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EE 599 Graph Signal Processing
- 1 EE 599, Graph Signal Processing, Fall 2015
- 2 Instructor
- 3 Schedule
- 4 Grading
- 5 Material Covered (Subject to Change)
- 6 Texbooks
- 7 References
- 8 Resources
- 9 Lectures and Schedule
- 10 Projects
- 11 Statement for Students with Disabilities
- 12 Statement on Academic Integrity
- 13 Emergency Preparedness/Course Continuity in a Crisis
EE 599, Graph Signal Processing, Fall 2015
Course Description: Theory and applications of emerging tools for signal processing on graphs, including a review of spectral graph theory and newly developed ideas filtering, downsampling, multiresolution decompositions and wavelet transforms"
Prerequisites: EE 483, Introduction to Digital Signal Processing and EE 441, Applied Linear Algebra for Engineering, or equivalent courses. Please note that the course will assume some knowledge of standard DSP concepts as well as of some basic linear algebra. If you took these two courses some time ago it would be a good idea to review some of the key material early in the semester
Background: Graphs have long been used in a wide variety of problems, such analysis of social networks, machine learning, network protocol optimization, decoding of LDPCs or image processing. Techniques based on spectral graph theory provide a "frequency" interpretation of graph data and have proven to be quite popular in many of these applications. In the last few years, a growing amount of work has started extending and complementing spectral graph techniques, leading to the emergence of "Graph Signal Processing" as a broad research field. A common characteristic of this recent work is that it considers the data attached to the vertices as a "graph-signal" and seeks to create new techniques (filtering, sampling, interpolation), similar to those commonly used in conventional signal processing (for audio, images or video), so that they can be applied to these graph signals.
Goals: In this class we provide an overview of this emerging area. The course is aimed at graduate students who have already completed basic coursework in the general areas of signal processing, communications and controls. We start with a review of core concepts, including a review of relevant linear algebra and signal processing concepts. This will be followed by a discussion of advanced topics, focusing on how well established concepts in signal processing are being extended to graph signals (most of this work has taken place in the last 10 years). Finally, we will study specific applications of graph signal processing methods.
Tel: (213) 740-2320
Fax: (213) 740-4651
Email: antonio DOT ortega AT sipi DOT usc DOT edu
- Lectures Tuesday and Thursday, 11:00am-12:20pm, WPH 106
- Office hours Tuesday and Thursday, 2-3:30pm, EEB 436, and by appointment.
- Midterm , Thursday, Nov 5, 11am-12:20pm, in class, room WPH 106.
- Final There will be no final exam
Class participation and homework (20%), Midterm (40%), Project (40%). The final project reports will be due on TBD.
Material Covered (Subject to Change)
- Week 1: Introduction -- Why Graph Signal Processing: concepts, applications and challenges
- Week 2: Introduction to graph concepts -- Linear algebra review
- Week 3: Spectral graph theory -- Orthogonal transforms review
- Week 4:Frequency interpretation -- Nodal Theorems
- Week 5: Graph filtering -- Vertex and Spectral interpretations
- Week 6:Advanced Topic 1: Shift invariance, localization and uncertainty principles
- Week 7: Advanced Topic 2: Downsampling
- Week 8:Advanced Topic 3: Wavelets
- Week 9:Advanced Topic 4: Multiresolution and graph approximation
- Week 10:Advanced Topic 5: Directed Graphs --- Midterm
- Week 11:Application 1: Image Processing
- Week 12:Application 2: Sensor Networks
- Week 13:Application 3: Machine Learning
- Week 14:Application 4: Finite State Machines
- Week 15: Project Discussions and Presentations
- No required textbook. The reference material will include textbooks as well as a number of recent articles
Partial list -- more to be added during the semester
- F. R. Chung, Spectral graph theory, volume92, AMS Bookstore, 1997.
- D. M. Cvetkovic, P. Rowlinson, and S. Simic, An introduction to the theory of graph spectra . Cambridge University Press Cambridge, 2010.
- D. K. Hammond, P. Vandergheynst, and R. Gribonval. Wavelets on graphs via spectral graph theory. Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis , 30(2):129--150, 2011.
- P. Milanfar. A tour of modern image filtering: new insights and methods, both practical and theoretical. Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE , 30(1):106--128, 2013.
- S. K. Narang and A. Ortega. Perfect reconstruction two-channel wavelet filter banks for graph structured data. Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on , 60(6):2786--2799, 2012.
- A. Sandryhaila and J. M. Moura. Discrete signal processing on graphs. IEEE transactions on signal processing , 61(5-8):1644--1656, 2013.
- D. I. Shuman, S. K. Narang, P. Frossard, A. Ortega, and P. Vandergheynst. The emerging field of signal processing on graphs: Extending high-dimensional data analysis to networks and other irregular domains. Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE , 30(3):83--98, 2013.
- D. Spielman, Spectral graph theory, Lecture Notes, Yale University, 2009.
Lectures and Schedule
- For an outline of topics, see above, detailed listing of topics will be updated throughout the semester.
- Lecture 1 (8/25/15)
- Introduction: Graph Signal Processing
- Why is the structure of the graph important
- Examples of graphs in several applications
- Lecture 2 (8/27/15)
- Graphs; Definitions, types of graphs
- The adjacency matrix and the Laplacian
- Signal variation on a graph and frequency
- Lecture 3 (9/1/15)
- Signal variation on a graph and frequency (cont'd)
- Graph Filtering
- Lecture 4 (9/3/15)
- Linear Algebra Review: spaces, inner products, orthogonality, bases and subspaces
- Lecture 5 (9/10/13)
- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors -- Interpretation -- Circular convolution
- Linear Operators based on Polynomials of Adjancency and Laplacian Matrices
- Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues of graphs.
- Lecture 6 (9/12/13)
- Perron-Frobenius Theorem, Rayleigh's Quotient
- No lecture on 9/17/13
- Lecture 7 (9/19/13)
- Presentation and discussion of graph examples from Homework 1
- Lecture 8 (9/24/13)
- Presentations continued
- Bipartite graphs
- Graph Laplacian, Symmetric Normalized Laplacian, Random Walk Laplacian
- Lecture 9 (9/26/13)
- General bounds on eigenvalues
- Fiedler eigenvector and its application to graph bisection
- Lecture 10 (10/1/13)
- Eigenvalue bounds
- Summary of Graph Laplacians
- Lecture 11 (10/3/13)
- Spectral decomposition of a graph signal: spectral filtering
- Nodal domains: definition
- Lecture 12 (10/8/13)
- Results on nodal domains
- Vertex domain filtering
- Polynomials of Graph Laplacian and localized filtering
- Lecture 13 (10/10/13)
- Discussion of IIR, FIR filtering on a graph
- Time frequency localization for regular signals
- Lecture 14 (10/15/13)
- Time frequency localization in Graphs
- Agaskar and Lu (2013)
- Lecture 15 (10/17/13)
- Bounds on Graph Signal Localization
- Motivation of downsampling on graphs
- Lecture 16 (10/22/13)
- Downsampling regular signals
- Results for bipartite graphs
- Open questions
- Lecture 17 (10/24/13)
- Review for the midterm
- No lecture on 10/29/13
- Midterm (10/31/13)
- Lecture 18 (11/5/13)
- Introduction to wavelets
- Two channel filterbanks
- Lecture 19 (11/7/13)
- Lifting based solutions
- Time-frequency trade-off, time, frequency localization
- Lecture 20 (11/12/13)
- Multiresolution Analysis
- Diffusion Wavelets
- Lecture 21 (11/14/13)
- Diffusion Wavelets Construction
- Continuous time wavelet transform
- Lecture 22 (11/19/13)
- Spectral Graph Wavelets
- Graph Filterbanks
- Lecture 23 (11/21/13)
- Lecture 24 (11/26/13)
- Lecture 25 (12/3/13)
- Lecture 26 (12/5/13)
- Project presentations (12/12/13)
- Individual project requirements: TBD
Statement for Students with Disabilities
Any student requesting academic accommodations based on a disability is required to register with Disability Services and Programs (DSP) each semester. A letter of verification for approved accommodations can be obtained from DSP. Please be sure the letter is delivered to me (or to TA) as early in the semester as possible. DSP is located in STU 301 and is open 8:30 a.m.--5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday. The phone number for DSP is (213) 740-0776.
Statement on Academic Integrity
USC seeks to maintain an optimal learning environment. General principles of academic honesty include the concept of respect for the intellectual property of others, the expectation that individual work will be submitted unless otherwise allowed by an instructor, and the obligations both to protect oneÃs own academic work from misuse by others as well as to avoid using anotherÃs work as oneÃs own. All students are expected to understand and abide by these principles. Scampus, the Student Guidebook, contains the Student Conduct Code in Section 11.00, while the recommended sanctions are located in Appendix A http://www.usc.edu/dept/publications/SCAMPUS/gov/
Students will be referred to the Office of Student Judicial Affairs and Community Standards for further review, should there be any suspicion of academic dishonesty. The Review process can be found at http://www.usc.edu/student-affairs/SJACS/.
Emergency Preparedness/Course Continuity in a Crisis
In case of a declared emergency if travel to campus is not feasible, USC executive leadership will announce an electronic way for instructors to teach students in their residence halls or homes using a combination of Blackboard, teleconferencing, and other technologies. | <urn:uuid:4a87fdec-c14a-4997-8d1d-16acba7099b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://biron.usc.edu/wiki/index.php/EE599 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.862931 | 2,488 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Abstract—The university student's dropout is a problem that affects the governments, institutions and students. It has negative effects on the high expenditure in the administrative and academic resources. Predicting dropout has become an advantage for university administrators because it allows discovering students that are at risk of dropout as well as develop actions that allow taking decisions in a timely manner. This research presents a neural network approach through the application of multilayer perceptrom algorithms and radial basis function. As input variables to the models, 11 factors were considered, which produce a negative influence in the desertion at the universities; the data was obtained from a survey of 2670 students of a Public University in Ecuador. The results showed that there is no significant difference in the accuracy rates of the proposed models which correspond to 96.3% for multilayer perceptrom and 96.8% for radial basis function. As a conclusion, the studied models could be considered as an optimal option in terms of accuracy and concordance to predict dropout at the universities.
Index Terms—Prediction, university student desertion, neural networks, multilayer perceptrom, radial basis function.
M. Alban, She is with the Faculty of Engineering and Applied Sciences of the Technical University, Cotopaxi (e-mail: email@example.com). D. Mauricio is with the National University of San Marcos (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org).
Cite: Mayra Alban and David Mauricio, "Neural Networks to Predict Dropout at the Universities," International Journal of Machine Learning and Computing vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 149-153, 2019. | <urn:uuid:b47bb019-2102-46cd-958a-9798a04c0f26> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.ijmlc.org/index.php?m=content&c=index&a=show&catid=84&id=905 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.93114 | 352 | 2 | 2 |
Percocet Withdrawal Timeline, Symptoms, and Treatment
The United States is facing an opioid abuse epidemic with no end in sight. The latest wave of opioid abuse began in the 1990s and has exploded over the past three decades. Since the early 200s, the number of people showing up in the emergency room for opioid abuse has shot up by nearly 152%. By 2013, 46% of medical emergencies related to drug abuse were attributed to opioid abuse. Research on the subject of opioid abuse suggests that about 35,000 people around the world die each year as a direct result of opioid abuse.
These numbers are startling. Opioid abuse often begins when people receive a prescription for painkillers. One of the most common prescription opioid painkillers is Percocet. While Percocet can be used safely for a short period, this medication carries a high risk of addiction because of the way it works in the body and brain. If you or someone you love are abusing Percocet, you must get the treatment you need as soon as possible to avoid the serious consequences of addiction.
Recovery from Percocet addiction is possible, but you must be able to recognize that there is a problem and know what steps to take next. The first step toward recovery involves detox where you have to face the Percocet withdrawal timeline. While opioid withdrawal can be scary, treatment involves pharmaceutical and emotional support.
The more you know about Percocet abuse and treatment for Percocet addiction, the better able you will be to get the help you need.
Recognizing Percocet Addiction
Percocet addiction often causes changes to a person’s behavior and mood. It can impact their ability to function in their day-to-day life. However, addiction often goes unnoticed because people have an inaccurate picture of what an addicted person looks or acts like.
Learning to recognize the behavioral and physical symptoms of addiction can help you recognize that there is a problem and seek the help you or your loved one needs. Some of the behavioral signs of a Percocet addiction include:
- Isolating from others
- Lying or covering up their use
- Stealing or participating in illegal activities
- Spending a lot of time thinking about, getting, using, or recovering from using Percocet
- Having multiple prescriptions for Percocet from different doctors
- Financial trouble
- Legal trouble
- Falling behind at work, school, or in responsibilities at home
These behavioral changes may take time to show up, but they are often clear signs that someone is struggling with substance abuse.
Percocet abuse and addiction can also have severe physical effects.
- Stomach pain
- Poor memory or concentration
If you or someone you love is struggling with Percocet addiction, effective treatment is available. Reach out to the specialists at the Carolina Center for Recovery for information about starting treatment.
Understanding the Percocet Withdrawal Timeline
Often, the first step of Percocet addiction treatment is going through medically supervised detox. During detox, your body has the opportunity to remove toxins, including opioids, and return to a more natural, balanced state.
Without the presence of Percocet, you will likely experience withdrawal. Withdrawal from opioids, including Percocet, can be difficult.
People often experience the worst symptoms of Percocet withdrawal in the first few days. Symptoms typically begin within 24 hours of a person’s last use. These first symptoms include:
- Muscle aches
- Intense cravings
- Loss of appetite
On the second day of withdrawal, symptoms tend to intensify. People may experience new symptoms, such as stomach cramping, sweating, and persistent runny nose.
On day three, people may have waves of nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. They may experience flu-like body aches and fever. People are often so uncomfortable at this point that they may relapse to alleviate their discomfort.
If people can resist their cravings and avoid relapse, their symptoms may begin to diminish on day four. After this, symptoms gradually decrease over the next week or so. Cravings, anxiety, and restlessness may persist for some time.
Individual Factors that Influence the Percocet Withdrawal Timeline
The duration of Percocet withdrawal varies from one person to the next because everyone’s body and metabolism are different. Factors that influence how long Percocet withdrawal lasts include:
- How long you have been addicted to the drug
- How often you take the drug
- The dose you regularly take
- Your age, height, weight, and gender
- Your metabolism
- Liver and kidney function
- Mental health
Regardless of your circumstances, a medical detox center can help you get through the Percocet withdrawal timeline with comfort and ease. Opioid withdrawal is generally treated with opioid replacement medications like methadone or buprenorphine. These medications can reduce the severity and duration of your withdrawal symptoms.
Percocet Detox and Treatment
After a safe, complete detox, you will begin a Percocet addiction treatment program. Addiction treatment programs are offered in a variety of settings and levels of care. Whether you participate in an inpatient, outpatient, or partial hospitalization program (PHP), you will likely receive some combination of evidence-based and holistic treatments. These may include:
- Individual therapy
- Group therapy
- Family therapy
- Medication management
- Mental health and medical care
- Holistic therapies like yoga, acupuncture, nutrition counseling, and other healing treatments
Addiction is never cured. Treatment can help people overcome addiction and learn how to live a healthy, sober lifestyle. However, it is important to stay engaged and active in recovery. This may mean joining a support group or alumni network, continuing therapy, or participating in other opioid addiction treatment programs.
Find Help for Percocet Abuse and Addiction Today at the Carolina Center for Recovery
If you or someone you love is struggling with Percocet addiction or you need support at any stage of addiction recovery, you are not alone. Reach out to the specialists at the Carolina Center for Recovery for more information about the addiction treatment programs we offer.
Medically Reviewed: March 29, 2022
All of the information on this page has been reviewed and verified by a certified addiction professional. | <urn:uuid:a757b784-22e7-438c-b27a-8ad465ec74f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://carolinacenterforrecovery.com/addiction-blog/percocet-withdrawal-timeline/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.936799 | 1,376 | 2.234375 | 2 |
HOW DO I FIX CLOUDY WATER?
- Ensure you have completed all of the steps recommended in – Basic Maintenance
- Use a CLARIFIER – Dazzle Nature Sheen
The WHY: Clarifier can come in a powder or liquid form. Clarifier helps accumulate oils so the filter can easily catch them. Not all of the oils and particles will make it to your filter right away, so often, after use, this will show up as a SCUM line deposited on the inside perimeter of your hot tub.
The HOW: Use as needed. This is a highly concentrated product. The recommended dose is 20ml per 1000L of water. Give the bottle 1 or 2 squeezes into circulating water and let the jets run on high for one cycle. A scum line will appear on the perimeter of your hot tub, which you can wash with a cloth and encourage the capture of debris towards the skimmer/filter. It is recommended to schedule a filter cleaning following the clarifier treatment to remove the oils & debris accumulated into the filter.
WHY IS MY HOT TUB SUDDENLY A BUBBLE BATH?
- Use a DEFOAMER – Dazzle Defoamer
The WHY: Soap residues from skin or swimsuits can cause a mini bubble bath.
The HOW: This also a highly concentrated product. Use extremely sparingly, or you may end up with an oily film on the surface of your water! The recommended dose is 10ml per 1000L of water. Run the jets at high speed to agitate bubbles. Shake up the bottle of the defoamer and give 1 light squeeze into circulating water. Let this work into the body of water for several minutes before deciding to add more. Often this will be enough to take care of any bubbles forming in the hot tub. Alternatively, the Defoamer can be placed directly into a spray bottle and misted onto the water's surface. This will give you the best control over how much product is used.
MY HOT TUB HAS BEEN EMPTY FOR AN EXTENDED PERIOD, WHAT SHOULD I DO?
I PURCHASED A USED HOT TUB, HOW DO I CLEAN IT?
WHY DO I HAVE LITTLE WHITE FLAKES FLOATING AROUND?
- Use a DRAIN PREP – Dazzle Drain Prep
The WHY: If a tub has been winterized or just shut off for an extended period of time, the residual water that has been left behind is an ideal breeding ground for bacteria. Once re-filled with water, bacteria will circulate through the new body of water and flow through the plumbing. You may notice that it doesn’t smell or look very clean even though you have filled it up fresh. Or you bought the tub 2nd hand, and it might be a good idea to give it a good clean when you’re not familiar with the previous owner’s sanitation procedures. Another scenario can be if the tub has been in use, but the chemicals have been neglected for an extended period of time, leaving you with little white flakes (bacteria) floating in the water. A proper Sanitize/Drain/Re-Fill will be necessary to re-enter the Tub safely.
- Remove your filters and use this time to soak/rinse them with a filter cleaning solution. If the previous owners used the filters, I’d recommend purchasing new & discarding the old ones.
- Add a bottle of Drain Prep to a full body of water. Add 1 Capful of Amaze Plus (Chlorinated Shock), 1-2 Tablets of Chlorine.
- The Drain Prep will lift the organic material from the pipes while the Chlorine neutralizes the bacteria. Run this solution for a minimum of 24hrs while cycling the jets as often as possible. For best results, bring your tub up to temperature, and allow 2-3 days to cycle with this solution.
- Test each day for Chlorine Levels. If the strip is FADED or white, the chlorine you have added to the tub has been busy! Please add more. If there is still a chlorine reading on your strip, do not add more. At this time, don’t worry too much about over chlorination, as the current body of water will be dumped.
- If familiar with the topside’s programming, it's recommended to increase the filtration cycle during this time to keep the water moving as much as possible.
- Once complete, drain the tub and use a Wet/Dry Vacuum to suck out the remaining water from the footwell and inside the tub, sucking through each individual jet. You may give it an optional wipe on the inside with a vinegar solution. Just be sure to rinse and vacuum if any commercial products are used.
- Install new or clean filters, re-fill with fresh water, and follow – Basic Maintenance
WHY IS MY WATER TURNING REDDISH/BROWN?
- Use a METAL STAIN & SCALE – AQUA COP-OUT
The WHY: A high concentration of copper or iron typically found in Well Water, is oxidized by the chlorine instantly producing a rusted colour in your hot tub.
The HOW: This is a highly concentrated product. The recommended dose is 12ml per 1000L. Add a small amount of product to the water with the jets on. Allow the product to circulate into the water for at least 20 minutes before adding a 2nd dose. If Reddish/brown colour persists, add another small amount. The Cop-Out will solubilize the copper/iron in the water returning your water clarity to normal. If you have a hefty concentration of metals in your water, the cop-out may appear as a “pink dust” that can be vacuumed out of the tub.
HOW DO I REMOVE DIRT/DEBRIS THAT SETTLES AT THE BOTTOM OF MY HOT TUB?
- Use a SPA VACUUM – QUICK VAC
The WHY: Hair, sand, dirt…you name it. Not everything gets caught by the filter. Debris can settle to the bottom of the tub and seating.
The HOW: The Quickvac has a clear plastic tube containing a check valve, and is attached to a hose. Pump the tube up and down into the water to establish water flow. This creates a siphon, and now you can direct the tube anywhere in the water to remove up all the little bits of debris settled in the footwell.
HOW DO I DRAIN MY HOT TUB?
- Use a SPA DRAIN – QUICK DRAIN
The WHY: Generally hot tubs come equipped with a drain valve, but they can fail or be un-accessible. Or depending on where your tub sits, you might need an extra hose to avoid flooding the area immediately surrounding your hot tub.
The HOW: The Quick Drain has a large clear plastic tube containing a check valve attached to a hose. Position the hose to lie below the bottom of the tub. Pump the tube into the water with long & fast stokes approx. 10-15 times to establish water flow. To maximize flow, wait 1 minute, and then pump 5-10 more times. Let rest in the footwell of your tub until drained. If you want to remove any residual water, you can use a wet/dry vacuum.
DO I NEED TO ADD CALCIUM TO MY HOT TUB (HARDNESS)?
- Do not use, or use very little CALCIUM
The WHY: While it is true if your tap water doesn't have enough calcium (soft water) that it will corrode the materials it comes in contact with. Typically, you'll see evidence of this corrosion in your home around the drains in your sinks & bathtubs.
The range for Calcium Hardness is pretty wide. 80 - 200ppm. The majority of City Water contains more than enough Calcium, which is why you're not experiencing pitting in your bathroom sinks/tubs.
We find that adding Calcium to the water has a tendency to cause more issues than benefits for the majority of users. You start to get into an unnecessary balancing act. Adding Calcium to the water, and then adding Stain & Scale to neutralize it, so you don't get the scaling. Essentially making those two products redundant. Too much calcium in the water shows up as a difficult to remove white ring around the inner perimeter of the hot tub. It also coats heaters and the interior walls of your plumbing. Once the calcium is there, it is extremely difficult (if not impossible) to remove. You end up with constant white flakes showing up in your water. Over time, this will require you to start replacing equipment and components sooner than expected.
The HOW: If you're a stickler for making sure your levels are perfect, including Calcium, we recommend having no more than 80-100ppm max. Otherwise, the only time you may actually need to add it is if you're using a well water source that is completely void of calcium. In these cases, please follow the directions carefully and add specific amounts appropriate to the water capacity of the hot tub. | <urn:uuid:90550dac-e656-4d38-89d2-2443d422d48a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thehottubshop.ca/hot-tub-chemical-tutorial-part-2-faq-assisting-products/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.918205 | 1,929 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Dr. Marcus Butler
Clinical Head of the Immune Monitoring Team
Princess Margaret Cancer Centre
Melanomas on the skin usually start as areas of pigmentation that’s changed or irregular. If they are noticed and picked up early, they can often be removed. But in some cases it turns into something much greater.
In this segment, we will hear from Dr. Marcus Butler from Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Kathy Barnard from Save Your Skin, and Shannon, who has been living with metastatic melanoma since 2005. They will be telling their stories, and sharing support options for those seeking education on metastatic melanoma.
This program was supported by | <urn:uuid:a23e0a42-6922-4713-b8f0-f18a4257b78e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://realpatientsspeak.com/metastatic-melanoma/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.944235 | 137 | 1.726563 | 2 |
August Militaria, Autographs, Collectibles & Toys Auction
(1912 – 1996) German WWII Luftwaffe general, fighter ace, and Knight’s Cross recipient. His autograph on a bookplate applied to the front flyleaf of a ‘special autographed copy’ of ‘Fighter General – The Life of Adolf Galland.’ The bookplate is also signed by Col. Raymond F. Tolliver, test pilot and military historian, and writer Trevor J. Constable. Eagle Editions Ltd. 1990, in English, 355 pages, 6.5 x 9.5 inches. Very good. | <urn:uuid:fa393c48-c2a1-48e5-bfeb-76157d2560e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fairhillauction.com/auction/226-august-militaria-autographs/lot-1-adolf-galland-5/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.867361 | 131 | 1.617188 | 2 |
When I first saw the Roorkee Chair in an episode of the Woodwright’s Shop, I knew it was a project that would go on the build list. I later bought Chris Schwarz’ book Campaign Furniture and read through it several times. I really can’t recommend the book enough. It explores a forgotten style whose influence can be found throughout contemporary furniture. I have plans to build several pieces in the style, including a campaign chest/secretary.
I decided to make the chair the first project to build out of the book. I enjoy working at the lathe. The piece requires minimal lumber. The joinery of the chair, conical mortise and tenon, would be easy to execute. The piece is also very practical. It would also give me a chance to work with leather for the first time. The only hold up was that my lathe could turn only 18 inches between centers.
In January of this year, I purchased a bed extension for the lathe. The bed extension added about 20 inches of distance between centers, easily enough for this chair.
I thought about a number of different wood species for the chair. I ended up settling on using ash. The species is strong and easy to work. Finding good lumber sources is always an adventure. As this work required working with 8/4 (2 inch thick) material, I wanted to be careful on the source of the wood. I haven’t had the best luck in the past with material that thick. Watching a piece of soft maple turn into a pretzel when cut in the past has turned me off of one lumber yard. For this project, I reached out to a local sawyer, Jones Saw Mill. The selection at the saw mill was fantastic. After working with the material, including having it sit and remain stable for several months after initially milling it, proved that this will be a good source in the future.
I brought the material home and proceeded to the band saw to rip it to rough size. The importance of this step can’t be overstated. First, this allowed me to help speed process of acclimating the wood to my workshop by exposing more surfaces to air. Second, the parts in this chair, specifically the four stretchers, need to be made out of dead-straight grain. If these aren’t made from straight grain, there is a larger chance that they will break under the weight of a person sitting in the chair.
After the parts were cut down to rough length, width, and thickness, they were placed on stickers (strips of wood) and stacked to allow them to further dry and acclimate to the shop.
Turning the Parts
The first step was to turn down the legs. I started by making a story stick for the legs and stretchers. This allowed me to mark out the locations of elements (feet, handles) and transitions. It should allow for identical parts. However, you can see that I had some variation in the location of transitions. I can’t speak to whether this sort of variation was present on period campaign pieces.
However, a recent article in Popular Woodworking from George Walker looks at the same sort of variation in turnings. You can see that the same elements were present in each foot. However, the execution of those elements differed significantly from part to part. These aren’t made by a duplicating lathe. Rather, they are made by a person holding a tool.
After completing the legs, the stretchers are then turned down, with rough turning of the conical tenons. Those tenons are further refined by hand with a tapered tenon cutter.
Cutting (Drilling?) the Joinery
The joinery for this chair is all loose. After roughing down the shape of the tenons on the ends of the stretchers, they are finished off with a tapered tenon cutter (think large pencil sharpener). The mortises are first drilled out. They are them reamed out to get a shape that matches the tapered tenons. It was in the reaming step that I ended up hitting a bit of a block.
I have been using a cheap bench-top drill press from Lowes for several years. The drill press has been nothing but trouble. The table on the drill press refused to be square to the bit. While the table could be adjusted side to side to account for tilting, the machine could not be adjusted front to back, where the problem was. This meant adding a sub-table to the drill press along with shims to get it level. This was a constant battle resulting in more wasted time checking for square than I care to admit. In the end, it wasn’t the issues with the table that led me to upgrade my tooling, but rather the lack of power from the drill press. It was simply unable to ream out the mortises, constantly stalling in the wood.
As a result, the chair sat in the lumber rack for a few months while I debated a solution (researched other drill presses). I settled on the 13 inch bench-top drill press from Shop Fox. It had more than enough power and is substantially beefier than the old tool. Once the new drill press arrived and was assembled, it made short work of all of the mortises.
A Brief Detour
The chair sat in it’s partly-finished state from July until late October. During that time, a number of other projects took precedence over it, including instruments, our dining room table, and the plant stand. Additionally, I didn’t want to dive right into the leather work for this chair without a warm-up project. Looking to the book, Campaign Furniture, I decided to make a camp stool for an introduction to working with leather.
The stool is straight forward. It’s three straight-grained turned legs. The legs are joined together using a tri-bolt that allows the legs to pivot around a central point. A leather seat is then added to the top. The stool is light, portable, and durable. It also gave me the chance to cut, join, dye, and finish leather on a much smaller scale than the chair would require.
Finishing The Chair
The final work on the chair included finish-planing the legs, making the tapered pieces for the back, applying garnet shellac and wax, and attaching the hardware. I also decided to dye my own leather.
After starting the chair in June, I made a final push to complete the chair in November, just in time for the annual Western PA Woodworkers November Meeting and Show-and-Tell. The chair turned out well. While it was in parts from June to November, the actual time spent building the chair was less than a full day. The turnings are simple, the joinery is straight forward, and the leather work is fairly easy. I look forward to making more of these in the future. | <urn:uuid:4d4a5f6e-0574-4195-b9e5-72092898b9e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jgabello.com/roorkee-chair/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.970506 | 1,447 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Rolanda – A Recent Success Story!
Computer Class put the Icing on the cake for Rolanda
In May of 2021, Rolanda “Ro ” came into the The Literacy Council office to enroll in the weekly Tech Tuesday computer class. She explained that she was a skilled cake decorator who wanted to get back to work in that field after moving to Hot Springs.
The trouble was, her computer skills were keeping her from doing just that. The requirements for online applications and background checks had proved to be an obstacle with her limited technology skills.
Tutor Jim Rardin helped Ro learn how to use her smartphone to check emails. In a few short lessons with the staff on using emails, filling out online forms, and how to upload scanned documents on computers, Ro had landed the job!
“It is a dream come true! I couldn’t have gotten here if it weren’t for your class. I am so grateful. I tell everyone who says they are having a hard time with computers about your class,” Ro shared.
“Computer skills have become a critical component of literacy today. According to the American Library Association, digital literacy is ‘”the ability to use information and communication technologies to find, evaluate, create, and communicate information, requiring both cognitive and technical skills.’ We are working on just that with the adults we serve,” explains Sarah Richardson, executive director.
Every Tuesday from 2:00-4:00, the Literacy Council holds Tech Tuesday, a class designed for adults to work on computer skills. On the 2nd and 4th Tuesday of each month, there is an additional tutor available to help adults learn how to use their cell phone. Other offerings include Medicare 101 which will take place at 1:00 on Thursdays until December 2. The classes are free, but please register by calling 501-463-2911 to ensure space for everyone.
Raphael is not the only hero in this picture! No, not talking about the Hulk either (he has anger issues), but the lady in red is a super hero. Her name is Eloisa. Eleven years ago, she came to the United States from her home country of Mexico in order to assure her two children could have a good education. Her salary here has sent her daughter to college to become an industrial engineer. Her son is a Certified Public Accountant. She has not seen them since she came to live here but her daughter calls every morning at 6:00, and her son calls every evening.
Growing up in Mexico, her family could not afford to send her to school when she was little, so she stayed at home until she was 9. That’s when she went to work for a woman in another town. She lived in the woman’s house and helped with chores and taking care of the woman’s young son. When he started school, he would come home with papers and books and would teach Eloisa what he had learned. Over the years, that’s how she learned the alphabet, to read and write, and do math. Pretty amazing, really. She worked for that woman (whom she said was very nice) for 22 years. It was after she had married and had a second child that she stopped working. She came to the U.S. when her youngest was 14 and has had a number of jobs including cleaning a school in the evenings and working at McDonalds.
As a child, she saw piñatas being sold in the market and after studying them a bit, she decided that she could make those herself with a little experimentation. Four months later, she produced her first successful piñata which was a vaquero (or in the U. S. a cowboy) with boots, a sombrero and pistols. The vaquero, who was a present for her sister, made her very popular locally for people wanting piñatas. From cowboys she moved on to purple dinosaurs and soon it became a business.
Eloisa has been making piñatas for 30 years. Those piñatas have been sold in Oaxaca, Veracruz, and Chihuahua in Mexico. Now she is making them in Hot Springs. Her shop is at 1231 Central Avenue, Suite A 10. She does not make as many purple dinosaurs, but she does about any shape a customer would want.
AND she has continued her education. For more than a year, she has been learning English as a Second Language at the Literacy Council of Garland County. Her amazing tutor is Claudia Jones who is a retired English teacher. They meet twice a week at 119 Hobson Avenue to practice her new language. With all the determination she has had to succeed in life and with all her adventures, there will be no stopping her.
The Literacy Council of Garland County, Arkansas is a non-profit organization striving to enhance success in daily life by building literacy skills. Our classes are free. Our tutors work for free. We teach basic reading skills and assist with Math comprehension. As long as we receive contributions, we plan to share wonderful stories about our students like Eloisa.
That is what we do at 119 Hobson Avenue. Join us by contributing either financially or by volunteering or both! We will also accept students interested and wanting to learn. (501)624-7323
Another Success Story
Paiyin Lin-Mros ( “Bai”) is a native of Taiwan and a naturalized American citizen. She grew up in the city of Tainan, Taiwan with her family, including four brothers and a sister. She was educated there and graduated from the Taiwanese equivalent of an American high school. During her education she completed the required study in English. She met her American husband Ed Mros in Taiwan where he was employed as a civilian with the U.S. military. With Ed’s retirement the couple returned to the United States and eventually settled in the Hot Springs area.
Bai first came to the Literacy Council of Garland County in 2015 looking for help with her knowledge of English as a second language. Her seeking assistance was initially met with questions on the part of literacy council leadership and ESL tutors. Because Bai is very well versed in conversational English. This due to the combination of her formal high school instruction, an American husband, her involvement with the creative community as a performance artist and daily life in Hot Springs. However, her lack of knowledge of English grammar, especially reading and writing, made her self-conscious and prevented her from pursuing her goal of admittance to National Park College. In short, Bai was atypical for an ESL student. As were her needs. So, after an initial assessment, we set out together to construct a “special” program that would be appropriate.
We began in November of 2015 with Bai choosing the book The Yearling from the Literacy Council library. From there, she read the book a chapter at a time and presented both oral and written synopses for review and correction. At the same time we took up the needed deep dive into English grammar with Geraldine Woods’ English Grammar for Dummies: And Reference for the Rest of Us. The tutor had much to learn also in this venture. Most glaring were some of the fundamental differences in Mandarin Chinese,Taiwanese and English. A prime example being verb tenses. There are no verb tenses in Chinese. While English has as many as twelve. So much time was spent in learning and applying verb tenses to writing and reading exercises. Also problematic was punctuation. Most Americans will readily admit ignorance of English punctuation even with years of instruction in school. One can only imagine how a person whose native languages are Chinese and Taiwanese using characters other than the Arabic alphabet, might react. But Bai persevered.
Meeting for several hours on a weekly basis utilizing both the Woods text and internet grammar sources, we trudged on: Parts of speech, sentence construction, subject/verb agreement, adjectives, adverbs, nouns, pronouns, articles, capitalization, quotations and on and on. We even continued via Skype for several months when Bai made a trip back to Taiwan to visit family and introduce performance art to both the Taiwanese and groups on the Mainland.
Along the way Bai expressed a need to expand her English vocabulary. So utilizing the website EnhanceMyVocabulary.com we included weekly sessions and quizzes involving spelling, definitions and use in sentences of word lists. Over a period of years we added more than 300 words to Bai’s English vocabulary, including some “southern” words and phrases for fun. Then incorporated the words in original writing exercises. Finally, in August of 2020 we agreed that we had done all that we could together.
Today, Bai has successfully completed the National Park College admission process and intends to enroll for the spring semester.
A Tutor’s Perspective from Claudia
What I Get Out of Tutoring
From second grade on, I “played school” all the time. (That and begged my parents for a horse.) One Christmas, my mother gave me a chalkboard with a beautiful, smooth wooden frame. How I loved writing lessons for my imaginary students on that blackboard! In sixth grade, my best friend and I held our own summer school on weekday mornings for a small group of neighborhood kids, complete with a few lessons (of course), crafts, recess, story time, and snack time with KoolAid and cookies.
Fast forward ten years, and I was teaching (without certification) in a small classroom at a “boys’ ranch” in California for kids with behavior problems. That experience inspired me to return to school for my teaching credentials. After teaching for a few years in California, then several more in Idaho, my husband and I moved to Arkansas with our new son. When our son entered school, I returned to the classroom where I taught sixth grade literacy for the next 25 years. It was a job I enjoyed, each year and each class being different but with the same challenge – to try and convince my students that reading and writing can be really fun! I couldn’t convince them all, but I gave it my best and had fun doing it!
Believe it or not, my last two years in the classroom were among the best. One of my “old” students had returned as a teacher herself, and we worked closely together on a team and had a lot of fun. We worked well together – I had years of experience, loved trying new things, and she had enthusiasm and was more tech savvy than I. Almost four years since I retired, she and I still keep in touch. (She’s the one who got me started on texting!) I am surprised by how often I run into old students, some well into their 30’s now, who come up to me in a store or somewhere to say hello. Most will want to tell me about some particular activity they remember from their year in my classroom. It makes my day every time.
To be honest, when I turned 65, I was ready and happy to retire. (No more getting up to a 5:00 alarm! No more paperwork.) I have found my days to be full somehow, even without a job to go to five days a week. And yet, after two years of relaxing, learning to weave, and traveling a bit, I felt something was missing. It wasn’t too hard to figure out the problem: I missed teaching! I didn’t want to work the five days a week (and evenings and weekends) that I had for all those years, but I needed to feel useful again. When a friend mentioned tutoring at the Literacy Council, it seemed like the perfect solution to filling that void in my life.
After working for a year and a half with my three Hispanic students, I am pleased (and sometimes surprised) that they keep coming back for more. I have learned, and am reminded regularly, as I try to explain and teach the ins and outs of English, that learning our language is really hard! I had taught, almost exclusively, kids who grew up speaking English. I could explain things to them and they would understand, for the most part, what I was trying to say. They were familiar with how sentences were put together, used usually-correct verb tenses without thinking, and my job was more one of fine-tuning their skills and introducing new ideas.
With my ESL students, it’s been an entirely different adventure! I do a lot of pantomiming to go along with explanations, a lot of repetition, and (more than I like to admit) I turn to Google Translate for help. We laugh a lot, and my students never fail to thank me for my time as they leave after class. That’s been one huge difference! These students are here by choice, because they really want to learn. (I would be lying if I said that the same was true for many sixth graders.)
Over the many hours I’ve spent tutoring, I have learned about my students’ pasts, their families, their likes and dislikes. We get sidetracked sometimes and discuss things besides the lessons. I have gained a huge amount of respect for them all, taking on this task of learning a new language at this point in their lives. They tell me they want to be able to communicate with more people who come into their lives, to fit in better as part of the society they have chosen to live in. They do this on top of working hard at jobs (actually multiple jobs for two of them) to support their families. Learning English is important to them, and as a result, teaching them is important to me.
Progress is slower than I would like, but I have to remind myself that we only meet one or two days a week for a little over an hour. In addition, despite my years in the classroom, I don’t always feel absolutely confident in how I am teaching my students. I have a curriculum suggested to me when I first started, but it’s not enough. I supplement with materials from the Literacy Council shelves and ones I create at home. Luckily, the internet is loaded with ideas and activities to use! And still, I’m not sure I’m “doing it right.” My job is a bit daunting! English is so hard, much harder when you see it from the point of view of someone who doesn’t speak it. It’s been an eye-opening experience in a number of ways, but also a fulfilling one. | <urn:uuid:db8243eb-b82c-4bb3-82fb-bf0bd1fe242b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.literacycouncilgarlandcounty.org/success-stories/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.981092 | 3,064 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Cherries from Washington used to be the best-selling US products in e-commerce platform Tmall. The USA exported 27 thousand tons of cherries to China in 2017, which was an increase of 95% in comparison with 2016. This was the result of a growing demand for top-quality fruit from the growing middle-class in China.
The popularity of US cherries practically disappeared overnight when the trade war began. China raised the customs tariff on US cherries by 15% in April last year in response to increased US tariffs. China further raised the tariffs another 25% in June. And in September this year China added another 10%. Data from the Northwest Horticultural Council shows that the overall level of customs on cherries increased by 60%.
One paper in the Pacific northwest stated that the area exported 3 million boxes of cherries in 2017, but after two rounds of raised tariffs the overall export volume dropped to 1.7 million boxes. That is a decline of 40%.
Source: Fruit Critic | <urn:uuid:15eed3cc-a25c-4858-82ae-c0ff37a66940> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.freshplaza.com/article/9173127/us-cherry-export-to-china-in-decline-because-of-trade-war/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950208 | 205 | 2.03125 | 2 |
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Developmental Genetics, Reproductive Biology, Fertilization
Chromosome Structure, Sperm Nuclear Remodeling, Paternal Effects
The Wakimoto Lab is interested in developmental and chromosome biology and we apply genetics, genomics and cell biological approaches.
Several years ago, we carried out the largest screen for Drosophila male sterile mutations to date and characterized over 2,000 mutant lines to identify the rare classes affecting sperm function during fertilization and paternal effects during embryogenesis. The investment in recovery and analysis of these male sterile mutations has been extensive, but we have identified nearly 70 genetically defined complementation groups and 10 new sperm proteins. The majority of the molecules are uniquely expressed during spermatogenesis and required for sperm-specific procresses such as biogenesis of the acrosome, sperm activation in the egg cytoplasm, remodeling of sperm chromatin. The analysis of these fertilization-defective and paternal effect mutants have led to new ideas about pathways required for normal sperm-egg membrane interactions and the stable maintenance of paternal chromosomes during early embryogenesis.
Barbara Wakimoto is a Professor of Biology, an Adjunct Professor of Genome Sciences, and a member of the Molecular and Cellular Biology Program at the University of Washington. | <urn:uuid:b6ef192a-271c-4e40-a7f2-a33ca0ac16a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.biology.washington.edu/people/profile/barbara-wakimoto | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.888633 | 268 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Telemedicine offers a lot of promise for both physicians and patients. For doctors, it offers another source of revenue – new patients. Telemedicine can mean lower expenses as well because distant patients don’t require an office or an examination room.
For patients, telemedicine offers:
- The chance to see a doctor from home. Many patients simply are too sick to be able to get to a local doctor’s office or a hospital. Patients in rural towns often don’t have family doctors or specialists who can treat them. A call in to a city or suburban doctor can mean the difference between life and death, getting well or staying sick.
- The opportunity to get a consultation by doctors who are among the best in their fields.
- Less waiting time in the office. With telemedicine the patient and doctor only speak with both are ready.
There are disadvantages too. Doctors often need to touch, feel, position, and even smell their patients. Telemedicine may be a good starting point but it is generally not a replacement for hands-on medical practice.
The legal requirements are constantly changing. Most states now have laws regulating the practice of telemedicine. The laws only get more complicated and more uncertain when telemedicine is practiced across state lines – the doctor and patient or a family doctor and a specialist live in different states. As the technology improves, the laws need to be updated.
Doctors and hospitals should consult with experienced telemedicine attorneys before consulting electronically with patients, physicians, or medical support staff
TELEMEDICINE: KEY STRATEGIES EVERY MD MUST KNOW TO PRACTICE MEDICINE ONLINE
A few years ago, telemedicine and telehealth burst on the scene, immediately challenging established legal frameworks built around brick-and-mortar practices. The novelty forced healthcare […]
The dawn of telemedicine advancements
As telecommunication channels and software improve, the ability to speak with and see a doctor without having to go to the doctor’s office is increasing. The Internet allows anyone with access to communicate with any physician who has access. Patients and doctors can communicate through videoconference chats or by using Skype, or Facetime. Patients can now use smartphones in addition to desktop setups for more than just visits. Phones and apps can check a patient’s vitals and monitor the patient’s activities.
Telemedicine is being used by hospitals, clinics, doctors, and a variety of health care providers of all shapes and sizes. Telemedicine today is being used to provide the following services and medical solutions:
- Here, the patient goes to his/her local ER or local medical office to have an X-Ray examination. The X-Rays are then uploaded and sent to a radiologist at a different location to read and review.
- Telepsychiatry can work for patients who need someone to help them with their behavioral and emotional issues. Psychiatric help generally doesn’t require any physical contact – just the ability to speak and see each other.
- Here a picture of a rash, mole, or other skin abnormality is sent for a remote review.
Telemedicine is also being used by:
- Prenatal care
- Oncology consultations
- Physical therapy
Telemedicine has a history of working well for patients with asthma, bronchitis, back pain, allergies, rashes, diabetes, upper respiratory infections, and hypertension.
Telemedicine should not be used for patients with emergency conditions such as heart failure. It should not be used where an on-site physical examination is required.
TELEMEDICINE PRESCRIPTION AND DISTANT DIAGNOSIS ALLOWED? READ TELEMEDICINE LAWS CAREFULLY – INTERPRETATION CAN BE TRICKY
We know telemedicine is expanding, but are telemedicine prescription and distant diagnosis allowed under any given state legislative scheme?
How Store and Forward Differs from Remote Patient from Monitoring from Synchronous Telemedicine
Some of the standard ways doctors are taking advantage of telemedicine are:
- Store and forward technology. Store data and then send it electronically to a remote site. The information that is sent must be sent securely. It must comply with HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) which regulates access to electronic medical records.
- Remote patient monitoring. This type of telemedicine allows healthcare professionals the ability to check a patient’s vital signs remotely. Remote patient monitoring is especially good for patients with chronic healthcare problems. For example, heartrates and glucose levels can be measured and sent long-distance. If the monitor, shows a spike or an abnormal finding, the doctor can work to get the patient emergency care. Remote patient monitoring is also known as telemonitoring or telehealth.
- Real time telehealth – also called synchronous telemedicine.” This is when the patient and doctor talk to each other directly.
Some software applications, such as clmtrackr, can examine a patient’s facial expressions and then determine his/her emotional states. Software applications are also working to automatically transcribe a patient’s session. Some doctors and hospitals are even using robotics to allow surgeons to remotely perform surgeries long-distance.
Health providers should create contingency plans for in-person visits with qualified doctors if an emergency arises.
Licensing across different states puts a twist into telemedicine practice
Every state has different rules. Many states are updating their new laws to keep up with more sophisticated technology. Different medical associations such as the AMA (American Medical Association) and FSMB (Federation of State Medical Boards) are developing new guidelines. State medical boards are also developing their own protocols.
Before starting any sessions or telemedicine communications, doctors and hospitals should review the following legal requirements, among others, with respected telemedicine healthcare attorneys:
- Licensing across state lines. A major advantage of telemedicine is that a doctor in Texas can treat a patient in New York. The legal problem is that doctors are generally licensed to practice in just one state (maybe two or three at most). Offering telemedicine services within the same state as where the patient is located is usually allowed provided the doctor is licensed in the state and the federal and state laws are followed.
Offering services across state-lines raises a red flag. Conducting telemedicine across state lines requires some sort of agreement between the medical boards of each state or the laws of each state. Doctors must know where the patient is and should review with a trusted telemedicine attorney whether a cross-state licensing arrangement exists.
- Prescribing medications. From a medical viewpoint, prescribing medications from a distance may be acceptable. From a legal viewpoint, most prescriptions are regulated by state law and state medical practice standards. The types of drugs and the amounts of the drugs that can be prescribed do vary from state to state. Physicians and pharmacists need to review these laws with an experienced telemedicine health care attorney before writing and filling these prescriptions. For example, some drugs can’t be prescribed unless there an in-person exam is conducted first.
- Informed consent. As a matter of routine practice, physicians and other healthcare providers should explain to the patient what telemedicine, when it’s available, and the requirements for using it. The patient should understand the risks such as privacy and security concerns, the risk the technology may fail, and the difficulties with scheduling. A few states currently require that patient provide written consent to telemedicine. In other states, an oral consent may suffice.
- An initial face-to-face visit. Many states require that a physician first have a pre-existing relationship with the patient before authorizing telemedicine visits.
- Parity laws require that private payers (in the states that have these laws) reimburse health providers (even if they are in other states) for telemedicine services. Currently, 29 states and Washington D.C. have parity laws. Often, the reimbursement amount for telemedicine services is comparable to face-to-face services. Parity can affect Medicaid reimbursement as well.
- Billing requirements. Doctors who use a telemedicine practice must understanding which services they can bill Medicare, Medicaid for, and private insurance carriers.
According to the Center for Connected Health Care Policy, most states authorize Medicaid services through live video, 9 will pay for store and forward telemedicine, and 14 authorize telemonitoring.
BECAUSE TELEHEALTH AND TELEMEDICINE OFTEN INVOLVE PRACTICE ACROSS STATE LINES, HEALTHCARE PRACTITIONERS MUST UNDERSTAND THE STATE LAWS WHICH ALLOW PRACTICE IN SITUATIONS WHERE THE HEALTHCARE […]
Telemedicine legal and regulatory issues are complicated by the fact that there are numerous legal definitions of telemedicine.
Review your specific situation with your attorney
A few sample questions healthcare providers should ask their lawyer are:
- Which healthcare providers can use telemedicine?
- What are the state requirements for offering telemedicine?
- Can telemedicine be offered across state lines?
- Where must the doctor be when offering the services- a hospital, clinic, office, or some other location?
- Must a doctor or physician be present or available?
- Does the long-distance provider have to see/conduct a physical exam of the patient in-person first?
- Which prescriptions, if any, can be offered through telemedicine?
- Who can be reimbursed for telemedicine health healthcare services? Aside from doctors, can nurse practitioners, clinical psychologists, physician assistants, or nutritional professionals be compensated?
Regulations set forth by the State of Texas for Telemedicine
The Texas Administrative Code and Texas medical boards have their unique set of telemedicine rules and regulations. Some of the telemedicine issues they address are:
- Telemedicine services. The following people can offer telemedicine services:
- A physician
- A physician assistant
- An advanced practice nurse provided the nursed is supervised by a physician and the doctor authorizes the nurse to conduct a telemedicine consultation.
- A distant service provider (the healthcare professional who is providing and/or supervising the telemedicine service) must be licensed to practice medicine in Texas.
- (22 TAC 174.4) requires that the doctor must give the patient an electronic or written notification of the provider’s privacy practices. The physician should work to get a written consent from the patient acknowledging the privacy issues and risks.
- Fraud and abuse. Physicians must adopt standards to prevent fraud and abuse.
- Prior Face-to-face and in-person examinations. An in-person exam requires that the health provider and patient be in the same room. A face-to-face evaluation can be conducted through telemedicine. According to the Texas Medical Board, a distant site provider does not have to see the patient in person, prior to providing treatment using telemedicine. However, the provider must conduct a “face-to-face” evaluation via telemedicine at an “established medical site” prior to providing such ongoing care. Alternatively, telemedicine consults can be offered if the patient was referred by another physician who completed a “face-to-face” evaluation via telemedicine at an established medical site.
- Limited telemedicine licenses. 22 TAC 172.2 also allows the Board to issue a temporary or limited license. 22 TAC 172.12 allows the Board to issue an “out-of-state telemedicine license” once certain designated criteria are met, including certification by a member board of the American Board of Medical Specialties (or similar, designated board), passage of the Texas Medical Jurisprudence Examination, completion of an application, and so on. The out-of-state telemedicine license is a “limited license.”
Significantly, there is a limitation in subsection (c). An out-of-state telemedicine license to practice medicine across state lines shall be limited exclusively to the interpretation of diagnostic testing and reporting results to a physician fully licensed and located in Texas or for the follow-up of patients where the majority of patient care was rendered in another state, and the license holder shall practice medicine in a manner so as to comply with all other statutes and laws governing the practice of medicine in the state of Texas.
Unless a person holds a current full license to practice medicine in this state pursuant to this chapter and the provisions of the Medical Practice Act, Chapter 155 (relating to License to Practice Medicine), a person holding an out-of-state telemedicine license shall not be authorized to physically practice medicine in the state of Texas.
Another possible way to conduct an out-of-state telemedicine consultation in Texas is to use the “episodic consultation” exemption. 22 TAC 172.2 defines “episodic consultation” as: “Consultation on an irregular or infrequent basis involving no more than 24 patients of a physician’s diagnostic or therapeutic practice per calendar year. Multiple consultations may be performed for one or more patients up to 24 patients per calendar year.”
My recommendation, based on the above, is to apply for an out-of-state telemedicine license; or, perform an “episodic consultation.” The limitation of the latter is that it must be given to the Texas-licensed practitioner. One might surmise that Texas enforcement authorities would not intervene simply because the patient was looped into that consultation, though we are reading the enforcement tea leaves here.
