Donnelly) was born in Chicago on September 21, 1887. Sister held a degree of Bachelor of Philosophy from Loyola University and received teacher training at Chicago Teachers’ College. She became interested in religious life and the missions during her fifteen years of teaching in the Chicago schools, and her joy and gratitude on being accepted by Maryknoll for entrance on October 15, 1927, were great. At that time she wrote to Mother Mary Joseph, “I feel like an old house with a new coat of stucco. The interior decorations, dear Mother, I turn over to you, so that when the day comes on which I am to go home, we may have a soul to present to the dear Master, which may cause Him perhaps a tiny smile of pleasure.”
Sister was professed on April 30, 1930, and about this time was awarded a Master of Arts degree at Mt. St. Mary’s College, Emmitsburg, Maryland. Her mission assignments took her to Los Angeles, Hawaii and then to Hong Kong, where her apostolate of teaching for ten years came to an end with internment during World War II. In August 1942 she was repatriated and returned to the Motherhouse, where she became a member of the faculty of Maryknoll Teachers College, and in this position, guided Maryknoll Sister-teachers for twenty years.
Sister accepted her problems of health with grace and courage.
We think of Sister St. Bernard as one whose life expressed a deep gratitude to God and to everyone with whom she came in contact. She felt that the Gloria of the Mass, prayed daily, expressed her gracious thanks to God for His goodness.
The Mass of the Resurrection, for Sister, will be celebrated at 2:00 p.m. Wednesday, January 28. Sister will be remembered prayerfully by all of her Sisters who knew her and loved her. | <urn:uuid:60607e8a-4aa3-458e-89c7-06e4027fc7ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://maryknollmissionarchives.org/deceased-sisters/sister-st-bernard-donnelly-mm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.985349 | 507 | 1.992188 | 2 |
MDLAB aims to advance digital and media literacy education in the Arab region by training a generation of teachers and scholars and developing locally rooted curricula. The 2013 academy was the start of this initiative. So far, MDLAB has succeeded in introducing media and digital literacy to 40 Arab universities and schools in 12 Arab countries.
MDLAB offers graduate students and academics a unique opportunity to study media and digital literacy with leading Arab and international experts during two summer weeks. The academy works year-round to further develop curricula and publish them online in an open source environment. Additionally, MDLAB acts as an incubator of innovative ideas and a hub for a network of regional universities and media educators. Topics covered this year include: media literacy and human rights; media literacy’s role in the Arab region; news coverage of human rights violations; the power of images; propaganda in video and film; media and business influences; Arab media ownership patterns; media portrayal of marginalized communities; media and religion, sectarian hate speech and free speech; media, gender, sexuality and body image; the internet and privacy threats; and violence in video games and many more.
Other topics include a host of digital media skills, such as blogging, podcasting, audio and photo editing, comparative news analysis, social network analysis, and data visualization.
For more details, please visit: mdlab.lau.edu.lb
This years academy took place at the Lebanese American University May 18th – 28th 2022.
Click here to access all student’s projects and lectures at MDLAB. | <urn:uuid:43213f3a-8485-4b31-83c0-47dbb869c357> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.areacore.org/what-is-mdlab/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.926769 | 317 | 2.109375 | 2 |
28 April 2006
Secretary-General Heartened by Positive Developments in Nepal
NEW YORK, 27 April (UN Headquarters) -- The following statement was issued today by the Spokesman for UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan:
The Secretary- General is heartened by the recent positive developments in Nepal. He considers the royal proclamation of 24 April reinstating Parliament as a positive step that opens the door for a political process to end the decade-old conflict and address its underlying causes on the basis of wishes of the Nepali people.
The Secretary-General also welcomes the announcement by the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) of a three-month ceasefire as a step that will further ease the suffering of ordinary Nepalese and foster confidence between the soon-to-be-formed Government and the Maoists. He trusts that the ceasefire will be reciprocated and that both sides will continue to exercise restraint and wisdom in managing what will be a complex democratic transition through patient dialogue.
* *** * | <urn:uuid:f628b546-151f-4bc3-871d-f2222daab467> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://unis.unvienna.org/unis/en/pressrels/2006/sgsm10435.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.954844 | 215 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Last week we had a Summit for the Distinguished Real Estate Instructors in St. Louis, Mo. In attendance were the most outstanding real estate educators across the county; from Florida to Canada, Maine to California and all states between. One of the topics discussed was judicial rulings and legal discussions concerning the legalities surrounding the use of e-signature programs. It appears that this is a much larger issue than I initially thought.
Since my mission is to educate, train and protect real estate agents while at the same time protecting the consumer’s best interest, I feel it necessary to make everyone aware that e-signatures are being debated nationally in legal circles. I neither advocate for nor against the use of any e-signature program. I am confident that the programs themselves are very valuable and useful. I will simply bring it to the attention of all concerned so you may investigate for yourself what is best for you.
To be totally fair about the use of such programs I think we should evaluate the advantages and disadvantages. With the invent and wide use of fax machines and copiers with scanning abilities, which made the presentation of documents faster, with much less effort. This new technology made our jobs easier but it also has fault. I can’t explain how or why but documents are reduced in size, which distorts a document making it illegible. I think it has something to do with everyone having different types of equipment but the fact remains that some documents are so badly blurred they can’t be read by anyone.
Someone had an innovative idea to develop a program whereby documents can be viewed and changed by a number of people without having to transmit the document. Thus the birth of various programs such as e-Signature, DocuSign, EchoSign, Dotloop and I’m sure there are others I don’t know about. By setting certain parameters, the author of the document can limit who can access the document and what changes are allowed to be made within the document. From the onset it appears to be the greatest thing since sliced bread. Its use is quick, easy and eliminates many problems; especially with getting contractual agreements presented and signed.
The developer of such programs confronts all issues for making the program work without glitches and they generalize the program so it will be adaptable to many different type businesses in various industries. Many businesses quickly incorporated their use into their personal day-to-day business activities. Real estate agencies across the country began using the programs and fell in love with them. Consumers are quickly adapting to their use as well.
So far we have reviewed the advantages of e-signature programs but are there disadvantages we should consider? Some attorney’s think so and some judges have ruled against their use. Some e-signatures (Internet signatures) are acceptable and some are questionable. For example; If you and I were negotiating the sale of something by sending emails back and forth, when we sign the email, it is considered an acceptable e-signature. These signatures have been upheld in court. Where the unacceptable e-signature comes into questions is with the signing of a contract. If I were acting as your real estate agent, selling your house and I delivered an offer via one of the e-signature programs, the legal concerns seem to surround if you were thoroughly explained the contents of the offer or you simply thought you understood what was being offered and you signed the contract making it a legal, enforceable agreement in a court of law. FYI, real estate laws require a Realtor® to disclose everything they know about a property to someone they have a fiduciary relationship with.
One might think this is making a big deal out of nothing but I was taught that an “ounce of cure is worth a pound of prevention.” I can clearly see both advantages and disadvantages but the thing we must take into consideration is what if a major issue presents itself that ends up in court. What will the judge base his/her decision on? We will be held accountable for our own actions and we won’t be excused because someone told us it’s permissible to use an e-signature program.
Personally I see a whole lot of good that these programs can provide but I can also see why the legal profession is questioning their use with real estate sale contracts. At some point there will be a Supreme Court case that will determine the future use of e-signatures in sales contracts. We have to ask ourselves if we want to be a part of the case that everyone refers too. I suggest you do your own research and decide what is in your best interest.
Should you have specific questions concerning various issues, please let me know and I’ll research the answer for you. I also want to encourage you to subscribe to our “News & Updates” weekly report so you can stay abreast of issues that might affect you when buying or selling real estate. If you haven’t visited my website, please go to www.AlabamaRealEstateInstitute.com and view previous articles. | <urn:uuid:01e5e230-58c2-45ae-87ff-bfe9105d408e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://alabamarealestateinstitute.com/esignatures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965695 | 1,039 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Comprehensive development environment for enterprises, which meets the requirements of the most demanding programming teams, allowing streamlined coding, compiling and deployment
|Version||2022 17.2.4 / 2022.17.3 Preview 3 / 2019 6.11.17|
|Updated||July 13 2022|
Microsoft N/A N/A
|Original File Size||1.6 MB|
|Systems||Windows 7, Windows 7 64 bit, Windows 8, Windows 8 64 bit, Windows Server 2012, Windows 10, Windows 10 64 bit, Windows Server 2016|
Visual Studio Entҽrprisҽ is thҽ most comprҽhҽnsivҽ ҽdition Microsoft offҽrs, dҽlivҽring much morҽ than thҽ individual dҽvҽlopҽr nҽҽds. It addrҽssҽs thҽ commҽrcial ҽnvironmҽnt, providing thҽ tools, sҽrvicҽs and options rҽquirҽd to worқ on complҽx, high-scalҽ projҽcts.
Ҭhҽ Entҽrprisҽ ҽdition of Visual Studio was born with thҽ launch of thҽ 2015 ҽdition of thҽ popular dҽvҽlopmҽnt IDE, bҽcoming part of thҽ highҽst tiҽr availablҽ for download and purchasҽ. It ҽnclosҽs both thҽ Ultimatҽ and thҽ Prҽmium ҽditions, which will bҽ no longҽr dҽvҽlopҽd sҽparatҽly.
Ҭhҽ IDE includҽs thҽ popular ҽditor with syntax highlighting, booқmarқing, and a rich toolbox that allows quicқ sҽarching, class viҽwing and codҽ browsing. Furthҽrmorҽ, thanқs to thҽ IntҽlliSҽnsҽ tҽchnology, dҽvҽlopҽrs bҽnҽfit from contҽxt-awarҽ hҽlp, codҽ complҽtion and quicқ snippҽt insҽrtion, all to savҽ timҽ.
Ҭhҽ Entҽrprisҽ ҽdition focusҽs on tҽamworқ and a strҽamlinҽd worқflow that can rҽducҽ thҽ coding and dҽploymҽnt timҽ. Coopҽration bҽtwҽҽn tҽam mҽmbҽrs is ҽncouragҽd through thҽ usҽ of thҽ VS Ҭҽam Sҽrvicҽs, hҽlping ҽvҽn largҽ tҽams to bҽcomҽ ҽfficiҽnt and productivҽ, and mҽҽt thҽir dҽadlinҽs.
It also comҽs with advancҽd coding, monitoring, dҽbugging, profiling, and tҽsting tools (unit tҽsting, load tҽsting, and so on), which worқ togҽthҽr to allow dҽvҽlopmҽnt tҽams to ship high-quality rҽsults. Ҭhҽ availablҽ options and fҽaturҽs ҽnablҽ usҽrs to codҽ fastҽr, managҽ dҽpҽndҽnciҽs with ҽasҽ, handlҽ largҽ datasҽts, diagnosҽ and find solutions to thҽ issuҽs that might occur in duҽ timҽ. Furthҽrmorҽ, thҽ Entҽrprisҽ ҽdition fҽaturҽs DҽvOps support, allowing automatic dҽploymҽnt and offҽring a morҽ dҽtailҽd insight of thҽ projҽct.
As its namҽ impliҽs and its gҽnҽrous fҽaturҽ sҽt provҽs, Visual Studio Entҽrprisҽ is not dҽsignҽd for thҽ non-ҽntҽrprisҽ customҽr. It is ablҽ to handlҽ any projҽct, no mattҽr its sizҽ and complҽxity, and can bҽ usҽd with largҽ datasҽts, which is usually thҽ casҽ at this lҽvҽl.
Usҽrs gҽt a fҽaturҽ-rich IDE for crҽating thҽir app or intҽrfacҽ, accompaniҽd by a gҽnҽrous sҽt of tools that hҽlps thҽm maқҽ surҽ thҽir projҽcts mҽҽt thҽ customҽr’s ҽxpҽctations and quality standards.
thanks for the patch for Microsoft Visual Studio Enterprise
muito obrigado pela serial do Microsoft Visual Studio Enterprise
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Trade minister says to expect more of this sanctions-busting stuff starting in September
If you're looking for free speech or privacy, move along
Sponsored Feature AWS continues to innovate upon Multi-AZ deployments
Campaign group Dawn Project results calculated from small sample size, test done without hands on the wheel
Sponsored Post Are you ready? Here's how to find out
Running Windows apps on your M1 Mac just got a bit more expensive
Many sources become one | <urn:uuid:dda77b65-eb36-42cb-b022-e8f73c036633> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hardcracked.com/program/microsoft-visual-studio-enterprise/85233 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.79863 | 1,663 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Determine whether you are eligible for student financial assistance, then find out how to apply for and receive your student loan. Is your school designated? Find out about school designation and research student loan default rates. Determine your eligibility. Before you apply for a loan, you need to make sure you're eligible. How to apply for a loan. Find out how to apply for a loan as a full-time or part-time student. Receive your funding. Find out what happens when you're approved for funding and how to receive your money. Appeal your assessment. Find out what to do if you don't agree with your application assessment. Deal with an overaward. Find out what to do if you receive too much financial assistance. | <urn:uuid:6c4ba9d7-ae61-4c02-a19a-885a3d702546> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://studentaidbc.ca/apply | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.966236 | 150 | 1.71875 | 2 |
This is the orientation part of the Business Analyst Course to gain insight and a greater understanding of the role and the environment of the Business Analyst.
What Will You Learn?
- The role of the Business Analyst
- The Business Analyst Environment
Business Analyst B1.4
Part 1 – Flows within a Function – Pre, Basic, Sub, Alternate, Exception, Post14:34
Part 2 – Use Case attributes & Flows16:07
Part 3 – Relationship between Flows and Patterns14:04
Part 4 – Revision and Assignment08:23 | <urn:uuid:eb6ce133-acc9-4fd9-95e1-09b76da923d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bavarsity.co.za/courses/business-analyst-b1-4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.740554 | 129 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Part 2. The prophet’s love story doesn’t jump to “happily ever after”. As children were born to them, God used their names to proclaim difficult messages to Israel. But these messages also affected his bride, who eventually gave up and run away from true love. Both Gomer and Israel fell into the traps of Satan, traps we can avoid and protect ourselves from running from the love of God.
The Bible is more than a bunch of stories gathered over time. It is a historical record of people from the beginning of time to the end of the first century or so. It talks about how people related with God and how He intervened in their lives. There are success stories and there are failures.
At times we pick up the Scriptures and wonder if the stories of lives that are thousands of years removed from our own will be able to speak to us. If only we could see how God relates to us in our time, with our problems. Maybe we can finally believe that He is real and that He wants to be part of our lives. | <urn:uuid:091f00e5-ea17-4379-a408-10df5cc40453> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chrismackinnon.com/tag/marriage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.976456 | 221 | 1.875 | 2 |
As seen in Martin’s recent museum show, Someday We Can, at the Albright Knox Gallery in Buffalo, New York, she has developed power in simple linework. In what often appears to be one continuous line, and often “performed” in front of an audience or museum-goers, becomes a metaphor for the continuous and often unseen connections that people share in their everyday lives. And in this, it makes sense that Martin sees her work as developing new connections between philosophy and technology. It is also clear that her idea that art is more than an object of admiration disconnected from the process of its inception connects to her ability to make her work a site-specific performative action. Allowing the viewer to interact with the work in real-time, to see ideas develop and evolve. This simple act of allowing the viewer in, makes Martin’s recurring question, “Who Are You?”, resonate even stronger. “Asking that question, we, as creative people, are able to explore that a little bit more than perhaps other people by self exploration, or by creating art, or by doing something spontaneously,” Martin said in a recent interview.
“A little bit of my goal by doing what I do quite naturally is to find the word and the vocabulary of who we are at the core, as people. We can describe what we do, where we’re from, the roles we play: teachers, mothers, fathers, cousins, sons, daughters. When answering the question, ‘Please tell me who you are,’ without providing any of those things—it’s baffling to me every time. As traveled, educated, amazing human beings, we don’t really have that vocabulary to describe who we are at the core, and that troubles me a little bit. Exploring these words within my work, maybe I can start to find out what some of these words, vocabulary or phrases are. “The title of the show, "Charge Your Self" is about taking time for yourself,” Shantell continues, “and about making sure that the input has good intentions, that you’re doing what you love, and how what you do will give you energy.” | <urn:uuid:38f907cb-b421-4289-a5ac-27e9ea2430e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shantellmartin.art/work/charge-yourself/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.973277 | 466 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Karachi’s journey from ‘Paris of Asia’ to ‘Pakistan’s dirtiest city’
By Muhammad Abbas Khaskheli
Karachi’s journey from ‘Paris of Asia’ to ‘Pakistan’s dirtiest city’. Once upon a time, Karachi was considered as the cleanest city of Asia. It’s all main roads including famous Bandar Road were washed with water on daily basis. Amazingly, the city was called the Paris of Asia. In 1840, when British government took control of the city, its population used to be only 20,000, which was comprised on the people dwelling in Liyari and Manora areas only. Talpur dynasty also couldn’t pay heed the core issues of the city i.e. cleanliness and waste management during their tenure of governance. Britishers, pioneered new areas in the city for residential and commercial purposes and resultantly the population of the city had reached more or less 100,000 in year 1890. They too turned the blind eye to the cleanliness of the city hence the consequences appeared were very deplorable. Tons of garbage was being found in the streets, along roadsides and most importantly along the waterfront of the city.
In this way, at the end of the century the city was treated like an orphan and kept becoming filthiest day by day. In 1896, a cargo ship from Calcutta city anchored/reached at Karachi port which according to that time’s media might had brought plague affected rats because Calcutta was suffering seriously owing to plague disease during those days. Those rats found the garbage dumps of the city suitable place for their sustenance and started spreading the plague virus in the city.
In no time, the plague virus had reached up to the every corner of the city and started affecting the people. Thousands of people were become infectious in plague. People in huge numbers were dying on daily basis during that ruthless episode of plague infection. Government had to import doctors from other areas in order to control the further spreading of the virus. Plague infected people were gathered at one place and almost whole the city was cordoned off. Unfortunately, it wasn’t the era of great writer Albert Camus otherwise he surely would have written a great novel on plague affected people of Karachi. In order to cover the reckless happening in the city and keeping the virus away from further spreading to other parts of the country, the British government made planning for a massive cleanliness drive throughout the city.
After Indo-Pak partition, till 1960 the same system of cleanliness remained functional in the city. As the capital shifted from Karachi to Islamabad, rise of Anti Ayub movement and the worst sociopolitical situation in the country badly affected the system of governance in Karachi.
Historically the year 1972 has been called the beginning of the second period when the city started facing serious cleanliness crises. Everywhere garbage dumps were being seen throughout the city. Stanley Wolpert in his book ‘Zulfi Bhutto of Pakistan’ writes that he wrote a letter to that time’s Chief Minister of Sindh Mumtaz Ali Bhutto in which he requested CM Sindh to pay serious attention on the cleanliness of the city and he wishes to see Karachi as the Paris of Asia once again. Unfortunately his wish couldn’t be fulfilled and the system remained as it was going on. Then in 2002 during Musharraf’s regime, a lot of funds were issued to the city government for the cleanliness and beautification of the mega city but it couldn’t get same previous prodigiousness and prominence.
Present cleanliness crisis of Karachi can be called the third period of crisis in the history. MQM-P has been representing the city in both provincial and national assemblies for a long time. Moreover, the party is currently authoritative and holding the charge of the city government. Same way, PPP has been governing the province for consecutive more than 10 years but instead of making the city clean and livable both the parties have been found unrelated regarding the basic issues of Pakistan’s only metropolitan.
Some time ago, in a report it was stated that due to throwing away the garbage in the Arabian Sea continuously and having filthy harbor, the sea life along Karachi’s harbor is facing a great set back. While it was also stated in the same report that the pollution in the city is affecting the lives of Karachiites badly. Numerous diseases have been spread out all over the city. Media has been continuously highlighting the cleanliness crisis of the city but no one from the city, provincial or federal governments have heard such cries. It looks local government’s system regarding cleaning the city has gone fail completely to solve the issue.
Although after numerous complaints and media reports, some time ago the local city government contracted two Chinese companies regarding carrying out cleanliness drive in Karachi. Both the companies had sent their machinery and vehicles/dumpers to pick and dump the garbage dumps present on the road and in the streets of the city and in many areas they started the work too but when one looks at the seriousness of the issue, he/she calls the steps of the government ‘invisible’ because the situation is almost same as it has been for years.
It’s time to understand that cleanliness is not the issue to be solved once instead it’s a continuous practice and it can be considered as the government’s as well as citizens’ prime responsibility to keep their city clean and attractive. Karachi is measured as the city of well educated and well mannered people but when we look at the cleanliness of the city it never gives the impression of the city which belongs to well educated and well mannered people.
Karachi surely needs a sustainable mechanism of cleanliness which can timely fix the issues. Karachiites also need to play their role and it should be their responsibility to clean houses as well as streets and Mohallas they live in. It’s a joint duty of both government and people otherwise government solely can never solve this mega issue of the mega city. | <urn:uuid:a4ec3a0c-01e9-4500-80d6-6aef35364ce7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://realblognow.com/2020/02/27/karachis-journey-from-paris-of-asia-to-pakistans-dirtiest-city-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.980663 | 1,256 | 2.390625 | 2 |
I’ve been taking some time to read (memoirs like Home Grown. Adventures in Parenting off the Beaten Path, Unschooling, and Reconnecting with the Natural World by Ben Hewitt. and Glitter and Glue by Kelly Corrigan, cookbooks like Gwyneth Paltrow’s, It’s All Good, and Jenny Rosenstrach’s Dinner the Playbook. And another book, which defies easy description, entitled, A Hidden Wholeness. The Journey Toward An Undivided Life by Parker J. Palmer, which I hope to write more about soon. I wholeheartedly recommend all of these (fyi: I don’t have an affiliate link with amazon, I just think these books are good reads :))
I’m also taking a course through the online university known as edx.org, which you can learn more about here. It is an open source platform available to everyone and there are courses in any subject you can think of. The course I’m taking is titled, Becoming a Resilient Person: The Science of Stress Management and Promoting Well-Being. This brings me to the real subject matter of this post: exploring our values in order to determine whether we’re on track with what matters most to us. And for clarity, our values are principles that we hold dear in life, or what we consider to be important in life. For example, some people really value strong family ties, or telling the truth, or creativity, or learning about other cultures, or being a life-long learner, or being connected to the natural world, etc.
Here’s what I learned in Lesson 2. Firstly, that we need to accept stress as being a part of life and that it’s never going to go away. We need to acknowledge it and let it be there, all the while staying focused on what matters most to us. Secondly, we keep ourselves focused on what matters most by understanding our values and living our lives from those values. If we do this, we will know that we are on track and living the life we are hoping for. Sounds simple enough! 😉
I also want to share the exercise we are doing called, The Bull’s Eye Exercise. The first part of this exercise is to Identify Your Values in the following four domains of your life: Work/Education, Leisure/Recreation (Your Time), Relationships (Family and Friends) and Personal Growth/Health. Get out a sheet of paper and for each of these areas answer the following questions:
What would you value if there were nothing in your way, nothing stopping you? What’s important to you? What do you care about? What would you like to work towards? Reflect on the way you would like your life to go over time, not on a specific goal.
The exercise then has you plot on a bull’s eye drawing, which has been divided into four quadrants, each representing an area of your life (as noted above), an X where you think you are in each of these areas. In other words, how close to the centre or bull’s eye are you in each area of your life?
So, in each of the four areas of your life you can determine, by where you place the X, whether you are living fully by your values in that particular domain or whether you’ve lost touch with your values in that domain.
The next steps are exploring the obstacles to living the life you would like, based on the values you expressed, and then coming up with an action plan for what you can do in your daily life that will let you know that you are making progress in each area of your life. The exercise states, “these actions could be small steps toward a particular goal, or they could just be actions that reflect what you want to be about as a person. Usually taking a valued step includes being willing to encounter the obstacle(s) you identified and taking action anyway. Try to identify at least one value based action you are willing to take during this coming week, in each of the four domains.”
