text stringlengths 160 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 2 values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 48 145k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
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by Petty, Kate.Series: Franklin Watts first library Published by : F. Watts, (New York :) Physical details: 30 p. : col. ill. ; 22 cm. ISBN:0531102858. Year: 1987
|Item type||Current location||Call number||Status||Date due||Barcode|
|Books||National Park School||E P (Browse shelf)||Available||53181|
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|E O Nancy Clancy sees the future /||E O Nancy Clancy, star of stage and screen /||E O Fancy Nancy and the boy from Paris /||E P Trucks /||E P It's Halloween /||E P Here comes winter /||E P Merry Christmas, Amelia Bedelia /|
Text and pictures introduce some different kinds of trucks and the work they do.
3.5 Follett Library Resources | <urn:uuid:45258fcc-f5c0-463d-9e39-71688630d206> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://library.npelem.com/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=1202&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=1263 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.714183 | 202 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Lyndsey McKeown is a Registered Social Worker with the Ontario College of Social Workers and Social Service Workers (OCSWSSW), and holds a Bachelor of Social Work and Masters of Social Work degree. She has over 10 years experience working in the mental health and trauma field, working in areas of Early Psychosis Intervention, Interpersonal Trauma, Group Therapy for Child Sexual Abuse for Adults and Active Military Mental Health Services – Psychosocial and General Mental Health. Lyndsey has expertise in childhood trauma and operational stress injuries with military and first responders.
She integrates the use of several evidence-based frameworks in her practice, including Dialectical Behaviour Skills Therapy, Cognitive Processing Therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Attachment-Based Therapy and Mindfulness. Lyndsey is also trained in Equine Facilitated Therapy (EFT). Facilitated Equine Experiential Learning (FEEL) is designed to support a therapeutic and learning experience that will enable you to learn about yourself and facilitate personal growth. It offers engaging and dynamic activities to promote insights and self awareness with you and your horse partner that will motivate and enable you to believe in your strengths and abilities to catalyze change. Sessions with a horse focus on the relationship between you and the horse as the sacred healing place. Horse activities are completed on the ground and do not require horse experience.
Additionally, she is trained in EMDR (Eye-Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) Therapy, Military Informed EMDR, Equine-Facilitated Trauma Therapy and EA-EMDR / EquiLateral Protocol (Equine Assisted-EMDR). All while fusing in mindfulness and self compassion skills to sessions. "Let a horse whisper in your ear and breathe on your heart. You will never regret it." ~ Author Unknown
"I truly believe in the alternative based healing that horses provide which is achieved through the creation of a sacred and supportive space that is heart-centered and soul led with the horse playing the role of an integral partner in this process. Horses offer humans a sense of strength, freedom, vitality and compassion. I have seen and received the teachings and transformations horses can offer and hope to share this with you. Come experience this journey with a horse teacher, and embrace a new way of being. Radiate your brilliance and stand in your shining!"
Outside of my work I enjoy spending time with my horses, the farm and reconnecting with nature as my healing and quiet time!" | <urn:uuid:7303376f-bb95-4323-bbd4-0ebf6ba36c6d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.thetraumacentre.ca/lyndsey-mckeown.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.944122 | 510 | 1.523438 | 2 |
This digital map database, compiled from previously published and unpublished data, and new mapping by the authors, represents the general distribution of bedrock and surficial deposits in the mapped area. Together with the accompanying text file (nesfmf.ps, nesfmf.pdf, nesfmf.txt), it provides current information on the geologic structure and stratigraphy of the area covered. The database delineates map units that are identified by general age and lithology following the stratigraphic nomenclature of the U.S. Geological Survey. The scale of the source maps limits the spatial resolution (scale) of the database to 1:62,500 or smaller.