What to look for in California’s new Telemedicine law
Fierce Health Care, reported that California passed a telemedicine law titled “The Telehealth Advancement Act of 2011,” (AB 415). The law is illustrative of some of the new telemedicine laws being passed in different states. The new law addresses many telemedicine issues including the following:
- Lessens the need for in-person consultations before offering telemedicine services.
- Replaces the need for written consent of telehealth services with oral consent. The disclosure of telemedicine risks by the doctor and the consent by the patient can both be verbal.
- Permits a hospital that is getting advice from a distant physician to use Medicare’s credentials for telehealth instead of developing the own.
- California doctors can now use store-and-forward technology to provide telemedicine services.
The laws on telemedicine are constantly changing. The uses for telemedicine are expanding. To understand the risk and benefits of please Contact the Cohen Healthcare Law Group. Our healthcare lawyers are respected and admired for their experience as telemedicine lawyers. | <urn:uuid:04369b2f-6ff4-4bb0-874f-db3b088fd4f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cohenhealthcarelaw.com/2018/05/navigate-weird-legal-twists-turns-states-telemedicines-laws/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.923486 | 3,164 | 2.3125 | 2 |
The English word fern comes from the Anglo-Saxon fearn, which is just the regular word for "feather." This is true across Germanic and some other Indo-European languages, including Sanskrit; the identity of ferns and feathers seems to go back to proto-Indo European on the Bronze Age steppes. The name is the first step in our journey, connecting ferns to a whole world of things that ferns are not: lightning, demons, lightning demons, firebirds, ghosts, witches, the devil himself.
The mad folklorist at Old European Culture has this:
Ferns are non flowering plants. But, according to the lore found in Slavic, Baltic and Germanic folklore from Russia to England and from Estonia to Serbia, people once believe that ferns did flower. But only once a year, on the eve of the Summer Solstice (St John's Eve). The flower appeared and disappeared almost instantly, so the gatherer had to be lucky in order to be at the right place at the right time, and quick in order to pick the flower before it vanished.
The fern flower was believed to bring fortune to the person who finds it. In various versions of the tale, the fern flower brought luck, wealth, ability to defeat demons, fulfill wishes, unlock secrets, and understand the language of animals and trees.
But getting this flower was not easy. As a matter of fact it was an almost impossible task. And very very dangerous...Because the flower was closely guarded by evil spirits, or devil himself. They did all they could to prevent the gatherer from obtaining these "fiery blossoms."
The demons' most common ruse was to throw mist over the searchers' eyes, so they could not see their prize; or, in another common variant, they put the searchers to sleep so they would wake in the morning, too late.
Ferns have an ancient association with lightning, which comes in various forms. Some traditions have held that ferns grow where lightning has struck, while others that it deters lightning, so that lightning will not strike a house around which ferns grow. In Serbia they were sometimes called Perun's Flower, after Perun the old thunder god. In northern England fern was sometimes known as lightning plant. This is from Charles Hardwick's Traditions, Superstitions, and Folklore (1872):
Besides the powers already mentioned, fern has others which distinctly mark its affinity with thunder and lightnings. "In places where it grows the devil rarely practises his glamour. He shuns and abhors the house and the place where it is, and thunder, lightning and hail rarely fall there." This is in apparent contradiction with the Polish superstition, according to which the plucking of fern produces a violent thunderstorm; but it is a natural superstition, that the hitherto rooted and transformed-thunderbolt resumes its pristine nature, when the plant that contained it is taken from the ground. In the Thuringian forest fern is called irrkracety or bewildering weed (from irren, to err, go astray), because whoever treads on it unawares loses his wits, and knows not where he is. In fact, he is in that condition of mind which we English call 'thunderstruck,' and which Germans, Romans, and Greeks have agreed in denoting by exactly corresponding terms. He has been crazed by a shock from the lightning with which the fern is charged like a Leyden jar.
The summer solstice is a favourite season for gathering plants of the lightning tribe, and particularly the springwort and fern. It is believed in the Oberpfalz that the springwort, or St. John's wort (johanniswurzel) as some call it, can only be found among the fern on St. John's night. It is said to be of a yellow colour, and to shine in the night like a candle; which is just what is said of the mandrake in an Anglo-Saxon manuscript of the tenth or eleventh century. Moreover, it never stands still, but hops about continually, to avoid the grasp of men. Here, then, in the luminosity and power of nimble movement attributed to the springwort, we have another remarkable tradition signifying the transformation of the lightning into the plant.
And some traditions make this one-night-blooming St. John's Wort to be the fabled fern flower.
Fern seed was also fabulously difficult to obtain, and also possessed great powers. Two in particular show up in many stories: invisibility and love magic. The Grimm Brothers printed the tale of a man who accidentally got some fern seed in his shoe, and when he got home his family shrieked with terror at the sound of his voice; it took him some time to figure out that he was invisible and then yet more to realize that the annoying thing in his shoe must be the cause.
Hardwick passes on the story of a certain Bangle of Lancashire, who fell in love with a neighbor girl but was spurned by her. He fell into despair.
Doctors had been applied to, but he was no better; philters and charms had been tried to bring down the cold hearted maid, but all in vain. ... At length sorcerers and fortunetellers were thought of, and 'Limping Billy,' a noted seer, residing at Radcliffe Bridge, having been consulted, said the lad had no chance of gaining power over the damsel, unless he could take St. John's fern seed; and if he could but secure three grains of that, he might bring to him whatever he wished, that walked, flew, or swam.
(The motif of powerful wizards having a limp or other physical deformity is so old as to be found worldwide, and here we have it again in 19th-century Lancashire.)
Two friends, Plant, a country botanist, and Chirrup, a bird catcher, agreed to accompany Bangle in his expedition in search of the potent fern seed. Plant said he knew where the finest specimens of the herb grew, and led the way to the Boggart Ho' Clough, referred to in the preceding chapter. The three worthies assembled on the Eve of St. John, at midnight, in this then thickly wooded glen.
As a part of the necessary cabalistic implements. Plant brought an earthen dish, "brown and roof " [rough], Chirrup a pewter platter, which he regarded as "breet enough" for their purpose; Bangle's contribution, which he described as "teed wi' web an' woof," and "deep enough," was "a musty dun skull, with the cap sawn off above the eyes, and left flapping like a lid by a piece of tanned scalp, which still adhered. The interior cavities had also been stuffed with moss and lined with clay, kneaded with blood from human veins, and the youth had secured the skull to his shoulders by a twine of three strands made of unbleached flax, of undyed wool, and of woman's hair, from which also depended a raven black tress, which a wily crone had procured from the maid he sought to obtain." A silence, like that of death, was around them, as they entered the open platting. Nothing moved either in tree or brake. Through a space in the foliage the stars were seen pale in heaven, and a crooked moon hung in a bit of blue, amid motionless clouds. All was still and breathless, as if earth, heaven, and the elements were aghast. . . . Gasping, and with cold sweat oozing on his brow. Plant recollected that they were to shake the fern with a forked rod of witch hazel, and by no means must touch it with their hands. . . . Plant drew his knife, and stepping into a moonlighted bush, soon returned with what was wanted, and then went forward. The green knowe [knoll], the old oaks, the encircled space, and the fern were now approached; the latter stiff and erect in a gleamy light. . . . Plant knelt on one knee and held his dish under the fern. Chirrup held his broad plate next below, and Bangle knelt and rested the skull directly under both on the green sod, the lid being open. Plant said,
Good St. John, this seed we crave;
We have dared; shall we have?
A voice responded,
Now the moon is downward starting,
Moon and stars are now departing;
Quick, quick; shake, shake;
He whose heart shall soonest break, let him take.
They looked, and perceived at a glance that a venerable form, in a loose robe, was near them.
Darkness came down like a swoop. The fern was shaken; the upper dish flew into pieces; the pewter one melted; the skull emitted a cry, and eyes glared in its sockets; lights broke; beautiful children were seen walking in their holiday clothes, and graceful female forms sung mournful and enchanting airs. The men stood terrified and fascinated; and Bangle, gazing, bade 'God bless 'em.' A crash followed as if all the timber in the wood was being splintered and torn up; strange and horrid forms appeared from the thickets; the men ran as if sped on the wind. They separated and lost each other.
Plant lay unconscious at home for three days and Chirrup was found at White Moss, raving mad and chasing the wild birds. As for poor Bangle, he found his way home over hedge and ditch, running with supernatural and fearful speed, the skull's eyes glaring at his back, and the lower jaw grinning and jabbering frightful and unintelligible sounds. He had preserved the seed, however, and having taken it from the skull, he buried the latter at the crossroads whence he had taken it. He carried the spell out, and his proud love stood one night beside his bedside in tears. But he had done too much for human nature, and three months later she walked in his funeral procession. | <urn:uuid:50662dfc-05a8-44f6-b6cc-8371d7b21f07> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://benedante.blogspot.com/2021/05/fern-flowers.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.977555 | 2,169 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Magan Magan reviews “Sweatshop Women” Ed Winnie Dunn
Sweatshop Women: Volume One
Ed. Winnie Dunn
Reviewed by MAGAN MAGAN
What does it look like to tell your own story about love, faith, home and history? It looks like a collection of prose and poetry titled Sweatshop Women written by women from Indigenous, migrant and refugee backgrounds. Writers who courageously tackle difficult themes that demand of us our attention. Sweatshop Women are a collective of new writers based in Western Sydney that was established in 2018 to support women from Indigenous and culturally diverse backgrounds. The collection showcases stories from writers who show us what it means to reclaim a narrative that was taken from them. The powerfully relevant collection is reminder of the importance for a community to come together to tell their own stories away from the lens of the powerful. It is a reminder to resist the objectification of marginalisation. The stories published in the anthology are unsurprisingly as diverse as the authors themselves. The identity of the writers range from countries that border the Indian Ocean, South East Asia, South Central Asia, East Asia, West Africa, East Africa, South America, South Central Asia, including writers who are native to Polynesia, Indigenous, and African American. The critically diverse writers illustrate their understanding about the human condition represented in the stories through prose and poetry – crafting stories that are quiet often untold or deemed unimportant.
Sweatshop Women is a collection fundamentally exploring time whilst simultaneously using time as a necessary tool to illustrate the impact of otherness. The writers centralise the themes of their stories as redemptive subjects and do not fear from speaking truth to power. They humanise the characters in their worlds. They give them a name and a voice. In do so, they hold true to the voice of home and history as oppositional subjects with their own modes of existing in the world. As with any collection that is atttuned to the pulse of the subject, it witnesses untold worlds. The writers do not shy away from writing about loss as loss is indeed as much a part of life as joy is. The collection delves into the reality of the capacity of love to exist despite what it means to be a minority in Australia. This reality gives birth to a kind of exile.
The collection begins with a compelling story titled ‘Boragee’, written by Phoebe Grainer that holds Indigenous self-determination on the unceded land of Australia at its core. What does it mean for Australia to acknowledge it’s black history, much less a black history filled with the resistance and pain of the foremothers of country?
‘Yalla, here in buna I will have my child. I scream. There is no one here to hear but Boogagee. My booroo laying underneath like a stone, heavy and swollen. Soon I will turn this buna to blood, blood of ngyu and the woman who brought life, yalla, yallanya buna’.
Despite class playing a critical role in the material life of many individuals, it is often a subject ignored. While working class people create the wealth of a society, working class people do not benefit from their contribution. Class is a social, economic and political system that divides groups based on their class status. Given that an individual’s proximity to power determines their agency to exercise self-expression and since class as a category plays a fundamental role in a person’s life, how does a person protect their sense of self-expression from the designed limitation of class subjugation? As with Ghanaian-Australian writer Jessica Wendy Mensah, she writes a poem that pulls out the visceral feeling of what it means to be of the working class.
‘NO WORK! NO BUSY!
Peace cleaned the trash
spewing black rain’.
The story of the poem invokes a level of self-actualisation for working class people as Wendy articulates the plight of the working class. What does it mean to move towards empowerment? It means one must speak the truth about their context and connect with their own authenticity and give voice to areas of the world, experience in the world that are hidden as Jessica Wendy Mensah does in her poem:
Yoruba packaged their empty
Souls into cubed boxes’
I can’t help but think about James Baldwin when he said ‘The Victim who is able to articulate the situation of the victim has ceased to be a victim: he or she has become a threat’. The brilliance in Wendy’s poem is in its ability to show the destructive nature of class all the while providing a sociological imagination to permit resistance.
The nuance required to capture complicated relationships that exist within a context inundated with ignorance is a difficult lived reality to capture. Much of that difficulty lies in the relationships between the people who are marginalised as a result of their cultural background that is politicised. How does one capture the relationship between an immigrant child and their parents? How does one capture the tensions that are born out of a context that place them (migrants) under patrol? In ‘This Ain’t Bankstown’ Aisha El-Cheikh write what it’s like being othered based on ones hyper-visible identity, after visiting her sons future high school. ‘My first born will start year 7 next year. A good school means a good life’. The writer speaks to the experience of being on fringe as ‘little Drew Barrymore yells out and when I look back in her direction, I notice that a lot of the adults here tonight are starring at me too. I can feel the end of my hijab unfolding as if their stares have pulled the pins out’.
The potency of the collection is in its ability to create understanding about worlds that are invisible. The way in which the writers give meaning to the experiences of the characters and of how realism is used by making visible the hidden truths and their essences in the world gives room to posibility. The stories make possible the transformative process to be able to name an experience. In ‘A Curse And A Prayer’ Naima Ibrahim story is example of how ones own subjectivity can be understood as she writes about a mothering struggling to with her son:
‘Hamid held my hands and there were a few seconds of silence as I took a deep breath. Hamid rose from his chair and walked to his room, finally taking his adidas shoes off. There was a gentle lock. And soon after, just finally, I could hear the lowered sound of rap music playing. I sighed, buried my face into my hands and began praying again’.
The collection highlights the importance of a community to tell their own stories. The power of telling ones own stories fosters connection to the self as well as a connection to a force bigger than the individual. The struggle for self-determination through story telling is undoubtedly a fight about love as shown through Sweatshop Women, a collection of stories taking concerted steps to put stories about marginalised people on the map, with all its complexities.
‘Here in the inner-west, I can hear the swoosh-hiss
of compression brakes and beep-beep-beeps
of mothers on school run, shiny in their urban four-wheel drives’.
– Gayatri Nair
MAGAN MAGAN is a writer and poet based in Melbourne. He holds a Creative Writing Degree from Victoria University. Magan was a 2018 Wheeler Centre Hot Desk Fellow and a co editor of the Black Inc anthology Growing Up African In Australia (Black Inc, 2019) and The 2019 Volume 7 of the Australian Poetry Anthology. | <urn:uuid:71b8aa3f-086a-4626-81cf-8eea3e525526> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dev.mascarareview.com/review/magan-magan-reviews-sweatshop-women-ed-winnie-dunn/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.962936 | 1,603 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Substance abuse doesn’t just affect the person who is misusing drugs or alcohol, it also affects the people around them. It can especially affect the person’s intimate and personal relationships. This may include friends, family, or roommates. Someone’s substance abuse can cause major distress in a household and, as a reaction to this stress, people may become codependent on the person who is suffering from substance abuse.
While it is important to be supportive of your loved one who may be struggling with addiction, your personal mental health should be your top priority. If taking care of someone who is struggling with substance abuse is taking a toll on your mental health or putting you in a toxic situation, it may be necessary to leave the relationship. If you believe that you may be in a codependent relationship, first try to communicate your concern with your loved one and then reevaluate the situation. However, be prepared to deal with the different types of reaction that the person might have.
What Is Codependency?
Codependency may occur when friends or family members enable a loved one’s substance abuse by hiding the person’s substance abuse problems from other people, giving the person money, or cleaning up the person’s mess so that the person does not receive the full consequences of their actions. This is problematic because when a person doesn’t experience the consequences of their addiction, it is harder for them to see how their addiction negatively affects the people around them.
Codependency is possible in any relationship but is more likely to occur in relationships with addicts. According to a study conducted by the National Institute of Health that consisted of 140 women, codependency scores were higher among wives married to men who are addicts. An addict’s unpredictable behavior due to their substance use disorder may cause anxiety among close friends or family members. The unpredictable nature of an addict’s behavior may make someone feel like they have to put the addict’s needs before their own needs. Codependency may also be accompanied by a person’s need to take care of others or if the person feels guilt for asserting themself. However, asserting yourself in a codependent situation may be the only way to rectify it.
There is debate among professionals as to whether co-dependency is a personality disorder or a reaction to stressful situations that can be caused by living with an addict. Codependency could possibly be a combination of both. It has been observed that there is a correlation between neuroticism, low levels of openness, and agreeableness that can lead to codependency. Codependency may be the result of the person suffering from substance abuse unintentionally manipulating a loved one when under the anxiety of dealing with their addiction.
It is possible that a co-dependent person might be constantly asked to clean up after the person with the substance abuse problem. The person may ask a loved one if they can bail them out of prison or cover up their substance abuse problem from other people. An addict may create an environment of untrustworthiness, chaos, and emotional distress that causes codependency. This can be overwhelming and cause a person to make decisions based on what will cause the least amount of conflict rather than what is best for everyone involved. A person with an agreeable personality trait may become codependent in an effort to avoid confrontations or conflicts.
Setting Boundaries and Leaving Toxic Relationships
Living with an addict can cause boundary distortions, which aren’t healthy for you or your loved one. If your loved one is suffering from substance abuse and has yet to receive treatment, encourage them to do so. You may need to go as far as holding an intervention for your loved one. Keep in mind that there is only so much you can do for your loved one and that, ultimately, they need to be willing to help themselves.
Addiction recovery is a journey of a lifetime that requires a good support system. Boundaries are a healthy way for you to be a part of your loved one’s support system without burning yourself out. If your significant other is a recovering addict, it’s important to communicate your feelings to them. If the person continues to push or overset your boundaries, it might be necessary to remove yourself from the toxic relationship. You cannot control this person and a person suffering from substance use disorder needs to want to get better in order for any meaningful changes to occur.
Codependency can be harmful to both you and your loved one suffering from substance use disorder. It may be easier for certain people to be codependent if they have certain personality types such as being extremely agreeable. If you feel like a loved one is taking advantage of you, set clear boundaries and stick to them. Let them know that you are concerned about them and express to the person how their actions are affecting you. Don’t be afraid to speak up and stick up for yourself.
No matter how much you care about the other person, it’s important that you put your mental health first. Shoreline Recovery Center is here to help you and your loved ones find the proper treatment that could help them in their journey to sobriety and recovery. We offer many different types of treatment programs and therapies that are tailored to a person’s needs. If you feel like you are trapped in a codependent relationship and need help contact, us at (866) 278-8495 to learn more about the programs we offer. | <urn:uuid:0f38b9c9-faa5-422f-998c-0b958e50c169> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shorelinerecoverycenter.com/recognizing-a-relationship-is-codependent/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.959968 | 1,122 | 2.546875 | 3 |
29 Nov, 2019
10 : 00
Exercise is undoubtedly beneficial for people of all ages, and while small children are still too young to participate in structured exercise or sporting activities, there are plenty of things parents can do with their children to get them active from a young age. Recently, YCIS Puxi Early Childhood Education (ECE) teachers Ms Stacey Gregor and Ms Grace Zhou shared eight fun and fantastic activities for parents and their ECE children to get their bodies moving!
To add a challenging and fun element to waiting in line, children can balance on one foot. They can then try switching feet. Can they balance on one foot with both hands on their head? How about balancing on tip toes…or on tip toes on one foot? How long can they balance for? These and other balancing activities help develop coordination and concentration, too!
Reading together is important for preparing and developing literacy, but what about when children can't quite sit still? Parents can suggest that the child “act it out!” For example, pretending to be an animal from the book, a seed growing into a tree, or a wiggly worm can all help children become more engaged while working off some extra energy. Giving children room to use their imaginations and create movements makes them feel that anything is possible!
When it rains, parents can take their children to a green area or the yard outside, and let their children see how the raindrops hit an umbrella or splash on the ground. After the rain stops, the children can step into the small puddles, observe the raindrops covering the flowers and leaves, or dig a small channel to let the water drain away. This active exploration is a great way to learn and get moving at the same time!
When the weather is fine and the sun is shining, children can go outside and discover their shadows in large open spaces. They can turn, move, or run around to see how the shadow changes. Parents can act as ‘shadow makers’, using themselves or objects to create shadows and make them disappear, and the children can try to chase after and catch the shadow. If the children can catch the shadow, they can have a chance to be shadow maker.
In large, open spaces, such as a park, you can take a thin plastic bag, open it against the wind and close it quickly, filling the bag with air. The child can then pat the air in the bag, learning how the air fills different containers. They can then try moving around to “catch the wind” themselves.
Parents can pick up some leaves and hold them in their hands. They can then raise their hands high and scatter the leaves, saying "It's raining!" The children can try to grab the leaves from the air before the leaves hit the ground. To make it more challenging, parents can run in front with children chasing behind.
In a big outdoor space, parents can write a large ‘田’ (‘field’) character on the ground with chalk or brushed water, letting the children run along the lines. When the children run, parents can block different lines and chase the children. Parents should adjust their speed according to the children's running speed.
Although simple in essence, activities like these are a great way to engage children in physical activities whilst also honing other important skills and areas of learning, including discovering nature and physics, enhancing coordination and creativity, improving motor skills and linguistic skills (listening, following directions, etc.) among others. These kinds of movements and activities are genuinely helpful in nurturing active and inquisitive children, which are attributes that will serve them well throughout their lives. | <urn:uuid:8ee2715d-3421-4325-92a1-a177e76f9f11> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ycis-sh.com/en/article/school-news/2658-eight-fun-ways-to-engage-ece-children-in-exercise-2019-en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.954756 | 757 | 3.59375 | 4 |
These GEITP pages, from time to time, highlight a particularly exciting breakthrough in developmental biology [see attached article and editorial]. Single-cell RNA-sequencing methods are revolutionizing our understanding of how cells are specified to become definitive tissues during development. Such studies allow elucidation of virtual lineages for select tissues, and provide detailed expression profiles for cell-types (e.g. pluripotent progenitor cells, which are capable of differentiating into any cell-type). However, a major limitation of previous studies has been the incomplete coverage of vertebrate embryos — owing to the large numbers of cells present in these embryos.
As one of the closest living relatives of vertebrates (animals having spines), the ascidian Ciona intestinalis (sea squirt) serves a critical role in understanding developmental and physiological processes that are comparable to — but far less complex than — those of vertebrates. In comparison to vertebrate embryos, sea squirt embryos are simple: gastrulating embryos (see Figure 1 of attached article, showing gastrula as the original ball of cells) are composed of only 100–200 cells, and swimming tadpoles contain ~2,500 cells.
Owing to these small numbers of cells, it is possible to obtain comprehensive coverage of every cell-type during development, including rare neuronal subtypes. Authors [see attached] extended insights into the regulatory ‘blueprint’ that spans the early phases of embryogenesis, by profiling the transcriptomes (i.e. ‘active gene’ transcripts that are transcribed into messenger RNA) of individual cells in sequentially staged Ciona embryos, from gastrulation at the 110-cell stage to the neurula and larval stages.
Authors determined single-cell transcriptomes for more than 90,000 cells that span the entirety of development — from the onset of gastrulation to swimming tadpoles — in the sea squirt. Authors used single-cell transcriptome trajectories to construct virtual cell-lineage maps and provisional gene networks for 41 neuronal subtypes that comprise the larval nervous system. Authors summarized several applications of these datasets, including annotating the synaptome of swimming tadpoles and tracing the evolutionary origin of cell types such as the vertebrate telencephalon (the most highly developed, and frontal, part of the forebrain, consisting chiefly of the cerebral hemispheres in vertebrates).
Nature 18 July 2019; 571: 349-354 & pp 333-334 (editorial) | <urn:uuid:a134a681-9228-4409-84a6-4cf5f73eb7b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://genewhisperer.com/2019/09/28/comprehensive-single-cell-transcriptome-lineages-of-a-proto-vertebrate-the-sea-squirt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.904254 | 514 | 3 | 3 |
The University of Reston Academic Skills Center (ASC) comprehensively supports matriculated students of all nationalities and cultural/language backgrounds in achieving sustained educational success by providing a variety of free skills development and tutoring services including:
- Academic General Study Skills developmental courses / tutoring sessions
- Academic Lecture and Note-Taking Skills developmental courses / tutoring sessions
- Academic Presentation and Discussion Skills development courses / tutoring sessions
- Academic Reading Skills development courses / tutoring sessions
- Academic Test Preparation development courses / tutoring sessions
- Academic Writing Skills development courses / tutoring sessions
- Time and Stress Management Skills for University Life
- Content-specific study and tutoring sessions related to the academic fields of:
- Business Management
- Information Systems
Upon request, Center staff can further provide specific accommodations to students with disabilities.
The ASC offers a relaxed, welcoming environment where friendly, professionally knowledgeable and experienced Center staff collaboratively work with each student to discover their academic strengths and weaknesses before developing and implementing a tailored plan to help them rapidly become learners that are confident, effective, efficient and independent. Doing so enhances each student’s academic performance and success while at the University of Reston.
To provide the best tutoring and mentoring services to students possible, ASC staff also engage in on-going professional development workshops, courses and certification programs offered through The College Learning and Reading Association (CLRA), and The National Tutoring Association (NTA):
Students interested in learning more about the Center’s offerings or receiving assistance from ASC staff should contact the University of Reston Academic Skills Center by email firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:051668bd-0240-4862-af95-532a4193f875> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://universityofreston.com/academic-resources/academic-skills-center/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.882437 | 341 | 1.65625 | 2 |
The Zambian 2015 Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI) fellows have been urged to utilize their experiences gained during the Fellowship to the best of their ability and contribute effectively to the development of Zambia.
Zambia’s Ambassador to the United States Palan Mulonda urged the Fellows to set their standards very high and to avoid underestimating the effect that they could have in making Zambia a better place.
Ambassador Mulonda was speaking at a dinner he hosted in their honor at the Embassy Residence.
The Ambassador congratulated each of the fellows for having completed the fellowship and recognized their individual achievements within their respective fields.
He emphasized that they were uniquely positioned within each of their fields and that they could use this to be agents of positive change in this regard.
Ambassador Mulonda stated that small and medium enterprises were a key consideration for the development of the Zambian economy and that they could each play a role in contributing to such development.
He cited examples of development of sectors such as tourism, where each one of them could be an ambassador for Zambia and help open up areas such as the northern circuit, to help diversify from the traditionally known Livingstone.
Ambassador Mulonda encouraged the fellows to continue to make follow-ups both within their cohort and with the networks they had created here in the U.S. He further stated that the Zambia Embassy in Washington DC was ready to assist them in any way if and when they needed to make such follow-ups in the U.S or if they required any other relevant information.
He added that he was confident that they indeed possessed the intellect and the capabilities to become future leaders, in line with the underlying principle of the Young African Leaders Initiative (YALI).
The Ambassador recognized the role allocated to one of the fellows, Brian Bwembya (B-Flow) of an Ambassador of change, a role that was recognized by President Barack Obama during his meeting with the 2015 Mandela Fellows earlier in the day.
And giving a vote of thanks Pumulo Mundale thanked Ambassador Mulonda and the embassy staff for providing them support and availing themselves to the fellows.
Ms. Mundale said the fellows were committed to bring development to Zambia in their various fields adding that they would use the best practices learnt in Zambia. | <urn:uuid:f4f5b748-7b7a-4356-85b7-a9481a48792a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lusakavoice.com/2015/08/06/zambian-2015-young-african-leaders-initiative-yali-fellows-urged-to-utilize-their-experiences-to-develop-zambia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.977665 | 475 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Shuttered for 12 years now in the interest of public safety, the National Historic Landmark Rosenwald Apartments have steadily declined while awaiting some sort of new life. Earlier this week, word came via The Tribune of a plan to rehabilitate the partially-salvageable 1929 subsidized housing complex at Michigan and 47th. New York and Indiana-based Landwhite Developers are the force behind a plan for 331 revamped apartments— half designated for seniors, and almost all priced for "working and lower-income families", according to Landwhite executive VP David Roos.
For those unfamiliar with the development, the array of five-story cream-colored brick buildings once boasted 450 subsidized units built in an 'enlightened' period of social housing, when things like materials, ornament, and courtyards mattered. Home to numerous African American cultural giants over the years, such as Quincy Jones, Nat "King" Cole, and Gwendolyn Brooks, the complex was financed by Sears magnate Julius Rosenwald and designed by Ernest Grunsfeld Jr. in the mold of successful Viennese housing blocks. Care to see what the interiors have been reduced to? Check out this great 2010 Flickr photo set from Martin Gonzalez. There's still some useable stuff, like fireplaces and built-in cabinetry, but not much.
The redevelopment calls for a facelift and total gut renovation, at a cost of about $110M. The developer is expected to seek up to $25M in TIF money from the city next week, and they still have to complete the purchase from an Evanston investment company. If all goes according to plan, work will begin this winter and finish in two years. For now, enjoy Hartshorne Plunkard's early mock-ups of exterior work, delivered as usual by Skyscraper Page's Spyguy. Hopefully, this prime example of thoughtful social housing will be around many more years to help inform contemporary design.
·TIF may help revive historic complex [Cityscapes]
·General Development Thread [Skycraper Page] | <urn:uuid:9d2ea95e-5a43-4e2c-8e3d-9caf42aa5eba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chicago.curbed.com/2012/7/5/10354850/plan-emerges-for-rosenwald-apartments-as-it-hunts-for-tifs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.940776 | 422 | 1.976563 | 2 |
by Gian Bautista . March 7th, 2015
Working in either environment has its own advantages and setbacks. Problems such as distractions, interruptions, and the lack of collaborative space are just some of the things you’ll encounter when you opt to work from home. On the other hand, working in an office can be a little more expensive.
In this post, we point out the key drawbacks and benefits of working as a freelancer from home or in an office space. As a designer who wants to venture in the world of freelancing, would you like to work within the convenience of your humble abode? – or would rather dress up everyday, directly interact with people, and accomplish your job in a shared office?
Working within the comforts of your own house means that you will get to save money from transportation expenses. This may also mean that you save yourself from the hassle of waking up early to catch a particular ride and dodge heavy traffic.
Limited to those who have their own house, working from home is a bit cheaper. It saves you from renting a place that is near to your work which you will do to minimize your transportation expenses.
Working in PJs
While working in pajamas may be the best point of working from home, it may also remind you that your bed is just a few steps away which will definitely give you a sleepy mood. Then, you may not accomplish the tasks you have in store for the day.
Occasional Interruptions & Distractions
Interruptions at home are inevitable. These include your companions inside the house and your sources of entertainment (e.g. video games, television), and most especially your bed.
I’ve mention a couple of times how working from home leaves you just a couple of steps from your bed. Working from home means that you can opt to do things without a patterned schedule. That way, you may tend to work non-stop and forget to take a rest in spite of the constant teasing of your bedroom.
No Collaborative Space
Although some prefer to work alone, the lack of collaborative space in your home also means that there is no chance for meetings where you can get the opinions of your peers to better your product.
You Actually “Go” To Work
Office work means that you get to prepare for the job, everyday. You will have the sense of responsibility to come to work on time and accomplish the tasks that were assigned to you at the end of the day. Unlike when you work from home where time is solely in your hands.
Place For Meetings
One good point of working in an office environment is the space provided for collaboration. Meetings are where you will get the chance to brainstorm with your peers to develop project ideas and come up with an awesome product.
Sitting on your very own office cubicle everyday, surrounded by the bosses and your office mates, drives a professional mindset. You sometimes get to work with industry professionals and have this feeling that you’re actually doing it in the “real world”.
As I’ve mentioned a couple of times, another good point of working in an office is that you get to receive real-time feedback from either your boss or peers. Varied observations regarding a project is vital to ensure that you’re always on the right track.
Office work can be a little more expensive as you would want to rent a place that is as near as possible to your work. Why would you want to do that? Answer, to avoid the hassle and expensiveness of transportation.
Although you’re surrounded by your colleagues for a day, working on your office workspace provides an isolated place and barriers occasional interruptions or distractions.
Whichever environment you choose to work at, keep in mind that good performance and productivity will still depend on your working discipline and the way you organize your workspace.
Work from home? – or work in an office? Share us your thoughts and opinions via the comments box below! | <urn:uuid:ad974bed-0477-418c-a8a2-1c70076108ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ucreative.com/articles/freelancing-work-from-home-versus-office-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.961788 | 866 | 1.640625 | 2 |
British Columbians are invited to share their views on how time should be observed in B.C.
Most areas of B.C. “spring forward” into daylight saving time during summer months and “fall back” to standard time in the winter.
“As our neighbours in the western United States move toward permanent daylight saving time, it’s a good time to think about what will work best for British Columbia,” said Premier John Horgan, in a news release. “I invite people to consider our options and take part in an online survey that will help us decide whether to leave things as they are or if it’s time to make a change.”
The online survey will be available from June 24, 2019, to July 19, 2019, at the link below. The survey website has background information on the history of time observance in British Columbia and the impact of various options, such as changes to the timings of sunrise and sunset at different times of year. The survey takes approximately five minutes to complete.
In addition to the online survey, organizations and individuals are invited to provide written submissions about time observance, which affects many key B.C. industries, such as agriculture and transportation.
“I know many people will have strong preferences on this complex question, and this is an opportunity to express them and help government decide our next steps,” Horgan said. “As we monitor what’s happening in other jurisdictions, I look forward to input from British Columbians on how to set our clocks throughout the year.”
Learn more about daylight saving time and complete the survey here: https://engage.gov.bc.ca/daylightsavingtime/ | <urn:uuid:f7143501-1be0-453c-9e2d-fdb0822f143d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pgdailynews.ca/index.php/2019/06/24/b-c-to-seek-public-opinion-on-daylight-saving-time/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947915 | 359 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Revista Brasileira de PolÃtica Internacional – RBPI: Special Issue on Brazil in Global Environmental Governance
The goal of this special issue of Revista Brasileira de PolÃtica Internacional – RBPI is to analyze the role of Brazil in Global Environmental Governance, focusing (but not restricted) to the 2008-2018 period. In the last decade, the Brazilian academic community of international relations has published a significant number of studies, but most of them were not published in English and consequently not submitted to the quality assessment of the international scientific community.
The central assumption of this special issue is that the role of Brazil in global environmental governance has been very heterogeneous depending upon the specific issue. Brazilian and international scholars are welcome to submit on any particular issue of environmental policy, not restricted to the ones referred above. Articles submitted could use diverse theoretical frameworks, including eclectic ones.
All articles should answer all or most of the following questions:
- What has been the evolution of the Brazilian domestic policy in the issue? Has been the policy robust, intermediate or weak?
- What has been the evolution of the Brazilian environmental foreign policy on the issue? Has Brazil been a leader, a follower, a reluctant or a blocker?
- What has been the impact of Brazilian NGOs, corporations and scientific community in the Brazilian environmental foreign policies?
- Is there correspondence or dissonance between the discourse of the Brazilian government on the issue and the effectively implemented policies?
- What has been the relationship between the evolution of the environmental policy and the broader Brazilian foreign policy?
The volume will be edited by Eduardo Viola (Full Professor of International Relations at University of BrasÃlia, BrasÃlia, Brazil) and Veronica Korber Gonçalves (Adjunct Professor of International Relations at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil).
All submissions should be original and unpublished, must be written in English, including an abstract of 70-80 words (and three keywords in English), and follow the Chicago System. They must be in the range of 8.000 words. RBPI general authors guidelines can be seen here. Submissions must be done online through http://www.scielo.br/rbpi.
Articles can be submitted between September 1st, 2018 and April 30th, 2019.
RBPI is published exclusively online at Scielo, following the continuous publication model. This model gives faster publication for authors and also faster access for readers because the articles are published online at the very moment their editorial production is finished. The first segment will be likely released in January 2019. | <urn:uuid:db85019e-1743-47b6-b3f8-dcf700d134ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://environmental-studies.org/?p=762 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.933041 | 548 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Have you heard of the often cited quote: “It’s nothing personal, it’s just business”? You’ll hear it uttered when an entrepreneur has used unscrupulous means to get ahead or close a deal. In business, people—good people—sometimes make tragic choices and ultimately destroy themselves. But nobody has a moral failure all at once. Whether the failure is ethical, sexual, or emotional, the path to moral failure is composed of choices—most of them seemingly small and innocuous.
Strive Masiyiwa of Zimbabwe is one of the Africa’s most successful entrepreneurs. According to Forbes, he is estimated to be worth $280 million. As the founder of Econet Wireless, a telecommunications group that operates in more than 15 countries, his story of prosperity is remarkable. And he attributes his triumphs to his faith in God – it is reported that he reads the Bible for four hours every day! And before making any major business decision, he prays for guidance.
Strive says his company came into existence through the sheer grace of God. It took a five-year court battle before the Zimbabwean Government could licence him to operate the second telephone company in the country. During that time, he prayed fervently and was so sure he’d win the case that when the government tried to issue him a licence before the court ruling, he declined. He continues to build his business on biblical principles. (Read – Leading from a Biblical Viewpoint.)
Some Christians struggle to succeed in business while remaining true to their faith. James M. Pearson, in his book Minefields in the Marketplace, looks at six ethical minefields in which some Christian businessmen and women get caught:
- Ethical Compromise
- Sexual Temptation
- Neglected Relationships
- Spiritual Stagnation
Many careers are ruined, many reputations lost, and many marriages destroyed when well-meaning people get caught up in such situations. Is it possible for people to succeed in commercial pursuits and still be faultless in their worship of God? Minefields in the Marketplace offers spiritual wisdom, guidance, and direction for getting safely through the minefields. | <urn:uuid:3edd9ceb-6dd8-42a0-88ac-f7e560969b25> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wordalivepublishers.com/doing-business-by-the-book/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.969345 | 453 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Tips to surviving lockdown with other people
‘More time with loved ones’ is often cited as an upside to time in lockdown. Counting against it: time to get up close and personal with the bodily functions and hygiene standards of your nearest and dearest. So it’s no wonder the UK’s extended lockdown saw Google search peaks for ‘biting nails’, ‘farting’, ‘burping’, and ‘scratching’ and ‘snot’ hit peaks. And experts say that newfound disgust in your people’s grossness can be dissipated by communication and understanding. Sure, but kudos to Sara and her life choices after encountering her boyfriend’s horror habit. “He picked his nose and he ate it. I was like: what just happened?” She dumped him and his tasty boogers…
Image source: Flickr
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Quick, agenda-free news that doesn't take itself too seriously. Get on it. | <urn:uuid:c302a845-9425-41d2-ad04-cf01dae2ae3b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thesquiz.com.au/quirky-news/tips-to-surviving-lockdown-with-other-people/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.96665 | 259 | 1.804688 | 2 |
The US Department of Homeland Security has proposed a new rule to select H-1B registrations based wage levels instead lottery process to protect jobs of AmePreviewrican workers.
The changes will be applicable to the 85,000 H-1B visas issued every year using lottery. This would give the American tech companies an edge over Indian IT firms as their wage levels are much higher than that of IT services companies.
According to data provided in the h1bdata.info, median salary offered by social media major Facebook based was $167000. The data provided by h1bdata.info, median salary offered by Infosys Limited was $82763 in 2020.
According to brokerage firm HDFC securities median H-1B wage offered by IT services firms stood at $89,000 in FY19.
The proposed changes will be open for comment before implementation.
“Modifying the H-1B cap selection process by replacing the random selection process with a wage-level-based selection process is a better way to allocate H-1Bs when demand exceeds supply,” the agency said in a statement.
If finalised as proposed, this new selection process would incentivise employers to offer higher wages or petition for positions requiring higher skills and higher-skilled workers instead of using the program to fill relatively lower-paid vacancies, the agency further added.
The move comes a week before elections and nearly three weeks after the Trump administration implemented wage hikes and tightened the current H-1B rules. The two rules would have a significant impact on Indian tech workforce in the US.
“With this proposed rule, the Trump administration is continuing to deliver on its promise to protect the American worker while strengthening the economy. The H-1B program is often exploited and abused by U.S. employers, and their U.S. clients, primarily seeking to hire foreign workers and pay lower wages,” said Acting DHS Deputy Secretary Ken Cuccinelli in the statement.
“The current use of random selection to allocate H-1B visas makes it harder for businesses to plan their hiring, fails to leverage the H-1B program to truly compete for the world’s best and brightest, and hurts American workers by bringing in relatively lower-paid foreign labor at the expense of the American workforce.”Interested parties will have 30 days to submit comments relevant to the proposed rule and 60 days to submit comments relevant to the proposed information collection. The department will review all properly submitted comments, consider them carefully, and draft responses before issuing a final rule. | <urn:uuid:1660e6b4-79f8-409a-a052-a4f1e22b7916> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.moneycontrol.com/news/business/us-proposes-new-rule-to-select-h-1b-visa-applicants-6032441.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.955652 | 524 | 1.601563 | 2 |
The Academy is now offering a new course – “Technical Process Course for Valves”.
We believe every one of us always wishes to learn and it is with this idea in mind that we are offering an opportunity irrespective of background knowledge and fields of work. The training content has been compiled to improve your technical knowledge and understanding of valves.
The training outline of the course as follows:
• Valve Selection
• Actuator Sizing
• Pressure Management and Water Loss Control
• Throttling of Valves
• Valve Maintenance and Repair
Should you require more information or would like to register for this course, kindly contact our Academy. | <urn:uuid:094908ec-64a3-41ad-a1f1-91d0c674ac91> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.avkvalves.co.za/en/news/avk-news/training---technical-process | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.912129 | 143 | 1.585938 | 2 |
If you want to provide quality products and services, you understand the importance of testing. Generally, you test your systems, processes, products, and services. This way, you make sure they run optimally, securely, and efficiently. In turn, your end users, customers, and partners will be happy. You’re probably used to running tests in-house, but you also can outsource your testing tasks! How so? With a Testing as a Service (TaaS) provider.
In this article, I’ll discuss what a TaaS is and its benefits. I’ll also show you how Testing as a Service works. I’ll go over the different types of TaaS and you’ll learn when you can use TaaS. Let’s start by defining what TaaS is.
What Is TaaS?
TaaS is a testing-focused service offering delivered by a third-party service provider. Basically, the provider provides testing tools and runs tests for you. You can run different types of tests, so you’ll have to choose different TaaS options. For instance, you may choose a TaaS delivered through the cloud.
However, most offerings have a human component. For example, Penetration Testing as a Service (PTaaS) offerings usually involve ethical hackers. They’ll perform the actual pen tests.
TaaS services typically follow a pay-as-you-go or subscription-based model. That means you don’t have to worry about upfront costs. But does TaaS have other benefits? Let’s find out.
5 Benefits of TaaS
Generally, you conduct your tests in-house. But why should you shift to TaaS? Well, first off, TaaS gives you many cost and operational benefits. Additionally, you’ll improve the testing quality. Aside from that, here are 5 benefits of TaaS.
1. Minimal Upfront Costs
Small businesses sometimes have to postpone testing initiatives due to the cost of testing tools. However, TaaS providers usually purchase testing equipment. You simply need to pay the monthly or annual subscription costs. These ongoing costs are much easier to handle than large upfront costs.
2. Flexible Pricing Models
Large upfront costs can sometimes impede cash flow. Conversely, TaaS follows a consumption-based pricing model. TaaS also can follow a subscription-based model. Both models are very flexible payment schemes. They also won’t constrict your cash flow like a huge capital outlay does. You can continue paying as long as you need to. You also can stop paying when you don’t need the service anymore.
3. Reducible Administrative Overhead
Small businesses often lack the bandwidth to manage and maintain testing tools. But your TaaS provider will handle that for you! First, they’ll purchase the testing tools. The provider will also manage and maintain them. That can free up your IT, software development, and testing staff and let them focus on other tasks. IT can focus on doing IT work, developers can concentrate on writing code, and testers can focus on, well, testing.
4. Testable without Bias
Your in-house testers may be part of your software development team. As a result, they may have a bias that makes them blind to flaws in their work. Third-party testers have no relationship with your company. They also have no idea who worked on the application you’re testing. This way, TaaS can eliminate biases. As a result, you’ll catch bugs and vulnerabilities much better.
5. Scalable Infrastructure
On-premise testing tools and staff aren’t scalable. This means they can’t support your expanding operations. A TaaS provider’s infrastructure is usually built in the cloud. That means it’s highly scalable and has a global reach. Additionally, the TaaS has unlimited testers. This means your TaaS provider can always meet your growing demand.
To sum up, Testing as a Service enables you to offload your testing tasks to a service provider. But how straightforward is it? Good question. In the following section, I’m going to share an overview of how TaaS works.
How Does Testing as a Service Work?
Different Testing as a Service providers have different ways of doing things. But we can summarize the general process in 4 steps. Please note that the below is for a TaaS offering that involves human testers.
- You submit your request to your TaaS service provider.
- Your service provider matches you with qualified testers. Depending on the TaaS platform, some of these testers may be crowdsourced.
- The testers go to work.
- You’ll receive what you were looking for. This outcome varies depending on the type of TaaS you chose. For instance, you’ll receive automated tests if you did regression testing. Conversely, you’ll get results if you perform pen tests.
Alternatively, some TaaS providers offer testing tools or environments on a pay-per-use basis. In these cases, you’ll have to do the testing yourself. If you have in-house testers but don’t want to get testing infrastructure, this kind of TaaS is for you.
Testing as a service comes in different forms. It’s also important to know these types. Otherwise, you might subscribe to a service that’s too broad or too narrow. The following section should give you a good picture of the different types of TaaS.
Types of Testing as a Service
|Type of TaaS||Objectives||Results|
|Application Testing as a Service||Outsource functional/non-functional testing for applications||Speed up time-to-market and improve application quality|
|Cloud Testing as a Service||Outsource functional testing, stress testing, load testing, etc.||Discover potential security, availability, and functional issues|
|Disaster Recovery Testing as a Service||Outsource plan reviews and simulations||Determine whether your business can recover from a disaster and your RTOs and RPOs|
|Functional Testing as a Service||Outsource functional testing for applications||Speed up time-to-market and improve application quality|
|GUI Testing as a Service||Check whether an application’s GUI works as intended and conforms with design standards||Ensure your application evokes a desirable user experience|
|Load Testing as a Service||Determine how much load a particular system can handle and the system’s limits||Ensure your system can handle a particular load|
|Penetration Testing as a Service (PTaaS)||Find vulnerabilities||Inform risk mitigation strategies so they’re more effective against cyber attacks|
|Performance Testing as a Service||Determine a system’s stability, speed, scalability, reliability||Pinpoint performance-impacting bottlenecks|
Note: Usually includes load testing
|Quality Assurance Testing as a Service||Determine whether a system meets your requirements||Implement the necessary fixes to make your system meet your needs|
|Regression Testing as a Service||Check if a recent software update altered good aspects of the app||Discover and patch new bugs from the update|
|Security Testing as a Service||Discover exploitable vulnerabilities||Inform risk mitigation strategies so they’re more effective against cyber attacks |
Note: Usually includes penetration testing, vulnerability scanning, risk assessment, etc.
|Unit Testing as a Service||Catch issues early in the development cycle||Ensure that issues have been addressed promptly so they don’t have a disastrous impact|
- Familiarize yourself with the different types of Testing as a Service. This way, you’ll know what to look for when testing.
- Understand the types of tests you really need. Then, look for a service that matches your needs. Otherwise, you won’t get the best value for your money.
Now, you should have a good grasp of the types of testing services. But when should you use Testing as a Service? Let’s talk about that now.
When Should You Use TaaS?
If you want to maintain or improve your products’ quality, you can use TaaS. However, many believe that testing is only for software development firms. But this isn’t the case. You can use Testing as a Service to find vulnerabilities in your IT infrastructure. You may also use it to determine the limits of your public-facing web apps.
TaaS is also useful when you lack the in-house talent for testing. Additionally, you may want to use TaaS to:
- Eliminate the possibility of internal developers influencing tests for an application you’re building in-house.
- Avoid the upfront costs of purchasing testing tools and infrastructure.
- Free up your developers’ time to work on other projects.
- Run quick, one-off tests. (In this case, purchasing testing tools is impractical.)
Any business worth its salt wants its services to be reliable and performant. And how do you check if you meet these standards? Simple. You run tests against them.
You can either run tests in-house or outsource testing to a TaaS provider. Additionally, you can choose from many different types of TaaS. And each type can help you with your specific testing requirement.In short, TaaS is very suitable when you lack financial and human resources for regular testing.
Do you have more questions? Please check out the FAQ and Resources sections below. You might find some answers there.
What is stress testing?
Stress testing determines what would happen if your system gets pushed beyond its limits. When subjected to a stress test, the system may exhibit degraded performance. It may even fail.
What is the difference between functional and non-functional testing?
Functional testing checks whether a system’s features and functions work. Conversely, non-functional testing determines how well the system works. For instance, performance, load, stress, and recovery tests are all non-functional tests.
What is crowdsourcing?
Crowdsourcing entails using a group’s skills to help you with a project. Crowdsourcing is usually done through the internet. Crowdsourced testing enlists the skills and expertise of professional third-party testers.
What is Software as a Service?
Software as a Service, or SaaS, is a software application delivered through a cloud infrastructure. Generally, SaaS follows a pay-as-you-go or subscription-based payment model. SaaS is scalable and highly available. You also can access it through the web. You can get most TaaS solutions with the SaaS model.
How to minimize risk when outsourcing testing?
Limit third-party testers to certain portions of your system. In addition, you can make them sign a non-disclosure agreement or NDA. You also can ask your TaaS provider about their security measures. For instance, see if their vetting process is strict.
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TechGenix: Article on Firewall Best Practices
Bolster your network defenses with these firewall best practices. | <urn:uuid:8e65b7b9-979c-40ce-ad9e-4b6edc960a54> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techgenix.com/taas-testing-as-a-service/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.921588 | 2,496 | 1.953125 | 2 |
- 1 Introduction
- 2 So, How Does PPC Work And What Is It?
- 3 The Advantages Of Pay-Per-Clicks Advertising
- 4 Issue And Campaign Based Traffic
- 5 Provide An Immediate Response
- 6 Flexibility In Terms Of The Niche
- 7 Maximize ROI (Returns On Investment)
- 8 PPC Is Detectable And Quantitative
- 9 Testing Capabilities
- 10 Conclusion
IntroductionFor the purpose of organically ranking your website on Google, a major commitment and comprehensive know-how of how sites are placed together is required. If you’re an owner of a business or website and wish to get your website raked in the Google search engine to attract lots of traffic; then Pay-Per-Clicks (Google AdWords) is probably created specifically for your sake.
So, How Does PPC Work And What Is It?Pay-Per-Clicks (PPC) refers to the business advertising that is conducted in online marketing whereby the advertisers/ marketers pay a certain fee every time a potential customer clicks on the advertisement. Basically, it is a method of purchasing visit to a website, as opposed to the users that visit the website organically.
Pay-Per-Click advertising offers benefits top position or top level websites. PPC marketing attracts traffic and tries several ways to promote SEO planning with assistance of business models, marketplace verticals and testing keywords.
Google AdWords platform is an advertising system by Google, whereby advertisers/ marketers bid on certain keywords for developing clickable advertisements that will appear in the search results of Google. Advertisers are supposed to pay a certain amount for this. This is basically how Google earns money through the search.
In Pay-Per-Clicks advertising services, you’ve to bid for keywords. Once the query associated with your keywords happens to be made on the Google’s search engine, it will be processed and then runs its auction. The search engine then decides the position of the advertisements and the CPS (Cost/ Click) of every advertiser. Once a web user clicks in your advertisement, you’ll pay the Cost/Click form your marketing budget. After your whole budget is exhausted, Google discontinues your advertisement till you fill the fund again.
The Advantages Of Pay-Per-Clicks AdvertisingSince it’s very costly, many businesses cannot solely depend on Pay-Per-Click advertising. However, PPC advertising contributes certain important roles such as:
Issue And Campaign Based TrafficWhen you’re launching a brand-new product, Pay-Per-Click can be one of the best ways of creating a buzz within the market. One can begin this in about 24 to 48 hours. Additionally, it allows one to alter their text advertisements in the middle of the marketing campaign. This way, it becomes extremely easy for the advertiser to adjust their marketing message within an established amount of time.
Additionally, PPC helps you to attract and reach the relevant audience within the appropriate time since you can direct people based depending on the keyword. Nevertheless, Google AdWords provides additional time for looking the appropriate individuals for your product or brand. You can frequently stop making sure of your business once you get established by potential clients on Google search engine at the real time of their offers and searches.
Provide An Immediate ResponseIf you’re selling a service or a product that a potential customer/client can buy instantly on arriving at your site, Pay-Per-Click can be an amazing tool. A good example about this is the online stores. Since each and every click produces an actual potential customer/client, spending money with the aim of increasing the number of clicks is justifiable.
Additionally, PPC advertising allows you to reveal your marketing budget. Therefore, you won’t have to get into a lot of debt or overspend. PPC advertisements tend to bring instant sales and responses as compared to the organic search engine optimization. It is therefore worth noting about the implication and importance of PPC, organic Social Media Optimization (SMO) and SEO (search engine optimization) since they will effectively work hand to advertise and market your products and services. In addition, you can track the prosperity of your Price-Per-Click marketing campaign. This significantly helps to highlight keywords.