I haven’t completed the exercise yet, but exploring my values is a very helpful process because it helps me figure out how I should be spending my time. Lately, I’ve felt somewhat aimless and unproductive (even though I’m still doing all the stuff required to care for two kids, a husband, a dog and a house!). This exercise is helping me to pick up the thread of my life and to shine a light in the direction I need to go, in order to live my life on purpose. I hope it helps you too. | <urn:uuid:9c552ae9-f2db-4315-aeb5-12f2f320a4c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://andsoitbeginsdotnet.wordpress.com/2015/06/25/what-matters-most-an-exercise-to-determine-your-values/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.954525 | 988 | 1.664063 | 2 |
The National Smallholder Farmers Association of Malawi (Nasfam) has called on the government to set up stable and structured markets for various agriculture commodities if the idea of commercialising the sector is to be attained.
The association says accessing cheaper fertiliser alone would not yield the desired fruit if farmers would still grapple with access to markets of their farm produce.
Minister of Finance, Felix Mlusu, announced in his provisional budget that smallholder farmers estimated at 3.5 million will buy two bags of fertilizer at K4, 495 each.
Nasfam Chief Executive Officer, Betty Chinyamunyamu, said the programme may lead to an increase in output and government needs to start thinking on how to manage excess produce.
“There will be need to look at exporting to other countries but the focus should be value addition instead of just exporting raw maize, we should be looking at producing and exporting value added products such maize flour, animal feed, corn flakes, corn starch and others,” Chinyamunyamu said.
In a separate interview, agricultural expert, Tamani Nkhono Mvula said that if focus is improving the agriculture sector then more must be done.
“If we are talking about transformation of the sector then we need to come up with a different design of the programme which must also target those in the upper categories like the medium and large scale farmers and the form of the subsidy should be different,” Mvula said.
Experts have been arguing that the farm input subsidy programme has failed to transform the country’s agriculture sector.
Justin Mkweu is a fast growing reporter who currently works with Times Group on the business desk.
He is however flexible as he also writes about current affairs and national issues. | <urn:uuid:b30d7798-7559-47d5-8f14-bd1524bbf578> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://times.mw/farmers-cry-for-stable-markets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.946016 | 367 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Flying without Fear: Effective Strategies to Get You Where You Need to Go
Paperback | 184 pages
150 x 226 x 12.7mm | 249g
1 Oct 2009
New Harbinger Publications
It starts with an innocent, altogether reasonable worry: What if the plane has a mechanical defect? What if I have a panic attack? Then the anxious thoughts multiply. You may know that these fears are irrational, but that doesn’t slow them down. And before you know it, the risks of flying seem so great, you can’t even think about getting on a plane.
It’s easy to keep aerophobia at bay for years by simply avoiding air travel. But amid all the lost vacations, missed opportunities for business travel, and rare visits to far-flung loved ones, you may decide it’s time to put away your fear of flying for good. Flying without Fear is an essential guidebook for the millions of people who have made that decision. Based on cognitive behavioral therapy, the program in this book will prepare you for every sight, sound, and sensation you will experience in the airport and airplane. This fully revised and updated edition also includes new information about terrorism concerns and airport security measures adopted after 9/11.
Practice the anxiety-stopping strategies in this book before you board the plane Take this carry-on package of tips & techniques with you when you go Fly anywhere with confidence and composure
ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
Duane Brown, Ph.D., is a professor emeritus at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, where he taught for twenty-five years. Now retired from private practice, Brown has published twenty-five books and more than one hundred articles and book chapters in the field of counseling and psychotherapy | <urn:uuid:7ecfbe0f-81d0-4b8a-afc4-2aca91064da9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thefearofflying.com/books/flying-without-fear-effective-strategies-get-need-go/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.924674 | 395 | 1.59375 | 2 |
What is Locator Safety & Appreciation Week?
Locator Safety & Appreciation Week (LSAW) was established in 2014 by Infrastructure Resources. The goal of LSAW is to bring awareness to and celebrate the critical role utility locate technicians play in excavation safety. Accurate marking ensures the safety of both the public and the infrastructure we all rely on. The job can be physically taxing, mentally draining, and unforgiving to even the smallest mistake. LSAW, celebrated during the last full week of April, offers us a chance to recognize the excellence and diligence locators around the world display each day, too often overlooked or taken for granted.
Plan your Locator Safety & Appreciation Week by visiting the LSAW Resources page.
How LSAW Came to Be
Join Whitney Price, Scott Landes, Michele Moe, and Ron Peterson as they walk through the inception and history of Locator Safety Week. | <urn:uuid:a072a4d7-bbfe-4758-9fdf-91a5b5f719e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.excavationsafetyalliance.com/About-LSAW | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.939054 | 188 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Most companies are “pass-through” entities, which suggests money earned by the business is reported and taxed in your personal tax return. In addition to your private tax return, certain kinds of companies (including partnerships and S-Corporations) should file additional varieties with the IRS. Your revenue is the entire amount of money your small business takes in, usually from making sales of services.
“A little Progress Each Day Adds Up To Big Results”
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— Tushar Fx (@FxTushar) May 17, 2021
In very giant corporations, main monetary choices are sometimes made by a finance committee. In small firms, the owner-manager usually conducts the monetary operations. Much of the day-to-day work of business finance is carried out by lower-level employees; their work consists of handling money receipts and disbursements, borrowing from industrial Business banks on a regular and continuing basis, and formulating cash budgets. If tracking money, organizing finances coming in and going out of an organization and dealing with numbers seems interesting, then a financial clerk career may be sooner or later.
There are currently 126 Venture Capital funding funds in Mexico, of which 104 operate primarily with cash from Mexican investors. Curriculum, relevancy of pattern programs, and outcomes will range by faculty.
- To leverage the utilization of credit effectively and legally, business house owners should first familiarize themselves with applicable legal guidelines.
- It will let you turn out to be extra conversant in the funds of your small business, but also provide you with a window into potential financial crime.
Network with finance professionals working in goal organizations or roles. Attend finance-specific career Finance events and the Business and Accounting Career Fairs every September.
What Sorts Of Reports Are Used By Accounting Firms?
Understanding the fundamentals of finance early will serve you nicely in the long run. From revenues and expenses to the way to handle cash, inventory, payroll, or venture capital, they’re all key for an excellent basis.
Academies assist college students explore their talents and use their experiences in the classroom to pick a career path they’re enthusiastic about. Yes,” mentioned James Angel, finance professor who specializes in market construction. Here we have compiled 10 strategies, together with factoring, from the tried-and-true to the experimental. Cornerstone University doesn’t discriminate on the idea of race, nationwide origin, sex, age, disability or veteran status in any of its education insurance policies and programs that it operates.
They make selections based on who you are and the way you use, not just monetary statements. Here is a list of actions you should take when organising any type of business, but particularly a finance firm. However, starting a financing business does contain laying a bit of groundwork earlier than setting off down the street to success and monetary independence. At USC, college students at all levels have alternatives to take part in analysis tasks and other artistic endeavors, and to interact with college members who are distinguished for the impression of their analysis. Opened in 2017, the USC Village is a next-level scholar living and studying advanced nestled in a community-facing retail city center. Living spaces are organized into eight residential schools, each guided by faculty-in-residence who curate an array of extracurricular packages. In this session you’ll acquire publicity to a range of approaches to offering one-on-one technical assistance to small companies.
April 20, 2021 We’ve reviewed the best collection company services for 2021. | <urn:uuid:82f57aaa-965e-45e1-930f-d8df07aea2bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ploetzlicher-kindstod.org/journal-of-business-finance-and-accounting-2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.94156 | 764 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Copyright © 2018 Albuquerque Journal
It’s been more than 50 years since NASA has created a nuclear fission reactor fit for space.
In 1965, the SNAP-10a program, a pump system designed to create electricity for a year, was launched into orbit for tests. It lasted only 43 days.
New concepts for nuclear reactors that would have the ability to generate power for long-term space missions stalled in the 1970s, according to David Poston, a scientist at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Designs hit roadblocks due to high costs or complicated mechanics.
In the most advanced testing any model has reached in four decades, scientists from LANL and NASA recently put their Kilopower reactor – a small system they say opens doors for astronaut outposts on the moon or Mars, as well as quicker, more efficient scientific missions into deep space – through its paces.
“Now that we’ve shown we can build reactors, test them and potentially fly them, a lot more exploration is coming back on the table,” said Poston, the project’s chief reactor designer.
He described Kilopower as a “huge” breakthrough for space exploration.
In May, LANL announced the success of a test run known as Kilopower Reactor Using Stirling Technology, or KRUSTY, that was conducted at the Nevada National Security Site from November to March.
The Kilopower reactor itself has been in the works for about five years, Poston said. LANL scientists have been working with NASA employees at its Glenn Research Center in Cleveland.
Kilopower generates electricity by using heat produced in the reactor’s uranium core. That heat is conducted to several pipes, or sealed tubes, full of liquid sodium. That liquid turns into vapor, which is transferred to the cold end of the heat pipes, condensed and transferred to Stirling engines that act as “power conversion systems.” The heat pressurizes gas to drive a piston coupled to a motor that generates electricity.
The team is confident Kilopower reactors could last 15 years in space.
Unlike designs such as SNAP from decades ago, which used pumps to transfer the liquid and exchange heat – taking up extra energy – Kilopower is physics-controlled, meaning the pipes transfer the heat on their own.
“The less moving parts you have, the longer it should last,” said Marc Gibson, the lead Kilopower engineer at the Glenn center. He said this and the reactor’s “simplified” system is what attracted NASA.
Kilopower can produce one kilowatt of electricity – just about enough for a toaster – with the prototype that LANL and NASA tested, and would generate up to 10 kilowatts when made to scale. Four of those large reactors would match NASA’s estimated 40 kilowatts needed to sustain a four-person outpost on Mars or the moon. Smaller-scale reactors could be used for missions to Jupiter or Pluto, where solar power wouldn’t be as effective.
According to Gibson, an energy system independent from the sun could also enable missions to permanently shadowed craters on the lunar surface. Poston said there are areas at the moon’s equator where one night is equal to 14 Earth days.
The KRUSTY tests were intended to show whether the prototype could produce electricity, but also to test Kilopower’s “dynamic performance,” or how it would perform when faced with various challenges, according to Poston. He said the team threw all sorts of tests at the reactor, including reducing or doubling its power output and simulated failures with one of its engines or heat pipes.
In all the tests, he said, Kilopower was able to self-adjust and stay at a stable temperature to prevent the core from overheating or melting.
“The dynamic performance of the reactor was better than we dreamed of,” said Poston. “The testing showed the heat pipe reactors offered predictable and robust performance.”
The one-kilowatt reactor in the KRUSTY tests was about one meter tall and half a meter in diameter, according to Gibson, who estimated a 10-kilowatt model would be three meters tall and one meter in diameter. Artist renderings of Kilopower include umbrella-like heat radiators atop the reactors.
The idea for Kilopower came from 2012 tests at LANL called Demonstration Using Flattop Fissions, or DUFF, a simpler system that used then-new heat pipe technology.
Kilopower was also designed with parts and technology that the scientists had easy access to, said Poston. He said this is why it was able to be produced and tested, unlike many predecessors.
He used a “Ferrari versus Model-T” analogy to describe the difference between NASA’s other proposed models compared with the less complicated Kilopower.
Gibson acknowledged NASA has seen “several failures” in reactor development since its SNAP reactor was sent into orbit in 1965, and much of it came down to thinking too big.
“People who were within NASA (were) trying to build really sporty, big expensive power systems on the reactor side and ultimately failed to keep a budget in the time needed to develop that and physically get it into space,” he said. “That’s probably the biggest point of why several decades of reactor development never got anywhere.”
The KRUSTY experiment cost $18 million over the past three-and-a-half years, while other nuclear power projects have reached hundreds of millions.
As for the safety of the small uranium core – about the size of a paper towel roll – Patrick McClure, LANL’s Kilopower project lead, said that before the reactor is turned on, which occurs in space, there is only a small amount of naturally occurring radioactivity coming from it.
“Until you turn it on, you can go up and touch it. You can stand right up next to it, you can be there, you can handle it. It doesn’t really hurt anyone.” Final designs of the reactor will include radiation shields to protect astronauts and electronics, Poston said.
The next steps for Kilopower are to adapt the model for space flight. Gibson said it could be sent out with a space mission within the next few years, depending on NASA’s plans.
Gibson said outside factors, such as funding and NASA officials agreeing on what missions to undertake, make it difficult to predict how far away NASA is from groundbreaking missions like long-term travel to the moon or Mars with the help of reactors like Kilopower. But he added that “technology-wise, I think we’re within this decade of being able to see that.”
Poston said he is also excited about what a successful reactor like this one could do for the larger future of humanity.
“I’m a big fan of expanding the presence of humanity in space,” Poston said. “Not only for the knowledge and the inspiration, but also as an insurance policy for the long-term survival of the human race. If you think really big-picture, this is a step toward that, because we’re going to need nuclear power if we’re going to do any sort of serious exploration or expansion into space.” | <urn:uuid:084b6499-72ed-4cc8-a883-e902bfc11c95> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.abqjournal.com/1184948/powering-an-outpost-on-mars-or-the-moon-ex-krusty-tests-show-that-a-small-reactor-could-work.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960209 | 1,554 | 3.71875 | 4 |
Tip: to find an exact phrase or title, enclose it in quotation marks.
Feminine language is in the Bible and has been used in Christian worship, which implies that any male-exclusivist position is not an authentically conservative one.
Sarah Jane Lancaster and Winifred Kiek were ministers and trailblazers in Australia in the early twentieth century.
We can only grasp the full meaning of God’s message for us—including the full equality of women and men—when we also understand the cultural-historical context of the biblical writers.
In this episode of Mutuality Matters, Angela sits down with Rev. Dr. Christy Woodbury-Moore, assistant professor of spiritual formation at Memphis Theological University.
Grace is Not Faceless focuses on Mary, mother of Jesus: her presentation in Scripture and reception throughout church history, with careful attention to the poetry of Isaiah and that of subsequent writers.
On this week’s podcast, hosts Erin and Blake give a sneak peak of CBE’s upcoming conference, “Exploring the Fullness of Galatians 3:28”, and the summer issue of Mutuality Magazine.
Christian history is full of remarkable women. Here we highlight women in the Old Testament, New Testament, and in mission since the early days of the church to the twenty-first century.
Christianity’s historical focus on diversity and inclusion has been good for girls from the start—and it still is. Kimberly will share more during her workshop at CBE's 2022 International Conference.
Sign up for our newsletter to receive our most up-to-date news, articles, and information | <urn:uuid:b35ead94-202f-4edb-87d4-63e1cde80e33> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cbeinternational.org/library?sort=field_publication_date&order=desc&search_keyword=&search_title=&search_author=&f%5B0%5D=topic%3A211&f%5B1%5D=topic%3A212&f%5B2%5D=topic%3A217&f%5B3%5D=topic%3A220&f%5B4%5D=topic%3A237 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.934825 | 344 | 2.25 | 2 |
When You Get That Dreaded Knock on the Door
“Knock Knock Knock,” It’s that sinking feeling of waking up in the middle of the night to have a police officer tell you that your child has overdosed. This is an all too familiar occurrence that many Americans are experiencing. It’s been said that now more than ever prescription drugs are leading to a higher number of fatalities in school aged children. Proper precautions are being discussed in many schools to help educate parents along with children on the severe consequences one faces when they first pick up any drug. Educating is key in helping to prevent children from picking up the drugs in the first place. Children are not being told the harsh truths of what drugs will do long term. Many parents are in a state of mind thinking that this could never happen to my child, or that their child is automatically prepared to handle a peer pressure situation that could lead to taking drugs. It’s a misconception that in most cases is costing the lives of our young Americans. Many schools are now offering parents an education class that they can learn to identify the signs of drug use in their child. They also educate parents on what the drugs may come packaged in, so that they can identify it if and when it happens.
We at Seabrook are familiar with how drug addiction is effecting our younger generation and how rapid it is in our schools. Educating our clients on addiction and recovery are proven tools to a successful recovery. Along with educating our clients we also offer family sessions that help the effected family members better understand the illness. Education has been a great and effective tool used time and time again. We just need the proper information and resources to ensure a healthier life. If you or a loved one you know is struggling with this illness please visit www.seabrook.org, see if you’re ready to take the educated step in the right direction and learn the skills you need to help you overcome your addiction. | <urn:uuid:8f7eec4b-294e-426e-a199-3d4ffd5618ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.seabrook.org/blog/when-you-get-that-dreaded-knock-on-the-door/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.967069 | 405 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Then, she discovered the Food Network. The beautiful Giada, the hilarious Paula, and the refined Ina were her cooking instructors. She was able to see food being lovingly prepared. Not watching an assembly line of one slice of Spam, one pineapple slice, one thick slice of Velveeta cheese product slapped together and thrown in the oven. That was a once a week dinner as she was growing up.
With her flavorful diction, it’s clear why she favors this meal. She describes her meal as “…the lunch on this occasion began with soles, sunk in a deep dish, over which the college cook had spread a counterpane of the whitest cream…”. Wolf continues to dreamily dictate her meal with her creative descriptors and senses, “sharp and sweet”, “thin…but not hard”, “succulent”, “flushed yellow and flushed crimson”. The way she describes her meal, this is only her lunch, shows the pleasure she has, as if a 5 star chef had made it. However, she does not speak the same of the meal she “enjoyed” at the women’s university- to say the least.
Madame Eglantine was well-educated, which was uncommon in those times, except in the noble. She learned French at the Stratford at the Brow school (line 125). She ate and acted very proper and dainty. She took great care to ensure that no food was strewn (lines 128-38). In addition, she fed her pet dogs fancy food, including fine white bread, which was nicer than what some people had to eat (lines 146-7).
When two people love each other and try to hide their love between them is a very hard thing to experience. Also most of the emotions can be passed through food based on how you do it because it spikes a memory back. In the novel Like Water for Chocolate by Laura Esquivel, magical realism was shown when Tita’s tears fell on the cake’s icing, when they served the wedding cake to the people, and how Pedro and the others reacted to the quail in rose petal sauce. First of all, magical realism is revealed when Tita was really sad because Pedro was going to marry so she started crying. For example, “Only the pan know how the boiling soup feels, but I know how you feel, so stop crying, you’re getting the meringue watery, and it won’t set up properly” (Esquivel 35).
For example both Sedaris and Swift use satire, however their satire defers in Swift use the satire towards others while Sedaris uses it to poke fun at himself. Sedaris uses the element of details to add to humor just as Swift uses details to add to his. There are differences in the humor as well such as Swifts appeal to utilitarianism opposed to Sedaris appeal to practicality. Swift and Sedaris are great writers who are similar as well as different in using humor, satire and irony in their delivery of their writing. Sedaris and Swift share multiple similarities in their writing such as the element of details to add humor.
She plied the poor little creature with everything, all the 188 sandwiches, all the bread and butter, and every time her cup was empty she filled it with tea, 189 cream and sugar. People always said sugar was so nourishing. As for herself she didn't eat; 190 she smoked and looked away tactfully so that the other should not be shy. 191 192 And really the effect of that slight meal was marvellous. When the tea-table was carried 193 away a new being, a light, frail creature with tangled hair, dark lips, deep, lighted eyes, lay 194 back in the big chair in a kind of sweet languor, looking at the blaze.
The Text states that Moliere wrote many different types of plays and they were well known for their timeless characters, which is still well known. The article also states that Wilbur’s approach to translation is informative and he often gives importance to “rhyming solutions”. I find it interesting that he argues that creating natural verse is a matter of patience, and creating rhymes that sound new. The article stated that at one point Wilbur had a fear of unintentionally overlapping verses, this shows the possibility of verses may have been more limited than it is
It’s more like, you want to read it. Because you reading about someone who’s going through what you going through and it helps a lot. But if read something that I can’t get into, then I don’t read it. It’s not interesting to me. Like Mr._________ he get these books and a lot of these words, he can’t even read that.
Even reading the work he has produced is intimidating in itself. Watching This is Water provides an interesting insight into Wallace’s character. He is very perceptive. He understands humor, strong “down to earth” analogies, and shows clear delivery in his work. While reading his work I feel that Wallace displays arrogance, but after hearing his presentation I see that he reflects a great amount of talent and intellect in the literary
I then proceeded to order our salads, hers with no cheese the way she likes it and our entrees. We both got the duck entrée being that was the only thing on the menu that I knew what it was. I then directed the wine connoisseur to approach the table and I ordered us both a glass of Barbaresco, Gaja 2001. Which I was told is very good. The dinner was magical as we ate some of the best food we had ever tasted and watched the most beautiful sunset we had ever witnessed. | <urn:uuid:86c0aa71-50ba-43a4-ab2d-781c559c75b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/Use-Characterization-Canterbury-Tales-28782.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.981995 | 1,218 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Here are three sketches of a napkin; similar but different. I drew them a year ago and hadn't paid attention to them until now. I publish a weekly sketch that accompanies a little story, and today these drawings helped me complete the short essay you're reading.
Text is more articulate, organized, and structured than speech. But the writing process isn't as clean. You shuffle words, sentences, and entire paragraphs around, deleting the chunks that don't add much and rewriting unclear parts. "Where do I stop? What should I add? Will they understand?" There's no correct answer.
The sketching process is similar. Strokes, shades, and color let you give more or less prominence to each part of a drawing. But the process is non-linear. You don't "plot" lines as a printer does but add details and darkness; it looks more like additive manufacturing processes, in which an extruder drops chunks of material from one side to the other.
We write (and sketch) to create memories and share our worldview and stories with others—with you.
I didn't plan to sketch a napkin thrice to make a point. It just happened because I wasn't happy with the first result. (They all look like popcorn!)
The finished artifact looks meticulously planned.
The process is messy.
My sketches and stories, in your inbox.
One email per week. No spam ever. | <urn:uuid:a24e2cf8-ef01-4953-b0be-6068884f75cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sketch.nono.ma/the-process-is-messy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.96263 | 292 | 1.84375 | 2 |
This multivitamin complex contains folic acid, calcium, iron, iodine, magnesium, vitamin D3 and K2 and biotin.
Women who do not get enough of these vitamins and minerals through diet alone may need to take supplements to ensure good breastmilk quality. In cases of more severe malnutrition (for example, in developing countries), both the volume and the macronutrient composition of breast milk may be affected.
WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for six months, introducing age-appropriate and safe complementary foods at six months and continuing breastfeeding for up to two years or beyond. Appropriate feeding decreases rates of stunting and obesity and stimulates intellectual development in young children. Breastfeeding prevents breast and ovarian cancer in mothers.
• Without artificial additives, like Magnesiumstearat for a better vitamin absorption of the body
• Without artificial flavour, gluten, dyes and preservatives
• 100% vegan, 0% animal-based ingredients
• In compliance with the regulations and according to the best production processes in Germany, ISO 9001, HACCP, GMP standard.
1 capsule per day | <urn:uuid:4db3fd16-0ad5-4935-aa40-d56c0a167961> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fembona.com/fembona-womensvitality-lactation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.854562 | 242 | 1.875 | 2 |
How to dispose of construction waste safely?
Construction waste is basically the unwanted materials generated from a construction project, renovation project, or due to a demolition process. In Construction waste management, it is called as C&D waste (Construction and demolition waste).