|Title||Geologic map and map database of northeastern San Francisco Bay region, California: Most of Solano County and parts of Napa, Marin, Contra Costa, San Joaquin, Sacramento, Yolo, and Sonoma Counties|
|Authors||Russell Walter Graymer, David Lawrence Jones, Earl E. Brabb|
|Publication Subtype||USGS Numbered Series|
|Series Title||Miscellaneous Field Studies Map|
|Record Source||USGS Publications Warehouse|
|USGS Organization||Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center| | <urn:uuid:df2653bf-c339-4b7e-aaa6-a9b2ffe7e497> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.usgs.gov/maps/geologic-map-and-map-database-northeastern-san-francisco-bay-region-california-most-solano | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.716673 | 316 | 2.296875 | 2 |
The questions, discussion topics, and reading list that follow are intended to enhance your reading group’s discussion of Benediction
, a story of life and death, and the ties that bind, by the best-selling and beloved author of Plainsong
When Dad Lewis is diagnosed with terminal cancer, he and his wife, Mary, must work together to make his final days as comfortable as possible. Their daughter, Lorraine, hastens back from Denver to the high plains town of Holt, Colorado, to help look after him; her devotion softens the absence of their son, Frank, whose estrangement cannot be willed away and remains a bitter fact the three of them must face. Next door, a young girl named Alice moves in with her grandmother and contends with the painful memories of her own mother’s death stirred up by Dad’s condition. Meanwhile, the town’s newly arrived preacher attempts to mend his strained relationships with his wife and teenage son, a task that proves all the more challenging when he faces the disdain of his congregation after offering more than they are accustomed to getting on a Sunday morning. And throughout, an elderly widow and her middle-aged daughter do everything they can to ease the pain of their friends and neighbors.
Despite the travails each of these families face, together they form bonds strong enough to carry them through the most difficult of times. Bracing, sad, and deeply illuminating, Benediction captures the fullness of life by representing every stage of it, including its extinction, as well as the hopes and dreams that sustain us along the way. Here Kent Haruf gives us his most indelible portrait yet of this small town, revealing with grace and insight the compassion, suffering, and humanity of its inhabitants.
Questions and Topics for Discussion
1. Two of Haruf’s previous novels set in Holt, Plainsong and Eventide, followed the same groups of characters, but Benediction mentions them only in passing. Have you read those two novels? Do you think reading them would increase your enjoyment of Benediction?
2. The book’s epigraph is a definition of the word “benediction”: “the utterance of a blessing, an invocation of blessedness.” Why is it an appropriate title for this novel?
3. Discuss the character called Dad. Why do you think Haruf gave him that name? What does it signify?
4. What do we learn about Dad from the episode with Clayton? Why does Dad hallucinate a visit from Clayton’s wife?
5. There are many parental relationships in the novel: Dad and Mary and Lorraine, Willa and Alene, Lyle and John Wesley, for example. What makes some stronger than others?
6. Alice has many substitute mothers. Why do so many of the women want to take care of her? Who does she seem to respond to best?
7. One parental relationship in particular haunts the story: Dad and Frank. How does Dad feel about Frank at the end?
8. On page 43, Lyle counsels a couple who want to get married: “Love is the most important part of life, isn’t it. If you have love you can live in this world in a true way and if you love each other you can see past everything and accept what you don’t understand and forgive what you don’t know or don’t like.” How does this relate to his own life?
9. Why is Lyle’s sermon so inflammatory? What point is Haruf making about religion?
10. When Lyle goes out walking at night, he says he’s in search of “the precious ordinary.” (Page 162) What does he mean by that?
11. After Mary goes to Denver in search of Frank, she’s treated kindly by several strangers. What does this tell us about Mary, or about city life?
12. Lorraine has lost a child and is in an unfulfilling relationship. Do you think she’ll be happy to move back to Holt and take over Dad’s store? How do you imagine that will go?
13. Change is a theme that runs through the novel—fast change, slow change, changes in small-town living, changes in religion, changes in characters’ relationships. What larger point is Haruf making?