Flexibility In Terms Of The NicheIf you need to generate web traffic for one particular keyword, then PPC often offers you the bargains. For instance, ‘shoe online stores,’ is a costly expensive keyword. However, ‘men leather shoes’ because of low competition can turn out to be such a bargain.
Maximize ROI (Returns On Investment)Since you only get payments after the advertisement is clicked on, it is easy to detect conversions, conduct prices and verify the return on investment. Although PPC drives visitors to a website, certainly grabbing the attention of potential customers and marketers, it should undertake to develop and still nurture long lasting relationships with them.
Pay-Per-Click solely provides limited results. Without worth proposition or whole awareness, the PPC advertising campaigns can solely attract the window shoppers. Bear in mind that not all clicks can lead to sales and not all selling channels operate in vacuum. Therefore, associate intelligent Pay-Per-Clicks advertising campaign is needed for boosting the Connecticut and worth of the paid search efforts of sales. | <urn:uuid:f365b04d-6ae9-48f4-962d-a6be7b43810d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://billlentis.com/what-is-pay-per-click-management-service-and-how-does-it-benefit-you/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.912089 | 1,111 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Short term, tactical thinking:
When Israel first encountered Islamists in Gaza in the 1970s and ’80s, they seemed focused on studying the Quran, not on confrontation with Israel. The Israeli government officially recognized a precursor to Hamas called Mujama Al-Islamiya, registering the group as a charity. It allowed Mujama members to set up an Islamic university and build mosques, clubs and schools. Crucially, Israel often stood aside when the Islamists and their secular left-wing Palestinian rivals battled, sometimes violently, for influence in both Gaza and the West Bank.
“When I look back at the chain of events I think we made a mistake,” says David Hacham, who worked in Gaza in the late 1980s and early ’90s as an Arab-affairs expert in the Israeli military. “But at the time nobody thought about the possible results.”
Read the rest. | <urn:uuid:c8184334-a8ce-482d-a5cf-be7229c683fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lawyersgunsmoneyblog.com/2009/01/strategic-level-failure | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.964611 | 190 | 1.828125 | 2 |
P2P File Sharing (Torrent, KaZaa, Limewire, etc.)
The Internet, "Free" Music, "Free" Movies, Big Fines and Jail Time
What do these things have in common?
SUU has recently received several notices that people on this campus have been involved with downloading and sharing copyrighted music, movies, software, etc. Students as well as employees on campus will be held legally responsible for the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing services. Some have pointed out that people copy pages out of copyrighted books all the time. Copy machines are available all over campus, including in the library, for people to use. No one seems to care about what people are copying. So why does anyone care about what people do on their computers? The following two reasons are very important. One, peer-to-peer file sharing uses so much of the available bandwidth that important work suffers. Two, file swapping can be tracked on the Internet to identify who is swapping files. Copyright holders are prosecuting file swappers and the owners of suspect IP addresses. At SUU, the IP addresses being used belong to the campus, which makes the campus legally liable. The campus cannot afford a law suit. Therefore, in order to protect the campus, the Information Technology department must take the side of any prosecuting party and help them as much as is legally possible. According to the Campus Computing, Internet Use, and Network Security Policy, www.suu.edu/pub/policies/ Section 5.2 subsection V, "all users of university computing resources must comply with all federal, Utah, and other applicable law; all applicable university policies; and all applicable contracts and licenses." This includes copyright laws.
The Bandwidth Issue
About a year ago the bandwidth problem first became evident. It was first noticeable by the number of complaints about the slow Internet access. This slow down was due to all of the bandwidth being used up by the peer-to-peer file sharing. During the investigation of how to stop the file sharing, the campus received the first formal notice informing us that someone on our campus was sharing enabling keys for copyrighted software. These notices come with enough information to track down the individual machine and the person responsible. To avoid the legal hassle, the computer was removed, the hard drive erased, and only the necessary software was replaced before returning the machine. This incident only accelerated the effort to block the file sharing.
The campus is protected by a firewall that keeps people on the outside from hacking the computers on campus. It can also be used to stop on campus computers from gaining access to select services off campus. As one P2P service was blocked, people would just move to another, and the traffic bottleneck would return. It took several months, but by the middle of spring 2002 we felt we had a pretty good handle on the traffic problem. A few services may not have been stopped, but they weren't very common and people wouldn't use them for very long. These services automatically loaded a lot of other unwanted software and advertisements that would degrade a machine's performance to the point it was nearly unusable within a couple of months. Many computers on campus had to have Windows reinstalled from scratch. That usually was a painful enough experience to keep people from trying again.
Then during the summer of 2002 Kazaa released Kazaa2, which totally changed the whole picture. They, as well as several other P2P services, adopted a new sharing protocol which could no longer be stopped by a firewall. Equipment that can stop it is very expensive at this time. This school year, Internet utilization at SUU has continued to grow. On November 11, 2002, the student newspaper of Utah State University published an article that helps explain the bandwidth problem.
THE UTAH STATESMAN: Speeding Up the Campus Internet by Josh Dustin
The Internet connection at Utah State University is fed from two DS-3s that we share with most of the other higher and lower educational institutions in Northern Utah.
The signal level of a DS-3 is equivalent to 28 T1 channels, or about 44.736 Mbps each direction. Since we have two DS-3s, we have the equivalent of 56 T1 channels. That's 89.472 Mbps download, and 89.472 Mbps upload. The cost of one DS-3 is about $40,000 per month, and again, we have two.
Miles Johnson , of USU Network and Computing Services, said if we didn't limit file-sharing programs like Morpheus and Limewire, the bandwidth needed to support the University would go up approximately five fold. Five times our current usage would be 10 DS-3s, costing roughly $400,000 a month.
Internet access at this university is a privilege. It is provided by the Utah Education Network and must be used for educational purposes only.
If you live in housing and can't get a different provider, remember that you attend an educational institution and you connect to its network. The full article can be found at www.utahstatesman.com (registration is required for login). The Internet connection at SUU is a singe DS-3 that is shared with the public ed institutions from Milford to Lake Powell, as well as Dixie State College, Snow College and all the public ed institutions around them as well. That alone demands prudent use by everyone involved. In an effort to protect the speed of the Internet to this campus, efforts will continue to be made to stop the file sharing.
The Legal Issue
Over twenty P2P services are available. Kazaa appears to be the most popular but legally they are all the same. When a person downloads the Kazaa software, they must agree to the license terms before they are able to download it. That agreement includes the following; (Please notice 6.3):
2 What you can't do under this Licence You agree not to use the Software to: 2.1 Transmit or communicate any data that is unlawful, harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, defamatory, vulgar, obscene, invasive of another's privacy, hateful, or racially, ethnically or otherwise objectionable; 2.6 Transmit, access or communicate any data that infringes any patent, trademark, trade secret, copyright or other proprietary rights of any party; 6 Copyright Infringement 6.1 Sharman respects copyright and other laws. Sharman requires all Kazaa Media Desktop users to comply with copyright and other laws. Sharman does not by the supply of the Software authorize you to infringe the copyright or other rights of third parties. 6.2 As a condition to use the Software, you agree that you must not use the Software to infringe the intellectual property or other rights of others, in any way. The unauthorized reproduction, distribution, modification, public display, communication to the public or public performance of copyrighted works is an infringement of copyright. 6.3 Users are entirely responsible for their conduct and for ensuring that it complies with all applicable copyright and data-protection laws. In the event a user fails to comply with laws regarding copyrights or other intellectual property rights and data-protection and privacy, such a user may be exposed to civil and criminal liability, including possible fines and jail time.
The movie and music recording industries are cracking down on piracy. Colleges and universities are definitely on their target list. On November 26, 2002 the New York Times www.nytimes.com published an article that demonstrates this.
NEW YORK TIMES NEWS SERVICE by Amy Harmon
In the most severe crackdown yet on online piracy at a college campus, the U.S. Naval Academy has seized 100 computers from students who are suspected of having downloaded unauthorized copies of music files over the Internet.
School officials confiscated the computers when students were in class on Thursday, an academy spokesman said yesterday. Students found to have downloaded copyrighted material could face penalties ranging from loss of leave time to court-martial and expulsion.
The academy was one of 2,300 colleges to receive a letter from entertainment industry organizations last month requesting help in cracking down on unauthorized file swapping.
The record industry largely attributes the decline in CD sales over the last 18 months to digital piracy, and has brought increasing pressure on institutions in a position to identify and discipline the downloaders.
" 'Theft' is a harsh word," the letter to colleges stated, "but that it is, pure and simple. Students must know that if they pirate copyrighted works they are subject to legal liability." With the recent notices of violation, very little has been done. So far, the person has been contacted and asked to stop. After discussions with campus police and campus legal counsel, it has been determined that any future notices will be handled differently. The individual will be identified and as much information as is legally possible (name, phone number, address, etc.) will be given to the prosecuting party. The offending person may only receive a campus E-mail informing them that such has occurred. By that time, even if the person does delete every trace of the software, enough information will have been gathered to stand up in court. Your best protection against any of these increasingly harsh consequences is to obey the law and respect the legal rights of the copyright holders. The University will continue to cooperate with the copyright holders in every way possible. It is quite clear that anyone prosecuted and convicted will be made an example to others. What you thought you were getting for free may ultimately cost a much higher price than you would ever want to pay. | <urn:uuid:f447a1c2-bd40-49c0-aa33-9ea58968bdeb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://my.suu.edu/help/article/1113/p2p-file-sharing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.963 | 1,953 | 2.3125 | 2 |
The etiology of seborrheic dermatitis remains unknown, although many factors, including hormonal, have been implicated. This chronic inflammatory skin disorder is generally confined to areas of the head and trunk where sebaceous glands are most prominent. When seborrheic dermatitis occurs in the neonatal period, it usually disappears by six to 12 months of age, suggesting that it may be a response to maternal hormone stimulation.1
Seborrheic dermatitis frequently affects persons in postpuberty. Additional evidence of hormonal influence is provided by research demonstrating that the human sebocyte responds to androgen stimulation.2
Pityrosporum ovale, a lipophilic yeast of the Malassezia genus, has been implicated in the development of this condition.3 It has been suggested that seborrheic dermatitis is an inflammatory response to this organism, but this remains to be proved.4 P. ovale is present on all persons. Why some persons develop seborrheic dermatitis and others do not is unclear. The colonization rate of involved skin by this organism may be lower than that of uninvolved skin.3 Nonetheless, the fact that seborrheic dermatitis responds to antifungal medications is strongly suggestive of the role of yeast in this disorder.
Genetic and environmental factors, as well as other comorbid diseases, may predispose specific populations to the development of seborrheic dermatitis. Although seborrheic dermatitis affects only 3 percent of the general population, the incidence in persons with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome may be as high as 85 percent. The exact mechanism whereby human immunodeficiency virus infection promotes an atypical and explosive onset of seborrheic dermatitis (and other common inflammatory skin disorders) is unknown, but many factors have been explored, including CD4-positive T lymphocyte counts,5 P. ovale density6 and nutritional factors.7
Persons with central nervous system disorders (Parkinson's disease, cranial nerve palsies, major truncal paralyses) also appear to be prone to the development of seborrheic dermatitis, tend to develop more extensive disease and are frequently refractory to treatment. It has been postulated that seborrheic dermatitis in these patients is a result of increased pooling of sebum caused by immobility. This increased sebum pool permits growth of P. ovale, which induces seborrheic dermatitis.8
Seborrheic dermatitis typically affects areas of the skin where sebaceous glands appear in high frequency and are most active. The distribution is classically symmetric, and common sites of involvement are the hairy areas of the head, including the scalp (Figure 1), the scalp margin (Figure 2), eyebrows, eyelashes, mustache and beard. Other common sites are the forehead (Figure 3), the nasolabial folds (Figure 4), the external ear canals (Figure 5) and the postauricular creases. Seborrhea of the trunk may appear in the presternal area (Figure 6) and in the body folds, including the axillae, navel, groin, and in the inframammary and anogenital areas. Figure 7 illustrates the typically symmetric distribution of seborrheic dermatitis.
One of the characteristics of seborrheic dermatitis is dandruff, characterized by a fine, powdery white scale on the scalp. Many patients complain of the scalp itching with dandruff, and because they think that the scale arises from dry skin, they decrease the frequency of shampooing, which allows further scale accumulation. Inflammation then occurs and their symptoms worsen.
More severe seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by erythematous plaques frequently associated with powdery or greasy scale in the scalp (Figure 8), behind the ears (Figure 9) and elsewhere in the distribution described above. Besides an itchy scalp, patients may complain of a burning sensation in facial areas affected by seborrhea. Seborrhea frequently becomes apparent when men grow mustaches or beards and disappears when the facial hair is removed. If left untreated, the scale may become thick, yellow and greasy and, occasionally, secondary bacterial infection may occur.
Seborrheic dermatitis is more common in men than in women, probably because sebaceous gland activity is under androgen control. Seborrhea usually first appears in persons in their teens and twenties and generally follows a waxing/waning course throughout adulthood.
UV-A and UV-B light inhibit the growth of P. ovale,9 and many patients report improvement in seborrhea during summer.
GENERAL TREATMENT OVERVIEW
Hygiene issues play a key role in controlling seborrheic dermatitis. Frequent cleansing with soap removes oils from affected areas and improves seborrhea. Patients should be counseled that good hygiene must be a lifelong commitment. Outdoor recreation, especially during summer, will also improve seborrhea, although caution should be taken to avoid sun damage.
Pharmacologic treatment options for seborrheic dermatitis include antifungal preparations (selenium sulfide, pyrithione zinc, azole agents, sodium sulfacetamide and topical terbinafine) that decrease colonization by lipophilic yeast and anti-inflammatory agents (topical steroids). Suggested products are listed in Table 1. For severe disease, keratolytics such as salicylic acid or coal tar preparations may be used to remove dense scale; then topical steroids may be applied. Other options for removing adherent scale involve applying any of a variety of oils (peanut, olive or mineral) to soften the scale overnight, followed by use of a detergent or coal tar shampoo.
As a last resort in refractory disease, sebosuppressive agents such as isotretinoin (Accutane) may be used to reduce sebaceous gland activity.
|Selenium sulfide, 1% (Selsun Blue)||Yes||X||X||X||X||5- to 10-minute application daily initially; then twice weekly as needed||$3 per 120 mL bottle|
|Selenium sulfide, 2.5% (Exsel, Selsun)||No||X||X||X||X||Same as above||15 per 120 mL (Exsel)|
|12 per 120 mL (Selsun)|
|Pyrithione zinc, 1% (Dandrex, Zincon, Head and Shoulders)||Yes||X||X||X||X||Same as above||5 per 240 mL (Dandrex)|
|3 per 120 mL (Zincon)|
|3 per 450 mL (Head and Shoulders)|
|Pyrithione zinc, 2% (DHS Zinc, Sebulon, ZNP Bar, Theraplex Z)||Yes||X||X||X||X||Same as above||7 per 240 mL (DHS Zinc)|
|11 per 240 mL (Sebulon)|
|6 per 135 g (ZNP Bar)|
|7 per 240 mL (Theraplex Z)|
|Coal tar||May be irritating, especially on the face|
|Crude coal tar:||5- to 10-minute application daily initially, then as needed|
|DHS Tar (0.5%)||Yes||X||X||X||X||5 per 120 mL (DHS Tar 0.5%)|
|Zetar (1%)||Yes||X||X||X||X||14 per 180 mL (Zetar 1%)|
|Ionil T Plus (2%)||Yes||X||X||X||X||12 per 240 mL (Ionil T Plus 2%)|
|Coal tar combinations:||Same as above||10 per 210 mL (Sebutone)|
|Sebutone (0.5% with salicylic acid, 2%, and sublimed sulfur, 2%)||Yes||X||X||X||X|
|Coal tar distillate:|
|Doak-Tar (3%)||Yes||X||X||X||X||Same as above||7 per 60 mL (Doak-Tar)|
|Coal tar extract:||Same as above|
|Neutrogena T/Gel (2%)||Yes||X||X||X||X||4 per 132 mL (Neutrogena T/Gel)|
|Tegrin Dandruff (7%)||Yes||X||X||X||X||5 per 210 mL (Tegrin Dandruff)|
|Pentrax (7.71 %)||Yes||X||X||X||X||7 per 120 mL (Pentrax)|
|Coal tar topical solution:|
|Denorex Medicated (9%)||Yes||X||X||X||X||Same as above||4 per 120 mL (Denorex Medicated)|
|Denorex Extra Strength (12.5%)||Yes||X||X||X||X||4 per 120 mL (Denorex Extra Strength)|
|Coal tar solution combinations:||Same as above|
|Ionil T (5% with salicylic acid, 2%)||Yes||X||X||X||X||8 per 120 mL (Ionil T)|
|X-Seb T Plus (10% with salicylic acid, 3%)||Yes||X||X||X||X||12 per 120 mL (X-Seb T Plus)|
|Tarsum (10% with salicylic acid, 2%)||Yes||X||X||X||X||7 per 120 mL (Tarsum)|
|Chloroxine||No||X||3-minute application twice weekly||20 per 120 mL|
|Nizoral, 1%||Yes||X||X||X||X||5- to 10-minute application to scalp before rinsing clear; use daily initially, then twice weekly||7 per 120 mL (Nizoral 1%)|
|Nizoral, 2%||No||X||X||X||X||21 per 120 mL (Nizoral 2%)|
|Steroid shampoo||No||X||X||5- to 10-minute application to scalp before rinsing clear; use daily initially until inflammation clears, then as needed||15 per 120 mL|
|FS Shampoo (0.01% fluocinolone acetonide)|
|Corticosteroids||Yes||X||X||X||X||Apply once or twice daily until inflammation clears, then as needed|
For scalp preparations, apply to scalp nightly until inflammation clears, then 1 to 3 times weekly as needed
|3 per 15 g (Cortaid, 1%)|
3 per 15 g (Cortizone 10)
12 per 15 g (Tridesilon)
25 per 30 g (Hytone)
18 per 120 mL (Derma-smoothe/GS Topical oil)
|Cortaid, 1%; Cortizone 10 (hydrocortisone cream, 1%)|
|Tridesilon (desonide, 0.5%)||No||X||X||X†||X|
|Hytone (hydrocortisone cream, 2.5%)||No||X||X||X†||X†|
|Derma-smoothe/FS Topical oil (fluocinolone acetonide, 0.01% in oil)||No||X†|
|Antifungals||Apply once or twice daily||5 per 15 g (Micatin)|
|Miconazole cream, 2% (Monistat)||Yes||X||X|
|Clotrimazole cream, 1% (Lotrimin)||Yes||X||X||6 per 12 g (Lotrimin)|
|Terbinafine solution, 1% (Lamisil)||Yes||X||X||X||X||33 per 15 g (Lamisil)|
|Ketoconazole cream, 2% (Nizoral)||No||X||X||17 per 15 g (Nizoral)|
|Sodium sulfacetamide||Apply once or twice daily|
|Sebizon (10% lotion)||No||X‡||X‡||X||X||24 per 85 g (Sebizon)|
|Novacet (10% sodium sulfacetamide plus 5% sulfur)||No||X‡||X‡||X||X||28 per 30 g (Novacet)|
|Sulfacet R Lotion (10% sodium sulfacetamide plus 5% sulfur)||No||X‡||X‡||X||X||34 per 25 g (Sulfacet R Lotion)|
|Benzoyl peroxide washes||Apply to affected area for 5 to 10 minutes; then rinse off; may bleach clothing or hair|
|Benzac AC Wash (2.5%, 5%, 10%)||No||X||X||21 to 26 per 240 mL (Benzac AC Wash)|
|Benzac W Wash (5%, 10%)||No||X||X||21 to 23 per 240 mL (Benzac W Wash)|
|Desquam-X Wash (5%, 10%)||No||X||X||15 to 16 per 150 mL (Desquam-X Wash)|
TREATMENT OF SCALP AND BEARD AREAS
Many cases of seborrheic dermatitis are effectively treated by shampooing daily or every other day with antidandruff shampoos containing 2.5 percent selenium sulfide or 1 to 2 percent pyrithione zinc. Alternatively, ketoconazole shampoo may be used.10 The shampoo should be applied to the scalp and beard areas and left in place for five to 10 minutes before rinsing. A moisturizing shampoo may be used afterward to prevent dessication of the hair. After the disease is under control, the frequency of shampooing with medicated shampoos may be decreased to twice weekly or as needed. Topical terbinafine solution, 1 percent, has also been shown to be effective in the treatment of scalp seborrhea.11
If the scalp is covered with diffuse, dense scale, the scale may first be removed by applying warm mineral oil or olive oil to the scalp and washing several hours later with a detergent such as a dishwashing liquid or a tar shampoo.12 An alternative is an overnight application of a coal tarkeratolytic combination or phenol-saline solution with or without occlusion with a plastic shower cap followed by shampooing in the morning.13
Extensive scale with associated inflammation may be treated by moistening the scalp and then applying fluocinolone acetonide, 0.01 percent in oil, to the entire scalp, covering overnight with a shower cap and shampooing in the morning. This treatment may be done nightly until the inflammation clears and then decreased to one to three times weekly as needed. Topical corticosteroid solutions, lotions or ointments may be used once or twice daily for one to three weeks in place of the overnight application of fluocinolone acetonide and may be stopped when itching and erythema disappear. Corticosteroid application may be repeated daily for one to three weeks until itching and erythema disappear, and then used as needed. Maintenance with an antidandruff shampoo may then be adequate. Patients should be advised to use potent topical steroids sparingly because excessive use may lead to atrophy of the skin and telangiectasis.
Infants frequently have seborrheic dermatitis, commonly known as “cradle cap.” Areas of possible involvement include the scalp, face and intertriginous areas. Involvement may be extensive, but this disorder frequently clears spontaneously by six to 12 months of age and does not recur until the onset of puberty.
A scaly scalp in a prepubertal child is usually caused by tinea capitis, not seborrheic dermatitis. Therapy for infantile seborrheic dermatitis includes frequent shampooing with an antidandruff shampoo. If scale is extensive in the scalp, the scale may be softened with oil, gently brushed free with a baby hairbrush and then washed clear.
Daily shampooing may not be reasonable for some populations, such as black persons or persons who are institutionalized. In general, weekly shampooing is recommended for black persons. As a substitute for daily washing, fluocinolone acetonide, 0.01 percent in oil, may be used as a scalp pomade. Other options include application of a moderate- to mid-potency topical corticosteroid in an ointment base. As with other modes of therapy, these agents are used every day or twice daily until the condition improves. Thereafter, topical corticosteroids are used as needed to keep the condition under control. After initial control is attained, fluocinolone acetonide, 0.01 percent shampoo (FS Shampoo), can be used as an alternative to or in addition to fluocinolone acetonide, 0.01 percent in oil (Derma-Smoothe/FS), for maintenance.
TREATMENT OF THE FACE
Involved areas of the face may be washed frequently with shampoos that are effective against seborrhea as detailed above. Alternatively, ketoconazole cream, 2 percent, may be applied once or twice daily to affected areas. Often, 1 percent hydrocortisone cream will be added once or twice daily to affected areas and will aid with resolution of erythema and itching. Sodium sulfacetamide, 10 percent lotion, is also an effective topical agent for seborrheic dermatitis.
TREATMENT OF THE BODY
Seborrhea of the trunk may be treated with frequent application of zinc or coal tar containing shampoos or by washing with zinc soaps. Additionally, topical ketoconazole cream, 2 percent, and/or a topical corticosteroid cream, lotion or solution applied once or twice daily will prove useful. Benzoyl peroxide washes are also helpful in controlling seborrhea of the trunk. Patients should be cautioned to rinse thoroughly after application of these agents as they will bleach clothing and bed linens. These agents may be drying, and the patient may benefit from application of a moisturizer after treatment.
TREATMENT OF SEVERE SEBORRHEA
An occasional patient with severe seborrhea that is unresponsive to the usual topical therapy may be a candidate for isotretinoin therapy.14 Isotretinoin can induce up to a 90 percent reduction in sebaceous gland size, with a corresponding reduction in the production of sebum. Isotretinoin also has anti-inflammatory properties. Treatment with daily doses of isotretinoin as low as 0.1 to 0.3 mg per kg may result in improvement in severe seborrhea after four weeks of therapy. Thereafter, a dose as low as 5 to 10 mg per day may be effective as maintenance therapy over several years. However, isotretinoin has potentially serious side effects and few patients with seborrhea are appropriate candidates for therapy. The most devastating side effect is teratogenicity, but other serious side effects include hyperlipidemia, neutropenia, anemia and hepatitis. Mucocutaneous adverse effects include cheilitis, xerosis, conjunctivitis, urethritis and hair loss. Long-term use has been associated with the development of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). This agent must be used cautiously and only by physicians who are well versed in all of its adverse effects.
A more practical approach to the refractory patient may be to first try different combinations of the usual agents: a dandruff shampoo, an antifungal agent and a topical steroid. If this fails, short-term use of a more potent topical steroid in a “pulse fashion” may put some refractory patients into remission and actually decrease the total steroid exposure. Therapeutic choices for pulse therapy may include a nonfluorinated class III steroid such as mometasone furoate (Elocon) or an extra-potent class I or class II topical steroid such as clobetasol propionate (Temovate) or fluocinonide (Lidex). The class III topical steroid should be tried first, but if the condition remains unresponsive, the clinician may then choose to use a class I agent. These more potent agents may be applied once or twice per day, even on the face, but must be stopped after two weeks because of the increased frequency of side effects. If the patient responds before the two-week limit, the agent should be stopped immediately. Adjuvant therapy including use of a dandruff shampoo, an anti-fungal agent, or both, is essential during the “pulse” period and should be continued as maintenance therapy after each pulse.
Most corticosteroids are available as solutions, lotions, creams and ointments. Which vehicle to use is often determined by the patient and the treatment site. Lotions and creams are frequently used on all areas of the face and body, whereas solutions and ointments are more commonly used on the scalp. In general, application of a scalp solution is preferred by white and Asian patients but may be too drying for black patients. Ointments may be a better option. The vehicle affects the potency of a topical steroid. In most circumstances, the same steroid in an ointment is more potent than the steroid in a cream, which, in turn, is more potent than the same chemical in a lotion.
When to Refer
Patients should be referred to a dermatologist if the diagnosis is in doubt or if they are not responding to treatment. Seborrhea may be difficult to distinguish from atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, rosacea or superficial fungal infections. Chronic treatment with topical corticosteroids may lead to permanent skin changes, such as atrophy and telangiectasia. The explosive onset of seborrheic dermatitis in a young patient should give rise to consideration of underlying human immunodeficiency virus infection. One should consider referral to a dermatologist for patients with severe seborrhea in whom treatment with oral isotretinoin is contemplated, particularly if long-term therapy will likely be required. | <urn:uuid:6df692d9-f3ae-4b11-9fb6-2f1cde6511b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2000/0501/p2703.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.853085 | 4,878 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Combine the personal attention of an instructor with the flexibility of online learning. Courses have one or more virtual sessions per week and defined start and end dates. All materials are provided online. Review the Schedule for specific session times.
- CI 101 - Financial Analysis for Commercial Investment Real Estate
- Completion of one of the following interest-based negotiations courses:
- Preparing to Negotiate (self-paced online)
- Commercial Real Estate Negotiations (1-day workshop)
CI 104 encompasses the entire life cycle of an investment, from refinancing to capital improvements to disposition. Within each case study, you will encounter a key investor decision: Should a non-taxable investor acquire an investment with or without debt financing? What if the investor is taxable? During the holding period of an investment, should an investor make a discretionary capital expenditure or not? How does an investor evaluate disposition alternatives?
CI 104 uses advanced analyses to build on the core CCIM concepts. Sensitivity analysis allows you to pinpoint exactly how slight changes in market fundamentals affect investment goals. Risk analysis uses past performance to anticipate how an investment is exposed to external and internal threats. Learn how to mitigate those threats through smart planning and negotiations.
After completing this course, you will be able to:
- apply key investor decision-making analyses to optimize investment returns;
- more effectively forecast investment performance by quantifying real estate risk; and
- leverage CCIM analytical tools to improve decision making.
This course requires the use of a laptop or desktop computer with full Excel capabilities. Mobile devices, like iPads, tablets, and cellphones, will not run CCIM Institute's macro-enabled spreadsheets.
PC: Microsoft Office 2000 or higher is necessary to run the CCIM Institute macro-enabled spreadsheets.
Mac: Mac versions of Microsoft Office 2004, 2011, 2016, or 365 are required to run the CCIM Institute macro-enabled spreadsheets.
Todd Clarke, CCIM
NM Apartment Advisors Inc.|CEO | <urn:uuid:07e78589-43c3-44fd-9914-7d17e5e6c095> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ccimla.com/september_6_october_6_2022 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.862171 | 424 | 1.546875 | 2 |
One of the areas we are asked most questions about is that of the information classification requirements of the ISO/IEC 27001 standard. To be specific, this is covered in a group of three reference controls within Annex A, section A 8.2 which cover classification, labelling and handling of the information within the scope of your Information Security Management System (ISMS).
The questions we are most commonly asked are the following:
Let’s take each of these in turn and try to shed some light on the subject.
The ISO/IEC 27001 standard doesn’t say much about information classification (although the ISO/IEC 27002 guidance publication has some useful tips) so the details of how you implement the control are pretty much left up to you. The first decision to make is how many levels of classification to have. It’s tempting to over-complicate this in order to reflect the various nuances of your information, but our advice would be to resist this temptation and stick to the lowest number you can reasonably get away with. The trend amongst governments is in this direction, with the UK having recently reduced its classification levels from five to three (Official, Secret and Top Secret), so you’ll be in good company. This doesn’t include information that isn’t classified at all, often referred to as “Public” and which doesn’t need to be protected or labelled.
Choice of names for your classification levels are also up to you. Some of the most common choices are (listed from highest to lowest):
Names chosen should be appropriate to your organization and a clear definition given of what they mean in practical terms.
Having decided what you’re going to call your classification levels, how do you make it clear to everyone involved which information carries which level? Often organizations feel slightly overwhelmed with the thought that they have to suddenly label every single electronic and paper document they have, whilst working out what to do with data held in computer systems too.
The key here is to define an approach that addresses the important stuff first and puts a stake in the ground so that labelling starts from a specified point. Look to label the really confidential, high-value information first as this is likely to be a much smaller volume than the day-to-day less sensitive information. This requires you to have an accurate asset inventory (control 8.1.1 Inventory of assets) so that you know what you’re dealing with. An approach that begins to label all new assets from a certain date will make you feel you are starting to get some control over the issue, whilst considering how to address the historical items. Information assets should have owners and they are the ones who should be looking at labelling so it’s not all down to a single person or department to achieve it; spread the load as much as possible.
Grouping items with the same classification level will also help to make things clear without a huge administrative overhead. Maybe everything held in a particular room is confidential and locking the door and labelling it as such will be enough to meet the need. You may need to invest in a stamp for existing paper copies that need to be individually labelled, but obviously items that are printed in the future should be electronically labelled using headers, footers, watermarks etc.
There are software tools available to help you with this task. These can use metadata to reflect classification level and then prevent certain types of documents being used in particular ways according to a defined policy e.g. confidential documents should not be emailed outside the organization. Some examples of these tools are Boldon James, Titus and Digital Guardian. The Microsoft 365 environment also offers some useful tools if you invest in the right subscription.
For data held in computer systems and databases etc. you will need to consider how to label it whilst it’s in place and also if it needs to go anywhere e.g. printed or extracted onto removable media. Warning messages at logon and procedural controls are probably your best approaches here.
Having classified and labelled our assets, we also need to make sure that they remain appropriately protected throughout their lives, particularly if they go beyond the organization’s boundaries e.g. to another location via courier or to a third party via electronic transfer. This is really about understanding the ways in which your information assets are used and ensuring that procedures are in place to keep them secure. Again, starting with the highest level assets is usually a good idea. This is an area in which there have been many notorious public breaches to do with government departments with sensitive information such as names, addresses and tax information going missing, sometimes in unencrypted form.
So think about whether your information is saved onto other media, printed, transmitted, emailed or otherwise processed in a way that makes a procedure necessary.
Of all of the ISO/IEC 27001 reference controls, the ones to do with classification can be the hardest to put in place. What’s needed is a clear approach that uses common sense to protect the most important assets first, whilst recognizing that it’s going to be quite a long journey which will probably never end. But be in no doubt that this should be a fundamental building block of your information security strategy, underpinning many other controls such as access management, physical security and cryptography so it’s worth spending the time to get it right.
Editor’s note: The original post was published in August 2017, and updates have been made in February 2022 for accuracy and comprehensiveness.
We have a team of ISO27001 experts here at CertiKit who are ready to help you meet the requirements of the standard however you need assistance.
From guidance via our award-winning toolkit, through to consultancy, and internal auditing, we have the tools and personnel available to streamline your ISMS implementation and prepare you for certification fast.
Download our free ISO27001: 10 steps to certification guide to learn: | <urn:uuid:dcf3e2d9-9da0-4ab5-858e-19f5e78a7d63> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://certikit.com/information-classification-common-questions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.948359 | 1,220 | 2.09375 | 2 |
The Roman Catholic Council of Vatican I in 1870 is renowned for its dogmatic teaching that the Bishops of Rome, when teaching ex cathedra, are infallible. This teaching was stated to be consistent with the belief and practice the Church from its inception and throughout its long history. In other words it taught that this doctrine was not a doctrine that developed over time. The Council declared this teaching to be a dogma necessary to be believed for salvation and it anathematizes all who dare to disagree with or who oppose these assertions. The official teaching of Vatican I is as follows:
Therefore faithfully adhering to the tradition received from the beginning of the Christian faith, for the glory of God our Saviour, the exaltation of the Christian religion, and the salvation of Christian people, the sacred Council approving, we teach and define that it is a dogma divinely revealed: that the Roman Pontiff, when he speaks ex cathedra, that is, when in discharge of the office of pastor and doctor of all Christians, by virtue of his supreme Apostolic authority, he defines a doctrine regarding faith and morals to be held by the universal Church, by the divine assistance promised to him in blessed Peter, is possessed of that infallibility with which the divine redeemer willed that his Church should be endowed for defining doctrine regarding faith or morals; and that therefore such definitions of the Roman Pontiff are irreformable of themselves, and not from the consent of the Church. But if anyone—which may God avert—presume to contradict this our definition: let him be anathema...This is the teaching of Catholic truth, from which no one can deviate without loss of faith and salvation...The first condition of salvation is to keep the rule of the true faith (Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom (New York: Harper, 1877), Dogmatic Decrees of the Vatican Council, Chp. 4, pp. 266-71).
Though Vatican I appeals to history as a validation for its claims, it is the very facts of history which prove them to be spurious. Historically, papal infallibility was never part of the teaching or practice of the early Church, nor was it ever part of the doctrinal content of saving faith as taught by it. This is well illustrated by the actions of the 6th Ecumenical Council (III Constantinople) held in 680-681 A.D. This Council is well known in Church history for its official condemnation of a number of leading Eastern Bishops as well as a Bishop of Rome for embracing and promoting heretical teachings. The particular Pope who was posthumously excommunicated from the Church and forever branded a heretic was Pope Honorius, who reigned as bishop of Rome from 625 to 638 A.D. In a number of letters written to Sergius I, patriarch of Constantinople, and several other individuals, Honorius officially embraced the heresy of Monotheletism, which teaches that Christ had only one will, the divine. The orthodox position is that Christ, though one person, possesses two wills because he is divine and human. There is absolutely no doubt that he held to the teaching of one will in Christ. Jaroslav Pelikan makes these comments:
In the controversy between East and West...the case of Honorius served as proof to Photius that the popes not only lacked authority over church councils, but were fallible in matters of dogma; for Honorius had embraced the heresy of the Monotheletes. The proponents of that heresy likewise cited the case of Honorius, not in opposition to the authority of the pope but in support of their own doctrine, urging that all teachers of the true faith had confessed it, including Sergius, the bishop of New Rome, and Honorius, the bishop of Old Rome (Jaroslav Pelikan, The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1974), Volume Two, pp. 150-151).
There are many past and present Roman apologists who downplay the importance of Pope Honorius. It is typical in Roman Catholic writings to find the issue of Honorius dealt with in a very superficial way. For example the following comments by Karl Keating are representative:
Actually, Honorius elected to teach nothing at all. Ronald Knox, in a letter to Arnold Lunn reprinted in their book Difficulties, put the matter like this: And Honorius, so far from pronouncing an infallible opinion in the Monothelite controversy, was quite extraordinarily not (as Gore used to say) pronouncing a decision at all. To the best of his human wisdom, he thought the controversy ought to be left unsettled, for the greater peace of the Church. In fact, he was an opportunist. We, wise after the event, say that he was wrong. But nobody, I think, has ever claimed that the Pope is infallible in not defining a doctrine (Karl Keating, Catholicism and Fundamentalism (San Francisco: Ignatius, 1988), p. 229).
In one paragraph Keating dismisses this whole issue as trivial and Protestant objections as nothing more than a misrepresentation of the true facts. But one thing Mr. Keating does not do is to give the judgment of the Council itself in its own words. He simply states that Honorius did not teach anything and is therefore not guilty of heresy. Is this how the Council understood the situation? Absolutely not! To allow the Council to speak for itself is enough to dispel Keating and Knox's assertions. The facts speak for themselves. Honorius was personally condemned as a heretic by the Sixth Ecumenical Council. This was ratified by two succeeding Ecumenical Councils. He was also condemned by name by Pope Leo II, and by every pope up through the eleventh century who took the oath of papal office. In his classic and authoritative series on the history of the Councils, Roman Catholic historian Charles Joseph Hefele affirms this verdict in relating the following irrefutable facts regarding Honorius and the Sixth Ecumenical Council:
It is in the highest degree startling, even scarcely credible, that an Ecumenical Council should punish with anathema a Pope as a heretic!...That, however, the sixth Ecumenical Synod actually condemned Honorius on account of heresy, is clear beyond all doubt, when we consider the following collection of the sentences of the Synod against him:
At the entrance of the thirteenth session, on March 28, 681, the Synod says:
"After reading the doctrinal letter of Sergius of Constantinople to Cyrus of Phasis (afterwards of Alexandria) and to Pope Honorius, and also the letter of the latter to Sergius, we found that these documents were quite foreign...to the apostolic doctrines, and to the declarations of the holy Councils and all the Fathers of note, and follow the false doctrines of heretics. Therefore we reject them completely, and abhor...them as hurtful to the soul. But also the names of these men must be thrust out of the Church, namely, that of Sergius, the first who wrote on this impious doctrine. Further, that of Cyrus of Alexandria, of Pyrrhus, Paul, and Peter of Constantinople, and of Theodore of Pharan, all of whom also Pope Agatho rejected in his letter to the Emperor. We punish them all with anathema. But along with them, it is our universal decision that there shall also be shut out from the Church and anathematized the former Pope Honorius of Old Rome, because we found in his letter to Sergius, that in everything he followed his view and confirmed his impious doctrine."
Towards the end of the same session the second letter of Pope Honorius to Sergius was presented for examination, and it was ordered that all the documents brought by George, the keeper of the archives in Constantinople, and among them the two letters of Honorius, should immediately be burnt, as hurtful to the soul.
Again, the sixth Ecumenical Council referred to Honorius in the sixteenth session, on August 9, 681, at the acclamations and exclamations with which the transactions of this day were closed. The bishops exclaimed: "Anathema to the heretic Sergius, to the heretic Cyrus, to the heretic Honorius, to the heretic Pyrrhus".
Still more important is that which took place at the eighteenth and last session, on September 16, 681. In the decree of the faith which was now published, and forms the principal document of the Synod, we read: "The creeds (of the earlier Ecumenical Synods) would have sufficed for knowledge and confirmation of the orthodox faith. Because, however, the originator of all evil still always finds a helping serpent, by which he may diffuse his poison, and therewith finds fit tools for his will, we mean Theodore of Pharan, Sergius, Pyrrhus, Paul, Peter, former bishops of Constantinople, also Honorius, Pope of Old Rome, Cyrus of Alexandria, etc., so he failed not, by them, to cause trouble in the Church by the scattering of the heretical doctrine of one will and one energy of the two natures of the one Christ.
After the papal legates, all the bishops, and the Emperor had received and subscribed this decree of the faith, the Synod published the usual (logos prosphoneticos), which, addressed to the Emperor, says, among other things: "Therefore we punish with exclusion and anathema, Theodore of Pharan, Sergius, Paul, Pyrrhus, and Peter; also Cyrus, and with them Honorius, formerly bishop of Rome, as he followed them."
In the same session the Synod also put forth a letter to Pope Agatho, and says therein: "91We have destroyed the effort of the heretics, and slain them with anathema, in accordance with the sentence spoken before in your holy letter, namely, Theodore of Pharan, Sergius, Honorius."
In closest connection with the Acts of the sixth Ecumenical Council stands the imperial decree confirming their resolutions. The Emperor writes: "With this sickness (as it came out from Apollinaris, Eutyches, Themistius, etc.) did those unholy priests afterwards again infect the Church, who before our times falsely governed several churches. These are Theodore of Pharan, Sergius the former bishop of this chief city; also Honorius, the Pope of old Rome...the strengthener (confirmer) of the heresy who contradicted himself...We anathematise all heresy from Simon (Magus) to this present...besides, we anathematise and reject the originators and patrons of the false and new doctrines, namely, Theodore of Pharan, Sergius...also Honorius, who was Pope of Old Rome, who in everything agreed with them, went with them, and strengthened the heresy."
It is clear that Pope Leo II also anathematized Honorius...in a letter to the Emperor, confirming the decrees of the sixth Ecumenical Council...in his letter to the Spanish bishops...and in his letter to the Spanish King Ervig. Of the fact that Pope Honorius had been anathematized by the sixth Ecumenical Synod, mention is made by...the Trullan Synod, which was held only twelve years after...Like testimony is also given repeatedly by the seventh Ecumenical Synod; especially does it declare, in its principal document, the decree of the faith: "We declare at once two wills and energies according to the natures in Christ, just as the sixth Synod in Constantinople taught, condemning...Sergius, Honorius, Cyrus, etc." The like is asserted by the Synod or its members in several other places...To the same effect the eighth Ecumenical Synod expresses itself. In the Liber Diurnus the Formulary of the Roman Chancery (from the fifth to the eleventh century), there is found the old formula for the papal oath...according to which every new Pope, on entering upon his office, had to swear that "he recognised the sixth Ecumenical Council, which smote with eternal anathema the originators of the heresy (Monotheletism), Sergius, Pyrrhus, etc., together with Honorius" (Charles Joseph Hefele, A History of the Councils of the Church (Edinburgh: Clark, 1896), Volume V, pp. 181-187).
These facts are highly significant. Von Dollinger was the leading Roman Catholic historian of the last century who taught Church history for 47 years. He makes these comments:
This one fact, that a Great Council, universally received afterwards without hesitation throughout the Church, and presided over by Papal legates, pronounced the dogmatic decision of a Pope heretical, and anathematized him by name as a heretic is a proof, clear as the sun at noonday, that the notion of any peculiar enlightenment or in errancy of the Popes was then utterly unknown to the whole Church (Janus (Johann Joseph Ignaz von Dollinger),The Pope and the Council (Boston: Roberts, 1870), p. 61).
Roman Catholic apologists generally attempt to salvage the dogma of papal infallibility from the case with Honorius by saying that he was not giving an ex cathedra statement but merely his opinion as a private theologian. Therefore he was not condemned in his official capacity as the pope. According to the Roman Catholic Church there are certain conditions which must be met for the teaching of the pope to fall within the overall guidelines of that which is considered to be. He must be teaching in his official capacity as the pope and he must be defining doctrine for the entire Church. The claim is made that Honorius did not meet these conditions. However, a careful reading of the official acts of the Council prove that it thought otherwise. The reader can judge for himself from the Council's own statements how the situation with Honorius was viewed and whether it would have agreed with the assertions of Keating and Knox that Honorius did not actively teach anything. The Council makes the following statements:
Session XIII: The holy council said: After we had reconsidered, according to the promise which we had made to your highness, the doctrinal letters of Sergius, at one time patriarch of this royal God protected city to Cyrus, who was then bishop of Phasius and to Honorius some time Pope of Old Rome, as well as the letter of the latter to the same Sergius, we find that these documents are quite foreign to the apostolic dogmas, to the declarations of the holy Councils, and to all the accepted Fathers, and that they follow the false teachings of the heretics; therefore we entirely reject them, and execrate them as hurtful to the soul. But the names of those men whose doctrines we execrate must also be thrust forth from the holy Church of God, namely, that of Sergius some time bishop of this God-preserved royal city who was the first to write on this impious doctrine; also that of Cyrus of Alexandria, of Pyrrhus, Paul, and Peter, who died bishops of this God preserved city, and were like minded with them; and that of Theodore sometime bishop of Pharan, all of whom the most holy and thrice blessed Agatho, Pope of Old Rome, in his suggestion to our most pious and God preserved lord and mighty Emperor, rejected, because they were minded contrary to our orthodox faith, all of whom we define are to be subject to anathema. And with these we define that there shall be expelled from the holy Church of God and anathematized Honorius who was some time Pope of Old Rome, because of what we found written by him to Sergius, that in all respects he followed his view and confirmed his impious doctrines.
Session XVI: To Theodore of Pharan, the heretic, anathema! To Sergius, the heretic, anathema! To Cyrus, the heretic, anathema! To Honorius, the heretic, anathema! To Pyrrhus, the heretic, anathema! To Paul, the heretic, anathema!...
Session XVIII: But as the author of evil, who, in the beginning, availed himself of the aid of the serpent, and by it brought the poison of death upon the human race, has not desisted, but in like manner now, having found suitable instruments for working out his will we mean Theodorus, who was bishop of Pharan, Sergius, Pyrrhus...and moreover, Honorius, who was Pope of the elder Rome...), has actively employed them in raising up for the whole Church the stumbling blocks of one will and one operation in the two natures of Christ our true God, one of the Holy Trinity; thus disseminating, in novel terms, amongst the orthodox people, an heresy similar to the mad and wicked doctrine of the impious Apollinaris (Philip Schaff and Henry Wace, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1956), Volume XIV, The Seven Ecumenical Councils, pp. 342-344).
The above statements prove that the condemnation of Honorius meets the basic criteria for ex cathedra statements. The following points show this to be the case:
The Council condemns him specifically as a heretic and anathematized him in his official capacity as pope and not as a private theologian.
He is condemned for following after and confirming the heresy of monotheletism.
He is condemned for actively disseminating and propagating heretical teachings in his official capacity as pope which affected the whole Church.
To suggest that the Sixth Ecumenical Council does not invalidate the teaching of papal infallibility because Honorius did not make an ex cathedra statement is historically absurd. This is to erect arbitrary conditions which were not existent at the time to save oneself the embarrassment of a historical fact which undermines one's position. The issue is not what do individual Roman Catholic apologists say, but what did the Sixth Ecumenical Council say. On what basis did it condemn Pope Honorius? By its own words it condemned him in his official capacity as the bishop of Rome, not as a private theologian, for advancing heretical teachings which it says were Satanically inspired and would affect the entire Church. It specifically states that Honorius advanced these teachings, approved of them, and in a positive sense was responsible for disseminating them. And it condemns him by name as a heretic, anathematizing him as such. According to both Roman Catholic and Orthodox theology an Ecumenical Council is infallible so all the arguments which attempt to dismiss the judgment of this Council saying that it was mistaken or that it rushed to judgment or whatever, are simply erroneous and empty, on the basis of their own theology. So an infallible Ecumenical Council (from a Roman Catholic perspective) has condemned as a heretic a bishop of Rome for teaching heresy. It is quite obvious that these Eastern fathers did not view the bishops of Rome as infallible.John Meyendorff states that, contrary to the assertions of many Roman Catholics that Honorius did in fact teach the doctrine of monotheletism in a positive sense and helped confirm Sergius in the heresy. Meyendorff gives this summary:
This step into Monotheletism, which he was first to make, is the famous fall of Honorius, for which the Sixth ecumenical council condemned him (681) a condemnation which, until the early Middle Ages, would be repeated by all popes at their installation, since on such occasions they had to confess the faith of the ecumenical councils. It is understandable, therefore, that all the critics of the doctrine of papal infallibility in later centuries. Protestants, Orthodox and antiinfallibilists at Vatican I in 1870 would refer to this case. Some Roman Catholic apologists try to show that the expressions used by Honorius could be understood in an orthodox way, and that there is no evidence that he deliberately wished to proclaim anything else than the traditional faith of the Church. They also point out quite anachronistically that the letter to Sergius was not a formal statement, issued by the pope ex cathedra, using his charisma of infallibility, as if such a concept existed in the seventh century. Without denying the pope's good intentions which can be claimed in favor of any heresiarch of history, it is quite obvious that his confession of one will, at a crucial moment and as Sergius himself was somewhat backing out before the objections of Sophronius, not only condoned the mistakes of others, but actually coined a heretical formula, the beginning of a tragedy from which the Church (including the orthodox successors of Honorius on the papal throne) would suffer greatly (John Meyendorff, Imperial Unity and Christian Division (Crestwood:St. Vladimir's, 1989), p. 353).
Jaroslav Pelikan affirms the same thing in these comments:
In the controversy between East and West...the case of Honorius served as proof to Photius that the popes not only lacked authority over church councils, but were fallible in matters of dogma; for Honorius had embraced the heresy of the Monotheletes. The proponents of that heresy likewise cited the case of Honorius, not in opposition to the authority of the pope but in support of their own doctrine, urging that all teachers of the true faith had confessed it, including Sergius, the bishop of New Rome, and Honorius, the bishop of Old Rome (Jaroslav Pelikan, The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1974), Volume Two, pp. 150-151)
Charles Hefele affirms the fact that Leo II also condemned Honorius as a heretic and confirmed the decrees of the Council:
It is clear that Pope Leo II also anathematized Honorius...in a letter to the Emperor, confirming the decrees of the sixth Ecumenical Council...in his letter to the Spanish bishops...and in his letter to the Spanish King Ervig (Charles Joseph Hefele, A History of the Councils of the Church (Edinburgh: Clark, 1896), Volume V, pp. 181-187).
The condemnation by Pope Leo II is significant. He affirmed the condemnation of Honorius as a heretic, confirming by this that Honorius had actively undermined the orthodox faith. W.J. Sparrow Simpson summarizes Leo's viewpoint in these comments:
Leo accepted the decisions of Constantinople. He has carefully examined the Acts of the Council and found them in harmony with the declarations of faith of his predecessor, Agatho, and of the Synod of the Lateran. He anathematized all the heretics, including his predecessor, Honorius, who so far from aiding the Apostolic See with the doctrine of the Apostolic Tradition, attempted to subvert the faith by a profane betrayal (W.J. Sparrow Simpson, Roman Catholic Opposition to Papal Infallibility (London: John Murray, 1909), p. 35).
It is significant that the letter of Honorius to Sergius was used in the East by the proponents of the Monothelite heresy as justification for their position. As Sparrow Simpson observes: "This letter of Honorius was utilised in the East to justify the Monothelite heresy the existence of one will in Christ (W.J. Sparrow Simpson, Roman Catholic Opposition to Papal Infallibility (London: John Murray, 1909), p. 33). The definition of what the Roman Catholic Church refers to as ex cathedra teaching was not enunciated and defined until 1870. One needs to keep this in mind when applying this test to the case of Honorius and the judgment of the Sixth Ecumenical Council. In the mind of this "infallible" Council the pope was a heretic. In its official condemnation of him, he is judged on the basis of the criteria for ex cathedra statements which was defined some 1200 years later. One simply cannot avoid the historical facts. An "infallible" Ecumenical Council has condemned an "infallible" pope, in his official capacity, for heresy. No redefining of terms can erase the simple facts of history or the implications of those facts for the dogma of papal infallibility. This has direct bearing upon the issue of authority and jurisdiction. If an Ecumenical Council can excommunicate a bishop of Rome then the ultimate authority in the early Church was not the bishop of Rome but the Council.
The fact of this condemnation clearly demonstrates that contrary to the claims of Vatican I, the early Church never viewed the bishops of Rome to be infallible. No Church father has ever taught such a doctrine and it is contradicted by the practice of the early Church fathers and Councils, III Constantinople being but one example. | <urn:uuid:53319209-1443-4be8-b6b1-9a818930ce8a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.oodegr.com/english/papismos/council_condemns_pope.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.968089 | 5,203 | 2.390625 | 2 |
A house for sale on December 17, 2020 in Scituate, Massachusetts.
Matt Stone | MediaNews Group | Getty Images
After five consecutive months of gains, closed sales of existing homes turned lower in November.
They fell 2.5% on a month-to-month basis to a seasonally adjusted annualized rate of 6.69 million units, according to the National Association of Realtors. Sales were a strong 25.8% higher from a year earlier.
While demand for homes is still high, fueled in part by the stay-at-home culture of the coronavirus pandemic, supply is incredibly low. That is hurting sales and affordability.