Original Article Source Credits: The Constructor , https://theconstructor.org/
Article Written By: Neenu S K
Original Article Posted on: NA
Link to Original Article: https://theconstructor.org/construction/how-dispose-construction-waste-safely/40835/ | <urn:uuid:bf18d6f3-a8e9-4b8d-83da-59206f9acd71> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cityenvironmental.ca/blogs/toronto-waste-management-company-blog/681033-how-to-dispose-of-construction-waste-safely | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.856609 | 120 | 3.140625 | 3 |
What's the difference between a purpose statement and a problem statement. I need to write both (quantitatively) in regards to mental health stigma (mental illness in general). I need to clearly define a narrowly-focused problem to be studied and show that there's a gap in the knowledge base. Please help me do so.© BrainMass Inc. brainmass.com December 24, 2021, 11:42 pm ad1c9bdddf
This is a great question, and an important to one to any researcher who is in the design stage of a study.
Basically, a problem statement is necessary in order to distinguish what exactly you are hoping to add to the existing body of knowledge in any given area. In essence, we have to remember that all research is designed to uncover something new. This does not mean that once a study is completed then nobody should ever study it again, but it does mean that the goal should be to add something new and unique to the results. This is what your professor means by a 'gap in the knowledge base'. So, a problem statement needs to clearly define exactly what problem you notice in regards to your topic. In the case of mental illness stigma, there are many different directions you could take. Let me provide you with two possible problem statements:
Example Problem Statement 1: The problem is that there is a negative stigma attached to individuals that have a mental ... | <urn:uuid:a64472f7-ec44-4bfb-8c33-fb88070e3807> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brainmass.com/sociology/research-methods/problem-statement-purpose-statement-594000 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.949038 | 317 | 2.71875 | 3 |
The WHO recently announced plans for an international pandemic treaty tied to a digital passport and digital ID system. Meeting in December 2021 in a special session for only the second time since the WHO’s founding in 1948, the Health Assembly of the WHO adopted a single decision titled, “The World Together.”
The WHO plans to finalize the treaty by 2024. It will aim to shift governing authority now reserved to sovereign states to the WHO during a pandemic by legally binding member states to the WHO’s revised International Health Regulations.
In January of 2022 the United States submitted proposed amendments to the 2005 International Health Regulations, which bind all 194 UN member states, which the WHO director general accepted and forwarded to other member states. In contrast to amendments to our own constitution, these amendments will not require a two-thirds vote of our Senate, but a simple majority of the member states.
Most of the public is wholly unaware of these changes, which will impact the national sovereignty of member states.
The proposed amendments include, among others, the following. Among the changes the WHO will no longer need to consult with the state or attempt to obtain verification from the state where a reported event of concern (e.g., a new outbreak) is allegedly occurring before taking action on the basis of such reports (Article 9.1).
In addition to the authority to make the determination of a public health emergency of international concern under Article 12, the WHO will be granted additional powers to determine a public health emergency of regional concern, as well as a category referred to as an intermediate health alert.
The relevant state no longer needs to agree with the WHO Director General’s determination that an event constitutes a public health emergency of international concern. A new Emergency Committee will be constituted at the WHO, which the Director-General will consult in lieu of the state within whose territory the public health emergency of international concern has occurred, to declare the emergency over.
The amendments will also give “regional directors” within the WHO, rather than elected representatives of the relevant states, the legal authority to declare a Public Health Emergency of Regional Concern.
Also, when an event does not meet criteria for a public health emergency of international concern but the WHO Director-General determines it requires heightened awareness and a potential international public health response, he may determine at any time to issue an “intermediate public health alert” to states and consult the WHO’s Emergency Committee. The criteria for this category are simple fiat: “the Director-General has determined it requires heightened international awareness and a potential international public health response.”
Through these amendments, the WHO, with the support of the U.S., appears to be responding to roadblocks that China erected in the early days of covid. This is a legitimate concern. But the net effect of the proposed amendments is a shift of power away from sovereign states, ours included, to unelected bureaucrats at the WHO. The thrust of every one of the changes is toward increased powers and centralized powers delegated to the WHO and away from member states.
Leslyn Lewis, a member of the Canadian parliament and lawyer with international experience, has warned that the treaty would also allow the WHO unilaterally to determine what constitutes a pandemic and declare when a pandemic is occurring. “We would end up with a one-size-fits-all approach for the entire world,” she cautioned. Under the proposed WHO plan, pandemics need not be limited to infectious diseases and could include, for example, a declared obesity crisis.
As part of this plan, the WHO has contracted German-based Deutsche Telekom subsidiary T-Systems to develop a global vaccine passport system, with plans to link every person on the planet to a QR code digital ID. “Vaccination certificates that are tamper-proof and digitally verifiable build trust. WHO is therefore supporting member states in building national and regional trust networks and verification technology,” explained Garret Mehl, head of the WHO’s Department of Digital Health and Innovation. “The WHO’s gateway service also serves as a bridge between regional systems. It can also be used as part of future vaccination campaigns and home-based records.”
This system will be universal, mandatory, trans-national, and operated by unelected bureaucrats in a captured NGO who already bungled the covid pandemic response.
About the Author
Aaron Kheriaty, former Professor of Psychiatry at the UCI School of Medicine and Director, Medical Ethics at UCI Health, is a Senior Scholar of the Brownstone Institute.
Republished from the author’s Substack.
Most “Conservative” News Outlets Are on the Big Tech Teat
Not long ago, conservative media was not beholden to anyone. Today, most sites are stuck on the Big Tech gravy train.
I’ll keep this short. The rise of Pandemic Panic Theater, massive voter fraud, and other “taboo” topics have neutered a majority of conservative news sites. You’ll notice they are very careful about what topics they tackle. Sure, they’ll attack Critical Race Theory, Antifa, and the Biden-Harris regime, but you won’t see them going after George Soros, Bill Gates, the World Economic Forum, or the Deep State, among others.
The reason is simple. They are beholden to Big Tech, and Big Tech doesn’t allow certain topics to be discussed or they’ll cut you off. Far too many conservative news outlets rely on Google, Facebook, and Twitter for the bulk of their traffic. They depend on big checks from Google ads to keep the sites running. I don’t necessarily hold it against them. We all do what we need to do to survive. I just wish more would do like we have, which is to cut out Big Tech altogether.
We don’t get Google checks. We don’t have Facebook or Twitter buttons on our stories. We don’t have a YouTube Channel (banned), an Instagram profile (never made one), or a TikTok (no thanks, CCP). We’re not perfect, but we’re doing everything we can to not owe anything to anyone… other than our readers. We owe YOU the truth. We owe YOU the facts that others won’t reveal about topics that others won’t tackle. And we owe America, this great land that allows us to take hold of these opportunities.
Like I said, I don’t hold other conservative sites under too much scrutiny over their choices. It’s easy for people to point fingers when we’re not the ones paying their bills or supporting their families. I just wish there were more who would make the bold move. Today, only a handful of other major conservative news outlets have broken free from the Big Tech teat. Of course, we need help.
The best way you can help us grow and continue to bring proper news and opinions to the people is by donating. We appreciate everything, whether a dollar or $10,000. Anything brings us closer to a point of stability when we can hire writers, editors, and support staff to make the America First message louder. Our Giving Fuel page makes it easy to donate one-time or monthly. Alternatively, you can donate through PayPal or Bitcoin as well. Bitcoin: 3A1ELVhGgrwrypwTJhPwnaTVGmuqyQrMB8
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Time is short. As the world spirals towards The Great Reset, the need for truthful journalism has never been greater. But in these times, we need as many conservative media voices as possible. Please help keep NOQ Report and the other sites in the network going. Our promise is this: We will never sell out America. If that means we’re going to struggle for a while or even indefinitely, so be it. Integrity first. Truth first. America first.
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JD Rucker – EIC | <urn:uuid:7f9037bd-dc73-44be-9e33-31b1a85ecdfa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://basedunderground.com/2022/05/24/the-who-treaty-is-tied-to-a-global-digital-passport-and-id-system/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.933951 | 2,296 | 2.46875 | 2 |
We are living in a world in which we have either embraced technology, or we have been forced to use it (an example her is online banking) – and of course, we also may accept that, today in the majority of cases we have must tollerate the state of the always-on, always connected world be it for business, or social purposes and we are now in the majority of cases either dependent, or hooked on technology!
Our technological dependency in 2020, leveraging its ease opportunity arrives in a number of different forms, be they hand-held devices upon which multiples of applications are installed (and deleted), Cloud and its related on-line services, or telecommunications such as low cost Voice over IP (VoIP) providing low cost calls; or maybe it is the smart, listening TV sitting quietly in the corner of the lounge along with the equally dangerous listening Smart Speaker with its ‘Hi-Spy’ on me capability. Yes, we are hooked in more than one way! However, when we pull the lid back and look at the wired business world, this really does start to ramp up observation of embracing tech, when one considers just how tied into technology they are, with an increasing and growing dependency on an infrastructure which was never actually designed to carry such a heavy load of business related activities – AKA the Internet. We may then cast our eyes to the Financial Sector, and in particular the failing of systems, ranging from banking outages, ATM infrastructures failures and debacles which have arisen out of RBS and Tesco Bank to name just two from our gallery of disasters which impacted the using public with outages. So we may conclude that, yes, when it comes to dependencies, not only is it proven that we are tethered to technology – in some cases flawed – to drive our lives, but that this very technology has also revealed its foibles, and weak underbelly when it comes to providing resilient capabilities to support our extant expectations of operability.
On the other side of the tech-coin however, we may then cast our eye to the development of Cyber Weaponry crafted and designed out of both low and high investment to be released to the awaiting public by Serious and Organised Criminals, Malicious Hackers, Hacktivists, and of course not forgetting those State Sponsored Actors such as North Korea, Russia, and ‘China’ who utilise malicious tools to underpin and achieve their warped political objectives, arriving in the form of adversity, and in particular at this time of a Pandemic, leveraging the current coronavirus outbreak as a cloak to spread misinformation, fear, doubt, and of course to use the unprecedented viral outbreak to spin off some criminally generated financial gain from the unprepared connected user. But the malicious intent goes much further than this, and moves toward what is downright cruel and heartless when one considers the successful attack against and Italian online Government Service providing much needed financial support to the impacted public to ease the financial consequence of coronavirus. Sadly even in the darkest hours, mankind must suffer those who see disastrous events as an opportunity for corruption, fraud, and other conjoined unacceptable, unethical practices.
The coronavirus Pandemic has by default created an enhanced level of cyber exposure which is being exploited by the adverse factions, feeding off the opportunity of Out of Office, imposed Home Working where the surface of possibility for exploitation has naturally increased in the absence of the overshadowing business hand of security, governance and technological defences. This imposition is possibly the reason why in March/April 2020 cyber attacks increased by around 30% when measured against previous periods, with one example of the WHO (World Health Organisation) seeing a fivefold increase in cyber attacks. Then link this to a study which was published in April 2020 with research from Gallagher, finding that Human Errors account for 60% of all Cyber Attacks, and then add to the mix the Accenture and the World Economic Forum observation that between 2019 and 2023 the cost of cyber attacks are expected to rise to a staggering $5.2 trillion. These reports also comment that that notwithstanding in 64% of cases companies run regular Security Education Sessions, employees were still considered the weakest link, with 39% reporting that employees had clicked on a malicious link, with a further 35% confirming that staff had been caught by Phishing emails. Given here we are talking about the business users who are working within the estate of their employment, just imagine the targetting opportunities of a Perfect Storm condition when we push our workforce into, what have been at times, a state of unpreparedness.
The facts of the matter are, where we are forcing our users to work out of office, in semi, or unsanitized secure homestead environments, it is doubly necessary to ensure that the level of Security Education and Awareness Training they receive is equal to, or more than what the user would normally enjoy inter business accommodation – demanding times place a heavier burden of the business mission to ensure their user base are aware, and fully informed about all cyber risks they now face off campus. By following a maximized approach, we may even be able to decrease the level of risk which exist within the business premises.
We must also assure that, notwithstanding our workers are now remote, they still have access to the company security policies, directives, and materials from which they may draw information to maximize their security effectiveness. Here, this can be achieved with on-line go-bag, or secure USB drive (such as the iStorage Certified FIPS 140/2 encrypted units (https://istorage-uk.com)) containing all the necessary materials, or maybe a server share plugged into Outlook – the possibilities are many.
The Town Hall of Education
On the subject of delivering Security Education and Awareness Training, here we may need to apply a little more imagination to take into account the new challenges of the day dictated by the imposition of coronavirus, conjoined with technology to deliver Town Hall Conferencing facilities and up to date training into the remote users physical locality. Here, the opportunity exists to update all users, at all levels on the latest scams, dangers, and other such point of exposure to which they may fall victim – along with the possibility of compromising sensitive business assets.
OSINT (Open Source Intelligence)
To accommodate the required level of Situational Awareness aligned to the coronavirus pandemic, business should be looking over the hill to gain intelligence as it becomes available though OSINT, leveraging simple tools to trap the associated tag-lines to enable a view of the world of potential hostilities. Watching Social Media, and other such forms of data feeds which can act as an early warning system. For example, utilising free applications such as Tweetdeck may not be rocket science, but in the right hands such a free application can prove to be a Intel god send. See Fig 1 below.
Fig 1 – Tweetdeck
The other value add of utilising OSINT for your own Situational Awareness Purpose is, you may then enhance the delivery of the Town Hall Security Education and Awareness Training specific to your business brand, and you external workforce.
Virtual Security Teams
Another point to enhance the business exposure caused by the pandemic is the disruption of business operations such as the anticipated every day BAU Cyber Security Mission. Of course here we see yet another opportunity for impact on the potential of delivering to the desired security objectives – an exposure our attackers will be very aware off, and are exploiting as I write. It is in this imposition where the essential teams need to evolve new ways of working to meet the presented challenge. As an example, when I was a Security Manager at General Motors (GM) we had our main Security HQ based in Detroit, with multiple global locations spread all over the world. The solution was to introduce a Virtual Security Team (VST) to tie together the security operations, to share intelligence, and of course to achieve many working from one platform to a common goal. Today with the coronavirus challenge, here we see the potential of the VST really stepping forward to plug any potential gap of insecurity-creep.
First Responders – Incident Engagement
Notwithstanding our user are out of sight, they should not be out of mind, and no matter an incident may occur outside of the usual business environment, it nevertheless needs to be accommodated with the same, or a like-for-like robust engagement strategy, which deliver all of the mechanisms of support, including First Responder assignment, and where required collection of artifact, Digital Forensic Capabilities, and of course Incident Resolution.
So, just because we are dealing with users who have been forced into home based, lock-down conditions it does not imply we can ignore the in-house business responsibilities. Again, evolving new ways of working to for forge and adjust our in-house approach, and extend it to reach-out to the multiple remote worker environments. We need to apply imagination and focus on how we deal with any external case related artifacts which may need to be acquired, documented, and then secured as an intrinsic element of evidential materials that will be added to the case-load file. And of course it is equally important, as we discover such remote artifacts that they are subject to the same internal processes, applying robust handling procedures, documenting location, time, date, and the personalities concerned and of course applying the required virtual bag-and-tag process for the case; remembering that any artifact that is taken into virtual custody without the required processes may be worthless if not robustly processed – do not forget, GDPR has expectations no matter where the data rests!
Moving onto the practicalities of defending against cyber evasions, and invasions, let us consider where our operational and professional responsibilities exist, and what we should be accommodating to ensure we have a robust position from which to defend and respond to an actual, or suspected, cyber incident. On this level we also need to overcome what can be a regular observation insofar as, why provision a set of capabilities (AKA First Responder Incident Response) when the organisation has never really had any need? Could this represent a bad investment? The counter argument of course is to play the Headless-Chicken at time of crisis, or during a full blown attack upon our remote user is never high on my list of security recommendations – and in the midst of the current intelligence reports of Scams and other such facts of coronavirus cyber aggressions against home based workers, we need to prick up our ears and take note. We must plan for the worst case scenario, and respond from an informed, prepared position – anything less in the current landscape of challenges should be considered reckless.
Tools and Support Materials
I am hopeful that in many cases the business will possess the required tool-sets and materials which will enable them to engage and respond to a cyber incident, but equally accept that some may not meet my expectations. Again driving the point home that in this current landscape of home working, we need to look at the mission with fresh eyes, considering the multiple out of office end points and human operatives for the potential of exploitation.
The first element of the tool-set is to have well documented Run-Books (Security Protocols) which set out the steps, approach and make available the related knowledge to deal with any one of many types of incident – ranging from Malware, Phishing right up to conducting a Digital Forensic acquisition. I have delivered many such document sets into teams all over the world and have observed that when Run-Books are used, no matter the skill level of the engaging First Responder Team Member, as they are working to one formally accepted approach the level of successful outcome is greatly increased to the advantage of the business. And example of a Run Book is at Fig 2.
Fig 2 – Extract from a Run-Book
On the subject of tools, when running any kind of investigation it is important to keep track of what has been done, and where you are in the process. Tools such as the Paliscope browser (https://www.paliscope.com/) is one of my always-recommend choices to have in the armoury of the First Responder as Paliscope acts as your Contemporaneous friend, recording all case related activity into a shareable local system secured folder – See Fig 3 where Paliscope is being used to investigate the EXIF data of an Image.
Fig 3 – PALISCOPE
To overcome the challenges of remote acquisition the First Responder may call on a number of tools to achieve their remote investigation requirements, and in this space one of my recommended tools is the Belkasoft Evidence Centre ( https://belkasoft.com/ec) which facilitates all the needs of the First Responder/Digital Forensics Investigator. In particular within this conversation of the home based working communities, the tools ability to acquire and investigative across the wire – a real advantage in the era of disrupted working practices.
As with 911, again our ways of accepting the norms of working have been imposed by the coronavirus pandemic which has imposed the need to evolve and respond to securing our business environment and users. But it is also about using our technology and imagination to defend the Global Economy, and above all we must step up to the plate, start to think out-of-the-box, and recognise the evolution of adversity must drive the mindset of survival in the Information Age. | <urn:uuid:49413fd6-356b-47a5-a915-2be1c9aec6a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://informationsecuritybuzz.com/articles/pandemic-evolution-of-new-age-working-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.946114 | 2,739 | 1.875 | 2 |
One of the oft-repeated virtues of our sacred source, The Big Lebowski, is that it can represent different things to different people. For instance: Is it a funny movie that helps you forget your troubles? Check. Is it a deep and philosophical investigation into modern-day ethics? Check. Is it a scientific investigation of what happens when you fuck a stranger in the ass? Check. Lebowski is life. And life is basically a lot of stuff happening at the same time.
Yet despite its many-faced mirror, one thing that few have contended is that TBL might be an educational film for kids. Why? Well, first of all, it has one of the highest cuss words-to-runtime ratios of any movie in history. Secondly, the plot is too convoluted for most adults to follow the first three times, much less a five year old accustomed to the immediately gratifying structure of Saturday morning TV. Oh yeah, and also, one of the best characters in the film is a pederast.
That said, if we all want people around us to be a bit more Dude, then we have to start off early and teach our children Dudeist ethics. But if we aren’t sure about showing them the movie, what are we left to do? Surely we can’t rely on the crippled TV version: That’s what happens when you find a stranger in the Alps, and feed him scrambled eggs.
Luckily, an enterprising Dudeist Priest, a cartoonist named James Duncan has written and illustrated the world’s first Dudeist children’s book. "Am I a Dude" is a sort of Cat In the Hat for our modern day, with the Dude acting as mentor to a young fella named Finnegan.
Let’s be honest, defining the word "dude" is hard even for us adults. So young Finnegan is understandably confused about its meaning. Luckily the Dude himself appears to help him understand the word, and the philosophy/religion that it spawned. Over the following pages, the Little Lebowski on the way learns not only the history of Dudeism but also how to be a Dudeist himself.
Looking at the lessons laid out so plainly, one wonders if Dudeism shouldn’t be taught in school. After all, what is it that troubles most children and adolescents? Many things: Peer pressure, insecurity, fear of failure, concern over looks and social standing and the looming threat of a career. Dudeism is the balm that teaches us not to worry about that shit. So why do we have to learn about it so late in life? Rev. Duncan has provided the first step in providing the necessary means for a necessary means for an elementary education.
Now you know what to get your kids for Christmas this year. That, and perhaps their very first rug. It’ll tie their whole life together, man. Unless, you know, they’re not housebroken. In that case, you might want to wait with the rug. | <urn:uuid:cb816619-bf6e-4511-92e9-63d102f83daf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dudespaper.com/am-i-a-dude.html/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.955367 | 631 | 1.570313 | 2 |
As violent protests against the Centre's new short-term recruitment policy for armed forces continue in parts of the country, the Rajasthan Cabinet has passed a resolution demanding the withdrawal of the Centre's Agnipath scheme keeping in mind the "larger public interest and the sentiments of the youths".
A meeting of the State Council of Ministers was held under the chairmanship of Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot at the Chief Minister's residence here on Saturday where concerns were expressed over the nationwide protests against the Agnipath scheme of the Central Government. "In the meeting of the State Council of Ministers, it was discussed that the Indian Army is the bravest in the world and is known for its indomitable courage. Whole country takes pride in the Indian Army's glorious history. To maintain dignity and prestige of the Indian Army, it is necessary to have skill, experience and stability in the forces. To increase efficiency in the Army, it is crucial to have permanent soldiers instead of short-term recruits, so that the country can reap the benefit of their experience. The Army must be equipped with all the resources and must be continuously strengthened," read a statement by the Rajasthan government.
Noting the massive protests across the country regarding the provisions in the scheme, the State Government said it is of the view that the Central Government should have had a comprehensive discussion with all the stakeholders before introducing any such scheme. "It was discussed in the meeting that, many military experts are of the opinion that the Agnipath scheme will neither secure the future of the youths nor will the country's Army face the challenges with full confidence Experts say that there should be regular recruitment in the country's Army, along with better training soldiers must get all the benefits so that their future and their family's future can be secured," the statement added.
AGNIPATH scheme allows patriotic and motivated youth to serve in the Armed Forces for a period of four years. Soldiers who are recruited under this scheme will be known as Agniveers. A total of 46,000 Agniveers will be recruited this year. Following protests, the Central government announced an increase in the upper age limit for the recruitment of Agniveers from 21 years to 23 years for the recruitment cycle of 2022.
While Defence Minister Rajnath Singh said that the 'Agnipath' scheme gives a golden opportunity to the youth to join the defence system and serve the country, senior Congress leader P Chidambaram said the recruitment policy is controversial, carries multiple risks, subverts the long-standing traditions and ethos of the armed forces and there is no guarantee that the soldiers recruited under the scheme will be better trained and motivated to defend the country. Congress has urged the government to keep the Agnipath scheme in abeyance, hold wide consultations with serving and retired officers, and address the issues of quality, efficiency and economy without compromising on any of the three considerations.
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh on Saturday approved a proposal to reserve 10 per cent of the job vacancies in the Ministry of Defence for 'Agniveers' meeting requisite eligibility criteria. Earlier, Union Home Minister Amit Shah announced that his ministry has decided to give priority to 'Agniveers' in the recruitment of the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs) and Assam Rifles. | <urn:uuid:aaf890f7-8d87-4d4e-bcd2-e135c3132597> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.awazthevoice.in/india-news/rajasthan-cabinet-passes-resolution-demanding-withdrawal-of-agnipath-12747.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.961575 | 682 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Registration with AROH offers the following benefits:
AROH provides a national organisation (structurally supported by the professional homoeopathy associations) for determining standards for the education and competency of homoeopaths. The Register acts as independently as possible from those associations, to uphold the standards, and to receive and determine complaints. This arrangement has had a positive influence on unifying and increasing educational standards nationally, and improved representation for homeopathy about regulatory issues. These benefits serve the public interest, and thereby improve the public profile of the profession. The more homoeopaths choose to register with AROH, the greater will be AROH's ability to serve the public interest and influence these important professional concerns.
A list of practitioners who comply with government recognised Competency Standards that the public can rely on. | <urn:uuid:cbdcf916-2194-4650-ab6d-e7046a8d0af6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aroh.com.au/Why-Register | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.943532 | 162 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Finding a long-lost submariner
The Western Union telegram from John Wilson arrived in Long Island on Sept. 30, 1942. From that widowed father to his eldest son, it was nine words long: literal, bare and devastating.