14. Why does John Wesley attempt suicide? Why doesn’t he go through with it?
15. What does Dad learn from the “visits” by his parents and Frank? Does Dad have regrets about his life?
16. Reread the closing paragraphs of the book. Why does Haruf end the novel this way?
17. Haruf’s language and punctuation are so plain, the writing is nearly austere. How does its simplicity contribute to the mood of the story?
18. In an interview in Publishers Weekly about Benediction, Haruf said: “In some ways, what happens in Holt happens in Denver, in Minneapolis, everywhere. Death is a fact of life, no matter where you live. Taking care of the dying is a necessity everywhere. Those are not conditions exclusive to small towns.” Did he succeed in making his story feel universal?
About this Author
Kent Haruf’s honors include a Whiting Foundation Writers’ Award, the Mountains and Plains Booksellers Award, the Wallace Stegner Award, and a special citation from the PEN/Hemingway Foundation; he has also been a finalist for the National Book Award, the Los Angeles Times Book Prize, and the New Yorker Book Award. He lives with his wife, Cathy, in their native Colorado.
by Kent Haruf; An Unfinished Life
by Mark Spragg; The Bartender’s Tale
by Ivan Doig; The Orchardist
by Amanda Coplin; In Open Spaces
by Russell Rowland; The Power of the Dog
by Thomas Savage. | <urn:uuid:2403fef6-d125-4a1f-ae26-262d63ea34ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/219368/benediction-by-kent-haruf/9780307950420/readers-guide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.958537 | 1,283 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Use the filters to see resources in a selected language, or use the search box to find what you need. Some resources can be ordered – check the resource entry for details.
This poster, in Punjabi, explains simple steps you can take to protect yourself and your community from respitory illnesses like COVID-19 and influenza.
This social GIF, in Punjabi, provides information about how you can protect yourself and your community from respiratory illnesses like COVID-19 and influenza.
This video, with Punjabi captions, explains that this winter your best protection against severe illness from COVID-19 and influenza is vaccination.
This brochure provides information about whooping cough (pertussis) vaccination in pregnancy.Part of a collection: Maternal vaccination Campaign (whooping cough)
This brochure, in Punjabi, provides information about influenza vaccination in pregnancy.Part of a collection: Maternal vaccination campaign (influenza)
This radio advertisement, in Punjabi, encourages people in Australia to stay healthy this winter by getting their flu shot and staying up to date with COVID-19 vaccinations. | <urn:uuid:45185ec0-6a5e-4c4f-9f25-ecda317f04de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.health.gov.au/resources/translated?f%5B0%5D=field_language%3A1101 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.870462 | 241 | 2.125 | 2 |
Proper Session/DbContext lifecycle management
Most “heavy” object-relational mappers (ORMs) have an interface that provides more than just easy querying of the database. They also are implementations of two key patterns:
For NHibernate, this is the ISession interface, and for Entity Framework, this is the DbContext class. Because these two classes are implementations of the Unit of Work pattern, we need to consider this as we design the lifecycle of these ORM interfaces. Reviewing a Unit of Work, it:
Maintains a list of objects affected by a business transaction and coordinates the writing out of changes and the resolution of concurrency problems.
99% of the problems I see with bad session management is not understanding the Unit of Work pattern. Unit of Work is all about defining a “business transaction” and from there tailoring your session management accordingly. I’ll refer to both the ISession and DbContext objects as a “session” to make it easier.
Most of the time, a “business transaction” should be the same as a “database transaction”, and I usually make these one and the same. From an user interaction of view, there’s an expectation of transaction around operations. Click a button, hit “save” are all expectations that an operation succeeds or fails, but not both. In short, our session and transaction boundaries should be:
- For web applications, use a session per request
- For thick-client applications, use session per operation/command
In fact, this is exactly what both NHibernate and Microsoft recommend in the documentation. Pretty simple, no? In a web application, a common way of achieving this is to scope a session to an HttpContext instance. You can use filters in MVC or Application events (BeginRequest/EndRequest) to begin/commit transactions. The key though is all code using a session needs to be using the same instance. This is why I typically use the container to control lifecycle – it’s far too easy to screw this up yourself, and far easier to test when your business logic is unconcerned with transactions.