”This latest decline could be due to the fact that home prices are rising way fast. It could also be that job creation began to stall in the last couple of months, so consumer confidence was dented,” said Lawrence Yun, chief economist for the association. “No alarm or anything worrisome about the latest monthly decline.”
There were just 1.28 million homes available for sale at the end of November. That is down 22% from a year earlier and represents a 2.3-month supply at the current sales pace. That’s the lowest inventory count since the Realtors began tracking this metric in 1982. The number of new listings is actually up about 10% from November 2019, but demand is sucking up that supply quickly.
Homes sold at the fastest pace on record, spending an average of just 21 days on the market. Last year, homes were selling in 38 days, which was also considered fast.
The growing imbalance between supply and demand kept home prices rising faster than what might be healthy for the market. The median price of an existing home sold in November was $310,800, a 14.6% increase from November 2019.
This measure of the median price is indicative of where sales are most active, which is on the higher end of the market. Sales of homes priced under $100,000 were down 22% from a year earlier. Those priced $100,000 to $250,000 were up just 2%. Sales on the higher end of the market — $750,000 to $1 million — were up 85% from a year ago.
Low mortgage rates are helping fuel demand at every price. The average rate on the 30-year fixed mortgage was slightly over 3% for much of October but then sank in November to the 2% range and hovered around record lows for most of the month. That gave buyers more purchasing power, but also added heat to already overheating home prices.
Sales of newly built homes in October, as measured by signed contracts, were a striking 41.5% higher than October 2019, according to the U.S. Census. Builders have been benefitting from the shortage of existing homes for sale, but they are struggling to keep up with the demand.
Even though December marks the traditionally slower season in housing, buyer foot traffic as measured by lock-boxes on the front door of homes for sale was up 16% from a year ago.
The National Association of Realtors is now predicting total 2020 home sales to total about 5.7 million, the highest level in 14 years.
“Circumstances are far from being back to the pre-pandemic normal,” said Yun. “However, the latest stimulus package and with the vaccine distribution underway, and a very strong demand for homeownership still prevalent, robust growth is forthcoming for 2021.” | <urn:uuid:1f40f393-8dba-4b2d-8644-dcdcbebf024d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://realestateagents.org/2020/12/22/existing-home-sales-decline-for-the-first-time-in-5-months-as-prices-rise-and-supply-falls/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.978112 | 730 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Hanuman Dhara is a spring located on a steep hillside in Chitrakut
. On foot one has to climb a steep flight of 360 steps to reach this place. There is a big statue of Lord Hanuman
, on which the water of this spring tumbles over. It is believed that, Hanuman Dhara was created by Ram
to assuage Hanuman when he returned after setting Lanka on fire. | <urn:uuid:b1a9fa88-c7da-45d7-824e-8f2815afb1c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.india9.com/i9show/Hanuman-Dhara-32091.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.979068 | 88 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Cookie is a file that is downloaded to your computer when accessing certain web pages. Cookies allow a web page, among other things, to store and retrieve information about the browsing habits of a user or their team, and depending on the information they contain and how they use their equipment, they can be Use to recognize the user … The user’s browser stores cookies on the hard drive only during the current session, occupying a minimum memory space and not harming the computer. Cookies do not contain any specific personal information, and most of them are deleted from the hard drive at the end of the browser session (so-called session cookies). Most browsers accept cookies as a standard and, regardless of them, allow or prevent temporary or memorized cookies in the security settings. Without your express consent – by activating cookies – it will not link the stored data with your personal data provided at the time of registration or purchase.
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– Behavioral Advertising Cookies: These are those that allow the management, as effectively as possible, of advertising spaces that, where appropriate, the publisher has included in a web page, application or platform from which it provides the service, bidding These cookies store user behavior information obtained through continuous observation of their browsing habits, which allows them to develop a specific profile to show advertising based on them. | <urn:uuid:e6bdf0c7-9b2e-49b4-8831-9dd6a98635a2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://photocall.cat/en/privacy-policy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.931292 | 843 | 1.90625 | 2 |
3D printing carbon fiber is perhaps the second most sought-after additive manufacturing technology, after metal. Thanks to recent developments in the additive manufacturing space, printers capable of utilizing the elusive material are finally a reality. However, not all carbon fiber 3D printers are created equal — some machines use microscopic chopped fibers to enhance conventional thermoplastics, while others uses continuous fiber laid inside of a base thermoplastic matrix (often filled with chopped fibers) to create a “skeleton” inside the part.
Understanding carbon fiber
Carbon fiber is made up of aligned strands of carbon atoms that exhibit extremely high strength in tension. Alone, they’re not particularly useful—their thin, brittle nature makes them easy to break in any realistic application. However, when grouped and adhered together using a bonding agent, the fibers distribute load smoothly and form an incredibly strong, light composite material. These carbon fiber composites come in the form of sheets, tubes, or custom molded features and are used in industries like aerospace and automotive in which strength-to-weight ratio is king. Conventionally, a thermoset resin is used as the bonding agent.
Printing in carbon fiber
Recent developments in 3D printing technology have enabled companies to print with carbon fiber, albeit with a different binding material than standard carbon fiber processes. Resins do not melt so they can’t be extruded through nozzles—to remedy this, 3D printers substitute resins with readily printable thermoplastics. While these parts are not as heat resistant as resin-matrix carbon fiber composites, they do benefit from the strength of the fiber.
Printing with chopped carbon fiber vs continuous carbon fiber
There are two carbon fiber printing methods available today: chopped carbon fiber filled thermoplastic and continuous carbon fiber reinforcement. Chopped carbon fiber filled thermoplastics are printed through a standard FFF (FDM) printer, and are comprised of a thermoplastic (PLA, ABS, or Nylon) reinforced with tiny chopped strands are carbon fiber. Continuous carbon fiber fabrication, on the other hand, is a distinct printing process that lays continuous strands of carbon fiber into a standard FFF (FDM) thermoplastic base.
Both chopped carbon fiber filled plastic and continuous fiber fabrication use carbon fiber, yet the difference between them is enormous. Knowing how each works and their ideal applications will help you make an informed decision about which to pursue in your additive manufacturing efforts.
Chopped carbon fiber is basically a booster pack for standard thermoplastics. It allows companies to print typically weaker materials with added strength. The material is then mixed with thermoplastics, and the resulted blend is extruded into a spool for Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology. For Composites using FFF methods, the materials are composed of chopped fibers (usually carbon fiber) mixed with traditional thermoplastics like nylon, ABS, or PLA. While the FFF process remains unchanged, the chopped fibers increase the strength, stiffness of the model, as well as improving its dimensional stability, surface finish, and precision.
This approach doesn’t always come without compromise. Some chopped fiber reinforced filaments prioritized strength by oversaturating the material with fibers. This detrimentally affects the overall quality of the piece, decreasing surface quality and part accuracy. Prototypes and end-use parts can be made using chopped carbon fiber, as it gives the strength and appearance needed for in-house testing or customer-facing parts.
Continuous carbon fiber is where the real strength is. It is a cost-effective solution for replacing traditional metal parts with 3D printed composite parts because it achieves similar strengths at a fraction of the weight. It can be inlaid in thermoplastics using Continuous Filament Fabrication (CFF) technology. Printers using this method lay continuous strands of high strength fibers (such as carbon fiber, fiberglass, or Kevlar) via a second print nozzle within FFF-extruded thermoplastics while printing. The reinforcing fibers form the “backbone” of the printed part, yield stiff, strong, and durable results.
Continuous carbon fiber not only adds strength, but it also allows the user to selectively reinforce in areas that require more durability. Due to the FFF nature of the core process, you can choose on a layer-by-layer basic where to reinforce. Within each layer, there are two reinforcement methods: concentric and isotropic. Concentric infill reinforces the outer boundaries of each layer (both internal and external) and extends into the part by a user-defined number of loops. Isotropic infill creates unidirectional composite reinforcement on each layer, and can mimic carbon fiber weaves by altering the reinforcement direction on layers. These reinforcement strategies enable industries such as aerospace, automotive, and manufacturing to integrate composites into their workflow in a new way. Printed parts excel as tools and fixtures such as end-of-arm tooling, soft jaws, and CMM fixtures—for these, continuous carbon fiber is required to effectively mimic metal properties.
The additive manufacturing space has exploded, with several printers offering the ability to print in carbon fiber. However, it is best to be mindful of the composites you are purchasing and the applications each fiber has opened up. Unless it specifies that it’s continuous carbon fiber, the material is almost certainly comprised of chopped carbon fiber reinforced filament. While both provide value independent, having the ability to print with both is the best way to cover all your application needs. | <urn:uuid:4111020d-ba9d-42ee-b2df-1236f7bf31b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rdworldonline.com/understanding-the-role-of-carbon-fiber-in-3d-printing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.917781 | 1,138 | 3.5 | 4 |
Skill (mis-)matches and over-education of younger workers /
Contributor(s): Sinning, MathiasPublisher: Adelaide, S.A. National Centre for Vocational Education Research 2011Description: PDFISBN: 1921809531; 9781921809538Subject(s): Skilled Labour Recruiting | Age And Employment Statistics | Recruiting Of Employees | Employees, Rating Of | Labour Supply Effect Of Education On | Qualifications, Professional | Recruitment | Skill Development | Education | National Centre For Vocational Education Research (ncver)Online Resources: Electronic copy
Bibliography : p. 37
Younger workers, particularly those entering the workforce at ages 25 to 34 years of age, are more highly educated than ever before. This study investigates the extent of over-education among younger workers. It also explores the relationship between education and skills mismatch in the workforce. The research shows that most over-skilled workers have low levels of education and require fewer skills at work than they actually have. The majority of under-skilled workers, however, hold a university degree, suggesting that many highly educated workers have jobs that require more skills than they actually seem to possess.
Skill over-education young workers.pdf | <urn:uuid:b08df1de-150d-42b1-9ef5-6e12a6f4ad8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://library.bsl.org.au/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=6836 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.931808 | 251 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Federal criminal law provides a solution for sanctuary cities led by radical, open-borders, politicians who harbor illegal aliens. Rather than penalize the lawful citizens, why not prosecute Sanctuary City leaders?
Is that a radical idea? No, it’s the law. It’s a federal felony to encourage an alien to enter or stay in the United States. This is not some old, antiquated, archaic law. It was part of comprehensive immigration reform, and it is the best, never used weapon available to combat open lawlessness by elected officials who are encouraging aliens to come to their cities and then harboring those aliens.
This conduct is a felony.
Ironically, lawmakers made it worse for those who harbor and solicit illegal aliens to come or stay here than it did for the aliens themselves to enter illegally. Illegal entry is a ‘crime’ in the sense that it is misdemeanor. It’s worth noting that open borders advocates often angrily denounce the term “illegal alien.” The term reflects the often true reality that most illegal aliens did enter illegally, though it is true that those here on a Visa who overstay are merely guilty of the civil violation of being, “undocumented.”
In a perfect world, we would return those caught entering illegally or those overstaying their welcome. However, immigration reform targeted those who exploit illegal aliens for additional punishment. It specifically sought to punish those who encourage illegal aliens to come here, or once here, induced them to stay here in violation of the law. It likely did so recognizing that such conduct creates incentives for mass illegal immigration. Accordingly, the law sought to punish the exploiters more than the exploited.
Sanctuary city leaders are alien exploiters. They are federal felons.
The anti-harboring provisions of 8 USC 1324(a)(1)(a)(iv) are clear. Indeed, while some might argue that an elected official receives dispensation from these laws, no such exception exists. Whether one pays to smuggle illegal aliens into the country or one sets up a political infrastructure to harbor illegal aliens to induce them to come or stay, the legal jeopardy is the same. The politically motivated profiteering that gives rise to harboring is still a felony.
The law targets anyone who “encourages or induces an alien to come to, enter, or reside in the United States, knowing or in reckless disregard of the fact that such coming to, entry, or residence is or will be in violation of law.”
That is a felony punishable by up to 5 years in prison and a fine of $10,000.
When we talk about cutting funding to sanctuary cities to punish elected leaders, we are really talking about punishing Americans who live lawfully in that city. Cutting federal funding hurts many Americans who don’t want to give sanctuary to illegal aliens.
The anti-harboring law allows us to attack narrowly those who encourage illegal entry, who give out state funds, who provide shelter and other material accoutrements to both induce illegal aliens to come to or stay in their cities. In fact, these inducements come often in very public political pronouncements.
The declaration that one’s city is a “sanctuary” may be enough of under the law as broadly written to meet the standard of a “knowing or in reckless disregard of the fact that such coming to, entry, or residence is or will be in violation of law.” These leaders know people are in their cities illegally. They shield them from the law. They encourage them to come and avoid federal authorities, and the cities are openly hostile to federal immigration officers. In many cases, the acts of elected officials are particularly damning when those officials speak openly of the intent behind their harboring.
Ironically, federal courts have now twice stopped the President’s ban on travel from war-torn terror countries saying the President’s statements demonstrate that the law is nothing more than a “Muslim ban.” One judge even said that the ban as written might be neutral, but due to statements by Mr. Trump, it is unconstitutional. There are many problems with that analysis. However, the corollary in the case of sanctuary cities is quite the opposite.
In some states, cities and counties, for example, leaders not only speak of protecting illegal aliens from the feds, but they create laws whose purpose it is to provide protection and support, material and otherwise, to such illegal aliens. The laws violate the anti-harboring statute, and the statements show the intent to do so.
Any reasonably competent US Attorney could indict dozens of Mayors and state officials based on their acts, actions, and statements as they relate to harboring illegal aliens. There is no greater disrespect of the rule of law than when lawmakers and executives openly defy laws with which they disagree. Sanctuary cities are nothing more than illegal harboring zones set up by federal immigration law deniers. These cities represent an active effort to violate our federal immigration laws and to induce illegal aliens to enter or stay in the United States at the detriment of our citizens.
The US should prosecute the criminals behind this conduct.
Any full-frontal assault on the illegal alien infrastructure must start with the rule of law. It is time, indeed, past time, that we put to work the comprehensive immigration reform of the 1990’s to aggressively pursue individuals engaged in harboring activities, whether they be smugglers, disreputable businesses, college presidents, or elected officials.
Author: Richard Kelsey
Richard Kelsey is the Editor-in-Chief of Committed Conservative.
He is a trial Attorney and author of a #11 best-selling book on Amazon written on higher education, “Of Serfs and Lords: Why College Tuition is Creating a Debtor Class”
Rich is also the author of the new Murder-Mystery series, “The ABC’s of Murder,” book one is titled, “Adultery.”
Rich is a former Assistant Law School Dean and Law Professor. At Mason Law Kelsey conceived of, planned, and brought to fruition Mason’s Center for the Protection of Intellectual Property, known as CPIP, drawing on his expertise as a former CEO of a technology company specializing in combating cyber-fraud.
In 2014 he was elected by the graduating class as the faculty speaker at their graduation.
He is a regular commentator on legal and political issues in print, radio and on TV. Rich has appeared on hundreds of stations as a legal expert or political commentator. He provided the legal analysis for all stages of the Bob McDonnell trial and appeal for numerous outlets including NPR and WMAL.
Rich also writes on occasion for the American Spectator and CNSNews.com.
In his free time, Rich is part of the baseball mafia of Northern Virginia, serving on numerous boards and as a little league and travel baseball coach.
His Twitter handle is @richkelsey. | <urn:uuid:1be5d0f2-3917-482d-ab99-e026c8407b18> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://committedconservative.com/2017/03/27/sanctuary-city-leaders/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.96196 | 1,436 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Launching apps is not a big deal, but did you know that you can actually launch your favorite apps by gestures rather than searching for it then tapping on its icon? Yes, there is a way of doing so and I will explain in this tutorial so let’s get started!
We normally turn on/off our phone’s screen several times on a daily basis. To turn off the screen, we normally need to tap on the power button, but how about giving some rest to that button? Instead of of pressing power button, how about double tapping on your phone’s main screen to do the same?
One of cool features that was introduced in Android 5.0 Lollipop was “Screen Pinning” feature. This feature allows you to lock your phone on a specific screen to prevent from an authorized use.
Samsung has first introduced the “Bubble” touch sounds on Galaxy S3 then followed it on the Galaxy S4, S5, Note 3, and Note 4. It might be really annoying to hear this specific touch sound over and over again especially if you’re fan of Galaxy S or Galaxy Note series or just used to Samsung products. In this guide I will show you how to change that annoying touch sound and replace it with yours! Let’s get started.
Making phone calls on your Android device is not a big deal in terms of the process, you normally open your phone’s default dialing app, type in the number you wanna call and tap on the call button. But if you want to make calls quicker, there’s an app that can save you extra seconds and give you the ability to make blazing fast phone calls. Let’s get started!
You can do a lot of cool stuffs with Android Wear, one of them is the ability to use calculator, this can be useful for making fast calculation without using your phone.
One of the very main reasons why we love Android is because it’s open source, that means the possibilities are limitless. Today we have a method of booting Windows 7 into PC using an Android device, how cool is that?
Android Wear watches have so many uses, one of them is the ability to use them as a flashlight! yes a flashlight! Right now, Android Wear watches don’t have a built in flash, but today we’re talking about another way of using your watch as a flashlight. This method uses your watch’s screen as a flashlight, by turning its display to the white and to the highest brightness.
Transferring files from USB flash drive to your Android device might be useful when you don’t have your PC with you. For example, you want to get some files from your friend’s phone. In this case you can use a USB flash drive to easily transfer files to your Android device, this method has variety of uses and this is just one example. | <urn:uuid:27e3e9e3-30ac-42f5-b8b9-e607dee10c65> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://howto.highonandroid.com/page/5/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.923556 | 616 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Barcelona. Spain 15/12/08: Dozens of trash containers calcinated in solidarity with Alexis and the Greek revolt.
Murcia; Spain 11/12/08: The eviction of a well known squat in the city; "La fabrica de hielo" (The Ice Factory) was followed by a demo along the main arteries of the city. Once in the "Gran Via", the main street, the riot police cut the road and gave the order of calling off the protest. The demostrators which accounted for about 150-200 people, refused to stop the demo and the police charged. Some rioting followed. That very same night, at the same time the match "Real Madrid-Barcelona" was taking place and being watched by most of the population, dozens of rubish containers were burned.
DESALOJOS SON DISTURBIOS (Evictions equal riots).
Lisbon; Portugal 12/12/08: Rubish containers burnt in the borough of Gacia. Graffitis on the walls: "Greece is everywhere" and "We are just warming up". | <urn:uuid:daed26c3-e839-4600-8b41-aaf847572f35> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2008/12/415595.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952935 | 235 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Ancient Egyptian papyrus may prove that U̳F̳O̳ sightings are not just a modern phenomenon.
In addition, this papyrus confirms the theory of A̳n̳c̳i̳e̳n̳t̳ a̳l̳i̳e̳n̳s since it could be assumed that U̳F̳O̳s are a modern phenomenon derived from the Roswell incident in 1947, which triggered a wave of obsession with a̳l̳i̳e̳n̳s and deep space in the US and later in the world.
But U̳F̳O̳s have stumped humans since before recorded history, with cave paintings found around the world apparently depicting e̳x̳t̳r̳a̳t̳e̳r̳r̳e̳s̳t̳r̳i̳a̳l̳ visitors from outer space.
There are also early historical accounts from thousands of years ago that give the impression that our ancestors were more familiar with U̳F̳O̳s than we think, although they may not have necessarily associated them with a̳l̳i̳e̳n̳s.
A particular example comes from a papyrus from the year 1440 BC in Ancient Egypt. According to disputed reports supposedly recorded by the scribes of Pharaoh Thutmose III, “disks of fire” were seen hovering over the skies of Lower Egypt.
The incident is said to have been documented in the so-called Tulli Papyrus, which was discovered in 1933 by Alberto Tulli, director of the Egyptian section of the Vatican museum, in an antique shop in Cairo.
Tulli did not have the money to buy the original papyrus at the store, so he copied the hieratic script and then re-copied it in hieroglyphs.
The hieroglyphs were later transcribed and translated by Prince Boris of Rachewiltz, an enthusiastic Italian-Russian Egyptologist, who believed the papyrus to be part of the Annals of Thutmose III.
Impressive videos of U̳F̳O̳s over the pyramids of Egypt
The translation of the papyrus that was made more understandable by the anthropologist R. Cedric Leonard, reads thus:
“In the year 22, of the third month of winter, the sixth hour of the day […] among the scribes of the House of Life it was discovered that a strange Burning Disk was coming from the sky.
“He had no head. The breath from his mouth gave off a foul odor. His body was one yard long and one yard wide.
“I had no voice. She arrived towards her Majesty\’s house. Her heart was confused by it, and they fell on her bellies.
They [went] to the king, to inform him. His Majesty [ordered that] the scrolls [located] in the House of Life be consulted. Her Majesty meditated on all these events that were now happening.
“After several days had passed, they became more numerous in the sky than ever before.
They state in the papyrus “They shone in the sky more than the brightness of the sun, and extended to the limits of the four supports of the sky […] Mighty was the position of the Burning Discs.
“The King\’s army looked on, with His Majesty in their midst. It was after dinner that the Discs rose even higher in the sky to the south.
“Fish and other volatiles rained down from the sky: a wonder never seen before since the founding of the country. And his Majesty brought incense to appease the heart of Amun-Re, the god of the Two Lands.
“And it [ordered] that the event [be recorded to] his Majesty in the Annals of the House of Life [to be remembered] forever.”
Naturally, there are doubts about the authenticity of the source since Alberto Tulli seems to be the only person who has actually seen the original papyrus. The copy given to Boris de Rachewiltz allegedly also contained many errors.
Where the original papyrus is, or if it exists, to this day remains a mystery. | <urn:uuid:93d1f8b3-d4f3-485c-b6a9-0ea5068ca912> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://todaypressworld24.com/?p=3846 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.969674 | 933 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Tips on How to Write a Thank You Note Be Specific
Many of us should be able to write thank you cards, but we haven't yet honed our skills. It's one of those things that is extremely necessary but is somehow forgotten in life. Although it may seem self-evident, you should always initiate your thank-you message with a greeting to your recipient. Several things should influence how official or casual you make this.
Include a brief explanation of why or for what you are thanking the person in your note. There are distinct benefits of being specific: It will help the note to feel less generic if you state the gift. The present should be mentioned in the note to make it feel more personal. When someone appreciates their gift, it makes them feel good. "Thank you for the lovely glass serving bowl," rather than "Thank you for the wedding gift," is a preferable phrase. Including a handwritten comment on how the gift affected you will make the note feel more personal and distinctive. What did you get out of the gift? What did you discover? What was it about the present that appealed to you? When you first got the present, how did it make you feel?
Intentional Word Choice
It's important to use the right words. Spending a bit more time thinking about the words you want to write could enhance your note. To prevent reusing terms like nice, excellent, good, intriguing, and other adjectives that have lost their meaning due to excessive usage, use synonyms. Choose terms from a synonym list that you are familiar with and would use in real life. For instance, don’t say, "I can't thank you enough". What would be satisfactory? Why can't you express your gratitude to them?
To make your note "heartfelt," don't use the phrase "heartfelt." Saying heartfelt does not always imply that the other person will feel the same way. Keep in mind who gave you the gift. Your boss's note may be written in a different tone than your mother's.
Don't begin each sentence with the word "I." People don't want to hear about you; they want to hear about themselves! At least a portion of the note should be about the other person. Giving a compliment is one approach to do this. Are there any more reasons why you admire the giver that you may include in this note?
Use names in your note as well. People enjoy being addressed by their first names. This includes their children's, spouses', or partners' names. Start with something other than "Hey," "Hi," "Hello," or no greeting at all. Make use of the individual's name. Greetings, Tara. Hello, Karan, Mr and Mrs Gupta, and others. You should use the name you pick in person or other correspondence with them (such as email).
Thank You Gift Ideas for Friends: Thoughtful They Will Love to Receive!
Thank You Chocolate Box
A thank-you present can say a lot without saying anything. And every time they use it, they'll remember how much that act of compassion meant to you when they were there for you. Nearly everyone loves chocolates! Here’s a Handmade Luscious Premium Belgium Assorted Chocolate Box from The Date Box that comes in a colourful gift box with 12 pieces of white, milk, and dark chocolates. These Premium Belgium Assorted Chocolates are priced at Rs. 600.
Organic Matcha Kit
Gratitude can take various forms, and often words alone aren't enough to express our gratitude in the way we wish. But it's not about a flashy presentation or a hefty price tag: it's about finding a small gesture that might brighten your special someone's day.
Matcha is an excellent Japanese green tea powder that requires great care and knowledge to develop and provides a wide range of health benefits. Infused with a high amount of caffeine compared to other green teas, as well as the relaxing compound L-theanine, Matcha calmly improves brain function, reduces stress, increases vitality, prevents diabetes, eliminates bad breath, and eliminates tiredness. Antioxidants abound in this fruit. It possesses anti-aging benefits. Blood pressure is reduced, and weight loss is aided. In 100gm, you get 34 cups of pure delight, priced at Rs. 2,000.
Personalized Jigsaw Puzzle
Whether it's someone who pulled you out of a tight spot, a buddy who went above and beyond, or a teacher, doctor, or manager you want to express your gratitude to, there's a present out there that can convey your message just as well as words. Puzzles are a great way to spend time with family and friends. Above all, a Personalized Puzzle provides an enjoyable challenge for your loved ones. Personalize the puzzle to your liking and include a heartfelt remark. All you have to do is upload a high-resolution photo of your loved one and write a personal message for them. The images are printed on a high-quality 8 by 8 inch MDF wooden piece, ensuring that the pieces' shape does not wear down. Priced at Rs. 1,000.
Seven Chakra Crystal Keyring
Like threads of silver seen through crystal beads Let love through good deeds show. This 7-Chakra Keychain is a wonderful way to convey the wonderful healing powers of a variety of crystals. With this 7 Chakra Keychain, your dear one can keep all of their chakras balanced and aligned.
The seven stones on this keychain connect and open the chakras, allowing energy to flow freely, relieving both mental and physical tension, boosting their intelligence, creativity, and self-esteem. It is said to bring good fortune in life, and remove fear and anxiety while improving emotional and physical equilibrium. It bestows love and wealth on a person and has the benefits of seven stones because it is made up of chakra crystals. It is beneficial to the mind, body, and spirit. Price varies from Rs. 350-650 for 8mm, 6mm, and 10mm keychains.
Cupcakes are the ideal long-distance thank-you present. Thank you isn't always as simple as a warm smile and those magic words. There are times in your life when you may want to express your thanks to someone who has been good to you with a message, an email, or even a handpicked gift. It might be difficult to know how to express your gratitude without looking odd, from wedding gifts delivered by distant relatives to thanking your neighbour for helping you move furniture.
When a heartfelt letter is too emotional, flowers are too intimate, and a note isn't enough, there's one thank you for the gift that always works: sweets. Adding a personal touch to any cake adds emotion, and when it comes to these adorable miniature cupcakes, you're in for a treat. wishacupcake.com is a great place to get colourful cupcakes as a gift for a loved one. You may simply order a personalized theme cupcakes product after uploading a sample picture to show what you desire. You'll get 6 cupcakes in a gift set for Rs. 1,500.
Botanical Thank You Gift Box
Now is the time to give credit where it is due! With this Botanical Thank You Gift Box, you may show someone how grateful you are. This botanical gift box contains a limited-edition gift bundle featuring the most popular citrus scents. Niana's handcrafted set, includes a Diffuser with Reeds, a Scented Candle, and a Scented Beads Sachet, making it a lovely present for any occasion.
The set includes the following items: Lime blends with white peony, vanilla, and mahogany to create a burst of exuberance in the Cool Fresh Breeze Reed Diffuser (100 ml). Mandarin Lime Soy Candle - An invigorating blend of fresh mandarin oranges and tangy lime to lift your spirits. Orange Flower Scented Bead Sachet - A well-balanced combination of orange blossom, bergamot, and green citrus notes, with a hint of amber. This captivating set is priced at Rs. 2,800.
Illuminating Glass Light Decanter and Holders
Happiness can be found in the darkest of times if only one remembers to turn on the lights! Light up someone’s life with the gift set of Illuminating Glass Light Decanter and Holders and express your gratitude for a time, when the receiver helped you out of a dark moment.
Priced at Rs. 1,530, this glowing gift set includes a corked glass decanter with LED string lights in the cork, as well as three different-sized glass candle holders, making it a wonderfully designed lights gift set. All of the items are covered with cut-dana glass pipe beads and made of crystal glass. The gift set comes with a white candle, 2 tea-light candles, an LED light, a large and a small bead glass, a bead glass candle and a bead glass bottle.
Animal Planter Pots
“Plant your own garden and decorate your own soul.” Make this quote come alive by gifting cute little animal planters that come in elephants, a whale with a girl and unicorn variations. These animal planters can liven up any space and spread greenery in all corners filled with succulents, flowers, or plants. The planters feature a drainage opening and a stopper. Made of resin these animal planter pots come in colours of gold, grey, blue, pink and white and measure 9.5 x 8.2 cm in dimensions. The Animal Planter Pots are priced at Rs. 399 each.
Aromatherapy Gift Set
"It works if you believe in Aromatherapy! If you don't believe in Aromatherapy, believe us when we say that it works!" This exquisitely designed premium aromatherapy gift set glistens, it smells beautiful and is opulent. You can give it as a present, crave it, or keep it for yourself. A striking decor piece that will fill any room with a lovely smell, the aromatherapy gift set from ekamonline.com is priced at Rs. 2,450 and includes a 10ml Third-eye Chakra Essential Oil Blend Fragrance Oil, a 10ml Crown Chakra Essential Oil Blend Fragrance Oil, a 70 oz Soy Wax Candle with Essential Oil, 1 piece premium white ceramic pot and a tea-light candle.
Parisienne Patisserie Gift Box
Soap is to the body, what laughter is to the soul. Say thank you with the Parisienne Patisserie Gift Box. The soaps in this Parisienne Patisserie Gift Box are not only lovely to look at, but they are also great for the skin. They are highly lathery and moisturize the skin with healthy oils. All of the soap's fragrances and colours are sourced from skin-friendly companies in the United States. Packaged beautifully in a gift box, the Parisienne Patisserie Gift Box includes: 1 Mille Feuille (185gm), 1 Eclair (124gm), a Cupcake Soap (94gm), a Hand Poured Soy Wax Candle x 1 Warm Vanilla Sugar (80gm) 3 Macaron Soaps (150gm). The Parisienne Patisserie Gift Box is priced at Rs. 2,150.
Bonus Tips: Inexpensive DIY Thank You Gifts
Sometimes a note simply doesn't do the trick, and there’s nothing more special than a homemade present to say "thank you." Here are some of the easiest DIY projects that would work nicely as a unique thank-you gift for practically any occasion.
- Luggage Tags– DIY luggage tags are a great way to say thank you to someone who travels a lot. They'd also be a terrific way to express gratitude to anyone who has accommodated you as a house guest. You could include an invitation to come to visit you at your home with the luggage tags so that you can repay their kindness.
- Sweet Treats - A sweet food basket is a surprisingly simple thank-you present to put together. If you're handy in the kitchen, make your own candies and sweets, or simply fill the basket with sweet treats from a gourmet market or bakery. Include a variety of premium chocolate bars in a basket for a distinctive twist, or construct a hot chocolate basket with micro marshmallows and luxury hot cocoa mixes.
- Magazine Coasters – This is an ideal thank-you present for anyone who frequently entertains. It's also a fantastic thank-you present for anyone who has recently moved into a new home or apartment. You can simply make a stylish set of coasters out of old magazines. Make at least four of these so that you can share a set. Consider including some cocktail mixers or a bottle of wine with the present if you want to go above and above.
- DIY Ombre Kitchen Utensils - This is a fantastic DIY thank-you present for anyone who enjoys cooking. With some craft paint and painter’s tape, you can simply reproduce ombre-styled serving pieces. Pair these with the colour palette napkins above for an extra spectacular present. Another option is to combine them with some fresh veggies from the farmers’ market and serve them with a handmade salad. ul>
Show Your Gratitude Right away without Leaving The Comfort of Your Home.
Saying 'Thank You' is not that easy. If you find it difficult to express gratitude, then the best way to do it is to give a gift along with a sweet note. You can pick any from these lists as a thank you gift for friends, couples or your sweetheart. Being thankful for others is a noble act, and rewarding someone who has aided you at a tough time demonstrates that you are a decent person. So, pick one from the list and show your gratitude and respect towards your people. | <urn:uuid:08a63e40-8c4a-49a8-9a48-6b668a765e9a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bp-guide.in/AXLxmeBW | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.942636 | 2,907 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Plant Diversity ›› 1979, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (02): 1-3.
• Articles •
Ming Tien-lu Fang Rhui-cheng
The genus Rhododendron possesses about 850 species ,so it is one of the important componenet of the flora of the North Temperate Zone.In recent era, its center of the distribution lies in Western Szechuan,Northwestern Yunnan,Southeastern Tibet,and though Upper Burma to Eastern Himalaya westwards.In this regions,it possesses not only abundant species and various groups (i.e.Sections and Subsections),but alse the most primitive groups.Basing on these facts,a conclusion could be obtained that the Szechuan-Yunnan Old-land with its adequate surroundings during the geological period ,may be the cradle of the genus.The disjunctive distribution at present of the genus Rhododendron in Europe,Asia and North America probably indicates the close relationship to its center of distribution.
Ming Tien-lu Fang Rhui-cheng. ON THE ORIGIN AND GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF GENUS RHODODENDRON L.[J]. Plant Diversity, 1979, 1(02): 1-3.
Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX | <urn:uuid:af4004d6-14a7-482c-9ef9-51a851b88ef7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://journal.kib.ac.cn/EN/abstract/abstract32736.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.794329 | 347 | 3.171875 | 3 |
The work mainly evolved between Sep. 2016 - Oct. 2017 at the Xi’an University of Technology, China and Oct. 2017 - Oct. 2019 at the Chair of Water Resources Management and Modeling of Hydrosystems, Institute of Civil Engineering, School VI Plannung Building Environment, Technische Universität Berlin.
Day of scientific discussion: December 22, 2019, Xi’an University of Technology, China
It is known that soil and water loss is serious in Loess Plateau, China. Soil erosion is a serious threat to the ecological environment and social productivity in watershed. The slope is considered as the main source of soil erosion. As the most basic unit of the watershed, slope is usually the beginning of the soil erosion research process. The sediment production mechanism of slope soil erosion and the quantitative study of sediment transport is a difficult and hot topic of international research. The thesis takes loess slope as the research object to develop the soil erosion numerical model. Firstly, the algorithm of hydrological-hydrodynamic numerical model is optimized. Secondly, the response of sediment yield to hydrodynamic parameters is analyzed through the indoor slope erosion experiment, and then the sediment transport capacity is established for loess slope. Finally, high-performance and robust numerical model is established for sediment transport processes simulation on loessal slope based on the optimized hydrological-hydrodynamic numerical model and established slope sediment transport capacity. The high-performance and robust numerical model is applied to simulate the rainfall erosion experiment for verification model. This research obtained the following main conclusions:
(1) A novel friction source term treatment method was developed for overland flow simulation using shallow water flow model, which improved the calculation efficiency of the hydrological-hydrodynamic numerical model and the accuracy of the surface runoff simulation. The mathematical method is applied to change the implicit solution into the explicit scheme for the friction source term in the shallow water equation by the quadratic equation, which improve calculation efficiency of the friction source term. Compared with the fully implicit algorithm, the proposed algorithm can save 45.16%-93.55% friction calculation time. The proposed algorithm function can be flexibly integrated into the shallow water equation.
(2) Clarified the response of surface runoff simulation accuracy to high-resolution DEM, high-resolution DEM can significantly improve the accuracy of simulation results. By simulating the rainfall-runoff process in the 2m and 5m resolution DEM in watershed, it is shown that the capture accuracy of the peak flow and time for the higher-resolution DEM is increased by 14.71% and 20%, respectively. For the simulation accuracy of the runoff process, NSE and R2 increased by 26.03% and 14.67% respectively; RMSE and RB decreased by 22.58% and 84.78%, respectively.
(3) Revealed the response of sediment transport on slope to hydrodynamic parameters under different slope and flow conditions, slope sediment transport capacity formula was established based on unit energy power. Compared to the relationship between runoff shear stress, unit stream power and runoff energy consumption theory and slope erosion, it is shown that the three theories have themselves advantages in slope erosion research. The parameters are easy to obtain for unit stream power calculation, and unit stream power theory is widely used to the erosion model based on physical processes. Based on the slope sediment transport capacity formula of Govers, slope sediment transport capacity was corrected by introducing the viscous sand starting flow rate calculation method, the parameters based on the particle size of the sediment particles were determined through regression analysis of the experimental data. A corrected slope sediment transport capacity formula of Govers was established, which is suitable for the loess slope. Compared to original Govers formula, the established slope sediment transport capacity formula can is better to predict the sediment transport capacity. Regarding the evaluation metrics, P.O.0.5-2.0 and R2 are increased by 28.94% and 5.38%, and RMSE is reduced by 80.00%.
(4) The high-performance and robust numerical model of two-dimensional water and sediment on the slope was developed. The temporal and spatial evolution of slope runoff and sediment was simulated, and the source and change of erosion was identified on the slope. The hydrological-hydrodynamic numerical model coupled the slope sediment transport module established by corrected Govers sediment transport capacity formula, which shaped a high-performance robust numerical model for the two-dimensional water and sediment for the loess slope. The model simulation was verified by simulating the rainfall erosion experiment for slope and slope-gully. Regarding the evaluation metrics for slope simulation accuracy: the NSE were 0.83 for runoff rate and 0.66 for sediment concentration, R2 were 0.89 for runoff rate and 0.73 for sediment concentration, respectively, and RB was -5.02% for runoff rate and -1.02% for sediment concentration. Regarding the evaluation metrics for slope-gully simulation accuracy: the NSE were 0.81 for runoff rate and 0.47 for sediment concentration, R2 were 0.74 for runoff rate and 0.57 for sediment concentration, respectively, and RB was -5.88% for runoff rate and -1.53% for sediment concentration. The analysis of the slope erosion source in spatial shown that the most severely eroded area is the middle and lower part of the slope, and the erosion contribution rate of the slope 1~4m is 69.59%. It is necessary to carry out some measures for controlling the soil erosion in main erosion source area. | <urn:uuid:e1e50b37-fad1-4095-94f3-218ea6b7772f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tu.berlin/wahyd/forschung/doktoranden-galerie/dr-ing-tian-wang | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.936963 | 1,145 | 2.5 | 2 |
Dutch artist Claudy Jongstra is as effectively acknowledged for her dedication to sustainability as she is for her signature artworks and installations built from wool felt. Her get the job done is immediately recognisable: substantial in scale, prosperous in texture and lively in color.
Not only is all of the wool for her jobs sourced sustainably from her individual herd of sheep but she also provides her have pure dyes from her diligently curated botanical backyard garden
Her most current exhibition at the Galerie Fontana in Amsterdam is titled “Connecting with Claudy – A Tribute to the Bloomsbury Team encouraged by the radical pondering and multidisciplinary perform of the 20th-century artist collective that still left London to stay, do the job and yard in the English countryside.
When doing the job on a job in London with Willer Gallery various decades back, Claudy Jongstra came to know the Bloomsbury Group, the artists residing at Charleston Farmhouse and the Omega Workshop they initiated. Straight away, she was struck by their radical imagining about art, society, literature, economics, politics, friendships and sexuality.
Jongstra also became impressed by the way their movement blurred the boundaries in numerous locations together with the arts. Here she discusses her artwork, activism and how sustainable doing work feeds her creativity. Her perform will be provided for sale in the London Showroom, presented by Willer Gallery. By Sotheby’s.
You have set up a self-enough studio. Does that mean you were capable to keep on operating during the last 12 months of lockdown?
We have a self-enough studio and absolutely sustainable no-waste working processes, so on the resourceful aspect technically we could continue on doing the job, yes. But the lockdown 12 months proved pretty tough for the architects, galleries and art collectors we function with.
There was pretty much no desire for international big commissions and these in the procedure were all halted or postponed. As you know, the artwork fairs, shows at galleries and any interaction with the earth of art accumulating arrived to a comprehensive standstill.
Of system, so did any travelling work-intelligent so our global personnel of artwork pupils from all close to the earth could no more time appear and do the job in the studio.
What we did is downsize and focus on exploration and experiment, doing the job in a a little smaller group. For me personally, it provided time and place to work on my autonomous performs of artwork, to attempt out new thoughts and to establish on a entire body of is effective that luckily now is presented in a substantial exhibition in Museum De Lakenhal in Leiden and my gallery in Amsterdam, Galerie Fontana. And now with the initial regulations and scares all around coronavirus easing down, the commission aspect of my art apply in collaboration with architects has picked up once more.
You commenced by learning style. Why did you come to a decision to move away from that route? What drew you to the art of felt creating and how did you find out about it?
Quite a few matters took place approximately at the same time. Though I worked on some pretty attention-grabbing jobs this sort of as the costumes for the 1st Star Wars movie and collaborations with well known vogue designers, my working experience of the fashion-related inventive marketplace was also a person of the limitations, deadlines, considerably far too short cycles and extremely little or no sense of the have to have of sustainability, which nervous me most even 20 years back.
Then I encountered a huge woollen felted tent, a yurt, in a museum presentation and was profoundly moved by the electrical power and quality of this comforting, flexible, purely organic materials. I made a decision to lock myself in my studio in Amsterdam to acquire time to perform out what I could build with uncooked wool and this felting technique.
The independence I felt experimenting all by itself, concentrating on the content and this primary system released a kaleidoscope of strategies to build more. It aided a good deal that my 1st pieces ended up immediately appreciated by museum curators and avant-garde architects. I experienced located my language, that was for absolutely sure.
Is wool a challenging medium to function with?
As with any materials you opt for to operate with it normally takes time to get to know it effectively. Along the way, I picked up additional and much more know-how about wool and felting and the other purely natural fibres I do the job with like silk and linen. The principal supply although for constructing up understanding and dexterity is the do the job itself, letting your palms do the felting hours on finish and someway your thoughts stores the memory of the motion in all its versatility, a repetitive mindful lesson par excellence you can say.
Ahead of I start out felting there are all kinds of processes included to prepare the woollen fibres, like cautiously buying it clear and washing the raw wool, carding it to receive clean wads of silken smooth fibres. Also, in the studio the carded wool is spun into a thread and that is applied for embroidery or weaving, a chapter in itself at the centre of my focus proper now.
When did you initial turn into intrigued in the ethics of producing artwork and in biodiversity as a topic? Why and how did you create your flock of sheep?
My whole daily life I have been upset by injustice, albeit social injustice or injustice toward mom mother nature as perfectly as bad treatment of animals and wildlife, and have felt the urge to put factors proper anywhere and anytime I was in the placement to do that.
So, there was no question for me that when I started out my career as an artist I only preferred to operate in a sustainable way. Very little did I know that together the way I would have the likelihood to not only make good decisions in direction of preserving character but I would even have the risk to add to essential biodiversity in quite a few methods.
So that’s why I selected to create my artwork parts with wool from the Drenthe Heath Sheep, an historical breed that experienced grazed for hundreds of years alongside a huge place of the heathlands in Northern Europe. By undertaking so this breed was the natural maintainer of the wild stretches of heath, pruning it in their pure way and dispersing seeds and pollen at the very same time on their path. When I discovered this indigenous Dutch breed, at initially for the wild luscious quality of its uncooked wool, I immediately realized that supplying their wonderful fleece a new intent would assist conserve this sheep breed from extinction.
To start out with I tried using to have my personal herd in a nature reserve in Utrecht. When my art apply grew and my desire for the fleeces improved at the time of shifting the studio to Friesland, I selected to retain herds at a length by leaving the herding more than to a shepherd doing work with a significant flock in the northern provinces of the Netherlands.
Why and how did you build a botanical yard and how are you equipped to generate these types of superior-high-quality dyes with no employing synthetic ingredients? And how do they compare?
One particular stems from the other in this situation. Mainly because I was disappointed with the results I reached with synthetic dyes I started off seeking for alternatives and was impressed by what I stumbled upon.
Dyes from pigment vegetation proved to be an infinite treasure trove and after some a long time of experimenting presented me with a kaleidoscopic paintbox.
To be in a position to review them and cultivate the distinctive outdated plant crops I had to build a botanical yard. Virtually two a long time ago I gained a prestigious award also consisting of a very valuable quantity of money. This was invested wholly in the botanical backyard of flowering plants, pigment species and herbs as perfectly. It was the commencing of a journey of discovery unearthing not only previous plant species made use of for dying but also an array of medieval recipes with nearly no restrictions. After my companion Claudia Busson and I experienced acquired a smallholding nearby we could scale up our generate and investigation on the biodynamic farm we established there.
I became associated in an global collaboration involving universities, a restoring laboratory and the Rijksmuseum identified as Artechne. Thanks to the conditions on the farm, the fertile clay, the ashes from our wooden-fired bread oven, a glasshouse in the chilly climate in the north of Europe and our crops of the past yrs, the array of colours I can gain from has developed greatly like bringing back the mysterious Burgundian Black from the 16th century.
The all-natural dyes from pigment crops have enriched my palette and when utilized in the right way based mostly on aged recipes and techniques the colours have a large scope of hues from extremely subtle to powerful and vivid. I even regulate to develop new colors by continuing to check out out new mixtures of ingredients.
In comparison, my option for these entirely purely natural and sustainable colours has worked out incredibly nicely – truly beyond expectation. Other than emotion pleased about this way of dying, particularly for the reason that of its effective influence on biodiversity, I also sense that the purity and vibrancy of the colours in my textile operates of art are what distinguishes my oeuvre. And much more and extra folks are reacting positively to the fully sustainable provenance of the elements and colors, at the very same time it is the embodiment of my heartfelt activism, so it feels fantastic in quite a few ways.
What have you acquired considering the fact that building this sustainable way to create your artwork?
The relevance of sustainable and traceable generation chains and establishing a lot more related workshops cases. The urgency to initiate community maker creation programs and the need to shop and transfer all sorts of awareness – which include haptic – preferably in inter-generational and inclusive settings.
What position did artwork and nature perform in your upbringing?
Art wasn’t an integral element of my upbringing or part of my family members heritage. My mom did make lovely dresses and other ornamental and useful textiles for our house, so there surely is a link there. Also, my preliminary education and learning was not artwork-oriented, but I felt a strong urge to go in this course from a younger age. I experienced to make an enormous effort to be permitted to go on to adhere to an artwork schooling.
Mother nature on the other hand was close to us in the countryside in Limburg where by we lived and I cherished it from a younger age, constantly obtaining experienced an fascination in farming lifestyle. A strong component in my family life was delightful area food items and cooking alongside one another and owning relatives get-togethers all around our desk. Much more and a lot more I realise that the bordering monasteries in the southern province of Limburg constituted a concentration on a religious and seem way of residing and doing the job with each other, generating your own foods and collaborating in all varieties of artisanal resourceful and production methods in a shut-knit group.
How do you look at the present-day dialogue about climate alter? What offers you hope?
More youthful generations give me hope because they are extremely open up to the urgency to act to help you save our earth. Also, they are returning to a new way – basically an historical way – of operating alongside one another in autarky and building renewed connections equally with nature and with every other in the countryside and the town. Independency has come to be a new signal of toughness, supplying vital requirements on a modest scale and hunting right after each other and bordering mother nature. In particular the circumstance for the duration of the world wide lockdowns for the reason that of the coronavirus has strengthened this recognition.
Where by do you discover your inspiration?
In nature. It is a in no way-ending saga that astonishes and surprises me time and time yet again. Additional understanding about mother nature provides new discoveries. Also, I’m fascinated by anthropological infrastructures, a time honoured and so rich in wisdom. Usually when you occur across certain phenomena from the background of humankind you are struck by how ingenious our forefathers and mothers ended up and how worthy their life and function was even for our occasions.
Why do you often choose to perform on a incredibly substantial scale, and what working experience do you hope viewers will have?
Significant scale artwork installations I develop are typically connected to the purpose, the history or the geographical surroundings. There is a good deal to convey to about the influence these substantial functions in organic fibres have on the senses and perfectly-becoming of people who get the job done and dwell in its proximity.
Obviously, a sizeable dimension in a fitting architectural location provides to this impression, can greatly enhance the narrative and inhabits the room like a comforting entity.
Significant areas talk to for impactful gestures and invite the people today coming by to spend notice and join to these art pieces.
How has your do the job and your solution to art altered since you to start with commenced out as an artist? Do you take into consideration your get the job done to have a concept and if so, what would that be?
In the previously many years, I felt a deep link with the material and technique, focusing on all the choices and seeking to delve further and further in the investigate and discovering new frontiers of my capacity to produce. Obtaining worked a whole lot in collaboration with architects for substantial scale jobs for some time I missing my artistic focus.
Just like at the beginning of my profession as an artist I had to return to the essence of my operate in which both the artist and the activist would feel nourished and pleased.
The good thing is, alongside the way, new precious areas grew to become apparent to me like the purely natural landscape preservation that the grazing sheep offered. Also, the excellent urgency for biodiversity and the revaluation of wool as a worthy substance. My urge to transfer knowledge had to be fulfilled as properly, at the very same time building confident our studio was doing the job inclusively and delivering function and relationship to the area local community.
Even though finding these aspects ideal I became reinvigorated and felt totally free and impartial once again and the stream of creativity followed vigorously.
Your functions are frequently installed in general public spaces – how significant is it that art is accessible to all?
It is extremely essential to have the option to be in make contact with with art, in particular when it doesn’t happen by itself in someone’s own social natural environment. People have to have to be surprised, questioned, moved, touched. I’m satisfied to contribute to this by getting the privilege to create for community spaces.
What has been the proudest second of your vocation so far?
Lots of collaborations have been highlights for me, like with the architects of the Obama Centre, Tod Williams and Billie Tsien, developing an extraordinary artwork set up for the Barnes Foundation and top fashion designers like John Galliano. Also, sure awards for sustainability like the ‘Duurzaam Lintje’. I’m particularly very pleased of developing a sustainable and holistic functioning local community and the several wonderful intergenerational cooperation with art students from all about the entire world. | <urn:uuid:1585afcb-eda9-4765-863a-c4038f17f11c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ilandscapin.com/the-importance-of-creating-art-sustainably.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.961914 | 3,146 | 1.5 | 2 |
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Commonly known as Bellflower
Huge range of species ranging from alpines under 5cm to woodland species at over 2m and including the native harebell and the cottage-garden Canterbury bells.
Genus of about 420 species of annuals, biennials and perennials, some evergreen. They occur widely in temperate zones of the northern hemisphere, particularly in southern Europe and Turkey.
Four natives occur. C. glomerata (clustered bellflower) is found in chalk grassland, C. rotundifolia (harebell) in dunes and dry, grassy places, C. latifolia (giant bellflower) in woods and shady banks and C. trachelium (nettle-leaved bellflower, bats-in-the-belfry or throatwort, alluding to historical use) in woods and hedgerows. An introduction, C.rapunculoides (creeping bellflower) has become naturalised along railway banks but is still rare.
HerbaceousEarly in the year, typically January till end of March, herbaceous plants might be supplied in 9cm pots to ensure timely despatch.Annuals, biennials and perennials - some evergreen. Flowers can be bell-shaped, tubular, star-shaped or cup- or saucer- shaped.
Additional FeaturesGood to knowWildlife plant - insects.Pests & DiseasesSlugs, snails. Persicifolia and its cultivars are susceptible to rust.Place of originNorthern hemishpere, particularly southern Europe and Turkey.
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- Dividing Summer Perennials - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Dividing summer flowering Hemerocallis - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Summer propagation - Video Tip ondemand_video
- Self-seeding aquilegia - Video Tip ondemand_video
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- Dead heading meconopsis - Video Tip ondemand_video
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Buy Varieties of CAMPANULA
large, deep blue flowers
large, white flowers
deepest purple, rounded heads
lilac-rose flowers growing up to 4 feet
pure blue bellflower
pure white bellflower | <urn:uuid:4bf551ea-5cfe-4959-a8c0-7fe97f25237f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.burncoose.co.uk/site/plants.cfm?pn_id=113 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.805044 | 692 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Social Media Marketing
Social Media Marketing may be used by businesses of all sizes to reach out to prospects and customers. People use social media to learn about, follow, and shop from brands, so you're missing out if you're not on Facebook, Instagram, or LinkedIn. By building devoted brand supporters and even driving leads and revenue, great social media marketing may help your organization reach exceptional success.
WHAT IS SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING?
Social media marketing is a sort of digital marketing that takes advantage of social media networks' popularity to achieve marketing and branding goals. It's not just a matter of creating company accounts and posting whenever you want. Social media marketing requires a flexible approach with measurable goals, such as:
MAINTAINING AND IMPROVING YOUR SOCIAL MEDIA PROFILES.
- Images, films, tales, and live videos that represent your brand and attract an appropriate audience.
- Monitoring your reputation and responding to comments, shares, and likes.