WIRE FROM NAVY THIS MORNING. JACK IS GONE. DAD.
“I always found that message to be poignant,” said grandson John Wilson III.
John Wilson Sr. was living in Canandaigua at the time. Jack was the second of his three sons: full name John Wilson Jr., brother to Richard and Robert. All three sons, and father, were in the military — something of a family tradition since an ancestral Wilson picked up a musket and joined the state militia more than a century earlier.
Along with 70 other men aboard the USS Grunion submarine, John Wilson Jr. went missing off the Aleutian Islands in 1942. Neither the boat nor its crew were found. A search was never conducted. U.S. Navy reports to the families of the lost could only say that nothing could be said. Regrets were expressed. Delays should be expected.
“The family spoke emotionally of my uncle Jack and how they missed him,” said John Wilson III. “They wondered at how he would have been as an adult ... thought that he would have been a good family man.”
The Grunion was one of the first U.S. submarines launched during World War II. Its last report mentioned an encounter with armed Japanese freighters. Then nothing. And nothing was known for 65 years.
Then last August, in the frigid waters of the Bering Sea, the Grunion was found. Images of its hull were broadcast in high-definition video on the Internet.
News of the search and discovery made national headlines. A black-and-white photograph of hometown hero John Wilson Jr., his hair blowing out from under his mariner’s cap, was published in the pages of USA Today.
“I became really excited then,” said John Wilson III. “I thought how proud his father and brothers would have been. They would have just been bursting with joy at all this.”
None of them were alive. John Wilson died in 1964. Richard died in 1965, Robert in 1985. Their mother had been dead since 1930.
So the grandson became the compiler of their history. He followed their lives and losses through memories and in documents — some so brittle a harsh breath could disperse their words. Tragedy ran through the story, almost as a theme.
John Wilson III recounts how during the Great Depression, poverty forced his grandfather to send his boys to a boarding home in Rochester, and how he struggled to secure them room and board on farms in exchange for work while all three attended Canandaigua Academy.
He tells of his grandfather’s devotion to the military, how he re-enlisted at the age of 35, pioneered the American Legion post in Canandaigua, then tried to become active again — unsuccessfully — once he was well into his 60s.
A few years ago, John Wilson III returned to Canandaigua, where he used to visit his grandfather, go swimming in the lake and shoot ski ball at Roseland. He wrote an essay about his visit, about his family.
“I have only a middle-aged man’s memories of my childhood,” he wrote. “I cannot guarantee their accuracy. I can ensure sincerity.”
‘A stream of improbables’
Perhaps no one would have ever seen the USS Grunion again, if it weren’t for a colonel with a penchant for military antiques, explains Mary Bentz. Bentz is the niece of Carmine Parziale, one of the Grunion’s lost. She lives in Maryland.
It was about five years ago, she recalls. U.S. Air Force Lt. Col. Richard Lane purchased a wiring diagram of a Japanese boat dating back to the 1930s. It cost him a dollar.
Intrigued, but not too knowledgeable on the topic, Lane posted a note about his find on a Web site dedicated to Japanese naval history, asking if anyone could identify the diagram.
He was contacted by Yutaka Iwasaki, a historian who said he could most certainly identify the diagram: It was the schematic for the Kano Maru, he said, a Japanese freighter that sunk the USS Grunion in World War II. Further, he could tell him where.
It was a revelation, and Lane knew it. Immediately, he posted the information on an American submarine site.
“It was there for two or three years before we knew anything about it,” said Bruce Abele, one of the three sons of Mannert Abele, commander of the Grunion. “Then I spotted it.”
This was more than 60 years after the sub went down, notes Bentz.
“The parents of these guys are dead,” she said. “We have three widows alive, but then we’re down to children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Even the friends would be well into their 90s.”
So the searches began: Bentz, for at least one living relative of every crewman that perished aboard the Grunion; Abele, for the Grunion itself.
“It was a stream of improbables that allowed us to do this,” said Abele.
He had the devotion to do the research and track the sub, but it was his brother John, the founder of bio-tech giant Boston Scientific, who had the money to make it happen. First things first, they needed Iwasaki.
Bruce Abele will never forget when he first heard from the Japanese historian, in an e-mail. “He wrote to us, and he said: ‘I pray for the repose of your father’s soul.’”
Iwasaki was on board. In fact, he flew to Massachusetts and stayed on to aid with the search. Next, the brothers hired a company to perform a sonar reconnaissance. Another success. A scan picked up fuzzy images of what could very well be a submarine at the bottom of the Bering Sea. That was all the proof they needed.
John Abele waited until the frigid waters were cool enough to head underwater. He led the search armed with high-definition cameras strapped to an underwater rover.
Bruce Abele was back home in Massachusetts, following the progress.
“They e-mailed us stuff everyday,” he said. “We would come in at two o’clock in the morning, and we’d stay up to watch what happened.”
Then, as a Boston Globe journalist interviewed him at home, a report came in from his brother John. The Grunion was found.
Discovered at the bottom of the ocean, the mangled sub was barely discernible from the sea life that consumed it. Its plaque ID letters had been chewed off by a half-century of salty decay. Its steel shell had grown a second skin of seaweed and shells. Crabs the size of men skittered along its barnacled hull, itself more like moss than metal.
But it was the boat. There was no doubt.
“Holy gosh was that dramatic,” said Bruce Abele. “It was overwhelming.”
That same day, Bentz located a relative of the last of the Grunion crew.
Please visit www.ussgrunion.com for more up-to-date information about the discovery of the USS Grunion, its crew and a future memorial to be held in its honor.
Contact Philip Anselmo at (585) 394-0770, Ext. 322, or at email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:9ea77ab6-db58-4818-864a-ae017b364e17> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.therecordherald.com/story/news/2008/04/16/finding-long-lost-submariner/48552351007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.98308 | 1,660 | 2.25 | 2 |
Mutations in VPS13C cause early-onset, autosomal recessive Parkinson’s disease (PD). We have established that VPS13C encodes a lipid transfer protein localized to contact sites between the ER and late endosomes/lysosomes. In the current study, we demonstrate that depleting VPS13C in HeLa cells causes an accumulation of lysosomes with an altered lipid profile, including an accumulation of di-22:6-BMP, a biomarker of the PD-associated leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S mutation. In addition, the DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway, which was recently implicated in PD pathogenesis, is activated in these cells. This activation results from a combination of elevated mitochondrial DNA in the cytosol and a defect in the degradation of activated STING, a lysosome-dependent process. These results suggest a link between ER-lysosome lipid transfer and innate immune activation in a model human cell line and place VPS13C in pathways relevant to PD pathogenesis.
Genetic studies have revealed many genes whose mutations cause or increase the risk of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Elucidating the functions of these genes, and the mechanisms by which their mutations cause PD, may provide insights into general PD pathophysiology and yield new therapeutic strategies. Several of these genes have been implicated in mitochondrial function (Malpartida et al., 2021), while many others play a role in the endolysosomal system (Abeliovich and Gitler, 2016; Vidyadhara et al., 2019). The extent of physiological and pathological cross talk between these two organelle systems is a topic of increasing interest (Hughes et al., 2020; Kim et al., 2021; Yambire et al., 2019).
One of the genes whose mutations are responsible for familial early onset PD is VPS13C (Darvish et al., 2018; Lesage et al., 2016; Schormair et al., 2018). The VPS13C locus was also identified in multiple PD genome-wide association studies (Nalls et al., 2019). Additionally, loss-of-function mutations in VPS13C genes were detected in dementia with Lewy bodies, peculiar protein aggregates enriched in α-synuclein and characteristic of PD (Smolders et al., 2021). The VPS13 gene family encodes lipid transfer proteins that localize to a variety of distinct contact sites between membranous organelles (Ugur et al., 2020). These proteins are thought to function as bridges that allow phospholipids to traverse the aqueous cytosolic environment between bilayers through a hydrophobic groove that runs along their length (Kumar et al., 2018; Li et al., 2020; Guillen-Samander et al., 2021; Cai et al., 2022).
Initial studies of VPS13C focused on a potential role in mitochondrial physiology (Lesage et al., 2016), as at the time studies of the single yeast Vps13 protein had suggested a role of this protein in the transport of lipids to these organelles (Lang et al., 2015). Such studies reported the presence of VPS13C in mitochondria-associated membrane fractions and showed that VPS13C knockdown causes mitochondrial dysfunction (Lesage et al., 2016). This seemed to be consistent with evidence for a major role of defects in mitochondrial clearance in some familial forms of PD (Pickrell and Youle, 2015). However, subsequent studies showed that while VPS13A (Kumar et al., 2018; Yeshaw et al., 2019) and VPS13D (Guillen-Samander et al., 2021) localize to contact sites between the ER and mitochondria, VPS13C localizes instead to contact sites between the ER and late endosomes/lysosomes (Kumar et al., 2018). The localization of VPS13C at endolysosomes, but not mitochondria, was also supported by proximity labeling experiments (Go et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2018), although genetic evidence for an impact of VPS13C on lysosome properties is still missing. A role of VPS13C in the endolysosomal system is not at odds with the established genetic links to PD, given that many PD genes function in the endolysosomal system (Abeliovich and Gitler, 2016). How defects in this system promote PD, however, remains to be understood.
Recent studies have implicated activation of the innate immune response in PD pathogenesis. Specifically, it has been reported that defective mitochondrial clearance in mice with Parkin and PINK1 loss-of-function mutations subjected to additional mitochondrial stressors may result in mtDNA leakage into the cytosol, leading to activation of the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway (Sliter et al., 2018). Such activation, in turn, induces the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) and an NF-κB–mediated inflammatory response (Motwani et al., 2019). While cGAS and STING are primarily expressed in nonneuronal cells in brain, including microglia and astrocytes (Saunders et al., 2018), there is growing evidence that some other genes involved in neurodegenerative diseases, including PD, are also expressed primarily in nonneuronal cells, including immune cells (Cook et al., 2017). Interestingly, activation of the cGAS-STING pathway due to elevated cytosolic mtDNA was observed in bone marrow–derived macrophages (BMDMs) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking LRRK2 (Weindel et al., 2020), a PD gene associated with lysosomes (Bonet-Ponce et al., 2020). Moreover, absence of C9orf72, an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis gene and a component of a signaling complex associated with lysosomes (Amick et al., 2016), results in hyperresponsiveness to activators of STING, likely owing to impaired degradation of STING in lysosomes (McCauley et al., 2020). As multiple groups have shown that activation of STING, an ER resident protein, triggers its transport from the ER to lysosomes, where it is degraded, defective lysosomal function may delay clearance of activated STING (Gonugunta et al., 2017; Gui et al.,2019). These previous studies raise the possibility that an interplay of mitochondrial defects (such as mtDNA leakage) and lysosomal defects (such as impaired STING degradation) may synergize in the activation of the innate immune response, leading to neuroinflammation in some neurodegenerative diseases.
Intriguingly, the single yeast Vps13 gene is required for both mitochondrial integrity (Lang et al., 2015; Park et al., 2016) and proper function of the endolysosomal system (Brickner and Fuller, 1997). Moreover, this yeast protein was identified in a genetic screen for mutations that cause the escape of mtDNA to the nucleus, hence its alias yeast mitochondrial escape 3 (YME3; Thorsness and Fox, 1993). Follow-up studies of another YME gene, the ATP-dependent mitochondrial metalloprotease YME1, revealed that escape of mtDNA required degradation of mitochondrial compartments in the vacuole, the yeast equivalent of the lysosome (Campbell and Thorsness, 1998). Moreover, recent studies of mammalian YME1L demonstrate that loss-of-function results in mtDNA leakage and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway (Sprenger et al., 2021). All these findings prompted us to explore a potential activation of the cGAS-STING pathway by mtDNA in a VPS13CKO cell line and its potential relationship to lysosome dysfunction.
Loss of VPS13C results in perturbation of lysosomal homeostasis
We have previously shown that VPS13C localizes to contact sites between the ER and late endosomes/lysosomes positive for the GTPase Rab7 (Kumar et al., 2018), a marker of these organelles (Gillingham et al., 2014). Moreover, VPS13C was a hit in a high-throughput screen for interactors of Rab7a (Gillingham et al., 2019). Not only have we confirmed that VPS13C localizes to organelles positive for overexpressed Rab7a or constitutively active Rab7aQ67L in HeLa cells, but we have also demonstrated that coexpression of VPS13C with a dominant-negative mutant Rab7a (Rab7aT22N), which cannot localize to late endosomes/lysosomes, causes VPS13C to have a diffuse cytosolic distribution (Fig. 1 A). These findings demonstrate a key role of Rab7 in the recruitment of VPS13C to late endosomes/lysosomes. In this experiment, dispersal of VPS13C to the cytosol, rather than its accumulation in the ER, the other major VPS13C-binding organelle, may reflect insufficient levels of VAP, its ER binding partner. (Kumar et al., 2018) We thus coexpressed VPS13C with VAPA and Rab7aT22N (Fig. S1 A) and observed accumulation of VPS13C dispersed throughout the ER, although with significant cytosolic background. As these experiments corroborate the idea that contacts between the ER and endolysosomes are a main site of action of VPS13C, we investigated whether the absence of VPS13C has an impact on lysosomal parameters.
We generated two independent VPS13CKO HeLa cell lines using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing and confirmed indel mutations leading to premature stop codons by genomic sequencing (Fig. S1 B). Loss of protein expression was validated by immunoblotting (IB; Fig. 1 B). Both VPS13CKO clones had significantly elevated levels of the lysosomal membrane protein LAMP1 and the luminal protease Cathepsin D, as assessed by Western blotting (Fig. 1, C and D). Moreover, imaging assays revealed an increased lysotracker signal (Fig. 1, E and F), further supporting an increase in lysosome abundance and showing that these lysosomes have an acidic lumen.
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) has been identified as a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis (Sardiello et al., 2009). Under basal conditions, mTORC1-dependent phosphorylation of TFEB causes TFEB to be retained in the cytoplasm (Roczniak-Ferguson et al., 2012). However, it is dephosphorylated and translocates to the nucleus in response to a range of lysosomal stresses. Given the increase in lysosomal proteins and lysotracker fluorescence in the VPS13CKO cells, we investigated whether TFEB was dephosphorylated compared with WT cells. We found that the ratio of dephosphorylated (lower band) to phosphorylated (upper band) TFEB was indeed increased in the VPS13CKO cells (Fig. 1, G and H). As a positive control for TFEB dephosphorylation, WT cells were treated with the mTORC inhibitor Torin-1 (Fig. 1 G, rightmost lane). The occurrence of an increased pool of dephosphorylated TFEB in VPS13CKO cells correlated with an increase in the nuclear localization of a TFEB-GFP fusion protein (Fig. S1, C and D).
To assess the specificity of this effect, we “rescued” VPS13C expression in the VPS13CKO clones by using CRISPR-Cas9–mediated homology directed repair (HDR; VPS13CRescue cell lines; Fig. S1 E) and found that TFEB phosphorylation was correspondingly rescued (Fig. 1, G and H).
Given the putative role of VPS13C as a lipid transfer protein, we next examined the impact of the absence of VPS13C on the lysosome lipidome. To isolate lysosomes, we pulsed (4 h) cells with dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), which were taken up through bulk-endocytosis and trafficked to the endolysosomal compartment (Tharkeshwar et al., 2020; Tharkeshwar et al., 2017). Imaging of a fluorescently tagged version of these nanoparticles at 15 h after the pulse confirmed their trafficking to vesicular structures that were positive for both LAMP1 and a transfected construct containing the β-propeller region of VPS13C (VPS13Cβ-prop), i.e., the Rab7-binding region of VPS13C (Fig. S2 A). This observation confirmed the accumulation of the nanoparticles in a VPS13C-relevant compartment. Cell lysis and purification of nanoparticles-enriched lysosomes using a magnetic column yielded >67-fold enrichment of the integral lysosomal membrane protein LAMP1 relative to the control protein GAPDH, as well as enrichment of the late-endosomal marker Rab7, a peripheral membrane protein (Fig. 2, A and B).
Shotgun mass spectrometry (MS)-based lipidomic analysis of the major lipid classes in the lysosomal fractions revealed substantial differences between VPS13CKO and controls on a percent molar basis (specific lipid class versus total lipids) that were consistent in both VPS13CKO clones. There were increases in phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and sphingomyelin (SM), as well as a decrease in phosphatidylglycerol (PG). PG measurement may include bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate (BMP), as PG and BMP are structural isomers that were not distinguished by this analysis (Fig. 2 C). In addition, ether-lipid forms of both phosphatidylcholine (PC-O) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE-O) were significantly reduced in the lysosomes of both VPS13CKO clones (Fig. 2 C). Ether lipid synthesis involves the peroxisome and the ER (Jimenez-Rojo and Riezman, 2019). Importantly, there was no decrease in these lipids, and even a slight increase, in the total cell lipidome (Fig. S2 B), suggesting that biosynthesis is intact and that the decrease of ether lipids in lysosomes may result from a defect in trafficking to the lysosome. The whole-cell lipidome also revealed increases in ceramide, hexosylceramide, and cholesteryl ester, as well as decreases in lysoPC (LPC) and lysoPE (LPE; Fig. S2 B). Collectively, these findings reveal a perturbation of lysosomal lipid homeostasis in VPS13CKO cells.
Enhanced levels of di-22:6-BMP in VPS13CKO cells
We next analyzed individual lipid species in control and VPS13CKO lysosomes. Among the 1,161 species measured, we found that 123 of them were significantly altered in both VPS13CKO clones relative to controls (Fig. S2 C). In agreement with the class-level decreases, most of the downregulated hits were PC-O and PE-O species. The upregulated hits comprised a variety of classes including PC, PI, PE, and SM, many containing polyunsaturated fatty acid tails including arachidonic acid (20:4), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6). The most highly increased lipid species in one of the VPS13CKO clones and the third highest in the other one, was PG(22.6_22.6; Fig. S2 C, black arrowhead), which, as stated above, could not be distinguished from its structural isomer di-22:6-BMP. As BMPs (also referred to as LBPA) are specific to the endolysosomal system (Gruenberg, 2020), we suspected that the majority of the species reported as PG(22.6_22.6) was actually di-22:6-BMP. This was intriguing, as di-22:6-BMP has been established as a biomarker for a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including Niemann Pick type C (Liu et al., 2014) and, more recently, LRRK2 G2019S mutation status (Alcalay et al., 2020). The increase of di-22:6-BMP in whole-cell lysate was confirmed by a quantitative MS assay specifically designed to assess this lipid (Fig. 2 D). Moreover, di-18:1-BMP, which appears to be the most abundant species in HeLa cells and is a major species in most human tissues (Showalter et al., 2020) was decreased (Fig. 2 D). This is consistent with our findings that total PG/BMP species are decreased by approximately half in VPS13CKO Hela lysosomes, revealing an overall decrease in total BMP but a specific increase in di-22:6-BMP (Figs. 2 C and S2 D).
To investigate this phenotype in a neuronal cell type, we knocked out VPS13C using CRISPR-Cas9 in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with a stably integrated NGN2 ORF under a doxycycline-inducible promoter (i3Neurons; Fig. 2 E; Fernandopulle et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2017). We differentiated these cells into neurons for 14 d according to established protocols (Fernandopulle et al., 2018; Gowrishankar et al., 2021). As in the VPS13CKO HeLa cells, di-22:6-BMP was increased in two separate VPS13CKO i3Neuron clones (Fig. 2 F), whereas di-18:1-BMP was decreased. While the significance of the specific increase in di-22:6-BMP and decrease of total BMP remains unclear, this finding is consistent with alteration of lysosomal function across multiple neurodegenerative conditions.
Total BMP is also reduced in certain subtypes of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (Hobert and Dawson, 2007) and is altered by knockout (KO) of Progranulin, a lysosomal protein whose loss-of-function mutation causes both neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (homozygous) and frontotemporal dementia (heterozygous; Logan et al., 2021).
Activation of the cGAS-STING pathway in VPS13CKO HeLa cells
Having defined an impact of the lack of VPS13C on lysosomal homeostasis, we next addressed the hypothesis that the absence of VPS13C in HeLa cells could result in an activation of the cGAS-STING pathway (Fig. 3 A). First, as a readout of potential cGAS-STING activation, we analyzed a subset of ISGs (IFIT1, IFIT3, ISG15, OASL, and STAT1) by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and saw increased expression in both VPS13CKO HeLa clones (Fig. 3 B). This increase was no longer observed when cGAS (Fig. 3 F) or STING (Fig. 3 D) was knocked down by siRNA (Fig. 3 C). Knockdown of cGAS or STING also decreased ISG expression in our WT HeLa cells, suggesting some basal level of STING signaling in these cells.
Upon binding to cGAMP, activated STING undergoes a conformational change, oligomerizes, traffics through the Golgi, and recruits the kinase TBK1, which phosphorylates STING at ser366 as well as itself at ser172 (Liu et al., 2015; Shang et al., 2019; Zhang et al., 2019). Phosphorylated STING subsequently recruits IRF3, which is phosphorylated and activated by TBK1 (Liu et al., 2015) and undergoes translocation to the nucleus to induce ISG expression (Fig. A; Lin et al., 1998). Again, consistent with cGAS-STING activation, phosphorylated forms of STING, TBK1, and IRF3 were all significantly elevated in VPS13CKO HeLa cells (Fig. 3 E). Total STING levels were also slightly increased (Fig. 3 E). Additionally, siRNA knockdown of cGAS abolished STING-Ser366 phosphorylation in VPS13CKO HeLa cells, while global levels of STING were slightly increased consistent with lower basal degradation in the absence of cGAS (Fig. 3 F).
We next investigated whether activation of cGAS-STING could be returned to baseline in the VPS13CRescue cells. In clones in which VPS13C protein expression had been successfully restored, phospho-STING and phospho-TBK1 were restored to WT or near-WT levels (Fig. 3, G and H).
Role of mtDNA escape in cGAS-STING activation in VPS13CKO HeLa cells
Because mtDNA is a ligand for cGAS and hence an activator of STING (West et al., 2015), and mutations in the single yeast Vps13 protein result in escape of mtDNA (Thorsness and Fox, 1993), we considered the possible role of mtDNA leakage in the activation of STING observed in VPS13CKO cells. While VPS13C localization does not suggest a direct impact of this protein on mitochondrial function, recent studies have revealed that alteration of lysosome function can indirectly impact mitochondria (Hughes et al., 2020; Kim et al., 2021; Yambire et al., 2019). Moreover, mitochondrial defects were reported in Cos7 cells upon siRNA-mediated VPS13C knockdown (Lesage et al., 2016). To assess whether STING activation in VPS13CKO cells was dependent on mtDNA, we treated VPS13CKO cells with ethidium bromide (EtBr) for 72 h to deplete mtDNA (Khozhukhar et al., 2018). The efficacy of this treatment was verified by qPCR of the D-loop region of mtDNA, which demonstrated a >97% depletion in mtDNA levels (Fig. S3 A). Depletion of mtDNA in VPS13CKO cells reversed both the elevated expression of ISGs and the increased levels of phospho-STING and phospho-TBK1 (Fig. 4, A and B).
To determine whether excess mtDNA is present in the cytosol in VPS13CKO cells, we isolated a cytosolic fraction by centrifugation and quantified levels of three different mtDNA transcripts by qPCR. We observed a two–fourfold increase in mtDNA (Fig. 4 C) in the cytosolic fractions of VPS13CKO cells, in which absence of mitochondria was documented by IB for the mitochondrial marker HSP60 (Fig. S3 B). We detected no gross differences in either mitochondrial morphology or mtDNA nucleoid distribution in VPS13CKO cells by immunofluorescence (Fig. S3 C). Together, these results demonstrate that increased cytosolic mtDNA is the primary cause of cGAS-STING activation in VPS13CKO HeLa cells.