Sessions and repositories
If you’re using a repository, you shouldn’t be opening or closing sessions/transactions. Business transaction boundaries are a concern of the application, not low-level services. Don’t do this:
Consumers of your repository don’t know that you’re opening and closing sessions, nor should they. It’s completely non-obvious and potentially nasty behavior. If a user calls “Save” twice and then “Delete” in the context of one business operation, “Delete” could fail but the two “Save” calls succeed! Very nasty behavior, indeed! Even if we merely open/close sessions for reads (I’ve seen this done to prevent lazy-loading), it’s still not obvious and prevents us from using the Unit of Work and Identity Map functionality. Again, not a good idea.
Instead, our repository should merely consume a session:
Control of the business transaction is restored back to the application.
In short, a session represents a unit of work, a unit of work represents a business transaction, and a business transaction almost always represents a user interface operation. Tailor your session lifecycle around user interface operations (requests for web, commands for thick client) and your ORM will give you predictable, obvious results. | <urn:uuid:9280691a-47f9-4fa1-993f-6aa6821566a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lostechies.com/jimmybogard/2013/12/20/proper-sessiondbcontext-lifecycle-management/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.898299 | 741 | 1.953125 | 2 |
One year we spent the day walking around Homebase looking for anti-mould ceiling paint. Another year we spent the day in a children’s soft play area watching our kids scream gleefully, running amok with other children.
When it comes to celebrating Valentine’s Day my husband and I don’t really go in for the throes of romance.
But, well, we’ve been together 13 years and married for nearly nine. You can’t keep the fire going forever, can you?
It wasn’t always like this. Those early, youthful, child-free Valentine’s Days were spent snuggled in a cosy restaurant corner together – a candle flickering on the table between us, a glass of wine in our hands, whispering sweet nothings.
But then we married and had two children and it was out with the sweet nothings, and in with the bickering about the gas bill.
I’ve asked around and many of my married 40-something friends are just the same.
‘We don’t even send Valentine’s cards anymore,’ one friend confided in me. ‘And if he did send me one, I’d think he was up to something or feeling guilty.’
Another scoffed: ‘Valentine’s Day is for card companies. You don’t need a national day to tell you to feel ‘in love.’’
So what happens? Why do we stop caring about big romantic days like Valentine’s?
Are they important? Is it a way of remembering – just for one day – to keep romance alive?
Psychologist Dr Angharad Rudkin says: ‘When you’ve been together a long time it’s easy to prioritise everything else over the constant partner. But as with anything in nature, our relationships need nurturing.’
But surely we don’t need a set day to do this? I’ve come to believe that Valentine’s Day is more for younger people still burning with passion - and more about spending cash on cards and flowers than being truly grateful for your long-suffering other half.
Dr Rudkin says, though, that however commercialised Valentine’s Day has become, and no matter how long you’ve been together, it can be an important time to take stock. She also says the ‘currency’ doesn’t have to be cards or chocolates.
She says: ‘Use Valentine's day as a reminder to show your partner how much you value them, through a currency they understand whether that's gifts, words or actions. We reap what we sow in relationships, so give as much as you can and enjoy the harvest.’
All this in mind, I’ve had a bit of an epiphany and decided that perhaps it’s time to rethink my attitude to Valentine’s Day.
Yes, it’s commercialised.
Yes, it’s basically an excuse for greeting cards companies to make you pay for an overpriced sloppy card that will end up in the bin.
But maybe, just maybe, it’s actually an important kick up the proverbial to remember that your other half is not just there to put the bins out/ argue with over the washing up/ nick the duvet from.