- Build a community around your brand by following and engaging with followers, customers, and influencers.
- Paid social media advertising allows you to pay to have your company appear in front of large groups of highly targeted people on social media.
BENEFITS OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING
Because of its extensive use and versatility, social media is one of the most successful free marketing methods available today. Some of the benefits of social media marketing are as follows:
HUMANIZE YOUR BUSINESS:
You may use social media to make your company an active player in your market. Your profile, posts, and interactions with other users all contribute to a persona that your audience may get to know and trust.
With your profile link, blog post links in your articles, and advertisements, social media is a great way to drive traffic to your website and convert visitors into buyers.
GENERATE LEADS AND CUSTOMERS:
Through features like Instagram/Facebook stores, direct messaging, call to action buttons on profiles, and appointment booking options, you may also create leads and conversions directly on these networks.
INCREASE BRAND AWARENESS:
The visual aspect of social media platforms aids in the development of your visual identity and the spread of your brand across a big audience. Improved brand familiarity translates to greater advertising results across the board.
These platforms allow you to network, receive feedback, hold discussions, and interact directly with others through both direct and indirect lines of communication with your following. | <urn:uuid:6349d5a6-8949-49f4-a646-e21e28693efc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.marketraja.com/services/digital-marketing/social-media-marketing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.911225 | 529 | 1.757813 | 2 |
CALAMBA CITY, Laguna — SOME areas of the Mt. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape (MBSCPL) that fall within the strict protection zone remain closed to the public this Holy Week.
Maria Paz Luna, DENR-Calabarzon Regional Executive Director, told Philippine News Agency (PNA) on Tuesday that the MBSCPL Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) has decided to impose the closure until further notice from the local government unit.
“The continued closure on certain areas of the park has been set by the park’s management board as it falls within the Strict Protection Zone (SPZ),” Luna said.
She said the protected site is not yet fully recovered despite the imposition of the 15-year restriction on public access to the mountains.
She said the continuing closure would remain until barangays on its slopes are fully-prepared, trained, and ready to handle visitors and are able to implement the carrying capacity of the areas frequently visited.
The mountain’s mystical ambiance is “an open secret” to pilgrims, tourists, outdoor enthusiasts, mystical and esoteric groups as local folklores claim it to be home to a wealth of medicinal plants and rare flora and fauna species. It has been said that its refreshing environs have spiritual and therapeutic values.
In 2004, PAMB issued a resolution declaring specific areas in the protected area as closed to the public, covering different puestos (sacred places) of Barangay Kinabuhayan, Kristalino Falls, Dungaw, Tatlong Tangke then back to Kinabuhayan on the side of Dolores, and from Barangay Bugon, puesto of Pagbuga up to Dulong Ilaya in Barangay Concepcion-Pinagbakuran and Concepcion-Banahaw on the Sariaya side, both in Quezon province.
By March 2006, five more areas serving as public entry points in Laguna were also considered as restricted, particularly in Barangay Bukal in Nagcarlan; Barangays Ilaya Sungi and Novaliches in Liliw; and Bukal and Taytay in Majayjay.
Grass and bush fires seared through the slopes and peak in the famed “Dungaw” site in Mt. Cristobal in 2013 that prompted the PAMB to completely close it to the public.
MBSCPL Park Superintendent Sally Pangan said that at the onset of the Holy Week, more than 200 mountaineers from various local groups such as the Ugnayan ng Mamumundok ng Banahaw, San Pablo Mountaineers, Tanaka-Laguna, Buhawi, Tayabas Mountaineers, and the Banahaw Dolores Outdoor Club, have volunteered to provide extra manpower in regulating the movement of pilgrims and visitors to ensure those ascending the slopes would not slip into restricted areas.
“We will be patrolling the whole protected area throughout the Holy Week, in cooperation with the local government units, the police force, volunteer groups, radio groups and many more,” Pangan said.
Pangan said a command post is established at the Protected Area Management Office (PAMO) in Barangay Kinabuhayan, where people visiting other parts of the protected area are required to register and undergo a brief orientation.
Police teams have already been deployed to impose curfew hours in the park from 10 p.m. until 4 a.m. the next day. Checkpoints that are manned 24 hours are also set up to prevent crime and other untoward incidents.|Saul E. Pa-a, PNA | <urn:uuid:006f4713-71a9-49c5-ac1c-5e82a2d37b24> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://balikas.net/mt-banahaw-areas-still-off-limits-for-holy-week/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.935417 | 779 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Pricing decisions can be really difficult. And that’s true whether you’re one bloke in a van with a box of tools or you’re running a gigantic corporation with hundreds of people. The problems are all basically the same.
Firstly, there is no guaranteed formula for determining the right price for the things you sell in any given situation. This is because it’s never possible to know all of the relevant information that should go into deciding the correct price of something. In particular, you can’t look inside the mind of your customer. You can’t see the value proposition for whatever you’re selling in exactly the same way as they do.
So, how do you go about solving this problem? Well, I’m not going to give you a crystal-clear answer on how to do it, because I just told you that there is no guaranteed formula. However, I can give you some tips on how not to do it, and I can also share some ideas about the things you should be doing to maximise your chances of getting the best price possible.
The first thing to understand is the reason that you are pricing your work in the first place. This might seem obvious, but unfortunately not everybody gets it all the time. So, just to be clear, the reason you price work is not to win the work. The reason you price your work is to win the profit the work generates. So remember, it’s gross profit, not sales that pays for all your overheads and rewards you as the business owner.
Which leads to my second point. It’s vital that you understand the connection between your pricing levels, your gross profit margins and the volume of work that you’re doing.
Let me give you an example of what I mean. If I was to ask you how much work you could afford to lose If you put up your prices by 5%. What would your answer be? So remember, if you put up your prices your gross profit margin goes up on each sale, but of course you’ll be making fewer sales, because your prices went up. Do you know, I mean actually know for sure how many sales you can afford to lose for any given price increase while still making the same amount of gross profit.
Why’s this important? It’s important because you need to understand the impact on profit of your pricing decisions.
Alright, let’s talk about some of the factors that should go into your pricing decisions. Obviously, you should keep an eye on what the competition is doing. This doesn’t mean that you let your competitors set your prices but rather it’s about situational awareness. You should be looking for products and services and markets where margins are strong and competition is not what it could be. That’s where you need to be focusing your marketing effort.
But what do you do when you’re constantly being undercut by the competition? The answer is to figure out why it’s happening then figure out how to respond. Make sure you do things in that order, don’t just respond without knowing what’s going on.
Some of the things that you should investigate is whether your competition is just more efficient at doing the work. Or maybe they’re using cheaper goods or they’re cutting corners. You might need to do some detective work to figure this out. But, let’s say that you conclude that you’re operating as efficiently as you can, but you can’t match the competition’s prices and make an acceptable gross profit. What do you do then? You’ve got two choices. Either you can exit that particular market and focus your efforts elsewhere, or you can realise that the problem is fundamentally a sales problem. Remember, price is only one element in a customer’s buying decision. If it wasn’t, everybody would be doing all the shopping at the Two-Dollar shop or Aldi. And they don’t.
So, if you’re really struggling against competitive pricing there are two things you need to do.
First, realise that the work that you do and the products you sell are high-quality and deserve a premium price. The first sale you make always has to be to yourself.
Second, learn how to communicate that value to your customers. Yes, I mean learn how to sell. There are plenty of resources out there to help you with this. This isn’t something that comes naturally to most sparkies – in fact it doesn’t come naturally to most people. But selling is a critical part of business success and you owe it to yourself and your business to learn how to do it properly. You don’t need to be a sales wizard, you just need to learn the basics and be a little bit better than what you are doing at the moment.
So, to wrap up, my message to you today is that pricing is hard and that there aren’t any magical systems that will always result in the perfect price. But if you’re focused on your margins, and you understand your market and you’ve got a strong sales process, you’re much better positioned to make the right pricing decisions.
Another good decision you could make is to enlist the help of someone who knows how these things work. At Certus Group we have a three-phase program specifically tailored for growing electrical and HVAC businesses. Feel free to give us a call to discuss how we can help you grow your business, and check out our website at HVACaccountants.com.au. | <urn:uuid:8c85129a-ac10-4d76-bf81-30c764d88f7f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.certusgroup.com.au/pricing-against-competition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.953282 | 1,178 | 1.578125 | 2 |
"By 2012 Kazakhstan should become one of the world's top 10 exporters of oil and gas," Nazarbaev said. "Overall industrial production should double, and the oil-and-gas sector and the entire extractive industry will be the main donor in the realization of this task."
Nazarbaev made the predictions at the 21st congress of the Kazakh Trade Union Federation in the capital Astana. He said that salaries of government employees will also increase.
The Kazakh president also said that in the same period, spending in the science and education sectors is expected to triple.
Since the early 1990s, Kazakhstan has undergone a successful transformation into a market economy. While its economic reforms are often praised, Kazakhstan's leadership has been criticized for failing to hold fully democratic elections and not allowing adequate rights for its independent media. | <urn:uuid:124851c8-7f13-4133-9c02-f67f9d543f82> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rferl.org/a/1062509.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.964355 | 173 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Challenging Gender Stereotypes in the Early Childhood Classroom
Although research shows that while most parents agree that children should be treated the same regardless of gender in early childhood, they still treat male and female children differently in ways that support gender stereotypes. For example, when told a child was a boy, parents would handle a baby or toddler more roughly than when told the child was a girl.
Studies have also shown that mothers are more comfortable with the idea of their children behaving in ways that go against typical gender roles (such as young boys crying when they are sad) than fathers. And both mothers and fathers were more comfortable with encouraging female children to play in ways that are usually associated with males, like playing with trucks, than with encouraging male children to play in ways that match the gender roles for girls, like playing with dolls.
Parents and educators have a responsibility to work together to create welcoming environments for children of any gender identity and to challenge gender stereotypes in the early childhood classroom. Here are a few ways that adults can help make these safe spaces for children.
Acknowledge your own beliefs
Before adults can effectively cultivate welcoming spaces for children that challenge gender stereotypes, they must look within themselves and question the beliefs and biases they may hold. Subconsciously or consciously, parents and teachers often expect and encourage different behaviors from boys than girls. Adults must constantly reevaluate if their words, actions, and behaviors are aligned with the goal of challenging gender stereotypes.
Watch your language
Be careful that the language you use with children does not reflect stereotypical gender roles. For example, you could change the words of popular songs that say “he” or “she” or name male or female names in the context of stereotypical gender roles, and change the pronouns to “they” or switch to the opposite pronoun. Instead of addressing a group of children as “boys and girls,” simply say “everyone.” It may seem like a small thing, but this inclusive language goes a long way towards ingraining in children’s minds that males and females are equal.
Observe and adjust
Watch the way children play naturally and see if there are certain activities or toys males gravitate towards more than females or vice versa. Then make adjustments to the play areas to make them more welcoming to all genders. For example, if boys are dominating the area for playing with blocks, make sure there are a variety of colors of blocks or tape pictures to some of the blocks to encourage story-telling. If girls are dominating the dress-up or costume area, make sure there are plenty of costumes and accessories for doctors, superheroes, and firefighters. Not only does this encourage girls to explore costumes that historically have been associated with careers and play meant for males, but it may attract more boys to a female-dominated costume play area as well.
Early childhood is such an important time for children developing gender identity. Parents and educators must be conscientious about creating safe and welcoming spaces for children to explore gender expression without being boxed in to obsolete and harmful gender stereotypes. Acknowledging personal beliefs about gender roles, using inclusive language, and observing and adjusting the play space are all things adults can do to contribute to challenging gender stereotypes in early childhood spaces. | <urn:uuid:12cc3747-f87e-45e5-94b9-03657090c464> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theedadvocate.org/challenging-gender-stereotypes-in-the-early-childhood-classroom/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.955687 | 662 | 4.3125 | 4 |
You knew the U.S. had a massive carbon footprint, but did you know we also have the world’s third largest “SeafoodPrint?”
That’s according to a study published today in National Geographic led by Oceana board member and fisheries expert Dr. Daniel Pauly and National Geographic fellow Enric Sala.
How do you measure the “SeafoodPrint” of a country, you ask? By factoring in the type of fish and the total amount hauled in. The researchers used a unit of measurement based on “primary production,” the microscopic organisms at the bottom of the marine food web that are required to make a pound of a given type of fish.
China comes in at the number one spot because of its sheer population size, while Peru is ranked second because its anchoveta becomes fish meal for farm-raised pigs, chickens and fish (such as salmon) around the world, even though Peruvians themselves don’t consume a lot of fish. Meanwhile, the U.S. is ranked third because of the type of fish we generally prefer — top-of-the-food-chain fish, such as tuna and salmon.
As Dr. Pauly told the Washington Post, “A pound of tuna represents roughly a hundred times the footprint of a pound of sardines.”
Anchovies and other small, or “forage” fish represent a third of the world’s total seafood catch, and would represent a “major reserve of seafood” if we stopped feeding it to our livestock, Pauly argues.
So what’s the next step in reducing our global SeafoodPrint? Dr. Pauly and Sala say that a global treaty with seafood-consumption targets would be a good start. Their next project will examine what goals such a treaty should include.
What about individual SeafoodPrints? How would yours stack up? | <urn:uuid:27d2e19c-1867-41fb-8d65-6352b69062fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://usa.oceana.org/blog/new-study-measures-nations-seafoodprint/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.945536 | 408 | 3.390625 | 3 |
If You're Under This Age, You're More Likely to Get the New COVID Strain
This could explain why the recently discovered variation of the virus might be more contagious.
A new strain of the coronavirus has been causing concern in the U.K., with experts noting it could potentially be making the virus 70 percent more contagious than previous strains. Medical experts and health officials are now trying to weigh all of the possible implications of the new strain, and while most are confident that it shouldn't lower the effectiveness of the vaccine or increase mortality rates, there may be some notable differences, including the age range of who is affected. The latest data in the U.K. suggests that the new COVID strain might be particularly contagious among children under the age of 15. Read on to see what experts think this means in terms of the future of the pandemic, and for more on signs that you might be sick, check out This Is How to Tell If Your Upset Stomach Is COVID, Doctors Say.
During a press conference on Dec. 21, scientists advising the British government announced that there were significant differences between the previous strain of the virus and the new variant that is currently responsible for 60 percent of cases in London and the southeastern region of England. "There is a hint that it has a higher propensity to infect children," Neil Ferguson, PhD, infectious disease epidemiologist at Imperial College London and member of the New and Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats Advisory Group (NERVTAG), told reporters.
Ferguson explained that reported case data had shown an overall shift in age demographics during the lockdown that took place in England over the beginning of December—a time when schools were notably kept open. Figures showed that while adults were observing stay-at-home orders, children who were still exposed to others their own age in classrooms saw a spike in cases, which suggests that the virus may have adapted to spreading amongst younger hosts, The Independent reports.
"We haven't established any sort of causality on that, but we can see it in the data," Ferguson explained. "We will need to gather more data to see how it behaves going forward. But what we've seen over the course of a five- or six-week period is consistently the proportion of pillar two cases for the variant in under-15s was statistically significantly higher than the non-variant virus."
Discovery of the likely highly contagious nature of the new strain has led British officials to order restrictions on holiday celebrations, as well as other countries imposing travel bans on visitors from the U.K. But while there's still more research to be done, scientists already have some theories as to what the newest version of the novel coronavirus might hold. Read on to see what this could mean for the next phase of the pandemic, and for more on the latest with the new strain, check out A White House Official Just Gave This Warning About the New COVID Mutation.
Read the original article on Best Life.
It's likely to be more contagious.
During a government press conference on Dec. 19, U.K. Prime Minister Boris Johnson said that "although there's considerable uncertainty, it may be up to 70 percent more transmissible than the old variant, the original version of the disease. This is early data and it's subject to review."
But while some initial reports pointed to the fact that computer models had established this figure, scientists soon added their support to the theory. "We now have high confidence that this variant does have a transmission advantage over other virus variants that are currently in the U.K.," Peter Horby, PhD, professor of emerging infectious diseases at Oxford University and chair of NERVTAG, said during the Dec. 21 press briefing. And for more on how COVID is spreading lately, check out Almost All COVID Transmission Is Happening in These 5 Places, Doctor Says.
It's likely not any deadlier.
While the strain may spread more easily, England's Chief Medical Officer Chris Whitty had some positive news during the government press conference, saying that at the present time "there is no current evidence to suggest the new strain causes a higher mortality rate… although urgent work is underway to confirm this."
During a Dec. 20 appearance on Face the Nation, former FDA commissioner Scott Gottlieb, MD, confirmed that the new strain "is probably not more lethal." Gottlieb explained the new COVID strain "doesn't seem to be any more virulent, any more dangerous than run-of-the-mill COVID," although he also admitted there's still more research to be done. And for more COVID symptoms that could be easily ignored, be aware of How to Tell If Your Back Pain Is COVID, Doctors Say.
It shouldn't affect the efficacy of the vaccine.
Despite subtle changes to the genetic makeup of the novel coronavirus, Britain's Chief Scientific Adviser Patrick Vallance stressed at the press conference that the currently available vaccines are still effective against this new variant.
U.S. Surgeon General Jerome Adams, MD, said on Face the Nation on Sunday that he has the same confidence. "Right now, we have no indications that it is going to hurt our ability to continue vaccinating people," he said. And for more on the vaccine, check out If You Did This in 2020, You Can Get Your COVID Vaccine Sooner.
The virus will continue to mutate.
Even though the news of a new more contagious strain of the novel coronavirus comes as a shock to many, experts are quick to point out that mutations are common for all viruses. "I don't think there should be any reason for alarm right now," Admiral Brett Giroir, MD, the White House COVID-19 testing czar, said on ABC News' The Week on Dec. 20. "We continue to watch. … But again, viruses mutate, over 4,000 mutations that we've seen so far in this virus, and it's still acting essentially like COVID-19." And for more regular COVID updates delivered right to your inbox, sign up for our daily newsletter.
It's already abroad.
Despite early efforts to contain the new strain, it might be too late to keep it from spreading outside of the U.K. "We think it may be in other countries as well," Vallance told reporters on Dec. 19. According to the World Health Organization, the new strain has also made its way to Australia, Denmark, and the Netherlands, and Italy has reported instances, too. And for more symptoms to be aware of as the virus spreads, check out If Your Symptoms Appear in This Order, You May Have Severe COVID. | <urn:uuid:7ca88968-bb35-4cc8-af3b-629ec5bd8ce3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bestlifeonline.com/covid-strain-children/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965594 | 1,386 | 3.09375 | 3 |
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The logical form of the argument tries to show a logical impossibility in the coexistence of God and evil, while the evidential form tries to show that given Ielts Academic Essays With Answers the evil in the world, it is improbable that there is an omnipotent, omniscient, and wholly good God. | <urn:uuid:b822659c-1351-415b-8b99-237befd874c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://kg-weide.de/ielts-academic-essays-with-answers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.893339 | 509 | 1.726563 | 2 |
British Middle East Commandos Death's Head Knife
- Product Code: EWSK-1409-SOLD
- Availability: Out Of Stock
This is a wonderful example of a very rare World War II British commando fighting knife. These very scarce knuckle knives are known as “Death’s Head” due to the glaring visage that can be seen in the design of the brass knuckle hilt. Until recently little has been known about these knives, other than they were used by the 50th, 51st and 52nd British Commando units in the Middle East during the early days of the Second World War, and were probably procured and produced in Egypt. British GHQ, Middle East Land Forces, formed these three commando units between July and November of 1940. As was normal in the British military, the men who formed these commando units were British volunteers from other British army units. Some of which has also served as volunteers during the Spanish Civil War, fighting fascist forces in Spain. According to research published by Ron Flook in British And Commonwealth Military Knives, the design of the knife was inspired by a knife in the Cairo Police Museum that was referred to as the “fanny”, although is not clear where the nickname originated. The knives were produced locally in Egypt by at least a handful of cutlers, and minor variations are observed in the extant examples. The majority of the knives have a single edged blade that is reversed in the hilt with the edge “up” when it is held properly in the users hand, instead of the traditional downward facing orientation. This allowed the user to slit the throat of an enemy from behind without changing the grip on his knife. The blade was mated with a cast brass hilt that formed a wicked set of brass knuckles, which also resembled a maniacal face, resulting in the “Death’s Head” nickname. Most examples have blades that are approximately 6” in length and have an overall length of around 11 “. Some knives were manufactured with repurposed bayonet blades, often from British Pattern 1907 bayonets. Some extant examples have a four-digit serial number stamped on the brass hilt near the blade juncture and a couple of known examples also bear an inspection mark. The unique design of the wicked looking knife was so identifiable and inspiring to the men who carried them, that the British Commando forces who were issued the knives chose to adopt a miniature version of the knife as their unit designation pin and wore it on their bush hats with pride. The Middle East Commando forces 50 and 52 were rather short lived, and in February of 1942 they were combined to make the backbone of a new, larger special operations group called “Layforce” for their commander Colonel Robert Laycock. However, the 51st commandos remained in tact as an autonomous force during this period. The units participated in most of the British Middle East campaigns during the first half of 1941, including the Raid on Bardia, the Syria-Lebanon campaign, the Twin Pimples raid and the siege of Tobruk. In August of 1941 both Layforce and the 51st Commandos were disbanded. Some members went on to establish Mission 204, a unit that supported and trained Chinese “Surprise Troops’ who were Nationalist Chinese guerillas fighting the Japanese in their own country. Other former Middle East commandos saw service in similar roles in Burma, as well as teaching at the Bush Warfare School in that country. Many more returned to the original regiments that they had volunteered from, or went on to service in other British command units. No doubt many of these former Middle East Commandos carried their “Death’s Head” knuckle knives with them to their new units, resulting in the knives seeing use around the globe.
This particular British Middle East Commando “Death’s Head” Knife is in FINE condition and is complete with its rather scarce, original scabbard. The knife is a unique fighting weapon that is both a standard-issue fighting knife, and by definition a “theater knife”, as it was produced in the theater of operations. The knife has the typical thin, wicked 6” long, with a reversed edge, mated with the readily identifiable “Death’s Head” brass knuckle hilt. The entire hilt is about 5 ““ long (from the butt end to the blade joint), and the brass knuckle grip measures about 4 ““ x 2 “. The blade shows some patches of very light pinpricking and oxidized age discoloration near the tip, and running back irregularly along the spine and edge of the knife. It might be possible to clean and reduce the age discoloration, but I will leave that to the new owner. The balance of the blade is bright and shiny and has probably been lightly cleaned. There is no pitting present on the blade. The brass knuckle hilt and guard has a bright golden patina with a mustard undertone. The hilt has been cleaned as well at some point in time, and is just starting to tone down. The reverse of the hilt is serial numbered 6077 in individual die stamps. The “6” and the “0” are little light and also look to have been re-stamped over the original numbers (also “6” and “0”), and it looks like the original numbers were stamped too close to the edge, preventing the entire 4-digit number from being stamped. The brass knuckles have a lovely smooth appearance over the portions of the hilt that were regularly handled and saw wear, but retain crude file marks in the nooks and crannies of the grip. There is brass flowing onto the ricasso of the blade at the blade junction, which is typical of genuine examples of these knives showing that the blade was cast into the hilt. The knife is accompanied by its original leather scabbard, which is in FINE condition as well. The scabbard is marked with the same serial number, 6077, stamped on the face of the belt frog, above the throat, with the same individual dies as used to mark the knife. The scabbard retains much of its original leather finish, with only the expected loss from service and use. This is primarily due to scattered scuffs, scrapes and some moderate crazing. The scabbard remains solid throughout with tight original stitching. The original belt loop is in place on the rear of the scabbard frog, and will accept a 4” belt. The original leather retaining strap is in place on the scabbard, as is the original brass closure button. The strap shows significant surface crazing and use, and the middle of the strap is worn and starting to weaken. It should be handled carefully in order to keep it from breaking eventually. Otherwise, the scabbard has no real condition issues and matches the knife wonderfully. There is a word or name lightly scratched into the rear of the scabbard that appears to say BOISAI, but I can’t quite make it out.
Overall this is a really great example of a very scarce and desirable British fighting knife from World War II. As scarce as these knives are, an example accompanied by its original scabbard with matching serial number is even more difficult to obtain. The “Death’s Head” brass hilt is very striking and makes the knife look particularly wicked and imposing. This will be a wonderful addition to any advanced fighting knife collection, especially a collection of knuckle knives. The dramatic appearance will make it a wonderful centerpiece in your collection and you will be very proud to display it.SOLD | <urn:uuid:2121593e-f0b0-4220-adaa-5780b0c7ece0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://collegehillarsenal.com/british-middle-east-commandos-deaths-head-knife?tag=British | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.977796 | 1,607 | 2.375 | 2 |
In healthcare, information security is a key aspect of protecting a patient's privacy and ensuring systems availability to support patient care. Security managers need to measure the performance of security systems and this can be achieved by using evidence-based metrics. In this paper, we describe the development of an evidence-based security metrics scorecard specific to healthcare organizations. Study participants were asked to comment on the usability and usefulness of a prototype of a security metrics scorecard that was developed based on current research in the area of general security metrics. Study findings revealed that scorecards need to be customized for the healthcare setting in order for the security information to be useful and usable in healthcare organizations. The study findings resulted in the development of a security metrics scorecard that matches the healthcare security experts' information requirements.
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Invest time in unpaid advertising strategies to boost your corporation. Software program builders usually have a bachelor’s diploma, typically in pc science, software program engineering, or a related subject. Pc science degree applications are the commonest, as a result of they have an inclination to cowl a broad range of subjects. Students should give attention to lessons related to building software to better prepare themselves for work in the occupation. Many college students achieve expertise in software growth by finishing an internship at a software firm whereas in college. For some positions, employers might want that applicants have a grasp’s diploma.
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Komputer pribadi atau private pc (COMPUTER) adalah istilah untuk komputer yang banyak diketahui orang pada umumnya sehingga banyak orang yang tak akrab dengan bentuk komputer selain komputer pribadi. Hanya orang-orang tertentu saja yang memakai istilah ini secara eksklusif untuk menunjukkan istilah yang lebih spesifik dan tepat. On this stage, you will need to analyze the weight of every web page. You must delete all irrelevant URLs and optimize the construction of inner hyperlinks.
Success in organic marketing includes funding in greater quality on-web page content, higher web site architecture, improved usability, clever conversion to optimisation balance, and ‘respectable’ internet advertising strategies. Many site house owners new to SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION make the error of focusing their efforts on key phrases with extremely excessive search volume.
British countess and mathematician Ada Lovelace is usually considered to be the first laptop programmer, as she was the first to publish a part of a program (specifically an algorithm ) intended for implementation on Charles Babbage ‘s analytical engine , in October 1842. The algorithm was used to calculate Bernoulli numbers 1 As a result of Babbage’s machine was never completed as a functioning customary in Lovelace’s time, she by no means had the opportunity to see the algorithm in action. | <urn:uuid:8399a9c9-552a-4759-a199-fbe363923ef8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://insolvency8hlca.co.uk/search-engine-marketing-providers-meaning.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.841703 | 700 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Feds to Slash Northeast Fishery Observer Levels by Almost Half
Press Release Date: April 29, 2016
WASHINGTON – Today, the National Marine Fisheries Service approved a measure to cut monitoring levels in the New England groundfish fishery, which includes the iconic and historically overexploited Atlantic cod. Starting on May 1, observer coverage levels will drop by almost half, to only 14 percent of fishing trips. Atlantic cod has been heavily overfished in recent years, leading to its numbers crashing and reduced catch rates. Cod populations in the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank are now between 4-6 and 1 percent of their original abundances, respectively.
In an effort to bring back cod and help recover struggling fish populations, five years ago, the fishery transitioned to a new management program that divided itself into “catch sectors.” In return for permission to catch portions of the overall quota every year, the fishing industry agreed to pay for its own monitoring costs. Yet until last year, the federal government funded the at-sea monitoring of the fishery, despite that bargain. The groundfish fishery is now expected to fund the program itself, but due to cost concerns from the industry, the New England Fishery Management Council approved an action last year to cut monitoring levels, which led to the rule approved today.
Following the announcement, Oceana fisheries campaign manager Gib Brogan released the following statement:
“New England fishermen have been struggling for decades due to poor management and overfishing. It is unbelievable that the federal government thinks the solution to this problem is gutting oversight measures that ensure fishermen do not catch too many fish to allow the populations to actually rebuild.This decision is akin to pouring gasoline onto a burning house.
For years, NMFS has continued to set dangerously low monitoring levels, which are contributing to the collapse of this historic fishery. Observers are crucial for obtaining accurate estimates on how many fish are being taken out of the ocean and helping to make sure fishing stays within scientifically based limits. Evidence shows that when observers are onboard, fishing behavior changes. Considering the critical state of many stocks in this fishery, like Atlantic cod, which is one of the most overexploited and depleted in the country, it’s imperative that every fish is counted and accounted for.
Today’s decision weakens the already too grim chances of recovery for New England fishermen. By approving this measure, NMFS has shown careless disregard in its role as steward of this fishery. It is crucial that we put more eyes on the ocean—not less”
Oceana is the largest international advocacy organization focused solely on ocean conservation. We run science-based campaigns and seek to win policy victories that can restore ocean biodiversity and ensure that the oceans are abundant and can feed hundreds of millions of people. Oceana victories have already helped to create policies that could increase fish populations in its countries by as much as 40 percent and that have protected more than 1 million square miles of ocean. We have campaign offices in the countries that control close to 40 percent of the world’s wild fish catch, including in North, South and Central America, Asia, and Europe. To learn more, please visit www.oceana.org. | <urn:uuid:325d2dc7-a835-48a0-9fe6-caac13cfe2af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://usa.oceana.org/press-releases/feds-slash-northeast-fishery-observer-levels-almost-half/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952797 | 678 | 2.078125 | 2 |
2016 Update: This bridge was technically replaced with a new bridge, but the trusses were placed on this replacement bridge as a non-structural decoration. The trusses continue to support themselves, and side from loss of floorbeams, the complete truss including bottom chord and overhead bracing remain intact.
Above: Photo by Arthur Sidner showing bridge after 2016 project. Note steel beam under the bridge.
This bridge is a rare example of a pin-connected Camelback truss. The truss is shaped in such as way that it strongly has a "Camelback" shape to it, since five panels of the bridge are devoted to a horizontal top chord, giving it a somewhat unusual appearance. Also unusual is that the depth of the portal bracing is less than the depth of the sway bracing. Aside from repairs to a vertical member and an end post, the bridge trusses have excellent historic integrity with no noteworthy alterations.
This bridge has repeatedly been threatened with demolition. The first time was when the HAER documentation was completed in 1993 following flood damage to the abutments. The HAER documentation states that the bridge was slated for demolition. This obviously never happened, since the bridge remains standing today. More recently, the bridge was closed to traffic and again threatened with demolition. The Dodd Ford Bridge Preservation Society was formed to advocate for the preservation of the bridge. They produced a YouTube videos, featuring an "Our Story" production about the bridge. The fight to save this bridge from demolition is ongoing. The story of the bridge's most recent fight for continued existence can be traced back to ca. 2007/2008 when a Section 106 Review was conducted in response to a federal grant that the county was seeking to replace the bridge. Section 106 requires consideration of feasible and prudent alternatives to demolition. The outcome of Section 106 was that in fact that replacement was avoidable and that rehabilitation was both feasible and prudent. The bridge was described as an excellent candidate for rehabilitation. This meant that if the county wanted federal help for this bridge, the county would have to agree to rehabilitate the bridge. The federal funds could not be used to replace the bridge. The county, for whatever reason, really didn't like that idea. So great was the county's dislike that the county did something that is almost unheard of: they turned down the federal money by withdrawing its application for funding. Following this somewhat unusual action by the county, the Amboy community sought other means of preservation, and applied for Minnesota Legacy Funds to supplement costs for rehabilitating the bridge for use as part of a recreational trail. They were given $100,000 to conduct an engineering assessment for that purpose. The county has now proposed the possibility of rehabilitating the bridge for low volume traffic by adding steel stringers underneath the bridge to carry the load of traffic. The county has proposed to do this using state funds and new funding from the Minnesota Legacy funds.
HistoricBridges.org's field visit revealed that despite a lack of paint, the bridge trusses are overall in outstanding condition. Even the bottom chord connections, which often are areas with substantial section loss and/or pack rust, have nearly no section loss at all. It is not clear why the bridge was even closed to traffic. If there is a severe problem with the truss, it is likely isolated in nature and easy to correct. The only thing questionable is some unusual repairs made in 1984 when metal cases were built around a damaged end post and vertical member. This repair differs from other more common repair methods, such as splicing a new member section in place, or welding plate to damaged members. These cases look like they might not provide substantial strengthening and may trap moisture and lead to deterioration.
This bridge is tagged with the following special condition(s): Trusses Converted To Decorative and Unorganized Photos
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© Copyright 2003-2022, HistoricBridges.org. All Rights Reserved. Disclaimer: HistoricBridges.org is a volunteer group of private citizens. HistoricBridges.org is NOT a government agency, does not represent or work with any governmental agencies, nor is it in any way associated with any government agency or any non-profit organization. While we strive for accuracy in our factual content, HistoricBridges.org offers no guarantee of accuracy. Information is provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. Information could include technical inaccuracies or errors of omission. Opinions and commentary are the opinions of the respective HistoricBridges.org member who made them and do not necessarily represent the views of anyone else, including any outside photographers whose images may appear on the page in which the commentary appears. HistoricBridges.org does not bear any responsibility for any consequences resulting from the use of this or any other HistoricBridges.org information. Owners and users of bridges have the responsibility of correctly following all applicable laws, rules, and regulations, regardless of any HistoricBridges.org information. | <urn:uuid:5c0bd7d1-83f0-4605-9135-31bdf47cbec9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://historicbridges.org/bridges/browser/?bridgebrowser=minnesota/doddford/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.963408 | 1,040 | 2.140625 | 2 |
The Luang Prabang Film Festival takes place this weekend in Laos from December 7th to 11th.
This annual event is certain to once again attract hundreds to the UN World Heritage City as part of a growing new tradition for the country. The Luang Prabang Film Festival only shows “films from Southeast Asia (Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam), and from across all genres.” Currently, they are focusing on feature films from these countries, but they also include presentations of short films from Laos and other parts of the region.
In the past it has premiered films like Mattie Do’s acclaimed Chanthaly, which has since gone on to presentation at international film festivals around the world, with many enthusiastically hoping for wider theatrical distribution in the near future.
The festival is a charitable cultural organization committed to the celebration of Southeast Asian film and to the growth and support of local and regional film industries and filmmakers. To that end, they’ve strived to develop activities throughout the year. Ultimately they hope to create a forum where filmmakers share ideas, trends, and techniques reflecting different national perspectives. Great films start with great ideas, so the organizers work with the community to make exposure to those ideas possible.
The Luang Prabang Film Festival also envisions a sustainable industry that can create real jobs for filmmakers both in front of and behind the camera, before, during, and after the filming. This is enabled by building connections that support a regional film industry, and one that’s inclusive. They want to ensure that all perspectives can be represented in the festival and in Southeast Asian cinema as a whole. With over 160 different ethnicities and stakeholders in the borders of Laos alone, that’s a daunting goal, but there would be so many benefits to empower and enable those perspectives.
Among the key feature-length Lao entries this year are Red Scarf, I Love Savanh, and Hak Aum Lum, each reflecting different aspects of the Lao experience and giving some insight into what has the attention of Lao film-makers presently.
In Hak Aum Lum, “Sack, a pop singer, returns to his birthplace once again after having left to pursue his dream. In doing so, he also left many people behind, especially Sopha, his long-time lover. Sack’s return to his tranquil and charming village brings back many fond memories and makes him realize how happy he is now. However, troubles follow as the result of Sack leaving the music company without permission. How is Sack going to solve all the problems with his music company and lover so everyone will trust and love each other again?”
In I Love Savanh, “A young Japanese man on a company mission to Savannakhet learns about the language and culture of a “less developed” country than his own. At first, he thinks that he cannot stay for long, but receives a warm welcome by the staff of the local company and through their hospitality, he soon begins to appreciate the rich local culture of cotton weaving and dying. Before the end of his visit, he meets and falls in love with a Lao woman, and his relatives later visit Laos to attend their wedding. He unexpectedly begins a new life through his visit to Laos.” The Red Scarf “tells the story of a young girl on the verge of poverty who meets a boy who is too good to be true.”
Among the shorts scheduled are Stitching our Stories and Our Lives on Film. The organizers are really building a wonderful tradition. One day, it would be nice if they can expand to include examples of films from other Lao communities abroad. Hopefully it won’t be long before Lao audiences elsewhere can see these films theatrically. There’s a clear benefit to different communities organizing their own film festivals to help the Lao and other Southeast Asian film-makers build audiences for their work, events where the artists have a guaranteed international space for exhibition and constructive exchange.
Years from now, it would be amazing if the festival organizers can build enough infrastructure to make Luang Prabang eligible for the prestigious UNESCO Creative Cities Network as a City of Film. Time will tell. | <urn:uuid:76cf69dd-ad8f-426c-b69f-4a93a3680e10> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://littlelaosontheprairie.org/2013/12/05/luang-prabang-film-festival-brings-lao-voices-forward/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.959923 | 885 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Reflection Paper Outline Before starting to write a reflection, you need to choose one of two available approaches, which are original and traditional:Begin with a conversation on a particular issue, and hint at the ending. You can lead the readers but still keep some room for doubts. In this case, an analysis should be provided in the main body.
People also ask
What is a reflection paper?
A reflection paper is a type of paper that requires you to write your opinion on a topic, supporting it with your observations and personal examples.
How do you write a reflection in an essay?
Sample Outline for Reflection Paper. … To write a reflection paper, start with an introduction where you state any expectations you had for the reading, lesson, or experience you’re reflecting on. At the end of your intro, include a thesis statement that explains how your views have changed.
How long should a college reflection paper be?
College reflection papers (also known as reflection essays) can typically range between about 400-800 words in length. Here鈥檚 how we can suggest you format your reflection paper:
Do you need a cover sheet for a reflection paper?
A cover sheet and title page are only required for a reflection paper if you were explicitly told to include them. Otherwise, they are not necessary. Thanks! How do I write a reflection letter on dolphins? Think of your answers to the following questions: Do you like dolphins? How have dolphins changed your life? | <urn:uuid:9641b94d-0a0b-4ad4-a1a3-a64466ae8afc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.nugorise.top/how-to-reflect-on-a-paper-4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.939241 | 310 | 2.875 | 3 |
A wire-haired dachshund’s top spot at the UK’s biggest dog show yesterday (8 March) has prompted vets to raise concerns that many prospective owners may be inspired to get a dachshund without realising that this breed can suffer from serious health problems. The British Veterinary Association (BVA) is urging anyone thinking about bringing home this increasingly popular breed to be aware of the spinal issues that dogs bred to have a long and low body type can suffer from, and to speak to their vet for tailored advice.
This year’s Crufts winner, Maisie, featured alongside a Best in Show line-up that also included a Miniature Smooth Haired dachshund and a Basset Hound, which is another breed bred to have a long, low body and short, stubby legs.
Their extreme body shape makes all six varieties of dachshunds– Standard Long-, Smooth-, and Wire-haired, and their miniature versions– at risk of serious spinal and neurological issues which usually require surgery to fix. These problems may not be immediately obvious, but often cause them life-long discomfort and may need costly treatment.
Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) tops the list of common health issues, which is a condition which causes the dog to be unable to walk and can seriously compromise the dog’s quality of life. Research shows that the risk of IVDD in dachshunds is 10-12 times higher than other dog breeds, with at least one-fifth of all dachshunds showing clinical signs in their life. The median age of onset of disease is between 5-7 years, with the Standard and Miniature Smooth Haired and the Miniature Wire Haired having the highest prevalence of this disease.
These health issues are a specific concern as recent figures show dachshunds may be on their way to pip their flat-faced cousins to the top spot as the UK’s most fashionable breed, helped along by their Instagram, advertising, and celebrity appeal among the likes of Adele and Declan Donnelly. Their Miniature cousins lead this demand, with registrations for the Miniature Smooth Haired dachshund showing an almost 200% jump in the past decade. This rise comes at a time when breed registrations for flat-faced dogs such as Pugs and French Bulldogs have fallen for the first time in ten years following sustained campaigns by veterinary and animal welfare organisations to raise awareness about their health issues.
While these are official figures, a 2018 BVA survey of vets also showed that the high demand for these tiny dogs has also made them among the list of top breeds that vets suspect of being illegally imported into the country.
BVA President Daniella Dos Santos said:
“We’re concerned that seeing a dachshund crowned top dog at Crufts could lead to a further rise in their popularity and related increase in the health issues that can unfortunately affect these and other long and low breeds. Vets of course love and care for all dogs, but success in the show ring may lead to a further boom in demand outside of it from owners who may not be aware of these health issues and the extra care and treatment they may require as a result.
“The message from vets is loud and clear- always pick health over looks or Insta-appeal. Before adding a dog to their family, we encourage anyone thinking of getting one to seek information and advice from their local vet on the right breed for them. If you are buying a dog, using the free online Puppy Contract will ensure you get a happy, healthy and well-socialised puppy from a responsible breeder.”
BVA’s policy on extreme conformation can be viewed at: https://www.bva.co.uk/take-action/our-policies/extreme-conformation/
The UK Kennel Club considers all 6 dachshund breeds to be Category 2 under their Breed Watch scheme – ie they all have “points of concern”. You can read more about what the Kennel Club does to support breed health here.
The Dachshund Breed Council also has a dedicated breed health website. | <urn:uuid:461060a0-9a1d-41ec-b7f5-3a8dc22a8691> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dogsinthenews.co.uk/?p=1281 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.951622 | 872 | 2.0625 | 2 |
For the record, I truly don't like putting together family nights. They are a lot of work and stress and we don't usually get a huge turn out. This year, I have a lead tutor that helps to plan these types of things. For our first AVID Family Night, we came up an idea for a theme:
Make a Few Extra Bucks
It was a brillant theme. It made the planning fun. If you are familiar with AVID, you know that it is about making college obtainable. And once you get to college, having a few extra dollars in your pocket is key.
We started with a light dinner of pizza and salad. Then I did a short introduction. After that we allowed the parents and students to attend two different sessions. We had 6 different sessions happening.
- Home Interior Painting
- Bead Making and Jewelry
- Reffing and Coaching in the Parks
- Pizza Crust Mixing
- Web Design and Blogging
- Photography Basics
We had dinner at 5:30. Session 1 was at 6:00. Session 2 was at 6:30. Everyone was gone by 7:10. It was perfect timing.
We had about 15 students and about 20 moms, dads, grandmas, and older siblings.
So what were the highlights?
- A grandma creating an email account and setting up a website.
- A student teaching her mom about web design.
- Every family taking home at least one pizza dough to cook.
- A student tossing pizza dough in the air.
- Students looking at a camera that we taken apart to see how it worked.
- An older brother rolling paper beads and making a bracelet.
- 3 students learning to prep, tape and paint a wall.
I'd do it again. Have you done any family nights? I need ideas for our next one in the spring. | <urn:uuid:571d389d-7e98-4192-8917-2739d6f4245d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.learnteachtech.com/2011/11/avid-family-night.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.972647 | 390 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Celebrate Five Decades of Art with G. Ray Kerciu on Saturday, August 12, from 6-9 pm in an Opening Reception in the space next to the former Tabu Grill in Laguna Beach. Admission is free. Enjoy viewing nationally recognized art work and talking with G. Ray about his latest work.
A venerated member of the community, G. Ray Kerciu has lived in Laguna Beach for more than 50 years. He is a past President of Laguna Art Museum. Surprisingly, this is his first solo exhibition in Laguna Beach although he has had solo exhibits in Southern California before.
Kerciu rose to prominence in the art world in 1963 after his controversial solo exhibition at the University of Mississippi where Kerciu was arrested, and charged with violating a state law prohibiting desecration of the Confederate flag. This ushered in a period of intense media attention, and Kerciu was featured in publications such as Artnews, Artforum, Time Magazine and World Book Encyclopedia.
The following year Kerciu accepted a teaching post at what is now known as California State University, Fullerton where he taught until his retirement in 2002. He was also featured as a guest artist in prestigious print houses, such as Tamarind in Los Angeles and the William Hayter Atelier in Paris.
More than a decade after his retirement from teaching and fifty years after his whirlwind introduction into the art world, Kerciu remains committed to his art. This exhibition features a sampling of his work from the 1960s to present.
Limited Parking: Uber/Trolley | <urn:uuid:66c65053-c551-418f-80b3-ae339ee82f1f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thebestoflagunabeach.com/nationally-renowned-artist-g-ray-kerciu-hosts-reception-aug-12th/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.980565 | 325 | 1.515625 | 2 |
So, you want to become a beekeeper
I’m excited to be speaking with Leonie Schwarzel, who is a fellow beekeeper with extensive experience (more than me).
I met Leonie when I joined the Gold Coast Amateur Beekeepers Society three years ago.
There is a lot beekeepers need to know, so I thought it would be useful to discuss the basics before starting a hive.
In this interview we speak about things to consider before you start beekeeping, including:
- deciding if beekeeping is right for you
- finding out the benefits of joining a bee club
- doing a beekeeper training course
- determining if your environment is suitable for European honey bees
- questioning why you want to be a beekeeper
- registering your hive with Department of Primary Industries (NSW Australia)
- reporting and logbook requirements to monitor and prevent pests.
Bio: Leonie Schwarzel
“Bees are like oxygen: ubiquitous, essential, and, for the most part, unseen. While we might overlook them, they lie at the heart of relationships that bind the human and natural worlds”.Thor Hanson
Growing up in rural areas between Sydney and the Blue Mountains, Leonie developed an avid interest in honeybees when a beekeeper would bring his hives to her parent’s orchards and horticultural properties during the flowering/pollination season each year.
At their large farm-shed stall, her family stocked and sold a wide variety of honeys, in addition to the fruit &and flowers they produced. That bees were vital in producing abundant fruit and rewarded us with honey, sealed Leonie’s lifelong gratitude, love and fascination for these industrious little insects.
Fast forward forty years; after a successful career teaching at schools and university, Leonie returned to her rural roots by settling on a small farm near Mt Warning in the beautiful Tweed Valley, northern New South Wales, Australia. She immediately established several honeybee hives and opened a farm-gate stall to sell the exquisite honey her bees produce in the rural & World Heritage listed Mt Warning environs.
Leonie is a committee member of the Gold Coast Amateur Beekeepers Society (GCABS). She trains and mentors new beekeepers and in addition to her own hives, she manages another small commercial apiary in the Tweed Valley region.
|Queensland Beekeepers Association||Email: firstname.lastname@example.org|
|NSW Apiarist Assn. Inc||Email: email@example.com|
|Victorian Apiarist’s Association||Phone: (03) 5446 1455|
|South Australian Apiarist Association||Email: firstname.lastname@example.org|
|Tasmanian Beekeepers Association||Email: email@example.com|
|Western Australia FFI Beekeepers||Email: firstname.lastname@example.org| | <urn:uuid:60247e44-53e7-4027-9393-1a8a73e6f2e4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beaminggreen.com/episode/episode-14-do-you-want-to-be-a-bee-keeper/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.90675 | 629 | 1.875 | 2 |
Supply Chain Management & Operation in retail sector is a report that briefs about the managing of the supply chain in the company in an organised way. Supply of the raw materials or any other resources is of utmost importance to any company that matters. This report briefs about the use of the supply chain and its operation. It is very important that the company runs in an organized way with great ease. This is one of the best project on Supply Chain Management & Operation in retail sector. You can download complete mini project reports on Supply Chain Management & Operation in retail sector here.
Table of Contents/Project Report Covered
- Introduction to topic
- Review of Literature
- Objective of the Research
- Research Methodology
- Data Analysis
The following are some of the facts of using this Supply Chain Management & report:
- This report can summarize the use of the supply chain and management easily without any issue.
- The complete project reports on Supply Chain Management & Operation in retail sector a complete overview.
- One can get the necessary details related to the supply chain without any problem through this application.
This is one such reports that the final year students can easily use. The easy managing of the organization rated to supply chain is easier. You can download reports on Supply Chain Management & Operation in retail sector easily.
|Project Name||: Supply Chain Management & Operation in Retail Sector|
|Project Category||: MBA OPERATIONS|
|Pages Available||: 55-65/pages|
|Project PPT cost||: Rs 500/ $10|
|Project Synopsis||: Rs 500/ $10|
|Project Cost||: Rs 1750/$ 30|
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To Download sample Project Report, Proposal, PPT, Synopsis for free Reach us on WhatsApp: +91 9481545735 | <urn:uuid:6a0622c3-50f3-4348-8ccd-94622adaa625> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mbareportsguru.com/supply-chain-management-operation-in-retail-sector/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.816704 | 505 | 2 | 2 |
Apple’s next mobile operating system – iOS 15, is going to bring a ton of new features to the platform that will change the way you use your iPhone. Not only do you get new and improved features inside FaceTime, Spotlight, Notifications, Weather, Safari, Find My, and Photos, the next version of iOS is also going to make your work easy with a new utility – the ability to save any document to PDF using just the Print function.
How to Print to PDF a document or webpage on iOS
With iOS 15, you no longer need to rely on an external app or create a new Shortcut action to be able to save a document directly in PDF format. You can now save any document, notes, photos, mail, or webpages in PDF format by using the Print function.
To print a document, file, webpage, image, mail, notes, or anything that you want to print, open it on any app you created or access it on and pull up the in-app menu to access additional options.
In most apps, the in-app menu will be accessible by tapping the 3-dots button, generally (but not limited to) at the top right corner. The Print option will be available on Safari from the 3-dots button in the bottom Tab Bar and on Mail using the Reply button.
In apps with no in-app menu, the Print option will be accessible via the Share Sheet that can be accessed by tapping the Share button, generally present at the bottom left corner.
When the in-app menu or Share sheet appears, scroll down and select the ‘Print’ option.
This will bring up the Print Options screen on iOS 15 with the item that you’re going to save previewed at the bottom.
To save the document or file as PDF, tap and hold on the Print button at the top right corner.
You should now see the file or document available as “PDF Document” with its file size mentioned adjacent to its name. You can now save this PDF document on your iPhone by tapping on ‘Save to Files’.
Next, select the location you want to save it to and then tap on ‘Save’ at the top right corner.
The newly created PDF document will now be saved to your preferred location on your iPhone.
Related: How To Copy iCloud Contacts to Gmail
What can you ‘Print to PDF’ on iOS?
The new ‘Print to PDF’ feature can be utilized wherever you can access the Print option inside iOS 15.
We have tested it on Notes, Safari, Mail, Photos, Files, Pages, Numbers, and more; meaning this should work on most apps developed by Apple.
The feature isn’t just limited to Apple-made apps as you can also use it on many third-party apps that have the Print function. We tested the feature on Google Chrome, Brave, Firefox, Google Sheets, Docs, Slides, and Google Photos; and we can confirm that it works flawlessly.
That’s all you need to know about printing any document to PDF on iOS 15.
- iOS 15: How To Drag and Drop Pictures, Files, Texts, Links, and More Between Apps
- How To Use New Spotlight Search on iPhone on iOS 15: 12 Killer Tips
- Not Receiving Weather Notifications on My iPhone? How to fix
- YouTube PIP Not Working on iPhone? How To Fix in 8 Ways
- Notification Summary Not Working on iPhone? How To Fix It | <urn:uuid:77550af1-479c-4fa6-93cc-2ebd5895bbb9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nerdschalk.com/ios-15-how-to-print-to-pdf-on-your-iphone-and-ipad/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.858525 | 741 | 1.515625 | 2 |
It truly is that simple, stability digicam placement is all about Area, Spot, Location. The satan is in the information and the details decide the place a camera should be positioned. As well typically a security camera is placed to include as considerably actual estate as achievable and that is the wrong approach. A CCTV or Surveillance System ought to be just that, a technique. Each camera should enjoy a essential part in the comprehensive technique, like a solitary instrument in an orchestra, alone they are wonderful, but as soon as merged they magnify every single other’s performance.
In my humble impression, the most essential digital camera in a complete CCTV technique is the gotcha digital camera. This safety digital camera ought to give you the identical impression as the culprits mug shot will when the police get his image, that is to say, tremendous near-up. Typically the best location for this camera is appropriate guiding the sign up. Of training course each and every store has one particular there but they normally try and include the whole front counter. Enormous prospect loss! The gotcha digicam should be at eye level appropriate in entrance of the consumer (in fact marginally to the facet so that the revenue clerk will not block the image). A would be robber would feel two times following staring into the eye of the digicam. This security digicam ought to be these kinds of a restricted shot that you only have a pair toes on each and every aspect of the cash sign up. It is the funds shot, the one particular that will put the robber into that mug shot I spoke of before.