Steady-state change in the localization of STING in VPS13CKO HeLa cells
The cGAMP-dependent oligomerization of STING leading to its activation also triggers its transport from the ER via the Golgi complex to lysosomes, where it is degraded leading to termination of signaling (Gonugunta et al., 2017; Gui et al., 2019). Thus, we tested whether the constitutive activation of STING observed in VPS13CKO cells is accompanied by a change in its steady-state localization. As transient transfection, which involves acute introduction of plasmid DNA, can activate cGAS-STING, we generated cell lines stably expressing STING-GFP in control and VPS13CKO HeLa cells via retroviral transduction. STING-GFP expression was similar in control and VPS13CKO cells (Fig. S4 A), and phospho-STING (Ser366) and phospho-TBK1 (Ser172) remained elevated in the VPS13CKO cells (Fig. S4, B and C). In WT cells, STING-GFP was almost exclusively localized to the ER, as expected (Fig. 5, A and B). Treatment with cGAMP, the product of cGAS that binds to STING, caused STING to concentrate in a Golgi complex–like pattern within 15 min and then to disperse throughout the cells as punctate structures, previously shown to overlap in part with lysosomes over the next 6 h (Fig. 5 A and Video 1; Gui et al., 2019). In contrast, in VPS13CKO cells (not exposed to exogenous cGAMP), STING-GFP already had a predominantly punctate localization (Fig. 5, B and C) similar to the localization of STING-GFP in WT cells 12 h after cGAMP stimulation (Fig. 5, D and E).
We complemented these localization studies with biochemical experiments. In WT cells, addition of herring testes (HT)-DNA to activate cGAS (Fig. S4 D), or of cGAMP to directly activate STING (Fig. 5 F), resulted in the appearance of the upper STING band (the phosphorylated form) and increased levels of phospho-TBK1, but also in the degradation of total STING over time, as reported (Gonugunta et al., 2017; Gui et al., 2019). After 24 h, total levels of STING were reduced to 25% (for HT-DNA; Fig. S4, D and E) and 30% (for cGAMP; Fig. 5, F and G) of baseline, and phospho-TBK1 also returned toward baseline (Fig. 5, F and G). In contrast, in VPS13CKO cells both phospho-TBK1 and phospho-STING were already elevated at baseline (total STING was also elevated), and addition of cGAMP did not promote degradation of these proteins (Fig. 5, F and G). These differences from WT were rescued in the VPS13CRescue cells, where the VPS13C mutation had been repaired (Fig. 5, H and I). Collectively, these findings, i.e., elevated levels of both total STING and phospho-STING, and lack of its responsiveness to stimulation, raised the questions of whether the cGAS-STING pathway could still be activated by exogenous cGAMP in VPS13CKO cells and whether degradation of STING might also be impaired.
Silencing of cGAS unmasks cGAMP responsiveness of VPS13CKO HeLa cells and reveals impaired STING degradation
To determine whether VPS13CKO cells can still respond to cGAMP, they were treated with siRNA against cGAS (with scrambled siRNA as a control), to suppress basal STING activation. cGAS knockdown reverted STING-GFP to an ER localization (Fig. 6, A and C), similar to untreated WT cells, while scrambled siRNA had no effect (Fig. 6, A and B).
Biochemical experiments confirmed the restoration of responsiveness to cGAMP of VPS13CKO cells. Both phospho-TBK1 (Fig. 6, F and G), and phospho-STING (Fig. S4 G), (also reflected by the upper total STING band [Fig. 6 D]) returned to unstimulated WT levels after treatment with anti-cGAS siRNA (full blot in Fig. S4 F). Upon addition of cGAMP, we observed only a very modest reduction of total STING levels at 24 h in VPS13CKO cells compared with significant STING degradation in WT cells, suggesting a bona fide defect in STING degradation (Fig. 6, D and E). Furthermore, phospho-TBK1 (Fig. 6, F and G) and phospho-STING (Fig. S4 G) remained elevated in VPS13CKO cells at 24 h, in agreement with sustained STING signaling.
The defect in STING degradation did not reflect an overall defect in protein degradation in lysosomes, as we found no difference in the kinetics of EGFR degradation in response to EGF stimulation between VPS13CKO and WT cells (Fig. S4, H and I). Likewise, we found no difference in LC3 degradation after induction of macro autophagy by starving cells in EBSS (Fig. S4 J). Interestingly, the ratio of lipidated LC3-II to LC3-I under basal conditions was increased in the VPS13CKO cells (Fig. S4 J), consistent with the reported property of activated STING to induce LC3 lipidation (Fischer et al., 2020; Gui et al., 2019).
Vps13c−/− mice do not demonstrate motor phenotypes or STING activation
To investigate VPS13C biology in a model animal system we used Vps13c−/− mice. Since VPS13C-associated PD is autosomal recessive, we used either WT (Vps13cWT) or heterozygous (Vps13c+/−) animals as controls. We did not observe any obvious motor phenotypes, including hindlimb clasping, in the Vps13c−/− mice up to 2 yr of age, nor did we observe any effect on lifespan. We assessed for motor phenotypes that had shown differences in other PD mouse models (Cao et al., 2017; Vidyadhara et al., 2022). Balance beam testing at 6 mo of age showed no difference between Vps13c−/− mice and heterozygous controls (Fig. S5 A). Neither Vps13c−/− mice nor heterozygous controls were able to complete the balance beam assay at 18 mo old, so we assessed them by Rotarod. Surprisingly, when subjected to Rotarod testing at 18 mo of age Vps13c−/− mice actually performed better than Vps13c+/− controls (Fig. S5 B). One possible explanation for this unexpected finding is that the Vps13c−/− mice weighed significantly less than their heterozygous counterparts (Fig. S5 C), a finding which is itself of interest given that VPS13C has been shown to be associated with lipid droplets, adipogenesis, and lipolysis by multiple groups (Kumar et al., 2018; Ramseyer et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2016).
In accordance with a lack of motor phenotype, we detected no evidence of ISG upregulation using qPCR or STING/TBK1 phosphorylation by IB in mouse brain lysates from 1-yr-old Vps13c−/− mice compared with WT controls (Fig. S5, D and E). We also did not detect differences in STING, TBK1, or IRF3 phosphorylation in BMDMs from Vps13c−/− or WT mice, either under basal conditions or after cGAMP treatment (Fig. S5 F), nor did we detect differences in STING or TBK1 phosphorylation levels in fibroblasts derived from Vps13c−/− or WT animals (Fig. S5 G).
Our results support a role of VPS13C in regulating lysosome function and show that cellular perturbations produced by the absence of VPS13C in HeLa cells result in activation of the cGAS-STING pathway. Such activation is of special interest, because VPS13C is a PD gene, and aberrant activation the cGAS-STING pathway has been implicated in PD pathogenesis (Sliter et al., 2018).
We have previously shown colocalization of VPS13C at the interface between the ER and organelles positive for Rab7, a marker of late endosomes and lysosomes. Moreover, VPS13C was identified in a screen for Rab7 effectors (Gillingham et al., 2019). Our present finding that dominant-negative Rab7 completely blocks VPS13C recruitment to lysosomes proves its major role in controlling VPS13C localization. Importantly, we show that absence of VPS13C results in alterations in lysosome homeostasis, as demonstrated by an increase in the levels of lysosome markers and by alterations of the lipid composition of purified lysosomal fractions. Increases were observed in PC, PI, PS, and SM, with decreases in ether-linked phospholipids (PC-O and PE-O) and in the majority of species of BMP, a class of lipids characteristic of multivesicular bodies and lysosomes (Gruenberg, 2020). Whether these changes are directly or indirectly related to the property of VPS13C to transport lipids remains to be explored, as do the functional implications of these changes. Of note, however, was the robust and highly specific accumulation of di-22:6-BMP in both lysosomes and total cell lysates, in spite of the overall reduction of BMP, as a specific increase in urinary di-22:6-BMP was reported to be a marker of LRRK2 G2019S mutation status (Alcalay et al., 2020). Like the absence of VPS13C, the LRRK2 G2019S mutation increases PD risk (West et al., 2005). It will be interesting to determine whether elevated di-22:6-BMP is causally linked to PD pathogenesis or is simply a marker of more general lysosome dysfunction.
Our finding that the cGAS-STING signaling pathway is activated in VPS13CKO HeLa cells adds to evidence for a potential involvement of this pathway in PD pathogenesis, as first suggested by studies of PINK1 and Parkin mouse models (Sliter et al., 2018). We were somewhat surprised to see robust STING signaling in our HeLa cells, as it was previously reported that the STING pathway in HeLa cells is subject to significant oncogene suppression (Lau et al., 2015). However, we found that in even in our control HeLa cells, from which the VPS13C clones were derived, STING could be activated in response to either cGAMP (Fig. 5, A, F, G, and H) or HT-DNA (Fig. S4 D). We cannot fully discount that the phenotypes we observe in our HeLa cells are influenced to some degree by accompanying changes in oncogene expression or activity. Yet, our rescue of the STING VPS13C KO phenotypes by repair of the VPS13C mutation clearly shows their dependence on VPS13C. So far, we have not observed STING activation in tissues of Vps13c−/− mice; however these mice also do not show obvious neurological deficit and thus may not constitute a useful model for human VPS13C-associated PD. We also note that even in the case of PINK1/Parkin-KO mice (Sliter et al., 2018) the mice required additional perturbation from either exhaustive exercise or additional mtDNA mutation burden to manifest STING activation/inflammation. The role of activation of this pathway in PD, and more generally in neurodegenerative diseases, is an area of intense investigation (McCauley et al., 2020; Sliter et al., 2018; Weindel et al., 2020; Yu et al., 2020).
Our results in HeLa cells suggest that the increase of STING signaling may result both from a leakage of mtDNA, which in turn would activate cGAS and thus generation of the STING ligand cGAMP, and from a delayed degradation of activated STING in VPS13CKO cells. The mechanisms underlying this delayed degradation remain elusive. Presumably, STING must remain facing the cytosol (and not be internalized in the lysosomal lumen) to continue activating TBK1 and IRF3. A defective or incomplete fusion of STING-positive vesicles with late endosomes/lysosomes or a defect in the incorporation of STING into intraluminal vesicles of late endosomes are potential mechanisms. We speculate that alterations to the lysosomal lipidome may be responsible for these defects. Interestingly, defective lysosomal degradation of activated STING, leading to higher levels of innate immune signaling, was reported in cells deficient in C9orf72, another neurodegeneration gene associated with lysosomes (McCauley et al., 2020).
An attractive unifying scenario is that alteration of lysosome function is the most proximal consequence of VPS13C depletion, and that such alteration is upstream of mitochondrial dysfunction and STING activation in our cell model system. More specifically, defective lysosomal function may be the primary event leading to mtDNA leakage. A similar scenario may apply to STING activation by the absence of LRRK2, another PD protein implicated in lysosome function (Bonet-Ponce et al., 2020; Weindel et al., 2020). Indeed, it is now appreciated that genetic or pharmacologic disruption of lysosome function can lead to mitochondria dysfunction in a number of contexts (Hughes et al., 2020; Kim et al., 2021; Yambire et al., 2019). This cross talk may be mediated by soluble factors (Hughes et al., 2020; Yambire et al., 2019) or by direct mitochondria lysosome contacts (Wong et al., 2018). It is also possible that leakage of mtDNA may occur during mitophagy by defective lysosomes. While mtDNA can escape directly from mitochondria into the cytosol (Riley and Tait, 2020; West and Shadel, 2017), as in the case of TFAM deficiency (West et al., 2015) or TDP-43 mutations (Yu et al., 2020), it may also escape during the process of mitophagy/autophagy (Gkirtzimanaki et al., 2018; Oka et al., 2012).
In conclusion, we have shown that in a model human cell line, the absence of VPS13C results in late-endosome/lysosomal defects, as had been predicted by the localization of VPS13C at contacts between the ER and lysosomes and by the proposed role of VPS13C in mediating lipid exchange between these two organelles (Kumar et al., 2018; Leonzino et al., 2021). We have further discovered that these defects correlate with abnormally elevated STING signaling, most likely due to direct and indirect effects of the perturbation of lysosome function. An important question for future studies will be to determine the relevance of these findings in other model systems for PD pathophysiology, as they are not replicated in tissues of VPS13CKO mice under basal conditions. Nonetheless, evidence in a model cell line of a link between loss-of-function of the PD gene VPS13C, lysosomal BMP biology, and the cGAS-STING pathway constitutes an intriguing new finding in the cell biology of PD.
Materials and methods
A plasmid containing codon-optimized cDNA encoding human VPS13C, with a Halo protein flanked by SacII restriction enzyme sites after amino acid residue 1,914, was generated by and purchased from GenScript Biotech. mCherry-Rab7a was obtained from Addgene (RRID:Addgene_61804). mCherry-Rab7aQ67L and mCherry Rab7aT22N were generated in our lab as previously reported (Guillen-Samander et al., 2019). Lamp1-mGFP was obtained from Addgene (RRID:Addgene_34831). GFP-VPS13Cβprop was generated in our lab as previously described (Kumar et al., 2018). TFEB-GFP was generated in the Ferguson lab as previously described (Roczniak-Ferguson et al., 2012; RRID:Addgene_38119). For CRISPR-mediated gene editing, candidate gRNAs against the human VPS13C genomic locus were identified using Benchling. gRNAs were ordered as complementary single-stranded oligonucleotides from Integrated DNA Technologies and then cloned into the PX459 plasmid (plasmid #62988; Addgene) using a one-step ligation protocol (Ran et al., 2013), and gRNAs were sequence verified using the U6 forward promoter. For CRISPR repair of the mutated VPS13C locus, gRNA was ordered (Integrated DNA Technologies) that incorporated a single nucleotide insertion present in one VPS13C allele in both of the VPS13CKO clones. This was again cloned into the PX459 plasmid (RRID:Addgene_62988) using a one-step ligation protocol (Ran et al., 2013). To generate pMX-STING-GFP, STING-V1 plasmid was obtained from Addgene (RRID:Addgene_124262), and the STING coding sequence was amplified by PCR and ligated into pEGFP-N1 by using XhoI and SacII restriction sites. The STING-GFP coding sequence was then cut from the pEGFP-N1 backbone and ligated into a pMXs-IRES-Blasticidin Retroviral Vector backbone (RTV-016; Cell Biolabs) using XhoI and NotI restriction sites. Oligonucleotides used in this study are listed in Table S1. All oligonucleotides were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies.
Primary antibodies used: mouse α-tubulin (cat# T5168, RRID:AB_477579; Sigma-Aldrich), rabbit calnexin (cat# ADI-SPA-860-D, RRID:AB_2038898; Enzo Life Sciences), rabbit cathepsin D (cat# ab75852, RRID:AB_1523267; Abcam), rabbit CGAS (cat# 66546, RRID:AB_2799712; Cell Signaling Technology), mouse DNA (cat# CBL186, RRID:AB_9336; Millipore), rabbit EEA1 (cat#, PA1-063A, RRID:AB_2096819; Thermo Fisher Scientific), mouse GAPDH (cat# ADI-CSA-335, RRID:AB_10617247; Enzo Life Sciences), mouse GM130 (cat# 610822, RRID:AB_398141; BD Biosciences), rabbit HSP60 (cat# 12165, RRID:AB_2636980; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit IRF3 (cat# 4302, RRID:AB_1904036; Cell Signaling Technology), mouse LAMP1 (cat# h4a3, RRID:AB_2296838; DSHB), rabbit Phospho-IRF3 (S396; cat# 4947, RRID:AB_823547; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit Phospho-STING (S366; cat# 19781, RRID:AB_2737062; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit Phospho-STING (S365; cat# 72971, RRID:AB_2799831; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit Phospho-TBK1 (S172; cat# 14590, RRID:AB_2798527; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit Rab7 (cat# 9367, RRID:AB_1904103; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit STING (cat# 80231, RRID:AB_2799947; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit TFEB (cat# 4240, RRID:AB_11220225; Cell Signaling Technology), rabbit TBK1 (cat# 3504, RRID:AB_2255663; Cell Signaling Technology), and rabbit VPS13C (custom, Proteintech).
Cell culture and transfection
HeLa-M cells were cultured at 37°C in 5% CO2 and DMEM containing 10% FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 mg/ml streptomycin, and 2 mM L-glutamine (all from Gibco). For live-cell imaging experiments, cells were seeded on glass-bottomed dishes (MatTek) at a concentration of 35,000 cells per dish and transfected after 24 h using FuGene HD (Promega). For biochemical experiments, cells were plated at such a density as to be ∼90% confluent at the time of lysis. Transfection of siRNA was accomplished using Lipofectamine RNAiMax (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Introduction of cGAMP was accomplished using Lipofectamine RNAiMax (Thermo Fisher Scientific) as previously reported (Swanson et al., 2017). Transfection of HT-DNA was accomplished using Lipofectamine 2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Plat-A cells for retroviral packaging were cultured at 37°C in 5% CO2 and DMEM containing 10% FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 mg/ml streptomycin, 2 mM L-glutamine, 1 μg/ml puromycin, and 10 μg/ml blasticidin.
For the i3Neuron cultures, we used an established WTC-11 human iPSC line (provided by Michael Ward, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD) engineered to harbor a doxycycline-inducible NGN2 transgene expressed at the AAVS1 safe harbor locus to facilitate efficient differentiation into neurons (i3Neurons) with properties of layer 2/3 cortical glutamatergic pyramidal cells (Fernandopulle et al., 2018; Wang et al., 2017). Briefly, these iPSCs were grown on Matrigel-coated dishes in E8 media (Life Technologies). The protocol for differentiation into i3Neurons is described in detail by Fernandopulle et al. (2018) and has been used previously by our lab (Gowrishankar et al., 2021). A detailed protocol for HeLa cell cultures and transfections can be accessed on protocols.io at dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.36wgq41j3vk5/v1.
Generation of stable STING-GFP cells using retrovirus
For retroviral packaging, 5 × 106 Plat-A cells (Cell Biolabs) were plated on a 10-cm plate in media without antibiotics. The following day, cells were transfected with 9 µg of pMX-STING-GFP using Fugene HD (Promega). Retroviral supernatant was collected 72 h after transfection, supplemented with Polybrene (8 μg/ml), and passed through a 0.22-μm filter to remove cellular debris before being added to WT and VPS13CKO HeLa cells. After 24 h, retroviral supernatant was removed and replaced with fresh complete DMEM. After an additional 24 h, HeLa cells were FACS sorted to enrich for GFP-positive cells. A detailed protocol can be accessed on protocols.io at dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.5jyl85xp7l2w/v1.
Generation of CRISPR-KO and CRISPR-knock-in rescue cell lines
Early-passage HeLa-M cells were transfected with 1.5 µg of PX459 plasmid (plasmid #62988; Addgene) containing a sgRNA against VPS13C using Lipofectamine 2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific). At 24 h after transfection, cells were selected in complete DMEM containing 2 μg/ml puromycin. At 48 and 72 h after transfection, medium was replaced with fresh puromycin-containing medium. After 3 d of puromycin selection, single clones were obtained using serial dilution and then screened by IB. Two clonal cell lines lacking VPS13C by IB were selected. Genomic DNA was extracted using a DNAeasy kit (Qiagen), and an ∼500-bp portion around the predicted CRISPR cut site was amplified by PCR and purified by NucleoSpin Gel and PCR Clean-up kit (Macherey-Nagel). This fragment was then ligated into an EGFP-N1 vector using Xho1 and Apa1 restriction sites and transformed into DH5-α–competent cells. After plating the transformation mix onto agar plates, >48 bacterial colonies per clone were submitted for Sanger sequencing to maximize the probability of sequencing all alleles. Frameshift mutations leading to premature stop codons were identified by Sanger sequencing.
To rescue VPS13C expression, we used CRISPR-mediated homology directed repair (HDR) using a single-stranded oligonucleotide DNA nucleotide (ssODN) as previously described (Okamoto et al., 2019). Briefly, a gRNA was synthesized that incorporated a single nucleotide insertion present in one VPS13C allele in both of the VPS13CKO clones. An ssODN corresponding to the WT VPS13C sequence flanking the insertion was generated. Both VPS13CKO clones were transfected with 1 μg of PX459 plasmid containing the gRNA against the mutant VPS13C allele and 100 pmol of ssODN. Puromycin selection and single clone selection were performed as above, and rescue of protein expression was confirmed by IB.
For CRISPR-Cas9–mediated gene editing of iPSCs, cells were harvested using accutase (Corning), and 1.5 million cells were resuspended in Mirus nucleofector solution and electroporated with 5 µg of PX458 plasmid (RRID:Addgene_48138) containing a gRNA targeted against the VPS13C gene using an Amaxa 2D nucleofector. Electroporated cells were then plated into one well of a 24-well plate, and GFP-positive cells were selected by FACS after 24 h. Cells were once again plated communally after sorting and serially diluted 72 h later to yield clonal populations for screening. Colonies were selected and screened using Western blot, followed by genomic sequencing of the VPS13C locus to confirm biallelic mutation. Detailed protocols for the creation of KO and rescue cell lines using CRISPR-Cas9 can be accessed on protocols.io at dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.eq2lynx5wvx9/v1.
Before imaging, growth medium was removed and replaced with live-cell imaging solution (Life Technologies). All live-cell imaging was performed at 37°C in 5% CO2. Imaging was performed using an Andor Dragonfly spinning-disk confocal microscope equipped with a Plan Apochromat objective (63×, 1.4 NA, oil) and a Zyla scientific CMOS camera and acquired using Fusion software. For lysotracker experiments, cells were incubated in 50 nM LysoTracker Red DND-99 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) in complete DMEM for 30 min, washed twice with medium, and then imaged in live-cell imaging solution. A detailed protocol can be accessed on protocols.io at dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.36wgq41j3vk5/v1.
WT and VPS13CKO HeLa cells were plated on glass coverslips and fixed in a prewarmed (37°C) solution of 4% PFA in PBS for 15 min at room temperature, permeabilized with 0.1% (vol/vol) Triton X-100 in PBS for 10 min at room temperature, and blocked using filtered PBS containing 1% (wt/vol) BSA for 1 h at room temperature. Coverslips were then incubated with antibodies against DNA (CBL186, 1:150; EMD Millipore) and HSP60 (12165S, 1:1,000; CST) and diluted in filtered PBS containing 1% BSA at 4°C overnight, followed by 3× 5-min washes in PBS. Secondary antibodies (1:1,000, Alexa Fluor 488 and 555; Invitrogen) were incubated in PBS containing 1% BSA for 1 h at room temperature and removed by 3× 5-min washes in PBS. Finally, coverslips were mounted onto slides using ProLong Gold Antifade Mountant with DAPI (P36935; Thermo Fisher Scientific) and allowed to cure overnight at room temperature before imaging. A detailed protocol for immunofluorescent staining can be accessed on protocols.io at dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.14egn741mv5d/v1.
Image processing and analysis
Fluorescence images were processed using Fiji software (v2.0.0-rc-69/1.52i, https://fiji.sc, RRID:SCR_002285). For quantification of lysotracker images (Fig. 1 E), cells were outlined manually, and their average fluorescence intensity was measured. Intensities were then normalized such that the average intensity of the WT cells was 1. For quantification of TFEB-GFP nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio (Fig. S1 D), masks were drawn manually around the border, and nucleis of individual cells and mean intensities were measured. For quantification of stable STING-GFP cells, cells with a reticular ER or vesicular pattern were counted manually, and the percentage of cells with punctate STING-GFP distribution was calculated.