Maybe St Valentine reminds us that we should be thankful for our other halves – and show it – even if it is just with a cup of tea and a biscuit. | <urn:uuid:500c2cbb-e692-4d55-87f7-b44ddfa0a1e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.redonline.co.uk/red-women/a531357/celebrating-valentines-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.948366 | 756 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Common Name: Black Pepper
Botanical Name: Piper nigrum L.
Production Method: steam distilled, an oleoresin is also made by solvent extraction.
Properties and Uses: Analgesic, Antiemetic, Aphrodisiac, Cardiac, Detoxifying, Digestive, Stimulant, and Tonyifying
Botanical Safety Information: Non-toxic at low levels. Possible skin irritant. High levels may damage kidneys.
Never Miss An Update
Attracting new email subscriptions is a great use for a popup, but you can also use it for other purposes, like an 'agree-to-terms' entry point, or to link directly to pages and products in your shop. | <urn:uuid:ef5522ce-3717-43bd-b2f4-319fbeb68260> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cherylsherbs.com/collections/essential-oils-and-absolutes/products/black-pepper-essential-oil | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.859461 | 156 | 1.648438 | 2 |
However, the biggest mistake Silicon Valley could make right now is resting on its laurels and pedigree because there are a crop of emerging tech hubs looking to usurp it. A top contender is China’s Greater Bay Area which consists of Hong Kong, Macau and the Guangdong region.
The defining tech race of our time is underway, and while any new opponent to Silicon Valley’s reign will likely be viewed as the underdog, China’s chances look formidable. That’s because not only does China boast an impressive tech center of its own, it has the lessons learnt by Silicon Valley that can help mould the Greater Bay Area tech sector. Below are three lessons China’s tech hubs can learn from Silicon Valley to become dominant tech players.
1. Lifestyle Is Key
The San Francisco Bay Area’s appeal and the sheer amount of jobs available have drawn people far and wide to Silicon Valley for years, but now more Americans are leaving the area than moving to it. In fact, a recent think-tank of Bay Area residents found that 46% plan to leave the area within the next few years. This is because of the soaring cost of living, congested traffic and a greedy culture consumed by money and power.
China has a blueprint in Silicon Valley of how not to let tech innovation supersede the livelihoods of their citizens. By prioritizing affordable housing and utilizing tech innovation to solve problems such as homelessness and pollution that plague the Bay Area, China can create a much more desirable tech sector that attracts and retains people.
2. Education and Hard Work
The United States has long lagged behind China in education, particularly in the growing field of STEM, where many of today’s most talented young students are pursuing exciting and revolutionary careers in tech. On top of that, the innate cultural values of China prioritize hard work above all else. Innovation comes through iteration, but at the same time, China must brace itself for failure along the way.
Silicon Valley wasn’t built in a day. Learning and growing from mistakes made along the way, while maintaining that focus on hard work and education, will help China carve out a winning path for tech dominance. By making STEM opportunities available to all from an early age and cultivating an environment of innovation, China’s brightest minds can pursue careers that can buoy their ascension into a global tech player. Moreover, with an intellectual infrastructure of leading universities, it will attract the most talented tech minds from all over the world.
3. Diversity and Inclusion
An inclusive and collaborative environment is critical for appealing to top talent, retaining them and cultivating the best possible ideas for mass innovation. While still a crippling problem in Silicon Valley, China’s best bet of passing the OG tech sector would be to develop a tech hub with diversity and inclusion built into its foundation. After all, a diverse talent pool is the best fuel for innovation.
China should actively work on creating policies and clauses around diversity and corporate culture to foster welcoming, inclusive workplace environments from the get-go. This will ultimately encourage greater levels of entrepreneurship and scalability of the tech companies that emerge—companies that will have matured with a diverse group of employees that place the utmost stock in different perspectives in order to serve as global innovators.