If you happen to be carrying out a residence surveillance system then the gotcha camera would be at eye degree at the front door. Considering that 70% of all split-ins take place through a doorway, and most of them are by way of the front door, this is your income shot. Even if the burglar isn’t going to break-in at the front doorway he will almost often ring the doorway bell to see if any person is home. Once again, right after searching into the eye of the camera he’ll most likely go to another residence. One more excellent location for the gotcha protection digital camera is at a gate. Most burglars will use the least difficult strategy to get into the back lawn and if you have a fence, that would be the gate. Will not be tempted to get an graphic of the entire fence, you want just the gate, so you can get that sharp photo that will set him on the eleven:00 information. (10:00 Central time)
Not each and every security camera need to be the tremendous near-up. This is exactly where the idea of a comprehensive technique arrives in. Like in any motion picture you may require a digital camera to established the phase. That wide angle shot that sets the scene in every Television sitcom, that helps make you feel they actually live in that home. You can cover a great deal of floor with this camera, even although you would not be ready to recognize the person, that is the work of the gotcha camera. This surveillance digicam covers a huge location to try and capture the poor guy in the act. security camera wireless may be a parking great deal or a again lawn. By itself if would have small advantage, but as component of a program it performs a key part. you may not be capable to identify the intruder, but you may have the very best likelihood of catching him red handed. In a parking great deal it will give you an idea of the variety of auto he drives and what direction he was likely when he remaining the parking lot. In a shop you might see two criminals doing work collectively and see which camera they are strolling in entrance of.
The very last location is the security camera that fits in somewhere among the super shut-up, and the stage environment vast angle digicam. Its function is for high precedence spots. Perhaps the place you have expensive products or a trouble spot where you have had shop lifting troubles just before. It may be the very purpose you’ve got decided to get a CCTV system. In a residence it may well be in an location in which you hold valuables. You will want to protect as much actual estate as achievable although nevertheless being ready to identify the perpetrator. The key to this digicam spot is to not try out and include so much location that your can’t identify the particular person ripping you off.
That leads us to facial recognition. This priority digicam need to include facial recognition. That implies you must be in a position to discover the man or woman that is taking meals out of the mouths or your young children and thieving the Xmas presents of your Grandchildren from beneath your tree (the two figuratively and bodily). The FBI has come up with a rule of thumb of 10 heads. Look at the graphic on the monitor and envision stacking the heads on top of every single other like on a totem pole. If you only make it 50 percent way up your display by the time you rely ten heads, then the experience will be too tiny to get an identifiable picture. Everything considerably less then 10 is very good as lengthy as you equilibrium the true estate you want to include with the measurement of the experience.
To sum up an best surveillance or CCTV system, you will want at the very least 1 income shot digicam (your gotcha scum-bag camera), at the very least 1 stage environment digital camera (your broad shot digicam), and as several priority (higher threat area) security cameras as needed. This will depend on the dimension of the retailer and the goods you happen to be striving to cover.
1 last point I want to cover, is the check. Following placing with each other a killer method, never go and blow it by placing the monitor in an location exactly where clients can see it. A robber will be looking for blind places, if he are unable to locate any he’ll use a mask. You may have a digicam super limited for the gotcha shot, but all the shop lifter sees is a camera and he does not want to get picked up. If he thinks he is on digital camera he won’t try anything. Like a poker player, never present your hand till you need to have to.
Comply with these principles and you will have a total protection digicam system that will be a beneficial weapon to combat criminal offense, and it will pay out for by itself by slicing down on loss stock. (and that’s funds in your pocket!)
Wm R Thomas has been in the stability market for above a decade and has created security methods for properly over a thousand homes in Northeastern Pennsylvania. He is the President of 1st Option Safety Technologies who specialize in higher quality but cost-effective surveillance digital camera systems. 1st Decision specializes in putting in super large resolution cameras into houses and tiny companies where just a couple of several years back the value of these cameras made them unattainable for most property proprietors. Number of installers have the experience to plan a modem so that you can check out your cameras on-line. Other individuals cost added for this advantage, but 1st Selection Security will support you in this programming alternative. | <urn:uuid:e5cdada2-fa19-4516-bc68-bfb65a959d92> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.allstarmobi.com/the-successful-safety-camera-method-can-be-most-regarding-area-spot-location/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.960045 | 1,489 | 1.59375 | 2 |
The destruction of the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah is one of the most dramatic examples of divine punishment in the Bible.
Abraham Bargains with God
In Genesis 18, Abraham is sitting outside of his tent and is then visited by three angels appearing in human form (18:1-2). Abraham, as we learn previously in chapter 12 of Genesis, was selected by God to be the ancestor of a great nation, the inheritor of a land, and that through him all nations will be blessed. Abraham is therefore an important person in God’s story and the story of Sodom and Gomorrah in particular. One of the angels informs Abraham that he or God has come to investigate reports of sinful behavior in Sodom and Gomorrah,
“Then the Lord said, “The outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is so great and their sin so grievous that I will go down and see if what they have done is as bad as the outcry that has reached me. If not, I will know” (18:20-21).
If indeed their sin is so grievous God will destroy the cities. God and Abraham have a close relationship. Abraham bargains with God and God listens to him. Abraham is confident that the “judge of all the Earth” (18:25) will do what is right. Eventually, God agrees that he will not destroy the cities if he can find at least ten good people within them.
Lot and the Strangers
The story then moves to the city of Sodom, where Abraham’s nephew, Lot, invites two strangers (angels) to stay in his home rather than in the town square (19:3). Lot insists that they come to his house and he then prepares for them a meal. Later that night, however, the men of Sodom pay a visit,
“Before they had gone to bed, all the men from every part of the city of Sodom—both young and old—surrounded the house. They called to Lot, “Where are the men who came to you tonight? Bring them out to us so that we can have sex with them” (19:4-5).
Lot attempts to reason with the men and instead offers his two virgin daughters to them instead (19:8). But the men refuse the offer and attempt to break down the front door only to then have the angels strike the crowd with blindness,
“Then they struck the men who were at the door of the house, young and old, with blindness so that they could not find the door” (19:11).
The angels then warn Lot and his family that God is about to destroy the city for its sins: “The outcry to the Lord against its people is so great that he has sent us to destroy it” (19:12-14).
Lot takes their advice and despite some skepticism from his family flees with his wife, two daughters, and the angels. God then rains down fire and brimstone on the two cities: “Then the Lord rained down burning sulfur on Sodom and Gomorrah—from the Lord out of the heavens” (19:24). The angels warn not to look back but Lot’s wife glances behind her and is turned to a pillar of salt (19:26). The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah is wholesale as the following day Abraham examines the land of the plain and sees nothing but “dense smoke rising from the land, like smoke from a furnace” (19:28).
What was this Sin?
The sins of Sodom and Gomorrah have traditionally been viewed as homosexuality (1). It is also from the word Sodom that the word “sodomy” is derived.
Other biblical passages about the sins of these cities speak about the abandonment of justice and neglect of the poor (see Isaiah 3:8-15; Ezekiel 16:48-50) and some scholars have argued that the sins were not homosexuality but “the inhospitable treatment of resident aliens and sojourners at its worst, through the sexual humiliation of rape, linked with the wickedness of idolatry” (2).
The story teaches that God is prepared to be bargained with and reward the righteous and save the penitent. God is wrathful against sin but exercises mercy if he so wishes. Christians, particularly conservative groups, sometimes view phenomena in the modern world as evidence of evils warranting God’s wrath. Things like drugs, homosexual practice, extra-marital sex, and pornography might be compared to Sodom and Gomorrah.
The Historicity of Sodom and Gomorrah
For readers interested in objective history there might be the question as to whether or these two cities existed and were destroyed in the way described in the Genesis account.
Indeed, this question has interested scholars and archaeologists, and various theories have been proposed attempting to account for their destruction. Some of these include the likes of earthquakes or the plume of a meteor. One theory is that the cities were wrecked by an earthquake between 2100 and 1900 BCE, which could have unleashed showers of steaming tar (3). Pressure from two large plates of Earth could have forced magma or bitumen into the air which may have been ignited by lightning or some other natural source that led to flaming debris fell back to earth (4).
Others have posited the destruction being caused by the plume of a meteor that crashed in the Alps, which is thought to be supported by a cuneiform tablet called the Planisphere. This tablet is thought to provide evidence of the sky around the time of the supposed disaster and shows a moving object that could be seen from Earth (5). On this theory, ground heating caused by the meteor’s airburst would have been enough to ignite any flammable material.
Archaeological excavation has found several locations close to the Dead Sea, such as Bab edh-Dhra, Numeira, al-Safi, Feifa, and Khanazir, to have evidence of burning and traces of sulphur matching biblical descriptions of destruction (6). Archaeologists R. T. Schaub and W. E. Rast excavated the site of Bab edh-Dhra and concluded that “rubble remains of buildings are seen on the surface, and many door sockets and basalt mortars are strewn about. Of note, too, is the evidence of severe burning on many of the stones” (7).
Regarding their findings at Numeira and Feifa, “The site as a whole is covered with ashy soil, suggesting that it was not utilized after the destruction which appears so evident on the surface. On the north side especially, the soil is spongy ash, and can be picked up in handfuls” (8). Feifa and Numeira are covered with a spongy ash suggesting clear signs of destruction that seem consistent with the destruction of the “Cities of the Plain” mentioned in Genesis 19. Schaub and Rast suggest as much,
“Implications from the survey for two related areas of investigation may also be noted. In the first place, the sites may bear on the biblical tradition of the “cities of the plain” (Gen. 14, 18, 19), long believed to be located in this area and sometimes thought to have been submerged beneath the shallow water of the southern basin of the Dead Sea” (9).
This has led some to suggest that the biblical tradition contains a distant recollection of an actual catastrophe (10) and that the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were located in the southern Ghor, although it is speculative to say which site is actually Sodom or Gomorrah (11). A further possible candidate for the original city of Sodom could be at the Tall el Hammam dig site, also close to the Dead Sea. It seems to match biblical descriptions of the lands of Sodom. According to excavations, evidence of glazed artifacts such as pottery and rocks as well as destruction have been found (12).
1. Fields, Weston. 1992. “The Motif ‘Night as Danger’ Associated with Three Biblical Destruction Narratives.” In Sha’arei Talrnon: Studies in the Bible, Qumran, and the Ancient Near East Presented to Shemaryahu Talmon, edited by Michael Fishbane and Emanuel Tov. Winona Lake: Eisen brauns. p. 28.
2. Joan Toensing, Holly. 2005. “Women of Sodom and Gomorrah: Collateral Damage in the War against Homosexuality?” Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion 21(2):61-74. p. 62.
3. Isbouts, Jean-Pierre. 2007. The Biblical World: An Illustrated Atlas. National Geographic. p. 71.
4. Neev, David., and Emery, K. O. 1995. The Destruction of Sodom, Gomorrah, and Jericho: Geological, Climatological, and Archaeological Background. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 13-14.
5. Atkinson, Nancy. 2008. Evidence of Asteroid Impact For Sodom and Gomorrah? Available.
6. Reznick, Leibel. 2008. Biblical Archaeology: Sodom and Gomorrah. Available; van Hattem, Willem C. 1981. “Once Again: Sodom and Gomorrah.” The Biblical Archaeologist 44(2):87-92. p. 88-89.
7. Rast, W. E., and Schaub, R. T. 1974. “Survey of the Southeastern Plain of the Dead Sea, 1973.” Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 19:5-53. p. 8.
8. Rast, W. E., and Schaub, R. T. 1974. Ibid. p. 9.
9. Rast, W. E., and Schaub, R. T. 1974. Ibid. p. 19.
10. von Rad, Gerhard. 1961. Genesis: a commentary. London: Westminster Press. p. 215
11. van Hattem, Willem C. 1981. Ibid, p. 90
12. Collins, Steven., and Scott, Latayne. 2013. Discovering the City of Sodom: The Fascinating, True Account of the Discovery of the Old Testament’s Most Infamous City. New York: Simon and Schuster; Collins, S., Hamdan, K., and Byers, G. 2009. “Tall al-Hammam: Preliminary Report on Four Seasons of Excavation (2006-2009).” Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 53:385-414. | <urn:uuid:11b7c8db-0cb8-452f-8b79-30283d4d4443> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jamesbishopblog.com/2021/08/05/what-is-the-biblical-story-of-sodom-and-gomorrah/?replytocom=21233 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947913 | 2,278 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Migration, Europe, bias in research, health, education and housing
It’s remarkable how little research is available comparing the success of different countries’ immigration policies. This is partly because it is such a delicate topic, and partly because there are so many different criteria to judge what makes a successful policy. If the criterion is simply to keep people out, North Korea has the best policies.
Despite what some tabloid newspaper writers might think, it is generally good news if you live in a place where immigrants keep turning up. Affluent countries that have attracted high numbers of immigrants tend to be socially successful countries. The best countries for immigration are not only welcoming to immigrants but are also worth staying in, in that they have affordable housing and transport, good public education and healthcare, and jobs that are well paid.
read more here – a series of interviews given recently to the website “The Question”.
Or listen here to a talk about how living and working in the most economically unequal country in Europe may effect how we work and think, and then what we produce, as researchers working in the UK today: | <urn:uuid:227228c0-fad4-4a3b-a76c-23a0cfd87d14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ddev.worldmapper.org/migration-europe-bias-in-research-health-education-and-housing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.963893 | 228 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Other than humans, chimpanzees make use of the most diverse range of tools of all animals on the planet. They have been observed ‘fishing’ for ants and termites in tree stumps, using stones to crack open nuts and even playing with gourds as if they were balls.
Now, researchers at the Universities of Kent and St Andrews have observed another unusual behaviour in chimpanzees – digging for wells. What’s more, they believe the chimps were taught the behaviour from a female who joined the group from another community.
To make the discovery, the team observed the behaviour of a group of rainforest chimpanzees in the Waibira community of East African Chimpanzees in Uganda.
They first noticed a young female named Onyofi, who joined the group in 2015, digging wells with great skill shortly after her arrival. This suggests that she grew up in a well-digging community of chimps before leaving to join the Waibira group, the researchers say.
Onyofi’s actions initially attracted a lot of interest among the other members of the group. This included large, dominant males, who would patiently watch her dig and drink from the well before drinking from it themselves. Since then, several other female Waibira chimpanzees have been observed copying Onyofi’s behaviour and digging their own wells.
“Well digging is usually done to access water in very dry habitats – in chimpanzees, we only know about three savannah living groups who do so. What we’ve seen in Waibira is a bit different from those groups,” said lead researcher Hella Péter, a Biological Anthropology PhD student at Kent’s School of Anthropology and Conservation.
“First, they live in a rainforest, so most people assume getting water shouldn’t be a challenge – but it looks like the yearly few months of dry season is enough to cause some trouble for them.
“What’s also interesting is that the wells all appear next to open water, so the purpose of them is likely filtering, not reaching the water – the chimpanzees might get cleaner or differently flavoured water from a well, which is fascinating.”
Read more about primates: | <urn:uuid:fd25add2-c03b-49f7-90dc-2c06975f647a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://knt1.com/chimpanzees-observed-digging-wells-after-being-taught-how-by-an-immigrant-female/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.962056 | 458 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Update on 14 February: Two crew members made their first “Mars walk” on the 10-metre-long by 6-metre-wide simulated Martian surface at 1300 Moscow time. It lasted for one hour and 12 minutes. The next Mars walk will occur on 18 February.
YOU could say it’s the biggest “small step for mankind” ever made. Three people are poised to make the first mock landing on Mars.
In the most realistic simulation of a mission to the Red Planet yet, six “astronauts” have been isolated for eight months in a facility here on Earth. The experiment will ultimately last twice as long – 520 days in total – similar to the length of a real Mars mission. The hope is that the experience will hold useful lessons for a future journey to Mars.
The Mars500 experiment began on 3 June, when crew members were closed inside a mock spaceship at Russia’s Institute for Biomedical Problems in Moscow, which is leading the project (see diagram). Three of the crew are Russian, one is Italian, one French and one Chinese. All six are men, though women were not deliberately excluded, says Jennifer Ngo-Anh, the European Space Agency’s Mars500 project manager. “It just so happened that we didn’t find suitable female candidates,” she says.
The mission is approaching its biggest milestone: the landing itself. The “spacecraft” entered orbit around Mars on 1 February. On 12 February, a “landing craft” containing three of the crew will touch down. Over the course of the next 10 days, they will leave the craft in pairs for three sorties to explore the planet’s surface – in reality a room with a high, domed ceiling and a floor covered in reddish sand and rocks. They will wear space suits and will also deploy a remote-controlled rover.
The next day, the explorers will “rocket” back to Mars orbit to rejoin the three astronauts who stayed behind. They will then spend eight months or so travelling back to Earth, with the mission ending on 5 November 2011 (see timeline).
So will this pretend mission produce any useful data? After all, the participants will not experience reduced gravity or the dangers of rocket launches and space radiation. If the going gets rough, the crew members can walk out of the experiment at any time.
David Dinges of the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, who is studying the crew’s psychological responses to isolation, says the experiment shares enough similarities with a real Mars mission to provide helpful insights.
The experiment also provides an opportunity to obtain psychological information all the way through a mission. Records from actual space missions are much more piecemeal. “What we have is largely post-hoc anecdote,” Dinges says. “We don’t have this kind of objective measurement of neuro-behavioural function across a mission, and that’s what we’re after.”
Crew members answer questionnaires about feelings of tension and conflict, and detectors strapped to their wrists record their movements to show, for example, when they are sleeping. Their faces are videotaped while they are working on the computers so their expressions can be analysed for signs of fatigue, stress and depression.
Dinges says the observing researchers have already recorded plenty of interesting data. “We’re more convinced than ever that this is going to be very useful,” he says. The results are being kept under wraps until the experiment is over to prevent any information leaks from influencing the crew’s behaviour. The crew communicates with the outside world by exchanging messages with mission control.
As part of the simulation, a delay of up to 20 minutes has been added to simulate the time it takes for light to travel to Mars. By contrast, astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) are close enough to Earth to communicate in real time with family and friends on the ground.
If diary entries and tweets (see “Twitter from ‘space'”) from crew members are anything to go by, boredom is the biggest problem. On Halloween, for example, they made a great show of decorating the craft and dressing up. “Some of us kept the costumes on all day, even while we worked on our usual science and housekeeping tasks,” writes crew member Diego Urbina. “Wang Yue, unfamiliar with this western celebration, asks if we are always this excited about Halloween, we tell him not usually: but in here, it is just a great excuse to change the routine – even for just one day.”
The next step in preparing for a Mars mission would be a simulation that involves going into space, says Nick Kanas of the University of California in San Francisco, who is not involved in the experiment. “Mars500 is a wonderful first step, but it’s not a perfect simulator,” he says.
He suggests sending astronauts on a long-duration mission to the moon, with lengthy stays aboard the ISS to simulate the transit time to and from Mars. That would overcome some of Mars500’s limitations, such as the lack of microgravity, he says.
Such a project is likely to be a long way off, however. In the meantime, Mars500 should help us learn how to plan a mission to Mars, Ngo-Anh says. “We can prepare and improve the technology, but at the end it will be the human factor – the crew – who decide whether the mission will be a success,” she says.
Tweets from ‘space’
European Space Agency crew member Diego Urbina, a 27-year-old engineer from Italy, has been tweeting about his experiences before and during the Mars500 experiment, which began on 3 June.
What would you do if you had only 3 days left on earth? 31 May 2010
Hello world! This is my first relay-tweet from the Mars500 facility in Moscow, Russia, simulating a full trip to Mars and back 16 June 2010
You know a camera just turned to you when it makes the soft sound of a drill that is very far away. Hi whoever is looking at me 22 June 2010
I think I need a haircut. We have to cut hair using a vacuum cleaner next to the cutter, not to contaminate the env with tiny hairs 22 June 2010
Had a fun discussion on whether we really do feel in space or not. Some of us do, some of us don’t 16 July 2010
Last night was the most feared night of the month: sleeping with the italian electrode cap 26 July 2010
Remember when your parents punished you by not letting you do any phone calls? it’s the same but for 1 year 26 July 2010
Man it’s freezing in here. Waiting for the commander to be back from an experiment so he can authorize a temperature change 2 August 2010
Today I miss the Earth, and I calculated that by now, it would look as big as a €2 coin at a distance of 50 meters 14 September 2010
What I’ve been wanting to do since some months ago is ride a rollercoaster 31 January 2011
More on these topics: | <urn:uuid:61e85b64-a1ba-4b10-901f-8aa5f2842ae5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20927984-600-first-humans-set-to-land-on-mars-sort-of/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.953216 | 1,509 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Make Yourself Happy
For the kingdom of God is not meat and drink; but righteousness, and peace, and joy in the Holy Ghost (Romans 14:17). The recreated human spirit produces endless joy. Thus, it’s easy for every and any Christian to be happy, by simply choosing to be.
Someone who’s not happy about himself can’t make anyone else happy. It’s one of the ways you know people who are frustrated; they tend to pass it on. Don’t live that way. You have a responsibility, and a serious one at that, to make yourself happy, especially if you’re a leader at any capacity. God expects that you’ll give those under you godly examples. So, exude joy. Be happy. Under such an atmosphere of joy and gladness, a lot more can be accomplished.
The Spirit of God does more for and with us in an atmosphere of joy and happiness. The reverse is also true: Satan has a field day in the lives and environment of people who are moody and sad. Demons attach themselves to people to make them restless, confused, sad and depressed. This is why you must never give in to sadness or depression. Instead, allow the joy of the Lord well up in your heart. It’s something you do consciously.
When the squeeze is on, and things don’t seem to be working out as expected, laugh. Stir up joy from within. That’s the joy that lasts. When you stir up joy from your spirit like that, before long, irrespective of the daunting challenges, you’d find that there’s an unusual calmness in your spirit. The peace of God that surpasses all understanding will garrison your heart and mind in the Lord (Philippians 4:7).
You can be full of joy twenty-four hours a day, and you should. It’s God’s will for your life. In John 15:11, Jesus said, “These things have I spoken unto you, that my joy might remain in you, and that your joy might be full.” He’s given you joy that isn’t dependent on the happenings around you; joy that flows from your spirit and rubs off on everything else around you. Activate that joy today, through the Word and the Holy Spirit.
When things get tough, instead of wondering what to do and what the problem is, declare, “I refuse to be confused, depressed, or restless! I have the victory because the greater One lives in me! His joy is my strength and I prevail gloriously in His Name.” Hallelujah! Remember, “…with joy shall ye draw water out of the wells of salvation” (Isaiah 12:3).
Dear Father, I thank you for giving me such a beautiful, extraordinary, exciting, fulfilling, exceptional and excellent life; a glorious life that radiates joy, excellence and peace. Irrespective of contrary circumstances, your beauty, glory, grace and righteousness are seen and manifested in me, in Jesus’ Name. Amen.
Psalm 126:2-3; Nehemiah 8:10
1 YEAR BIBLE READING PLAN: John 5:31-47 & 1 Kings 7-8
2 YEAR BIBLE READING PLAN: Mark 9:30-37 & Numbers 14 | <urn:uuid:d6a47eb9-4ca8-4c46-aa9e-e3166b5f8140> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://christembassy.org/rhapsody-of-realities-saturday-11th/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.919178 | 721 | 1.632813 | 2 |
In the collection of the Corning Museum of Glass, there is a small wooden box subdivided into four equal sections, each fitted snugly with a glass bottle, and a brass funnel deposited in the center (fig. 1). Each bottle replicates the same shape, with a square bottom, sloping shoulders, a narrow neck, and an everted rim, topped with a brass stopper (fig. 2). The glass is uncolored but cloudy, and the surfaces are painted in enamel and gold. Each bottle follows the same decorative program, with figural scenes on two of the opposing sides and flowering plants on the remaining two. Each side is bordered by a decorative arched frame in gold. Thousands of miles away from upstate New York, in the collection of the Asian Civilisations Museum (ACM) in Singapore, a larger wooden box, with a ridged lid and silver fittings, holds six clear glass bottles, also angular in profile but with cylindric necks and slightly taller sides that are gilded with continuous floral patterns (fig. 3). Although the Corning box may have been replaced in the nineteenth century, after its bottles were made, the ACM box and almost all its bottles date to the eighteenth century.1
Together, these two boxes2 and their contents provide a useful reference point for a broader corpus of glass bottles that were originally produced in sets3 and probably also boxed,4 but have become detached from their associated mates and containers (see figs. 4, 5). All these glass bottles, whether boxed or independent, are linked by a number of consistent features: an angular base, flat sides, and gilded ornament, as well as the method of manufacture, having been made using triangular molds. The joints at the two corners where the mold segments were fused are invisible under layers of gilding, although the corresponding diagonal seam appears prominently on the base, punctuated by a pontil mark (fig. 6). These shared characteristics tie together a whole group of vessels of various sizes (ranging from two to seven inches in height5), glass colors (colorless, blue, yellow, green, and purple), shapes (square- or oblong-sided), and decorative programs (figural or floral) that can be found across museum collections in Europe, the United States, the Middle East, and Asia (see fig. 7).
In this article, I propose that the significance of these glass bottles hinges upon their boxed presentation, even if most are no longer associated with their original cases, but also on their now lost contents. Based on documentation provided by the records of the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, VOC), we may conclude that boxed sets of this type were used to convey aromatic liquids and presented as gifts to high-profile recipients around the vast scope of the Indian Ocean in the final decades of the seventeenth century into the first half of the eighteenth. This proposal hinges upon a chain of connections that link glass vessels to porcelain ones and both types to their associated wooden containers, across networks of distribution that extended from the Red Sea to the courts of Southeast and East Asia. By crossing boundaries of medium and highlighting both the practical and experiential dimensions of these highly mobile, much-dispersed, and valuable goods, I bring to light the pressing and specific cross-cultural demands that were placed upon these gifts of glass and porcelain, thus recasting their identity from isolated items of decorative interest to parts of assemblages that were deployed instrumentally in the extended commercial networks of the Dutch overseas empire.
Glass Bottles from India
These bottles are often included in the wider category of “Mughal glass,” despite the fact that numerous debates about their production have not yet been resolved. Although evidence for Indian glasswork dates as early as 1200 BCE, large glass vessels were not produced there until much later and are generally associated with the increasing European presence on the subcontinent after 1500.6 In 1969, Moreshwar Dikshit offered the earliest opinion on these painted bottles, characterizing them as European exports, or more specifically, Dutch bottles “manufactured for the Indian market,” based on their angular profiles and narrow openings, which mirror the form of the classic Dutch gin bottle (fig. 8).7Dikshit also surmised that European artists executed the painting in a style that mimicked Indian conventions for the purposes of local marketability.8 His dating of 1725–30 was based on four bottles of this type in the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A), which each have a Dutch silver coin, a scheepjesschelling worth six stuivers, as a cap, attached by a chain to the collar around the neck (fig. 9).
Indeed, in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, India emerged as an eager market for European glass, both fine and mundane, from Italy, Bohemia, and other areas.9 And, as the Los Angeles County Museum of Art curator Stephen Markel has shown, European glassmakers began to produce items specifically for Indian consumption by the late seventeenth century.10 Even so, the scholars who have responded to Dikshit, such as Simon Digby, Susan Stronge, Markel, and Stefano Carboni, have generally rejected his claim that these gilded square-based bottles were designed in Europe for export to Asia, arguing rather that they were made in India (likely Gujarat) and certainly decorated there, thus undermining the proposal of European painters adopting an Indian style.11 On the date, Stronge attributed the Dutch coins on the caps of those V&A specimens to the 1670s, thus pushing Dikshit’s chronology back in time.12 Yet Markel and Carboni have suggested that the bottles may have been produced under the influence of the glass factory that Maharao Lakha of Kutch (r. 1741–60) established in Bhuj in the middle of the eighteenth century. This intriguing yet unverifiable connection would extend the date of the bottles decades later.13
Even if Dikshit’s attribution of Dutch objects “manufactured for the Indian market” has been discounted, the idea that the bottles were made in Europe and only decorated in India still persists.14 It is clear that these questions may not be settled easily, even by compositional testing. According to Carboni, the bottles in the al-Sabah Collection reveal lead potash, which suggests European manufacture but could also mean that European ingots were sent for smelting in India.15 As a result, these bottles remain locked in a classic East-West binary configuration, which may either confirm or challenge assumptions about the directional nature of technology transfer. For that reason, the goal of this article is not to determine, ultimately, whether these bottles should be assigned a European origin or an Asian one.
Even so, the Dutch, in particular, must be attributed a role in the development and conception of Indian glassworks during this time. The Dutch had engaged in Indian trading networks since the early seventeenth century and had established several long-standing factories along India’s coasts to facilitate their activities. Along with the English, they were providers of European glass for the local market, including bottles, glasses, spectacles, mirrors, and other items.16 Case bottles, filled with alcohol or empty, were in high demand, particularly for gifts. According to Dikshit, old Dutch gin bottles could still be purchased in the city of Surat in the 1960s, which attests to the longevity of these imported glass products in coastal India.17 The Dutch connection is further emphasized by the coins that served as caps on four of the bottles, as mentioned above (fig. 9). Ram Singh Malam, the lead artisan at the glass factory in Bhuj, who was also famous for designing the city’s glass- and mirror-filled Aina Mahal, had learned his art in the Dutch Republic and made two additional trips to Europe to further his knowledge.18 Thus, considerable evidence points to a connection between Dutch and Indian glassworks in the late seventeenth through the eighteenth century. Yet we cannot say whether Dutch products and industry served as guiding examples for Indian glassworkers or if the Dutch were more actively responsible for cultivating this sector in India.19 By extension, we should call into question the assumption that all the glassware that the Dutch used in Asia was imported from Europe during this time.20 Indeed, glassblowers were present in the Dutch capital Batavia (modern-day Indonesia) by the year 1676, and it is clear that some vessels were produced in Asia as well.21
From India to Japan (via Batavia)
This corpus of Indian glass bottles is usually examined in relation to other items of glass, such as the prized gilded huqqa bowls that are also associated with Mughal production. Yet it is useful to expand this analysis outside the world of glass to draw attention to similar items made of porcelain. Immediately relevant to the Corning and ACM examples is a segmented box in the Amsterdam Rijksmuseum that is outfitted with nine porcelain bottles that are presumed to be original (fig. 10).22 As with the Corning and ACM vessels, each bottle sits on a square base, with a sloped shoulder and a narrow neck. Made of white porcelain and underglaze painted with a repeating prunus motif in cobalt, each bottle has a silver cap, likely replaced in the nineteenth century.23 In this case, the Dutch association is undeniable because the VOC insignia is branded on each of the unglazed bases (fig. 11). The interior of the box, made of calamander wood, is lined with cord-edged red velvet, now faded.24 Another similar box with larger porcelain bottles that are painted with figural imagery in enamel, in the collection of the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Massachusetts, suggests that the Rijksmuseum box is not a singular example (fig. 12).25 Individual porcelain bottles of the same sizes and shapes can be found in other collections, as with the glass examples mentioned above.26
The Rijksmuseum box is important not just because of its fine state of preservation, but also because it is undergirded by textual records that provide a context for its production, as studied by the VOC historian Cynthia Viallé. Thanks to Viallé’s work, it is possible to understand the detailed process of commissioning porcelain bottles of this type and their associated boxes, information that is not available for their glass counterparts.27 In 1686, VOC officials in Batavia sent a message to Andries Cleijer, the head of their establishment in Deshima, near Nagasaki, asking him to initiate the production of six boxes along with the bottles to be held within. After stating clearly that the boxed sets were intended as gifts and specifying that they were to be “curious,”28 they then proceeded to offer an extraordinary amount of detail in regard to the boxes’ specifications. Four were to be made of sandalwood, using pieces that had been sent over to Japan expressly for that purpose. Of the four sandalwood boxes, two were to hold nine bottles and the other two were to hold six. They also specified that two of the sandalwood boxes were to be provided with silver fittings and the other two with brass ones. The remaining two boxes were to be made of camphorwood with brass fittings, outfitted for nine bottles of twelve ounces each. In regard to the bottles, they were to be crafted of porcelain at nearby Arita in two sizes, with twelve- or sixteen-ounce capacities, based on wooden models provided by a merchant named Sweers. They also asked that the porcelain be the “whitest and finest” with the “most beautiful blue painting and with silver caps.” The VOC merchants of Deshima were unable to fulfill this order during that season, so the items arrived in Batavia near the end of the following year. Ultimately, they complied with only some of the very exacting provisions of the commission, returning six boxes made only of sandalwood, four with silver fittings and the other two with brass ones, along with one hundred matching bottles of a single, yet unspecified, size.29
The insatiable early modern global demand for Asian, and especially Chinese, porcelain is documented amply and need not be rehearsed here. Although often underemphasized compared to the more famous kilns at Jingdezhen, Arita in Japan also produced pieces for the global marketplace and played the important role of supplying wares during the tumultuous period of the Ming-Qing transition (ca. 1640–83), which affected the production at and transport from Chinese kilns. After that period, the Japanese porcelain trade was mainly handled privately, although the VOC continued to place orders for intra-Asian dissemination, as with this 1686 commission. It was not uncommon for Dutch patrons to provide prototypes for the porcelain shapes that they desired at both Jingdezhen and Arita.30 They also became increasingly specific about their desired design programs, as evidenced by the many examples that carried European coats of arms and the oft-repeated Orientalizing designs of the Dutch artist Cornelis Pronk (1691–1759), for instance. While the porcelain bottles of the Rijksmuseum box are clearly based on the classic Dutch bottle form, as with the glass versions made in India discussed above, they are not exact replicas of them. Both are much smaller than their Dutch models, and the Rijksmuseum bottles have sharper edges.31 As for the box, the Rijksmuseum specimen in calamander wood does not appear to be a product of that 1686 commission, which yielded only sandalwood containers. The city of Batavia had an active woodworking quarter, which is probably where the Rijksmuseum box was made, even if its bottles came from Japan.32 By the same right, the ACM box, with its six gilded glass bottles made in India, was likely also produced in Batavia, but of rosewood (see fig. 3).33
The 1686 commission, studied by Viallé, is important because it indicates that the preparation of boxes and bottles of this type required the oversight of a number of trade officials and merchants from Batavia to Deshima to issue orders and supervise shipping, as well as the labor of many craftspeople working in diverse materials—wood, textile, metal, and ceramics—in far-flung quarters. The commissioning of any single object of this nature also required extensive long-distance communication via paper and in person through various interpreters, in addition to many months of waiting. When situated within this wider understanding, the box in the Rijksmuseum exceeds its modest size, providing compelling material evidence that the enterprise of gift giving in the Indian Ocean was no small matter for the VOC, a point made amply by scholars such as Viallé, Adam Clulow, and Martha Chaiklin.34 It also provides a wider context for the boxes with glass bottles mentioned above, which may be linked to those in porcelain not just because of their form and components, but also because of their function as gifts.
Networks of Distribution
In addition to presenting the circumstances of production of these boxes, Viallé indicates that after the bottles were made in Arita and shipped back to Batavia, they were to be filled with aromatic oils, pressed from substances such as sandalwood, cinnamon, clove, mace, and nutmeg.35 Heavy with perfumed liquids, the porcelain bottles were then placed into their bespoke segmented boxes and doled out to the ruling authorities of selected polities across the Indian Ocean and maritime Asia. In her 1993 article, Viallé provides the following list of dignitaries who received boxes of this type, with an interest in ascertaining those who may have been the beneficiaries of the 1686 commission.36 Likely candidates include King Phetracha of Siam, who received two boxes of oils in 1688 and 1692, and the sultan of Banten on the island of Java, a close neighbor to the Dutch in Batavia, who received such a box in 1690. Additionally, the negus of Ethiopia, Iyasu, received two boxes of this type in the years 1691 and 1696. In a later 2006 article, Viallé adds three additional recipients to this list: the sultan of Johor on the Malay Peninsula and his young regent, who each received a boxed gift of oils in 1687, and the Qing emperor, who received one among many other items brought by the VOC envoy Vincent Paats in 1686. However, she does not mention whether these last three boxes contained bottles made of porcelain or glass. To Viallé’s rosters, we may add two boxes of scented oils in glass vials that were delivered to the Qasimi imam of Yemen in 1719 and 1735.37 Without question, this list of recipients is not exhaustive. It is certain that, upon sustained study, the voluminous VOC archives will continue to yield many more examples of such distributions. But, even based on this preliminary list, we may map these boxes, with vessels of porcelain and glass, across a wide matrix of Dutch gift giving that extended all the way from the Red Sea arena to East Asia from the 1680s into the first decades of the eighteenth century (see fig. 13). While Viallé laid the groundwork by identifying most of these recipients, she did not venture to propose the meaning or significance of these boxes.38 Accordingly, this article builds upon her findings by demonstrating the value of these boxes and proposing what they were meant to accomplish as gifts to specific recipients in their localized historical contexts.
Some recipients were given boxes of this type on more than one occasion. For instance, in September 1688, a sandalwood box with silver fittings was bestowed on the king of Siam, Phetracha, based in his capital, Ayutthaya. The documents of VOC merchants convey that this box was filled with bottles of clove, nutmeg, mace, cinnamon, and sandalwood oils. Based on the overall quantities that were recorded, we can assume that the box held nine bottles, each with a capacity of twelve ounces, and that all the oils, except for the sandalwood, were provided in doubled quantities and two separate containers.39 The VOC merchants offered another sandalwood box of a similar size, but with brass fittings, to Phetracha in 1692. When the now-ruined palace at Ayutthaya was excavated, archaeologists found square-shaped porcelain fragments of bases stamped with the VOC insignia, like those of the Rijksmuseum bottles.40 It is impossible to say whether these fragments came from the 1688 or 1692 gift, or another one that has not yet been studied, but this archaeological evidence provides material support for the successful execution of at least one of the diplomatic bestowals described in the textual sources, as well as confirming the enduring presence of a VOC gift at the king’s court. The long-term preservation of this gift at Ayutthaya, even in fragmentary form, is quite remarkable in a world in which gifts, even valuable ones, were sometimes rejected or passed on to someone else.41
As described vividly by the historian of early modern Thailand Bhawan Ruangsilp, from 1604 to 1765 the VOC merchants based in Ayutthaya carefully managed the complicated and rapidly changing politics at the Siamese court, where they enjoyed moments of clear favor, but also those of relative exclusion.42 The above-mentioned gift of 1688 was not intended for Phetracha, the Thai king who is sometimes cast as xenophobic, but rather for his outward-looking predecessor Narai, who had died that year. In fact, in 1685, French and Persian embassies had appeared in Ayutthaya with great fanfare and carrying lavish gifts.43By 1688, Narai avidly courted French merchants and missionaries, while the Dutch feared that their own presence was being greatly overshadowed.44 The gift of boxed oils, along with a carriage and six black horses, was one of the items bestowed in response to the high intrigue and intra-European competition at the court of Narai, all of which was mediated by the Greek minister and patron of the French, Constantine Phaulkon, who wielded considerable influence over the Thai king. Of course, by the time the box arrived in Ayutthaya, Narai had died and was succeeded by a king who was much less interested in entertaining foreign embassies at court or dispatching missions abroad.45 Clearly, the Dutch offered the box as a tool to vie for influence and trading privileges at a time when they saw their position as quite vulnerable. The fragility of their situation may also help to explain the detailed nature of the 1686 VOC order to Deshima, which reveals that they were deeply committed to producing gifts made to specification so that they would be received well. Carefully composed gifts could be directed toward delicate cases, such as that of Siam, where the Dutch constantly had to renegotiate their position, while also jockeying for preeminence among other European rivals.
In the late seventeenth century, two boxes of oils were also given to the negus of Ethiopia, where, in contrast to Siam, the Dutch did not maintain an established presence. The historian Matteo Salvadore has shown that the middle of the seventeenth century marked a new era of external relations for Ethiopia. Whereas Negus Susenyos (r. 1606–32) made the controversial decision of committing to Catholicism in the waning years of Portuguese maritime dominance in the western Indian Ocean, his successor Fasiladas (r. 1632–67) rejected those short-lived policies by expelling or executing the remaining Jesuit missionaries in Ethiopia and then initiating new relations with certain Muslim and Christian states as part of “a conscious decision of selective isolation from the Catholic world” but also a clear desire to reap the financial benefits of the long-distance maritime trade.46 This rationale explains why Fasiladas sent embassies to Muslim rulers who occupied strategic maritime positions, including the Qasimi imam of neighboring Yemen, the Ottoman sultan who held the Red Sea ports of Massawa (modern-day Eritrea) and Suakin (modern-day Sudan), and the Mughal ruler Aurangzeb. His successors Yohannes (r. 1667–82) and Iyasu (r. 1682–1706)47 expanded these initiatives, with additional missions to the Mughals, but also the VOC. In 1673, 1689, and 1694, three embassies were dispatched from Gondar to Batavia.
For each of the Batavia missions, the Ethiopian ambassador was Khoja Murad, an Armenian, originally from Syria, who brought with him standard gifts of horses and slaves, which were enhanced by rare items of value, such as zebras, ostriches, and animal horns full of civet musk. In both 1691 and 1696, Khoja Murad returned to the capital, Gondar, with copious gifts for the negus from the Dutch. In these two instances, they included, among many other items, boxes of fragrant oils.48 The 1691 box was made of sandalwood and held oils pressed from cinnamon, sandalwood, camphor, nutmeg, mace, and clove, which were apportioned in large porcelain bottles, likely from Arita, of sixteen ounces each, with the nutmeg, mace, and clove oils offered in doubled quantities.49 The Dutch interest in opening direct trade relations with the Horn of Africa stretched back to the early seventeenth century, with the establishment of the short-lived “Company of Abyssinia,” which foundered because of VOC concerns that this new institution would infringe on their territory.50 But these late seventeenth-century embassies initiated by the negus revived Dutch interest, eventually inspiring the VOC to attempt a return mission to Gondar, despite Khoja Murad’s warnings about the possible risks of such an endeavor. The Dutch mission proceeded to the Red Sea port of Mocha, where they had long held a trade establishment, in 1696. They waited pointlessly for Khoja Murad to send word that they could proceed to the African coast safely, as he had promised. As a result, the embassy was eventually abandoned and the ambassador, Theodorus Sas, left Mocha without ever crossing the Red Sea. Even though they turned out to be unsuccessful, these diplomatic gifts and attempts at contact represent the long-standing VOC aspirations for commercial expansion into the Horn of Africa.
The Dutch also bestowed two boxed sets of oils on the imam of Yemen, in 1719 and 1735. In contrast to Ethiopia, the Dutch had traded in Yemen since 1616, when the area was ruled by the Ottomans, but sustained their presence there after the Qasimi imams ousted the Ottomans in 1636. The first box of oils reached Imam al-Mutawakkil Qasim soon after he had dominated in a drawn out struggle against two contenders, Imam al-Mansur Husayn (d. 1720), whose support was concentrated in the northern mountain town of Shahara, and his uncle al-Mahdi Muhammad bin Ahmad (r. 1686–1718), who was based in the hilltop fortress of al-Mawahib and had originally recruited Qasim to support his campaign. Qasim had ended up turning against his uncle to claim the title of imam for himself and eventually gained strategic control of the lowlands, including Mocha. Dutch merchants, who were based in that port and observing these events closely, decided to lend their support to the new imam, who took the title al-Mutawakkil. Their choice proved to be the right one. With the death of al-Mahdi in 1718, Qasim was able to claim authority over most of Yemen, while the purview of the last imam contracted considerably. On March 4, 1719, these merchants transmitted a letter, along with a large gift package, to al-Mutawakkil in Sanaa, on behalf of Christoffel van Swolle, governor-general of the Dutch East Indies based in Batavia.51 Along with copious textiles, spices, porcelain coffee cups from China, and five pairs of glasses, it included a box that contained cinnamon, clove, and nutmeg oils, each meted out in a two-ounce bottle, as enumerated in a gift register from that year (fig. 14).52 Although this box and its vessels were considerably smaller than those conveyed to the courts at Ayutthaya and Gondar in previous decades, this bestowal is important because it specifies that these vessels were made of glass, and thus serves as a crucial link that connects the function of the Corning and ACM boxes to that of the well-documented Rijksmuseum example.53 This bestowal from the VOC’s top official in Asia acknowledged the imam’s newly attained singular standing and conveyed wishes for the stability of his reign. The letter also explicitly outlined the VOC’s wish to maintain their trading privileges, particularly their access to the region’s coffee beans, a local commodity that was still in demand while European cultivation efforts were just beginning to find success on the islands of Java, Martinique, and Île Bourbon (now Réunion).54 Indeed, al-Mutawakkil’s box was tendered at a fragile political moment when a new and untested imam had just consolidated power. Although VOC merchants had supported him early on, they still feared that their status, and accordingly their access to local supplies of coffee, might be diminished by a new trade agreement.
VOC merchants gave a similar box to al-Mutawakkil’s son and successor, Imam al-Mansur Husayn (r. 1727–48; not to be confused with the imam of the same name and title who was based in Shahara and mentioned above), in 1735.55 Again, the reference is sparse, but it conveys that this box was larger than the previous one, with four containers of cinnamon, mace, clove, and musk oils for a total of ten ounces. However, in this case, the material that the bottles were made of was not mentioned. The oils, however, were described as “fine,” and the set had been sent to Mocha in 1730, five years earlier.
Clearly, these boxed sets of oils were considered to be impressive gifts, offered to the rulers of these three polities on more than one occasion. Yet one notable recipient did not appreciate these much-distributed items. In 1685, the Qing court requested that the VOC deliver an embassy, with the threat that they would not be allowed to trade again until one was sent.56 They were, in fact, long overdue, having promised to dispatch one every eight years; eighteen years had passed since the last Dutch mission to Beijing. In 1686, the VOC envoy, Vincent Paats, presented an impressive gift package to the Kangxi emperor, which was worth 30,000 guilders, in addition to 31,000 guilders’ worth of gifts that were dispensed en route to the court from Fuzhou.57 Among coral, mirrors, textiles, a clock, a lantern, a candelabrum, glassware, spices, weapons, casks of wine, and telescopes, the package included a box with silver fittings that held small bottles of cinnamon, clove, rose, and sandalwood oils.58 Unfortunately, these hefty expenditures did not pay off. Paats’s requests for toll exemptions and permission for the establishment of permanent trade facilities in Qing territory were not approved. This unyielding response was surprising, as the Qing court had already relaxed restrictions on trade with other foreigners. But, as Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann has shown, the embassy was not considered a success. The Dutch generally struggled to calibrate the proper gifts for the Qing emperor, who was not always pleased with the stock items delivered to others around the Asian sphere.59 After the conclusion of the embassy, it was conveyed to the Dutch that, in the future, their gifts should include horses, red coral, large mirrors, European woolen cloth, Persian rugs, clocks, certain spices and aromatics, amber, and firearms, but not Spanish wine and boxed sets of aromatic oils, among other items.60 In this case, it appears that the boxed oils contributed, at least in some small part, to the failure of the mission. Shortly afterward, in 1690, the Dutch diverted their attention away from direct trade with China, with the intention of obtaining the same products through Chinese shipping to Batavia instead.61 They waited until 1729 to resume their direct trade with China from their new base in Canton.
These bestowals in Ayutthaya, Gondar, Sanaa, and Beijing demonstrate the compelling paths that these boxes of aromatic oils could take, even if they present only a partial picture of the scope of VOC gift giving. As emphasized here, chests of aromatic oils were bestowed in delicate diplomatic situations, where VOC merchants hoped to improve their liminal position, or in regions where they endeavored to establish new commercial ties, such as Ethiopia. But, as Zoltán Biedermann has shown for elaborately carved ivory caskets made in Sri Lanka in the sixteenth century, we must endeavor to “reconnect” these items, which are now cast as “decorative,” to their “distant, politically loaded past.”62 In that light, these gifts represent the relatively fragile place of the VOC in late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Indian Ocean and Asian commercial networks, not their preeminence. Clearly, boxes of aromatic oils were deployed as prized gifts, used to develop favor locally and particularly in cases where Dutch trade privileges were not stable or assured. Although these boxed oils may not appear to have been the most prominent items in the gift packages that they were sent along with, their repeated dispatch to Ayutthaya, Gondar, and Sanaa demonstrates their potential value and impact. Whereas raw commodities, such as spices, and certain luxury textiles were quite universal in their appeal across the Indian Ocean, more complicated, multipart, manufactured items were more challenging to calibrate. For instance, in 1688, upon receipt of his gift package from the VOC, King Phetracha told these merchants flatly that he did not need the carriage, so it was returned to Batavia, although he kept the horses, along with the box of oils.63
The Value of Aromatic Oils
These gifts were sumptuous thanks to the high-quality materials that their parts were crafted from: tropical and aromatic hardwoods, glass, porcelain, velvet, and silver. Yet they drew their value from their contents. Fragrant oils made from spices, such as mace, clove, nutmeg, and cinnamon, and aromatic woods, such as camphor and sandalwood, were treasured around the Indian Ocean and used in perfume blends, as toiletries, or to make incense, but also for medicinal purposes. They were costly because large quantities of each product had to be used to render even a small vial of oil. For instance, in 1719, two ounces of cinnamon oil were given to Imam al-Mutawakkil in Yemen and valued at thirty-two guilders, whereas fifteen pounds of bulk cinnamon by the sack was valued at only four guilders in total.64 These oils represented concentrated essences of much-desired spices, which were actively traded by the Dutch and often bestowed in gift packages in other forms as well, such as dry bulk or candied preserves. For instance, in the 1719 gift to al-Mutawakkil, the boxed presentation of cinnamon, clove, and nutmeg oils was doubled in impact by voluminous sacks containing the very same spices. Moreover, there were large disparities between the costs of the different types of oils. In 1719, the bottle of cinnamon oil was eight times more expensive than that of clove or nutmeg.
It is important to note that fragrant oils appeared commonly in annual VOC gift packages to polities across the Indian Ocean. As Viallé describes, the Dutch regularly gave vials of clove oil to the shogun and his officials in Japan, usually in quantities of one to five ounces.65Moreover, Viallé refers to the VOC establishments in India as “loyal customers” of these oils, which were always used for gifts and usually given in small quantities of a few ounces at a time.66 It is clear, however, that boxed sets including multiple large bottles, as exemplified in figures 1, 3, 10, and 12, were reserved only for the most important recipients, such as those mentioned in the previous section, the king of Siam, the negus of Ethiopia, the imam of Yemen, and the Qing emperor. This hierarchical stance toward distribution was clear in 1719, when Imam al-Mutawakkil received his boxed set. At the same time, his wazir, or main advisor, Salih al-Huraybi, and the governor of the port of Mocha, Amir Rizq Allah, also received gifts. Theirs included the same varieties of aromatic oil, but in individual bottles and smaller quantities of one ounce each. Al-Mutawakkil’s box stands apart from these other examples because of its packaged presentation, apparently the first time that the Dutch had offered oils to a Yemeni recipient in this way, rather than as loose vials. This manner of wrapping allowed them to scale up a common gift item for a particularly fine, and apparently exclusive, bestowal. The elevated intention of these boxed presentations was made clear again in Yemen in 1735, when Mocha’s head sarraf, or money exchanger, and the merchant Hasan Hasusa came seeking gifts of red laken (broadcloth) and “fine oils” from the Dutch.67 Although they initially bristled at this demand, the VOC merchants ended up dividing the broadcloth, which was in danger of deterioration in their warehouse, among the following recipients: Imam al-Mansur, Mocha’s governor, his second in charge, the head sarraf, and the merchant Hasusa.68 But they reserved the box solely for the imam. In fact, that box had arrived in Mocha in 1730 and had been retained for five years, signaling that the VOC merchants posted there would not offer such an item to a lesser recipient or sell it on the market. Gifts were never intended to normalize or equalize social standing. To the contrary, they indicated that VOC representatives understood the nature of local ranks and could acknowledge these differential roles effectively. Flasks of fragrant oil could be increased in impact considerably when assembled in ornamental boxed sets, which were clearly reserved as special presents for esteemed beneficiaries, thus crystallizing regional hierarchies in vivid material terms.
The governor-general in Batavia operated with relative independence in Asia, running the VOC as both a corporate organization and a state-like entity that initiated relations with other regional powers on its own terms. Generally, the company used two approaches in external affairs, conquest and diplomacy, as described eloquently by the historian Leonard Blussé.69 They managed their hold on key spice monopolies through violence, as in the Banda Islands, where they had decimated the local population in order to control supplies of nutmeg and mace in the early seventeenth century. In Ambon, during the same period, they tortured and executed their competitors to retain their hold over cloves, while also destroying their crops and property. In sharp contrast to these violent acts carried out for commercial gain, VOC merchants engaged other Indian Ocean polities through strategic diplomatic relations, facilitated through costly embassies, such as those mentioned above. These dual approaches are represented clearly through the Dutch engagement on the island of Ceylon, modernday Sri Lanka. In 1656, with the support of the inland raja of Kandy, the Dutch took the strategic sites of Colombo and Galle from the Portuguese, who had long held forts on the island. But they then turned against the raja, who dominated the regions where cinnamon was most plentiful. After pursuing two futile decades of war, they were compelled to change their approach, finally settling on a treaty that hinged upon a delicate policy of diplomacy. The historian T. B. H. Abeysinghe records that the VOC sent fifty-one embassies to Kandy in the first half of the eighteenth century, which indicates the continuing importance of that strategic relationship and their enduring need to acquire cinnamon.70Their differential approaches to these various polities must be understood when considering VOC practices of gift giving and particularly the place of spices within them.