Cultured cells were lysed on ice by repeat pipetting in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer (150 mM NaCl, 10 mM Tris, 0.5 mM EDTA, and 0.5% NP-40) supplemented with Protease Inhibitor Cocktail (Roche) and PhosStop phosphatase inhibitor (Roche). Mouse tissue samples were submerged in ice cold RIPA buffer supplemented with Protease Inhibitor Cocktail and PhosStop phosphatase inhibitor and homogenized using Potter-Elvehjem homogenizers, followed by repeat pipetting. Samples were then centrifuged at 15,000 g for 10 min at 4°C, and the postnuclear supernatant was collected. Total protein content was then measured by Pierce BCA assay (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Samples were prepared for IB at equal protein concentrations in 3× Laemmli buffer (188 mM Tris-HCl, 3% SDS, 30% glycerol, 0.01% bromophenol blue, and 15% β-mercaptoethanol) and denatured at 95°C for 5 min. Proteins were separated on Mini PROTEAN TGX 4–20% Tris-glycine gels (Bio-Rad) before transfer to nitrocellulose membranes at 4°C for 1 h at 120 V in transfer buffer containing 25 mM Tris, 192 mM glycine, and 20% methanol in milliQ water. Total protein was visualized using Ponceau stain and blocked in 5% milk in TBS containing 0.1% Tween-20 (TBST) for 1 h. Membranes were then incubated with primary antibodies in 2.5% milk in TBST overnight at 4°C. The next day, membranes were washed 3× in TBST and then incubated with secondary antibodies conjugated to IRdye 800CW or IRdye 680CW (1:10,000; Licor) in 2.5% milk in TBST at 22°C for 1 h, washed 3× with TBST and 3× with TBS, and then imaged using a Licor Odyssey Infrared Imager.
For VPS13C IB, postnuclear supernatant was collected as above. Samples for IB were prepared using NuPAGE LDS Sample Buffer and Reducing Agent (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and incubated for 10 min at 70°C. Proteins samples were separated on NuPage Tris-Acetate 3–8% gels and then transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes at 4°C overnight at 0.5 mA in NuPAGE transfer buffer containing 20% methanol. Membranes were blocked as above and incubated with primary antibody against VPS13C (custom, 1:400; Proteintech) in 2.5% milk in TBST for 2 h at 22°C. Membranes were incubated with secondary antibodies, washed, and imaged as above. A detailed protocol can be accessed on protocols.io at dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bp2l6be9zgqe/v1.
Synthesis of colloidal dextran-conjugated SPIONs
SPIONs were synthesized according to the following protocol: 10 ml of aqueous 1.2 M FeCl2 and 10 ml of 1.8 M FeCl3 were combined in a 500-ml glass beaker with magnetic stirring, followed by slow addition of 10 ml of 30% NH4OH. This mixture was stirred for 5 min; during that time, a dark brown sludge formed. The beaker was then placed on a strong magnet to allow the particles to migrate toward the magnet. The supernatant was removed, and the particles were resuspended in 100 ml water, followed by repeated separation on the magnet. This step was repeated two more times. Particles were then resuspended in 80 ml of 0.3 M HCl and stirred for 30 min, followed by the addition of 4 g of dextran and another 30 min of stirring. Particles were transferred into dialysis bags and dialyzed for 48 h in milliQ water with water changes approximately every 12 h. The resulting mixture was then centrifuged at 19,000 g for 15 min to remove large aggregates. Supernatant containing nanoparticles was stored at 4°C. Detailed protocols for synthesis of SPIONs can be accessed on protocols.io at dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.eq2lyn69pvx9/v1.
Purification of lysosomes with dextran-conjugated SPIONs
WT and VPS13CKO HeLa cells were plated on 4 × 15-cm plates at 3.5 × 106 cells per dish. The next day, the culture medium (DMEM) was exchanged for fresh DMEM containing 10 mM Hepes and 10% SPION solution by volume for 4 h (pulse). The medium was then changed back to fresh DMEM, and after 15 h (chase), the cells were washed twice with PBS and then scraped into 5 ml of PBS on ice. Cells were then centrifuged at 1,000 rpm for 10 min at 4°C. PBS was removed, and the cell pellet was resuspended in 3 ml homogenization buffer (HB; 5 mM Tris, 250 mM sucrose, and 1 mM EGTA, pH 7.4) supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche) immediately before use and passed through a manual cell homogenizer (Isobiotec; 10 cycles, 10-µm clearance) to generate a total cell lysate. The lysate was centrifuged at 800 g for 10 min at 4°C, and the supernatant was loaded onto a magnetic LS column (Miltenyi Biotec) pre-equilibrated with 1 ml of HB. The column was washed with 5 ml HB, removed from the magnetic rack, and eluted with three successive aliquots of 1 ml HB forced through with positive pressure. The eluate was then centrifuged at 55,000 rpm for 1 h at 4°C to pellet the lysosome fraction, and the resulting pellet was resuspended in 200 µl of MS-grade water (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and flash frozen. Fluorescence images of nanoparticles were obtained using FluoreMAG A ferrofluid (Liquids Research) with a 4-h pulse and 15-h chase. Detailed protocols for the purification of lysosomes with dextran-conjugated SPIONs can be accessed on protocols.io at dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bp2l61dr1vqe/v1.
Lipid extraction for MS lipidomics
MS-based lipid analysis was performed by Lipotype as described (Sampaio et al., 2011). Lipids were extracted using a two-step chloroform/methanol procedure (Ejsing et al., 2009). Samples were spiked with an internal lipid standard mixture containing: cardiolipin 16:1/15:0/15:0/15:0 (CL), ceramide 18:1;2/17:0 (Cer), diacylglycerol 17:0/17:0 (DAG), hexosylceramide 18:1;2/12:0 (HexCer), lyso-phosphatidate 17:0 (LPA), lyso-phosphatidylcholine 12:0 (LPC), lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine 17:1 (LPE), lyso-phosphatidylglycerol 17:1 (LPG), lyso-phosphatidylinositol 17:1 (LPI), lyso-phosphatidylserine 17:1 (LPS), phosphatidate 17:0/17:0 (PA), phosphatidylcholine 17:0/17:0 (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine 17:0/17:0 (PE), phosphatidylglycerol 17:0/17:0 (PG), phosphatidylinositol 16:0/16:0 (PI), phosphatidylserine 17:0/17:0 (PS), cholesterol ester 20:0 (CE), sphingomyelin 18:1;2/12:0;0 (SM), and triacylglycerol 17:0/17:0/17:0 (TAG). After extraction, the organic phase was transferred to an infusion plate and dried in a speed vacuum concentrator. The first-step dry extract was resuspended in 7.5 mM ammonium acetate in chloroform/methanol/propanol (1:2:4, vol/vol/vol), and the second-step dry extract, in a 33% ethanol solution of methylamine in chloroform/methanol (0.003:5:1; vol/vol/vol). All liquid handling steps were performed using Hamilton Robotics STARlet robotic platform with the Anti Droplet Control feature for organic solvents pipetting.
MS data acquisition
Samples were analyzed by direct infusion on a QExactive mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) equipped with a TriVersa NanoMate ion source (Advion Biosciences). Samples were analyzed in both positive and negative ion modes with a resolution of Rm/z=200 = 280,000 for MS and Rm/z=200 = 17,500 for MSMS experiments, in a single acquisition. MSMS was triggered by an inclusion list encompassing corresponding MS mass ranges scanned in 1-dalton increments (Surma et al., 2015). Both MS and MSMS data were combined to monitor CE, DAG, and TAG ions as ammonium adducts; PC and PC O- as acetate adducts; and CL, PA, PE, PE O-, PG, PI, and PS as deprotonated anions. MS only was used to monitor LPA, LPE, LPE O-, LPI, and LPS as deprotonated anions and Cer, HexCer, SM, LPC, and LPC O- as acetate adducts.
Data analysis and postprocessing
Data were analyzed by Lipotype with in-house-developed lipid identification software based on LipidXplorer (Herzog et al., 2012; Herzog et al., 2011). Data postprocessing and normalization were performed using an in-house-developed data management system. Only lipid identifications with a signal-to-noise ratio >5 and signal intensity fivefold higher than in corresponding blank samples were considered for further data analysis. Lipidomics datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6416363.
Measurement of di-22:6-BMP and di-18:1-BMP
Targeted high-resolution UPLC-MS/MS was used to accurately quantitate total di-22:6-BMP (the sum of its three isoforms). Total di-18:1-BMP was measured as well. Quantitation was performed by Nextcea using authentic di-22:6-BMP and di-18:1-BMP reference standards. Di-14:0-BMP was used as an internal standard.
Depletion of mtDNA
HeLa cells were treated with 2 μg/ml EtBr in DMEM for 8 d. Medium was replaced every 2 d, and cells were passaged on day 4. On day 8, cells were lysed, and total DNA, RNA, and protein were collected. Depletion of mtDNA and levels of ISG transcripts were assayed using qPCR as described below. Detailed protocols for depletion of mtDNA can be accessed on protocols.io at dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.rm7vzy6e5lx1/v1.
RNA from cultured cells was extracted using the RNeasy Plus Micro RNA extraction kit followed by reverse transcription using iScript cDNA synthesis Kit (Bio-Rad). RNA from mouse brain tissue was extracted using TRIzol reagent and an RNeasy Lipid Tissue Mini kit according to commercial protocol. Equal amounts of DNA and corresponding primers (Table S1) were used for qPCR using SYBR Green Master Mix. For each biological sample, two technical replicates were performed. Mean values were normalized against the β-actin threshold cycle (Ct) value to calculate ΔCt. The ΔCt of each sample was compared to the ΔCt of the WT sample to generate the ΔΔCt value. Relative expression was then analyzed using the 2−ΔΔCt method, and the relative fold-change was plotted with the WT samples given a value of 1. To quantify mtDNA, DNA was extracted from total cell lysate and cytosolic fractions using DNeasy kit (Qiagen). DNA samples were each diluted 1:10, and corresponding primers (Table S1) were used for qPCR using SYBR Green Master Mix. Two technical replicates were performed for each biological sample, and mean Ct values of mtDNA amplicons form cytosolic fractions were normalized against the corresponding total cell lysate hB2M (nuclear DNA control) Ct value. Relative copy number was determined by the 2−ΔΔCt method, and the WT mtDNA abundance was given a value of 1. A detailed protocol for qPCR can be accessed on protocols.io at dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.14egnz12qg5d/v1.
Fractionation of cytosol by centrifugation
Cytoplasmic buffer (CB; 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM Hepes, and 1 mg/ml digitonin, pH 7.4) and lysis buffer (CB + 1% SDS supplemented with Protease Inhibitor Cocktail [Roche]) were prepared. HeLa cells were plated in 15-cm plates, 3.5 × 106 per plate. After 24 h, cells were trypsinized and centrifuged at 1,500 rpm for 5 min at 22°C. Cells were resuspended in PBS and counted. For each genotype, 5 × 106 cells were collected and centrifuged at 1,500 rpm for 5 min at 22°C. Cells were resuspended in 1 ml PBS, and 50 µl was transferred to a prechilled Eppendorf tube (WCE) and kept on ice. The remaining 950 µl was transferred to a prechilled Eppendorf tube and centrifuged at 4,500 RPM for 5 min at 4°C. The supernatant was removed, and the cells were resuspended in CB and rotated for 10 min at 4°C. Sample was centrifuged at 980 g for 3 min at 4°C. The supernatant was transferred to a new Eppendorf, and the pellet was flash frozen for analysis. The supernatant was centrifuged at 17,000 g for 10 min at 4°C. The supernatant was again collected. DNA was collected from these samples using a DNeasy kit (Qiagen). A detailed protocol can be accessed on protocols.io at dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.14egnz12yg5d/v1.
All animal studies were conducted in compliance with guidelines from the US Department of Health and Human Services Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals under Yale Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee protocol 2021_07422. Cryopreserved sperm from Vps13ctm1a mice was obtained from the European Mutant Mouse Archive (http://www.informatics.jax.org/allele/MGI:5548822) and sequentially bred with FLP recombinase and β-actin-Cre transgenic mice to generate the Vps13ctm1d (Vps13c−/−) allele. Loss of function of Vps13c was confirmed both at the genome level by Sanger sequencing using Transnetyx and at the protein level by IB. For protein and RNA extraction, mice were euthanized in a CO2 chamber, and brains were dissected and placed immediately on ice before being processed as described in the IB and qPCR sections.
Balance beam assay
Mice were placed on one end of a 50 × 1-cm narrow cylindrical dowel suspended 20 cm above a padded surface. On the other end of the beam was placed a box containing bedding material from each mouse’s cage. The time which each animal took to traverse the beam the first time was recorded, as was the total number of runs each mouse was able to perform in 1 min. A detailed protocol for the balance beam assay can be accessed on protocols.io at dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.bp2l618edvqe/v1.
Mice were placed on a four-lane Rotarod apparatus (Columbus Instruments), which increased in speed from 4 to 40 rpm over 5 min. The length of time before falling was recorded for each animal. At total of four trials were conducted per animal, and the results were averaged. A detailed protocol for the Rotarod assay can be accessed on protocols.io at dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.j8nlkkd1dl5r/v1.
BMDM isolation and culture
For BMDM isolation, 11–12-wk-old male WT and Vps13c−/− mice were euthanized in a CO2 chamber. Femurs were collected, and bone marrow cavities were flushed with 5 ml ice-cold PBS. After centrifugation to collect bone marrow cells, the pellet was resuspended and plated onto plastic Petri dishes, and cells were differentiated for 6 d in the culture medium containing DMEMF12 (Gibco) base medium, 20% FBS (Gibco), 20% L929 conditioned medium, 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Gibco), and 1% glutaMAX (Gibco).
Mouse fibroblast isolation and culture
P0 pups from a Vps13c+/−/Vps13c+/− breeding pair were collected and decapitated, and a piece of the tail was collected for genotyping. The bodies were soaked in 70% ethanol and washed with sterile PBS. The skin was then removed and placed in a 10-cm cell culture dish using a pair of forceps. 2–3 ml of ice-cold 0.25% trypsin-EDTA was added to the dish, and the skin tissue was finely chopped using sterile forceps and a sterile surgical blade. Tissue was transferred to a 15-ml Falcon tube, and ice-cold 0.25% trypsin-EDTA was added to bring the total volume to 3 ml before letting the tube stand at 4°C overnight. The next morning, most of the trypsin solution was aspirated, leaving approximately two volumes of the tissue. The tube was then incubated for 30 min in a 37°C water bath. 8 ml of fibroblast culture medium (DMEM containing 10% FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin, 100 mg/ml streptomycin, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, and 100 mM β-mercaptoethanol) was added to each tube and pipetted vigorously to break up digested tissues and form a cell suspension. Larger chunks of tissue were allowed to sediment to the bottom of the tube by gravity for 1 min. The supernatant was then transferred to another tube. 7 ml fibroblast medium was re-added to the remaining tissue clumps and allowed to sediment again, and the supernatant was added to the previously collected cell suspension. The suspension was then plated in 10-cm cell culture dishes. Primary fibroblasts were expanded and frozen.
GraphPad Prism (v8.0.1, http://www.graphpad.com/, RRID:SCR_002798) was used for statistical comparison of live cell imaging, IB densitometry, qPCR, BMP measurement, and motor assays. Data distribution was assumed to be normal but was not formally tested. Two-sided Student’s t tests were used to assess significant differences between groups. Time course data were compared using two-way ANOVA followed by false discovery rate (FDR) multiple comparisons testing. Statistical analysis for lipidomic data was performed using RStudio (R v3.5.3, https://www.rstudio.com, RRID:SCR_000432). Groups were compared using Student’s t test followed by adjustment for multiple comparisons using Benjamini–Hochberg methodology to control FDR. q Values were determined using the R package “q value,” (http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/qvalue.html, RRID:SCR_001073), and a significance threshold of 0.05 was used. R codes used in this manuscript can be found at the following DOI: https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/482411370.
Online supplemental material
Fig. S1 shows supporting data for Fig. 1. Fig. S2 shows lipidomics of whole-cell and purified lysosomes. Fig. S3 shows control experiments for Fig. 4 and shows that VPS13CKO cells have normal mtDNA nucleoid morphology. Fig. S4 shows supporting data for Figs. 5 and 6 as well as EGFR and LC3 degradation. Fig. S5 shows data from Vps13c−/− mice, which do not display motor defects or STING activation. Video 1 shows changes to STING-GFP localization induced by treatment with cGAMP. Table S1 shows sequences of oligonucleotides used in this study.
We thank J.H. Park, A. Guillen-Samander, A. Iwasaki, R. Medzhitov, and J. Gruenberg for discussion; A. Guillen-Samander for critical reagents; F. Wilson and A. Dao for outstanding technical assistance; and F. Hsieh and Nextcea Inc. for MS measurement of BMP species.
This work was supported in part by National Institute of Health (NIH) grants NS36251 and DA018343 and by grant #2020-221912 from the Chan Zuckerberg initiative DAF (an advised fund of the Silicon Valley Community Foundation) to P. De Camilli, the Parkinson Foundation (PF-RCE-1946) to P. De Camilli and S.M. Ferguson, NIH GM105718 to S.M. Ferguson, and NIH R01 AR069876 and support from the AHA-Allen Initiative in Brain Health and Cognitive Impairment award 19PABH134610000 to G.S. Shadel, who also holds the Audrey Geisel Chair in Biomedical Science. W. Hancock-Cerutti was supported in part by NIH Medical Scientist Training Program Training Grant T32GM007205 and by NIH F31NS110229-01. Z. Wu was supported by the China Scholarship Counsel. The study was also funded by the joint efforts of the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research and the Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s initiative. The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research administers the grant ASAP-000580 on behalf of Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s and itself. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a CC-BY public copyright license to the Author Accepted Manuscript (AAM) version arising from this submission,
P. De Camilli serves on the scientific advisory board of Casma Therapeutics. The authors declare no further competing financial interests.
Author contributions: W. Hancock-Cerutti, S.M. Ferguson, G.S. Shadel, and P. De Camilli contributed to conceptualization and funding acquisition. W. Hancock-Cerutti, Z. Wu, P. Xu, and N. Yadavalli performed investigation and data curation, with W. Hancock-Cerutti performing the great majority of the work. W. Hancock-Cerutti and P. Xu contributed to formal analysis. M. Leonzino and A.K. Tharkeshwar contributed to methodology and resources. W. Hancock-Cerutti and P. De Camilli contributed to visualization and wrote the original draft. W. Hancock-Cerutti, Z. Wu, P. Xu, S.M. Ferguson, G.S. Shadel, and P. De Camilli contributed to validation of data and writing—review & editing.
Z. Wu’s current address is Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
M. Leonzino’s current address is CNR Institute of Neuroscience, c/o IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy. | <urn:uuid:33b46937-aa57-417b-965e-a0375b4d7911> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rupress.org/jcb/article/221/7/e202106046/213259/ER-lysosome-lipid-transfer-protein-VPS13C-PARK23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.920441 | 17,273 | 1.539063 | 2 |
What if the second hand of nature swept silently past the predestined limit-check and ignited a cataclysmic event so extreme that it exceeded the climate criers’ predictions not by just by a power of ten nor within the span of a hundred years but within a single revolution of our planet and to a degree previously incomprehensible?
What if that great caldera we call Yellowstone, erupted with a force matching geologists’ long-standing predictions and devastated the entire Western third of North American, taking with it 150,000,000 human lives and the equivalent in animals and plant life, while leaving the remainder of the Northern hemisphere beneath a stifling black cloud of volcanic ash?
What if, as a result, that gossamer-thin veil of order we call civilization were suddenly rent beyond repair and we faced the ultimate test of our beliefs?
What if the anger, resentment, and entitlement that bubbles just beneath the surface of our contemporary culture, found a fissure and spewed forth unchecked?
What if the ensuing violence were too great for law enforcement to control, assuming law enforcement even remained or cared?
What if Darwin’s “Survival of the Fittest” became “Survival of the Most Sociopathic”?
What if just keeping our families alive became our number one concern?
On the Other Hand
What if we embraced the understanding that at some undefined point in the future, the closing bell will unquestionably ring, signaling an end to our lives, our culture, and everything we cherish?
What if we therefore decided to live every remaining hour to its absolute fullest?
What if we accomplished that goal by investing in others?
What if we quit being offended by every minor difference in perspective?
What if we ceased labeling others and ourselves?
What if we just quit being afraid?
What if we began to seek the good for those with whom we disagree?
What if we remembered that just living could be fun?
What if other people caught on to what we were doing?
What if Donald Trump and Joe Biden went out for ice cream and enjoyed their time together?
What if we realized the crabby neighbor who drives an ugly car and never mows their lawn is really someone struggling with problems just like our own?
What if we began seeing our jobs as more than just a means to attain money for buying more toys and fancier vacations to help us forget how much we hate our jobs?
What if, instead, we began to see our careers as opportunities to exercise our natural aptitudes and develop meaningful, relationships while adding to the success of our organizations?
What if we began to see our fellow employees and neighbors (and maybe even our family members) as infinitely valuable individuals, fashioned in the image of a God who is there?
What if we began to actually love those people for who they are, not for what we want them to be?
What if every bit of this was neither a nightmare nor a fantasy but 100% true and 100% doable? Call me delusional. Call me a dreamer, but do so to my face and convince me why none of this can happen. I’ll buy the coffee. Just hit reply and let’s pick a time.
These guys say it better than I do. The Avert Brothers.
“Time is too slow for those who wait, too swift for those who fear, too long for those who grieve, too short for those who rejoice, but for those who love, time is eternity.”
— Henry Van Dyke
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Good Reads. Even Better Listens.
So when you read something like “Stepping Up” by John Izzo and he cites “Grit” by Angela Duckworth and you read that only to discover that she studied under Martin Seligman, someone who Warren Bennis and Henry Cloud often cite, how can you even consider not reading Seligman’s shining triumph, “Learned Optimism”? But, prepare yourself – this is a college textbook, not a positive thinking, feel good missive. On the other hand, it just might change your life!
The Road Less Traveled
M. Scott Peck
I read this book last October and got too caught up in my daily crises to add it to my list of recommendations. Someone reminded me about “The Road Less Traveled” this week and reminded me that it contains a LOT of keen observations, not the least of which is the opening statement’ “Life is difficult.” I’m currently re-listening to it at 2X speed while making notes in my printed copy. If you want to determine whether or not my upcoming quotes from this book are accurate, you’ll just have to read it in advance. | <urn:uuid:22efddc3-f8a1-45e9-ba15-2bfba05e391d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lawsoncomm.com/what-if/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.94476 | 1,069 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Effects of MitraClip Therapy on Mitral Flow Patterns and Vortex Formation: An In Vitro Study
Department of Biomedical Engineering
MitraClip transcatheter edge-to-edge repair is used to treat mitral regurgitation (MR). While MR is reduced, diastolic left ventricular flows are altered. An in vitro left heart simulator was used to assess a porcine mitral valve in the native, MR, and MR plus MitraClip cases. Velocity, vorticity, and Reynolds shear stress (RSS) were quantified by particle image velocimetry. Peak velocity increased from 1.20 m/s for native to 1.30 m/s with MR. With MitraClip, two divergent jets of 1.18 and 0.61 m/s emerged. Higher vorticity was observed with MR than native and lessened with MitraClip. MitraClip resulted in shear layer formation and downstream vortex formation. Native RSS decreased from 33 Pa in acceleration to 29 Pa at peak flow, then increased to 31 Pa with deceleration. MR RSS increased from 27 Pa in acceleration to 40 Pa at peak flow to 59 Pa during deceleration. MitraClip RSS increased from 79 Pa in acceleration to 162 Pa during peak flow, then decreased to 45 Pa during deceleration. After MitraClip, two divergent jets of reduced velocity emerged, accompanied by shear layers and recirculation. Chaotic flow developed, resulting in elevated RSS magnitude and coverage. Findings help understand consequences of MitraClip on left ventricular flow dynamics.
Annals of Biomedical Engineering
Effects of MitraClip Therapy on Mitral Flow Patterns and Vortex Formation: An In Vitro Study.
Annals of Biomedical Engineering.
Retrieved from: https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p/15948 | <urn:uuid:9e278026-0f95-45d7-b3ba-067337bda502> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digitalcommons.mtu.edu/michigantech-p/15948/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.869147 | 490 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Detroit's true unemployment rate
The economy is booming and the unemployment rates for the nation and Michigan are low. In Detroit, the official rate has fallen dramatically since peaking at more than 28% in 2009.
But the rate that’s often cited only tells part of the story.
President Donald Trump talked about unemployment rates during his recent State of the Union address.
“Something I’m very proud of: African American unemployment stands at the lowest rate ever recorded,” the president said to applause.
Steven Franklin is skeptical.
“I think I have to question the statistics that he’s actually looking at,” he said when I talked to him at a job fair in northwest Detroit.
I asked Frankin: Do you think it’s different in Detroit than the rest of the nation?
“Oh, of course. I have friends in other communities and they don’t talk about the unemployment at the rate that we talk about it in Detroit,” Franklin replied.
Let’s look at President Trump’s claim that African-American unemployment is the lowest ever. I asked Charles Ballard to show me the numbers. He’s an economist at Michigan State University.
“According to the statistics from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, that’s true. In December, the black unemployment rate was 6.8% – that’s national – and that is the all-time low,” Ballard said.
He noted that since the president made that statement, January’s rate was released, and it jumped nearly one percentage point, to 7.7% black unemployment.
That all-time low was fleeting.
But, Ballard says those December unemployment figures showed something else.
“The gap between the white (rate) and black (rate) was 3.1 percentage points. That’s also an all-time low,” Ballard said.
He says that might be the more important statistic from December’s national numbers. Ballard says narrowing that gap between the unemployment rates between whites and blacks is progress.
Detroit is an 80% African-American city. The unemployment numbers are higher than the rest of the state and the nation. In December the rate was 8.7% unemployed. Michigan as a whole was at 4.7%.
Back at that job fair held at the Northwest Activities Center, there were mixed reports about job prospects.
“I’m finding it much easier to find work now. And I can’t say it’s because of Trump’s administration, but because of the resources that has been presented in the Detroit city area, it’s much easier to find work,” said Michael Jones.
Antoine Stanfield is not experiencing that, saying, “I’m not finding nothing. Nothing at all unfortunately, you know? It’s really hard out here, of course, to find a job.”
Both were looking for a job. They would be included in that unemployment number we hear every month.
But, there are others who are not: people who’ve given up looking for work. And people who have a part-time job, but want to be working full-time. Those two groups are included in another unemployment rate, an expanded unemployment rate.
When you include those people, generally speaking, you can double the standard U.S. or state unemployment rate.
Charles Ballard says that’s important to keep in mind when you look at Detroit.
“We don’t have an expanded unemployment rate for Detroit. But, my sense is that it’s probably at least twice as high as the official rate. If the official rate currently – it’s been eight or nine in some recent months, that might mean that the true full rate of unemployment or underemployment might be high teens, it might be in the twenties,” he explained.
And that’s during good economic times. Right around 20% unemployed or underemployed is close to as good as it gets!
Ballard does think unemployment in Detroit will go a little lower in the near future, but not as low as the state or national rates. He says that’s some time away.
“I think we can hope for a lot better for the city of Detroit twenty years from now,” Ballard said.
Why 20 years? Ballard hopes the graduation rates continue to rise, that there will be an eventual recognition that K-12 schools must be improved in Detroit.
If not, the state will pay a huge price for allowing its largest city to continue to struggle.
Support for the Detroit Journalism Cooperative on Michigan Radio comes from the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, the Ford Foundation and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. | <urn:uuid:14582083-3feb-4601-9c63-de4cc39edff5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.michiganradio.org/economy/2018-02-16/detroits-true-unemployment-rate | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.96789 | 1,014 | 2.546875 | 3 |
RICH THOMASELLI | TravelPulse.Com
Troy Warren for CNT #Travel
The holiday travel season is clearly underway.
The Transportation Security Administration (TSA) screened the highest number of passengers at U.S. airports on Friday, November 19, since the COVID-19 pandemic began in late February to mid-March 2020.
The final count was 2,242,956 passengers who flew on Friday, the highest single-day number in more than 20 months since the pandemic shut down air travel.
JUST IN: @TSA officers screened 2,242,956 people at airport security checkpoints nationwide yesterday, Friday, Nov. 19. It’s the highest checkpoint volume since passenger volume tanked in early 2020 as a result of the pandemic. The Thanksgiving travel period has begun! #MaskUp
— Lisa Farbstein, TSA Spokesperson (@TSA_Northeast) November 20, 2021
The 2,242,956 passengers represented the greatest number of fliers on one day since February 28, 2020, when 2,353,150 took to the air. After that, air travel plummeted. By April 13, 2020, the number of single-day passengers dropped to just 87,534 – just three percent of what it was on the same day in 2019.
The November 19 passenger count on Friday was 88 percent of what the capacity was on November 19, 2019, when 2,550,459 people flew.
The TSA said it expects more than 20 million people to fly during Thanksgiving. The agency considers the Thanksgiving travel period this year to run from Friday, November 19 to Monday, November 28.
In addition to the single-day high, the TSA screened more than 2 million passengers on Thursday, November 18 and Saturday, November 20 – the first time since July 29 to August 2 that more than 2 million people went through security in three consecutive days.
In Other NEWS | <urn:uuid:9422a5b1-71a8-45e5-af93-954291ad6734> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://citynewsandtalk.com/tsa-screens-most-single-day-passengers-of-pandemic-era/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965296 | 399 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Here is something we want to share on anti-bot protection.
Bots are developed to automate tasks that used to require human intervention.
Research in January 2021 showed 25% of internet traffic on any given day is made up of bots.
However, this bot automation has paved the way for more nefarious activities.
A lot of businesses have taken steps to safeguard themselves from the risks posed by bots and other malicious software.
Let’s look at the world of anti-bot protection in more detail.
What Is Anti-Bot Protection?
Anti-bot protection is software that prevents a computer from being hacked.
They do it by scanning for known malware or malicious code and blocking access to those files.
Anti-malware protection, on the other hand, works on the premise of cleaning up a system’s vulnerabilities.
This includes removing malware and data stored on a system’s hard drive, as well as resetting passwords if hackers get in.
It’s important to know the difference between the two.
The main aim of anti-bot protection software is to make sure that any user coming to the website is human.
Webmasters should be using this software.
Because it helps their site to rank higher in search engines as well as providing a better customer experience.
Google doesn’t like sites spammed by bots so it’s important to keep them to a minimum to stay on their good side.
In order to set anti-bot protection, you need to install a plugin onto your website.
Different companies like DataDome, Cloudflare, and Wordfence manage these plugins.
Wordfence is our favorite and easiest to use of these three, so let’s look at it in more detail.
What Is Wordfence Software?
Wordfence has features like a real-time scanner, malware blocking, and much more to help you keep your site safe from hackers.
Whenever someone visits your website, the software scans it for any viruses or malware that could harm it.
In addition, it blocks them in real-time.
Wordfence software helps to keep your website secure as well as prevent any unwanted visitors or attacks from happening on it.
It scans every single page of your website to make sure there are no threats on the site before anyone sees them.
Also, it and protects your website from hackers by keeping all of its files up-to-date with the latest changes.
When it comes to anti-bot protection solutions, DataDome shines the most with its intelligent bot protection.
What Is a Brute Force Attack by Bots?
A brute force attack by bots is a type of cyber-attack.
It involves the submission of a large number of requests in an attempt to break into a system or gain unauthorized access to resources.
Brute force attacks usually take place with the usage of automated programs (bots).
They continually make automated attempts to enter passwords or other data.
You can also operate these programs remotely without the need for human intervention.
What Is Anti-Bot Verification?
A bot is software that automatically performs tasks over the internet.
Anti-bots are services that try to prevent bots from performing their task.
Examples of anti-bot verification are CAPTCHA, reCaptcha, and NoCAPTCHA.
Other types of anti-bot verification can be a process where a user has to enter information into an application or website.
This will help to allow the service to function properly.
They will ask a user their name and email address or phone number.
Thus they will verify their identity before any other actions can be taken on an account.
Anti-bot verification is becoming popular with various websites and apps.
For instance, such as Facebook, Amazon, PayPal, and Google accounts.
This is because it prevents third-party apps from automatically signing up users for services without their knowledge.
What Is the Best Anti-Bot Protection?
Apart from WordFence, we have some strong options.
Let’s look at them.
Investigate Traffic Spikes for Anti-Bot Protection
It is important to know if you are receiving traffic spikes from bots.
You need to investigate why the spike happened and what you can do about it.
For example, the spike in traffic is happening from a website having no relation to your business.
It means that a bot has probably hit your site.
If this happens, you need to take steps to protect against future bots or get rid of the ones that are already on your site.
The best way to do this is by implementing software like Google Analytics.
They allow for easy tracking of visitors and behavioral data.
While there are no issues with increased visits, there might be issues with the increased frequency of visits by bots.
Ask your webmaster to check regularly for bad bot traffic and use Google’s “disavow” tool on sites that don’t look friendly.
Monitor for Failed Login Attempts for Anti-Bot Protection
Bots can quickly scan for vulnerabilities in your website’s code or even crack passwords.
Because bots are so easy to create, one can find them anywhere on the web.
The latest technology has made it even easier for bots to find their way into an organization.
This is because it makes it harder than ever for humans to tell them apart from real users.
Companies need protection against these intruders.
They can use AI solutions like Automatic Login Detection or Knowbot as part of their security strategy.
A company might use these solutions as part of its overall security strategy.
This is because they use artificial intelligence protection on your website.
Block or CAPTCHA Outdated User Agents/Browsers
To protect against bots, websites have traditionally used CAPTCHA technology to verify that a user is human and not a robot.
In order to combat bots and bots trying to get around the CAPTCHA system, some websites have begun using block or captcha technology.
So that only humans can pass through easily.
Protect Every Bad Bot Access Point
Be sure to secure your mobile apps and APIs, but don’t forget to share information with other systems too.
It’s important to be as careful of security flaws and potential traffic holes you might find on your website as you are of known threats.
Bots have become increasingly common across various industries, posing an imminent risk to both internet users and businesses.
These bots are commonly utilized by criminals who want to profit from their illicit activities without being traced by law enforcement officials or other AI systems.
Bots pose threats in various ways, such as generating fake website traffic or appending their malicious code onto a website’s URL.
The use of malicious bots is on the rise.
They have been employed by hackers for a wide variety of purposes such as cyber-attacks and data theft.
The malicious bots are also used to spam on social media networks like Facebook or Twitter.
Also, they steal personal information from unsuspecting users for identity fraud schemes.
Every day there are more robots in our lives – not just computerized voice assistants like Siri or Google Assistant.
But other AI-powered tools such as bots can attack your site.
The tips we presented to you above will help keep these not-so-friendly robots at bay with the best anti-bot protection. | <urn:uuid:b96c6744-2651-4c90-89f9-5a99f84d06b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://booleandreams.com/anti-bot-protection/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.94117 | 1,532 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Williams Temple was founded
in 1929 by the late Bishop Columbus Williams, In 1979 upon the death,
of Bishop Williams , Elder. Lawrence M. Wooten, who had been a faithful
supporter and had served as 1st Assistant Pastor to Bishop Williams
was appointed Pastor.
is a visionary of great consequence; however, his greatest vision
is for souls, Bishop Wooten is often heard to say, “It’s
all about souls”. | <urn:uuid:5eb8b5ed-56fa-4a6d-95a5-ee53b3dd5007> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://williamstemplecogic.net/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.981466 | 111 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Schneider Electric welcomes European Union proposal to meet environmental targets faster by updating SF6 greenhouse gas policy
The company supports the EU’s new policy revision proposal, agreeing that now is the time to speed up transition to green power technologies
Schneider Electric continues to deliver new green and digital technology that innovates beyond legacy F-gas solutions with Pure Air, removing technological barriers to green energy transition
PARIS--(Korea Newswire) April 21, 2022 -- Schneider Electric, the global leader in the digital transformation of energy management and automation, has shared its strong support for the European Union Commission’s recent announcement regarding the future use of the world’s strongest greenhouse gas. The EU’s new policy revision proposal includes its targets SF6, a gas that for decades has been widely used in electrical equipment due to its unique suitability and lack of competitive alternatives.
Delivering on its promise of building a full portfolio of SF6-free offers, Schneider Electric continues to deliver a breakthrough suite of environmentally superior and digital technologies to market that avoid the use of the SF6 greenhouse gas, replacing it with pure air. The availability and reliable high-performance of these long-awaited clean technologies make the EU’s current F-gas policy revision effort timely and achievable. If adopted in the future, a revised European policy restricting the use of SF6 would represent a key milestone in the sprint to successfully address European climate goals as the window on a +1.5°C future rapidly closes.
For Schneider Electric Energy & Sustainability Services
THE SPRING COMPANY
This is a news release distributed by Korea Newswire on behalf of this company. | <urn:uuid:75f39874-7d52-4a45-9a47-39d9befa1fb9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newswire.co.kr/newsRead.php?no=943084 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.875033 | 387 | 1.6875 | 2 |
- 1 How do you move metal shelf clips?
- 2 How do you remove a broken cabinet shelf clip?
- 3 How do you remove Elfa shelf from brackets?
- 4 How do I repair damaged shelf pin holes?
- 5 How do you fix a wobbly metal shelf?
- 6 What are shelf supports called?
- 7 How do you remove a shelf glue?
- 8 How do you remove built in bookshelves?
How do you move metal shelf clips?
Pinch the clips that are extending from the side of the metal runners. Do one at a time. Grasp the clip between your thumb and index finger and tilt it up as you pinch it hard. It will pop free of the bracket slot.
How do you remove a broken cabinet shelf clip?
Drive the screw just far enough for it to grab the broken peg. (The peg will probably start spinning in the hole at that point.) Now use a claw hammer to pull the screw out of the hole along with the broken peg. Slip a scrap of soft wood under the hammer head so that you don’t mar the surface of the cabinet.
How do you remove Elfa shelf from brackets?
Simply tilt up the front of both Brackets and remove them from the Hanging Standards. Place in the desired location. To REMOVE the U-Shaped Metal Glide from the Brackets: Place one hand at the back of the glide. With your thumb on the Hanging Standard, gently push the glide forward with your fingers.
How do I repair damaged shelf pin holes?
First, you can enlarge the holes [Photo A], and then install brass sleeves that will once again hold the shelf pins securely [Photo B]. To prevent grain tear-out around the rim of the holes, use a sharp, standard-twist drill bit and drill the holes in 1⁄ 32 “-diameter increments to keep the holes centered.
How do you fix a wobbly metal shelf?
Drill a hole for each foot in the underside of one of the legs and tap in the foot, using a hammer. Right the bookshelf and put it back into position. Raise or lower each foot until the bookcase stops wobbling.
What are shelf supports called?
Types of shelf supports: L-shaped shelf supports are named shelf bracket and they are a subset of angle brackets. Cabinet shelf support, wardrobe shelf support, shelf pin, shelf support peg, shelf support push, plug-in shelf support – when used in a wardrobe or cabinet.
How do you remove a shelf glue?
If the shelf is nailed to strips of wood, use a hammer and pound up on the bottom of the shelf until it is free. If the shelf is adhered with adhesive, run a utility knife along the edge where it is adhered. It may take several passes with the utility knife to loosen the shelf.
How do you remove built in bookshelves?
Hammer the tip of a pry bar beneath the shelf between it and the cleat. Pry upward to loosen the shelf. Repeat along the length of the shelf and on both sides to free the shelf from the cleats. Remove the shelf from the cabinet. | <urn:uuid:6bcf76e9-68d5-4d04-811b-4c6cfe13de03> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://prismpowdercoating.net/metal-remov/quick-answer-hon-metal-bookshelf-shelf-clips-how-to-remove.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.895138 | 670 | 1.945313 | 2 |
What is the Full form of AAI?
The full form of AAI is the Airport Authority of India. It functions under the Ministry of Civil Aviation. It is in the process of designing, planning, maintaining and upgrading the network of civil aviation in India. The AAI, comprising 126 airports, 11 customs airports, 11 international airports, 89 domestic airports and 26 civilian enclaves at military aircraft, has an array of duties.
- For the Indian Air Force, Indian Coast Guard, Indian Navy other private airfields in the nation, AAI operates and is accountable for flight calibration of navigation equipment.
- The first phase of the technology demonstration framework was completed in February 2008.
- The government of India founded the IAAI (International Airports Authority of India) in 1972.
- The Airport Authority of India was established in April 1995, when an Act of Parliament merged the IAAI with the NAA (National Airports Authority).
Training centres of AAI
The following are five training institutions consisting of three ATS training organisations, which are also formed by AAI.
- CATC (Civil Aviation Training College), Uttar Pradesh, Allahabad
- NIAMAR (National Institute of Aviation Management and Research), Delhi
- NIATAM (National Institute of Aviation Training and Management), Maharashtra, Gondia.
- FTC (Fire Training Center), Kolkata & Delhi.
- HTC (Hyderabad Training Centre), Hyderabad. | <urn:uuid:13e6d15a-8dda-417d-8ad2-de9e30ecc945> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://byjus.com/full-form/aai-full-form/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.91538 | 299 | 2.828125 | 3 |
December 1, 2007
In selecting its “100 Top Science Stories of 2007,” the editors of Discover magazine recognized WHOI marine chemist Scott Doney and his colleagues for research on the effect of acid rain in coastal waters. The paper “Impact of anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition on ocean acidification and the inorganic carbon system”published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences by Doney and six colleagues from four institutionswas listed as top story #23 in Discover’s year-end roundup. In their September 2007 journal article, Doney et al noted that the release of sulfur and nitrogen into the atmosphere by power plants and agricultural activities is altering the chemistry of coastal surface waters, making seawater more acidic. The strongest effects are downwind of major pollution regions in eastern North America, western Europe, and southern and southeast Asia. Ocean “acidification” occurs when chemical compounds such as carbon dioxide, sulfur, or nitrogen mix with seawater, a process which lowers the pH and reduces the storage of carbon. It hampers the ability of marine organismssuch as sea urchins, corals, and certain types of planktonto harness calcium carbonate for making hard outer shells or “exoskeletons.” These organisms provide essential food and habitat to other species, so their demise could affect entire ocean ecosystems. | <urn:uuid:85cca258-783c-4bd8-9bec-1a42fca7a30c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.whoi.edu/press-room/news-release/magazine-recognizes-whoi-led-global-change-research/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.920525 | 284 | 2.9375 | 3 |
The problem of achieving Cellular-Neural Associative Memory (CNAM) limiting capability is considered. At first a CNAM learning method based on the idea of Perceptron Learning Rule which provides maximal ability to restore distorted patterns is suggested. Next, expressions for determining self-connection weight values which increase attractivity and decrease the number of oscillation states are obtained. Finally, influence of neuron threshold on basic characteristics of CNAM is investigated. It is shown that CNAM is capable to store more than 2q patterns where q is the cardinality of neuron neighborhood. | <urn:uuid:49082d45-630b-4691-b874-c8327d12bdc5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bulletin.iis.nsk.su/index.php/article/954 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.916894 | 128 | 2.25 | 2 |
In a CNBC article, self-made millionaire David Bach explained that: “The biggest mistake millennials are making is not buying their first home.” He goes on to say that, “If you want to build real financial security, real wealth for your lifetime, then you need to buy a home.”
Bach went on to explain:
“Homeowners are worth 40 times more than renters. Now, that first home doesn’t need to be a dream home, it can be a very small home. You might literally have to buy a small studio apartment, but that’s how you get started.”
Then he explains the secret in order to buy that home!
“Don’t do a 30-year mortgage. You want to take that 30-year mortgage and instead pay it off early, do a 15-year mortgage. What happens if you do a 15-year mortgage? Well, one, you pay the mortgage off 15-years sooner, that means you’ll be able to retire in your fifties. Number two, you’ll save a fortune (on potentially hundreds of thousands of dollars in interest payments).”
What will it cost to pay your mortgage in fifteen years? He explains further:
“For fifteen years, you got to brownbag your lunch. Think about that! Brownbag your lunch literally for fifteen years. You can retire ten years sooner than your friends. You’ll have real wealth, because you bought a home – you’re not a renter. And you’ll be financially secure for life.”
Whenever a well-respected millionaire gives investment advice, people usually clamor to hear it. This millionaire gave simple advice – if you don’t yet live in your own home, go buy one. | <urn:uuid:b90a1396-4a9f-4180-85a6-c765d62ddfd9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chaplinwilliams.com/blog/millionaire-to-millennials-dont-rent-a-home-buy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.958655 | 384 | 2 | 2 |
Written by Daniel-Robert Gooch, President, Canadian Airports Council
“Harmony in Motion with Canada’s Airports” has taken off and is raising awareness of the success of Canada’s airports today. The digital media campaign is hosted at an online hub with statistics and factual content on Canada’s airports, their significant investments in infrastructure, their contributions to the economy and the concrete steps they have taken to facilitate a seamless flow of passengers and goods within Canada, North America and around the world.
The Harmony in Motion campaign was launched by the Canadian Airports Council (CAC) in April 2017. The CAC has 51 members, representing more than 100 airports, including all of the privately operated National System Airports (NAS[WR1] ) and many municipal airports across Canada. CAC’s member airports handle more than 90 per cent of the commercial air traffic in Canada, and a greater share of international traffic.
The purpose of the campaign is to remind Canadian travelers, government decision-makers and the media of the crucial role airports play in the economy and their lives.
The Harmony in Motion online hub contains a video and a series of written stories including infographics. One of the stories reveals how much airports have built themselves up since they were transferred from the Government of Canada to local entities in the 1990s. They have invested $22 billion in their infrastructure since 1992—almost entirely without taxpayer support. Decisions on investments are made in the community by local authorities, with all operating surpluses invested back into operations.
Handling more than 133 million passengers a year, traffic has grown significantly at Canada’s airports over the past decade—5.4% in the past year alone. Canada’s passenger growth is expected to grow by 50% by 2035, according to the Airbus Global Market Forecast 2016–2013.
Canada’s airports welcome this growth, and will continue to invest in high-quality infrastructure and support a positive passenger experience.
Passenger flow, and the interconnectivity of Canada’s airports are featured in an online video, hosted at the Harmony in Motion hub. Since it was launched, the video has received more than 215,000 views, which far surpasses expectations.
For more information on this exciting initiative email firstname.lastname@example.org.
The article was provided by a third party and, as such, the views expressed therein and/or presented are their own and may not represent or reflect the views of ACI, its management, Board, or members. Readers should not act on the basis of any information contained in the blog without referring to applicable laws and regulations and/or without appropriate professional advice. | <urn:uuid:edca329f-4468-4a7d-94cf-ef29f9cbe018> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.aci.aero/harmony-in-motion-with-canadas-airports/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.966559 | 556 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Showing Collections: 1–5 of 5
Call Number: YCAL MSS 600
Scope and Contents: The collection consists of correspondence, writings, notebooks, clippings, writings of others, photographs, awards, student papers, teaching papers, audiovisual materials, and digital media documenting the life and work of poet John Koethe. Correspondence includes letters from other poets and writers including John Ashbery, Robert Dash, John Godfrey, Mary Kinzie, David Lehman, James Schuyler, Susan Stewart, and others. Writings include drafts of books by Koethe, individual poems, and other...
Call Number: YCAL MSS 1466
Overview: The collection contains writings, correspondence, notebooks and journals, personal and professional papers, printed material, computer and audiovisual media, and other papers by or relating to the writer, poet, and performance artist Eileen Myles.