Unlike other common perfumed liquids, such as rosewater, for instance, which had a long history of use in the Middle East and was produced in Persia and India, spiced oils were processed in Batavia and seem to have become more widely available after the early seventeenth-century settlement of the Dutch. The primary oils were drawn from the spices that they controlled aggressively, such as nutmeg, mace, and cloves, their key Eastern products. When processed as aromatic oils and poured into bottles that bore the VOC monogram on their bases, these pungent products cogently and potently expressed the extensive realm of Dutch economic power, territorial access, and military control. They were then boxed and delivered to those whom they wished to cultivate through the “soft-handed approach” of diplomacy in Yemen and Siam or aspired to forge relationships with, such as the negus of Ethiopia.71 For that reason, it is no accident that oils of clove, nutmeg, and mace were offered most commonly in these gift boxes, often in doubled quantities.
Despite the isolated negative response of the Kangxi emperor, VOC officials in Batavia saw these boxed sets of oils as ideal gifts to high-profile recipients within the Indian Ocean arena at the end of the seventeenth century and the beginning of the eighteenth. Even though some specimens of boxes and bottles have been preserved in Western collections, their well-documented role as gifts within the Indian Ocean and Asian spheres must be emphasized.72Hence, they should not be folded into the wider category of objects grouped under the term “export art,” even if the patrons were European and they were intended for consumption outside the place of production. Based on the evidence presented above, it appears that the bottles could be made of porcelain or glass; there is even a set of six metal bottles ornamented in pearl-shell and lacquer, housed within a box made of the same materials in a Japanese collection.73
I am not the first to link these glass bottles with their porcelain counterparts.74 What I offer, however, is a way of understanding their relationship as more than a material outcome of Dutch cultural influence. The shape of these glass and porcelain vessels is important not just because they seem to replicate the form of the Dutch case bottle, but rather because that shape, with its angular corners, was designed so that it could be tightly wedged into an individual compartment within a segmented box intended for travel.75 Like Dutch case bottles, these flasks of aromatic oils were engineered for maritime conveyance, ultimately destined to enter the hands of a faraway recipient in one piece. In the case of the Rijksmuseum box, we can map much of the lengthy trajectory of its parts, beginning in Japan where the bottles were made, then to Batavia where the box was manufactured and the items were assembled, and eventually all the way to Amsterdam.
Dutch gin bottles, such as the one that Dikshit purchased in Surat in the 1960s, must also be understood in relation to their contents. They were not sent for sale overseas in Asia, but rather arrived in Eastern ports on VOC ships, filled with spirits meant to sustain the employees of the company. These bottles, heavy with liquid, were packed within wooden boxes, or kelders, which were segmented, usually into fifteen compartments, to prevent breakage.76 Countless bottle-filled kelders were sent on boats from Amsterdam to all corners of the maritime sphere in which the Dutch operated, as part of the extended industry of provisioning this expansive enterprise of trade and foreign settlement.77Although some seventeenth- and eighteenth-century glass bottles of this type still remain in museum collections today (see fig. 8), empty of course, their associated boxes usually do not.78 In order to understand the impact of Dutch case bottles in the Indian Ocean more fully, we should not see them as isolated objects emptied of their contents.79 Rather, we must envision them filled with the liquids that they held, while also placing them back into the crates that were outfitted to carry them across the seas.
In the context of gifting, the nesting of these goods was not only a practical consideration, however. As signaled above, this mode of packaging was used for exclusive bestowals on established rulers of Asian and African polities, but never on their subordinates. These boxes allowed VOC officials to elevate the presentation of spiced oils that were distributed more commonly as loose vials, as described above. This concentric packaging also enhanced the object’s progressive impact upon opening. When delivered, the recipient would lift the latch of the box and then open the lid. The sandalwood boxes commissioned by the VOC in 1686 would have emitted a pleasing aroma even before opening, thus providing a preview of the fragrant content within.80 The sumptuous interior, covered in plush velvet, would first reveal only the metallic tops of the individual containers. Each glass or porcelain bottle would have to be removed independently in order to view its decorated surfaces, with gold and colors on glass or pigments on white. Finally, each vessel would be uncapped to reveal the fragrant oil within. This type of “wrapping” targeted the senses, not just visually, but also through touch and smell. As described by the art historian Avinoam Shalem, the experiential aspects of transporting, offering, and opening gifts, what he calls the “performance of the object,” must be taken into account when considering the material dimensions of any received item.81 Although Shalem speaks particularly about the medieval and early modern Middle East, his discussion of gifts that were presented in experientially dynamic ways, usually nested within precious containers that were themselves wrapped in valuable textiles that were also sometimes enhanced by fragrance, is useful for understanding this corpus of boxed gifts. These notions of sensory delight and experiential drama may also help us understand why these VOC caskets worked so effectively as gifts for most recipients across a vast maritime sphere, including areas in and adjacent to the Islamic heartlands.
Equally compelling is the historian Emma Flatt’s discussion of the “transformative power of smell” in the sixteenth-century Deccan. Drawing attention to the use of olfactory elements in esoteric practices of conjuring spirits, she demonstrates that scent was not purely an aesthetic concern in early modern India, but also carried a generative clout.82 It appears that the VOC officials who were charged with commissioning these gifts were similarly aware of this key olfactory dimension, which held relevance in other parts of maritime Asia as well. In regard to the 1686 order discussed above, the Dutch merchants at Deshima decided not to follow through with the requested chests of camphorwood, claiming that they were “judged to be inappropriate” because the strong scent of the oils within could “infect” the fragrance of the box.83 For that reason, they executed the order only in sandalwood, which they apparently found to be more robust in this regard. This deviation from the Batavia request is telling, for it suggests that these merchants were considering the sensory, and particularly olfactory, dimensions of the object in its complete assemblage as key to the gift’s overall success. Notably, their superiors in Batavia agreed that they had made the correct choice in this matter. While it is acknowledged that the Dutch generally conformed to court protocols and social norms in the overseas sites where they did business, the subtle and indeed ephemeral codes of interaction, such as the management of sensory impact, have yet to be addressed.84
In fact, fragrance should be emphasized as a central dimension to a gift’s character, as demonstrated in a large gift package that the VOC sent to Narai in 1681. This assemblage did not include any boxed oils, but it did feature a number of European-made objects that had been much delayed in conveyance: a gold timepiece, two decorated telescopes, six “elegant writing-books,” and the “best pairs of spectacles for people of varying ages.”85 In addition, they sent over a large and expensive brass lantern, some rare animals, many pieces of precious textiles, glass from Europe, and numerous objects that were crafted of cinnamon wood. This type of wood was rarely used functionally because it was difficult to procure pieces that were large enough to carve. A small cabinet with gold mounts, four halberds inlaid with silver, four canes, a tray, and twelve goblets, all made of cinnamon wood, would have been notable and unique additions to this gift package. The tendency might be to focus on the European-made items in this assemblage or those that were wrought of silver and gold for their considerable expense.86 Instead, we should underline the aroma that these gifts made of cinnamon wood, obtained from Sri Lanka, would have emitted, effects which the Dutch were also clearly attuned to. Indeed, the following year’s gift also included a cabinet and weapons made of the same perfumed material. By privileging the experiential power of gifts, we shift the perspective away from the regimented order of monetary evaluation that dominates the conventions of VOC documentation, while also circumventing the overriding fascination with the consumption of Western goods in the East (and vice versa), even as these olfactory dimensions are difficult to recapture historically.
Wooden boxes that housed bottles that were filled with fragrant oils may be clearly associated with Dutch patronage across this vast maritime sphere, even though questions about the place of glass production, for instance, may never be answered satisfactorily. And the many corresponding individual decorated bottles of glass or porcelain with square bottoms and flat sides that can be found in global museum collections may be better understood when conceived along with the segmented boxes that were made for their conveyance, storage, and presentation, even if the majority of these containers are now irretrievably lost.87 As Andrew Shryock and Daniel Lord Smail recently declared, generally “the container is overlooked in favour of other kinds of things, typically prestige goods, identity markers or objects that oscillate between commodity and gift states.”88 These boxed sets compel us to consider containers and contents in an integrated fashion, while also shedding light on their implicit concentric relationship. In fact, we may go as far as to say that the conditions of enveloping and containing were key to the production of an Indian Ocean material culture that drew on many traditions and precedents, but was ultimately geared for types of exchange that took shape across the unstable waters of the sea. It is this relationship between form and the circumstances of conveyance that orients the relationship between the boxes and the bottles that they once held, as well as their central role in cross-cultural gift giving.
Recently, several important studies have aimed to elucidate the character, intention, and impact of VOC gifting practices. Viallé has examined the ways that VOC envoys assimilated to local court protocols around the Asian sphere, even if their efforts sometimes fell flat.89Claudia Swan has proposed that VOC diplomatic gifts—even exotica—must be understood through a commercial lens, thereby recognizing the intertwined nature of the diplomatic sphere and the marketplace, particularly during the height of VOC economic success in the first half of the seventeenth century.90 This essay echoes most of the key points of both essays, while adding to them, by taking up a limited, and highly particular, class of gifts with specific properties that would have had a pointed impact upon recipients in the Indian Ocean and across the Asian seas.91 To this end, I have highlighted the features that made these boxes practical but also alluring gifts, while departing from the standard defining conventions of the VOC, which hinge upon generalized notions of rarity and curiosity, underpinned by ever-present quantitative formulas of guilders, stuivers, and pennings (see fig. 14). By moving beyond those accepted formulations of value, we may come closer to understanding the logic behind the reception of these gifts and, particularly, why and on what terms certain gifts were received so graciously and others were rejected or disdained.
Key to this intervention is the contention that VOC officials based in Asia were keenly aware of the social hierarchies of gift giving and well-attuned to the visual, aesthetic, and sensory impact that their gifts could convey, as amply suggested by the detailed 1686 order to Deshima and the other aromatic gifts that they tendered to the court at Ayutthaya. In this way, the notion of “successful adaptation” that Clulow invokes for the VOC gift-giving enterprise in Japan could be extended more broadly.92 By highlighting the fleeting dimensions of opening and handling complicated multipart objects, we may also factor in the active agency of the receiver, even if these proposals hinge upon certain irretrievable features of these boxes and bottles and their long-lost contents. These ephemeral characteristics are essential to understanding cross-cultural encounters in the Indian Ocean, which were tied up with certain haptic and olfactory codes that are admittedly difficult to reconstruct. Even so, we can assert that boxes filled with bottles carrying fragrant oils were engaged in significant cross-cultural labor in the early modern Indian Ocean world, often situated at the leading edge of encounters between VOC merchants and high-profile figures of authority in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa.
Nancy Um is professor of art history at Binghamton University. She is the author of The Merchant Houses of Mocha: Trade and Architecture in an Indian Ocean Port (University of Washington Press, 2009) and Shipped but Not Sold: Material Culture and the Social Protocols of Trade during Yemen’s Age of Coffee (University of Hawai‘i Press, 2017).
I would like to thank Kristina Kleutghen, Ellen Welch, Dipti Khera, Sylvia Houghteling, Meredith Martin, Carrie Anderson, Stephanie Porras, Sarah Laursen, Tara Desjardins, Michael Backman, Alexandra Roy, and Emma Flatt for their consultation on various aspects of this article and for offering invitations to present versions of this project at Washington University in Saint Louis, UNC Chapel Hill, and the symposium of the American Council for Southern Asian Art. At the Corning Museum of Glass, Kate Larsen, Marv Bolt, and Kit Maxwell generously made their collection available for consultation. At LACMA, Bindu Gude and Stephen Markel graciously provided access to key objects along with helpful advice. As always, I am indebted to Marcia Focht for helping me build my dataset and scanning the images that it comprises.
- 1. One of the six bottles was likely a nineteenth-century replacement. “Extremely Rare Dutch Colonial Decanter Case with Silver Mounts & Six Gilded Glass Decanters,” Michael Backman Ltd., accessed June 5, 2017, http://michaelbackmanltd.com/1725.html.
- 2. To these two boxed sets, a third case, made of shagreen in England and marked with the initials GR, can be added. It holds six painted and gilded glass bottles within. However, this piece is currently in a private collection in the United Kingdom, and only scant information about it is available publicly. “A Set of Mughal Glass Bottles with a Royal Case,” Amir Mohtashemi Collection, accessed October 7, 2018, http://www.amirmohtashemi.com/set-Mughal-glass-bottles-with-royal-case-DesktopDefault.aspx?tabid=6&tabindex=5&objectid=720303&categoryid=10216&Price.
- 3. Stefano Carboni, who has conducted the most recent and comprehensive work on this topic, also underlines their serial quality. Glass from Islamic Lands: The Al-Sabah Collection (New York: Thames and Hudson, 2001), 389–90; “Two Bottles,” in Glass of the Sultans, ed. Stefano Carboni and David Whitehouse (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2001), 288. I aggregated data on sixty-eight examples across global collections. Of these, forty-three are currently held with other bottles of a similar size and decorative program, and probably composed larger sets in the past, perhaps originally of four to six bottles.
- 4. For instance, a single bottle in the Corning collection was said to have been part of a larger set and originally housed in a “case” before it was acquired by the museum as a solitary piece in 1959. Museum file, Corning Museum of Glass, 59.1.583.
- 5. This range excludes one example in the Metropolitan Museum (1971.234), which is an outlier, at ten and five-eighths inches high, but appears to be an imported Dutch gin bottle of green glass that was only painted in India.
- 6. There is debate as to whether the Indus Valley people produced glass or not. More consistent evidence on Indian glass production, especially beads and bangles, appears after 1200 BCE. Alok Kumar Kanungo, “Glass in India,” Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures, Alpha–G, part 7, ed. H. Selin (Dordrecht: Springer, 2008), 1027.
- 7. Dutch case bottles are generally larger in size, around eleven inches high, as suggested by the archaeological data from Cape Town. The one that Dikshit purchased in Surat was smaller (eight and three-quarters inches high) and dated to the late seventeenth century. I thank Carmel Schrire for sharing her data with me. Moreshwar Gangadhar Dikshit, History of Indian Glass (Mumbai: Bombay University Press, 1969), 105; Carmel Schrire, “Glass Collections from VOC Sites at the Cape,” in Historical Archaeology in South Africa, ed. Carmel Schrire (Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast, 2014), 187–203.
- 8. Dikshit, History, 105.
- 9. Ibid., 114–26; Simon Digby, “A Corpus of ‘Mughal Glass,’” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London 36, no. 1 (1973): 83–84; Stephen Markel, “Indian and ‘Indianate’ Glass Vessels in the Los Angeles County Museum of Art,” Journal of Glass Studies 33 (1991): 82–83.
- 10. Stephen Markel, “Western Imports and the Nature of Later Indian Glassware,” Asian Arts 6 (Fall 1993): 35–36.
- 11. Digby, “Corpus,” 94–96; Susan Stronge, “Bottle with Silver Cap,” The Indian Heritage: Court Life and Arts under Mughal Rule (London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1982), 126, cat. 396; Markel, “Indian,” 83, 87–90; Carboni, Glass from Islamic Lands, 388–90; Carboni, “Two Bottles,” 287–88.
- 12. She also identified a seal that was stamped on one of the coins that indicated that the object had arrived in the Netherlands after 1814, but before 1867, when it was acquired by the museum. Stronge, “Bottle with Silver Cap,” 126, cat. 396.
- 13. Markel, “Indian,” 88; Carboni, Glass from Islamic Lands, 389; Carboni, “Two Bottles,” 287. The later chronology lines up with Digby’s mid- or late eighteenth-century date based on the painting style. Digby, “Corpus,” 95.
- 14. Carboni, Glass from Islamic Lands, 389; Stefano Carboni, “Glass in the Age of the Empires,” in Carboni and Whitehouse, Glass of the Sultans, 276. Also, see the object description for Corning Museum of Glass 59.1.583, accessed June 9, 2017, http://www.cmog.org/artwork/enameled-bottle-0?search=collection%3Abb8169a9be1ec3cc53eef303e5149d08&page=0.
- 15. Carboni, “Two Bottles,” 288.
- 16. Dikshit, History, 116–19.
- 17. Ibid., 112. Digby mentions their availability as well. “Corpus,” 94.
- 18. Markel, “Indian,” 88; B. N. Goswamy and A. L. Dallapiccola, A Place Apart: Painting in Kutch, 1720–1820 (Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1983), 3.
- 19. It is sometimes noted that the Dutch produced glass in India, based on a passage from Niccolao Manucci. However, this passage, which refers to Patna, is brief and imprecise about the nature of this industry. It may have pertained to English, Dutch, or local production. For this reason, Manucci should not be used to provide independent evidence of seventeenth-century Dutch glass production in India. Storia do Mogor or Mogol India, 1653–1708, 4 vols., trans. William Irvine (London: John Murray, 1907), 2:83–84.
- 20. Cynthia Viallé, “‘To Capture Their Favor’: On Gift-Giving by the VOC,” in Mediating Netherlandish Art and Material Culture in Asia, ed. Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann and Michael North (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2014), 296.
- 21. Martha Chaiklin, Cultural Commerce and Dutch Commercial Culture: The Influence of European Material Culture on Japan, 1700–1850 (Leiden: CNWS, 2003), 125.
- 22. Cynthia Viallé, “Cellaret,” in Asia in Amsterdam: The Culture of Luxury in the Golden Age, ed. Karina Corrigan, Jan van Campen, and Femke Diercks (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015), 112–13, cat. 28.
- 23. Cynthia Viallé, “Tot schenkagie daar het te pas comen sal,” Aziatische Kunst 23 (1993): 17.
- 24. The Dutch had access to red velvet from both Persia and the Dutch Republic. It is uncertain which type was used in this box.
- 25. Each bottle features a repeating scene of a woman wearing a kimono in a landscape with bamboo, flowers, and butterflies painted in red, green, yellow, and black. The tulipwood box, lined with red velvet, is adorned with brass strapwork and fittings and was made in Europe. One of the original nine porcelain bottles was lost at some point and replaced with a convincing replica, also made in Europe, in the late eighteenth century. “A Highly Important Set of Kakiemon Bottles in a Fitted Flemish Casket: The Property of Monsieur Louis Lavie of Switzerland,” Sotheby’s, London, June 7, 1990.
- 26. See two porcelain bottles in the collection of the Leiden Museum Volkenkunde (RV-3822-1 and 4365-4).
- 27. It appears that glass case bottles were made to order in Batavia as well, as indicated by a request from the VOC establishment in Bengal for cellarets with glass bottles of around three liters in capacity and with silver screw tops. Viallé, “On Gift-Giving,” 311.
- 28. The designations of “fine” and “curious” were commonly used as positive descriptions for porcelain in Dutch records. It is still uncertain exactly how these terms were understood, although they appear to be used in contrast to those wares that were designated for “everyday use.” Menno Fitski, Kakiemon Porcelain: A Handbook (Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2011), 16.
- 29. Viallé proposed that they were all of the same size because each bottle was valued at fifty condrijns. “Tot schenkagie,” 13.
- 30. Wooden models and samples in earthenware were sent as guides for porcelain and glass vessel shapes. Christiaan Jörg and Oliver Impey, Fine and Curious: Japanese Export Porcelain in Dutch Collections (Amsterdam: Hotei, 2003), 209; Viallé, “On Gift-Giving,” 311.
- 31. The average height dimension of the porcelain bottles, six inches, was likely taken with the cap on. By contrast, the height measurements that I have provided for the glass examples are without stoppers or caps, as these parts are missing for most examples.
- 32. The Dutch soon realized that they could produce these boxes more cheaply in Batavia, although the porcelain vessels had to be imported from Arita. Viallé, “Tot schenkagie,” 11; Jan van Campen and Ebeltje Hartkamp-Jonxis, Asian Splendour: Company Art in the Rijksmuseum(Zutphen: Walberg, 2011), 17.
- 33. “Extremely Rare Dutch Colonial Decanter Case.”
- 34. Cynthia Viallé, “In Aid of Trade: Dutch Gift-Giving in Tokugawa Japan,” Daigaku shiryohensanjo kenkyu kiyo 16 (2006): 57–78; Viallé, “On Gift-Giving”; Adam Clulow, The Company and the Shogun: The Dutch Encounter with Tokugawa Japan (New York: Columbia University Press, 2013); Chaiklin, Cultural Commerce.
- 35. In general, four-sided bottles of porcelain with narrow necks were used for beverages or medicine, but the more utilitarian examples were much cheaper than the ones that were intended as gifts. Moreover, those made for alcohol were generally larger than the Rijksmuseum examples, and those made for apothecary purposes were often smaller. Viallé, “Tot Schenkagie,” 6, 17. In regard to the function of the glass examples from India, Digby asserted that cups and saucers were “found, usually in association with the bottles.” Yet this proposal appears to be overstated, for only two examples of bottles in sets with cups have been identified (Liège 67/15 and 67/16a, and V&A C.143-1936). Digby, “Corpus,” 94; Carboni, Glass of the Sultans, 276; Markel, “Indian,” 88.
- 36. In regard to the considerable loss of gift items over time and the difficulty of matching extant objects with particular diplomatic events, see Zoltán Biedermann, Anne Gerritsen, and Giorgio Riello, “Introduction,” in Global Gifts: The Material Culture of Diplomacy in Early Modern Eurasia, ed. Zoltán Biedermann, Anne Gerritsen, and Giorgio Riello (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018), 18.
- 7. Extract den Schenkagien gedaan, August 19, 1719, VOC 1964, 196, National Archives, The Hague; Willem van den Bergh, Jacob Akersloot, Ras Macquet, and Jean Alphonse de Cailliou (Mocha) to Batavia, August 15, 1735, VOC 9111, 50, National Archives, The Hague.
- 38. This study owes a great deal to Viallé’s meticulous and synthesizing archival work, which was published only in Dutch (1993), and thus has not circulated far beyond specialist circles. I expand upon her work by looking further into the distribution of these boxes, while also contributing the important perspective from Yemen.
- 39. The total of 101 ounces was divided into 24 ounces of clove oil, 20 ounces of nutmeg oil, 22¼ ounces of mace oil, 23¼ ounces of cinnamon oils, and 11½ ounces of sandalwood oil. Viallé, “Tot schenkagie,” 14.
- 40. Van Campen and Hartkamp-Jonxis, Asian Splendour, 18.
- 41. The practice of “re-gifting” was common in early modern maritime Asia. As E. van Donzel relates, the Dutch quickly re-gifted a zebra received from Ethiopia to the emperor of Japan in 1675. Foreign Relations of Ethiopia, 1642–1700: Documents relating to Khodja Murad, Uitgaven van het Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te Istanbul 46 (Istanbul: Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut, 1979), 48.
- 42. Bhawan Ruangsilp, Dutch East India Company Merchants at the Court of Ayutthaya: Dutch Perceptions of the Thai Kingdom, ca. 1604–1765 (Leiden: Brill, 2007).
- 43. Ibid., 138; Giorgio Riello, “‘With Great Pomp and Magnificence’: Royal Gifts and the Embassies between Siam and France in the Late Seventeenth Century,” in Biedermann, Gerritsen, and Riello, Global Gifts, 251–52.
- 44. For a discussion of the French interest in Siam and relations with Narai, see Meredith Martin, “Mirror Reflections: Louis XIV, Phra Narai, and the Material Culture of Kingship,” in “Objects in Motion in the Early Modern World,” ed. Meredith Martin and Daniela Bleichmar, special issue, Art History 38, no. 4 (September 2015): 652–67.
- 45. Ruangsilp, Dutch, 159.
- 46. Matteo Salvadore, “Muslim Partners, Catholic Foes: The Selective Isolation of Gondarine Ethiopia,” Northeast African Studies 12, no. 1 (2012): 53.
- 47. The VOC documents refer to both only by their titles, Alaf Sajad and Ajam Sajad.
- 48. In 1691, the VOC also sent some textiles and two large bronze bells made in Holland. The bells were installed in a local church and were witnessed in the nineteenth century. Van Donzel, Foreign Relations, 84–86.
- 49. The 1691 gift is mentioned in two letters, one in Dutch and the other translated into Arabic. Only the Arabic version refers to the bottles, probably incorrectly, as “Chinese containers.” We do not know the exact contents of the 1696 box. Van Donzel, Foreign Relations, 67, 70; Viallé, “Tot schenkagie,” 15; Enno Littmann, “Iets over de betrekkingen tusschen Nederland en Abessinië in de zeventiende eeuw,” Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde 54, no. 1 (1902): 494–95.
- 50. Van Donzel, Foreign Relations, 39–43.
- 51. Abraham Pantzer and Gabriel Scholten (Mocha) to Imam al-Mutawakkil Qasim (Sanaa), VOC 1964, 189–190, National Archives, The Hague.
- 52. Extract den Schenkagien gedaan, August 19, 1719, VOC 1964, 196.
- 53. Among the corpus of sixty-eight Indian glass bottles studied, thirteen are between two and four and three-quarters inches in height and could have been used for smaller quantities of oil, such as those tendered to the imam of Yemen.
- 54. Yemen was the first place where coffee was cultivated on a large scale for global consumption and served as the major world emporium for the beans until the 1730s, when European cultivation attempts finally became successful. Nancy Um, “1636 and 1726: Yemen after the First Ottoman Era,” in Asia Inside Out: Changing Times, ed. E. Tagliacozzo, H. Siu, and P. Purdue (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015), 112–34.
- 55. Van den Bergh et al. to Batavia, August 15, 1735, VOC 9111, 50.
- 56. John E. Wills, Embassies and Illusions: Dutch and Portuguese Envoys to K’ang-hsi, 1666–1687 (Cambridge, MA: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University, 1984), 145–69.
- 57. Viallé, “On Gift-Giving,” 295.
- 58. Jan Vixseboxse, Een Hollandsch Gezantschap naar China in de Zeventiende Eeuw (1685–1687) (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1945), 30–34.
- 59. Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann, “The Impact of the Dutch on Taiwan and China,” in Kaufmann and North, Mediating Netherlandish Art, 221–25.
- 60. Viallé, “On Gift-Giving,” 307.
- 61. Leonard Blussé, “No Boats to China: The Dutch East India Company and the Changing Pattern of the China Sea Trade, 1635–1690,” Modern Asian Studies 30, no. 1 (February 1996): 51.
- 62. Zoltán Biedermann, “Diplomatic Ivories: Sri Lankan Caskets and the Portuguese-Asian Exchange in the Sixteenth Century,” in Biedermann, Gerritsen, and Riello, Global Gifts, 116.
- 63. Viallé, “On Gift-Giving,” 307.
- 64. Extract den Schenkagien gedaan, August 19, 1719, VOC 1964, 196.
- 65. Viallé, “Tot schenkagie,” 14.
- 66. In regard to Surat, see ibid. For Bengal, see Viallé, “To Capture Their Favor,” 311.
- 67. Van den Bergh et al. to Batavia, August 15, 1735, VOC 9111, 49.
- 68. VOC merchants in Yemen usually resisted including the imam in their yearly sphere of customary gifts, which was directed mainly at the provincial officials in the coastal lowlands who directly facilitated their trade. Nancy Um, “Order in the ‘Arbitrary’: The Distribution, Content, and Temporal Cycles of English Merchant Tribute in Eighteenth-Century Yemen,” Journal of Early Modern History 18, no. 3 (2014): 248–52; Um, Shipped but Not Sold: Material Culture and the Social Protocols of Trade during Yemen’s Age of Coffee (Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 2017), 76–79.
- 69. Leonard Blussé, “Amongst Feigned Friends and Declared Enemies,” in Making Sense of Global History, ed. Solvi Sogner (Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 2001), 154–68.
- 70. T. B. H. Abeysinghe, “Embassies as Instruments of Diplomacy: A Case-Study from Sri Lanka in the First Half of the Eighteenth Century,” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Sri Lanka Branch, n.s., 30 (1985/86): 1.
- 71. Blussé, “Amongst Feigned Friends,” 155.
- 72. The governor-general of Batavia from 1691 to 1704, Willem van Outhoorn, owned “a box of aromatic oils from Ambon,” which may have been a box of this type, although no other details are given. Indeed, he possessed a number of valuable Asian-made household goods and was in a unique position to gain access to objects that would otherwise be reserved for diplomatic bestowal. Jan van Campen, “The Hybrid World of Batavia,” in Corrigan, Van Campen, and Diercks, Asia in Amsterdam, 37, 46.
- 73. As with the glass and porcelain examples, there are also a number of loose lacquer bottles with square bases that appear to have once been parts of larger sets and may have also been boxed. Oliver Impey and Christiaan Jörg, Japanese Export Lacquer: 1580–1850 (Amsterdam: Hotei), 100–102.
- 74. “Extremely Rare Dutch Colonial Decanter Case.”
- 75. Most of the boxes are padded with velvet linings that tightly enveloped the bottles. The Corning box once had an inset base, presumably for stabilization, which is now lost, visible only through the traces of discoloration left on the box’s interior.
- 76. Chaiklin, Cultural Commerce, 128; Viallé, “Tot schenkagie,” 6.
- 77. One of the few scholars to take up the question of VOC alcohol provisioning was Joji Nozawa, for Deshima. “Wine as a Luxury at the Dutch Factory in Japan during the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century,” in Luxury in the Low Countries, ed. R. C. Rittersma (Brussels: Pharo, 2010), 85–108. For archaeological evidence of Dutch case bottles in the Indian Ocean, see Schrire, “Glass Collections,” 187–203.
- 78. Cecil Munsey, Gin Bottles: A Pictorial Essay (2009), figs. 75, 76, 77, accessed April 20, 2018, http://www.cecilmunsey.com/images/1238_GIN_BOTTLES.pdf. Munsey suggests that this essay is simply a reprint of a chapter from his longer published book, but the images of boxed case bottles that appear in the online version (without legible attribution) are not featured in the original volume, even if the text is almost identical. Compare The Illustrated Guide to Collecting Bottles (New York: Charles B. Gardner, 1970), 84–86.
- 79. This approach is inspired by Anne Gerritsen, who used a nineteenth-century soy sauce bottle as a springboard to think about the history of its liquid contents, now lost. “The Global Life of a Soya Bottle,” unpublished lecture, Leiden University, December 12, 2014.
- 80. The box given to Phetracha in 1688 was made of sandalwood and contained eleven and one-half ounces of sandalwood oil, among other types, within. The one given to Emperor Iyasu of Ethiopia in 1691 was also made of sandalwood with sixteen ounces of the same oil within. Viallé, “Tot schenkagie,” 14–15.
- 81. Avinoam Shalem, “Performance of the Object,” in Gifts of the Sultans: The Arts of Giving at the Islamic Courts, ed. Linda Komaroff (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011), 111.
- 82. Emma Flatt, “Spices, Smells and Spells: The Use of Olfactory Substances in the Conjuring of Spirits,” South Asian Studies 32, no. 1 (2016): 11–12.
- 83. Viallé, “Tot schenkagie,” 13.
- 84. Viallé, “On Gift-Giving,” 291.
- 85. Ibid., 302.
- 86. Ibid.
- 87. As an inversion, Biedermann’s article focuses only on containers—ivory caskets—rather than the contents, now lost. “Diplomatic Ivories.”
- 88. Andrew Shryock and Daniel Lord Smail, “On Containers: A Forum; Introduction,” History and Anthropology 29, no. 1 (2018): 2.
- 89. Viallé, “On Gift-Giving.”
- 90. Claudia Swan, “Dutch Diplomacy and Rariteyten Episodes in the History of Material Culture of the Dutch Republic,” in Biedermann, Gerritsen, and Riello, Global Gifts, 171–97.
- 91. As a model for reading the intended and received meanings of particular gifts in the seventeenth-century Dutch sphere, see Carrie Anderson, “Material Mediators: Johan Maurits, Textiles, and the Art of Diplomatic Exchange,” Journal of Early Modern History 20, no. 1 (2016): 63–85.
- 92. Adam Clulow, “Gifts for the Shogun: The Dutch East India Company, Global Networks and Tokugawa Japan,” in Biedermann, Gerritsen, and Riello, Global Gifts, 215. | <urn:uuid:eb0bc0dc-5a20-42c3-a48a-03bf87ec4f66> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.west86th.bgc.bard.edu/articles/nested-containers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.957972 | 17,090 | 2.59375 | 3 |
How critical is skill gap analysis in Digital HR?
Skill gap analysis has been recognized as one of the most important tool to understand an organization’s need, like hiring, training the employee. Any way there are several organizations that don’t have a structured process for such analysis. Most organizations don’t consider it important. With the rapid growth and digitization of HR department, the usage of tools like Skill gap analysis is considered to be essential. The usage of skill gap analysis helps the HR department to write well-crafted job descriptions leading to better candidates and ultimately stronger new team members.
Skill Gap Analysis:
Skill gap analysis or Talent gap analysis is a tool to identify current and projected training and hiring requirements within an organization. In other words, it is a process that helps in determining the gap between the present skills and competencies.
The Process of Talent Gap Analysis:
The process of talent gap analysis contains four steps. These four steps of the talent gap analysis process are as follows:
Step 1: Planning
Whatever the industry is data and planning plays a vital role. Organizations work at two levels, they are the individual level and the organizational level. Considering the individual level, it helps to get the skills required to carry out a certain role and to then map the employee’s current skill level to that role.
When it comes to organizational level, it requires the HR department to look at the team of employees as a whole to check what skills and competencies could be upgraded through training.
Step 2: Mapping Skills Hierarchy.
To Analysis the skills of an employee, it is necessary to segregate skills into a hierarchy based on immediacy, applicability, and sustainability. Usually companies consider agility, flexibility and creativity to segregate skills, but immediacy, applicability and sustainability have proven more effective.
Step 3: Plotting Employee’s Current Skills.
Plotting the current skills on the vision map will help the HR figure the skills and the level of talent that the organization needs. The present methods used to track where the organization stands are assessments and surveys that employees and their managers could fill out, in-depth employee interview, and performance reviews.
Step 4: Execution.
Any kind of gap in Skill analysis can be filled with two ways, training and recruitment. As soon as the HR finds out what kind of gaps lay in the skills of employees, those gaps can be filled by training the employee to gain the skill, or a new employee can be recruited to fill the gap.
For your organisations, digital transformation with skills gap analysis, check out It’s Your Skill’s high performing skill ontology based skill profiling process and let us know the feedback. | <urn:uuid:b2459945-5afb-4c9c-8988-b94f016301bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.itsyourskills.com/how-critical-is-skill-gap-analysis-in-digital-hr/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.942492 | 556 | 2.703125 | 3 |
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How many types of poultry birds do you know aside from Chicken, Turkey, and Duck?
Let me know in the comment section.
Many times, when people talk about going into poultry farming, what is in their mind is investing in chicken farming and sometimes turkey farming.
There are different types of poultry birds you can raise aside from chicken which is the most common poultry bird that people invest in.
In this article, I will be talking about 7 different types of poultry you can start as a farmer.
Types of Poultry Birds
The first type of poultry you can go into is turkey. Turkeys are bigger and larger than any type of poultry bird you can think of.
Turkeys are first raised in Mexico after World War II and are commonly raised in Canada, North America, and the United State Of America.
The modern turkeys raised are descendants of the wild turkey called Meleagris gallopavo. Turkeys are raised mainly for commercial purposes (meat production). They also lay eggs for consumption but this is not common.
The amazing thing about turkey is the fact that in some part of Africa, they are being raised as a pet at home and also as a form of security.
The male turkey is always bigger than the female one and they usually weigh between 5 and 11 kg while the female turkeys weigh between 2.5 kg and 6 kg. It takes an average of 19 weeks or approximately 5 months to attain slaughter size.
The average lifespan of a domestic turkey is 10 years.
Turkeys can be raised in an open space or build a coop to raise them.
The classes of turkeys are:
- Roasters – They are younger turkeys under 16 weeks or 4 months
- Hens – They are female turkeys and always around 21 weeks or 5 months
- Tom – These are turkeys that are 52 weeks or 12 months old.
- Mature – They are turkeys that are over 65 weeks or 15 months old.
The most common breeds of turkey are: Beltsville Small white, Black turkey, Blue State, Bourbon Reds, and so on.
Turkey hens produce 45 poults every year and it takes 28 days for turkey eggs to hatch.
They are mostly killed for consumption during thanksgiving and Christmas.
The second type of poultry bird you can raise is Duck.
Ducks are water birds usually smaller than geese and swan. Ducks are not commonly raised unlike turkey, chicken, etc. They are commonly raised in England, the Netherlands, and the United State of America.
Ducks are commonly raised for egg production, meat consumption and their feathers are good sources of money. An average duck weighs around 0.72 kg and 1.6 kg
The male duck is called Drake while the female duck is called duck. The average lifespan of Mallard is 5 years.
There are 12 types of ducks which are:
- Dabbling ducks
- Diving duck
- Perching Duck
- Sea Duck
- Whistling Duck and
- Domestic Duck
There are over 40 breeds of duck but the most common ones you can raise domestically are Cayuga, Call, Campbell, Pekin, Indian Runner, and Muscovy.
Ducks lay an average of 300 eggs every year.
The third type of poultry you can raise is Geese. Just like ducks, geese are aquatic animals and the most common type of geese that are raised as poultry is the grey geese.
Geese are grouped into two main categories which are the genera Anser and Branta.
They are the first set of poultry birds to be domesticated. The greylag goose was first raised in Europe, Western, and Northern Africa. The swan goose was first raised in Eastern Asia and is commonly called the Chinese geese.
They are raised similarly to ducks for egg production, meat production and their feathers are also have some value. Geese were domestically raised in Egypt over 3,000 years ago.
The average weight of male geese is 5.2kg while that of the female is 4.8 kg.
Goose has an average lifespan of 31 years.
The most common breeds of geese are Embden, Czechoslovakian White, huoyan goose, Kuban, lands, and Toulouse.
The male geese line produces an average of 55 to 65 eggs while the female line produces an average of 60 to 70 eggs a year.
4. Guinea Fowl
The next type of poultry bird you can raise is Guinea Fowl. Domesticated guinea fowl is called Pintades. They are of the Numididae family (Galliformes)
Guinea fowl originate from Africa and are mostly raised for meat consumption.
The amazing thing about raising guinea fowl is that they can be used to control ticks on the farm. They are known for their vocal feature and they are used as security for other birds on the farm.
Guinea fowl usually weigh about 1 to 1.5kg at 12 weeks when they are ready to be sold and slaughtered.
The average lifespan of guinea is between 10 and 15 years.
There are 3 varieties of guinea fowl which are pearl, lavender, and white. You can also cross guinea fowl with chickens.
The most common breeds of guinea fowl are:
- White-breasted guineafowl
- Black guineafowl
- Helmeted guineafowl
- Plumed guineafowl
- Crested guineafowl
- Vulturine guineafowl
- Numida meleagris.
They lay around 30 eggs in a deep nest. Ducks hide the nests they build before laying eggs and also share them with other hens. Their eggs are smaller and are darker whitish.
Guinea fowl meat is drier than chicken and turkey meat and the eggs are smaller and darker compared to chicken eggs. They have an incubation period of 28 days and when the eggs are hatched, they are called Keets.
Fifth on the list of the types of poultry birds you can raise in you farm is Quail
They are mid-sized birds classified among the game birds in the families of Phasianidae and Odontophoridae. Quail has roughly 130 species.
Quails are raised for meat consumption and egg production with the egg used as medicine for most types of diseases. China is the world’s largest producer of quail meat with 160,000,000kg per year.
The average life span of quail within 3 to 5 years and weigh around 0.096kg.
Their main food is insects although they eat seeds, leaves, and berries.
The most common species of quail are:
- Japanese quail (Coturnix)
- Italian Quail
- English White quail
- British Range quail
- Ornamental quail
- Gambel’s quail
They lay an average of 200 eggs in a year and it takes around 23 days to hatch their eggs.
This next type of poultry bird is the most common raised all over the world. Chickens are multi-purpose birds (egg production and meat consumption). As of 2018, there are 30 billion chickens in the world. Chickens are also raised as pets.
In the United States, Canada, and Australia, male chickens over one year are called cocks while in the UK and Ireland, they are known as cocks.
Chickens can weigh from 3.4 kg to 3.9 kg and have a life span of 5 to 10 years.
The common breeds of chicken classified into 3 (Americal, Mediterranean, and English) are
- Rhode Island (Red and White)
- New Hampshire
Chickens start laying from 16 weeks depending on the type and breed you are raising. A chicken lays eggs every 24 – 26 hours and can produce up to 240 eggs in a year.
The last type of poultry that you can raise is Pigeon. Pigeons are part of the Columbidae family alongside Doves. Young domestic pigeons are called squab and are derived from Rock dove (also known as Rock pigeons).
They are raised for sports and as a messenger and mainly for meat consumption. Pigeons are more of a hobby bird than a commercial purpose bird.
Pigeons weigh around 2.1 kg and have a life span of 6 years.
The most common types of pigeon are:
- Fancy breed
- Utility breed
Pigeons nest when they are around 25 to 30 days. They lay around 24 eggs in a year.
There are some other types of poultry birds you can go into. They are but not limited to Emu, Ostrich, pheasant, peacock, and so on.
Depending on your location, some of the birds might not be easy to raise but I can guaranty you that at least 4 on the list are what you can start immediately and make money from them.
I will like to know of the types of poultry birds mentioned in the article, which will you raise on your farm?
If you find this piece useful, do well to share it.
You can as well check the article where I compared two of the most lucrative agriculture business, poultry, and catfish farming. | <urn:uuid:cacb2729-956c-4733-8773-d74d77dd8d23> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://agricfy.com/types-of-poultry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.958722 | 2,073 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Web design and website development are today one of the integral segments of every business. Precisely determining the target group of users helps us to create a better site. Your future website should attract the attention of visitors, but also be functional and usable. That is why we try to adapt and bring all the pages of your site closer to all users.
One of the most important parts of a website is the company logo itself. It is your stamp and something that people will recognize you by. The logo itself should follow the design of a website and vice versa.
Our clients are our best reference and their satisfaction with the completed project is our greatest success.
Why is it important for your site to be run by professionals? This is a question asked by everyone who is making sites for their companies or personal needs for the first time. We usually come to the answer that it is cheaper if your site is run by people who have not been in this business for a long time. Yes, it is true that it is cheaper. But why?
If it is important to you that you only have a website that serves no purpose but just stands on the Internet, then we agree with you. But a website is not just a site that will be set up on the internet and just be there. Before creating a web presentation, it is necessary to research the market and competitors, and primarily take into account the design and functionality. It is also important to determine the target group that visits you and what is the goal of your website.
We have already said that a website should not be just like that on the web, but it is necessary to attract future clients and customers. It is clear as day that the design of the page affects sales. Also, easy coordination through the website will ensure that users always come back. It is very important to adapt the site to the end user because the goal is for him to use your services and products. The web portal should be your stamp by which everyone will recognize you and users will use your services. It is very important that your site is run by professionals in their field.
In addition to functionality, your website must be adaptable to mobile devices as well as all browsers. Care must also be taken to adapt the functionalities to the devices themselves and to the different screen sizes.
When choosing a company that will work on your site, it is very important to take into account their references. References are a very important segment and an indicator of how serious a company is in its business. Take a look at the areas in which they have operated and the diversity only shows how flexible they are.
Reference is the best indicator of seriousness
Why is it important for your site to be run by professionals? If you think it is us contact us. | <urn:uuid:0bc89c4e-7da6-4360-a2ef-7c218bb729b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://archangeldesign.rs/en/portfolio-item/web-design-and-programming/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.975616 | 569 | 1.710938 | 2 |
The diary of Anne Frank Twentieth Century Fox presents a Cinemascope picture ; screenplay by Frances Goodrich and Albert Hackett ; produced and directed by George Stevens.
Nazi-occupied Amsterdam. Otto Frank and his family have decided to go into hiding due to the increasing persecutions against Jews. Businessman Kraler and his assistant Miep prepare a hiding place in the attic rooms above their place of business. They arrange for the Frank and Van Daan families to stay there. Later on, they are joined by the dentist Dussel. Anne Frank is Otto's 13-year-old daughter. She writes about the remarkable account of their lives, their growing fear of discovery, their deplorable living conditions and even the blooming of her first love. Together, they try to avoid detection while hoping that Holland will be liberated by the Allies.
- Other Title
- Achterhuis. English.
- Variant Title
- George Stevens' production of The diary of Anne Frank
- Beverly Hills, Calif. : 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment,
- 50th anniversary ed
Record last modified: 2010-01-14 15:50:00
This page: https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/bib155312 | <urn:uuid:5ef0744b-d959-43fd-8727-0e8343ffc8cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/bib155312 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.927675 | 292 | 2.125 | 2 |
What Is The Limitation Of Relative Dating?
The limitation of the relative dating of fossils is that it does not give the absolute age of the fossils that were preserved.
What are two limitations of relative age dating?
: The biggest disadvantage of the relative dating method is that it does not provide an age in years. Also relative dating can only determine the sequential order in which a series of events occurred not when they occur.
What are limitations of absolute dating?
Absolute dating has another important weakness in the type of material that can be dated. For any material to be datable it is important to note that the material must be radioactive material. All the materials dated must always have the radioactive property for the absolute method to be appropriate.
What can complicate relative dating?
Relative dating is used commonly when looking at the relative order of geological events. What can complicate relative dating is when the strata is not the right way up! Sometimes beds of rock can turn over the other way so be very cautious when relatively dating rocks!
What relative dating Cannot tell us?
What are the laws of relative dating?
What are the 4 principles of relative dating?
- Uniformitarianism. …
- Intrusive relationships. …
- Cross-cutting relationships. …
- Inclusions and components. …
- Original horizontality. …
- Superposition. …
- Faunal succession. …
- Lateral continuity.
What are some limitations of this method of dating?
- the size of the sample.
- the type of sample.
- contamination of the sample.
- the type of associated geo-archaeological materials.
- the need to minimise destructive testing.
- the chronologies involved.
What are the 2 limitations to using C 14 for dating?
The method has limitations: Samples can be contaminated by other carbon-containing materials like the soil that surrounds some bones or labels that contain animal-based glue. Inorganic materials can’t be dated using radiocarbon analysis and the method can be prohibitively expensive.
What is relative and absolute dating?
How difficult is relative dating?
How is relative dating inaccurate?
Drawbacks of relative dating methods
Sediments are usually laid down in horizontal beds. Any observable tilting or swirling is due to disruption of the process. This should be reflected in the dating. Material that intrudes or cuts into a horizontal bed is assumed to be younger than the material that is disrupted.
What are the 3 laws of relative dating?
How relative dating is being used?
Relative dating is used to arrange geological events and the rocks they leave behind in a sequence. The method of reading the order is called stratigraphy (layers of rock are called strata). … Sedimentary rocks are normally laid down in order one on top of another.
Is cultural dating relative or absolute?
Relative dating includes methods that rely on the analysis of comparative data or the context (eg geological regional cultural) in which the object one wishes to date is found. This approach helps to order events chronologically but it does not provide the absolute age of an object expressed in years.
Is half life relative or absolute?
|Half-life||1.3 billion years|
|Aging of Rocks or Fossils||Earth’s oldest rocks|
What are the key principles of relative dating quizlet?
- Principle of Original Horizontality. …
- Principle of Lateral Continuity. …
- Principle of Superposition. …
- Principle of Inclusions. …
- Principle of Cross-cutting Relationships. …
- Principle of Unconformities. …
- Principle of Fossil Succession.
What is the assumption being made when scientists date objects by relative dating?
What is the most important principle of relative dating?
How are isotopes used in absolute dating?
Isotopes are important to geologists because each radioactive element decays at a constant rate which is unique to that element. These rates of decay are known so if you can measure the proportion of parent and daughter isotopes in rocks now you can calculate when the rocks were formed.
What is the maximum limit of carbon 14 dating?
What are three challenges or limitations of radiometric dating?
- The material being dated must have measurable amounts of the parent and/or the daughter isotopes.
- Radiometric dating can be done on only some materials. It is not useful for determining the age of sedimentary rocks.
What are the limits of carbon 14 dating?
Radiocarbon dating is therefore limited to objects that are younger than 50 000 to 60 000 years or so. (Since humans have only existed in the Americas for approximately 12 000 years this is not a serious limitation to southwest archaeology.) Radiocarbon dating is also susceptible to contamination.
What are the limitations of uranium 238 dating?
The more lead the rock contains the older it is. The long half-life of uranium-238 makes it possible to date only the oldest rocks. This method is not reliable for measuring the age of rocks less than 10 million years old because so little of the uranium will have decayed within that period of time.
What is a limitation of using radioisotopes to date rocks and fossils?
Fossils are almost never found in igneous rocks. So radioactive dating can not be used to directly date fossils. The one exception is Carbon 14. However Carbon 14 has a relatively short half life so it cannot be used on fossils much older than 50 000 years which makes it useful for anthropology but not geo history.
What is the limit in using carbon 14 as a measure to determine a fossil’s age?
What is relative dating fossils?
Scientists use two approaches to date rocks and fossils. Relative age dating is used to determine whether one rock layer (or the fossils in it) are older or younger than another base on their relative position: younger rocks are positioned on top of older rocks.
How is relative age different from the actual date of an event?
How is relative age different from the actual date of an event? Relative age only tells us the order in which events occurred from the earliest to the most recent. Knowing the actual date of an event allows us to say exactly how old something is or how long ago it actually took place.
How do relative and absolute dating techniques were used to establish the geologic time scale?
Scientists use the geologic time scale to illustrate the order in which events on Earth have happened. … They used relative dating to divide Earth’s past in several chunks of time when similar organisms were on Earth. Later scientists used absolute dating to determine the actual number of years ago that events happened.
What’s the difference between relative dating and radiometric dating?
What are the basic principles of relative dating method?
Relative Dating Principles
1: Lower strata are older than those lying on top of them. Principle of Superposition: In an otherwise undisturbed sequence of sedimentary strata or rock layers the layers on the bottom are the oldest and layers above them are younger.
What are the 4 Principles of Geology?
- Original horizontality.
- Cross-cutting relationships.
- Walther’s Law.
What is relative dating quizlet?
Relative dating. The process of determining whether an object or event is older or younger than other objects or events.
Which information can be obtained by using relative dating methods?
The information about sequential order of the event occurred in the past can be obtained by using only relative dating method.
Relative Dating vs Absolute Dating
Principles of relative dating
Relative Dating – Example 1 | <urn:uuid:83b3907e-6a92-4a51-882b-1dbb72f42b1c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.microblife.in/what-is-the-limitation-of-relative-dating/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.910537 | 1,631 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Implementing Responsive Design with Media
Look! We’ve figured it seventeen different ways, and every time we figured it, it was no good, because no matter how we figured it, somebody don’t like the way we figured it.
—BUDDY HACKETT AS BENJY BENJAMIN IN IT’S A MAD MAD MAD MAD WORLD
When it comes to rich experiences online, we have a love/hate relationship. On one hand, beautiful images and interesting videos help to provide a deeper, more pleasant experience. On the other hand, including many images and videos on a page results in a slow loading time, which can be very frustrating. It takes careful consideration and planning to give our users the best of both worlds: a beautiful experience that loads as quickly as possible.
Using the methods outlined in the first three chapters, we’ve built ourselves a responsive site. It looks good on desktops, on tablet devices, and on smartphones. Users can resize the browser window to their hearts’ content, and the layout will adjust accordingly. If delivering a responsive approach were this easy, this book would be short indeed. There’s still plenty of room to tidy things up. The images, in particular, are an issue.
In this chapter, we’ll discuss:
- Why performance matters
- How to conditionally load images
- What responsive image solutions are available, and their limitations
- How to swap out background images without downloading multiple images
- How to conditionally load web fonts
- What’s ahead for responsive images
- How to make embedded video scale while maintaining its aspect ratio
- What to do with responsive advertising
What’s the problem?
Once we hit the final breakpoint (1300px), the images associated with the “More in Football” section look a little worse for wear. Other than that, the images appear sharp and crisp.
We could probably improve the lead-in photograph for small screens. If the small version of the image were more tightly cropped, the image would maintain its initial impact, even when scaled down on the small screen. As it is, the flag and foot start to get lost at such a small size (Figure 4.1).
Figure 4.1. On small-screens, the flag and foot in the main image start to lose their impact.
The main problem though is not in how the images look, but in how much they weigh, how much demand they place on performance. Currently, the same images are being loaded regardless of the device in use. That means, for example, the 624px lead-in image is being downloaded even on small screens where a 350px image is all that’s needed. The page performance is suffering, and that’s a big deal to people visiting the site.
Unfortunately, performance is treated as an afterthought on many projects. A quick look at the data reveals that it should be anything but.
Most of us working with the Web have faster connections than the average Internet user. As a result, we experience the Web differently. Our users, however, are keenly aware of how painful it is to use a poorly performing site.
In 2009, the major shopping comparison site Shopzilla improved its page load time from 4 to 6 seconds to 1.5 seconds. The results were stunning. The site’s conversion rate increased by 7 to 12 percent and page views jumped a whopping 25 percent.1
Mozilla found similar results when it trimmed page load time by 2.2 seconds: download conversions went up by 15.4 percent, which translated into an estimated 10.28 million additional downloads of Firefox per year!2
The situation is much more dire for mobile phones. Networks are slower, hardware is less capable, and you have to deal with the messy world of data limitations and transcoding methods. In spite of all this, user expectations remain the same. In fact, 71 percent of mobile users expect sites to load on their phones as quickly as or faster than on their home computers.3
This is bad news for our site as it currently stands. Both the logo and article lead-in photo are very large. The article lead-in photo is 624px wide and weighs around 50KB. The small-screen layout could get away with using a much smaller image (somewhere around 300px), but we’re still passing along the large desktop image instead of something more appropriate. Removing the amount of data sent down the pipe is an important consideration, and one we can’t afford to ignore.
A quick assessment of the page reveals the following images that could be optimized:
- The images for the “More in Football” section. Each of these is only 300px, but they’re really not needed on the small screen. In fact, they take up a lot of screen real estate and look out of proportion with the content (Figure 4.2). On the small screen, users have a better experience if only the headlines are displayed—not the images.
Figure 4.2. The images in the “More Football” section take up a lot of precious screen real estate on small-screen devices.
- The article lead-in image. The lead-in image is a whopping 624px and weighs in at just under 50KB. On small screens, an image half the size would work just as well. In addition, if the small-screen version of the image was more tightly cropped, the visual focus on the flag would be stronger.
- The logo. The logo weighs in at 10KB, so it’s much lighter than the lead-in article. It is, again, about twice as big as it needs to be. | <urn:uuid:9b8c3526-d8f8-48fe-bf60-3bd6dcef9f0b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.peachpit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=1929616 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.949985 | 1,202 | 1.890625 | 2 |
The city of Copenhagen intends to become the first carbon neutral capital city in the world by 2025 and is already on its way to reduce carbon emissions by 2015 to 20 per cent. The Danish government is already on its way to oxygenate the city by installing green rooftops making the green, the new black of the town. Carbon dioxide (CO2) being the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities is one of the thorniest challenges facing the world today.
The world’s biggest cities turn to sunshine, wind, water and waste to bolster energy grids to accommodate population growth and thrive without further accelerating the release of CO2. Amid the hum of machinery and warm odor of putrefying autumn leaves, the French city’s urban waste research development had quoted how three giant fermenters can convert household food waste, trimmings from parks and gardens and the slops from school and hospital canteens into enough methane gas so as to power about a third of the buses in the French city.
San Francisco, US, is the first city to make it a crime to not compost food and waste in city bins, in a bid to cut landfill use to zero. All new and renovated buildings are required to install solar panels to supply at least 60 per cent of the energy needed to heat water in Barcelona, Spain. More Londoners are riding buses and bicycles and congestion fee is being levied at high-traffic areas that have reduced traffic jams and carbon dioxide emissions. Distilling energy from the excrement of citizens, waste from restaurants and the mountains of unsold sandwiches left in supermarket refrigerators is one green way of Lille, France.
In all, it will require these pocket-sized different approaches to whittle down society’s impact on the planet.
Now how can India spread her green wings with the World?
One, we must ensure that any political outcome fully endorses the principles and provisions of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), in particular the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities”. Stripped of its jargonistic flourishes, what this principle boils down to is the principle of equitable burden sharing.
Now those who are most responsible for climate change should bear the larger burden. Those who have greater economic capabilities should make a larger contribution. It is extremely important that this principle be reaffirmed.
Two, what happens on adaptation and technology will depend upon the availability of financial resources from developed countries. With the growing inflation of Dollars, if George Washington makes one facial expression, Gandhiji has to pull 70 expressions at once. The main beneficiaries of public funds are likely to be least to developed economies and small island developing states, rather than a feasible large economy like India. While these may muster as a stop-gap arrangement, the danger is much a diluted outcome for subsequent negotiations.
Three, an important feature of the UNFCCC is that there is a clear distinction drawn between developed countries on the one hand and developing countries on the other. This is not merely rhetorical. It has operational significance. It is on this basis that the germinated lands have offered to reduce the emission intensity by 20-25 per cent up to 2020 and not agree to legally binding emission reductions. The latter would amount to cap on the development.
However, some developed countries have been pressing for a single legal format in which obligations of both developed and developing countries should be reflected, much like the country schedules under the World Trade Organization. This will imply the setting aside of the Kyoto Protocol and its clear distinction between developed and developing countries. This will need to be resisted since climate change remains based on reciprocity and this will weaken the equitable burden sharing principle.
It is the climate change negotiators who have become less about fashioning a truly collaborative global response to a planetary challenge and more about safeguarding and promoting competitive economic interests.
Technology transfer to enable climate change action in developing countries is being resisted for fear of improving the competitive edge of emerging country rivals. Tendencies for emanation can be reduced either by slowing down economic activity or by various technological steps for replacing fossil fuels by renewable sources, cutting waste of energy, recycling, and thereby increasing forest cover. Just one nation cannot make the mark as “One green foot print on the planet won’t make the whole Globe Green but definitely can be a blueprint for the world”. Now that’s a big if or can for greener pastures!
P.S. In a mission, with the help of very own Global Positioning System (GPS), archiving the third planet from the sun with the atomic number 8
Miss Sujatha Jagannathan is Mumbai based 23 years old student of English Literature. She can be reached at scorpionme09(at)gmail(dot)com.
Do you have a flair for writing? Interested in environmental issues? Why don’t you submit an article for the GreenCleanGuide 2013 contest? For contest rules, please visit thislink | <urn:uuid:b7d92b40-a1de-4c7b-b2e4-227bb70b7929> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://greencleanguide.com/essay-on-climate-change-and-global-warming/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.937171 | 1,023 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Sprawling along the shores of the Arabian Sea, Karachi is Pakistan’s shop-front to the world. This is the nation’s largest port and its most populous city, a vital, vibrant centre of trade, commerce and culture, with a full hand of historic sights and famously full-flavoured food.
Getting around Karachi means navigating the traffic, which can slow road transport to crawl, but taxis are still the fastest and most comfortable way to explore. Auto-rickshaws provide a similar service for a lower fare, and buses zip to every corner of the city. Ferries make the crossing from Keamari to Manora island.
Karachi is defined by the ocean, with a string of sandy beaches tracing the outer rim of the lagoon. Clifton Beach is the most popular spot to promenade, but more peaceful beaches stretch north to Hawke’s Bay and French Beach; there’s even a low-key surfing scene!
As you might expect, many of the city’s most famous sights are linked to Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan. The Jinnah family homes at Quaid-e-Azam House and Wazir House are now museums, and Karachi’s most famous resident is buried in a modernist mausoleum just north of the centre.
The British left an indelible stamp on Karachi in the form of colonial landmarks such as the Empress Market, Frere Hall and the Sindh High Court. British-era churches dot the bazaars of the historic centre alongside forgotten Hindu temples. The extravagant Mohatta Palace, built by a wealthy Hindu merchant in 1927, now houses a fascinating museum exploring the artistic heritage of Pakistan.
The boat ride from Keamari Habour to Manora Island offers a fine vantage point to watch the comings and goings at the Port of Karachi. To discover more about the history of this vital transit point, visit the National Museum, covering everything from ancient Mohenjo-daro to Pakistan’s Freedom Movement.
Exploring the bazaars of the historic centre and the streets of the former British cantonment are great ways to get a feel for what makes Karachi tick. As you wander, you can drop in on historic mosques, British churches such as Holy Trinity Cathedral, and atmospheric Hindu temples such as the Shri Swaminarayan Mandir. A beachfront stroll away from the crowds is a relaxing way to spend time in Karachi. Sandspit Beach and Hawke’s Bay even attract nesting sea turtles from September to January; the Sindh Wildlife Department arranges turtle-watching tours.
As you might expect from a port city, dining in Karachi has a strongly international flavour. Intimate Okra feels like a genuine French bistro, while Fuschia offers a taste of Thailand and Sakura at the Pearl Continental Hotel slices succulent sushi and sashimi. For dinner with a view, try Kolachi or the bustling eateries of Boat Basin and the Port Grand complex. The best place to find authentic Sindhi cooking is in the historic centre; Burns Road in Sadar district is fragrant with the smell of grilling seekh, chapli and boti kebabs. Prosperous Karachi-ites gather on upscale Zamzama Avenue, which is lined with local and international chains. | <urn:uuid:c5c6a64a-e264-4acf-924f-61e64019bc41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://flights.thaiairways.com/en-sa/flights-to-karachi | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.922374 | 689 | 1.757813 | 2 |
It was for the conversation for potential development of industries in these areas. He would not talk, nor hear any other opinions, from the people of the area at the airport, as well as any of the Native Americans representatives. We gathered at the Kanab Airport to be heard as well as listen.
We were denied access to him, being locked out at the entrance to the runway where he gathered with his followers to discuss his experiences of his trip and say just how beautiful Utah is, as WE chanted behind the gates.
"We have a voice." "Talk to us." "Save our monuments."
It fell on deaf ears! We will say it again: Leave it alone for all of us and future generations to enjoy. It took billions of years to create. Why try and destroy it for development of oil, gas and mining? Stand up, Utah, and protect your lands! | <urn:uuid:ab9a61bb-e857-4b5e-ac20-a1d5cac8bfa4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thespectrum.com/story/opinion/2017/05/17/zinkes-charade/101787042/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.984185 | 197 | 1.632813 | 2 |
A highly infectious strain of coronavirus first detected in southeast England last September has now spread to more than 80 countries, and there are warnings it will “sweep the world”.
Experts believe the B.1.1.7 variant could be between 30 and 70 percent more infectious, and about 30 percent more lethal, than other versions of the novel coronavirus in circulation.
B.1.1.7 is defined by 23 mutations from the original strain of SARS-CoV2, the virus that causes COVID-19, which was first detected in the Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019.
After being recorded in Kent, the variant quickly became the dominant strain of all infections in the United Kingdom.
It is not yet known whether the variant actually emerged in Kent, a county near London described as the “garden of England”, because of its fruit-filled orchards and rolling countryside, or was simply first detected there.
Scientists have said the strain may have evolved within just one person who was infected with the novel coronavirus for a sufficient period of time to allow it to transform.
Now, B.1.1.7 accounts for about 90 percent of all new COVID-19 infections being recorded in the country.
Its rapid spread in the UK has fuelled a surge in cases and deaths, and on January 4, forced a new national lockdown.
The variant also spread outwards, and quickly.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 83 countries have reported cases of the strain.
It has been detected on every continent on Earth except for Antarctica.
The spread of B.1.1.7 adds to fears over two other highly infectious strains in circulation – the so-called Brazilian and South African variants, known by scientists as 20I/501Y.V2 or B.1.351 and P.1 respectively.
At the heart of concerns is whether the vaccines currently in use will work against the mutations.
The Brazilian and South African variants possess the E484K mutation, which occurs on the spike protein of the virus.
The mutation is believed to help the virus evade antibodies and slip past the body’s immune defences. Scientists have warned it could weaken the effectiveness of vaccines.
For its part, the UK is confident the vaccines in use in the country – by Oxford-AstraZeneca and another by Pfizer-BioNtech – are effective against B.1.1.7 and other variants.
But a further mutation in the B.1.1.7 strain detected recently in the town of Bristol, in southwest England, could potentially undermine the shots, Sharon Peacock, director of the COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium, told the BBC.
To date, 21 cases of the Bristol variant, which has the E484K mutation, have been recorded.
The new mutation has been designated a “variant of concern” by the UK’s New and Emerging Respiratory Virus Threats Advisory Group.
“It’s concerning that the 1.1.7, which is more transmissible, which has swept the country, is now mutating to have this new mutation that could threaten vaccination,” Peacock said. | <urn:uuid:89fddb1c-890f-46a8-bd35-18eaf9c4cea3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/2/12/kent-coronavirus-variant-what-you-need-to-know-in-500-words?fbclid=IwAR0xBj1sLKgDS-yir5XJGlfYmaIXS_azglymDjydca_QYkfddwLtlb135r8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.957722 | 677 | 2.921875 | 3 |
The influence of globalization in telecommunication companies has greatly increased the level of competition in the industry and they are forced to be competitive to survive. Different types of strategies are put in place in order to be profitable and competitive. All these strategies are directed to attract, retain and maintain customers for continuous profitability. However, majority of them hardly measure the impact of their strategic innovation on their customers. The paper seeks to explore the influence of competitive strategies embarked upon by selected telecommunication companies in Nigeria on their performance. The paper also examines how competitive strategies could be implemented for improved customer satisfaction, retention and loyalty. Three null hypotheses were postulated to test the relationship between lower prices and customer satisfaction, uninterrupted trunk services and customer loyalty, and customer complaint handling and retention. Only customers using telephone service were selected as respondents from Lagos State. The state was stratified in to 20 local government council area and questionnaires were distributed to 125 respondents in each of them. The completion rate of the questionnaire in each of them is between 103 and 110. Survey research design was adopted to carry out the study. A structured questionnaire was designed and validated through the construct validity and tested for confirmation using the KMO measure of sampling adequacy. It was also made reliable using Cronbach’s Alpha test. From the study, findings revealed relationship between competitive strategies and customer satisfaction, retention and loyalty. The findings revealed that there is a relationship between competitive strategies, its constituents and performance of telecommunication companies. It is recommended that universal mobile telecommunication services (UMTS) operators should adopt the culture of competitive strategies since it can impact on their performance for achieving competitive advantage. | <urn:uuid:4759bd1b-7ceb-4b68-a369-d8d01557155e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.cejsh-d92385ac-8c9e-4443-8ea0-ac1df93d7549 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.971687 | 327 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Much of Sri Lanka’s Dry Zone is currently grappling with a drought caused by the delayed Monsoon. This is a double whammy for residents in several districts who have been engulfed by another ‘slow emergency’ for two decades: mass scale kidney failure affecting large numbers.
Diabetes or high blood pressure can lead to kidney failure. But beginning in the 1990s, thousands of people in the North Central Province (NCP) developed the condition without having either factor. Most were male farmers.
This puzzled doctors and other researchers who struggled to understand how and why. It was soon assigned an official name: Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (abbreviated as CKDu).
CKDu has evolved into a humanitarian tragedy on a mass scale. It is claiming more victims every passing year, spreading to more areas, and gradually overwhelming the healthcare system. Its causes are still unclear and hotly debated.
Anuradhapura and Polonnaruwa Districts are ‘Ground Zero’ of this mysterious ailment for which there is no known cure. In fact, it was first detected in the early 1990s by Dr Tilak Abeyeskera, Consultant Nephrologist attached at the Anuradhapura general hospital.
It has since spread to North Western, Uva, Eastern, Central and Northern provinces as well. The affected areas are now spread across approximately 17,000 sq km (a quarter of the island), which is home to around 2.5 million people.
Several thousand have already died; the exact number is not clear due to gaps in statistics and incomplete reporting. Hospital records show that over 15,000 people are kept alive with regular kidney dialysis.
Those who develop CKDu are mostly men between 30 and 60 years, working as paddy farmers or farm labourers. These factors are being investigated by health officials and many scientists searching for ways to contain and treat the ailment.
The latest attempt to make sense of the deepening mystery is by India’s Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), an independent research and advocacy organisation. They collaborated with the Ministry of Water Supply and Drainage, and the non-profit Centre for Environmental Justice (CEJ) in Colombo.
CSE’s scientists tested samples of drinking water, soil, rice plant and grain, pesticides and chemical fertilizer from many locations. Their study report, released in Anuradhapura on 16 August 2012, does not pinpoint one definitive factor or solve the jigsaw completely. Yet it clarifies some issues and takes the debate forward.
What causes it?
Helpfully, the CSE report collated many theories and speculations on possible or probable causes of CKDu.
Listed in no particular order, these include: excessive cadmium in the natural environment; high levels of fluoride in drinking water; using fluoride-rich water in low quality aluminium pots; “hard water” with higher than normal levels of minerals; and toxins generated by blue-green bacteria in the water.
Humans are exposed to multiple elements over time. Finding one rogue element is never easy. So factors such as illicit liquor and Ayurvedic medicine are also being studied. Meanwhile, a team at Peradeniya University is probing whether people in affected areas have a genetic predisposition.
In 2011, some researchers from Kelaniya and Rajarata universities argued that arsenic in pesticides and chemical fertilizers, when combined with calcium in hard water, causes CKDu. Their findings became controversial when one researcher claimed to have derived key insights through ‘divine intervention’.
So is it Nature, nurture, or a combination of the two, causes this misery? Nobody knows – as yet.
Interestingly, all the areas with high incidence of CKDu are located around reservoirs of the irrigation systems. In contrast, those communities who draw their drinking water from natural springs have few kidney failures among them. Is it something in the irrigated water – and if so, what?
Planet Earth is capable of springing some nasty surprises on us, even without any human provocation. As earth scientists remind us, this is an inevitable part of living on a restless planet.
In 2009, the World Health Organisation (WHO, a specialised agency of the UN system) and the Health Ministry’s epidemiological unit appointed 10 study groups to study this problem. Their findings have been submitted to the government but not yet released. Why?
We cannot afford bureaucratic apathy in a matter of such urgency and importance. The outcome of public science must be shared with the public and media in the public interest.
Beware of opportunists!
Delays in releasing research and analysis will only allow speculation and conspiracy theories to gain momentum. Selfish opportunists are already flocking to CKDu hit areas apparently seeking to implicate their pet hates. Sadly, some of these speculations are being peddled – and even cheered — by sections of our media without due diligence.
Such tilting at windmills is muddying the already suspect waters and can confuse policy makers. Senior scientists like Prof Oliver Ileperuma and Prof C B Dissanayake – at the forefront in related research — have stressed the need to separate facts from speculation and myths.
Another fervent plea for sanity appeared recently in the respected Ceylon Medical Journal (CMJ). Established in 1887, CMJ is published by the Sri Lanka Medical Association (SLMA), the national professional body of doctors. Writing in the December 2011 issue, three medical researchers — A R Wickremasinghe, R J Peiris-John and K P Wanigasuriya – called for dispassionate discussion of current knowledge and gaps.
Given the widespread discussion and debate in the media recently, they urged, “it is timely that the available, credible, scientific evidence on CKDu (published in peer reviewed journals) is collated and analysed, and the difficulties faced in establishing causality are discussed.” (Emphasis mine)
The authors added: “The cause of CKDu is likely to be multifactorial. At this point in time there is insufficient evidence to pinpoint a cause(s). Both the wellbeing of residents of the NCP and the enormous drain on health system resources and the economy demand that resolving the issue is a national priority.”
Medical doctors are on the frontline in treating affected people and counselling devastated families. But CKDu is much more than a mere medical or health emergency. Interdisciplinary studies are needed – involving both natural and social scientists – and with adequate coverage, intensity and scientific rigour.
Miracles and Sacred Cows
Scientific credibility requires that such studies are peer reviewed and published in national and international journals of high standing. Making unfounded claims at press conferences and throwing wild allegations in TV talk shows might create some ripples, but such grandstanding doesn’t help anyone.
The National Science Foundation (NSF), our main research funder and agenda setter, can provide directions. We also need NSF to ensure the findings are widely discussed in policy, professional and public forums. Secrecy is not an option.
There is no room for miracles or absolute truths in science. By its very definition, science is open to rigorous scrutiny, challenge and refinement. CKDu is no exception.
Last year’s ‘divine revelation’ story reminded me of a famous creation by Sidney Harris, the doyen of science cartoonists. Science demands its practitioners to be more explicit and accountable than resort to ‘miracles’. No one can claim to be a sacred cow.
There are also no shortcuts in science; the scientific method cannot be circumvented or accelerated at some officials’ whim or fancy. However, urgent societal problems like CKDu warrant fast-tracked study and action. These need more funds and brains.
But remember: haste makes waste. The CMJ paper called for vigilance that mere associations “should not be considered to be of causal importance without documented evidence of proof”.
The CMJ authors hit the nail on its head when they wrote: “We advocate caution by the scientific community and the media when using such assertions that impact on policy, the livelihoods of the farming community and the economy of the country without scientific validity and biological plausibility.”
Science and media are inherently contested public spaces. They thrive only with open, informed and inclusive debate.
We in the media face many challenges in covering this complex and nuanced story. CKDu has all the elements that typically interest the media: rising death toll, widespread human suffering, as yet unclear origins and causes, scientific arguments, and — since of late – some conspiracy theories.
During its early years, CKDu was under-reported by our urban-centred media. Well, no longer. We now face the real danger of some media outlets engaging in fleeting, superficial and alarmist reporting.
CKDu is not a straightforward or simple story to report. It’s not like a tsunami or flood. It’s even slower than a drought (a gradual disaster that many journalists struggle to grasp), and not an infectious disease.
The impact is on human beings but no visible changes in the landscape.
CEJ’s Executive Director and chief scientist Hemantha Withanage has been travelling in CKDu affected areas, meeting hundreds of families and community workers. In some areas, every third house has lost at least one family member. Survivors are migrating to cities.
He relates the eerie and heart-wrenching scenario that repeats in thousands of households where men are living from one dialysis session to another, ideally every four days. Each session costs around LKR 12,000 (USD 92 approx) to the healthcare system, and many hospitals don’t have enough dialysis machines.
Secretary to the Ministry of Health told a media seminar in early 2011 that LKR 350 million (approx. USD 2.6 million) — 4.6% of the health budget – is spent every year on supporting CKDu patients.
With thousands affected, it is only natural for emotions like despair, suspicion and anger run high. Scientists and health officials need to be sensitive to such sentiments, without allowing scare-mongers and villain-hunters to hijack policies or research agendas.
CKDu is as much a national health emergency as dengue epidemic in our cities. To find relief for those already affected and protect millions more at risk, we must harness our nation’s brain power – giving them clear focus, adequate resources and academic freedom.
Never forget, however, that this isn’t just a research problem. Fellow human beings – not lab rats – are involved. They need interim help while long term solutions are being worked out.
Both CEJ and CSE have called for better medical facilities as well as clean drinking water to reduce people’s dependence on poor quality groundwater. These are development needs in their own right.
While scientists probe causes and solutions in earnest, the government and voluntary organisations can immediately start providing relief and livelihood support to those living with CKDu.
Finger-pointing, document-leaking and conspiracy-spinning might generate cheap thrills or media coverage for some with their own agendas. But these theatricals don’t help anyone hit by, or dealing with, the formidable problem.
Let’s not allow tragedy to be turned into farce. There are indeed better ways to care for the traumatised farmers and their families.
Science writer Nalaka Gunawardene asks more questions than he can answer, and writes weekly columns in Ravaya and Ceylon Today newspapers. All views are his own. A shorter version of this essay appeared in Ceylon Today of 19 August 2012. He blogs at http://nalakagunawardene.com. | <urn:uuid:034f8dda-a622-409c-b908-12b6b20ab2fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://groundviews.org/2012/08/19/science-and-politics-of-mass-kidney-failure-in-sri-lanka/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.947025 | 2,446 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Beethoven: Adagio from Sonata Pathétique for Baritone Horn & Piano
By Ludwig van Beethoven, arr. James M. Guthrie, ASCAP
For small ensemble
A show piece for solo piano with plenty of dramatic twists & turns Score: 25 pages Duration: 25:08 Three movements: I. Adagio/Allegro II. Nocturne III. Scherzo
Title: Guthrie: Sonata for Piano No. 1
Composer: James Guthrie
Includes score: Yes
Includes parts: No
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Guthrie: Sonata for Piano No. 1 | <urn:uuid:72804ba8-e355-4dc2-b48b-6585442eb38b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://partsandscore.com/title/james-guthrie/guthrie-sonata-for-piano-no-1/PS-8040868-D | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.846605 | 283 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Polysporin Cold Sore Healing Patch
Description & Features
Directions for Use: Apply POLYSPORIN Cold Sore Healing Patch at first sign of an outbreak. When the patch starts to detach from the skin, remove it and replace it with a new one until cold sore is healed. Patches should be used 24 hours a day. On average, the patch will stay on for approximately 8 hours. You do not need to remove the patch every 8 hours, only when it begins to detach.
How to Apply:
- Wash hands. Ensure skin is clean and dry. Do not use in combination with cream as the patch may no longer stick to the lesion to provide full treatment benefits.
- Remove applicator from wrapper and hold ends using both hands.
- Gently pull each end of applicator, following the arrows, until adhesive side is half-exposed. Take care not to touch the adhesive side of the patch.
- Gently press the half-exposed part of the patch with a finger to firmly place over the cold sore.
- Slowly pull end of applicator down and away from the skin in a smooth rolling motion until the patch slips from the applicator. Make-up or lipstick can be applied over the patch. Wash your hands after application.
CAUTIONS: Do not use inside the mouth, on mucous tissue or to treat genital herpes. Consult your pharmacist or doctor if the cold sore becomes severe and/or an outbreak lasts unusually long. | <urn:uuid:0186076f-73ff-4370-82c9-9a32ace935ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://well.ca/products/polysporin-cold-sore-healing-patch_37380.html?affid=BEAUTY | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.905232 | 309 | 1.585938 | 2 |
The cemetery, out my car door, and across the hood.
The cemetery is located at Cranbrook, Concession 11, Grey Township. When I arrived at this place in May of 2001, it was truly a spiritual experience.
It was satisfying to stand at the graves of both sides of my grandmother’s family. I later found that a cousin had visited during his lifetime, but that was 40 or 50 years previous to my visit. I had no idea of what I would find, and the discovery of my ancestor’s names in the indices in Goderich and the subsequent trip to the cemetery was very exciting.
This post will show the Kaiser side of my Grandmother’s family. My 2nd great grandfather, William Kaiser, and his family resided in Grey, Huron, Ontario, Canada from at least 1870 forward. I do not know the exact date the family arrived in the area. The three children of William Kaiser and Elizabeth Long who died while the family resided in Grey Township are buried here. There is one stone which had been broken off and subsequently repaired.
The transcription from the cemetery record in Goderich reads:
In Memory Of
Died Feb. 7, 1876;
Aged 18 Years
6 Mo’s & 7 D’s
Died Apr. 17, 1876;
Aged 8 Years
9 Mo’s & 17 D’s
Died Aug 19, 1870
Aged 3 Mo’s & 19 D’s
Children of Wm & Elizabeth Kiser
4 line verse illegible
The verse is now completely missing, but the top portion of the marker was saved, and cemented to prevent tipping. Here are some close ups:
The cemetery was well kept and neat. Although I have no idea when the Kaiser marker was damaged and repaired, I am grateful that it remained for me to see and photograph. | <urn:uuid:1c0879d1-eff4-40f5-b5e4-63906885c1ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.warrenweb.info/knox-presbyterian-church-cemetery-huron-county-ontario-kaiser/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.980201 | 409 | 1.554688 | 2 |
- 1 What is the meaning of genre painting?
- 2 What is an example of a genre painting?
- 3 What are the 7 genres of painting?
- 4 What is the purpose of genre painting?
- 5 What is the difference between genre and style in art?
- 6 What are the main genres of art?
- 7 What is a scene in art?
- 8 How many genres of art are there?
- 9 What is a genre piece?
- 10 What is highest form of art?
- 11 What is the highest form of painting?
- 12 What are the 3 types of art?
- 13 What does the term genre refer to in art?
- 14 Are sculptures art?
- 15 What type of painting is the milkmaid?
What is the meaning of genre painting?
The term genre painting refers to paintings which depict scenes of everyday life.
What is an example of a genre painting?
For example, Joseph Wright of Derby’s famous masterpiece An Experiment on a Bird in the Air Pump (1768) is part genre painting, part portraiture and part history painting. As a general rule of thumb, a genre-painting is typically a portrayal of normal events, in which individual figures usually play an important role.
What are the 7 genres of painting?
Paintings are classified by both the subject matter, style, and genre. Painting subjects usually fall into still life, landscape, seascape, portraiture, or abstract. There are many painting styles, including modernist, expressionist, classical, surreal, cubist, Chinese style, abstract, impressionist, and many more.
What is the purpose of genre painting?
Genre painting, painting of scenes from everyday life, of ordinary people in work or recreation, depicted in a generally realistic manner. Genre art contrasts with that of landscape, portraiture, still life, religious themes, historic events, or any kind of traditionally idealized subject matter.
What is the difference between genre and style in art?
While genre is predominantly a critic’s term for which art historians sometimes have a use, style is traditionally a historian’s categorization whose critical and appreciative relevance has been increasingly remarked.
What are the main genres of art?
The five categories of fine art painting, listed in order of their official ranking or importance, are as follows:
- History Painting. Religious, historical or allegorical work, with a moral message.
- Portrait Art. Includes individual, group or self-portraits.
- Genre Painting.
- Landscape Painting.
- Still Life Painting.
What is a scene in art?
an art scene A “scene” includes both the events and the people. It centers around a particular city or neighborhood, and also a certain period of time.
How many genres of art are there?
The 5 Main Genres of Visual Art — Ryan Runcie.
What is a genre piece?
Genre art is the pictorial representation in any of various media of scenes or events from everyday life, such as markets, domestic settings, interiors, parties, inn scenes, and street scenes. But history paintings are a genre in painting, not genre works.
What is highest form of art?
Literature Remains The Highest Form Of Art.
What is the highest form of painting?
History painting, the highest category, sometimes called the ‘grande genre’ – denoted paintings that portrayed an edifying or ethically uplifting message set in a historical, religious, allegorical or mythological context.
What are the 3 types of art?
There are countless forms of art. When it comes to visual arts, there are generally 3 types: decorative, commercial, and fine art. The broader definition of “the arts” covers everything from painting through theatre, music, architecture, and more.
What does the term genre refer to in art?
The term genre has two meanings: On the one hand, it means the type or category of a painting; on the other hand, it denotes the content or topic of a particular picture.
Are sculptures art?
Sculpture is the branch of the visual arts that operates in three dimensions. It is one of the plastic arts. Durable sculptural processes originally used carving and modelling, in stone, metal, ceramics, wood and other materials but, since Modernism, there has been an almost complete freedom of materials and process.
What type of painting is the milkmaid? | <urn:uuid:411f270d-f92c-4b1b-b840-301e2cd37585> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lnunesart.com/paintings/quick-answer-what-are-genre-paintings.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.940437 | 955 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Kate LOVES to write. She loves to draw and she loves to write. She wants to take your dinner order, write your address, make an envelope so she can write you a letter, or just plain make a grocery list. She loves the idea that she is going to have a spelling test this week – although studying for it isn’t nearly as cool as the concept. At a recent book fair at school all Kate really wanted was the diary with a lock. I’m not sure she knows that is a book for personal deep thoughts – she uses it as a book of lists and locks it at night.
I love to see the way she sounds out the words and spells them – check out the latest grocery list.
Another cool thing about her diary is she wants me to read it! Should the future only be so open. Open source that is! Her proudest entry (aside from the grocery list) was a couple pages deeper into the book, it was inspired from her most recent bus ride from school: Kate and Kameron Sitting in a Tree…. oh boy, was I really that young when that began?? | <urn:uuid:dcee6371-8364-4582-a3fc-c8f455d4aa1e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://motheroftheyearagain.com/2011/10/17/7-most-important-groceries/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.981948 | 233 | 1.625 | 2 |
bi-fold doors. I had called these tiny plants weedsdisgusting, worthless things with no right to exist. The so-called real world, on the contrary, is a room without a door. Stick down a layer of MLV or sound deadening mat inside the frame. Henry Hobbes and Dr. Schnieder begin to execute their plan. Hidden lights. Those two little girls paid a visit to the author to . The technical term for this is: cased opening Definition: An interior doorway or opening with all the trim and molding installed, but without a doo
Gen. Wilkes updates the Consul. Doorway would indeed be acceptable. Consider that, if the doorway has a door, you cannot see through to the other side unless the door is open. In My journey from international student to immigrant to American was a transformation of the heart emotional, cultural and social. An interior doorway or opening with all the trim and molding installed, but without a door or closure. For an entrance between two rooms without the door trimmings, I would therefore suggest simply " opening ". Show activity on this post. cafe & saloon doors. Stiles: The sides of the door. Agents Compete, You Win. October 2, 2012. A small roof over a door can be described using various terminologies and names. 4. Basic doorway casings are three separate pieces two long trim pieces on either side of the door frame topped with a shorter piece called the head casing to complete the framing. If it has all the trim and molding of a doorway, just there is no door, then you'd call that a cased opening: A whole doesnt make a hole. If you were just using the dictionary definitions, it would be called a " doorway ". Doorway Dutch Doors. What kind of room has no doors or windows? 19 If you were just using the dictionary definitions, it would be called a "doorway". Doorway 1. the passage or opening into a building, room, etc., commonly closed and opened by a door; portal. 2. a means of access: a doorway to success. Door Television / TV. 5. ~. googler Forumite. Coffee table. 1. This is a low table typically placed in front of a sofa. Technically, a bedroom must have two means of egress, so a second door will suffice, but it must open to the outside, which makes the exterior door a less practical solution. They are split in half, so the top and bottom operate independently. Install, or adjust placement There is no bath- room, no bed- room, and no living- room. Place door in opening, and mark hinge holes on frame. Sofa / couch. Americanness, I learned, is an acquired sensibility. 4. See more ideas about home, house design, house interior. Credit: garagedoorsonline.co.uk. "Room without a roof" is a lyric from Pharrell Williams' Oscar nominated song, "Happy." These include: Minimum size requirements (often at least 7080 square feet or at least 7 feet per horizontal direction) Having more than one way out, such as a door to the exterior or a window (window size and height matters, too) portal A doorway, entrance, or gate, especially one that is large and imposing. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/portal My choice would be portal. It signifies you can get from one room to the other. sliding doors. An adjoining room is two guest rooms that are located next to each other and are connected by a locked door between them. If you just want an opening in the wall without trim, you could just call it an " Opening ", or " archway ". Dutch Doors. The majestic set of double doors were over five meters in height, and covered in intricate carvings. It is just the slab of wood that is the door. Advantages: Bifolds require less room than swinging doors in front of the closet because of how the doors fold as they are opened. If that roof serves as a covering for an extension of the house that is used to entertain guest then it is more likely a porch roof. Lots of people have landed on our website looking for the answer of this riddle. A space-saving door style that slides into the wall rather than swinging open into a room or hallway. These flush jambs remove the need for trim molding around windows and doors, creating a modern, minimalist look. Japanese architect Shigeru Ban created this private home in Nagano, Japan, a year before the 1998 Winter Olympic Games. 5. Room door design in glass #5 . Wooden Door You will have a Wooden/Timber door. Some rooms dont fit easily into any category because they are entirely unique. 5. The hinge style is where the hinges are attached to. The doors are light and tend to be inexpensive. The main thing buyers are worried about is whether the bedroom has enough room to count as a bedroom. We suggest one of our select wines by the glass carefully curated for House Without A Key to enhance your dining experience. Then, place the door jam into the opening for the door and make sure its level. Panel doors, also known as slab doors, contain patterns of square or oblong panels and are a classic choice. Technically by national standards, however, a room does not need a closet to be a bedroom. While some municipalities dont set a minimum square footage standard, its commonly accepted that a single occupancy bedroom should have at least 70 square feet of floor space. barn doors. Square footage: One thing every bedroom needs is room for a bed. The name referred to cars that boast rear-hinged door configuration.
#Best #Easy #Funny #Short The wall-less design informs the room-less language. Adjoining rooms may be booked together by request for one traveling party, or they may be booked separately by two different parties. How do you escape? Avg. A framed wall that extends a shorter foundation wall to full height. Room door design in glass #2 . prehung doors. Stops This is wood or metal that runs up the frame that prevents the door from swinging further. Bay windows are a beautiful addition to living room or kitchens offering a beautiful view to your outside area. Guests can move between rooms without going through the hallway. The Cheese Caves After entering the room, turn left and walk all the way across the room to the exit door. Begins at 5:30 p.m. nightly. One of the most commonly used doors in any structure are sliding doors. 1. I filled the now empty room with storage boxes and old clothes. Will Gov. Square footage. Drilling the Lock. The laundry room is a utility room, separated from the more formal living rooms of the house, and such a room therefore needs a suitable laundry room door. If it has all the trim and molding of a doorway, just there is no door, then you'd call that a cased opening: http://www.dictionaryofconstruction.com/definition/cased-opening.html.
Share This Riddle. This equates to a 7-foot by 10-foot room (or an 8-foot by 9-foot room) at the minimum. You are in a room with no windows, doors or any exit. Lock Fitted in Door Material The lock is fitted into the leading edge of the door NOT the surface of the door. Use SSOS templates to route hinge holes into frame. Look closely. 5. If one wishes to exit the realms of production, citizenship or gender, and so on, the world demands payment that often amounts to their life itself. It's a cased opening if it's finished, otherwise we call it a drywall opening. It is purchased separately to the frame, which is what the wood around the door frame is called. As the name suggests, the sliding door is moved by sliding a panel to one side horizontally. A door may contain two large panels, six small ones or some other configuration. It will also provide a more secure fit between the door and the threshold to stop cold air from circulating your home. Pavers now this term is really confusing because even in the industry, it means different things. A new assignment for George and Schumacher. 1. Whether or not you need a closet, a room often has to meet other requirements to be called a bedroom. Door 1. a movable, usually solid, barrier for opening and closing an entranceway, cupboard, cabinet, or the like, commonly turning on hinges or sliding in grooves. AnswersKing.com is the largest database online with all the answers, cheats and solutions for the latest app / trivia games. 5 Levers The number of levers SHOULD be stamped on the faceplate of lock e.g 5 LEVER. source: trabahomes.com. Connecting rooms: Rooms with individual entrance doors from the outside and a connecting door in between. . Greenhouse. Updated on November 28, 2018. The law is concerned with size, too. In this artsy Oakland loft, a hanging fiber art installation Selling it separately means its easier to match skirting boards and other aspects of a rooms dressing, and as it is just part of the door moulding, it can be attached and removed relatively easily and without affecting the workings of the door. This is a large, soft chair, usually meant for several people to sit on. In Annex A Explanatory Material, Section A.184.108.40.206 describes limited circumstances where a closer may not be necessary. Tucking a few lights where they cant be seen helps give your room a sense of an indirect glow that mimics light pouring in from a nearby window. http://www.dictionaryofconstruction. Learn more. Basic doorway casings are three separate pieces two long trim pieces on either side of the door frame topped with a shorter piece called the head casing to complete the framing. Stiles, Panels and Rails Strips that cross over the top and bottom of the door are called rails, top rail or bottom rail, and if there is one across the middle to where the lock is installed, it's a lock rail . The evolution comes imperceptibly. Silverado/Sierra 1500/2500 Crew Cab. Getty. Minimum ceiling height: There are more size dimensions to worry about here: At least half of the bedroom ceiling has to be at least 7 feet tall. So realistic was their design that even from across the room, Momonga felt like they would attack him. The picture below shows how adding a transom window above a pocket door can transom the doorway from a problem solver to the centerpiece of the room. 25. Align the holes according to how you want the door to swing open and insert the hinge pins. Youll often find this in a living room as a main source of entertainment for the family. A dutch door is a type of exterior door often chosen for entry-point doors. For a room to be legally considered a bedroom, it generally must meet the following criteria below. . A single-room building made of glass that you use to grow tomatoes and other plants in. The dining room in a junior 4 could be also used as a den or office. The most common measurement for a bedroom is a minimum of 70 square feet of floor space. Additionally, these cars didnt have seatbelts. Patio masonry structure without a roof. Casing (frame): The frame to which the door is attached to via hinges. Fix the side pieces to the back with screws or nails, and then seal with acoustic caulk. A) relational aggression B) intimate terrorism C) situational couple violence D) a demand/withdraw interaction 42. A door leaf is, basically, what most people know as a door. Furthermore, the term suicide doors was popular throughout the 1930s. The term, room without a roof, is basically an idiomatic expression meaning that there is no limitation to how far you can take yourself in life. Directly in front of you is the door to the small cheese cave. No windows, no doors, or any exit; would assume there is no light to see what could have seen (saw) in the a mirror. Next, place the door into the door jam and ensure the hinge fits into the thrust bearing. If you wanted to emphasize that there are no doors, then calling it an archway, or some other term, might be more precise. One location described in this paragraph where a fire door might be installed without a door closer is a communicating door between hotel/motel sleeping rooms. A junior 4 apartment has four rooms: living room, kitchen, a bedroom, and a dining room. These are commonly used on split entry homes where the foundation walls are 3 to 4 feet in height or when a homes foundation is stepped because of lot conditions. 4. Bypass Doors. It would look like this on a blueprint. As the name suggests, drilling a lock is a form of destructive entry, which means that if you use this method to unlock a door without a key, your lock will be damaged and rendered ineffective. A bay window is usually built with a middle large picture window and then two angled side windows. There are 2 common styles of door bottom: U-shaped and L-shaped. Garage Entry Door are not the same as Garage Side Doors. The lock style is where the lock and knob is placed. An I-house is a two-story house that is one room deep with a double-pen, hall-parlor, central-hall or saddlebag layout.. New England I-house: characterized by a central chimney; Pennsylvania I-house: characterized by internal gable-end chimneys at the interior of either side of the house; Southern I-house: characterized by external gable-end chimneys on the exterior of either side Police were called, searched the room without a warrant, and found evidence of a murder. 2. a doorway: to go through the door. Getty. 1. the passage or opening into a building, room, et Garage side doors open to the outdoors, not to the house or any other living space. Real estate news with posts on buying homes, celebrity real estate, unique houses, selling homes, and real estate advice from realtor.com. Hilda gets louder, but Harley walks out of the room and slams the door. You can seat six here as well, and the Crew will be a bit more comfortable than the Double. One location described in this paragraph where a fire door might be installed without a door closer is a communicating door between hotel/motel sleeping rooms. Side-Hinged Garage Doors . If your door is swinging without a problem, but is not closing tightly, you may need to adjust the placement of the doorstop to solve the issue. I've only entered the room a few times since the rearrangement. The smell of the empty room has progressively gotten worse, it now smells like someones butt. Chief Architect software calls door-sized openings without casings "archways" regardless of the shape of the top of the opening. I had an archway 16.1K Posts. You might consider entryway and entranceway . entryway A passage for affording entrance. Word Origin: (1740-1750); Americanism; entry + way Rand Room door design in glass #1 . 3. Room door design in glass #4 . This single "bedroom" is always a tiny room as compared to the chambers, often with no closet. The White House Visitor Center is located in the Department of Commerce Building on the Southeast corner of 15th and E Streets. It is expected that the room will be large enough to accommodate a bed. Technically, a bedroom must have two means of egress, so a second door will suffice, but it must open to the outside, which makes the exterior door a less practical solution. Showers without doors, also known as walk-in showers, have several benefits.First, the doorless style can save time on the work spent cleaning a door. 4. Most of the reported Zelle scams consist of pure social engineering: manipulating people with fraudulent information and scare tactics. The most common bifold door sizes are 4, 5 and 6 feeteach with two pairs of panels. | <urn:uuid:00324427-5677-4271-a5ca-08f270fdb9f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://stradanove.net/elden/82277687d703140b84b6a917f042 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.946712 | 3,343 | 2.34375 | 2 |
The global financial crisis has left a lingering mark on entrepreneurship across the globe, with 95 percent of entrepreneurs relying on their own funding for startup ventures—this according to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2015-2016 Special Report on Entrepreneurial Finance, released with sponsors Babson College, Universidad Del Desarrollo, Universiti Tun Abdul Razak, and Tecnológico de Monterrey.
This special report studied entrepreneurial finance patterns across the globe. The last of its kind was issued 10 years ago, prior to the 2008 downturn. Since then, availability of funds, sources of funding, as well as the cost of starting a business have all evolved.
“Although the average cost of starting a business has dropped, access to finance is one of the most serious problems for businesses in many economies, with small and medium-sized businesses struggling the most,” said Babson College Senior Lecturer and report co-author Caroline Daniels.
The average amount needed to start a business in 2004 was $54,000 and $65,000 in 2006. In 2015, the median amount was just $13,000.
“Although medians were used in 2015, as opposed to average amounts in previous reports, this drop does indicate a willingness among current entrepreneurs to start a business with fewer resources and the capability to do so. We think that this has to do with the influence of the internet,” said co-authors Mike Herrington and Penny Kew.
“This indicates a much stronger sense of self-reliance in the present economic climate,” adds Herrington.
Entrepreneurs are also increasing the proportion they invest on average—in 2014, they provided 66 percent of their startup capital, while in 2015 they provided 72 percent.
For many entrepreneurs, their own savings, as well as informal investments from neighbors, family, and friends played an important role; contributions from strangers was rarer. “Beginning life in a privileged position, therefore, still gives entrepreneurs a jump-start, particularly in Africa and North America, where rates of informal investment are highest,” says Kew.
The impact of informal investment on entrepreneurship is immense. Since 2012, an average of six percent of the global adult population have provided informal investment to an entrepreneur per year, totaling over $1 trillion between 2012 and 2015. This is an increase since the 2006 GEM report on financing, which calculated that four percent had provided informal investment, totaling $600 billion. (Note: 42 countries participated in the 2006 GEM survey, compared to 66 countries from 2012-2015).
The report shows that traditional forms of entrepreneurial finance are increasingly being supplemented by burgeoning sources such as peer-to-peer lending, crowdfunding, microfinance, and community cooperatives. At the same time, industries, business models, and the concept of the ‘marketplace’ is being redefined by mobile technology.
Daniels says globalization and the role of technology—including social media—cannot be underestimated, particularly in more developed nations. “Entrepreneurs in North America are substantially more likely to have access to more sophisticated sources of entrepreneurial funding, such as VC and crowdfunding,” she explains. “Fourteen percent of North American entrepreneurs are financed through crowdfunding. By contrast, Africa and Asia & Oceania, at just two percent, lag significantly in terms of access to this form of funding.”
Business is increasingly global, adds Daniels. “As the awareness of who has access to resources is growing, stakeholders are exploring ways to increase the types of financing available in all economies.” | <urn:uuid:bc5cab10-f850-461b-b273-95cf7d12e96d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://broccas.com/95-percent-of-entrepreneurs-worldwide-finance-their-own-startups/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.956879 | 740 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Johnny Depp is an American actor and producer as well as a musician. He has received numerous accolades, such as a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award.
His debut was the 1984 horror film A Nightmare on Elm Street before becoming well known as a teen idol on the TV show 21 Jump Street (1987–1990). His later appearance was in the peloton. His role as Captain Jack Sparrow is very famous.
As much as Johnny Depp’s current court battle with his ex-wife Amber Heard is known to all. He received the support of his admirers all over the world who supported him in this storyline where he was accused of domestic violence by Amber Heard. Despite the fact that we know about Depp’s battle because of the legal battle he won, his life has been full of conflict. Due to his parents’ conflict and the abuse he suffered from his mother, they helped make him the gentleman he is today. And the whole world respects him for that.
We know the actor has been through a lot. However, his experiences taught him many things. There were times when he used to dress up as Captain Jack Sparrow and go to hospitals to brighten the day of little children with cancer. Johnny is someone you would surely like to take inspiration from.
Therefore, here are some inspirational quotes from the legendary actor to energize your day.
“If someone hurt my family, a friend or someone I love, I would eat it.”
“If you love two people at the same time, choose the second.”
“Music touches us emotionally where words alone cannot.”
“My body is my diary and my tattoos are my story.”
“We are all damaged in our own way.”
Also Read: Johnny Depp’s Formal Looks Make Him Look Like The Gentleman Of Dreams | <urn:uuid:6c4086bd-6b23-4113-b910-1b5055fd9b64> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://5music.org/5-remarkable-johnny-depp-lines-the-whole-world-knows/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.989366 | 392 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Are BISD staff members required to be fully vaccinated against COVID-19?
In mid-August, Governor Jay Inslee announced a new directive legally requiring all K-12 school district employees to be fully vaccinated by Oct. 18, 2021. There are options for employees to request a medical or religious exemption.
Medical privacy laws prevent BISD from disclosing the vaccination status of our staff.
Vaccines are one layer of protection (along with mask-wearing, hand hygiene, physical distancing) to prevent the spread of COVID-19. | <urn:uuid:741b22f0-867c-40d4-bc75-c0c343f72096> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bisd303.org/site/default.aspx?PageType=3&ModuleInstanceID=25997&ViewID=7b97f7ed-8e5e-4120-848f-a8b4987d588f&RenderLoc=0&FlexDataID=31469&PageID=16386&Comments=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.922318 | 115 | 1.546875 | 2 |
We're lucky enough to have been treated to some stunning weather already this summer but it's fair to say that the sweltering heat can become uncomfortable at times.
It's not just us humans that get more than a little hot and bothered beneath the blistering sunrays; our canine companions feel it too.
While we can take cover in the shade and crack open a cold one after working up a sweat, the same can't be said for dogs.
With their sweat glands being confined to their nose and the pads on their feet, dogs largely regulate their body temperature through panting – which is much less efficient.
This means that dogs can experience the effects of the heat much more intensely than humans.
It doesn't take long for heatstroke to take effect and one of the biggest dangers facing dogs is being left in a hot car by their owners.
In 2016, the RSPCA's emergency hotline received 7,187 calls about animals in hot environments - the majority of which were regarding dogs.
In Cornwall, 120 such calls were received last month alone. The charity's key advice is for people to call 999.
RSPCA inspector Justin Stubbs said: "It's staggering to think that more than 7,000 people called us last year due to concerns about animals in the heat and most of these will have been dogs left in cars.
"Our message has been loud and clear for years: don't leave dogs alone in parked cars on warm days. And while it's reassuring that this message seems to be getting through to some people, ultimately we'd like this number to drop to zero."
In association with Carrs Volkswagen & Helston Garages we are asking all dog owners in Cornwall to share photos of their pooches being cool to help raise awareness of this issue.
All photos will be entered into a competition and the photo with the most public votes will win £250 worth of supermarket vouchers.
The winning pooch will be announced on Saturday, September 30 2017.
Remember to keep your pooches both looking and feeling cool this summer, and let us see your fun pictures!
All our competition terms and conditions can be found here . | <urn:uuid:216d90fa-8b0c-4a4b-976f-b9af037288f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cornwalllive.com/news/cornwall-news/coolest-dog-cornwall-summer-could-359989 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.977196 | 444 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Release date: 26 October 2020
West Sussex Fire & Rescue Service is honouring those who made the ultimate sacrifice this Remembrance Day with a special tribute on some of the county’s fire appliances.
Poppies and a poignant silhouette of First World War soldiers have been applied to the locker doors on a number of the service’s fire engines to mark Armistice Day on November 11.
The graphics will remain in place on the appliances throughout October and November.
Fire engines based at Chichester, Crawley, Horsham and Worthing have been fitted with the new graphics.
Chairman of West Sussex County Council, Janet Duncton, said: “Just like the poignant Tommy silhouettes that have appeared in many of our towns and villages across the county in recent years, this is a wonderful tribute to those who gave up their lives so that we could live ours today. The fire and rescue service, or the fire brigade as it would have been in the early part of the 20th Century, experienced great turmoil, as many of its ranks were depleted as people went off to the front, while those who stepped up in their place had to learn exceptionally quickly in the face of war.
“I know that many of our fire crews form a key part of their communities’ Remembrance Sunday parades and services, and so I think this is a wonderful addition to our fire engines, that will remind everyone who sees them that we will remember.”
Chief Fire Officer, Sabrina Cohen-Hatton, said: “I was so proud when I saw the first of our fire engines return this week sporting its new Remembrance Day tribute.
“With Remembrance Day services being scaled back this year in the wake of COVID-19, we felt it was more appropriate than ever that we pay tribute to those family members who gave up their lives for our freedoms.” | <urn:uuid:d479d47b-06de-4064-8e7b-a53cf84d6fa7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.westsussex.gov.uk/news/fire-service-pays-tribute-to-fallen-heroes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.976556 | 393 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Rage-reduction, holding, or attachment therapy
Are these practices that should be avoided?
In the 1969 movie, Change of Habit, Elvis Presley stars as an inner-city doctor and Mary Tyler Moore plays a nun who, in cognito, is collaborating with the doctor to improve life in a ghetto (see IMDb). In a subplot, Dr. Carpenter (Elvis) provided something like rage-reduction therapy for a little girl with autism; the child is cured in, like, one session. Readers can watch a produced version of the trailer on YouTube:
Of course, rage-reduction therapy didn’t work quite the way it was depicted in the movie. For those who know about rage-reduction therapy, this is no surprise.
The theory is that by having the patient rage, the patient’s “inner anger” will be dissipated—Hence, rage-reduction therapy. Rage-reduction therapy is sometimes recommended for children (and youths) who have “reactive attachment disorder,” who have experienced horrible early lives, who have autism, who are “maladjusted,” and so forth.
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Subscribe to Special Education Today to keep reading this post and get 7 days of free access to the full post archives. | <urn:uuid:5b2cf77b-cde6-4c76-9513-ba401304acee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.specialeducationtoday.com/p/rage-reduction-holding-or-attachment | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.928256 | 300 | 2.859375 | 3 |
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