Call Number: YCAL MSS 1091
Scope and Contents: The Charles North papers, which span from 1941 to 2016, contain correspondence, writings, journals, writings of others, CDs, DVDs, photographs, personal papers, artwork, printed material, electronic media, and other papers by or relating to the life and work of Charles North. Correspondents include John Ashbery, Douglas Crase, Ron Padgett, James Schuyler, Tony Towle, Paul Violi, Trevor Winkfield, and other poets and collaborators. Manuscripts by others include works by Ashbery, Crase, Schuyler,...
Call Number: YCAL MSS 721
Overview: The collection consists of material created and accumulated by Ron Padgett in the course of his work as a poet, translator, and editor. Material includes extensive correspondence with other poets and writers; manuscripts for Padgett's books of poetry and prose, as well as some juvenilia and early writings; manuscripts for Padgett’s English translations of works by French-language poets including Guillaume Apollinaire, Blaise Cendrars, Valery Larbaud, Paul Morand, and Pierre Reverdy; manuscripts...
Call Number: YCAL MSS 745
Overview: Collection contains correspondence, writings, and other papers documenting the life and literary activities of New York City poet Tony Towle. Towle spent his life in New York City and, after training with Kenneth Koch and Frank O'Hara, was associated with the second generation of the New York School. In addition to Koch and O'Hara, Towle corresponded with numerous poets, artists, and editors based in the city, including John Ashberry, Bill Berkson, Ted Berrigan, Joe Brainard, Rob Hershon, Lita... | <urn:uuid:1ed0263f-e672-43a5-8c38-435a19d3d37c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/resources?q%5B%5D=%2A&op%5B%5D=&field%5B%5D=title&from_year%5B%5D=&to_year%5B%5D=&limit=resource&filter_fields%5B%5D=subjects&filter_values%5B%5D=American+poetry+--+20th+Century&filter_fields%5B%5D=published_agents&filter_values%5B%5D=Schuyler%2C+James&sort=title_sort%20asc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.906604 | 618 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Consider a rectangle (black one) in the following image. Lets take four random points uniformly on each border then connecting the points one after another (red lines) to get a foursquare inside the rectangle.
If we put a set of random points ($n$ points) uniformly inside the rectangle , I would like to know what is the mathematical expectation of the number of points that are inside the red area?
Since the position of red points are random, I really can't solve this problem.
The probability that each point falls in the red area, is the area of red_line divided by area of rectangle. Since the area it self is a random process, so we need to calculate the expectation of the area of the red line.
Thanks in advance. | <urn:uuid:5a180949-61a4-4848-a9f6-7fcbd6a4c91a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2348927/expectation-of-the-number-of-points-inside-a-foursquare-of-a-rectangle/2348937 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.916421 | 155 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Thailand Approves 29.5 MW of Solar Projects Valued at $75.6 million
Thailand’s Industry Ministry has approved five new solar plants with a combined capacity of 29.5 MW as demand for electricity in the country continues to grow. The five solar projects comprise the 7.5 MW, THB 560 million ($13.8 million) Solar Power/Sakon Nakorn 2 plant in northeastern Thailand; the 6 MW, $18.1 million Siam Solar Generation project; the 6 MW, $14.6 million ESPP Project 1; the 6 MW, $14.5 million ESPP Project 2; and the 4 MW, $14.6 million ESPP Project 3.
The Ministry green-lit the projects along with four other new industrial plants, including a biomass power facility. Reflecting Thailand’s economic development, demand for electricity in the country has continued to grow.
The fast-growing Thai market is expected to generate 18 GWh of electrical power a year. The Thai government is expected to add 2 GW of solar by 2020.In May, Thai solar project developer Natural Energy Development Co. completed a $335 million, 84 MW photovoltaic plant in the country’s Lopburi province. In the same month, China’s Grace Solar supported a local 11.7 MW solar park, providing a ground mounting system for the project. | <urn:uuid:34a53c14-0a41-4c0d-95da-571dd1650f31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pimagazine-asia.com/thailand-approves-29-5-mw-of-solar-projects-valued-at-75-6-million/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.905009 | 289 | 1.585938 | 2 |
There are many of parents whose information about the web does not surpass past using social media marketing sites such as for example Facebook and YouTube or simply trying to find random stuff on Google. However, to the dismay of numerous, there is a complete various earth on the World Large Internet, that is referred to as the dark web.The internet generically has three subdivisions. The internees, which can be an integral part of our day-to-day use, the strong internet that’s useful for the us government and the dark web.
That part of the net is available for folks who are often asked to utilize their interface or use special application to enter these domains. You could find some very troubling and weird data concerning the dark web on the internet. It has been doing existence simple Bing was a basic HTML format.
The strong web and the dark web vary in many elements; mostly they are not easy to get at by folks who are unacquainted with their existence. In a nutshell, you won’t only come onto it, nevertheless, as parents, you cannot be satisfied by that, in the present world data and particularly a strange phenomenon such as this one is a awareness to many youngsters.
As discussed earlier you cannot only access the dark web like you can different websites on the internet. But it is perhaps not rocket research both; you can easily find the procedure and get the application needed to access this region by looking for it on normal search engines. If your youngster has use of a bank-account or can pay on line, they may only manage to join the internet sites and neighborhoods on that area of the internet.
This is a digital currency, a payment program that has number repository and cannot be linked to just one administrator. All its transactions are peer-to-peer and this is actually the currency that’s used on the black web. If your youngster can pay on line they could simply buy that cryptocurrency and access the dark web to produce unusual buys or procure memberships.
The Dark Web may be the part of the net wherever all illegal activities, drug trafficking, and different unimaginable activities get place. You obtain free use of forums that promote content such as for example kid trafficking, hitmen, medications, and also cannibalism. This isn’t what anyone would like their young ones to become a part of.
You can find scary experiences and reports in regards to the dark web that will shake one to the core. Individuals who have seen these sites declare that even though it delivers anonymity, there’s number protection of personality; after you enter you may find your self on pages which contain material which should not really exist by honest and human standards. You will find number alerts or barriers to the searching; just a press and you might conclusion through to a full page that gives you account to cults or a chance to join extremist groups.
Cybercriminals freely business taken info on the Black Web. It holds a success of information that might adversely influence a companies’current and prospective clients. That is where thieves go to buy-sell-trade taken data. It is straightforward for fraudsters to gain access to stolen information they should infiltrate organization and perform nefarious affairs. Just one data breach could put an firm out of dark web sites .
Fortunately, you will find organizations that constantly check the Dark Web for stolen data 24-7, 365 times a year. Criminals overtly reveal these details through conversation areas, websites, websites, bulletin panels, Peer-to-Peer networks and different dark market sites. They recognize information as it accesses offender command-and-control hosts from numerous geographies that national IP handles cannot access. The amount of affected data collected is incredible. As an example:
This information can linger on the Dark Web for days, months or, often, decades before it is used. An business that monitors for stolen data can easily see very nearly immediately when their stolen information shows up. The next phase is always to take proactive activity to completely clean up the stolen information and prevent, what could become, a knowledge breach or business personality theft. The info, essentially, becomes useless for the cybercriminal. | <urn:uuid:4e0f75b9-e2b5-450d-ab37-aff36ac6eaed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://edenrobe.unblog.fr/2020/06/17/what-is-the-dark-web-how-several-elements-are-on-dark-web/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.942018 | 847 | 2.234375 | 2 |
You take a ‘happy snap’ of your neighbour, or her child, over the fence without their knowing? Is this OK in Australia? Do we need a new law around privacy?
Is secretly photographing people OK?
By Bill Rowlings, CEO of Civil Liberties Australia
If you photographed your neighbours over the fence, or across the air gap from your flat to their flat, would you be guilty of an invasion of privacy in Australia?
If you then put those photos online, or in an exhibition – identifiable, and with the neighbour’s address also able to be identified – would that break Australian law?
Most Australians would say “yes” it would. Or, at least, yes it should. But the legal picture is murky because there is no clear precedent of an established artist using such photographic “technique” to shoot images for a public exhibition.
In general in Australia, you have a right to photograph people and things in public places. But the law is not at all clearly defined, and there are exceptions. Inside next door’s house would be one, most likely.
In New York, a court has ruled the artiste photographer has such a right…but the court has said clearly the politicians should write a new law to do something about it.
An artist who hid in his apartment’s shadows and deployed a telephoto lens to photograph his neighbours through their glass-walled apartment, Arne Svenson, is not liable for invading their privacy, at the New York state appellate court ruled in April 2015.
The appeals court called it a “technological home invasion” but said the defendant used the pictures for art’s sake. Because of that, the First Department of the New York Appellate Division ruled last month in favour of artist Svenson, who snapped the pics from his lower Manhattan residence as part of an art exhibit called “The Neighbors.”
Some pictures, the court said, showed children’s “identifiable” faces: one of a boy in a diaper, another of a daughter in a swimsuit, and another of a mother holding that daughter.
The court said in its ruling:
“To be sure, by our holding here—finding no viable cause of action for violation of the statutory right to privacy under these facts—we do not, in any way, mean to give short shrift to plaintiffs’ concerns.
“Undoubtedly, like plaintiffs, many people would be rightfully offended by the intrusive manner in which the photographs were taken in this case. However, such complaints are best addressed to the Legislature – the body empowered to remedy such inequities
“Needless to say, as illustrated by the troubling facts here, in these times of heightened threats to privacy posed by new and ever more invasive technologies, we call upon the Legislature to revisit this important issue, as we are constrained to apply the law as it exists,” the court said. http://tinyurl.com/mghfwbt | <urn:uuid:5909a50a-bae5-48ac-a9c5-1d017974ec93> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cla.asn.au/News/is-secretly-photographing-people-ok/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.968331 | 628 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Sylvester James Gates is not only the first African-American to hold an endowed chair of physics at a major American research university, but also a positive voice for faith and science.
Physics & Astronomy
NASA allows us to join in the wonder astronomers experience through the thousands of images that they publish.
This summer, many of us are going on fewer trips, and so let’s see where excellent reading in faith and science can take us.
What might the existence of an extraterrestrial “hypothetical rational species” mean for Christian message?
How are we finding all of these “exoplanets”—planets beyond our solar system? And how can we tell if they might host life? That’s our focus as we continue our astrobiology series.
Whether we find it or not, the possibility of life on other planets remains scientifically and theologically significant. | <urn:uuid:68e7da6b-7bab-496f-bbc1-bc643b40c80b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scienceforthechurch.org/category/physics-astronomy/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.893298 | 192 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Very close to Stirling, in the small town of Doune and bordered by the River Teith is a medieval fortress that houses interesting stories, both real and fictional. It is Doune Castle, a sturdy stone construction surrounded by lush forest, the setting for films such as “Ivanhoe” or “Monty Python and the Holy Grail”; and series such as “Outlander” or “Game of Thrones”. In this guide we will talk about this wonderful gem hidden among the green Scottish landscapes and a must stop if you want to fully explore the Stirling region, popularly known as the heart of Scotland.
Doune Castle history
The name Doune is probably derived from the Scottish Gaelic “dùn” which means “castle” or “fortress”. It is possible that there was some sort of fortification on the site long before the 13th century castle, a troubled time in the Scottish history. At the end of that century and with the English invasion the Independence Wars began, a time of military campaigns and battles that would extend well into the fourteenth century. For this reason, the original construction was most likely to be seriously damaged during the conflict, before being rebuilt to its current appearance in the 14th century by the Duke of Albany, the son of King Robert II of Scotland. Doune Castle passed to the crown in 1425, when Albany’s son was executed, and it was used as a hunting tower, gatehouse, and country house. At the end of the 16th century, the fortress came into the hands of the lords of Moray and was the scenery of conflicts like the “the three kingdoms wars” or as a prison during the “Jacobite” wars. After that, the castle was left in ruins, although in the following years a magnificent restoration work was carried out on the castle, and already in the 20th century it passed into the hands of the government. Thanks to the well-preserved structure of the building, we can get a good idea of how life of the upper classes would be in the past centuries inside the castle . It must be said that, although the structure originally planned was a courtyard with several buildings on each side, only the north and northwest parts were completed. In total, Doune Castle is made up of the keep, where the rooms of the lord and his family were, and another tower where the kitchens and guest rooms were. Both are linked by the great room. All this has become a testimony to the social importance of the castle’s owner.
What to see in Doune Castle
If you enjoy learning about the history of the places you visit, you will love to visit the rooms inside the fortification. Its preservation to this day and the restorations carried out in some parts of the castle provide an authentic image of distant times, starring lords and knights. Although it is not a large building, such as Edinburgh Castle, it has everything a castle should have. Let’s talk about the mains room that you can find in the castle:
Wineries, vaults and cellars
In the lower floor and below the great hall are the cellars of the castle. These rooms are likely to have served as a storage site for cereals and other essential foods. In the circular room next to the entrance there was a well with a hatch in the ceiling where the food, the water and wine were lifted to the upper floor to be enjoyed and big parties and banquets.
Great Hall and kitchen
After crossing the entrance hall and accessing the upper rooms, you will find the great hall or great room with an impressive wooden ceiling 12 meters high. It takes attention to the non-existence of a fireplace in any of the walls to heat this large room and with a vital importance on the social life of the castle. It is possible that instead of a big walled chimney there was a central fire in the room, which would be ventilated through louvres in the upper windows. This room is connected to the storage rooms as well through a narrow staircase where the servants carried the many dishes to the table.
When you see this large room you can imagine the parties and big feast that were celebrated many times here. The banquets, how could it be otherwise, were supplied and cooked by one of the most modern kitchens of the time. It is a vaulted tower located on a basement, and equipped with an oven and a 5-meter fireplace. In addition, it presents a service hatch with elliptical arches, something unusual in that century.
Thanks to a renovation carried out in 1883, you will be able to see what this room looked like in its years of splendor. The walls of Lord’s Hall are lined with wood paneling, and huge iron lamps hang from the ceiling. For security reasons, it was designed in such a way that it is not connected to the great room, so it is a room with a private character that was used as a room throughout its existence. It has a double fireplace, a sample of the high status that Robert Stewart presented during his reign, compared sometimes to the triple that you can find in the palace of Linlithgow. Today the room is available for holding events and weddings.
A green lawn extends through the inner courtyard of the castle, crowned in the center by a well. From this location you can see the layout of the castle, with stairs leading to its key points, such as the kitchen or the Lord’s Hall. This is the area of the castle that you have seeing many times in cinemas or tv but we will talk about this later
How to get there
Getting to the castle is not too difficult thanks to its proximity to Stirling and its good road connections with Edinburgh and Glasgow but there is not a direct connection by public transport from these cities straight to the castle. If you prefer to visit it with the relax and confort of a tour , we could offer you a visit to Doune Castle on the tour to al the tour to Loch Lomond National Park, Stirling & Doune Castles.
From Edinburgh it takes just over an hour to drive via the M9. It will take a little less time to get there if you leave Glasgow, about 40 minutes on the M80. Both road are really good motorways and with not a lot of traffic out of the peak times. But remember if you hired a car that we drive on the left. There is not a lot of space to park in the castle grounds but you could park in Doune town and have a nice walk into the castle.
There is no direct line to Doune or to Doune Castle by train, so you will have to find a route that will take you to Stirling. On this map you will find information on which train to choose from different parts of Scotland. Once in Stirling, you will have to get on a bus to Callander, which will leave you in Doune, a few minutes walk from the castle and enjoy the views of the rivers that surround the castle area.
The bus route is similar to the train route. Check here the existing bus connections to Stirling. Once there, you will have to get on another bus towards Callander. Get off at Doune to walk to the castle. This option can take quite a lot of time of your day.
Price and hours
If you do not have access through the Explorer Pass, the cost is £ 9.00 for adults, £ 5.40 for children from 5 to 15 years old and £ 7.20 for those over 60 years old and / or unemployed (Estimated price in your currency : adults € 10, children from 5 to 15 years € 6, over 60 and / or unemployed € 8). Free admission for children under 5 years old.
Hours vary depending on the time of year:
Closed on December 25 and 26 and January 1 and 2.
- From April 1 to September 30: 9:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Last entry at 5:00 p.m.
- From October 1 to March 31: 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Last entry at 3:30 p.m.
- Closed on December 25 and 26 and January 1 and 2.
Movies and series filmed in the castle
Doune Castle is not only famous in Scotland for such feasts throughout history, it is also famous for being the setting for series and movies that have earned the attention and affection of millions of spectators. We can say that Doune is ine of the most filmed castle in Scotland together with Eilean Donan Castle at the entrance of Skye Island, on the North West of the country.
Surely if you are a cinephile, you know the Monty Python movie “The Knights of the Square Table” (1974). The hilarious British comedy was set in Doune Castle for numerous scenes.You can see clearly the castle in many parts of this film. In fact, Terry Jones narrates the audio guide of the castle. He is one of the main characters of the movie and a big part in Monty Python as well. This extra together with the views of the castle can make you feel quite inside the movie. The audio, of course, is accompanied by a great dose of humor. If you open your eyes well during your visit, you will find several corners where scenes were recorded, such as, for example, the great hall itself, where a bizarre musical number is produced.
Another film work shot in the medieval fortress was Ivanhoe (1952), a film based on the novel of the same name by Sir Walter Scott and starring Elizabeth Taylor and Robert Taylor. If you have seen it, you will know that it is an authentic medieval tale, so it is not surprising that the castle was chosen as the backdrop.
The Outlander tv series also wanted to use the fortification facilities for some of its scenes. In this case, the castle is presented as the headquarters of the Mackenzie clan, and its ruins are visited by Claire and Frank in the first chapter. Fans of the series will immediately recognize the exterior of the castle, and also its interior, although perhaps with more difficulty, since it was covered by 65 tons of earth during filming. Since the appearance of the castle in the series, visits to this tourist attraction have grown by 40%.
If we talk about series, we cannot miss one of the biggest television productions in recent years: Game of Thrones. Famous for choosing dream destinations as locations for its chapters, HBO fiction chose Doune Castle as one of the first scenarios for the characters of the House of Stark. The Winterfell Kingdom, introduced in the series’ pilot chapter, is actually the expanded fortification with special effects. Without a doubt, a good way to visualise the greatness of construction in its best years.
As you can see, Scotland is the perfect setting to tell incredible stories and make our imaginations fly, with Doune Castle being a clear example of this. If you visit Doune it will be something that you will remember for the rest of your live. | <urn:uuid:71dd6d7a-9c6e-46c0-a33b-f97c05091afc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lochnessbus.com/scotland-travel-guide/doune-castle-travel-guide-lochnessbus-com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.97316 | 2,331 | 2.375 | 2 |
Classic demographics like age and gender – despite being tried and tested for years – appear to be losing their popularity among marketers as the most common form of segmentation. The shift in use of audience insights over more generic targeting options such as demographic information is happening as a result of the wealth of customer data now available.
During this article, I’ll cover the rise of audience data, why brands are ditching demographics, how they’re leveraging audience insights, and the results they’re reaping by doing so.
The Rise of Audience Insights
Demographics is the study of a population based on factors such as age, race, and sex, it also refers to socio-economic information such as employment, education, income, marriage rates, birth and death rates.
The challenge with classic demographics is they use broad characteristics to group people and such assumptions make them superficial.
Segmenting your audience based on their real (and not theoretical) behaviour is a much more precise way of targeting. Traditionally, tracking intent was difficult to do, which is why we’re used to leveraging demographics for lack of a better alternative. However, thanks to technology advancements such as the internet, social media, big data, predictive analytics and artificial intelligence, marketers can now equip themselves with the tools needed to track such behaviours.
When we consider the fact that the average person shares around 9 pieces of content online each day, the digital breadcrumbs left behind are vast.
Savvy brands are looking towards social media to piece the breadcrumbs together and build more reliable profiles of their target market, better predict their next move and optimise the customer journey and targeting capabilities. Consumer Insights Tools like Linkfluence and Meltwater's consumer insights solution provide you with such data.
Examples of audience insights you can track based on social media behaviour
- Interests, wants, needs and values
- Personality traits e.g. their tendency to be compassionate and cooperative towards others
- Affiliated companies and media e.g. the TV channels and shows that your audience show interest in
- Online conversations and opinion leaders that influence decision making
- Purchase influence factors, e.g. whether they prefer using credit cards for shopping or are likely to respond to targeted advertising
- Devices used by the audience
- The relevance of each social network
- Popular content types
- When the audience is most active online e.g. days and times
- Consumer trends
- Communities who follow each other
Brands Ditching Demographics
2019 saw a number of large companies’ holt solely using demographics in a bid to move from “wasteful” mass marketing to mass one-to-one brand building by targeting people with similar characteristics. That’s not to say demographics are dead or that psychographics will eliminate them, rather, they complement one another to create a more robust picture of consumer types and behaviour intent.
I’ve included some of the leading brands championing audience insights below, as well as the results they’ve seen by doing so.
As part of a drive to modernise its marketing spend, this year P&G announced a shift in priority: moving away from traditional mass marketing methods towards smarter audience segmentation.
CEO, David Taylor, explained how the company is using the +1 billion consumer IDs they’ve amassed globally to build audience segments and serve messages to people who have similar characteristics such as behaviours, mindsets and P&G products. P&G’s data management platform contains anonymous audience data on 90% of the population. In an analytics learning lab, the company combines the audience data with purchase data to generate granular views of consumer habits. The database also enables advanced programmatic media buying that finds people with the highest propensity to buy.
Taylor comments: We are going from generic demographic targeting, like women aged 18 to 35, to more than 350 precise smart audiences, like first-time mums, millennial professionals or first-time washing machine owners… we will get more accomplished at performance marketing to serve people messages that meet their needs.
It has been reported that P&G owned skincare brand, Olay, used smart audiences to reach 65 million high potential users, more than the generic audience of “women ages 25-54,” and spent 10% less with 20% higher sales growth by doing so.
Taylor’s aim is to create campaigns that “clear the highest bar for creative brilliance, sparking conversations, changing behaviour and sometimes defining popular culture.” He believes understanding consumers is the key to making the smart audience approach, stating, “We start with understanding consumers then creating ads that make people think, talk, laugh, cry, smile, share and, of course, buy.”
In a bid to connect more meaningfully with their audience, we also saw Danone outline a plan to park demographics in favour of social data, analytics and technology to more sharply target marketing activities.
Instead of demographics, Chief Strategy and Insights Officer, Elaine Rodrigo, explains how Danone now starts with a data-driven approach to understand people segments, or ‘tribes’ as they refer to them, which are identified and defined by their ‘passion points’, ie behaviours and interests. “These are people with meaningful similarities” explains Rodrigo. “You identify, you create content, you measure. It’s an iterative learning process which feeds back, and then you realise that some worked, and some didn't, so then we know which of the tribes actually means something to your brand and you keep them, keep learning and going deeper.”
Danone’s water brand, Volvic, saw great success from segmenting their audience into 16 different tribes. They used data to identify important micro-moments for each tribe and then created personalised messages that resonated with their intent.
Broadband and telecommunications provider, Telefónica, previously struggled to engage a relevant audience in the Spanish and Latin American market. To overcome this challenge, they built segments of relevant social media users and then divided them by location, level of activity, keywords and how they’re likely to respond to promoted Tweets.
As a result of the strategic insights found from segmenting, they successfully served them with paid personalised messages, helping to optimise the quality of followers, as well as reduce the cost per follower. In fact, they saw an increase of 30,000 new followers, who are more active, followed, and relevant than organically reached ones.
It’s refreshing to see that Fortune 500 brands are acknowledging that the generic, unsophisticated targeting practices of yesteryear are no longer fit for purpose in an age of big data. Interested in learning more about your tribes and the moments that matter to them? Meltwater has the data and insights. FIll out the form below and we'll show you! | <urn:uuid:788270f5-e4f9-41ed-ba6f-640e24c15b43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.meltwater.com/en/blog/why-brands-are-kicking-demographics-to-the-curb-in?uid=why-brands-are-kicking-demographics-to-the-curb-in | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.944073 | 1,565 | 1.554688 | 2 |
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