Interested in learning more about the tech race between the San Francisco Bay Area and China’s emerging Greater Bay Area? Be sure to check out our Bay to Bay event series, kicking off October 31st in Hong Kong and December 4th in San Francisco. We’ll explore how innovation is evolving and highlight the style of entrepreneurialism and leadership that is increasingly shaping the world we live in. For more information, visit baytobay.com. | <urn:uuid:a5940d03-0918-4aac-87c9-96433faccbfd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.teamlewis.com/asia/magazine/bay-to-bay-three-lessons-chinas-tech-hubs-can-learn-from-silicon-valley/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.946895 | 765 | 3 | 3 |
Following the same pattern of predictions as the one that led to last month’s devastating Blaster worm, security analysts have begun to focus on the new crop of Microsoft Windows vulnerabilities and the attack tools created to take advantage of them — all of which could indicate that a potential new family of computer worms is in the works.
One week after Microsoft warned of new vulnerabilities in Windows’ Remote Procedure Call (RPC) protocol — the same software that opened nearly half a million machines to Blaster’s attack — attack code already is being circulated on the Internet, according to security intelligence company iDefense.
Experts, who said a worm that uses the attack code is highly likely to emerge, indicated that last month’s virus outbreaks now have corporate and home users on alert, which could make widespread system-patching more likely to occur. However, security experts again expressed concern over the shortened time between a vulnerability’s disclosure and its exploit.
Reporting that the attack code coming from China is now available on the Internet, iDefense said the new code is limited to Windows 2000 machines even though the latest RPC vulnerabilities affect all recent versions of Windows.
Ken Dunham, iDefense malicious code intelligence manager who said computers are already under attack from the tool, also told TechNewsWorld about another piece of exploit software that would work for Windows XP.
“What we’re going to see is all of the operating systems that are exploitable by this attack are going to come under fire,” Dunham said, adding that, like last time, attackers are deploying stealth tactics — primarily trojan programs that can silently take control of vulnerable machines and force them into denial-of-service attacks.
On the basis of the wide distribution of the vulnerability and the release of similar exploit code in the case of the previous RPC holes, security experts predicted the Blaster worm weeks before it made its way into thousands of machines. Those same predictions also are coming with the new vulnerabilities disclosed by Microsoft on September 10th.
“We see the same exploit activity as we did with the first RPC vulnerability,” Dunham said. “It’s pretty much identical, except we see more people downloading a patch from Microsoft.”
Still, given that there are hundreds of thousands of potential targets, Dunham said a new worm could spread rapidly among many of them.
Users On Guard
Analysts said the threat of a new worm is somewhat mitigated by heightened security awareness following last month’s outbreaks, which included Blaster, Nachi and SoBig.F.
“A lot of the success [of a virus or worm] depends at least somewhat on people letting down their guard, and right now I would think people have their guard up,” Forrester industry analyst Jan Sundgren told TechNewsWorld.
Dunham added that as time goes on and more systems are patched, the potential for impact from attacks will be reduced.
Cut, Paste and Infect
However, Dunham said that a worm similar to Blaster is likely to emerge not only because of the vulnerabilities recently disclosed by Microsoft, but also because the blueprints for attack are so readily available.
“The probability of a worm in this case is higher,” he said. “We already have worm code available to a large number of people underground.”
A worm would be easy, Dunham added. “You’ve got Blaster source code available and the source code of the exploit to this new one,” he said. “It’s a cut-and-paste procedure to put together a worm that would be effective right away.”
Forrester’s Sundgren expressed concern over the narrowing time window between disclosure of a vulnerability, availability of a patch and the eventual exploit, saying it makes the often-difficult task of patching even more urgent.
Dunham said that while viruses and worms of the past could be classified as file- or drive-based infections, the latest threats exploit vulnerabilities like never before, showing that significant numbers of computers go unpatched.
“It used to be vulnerabilities and viruses didn’t go together too much,” he said. “Now, everything’s a blended threat to some degree. We are just going to see an onslaught of vulnerability-based attacks.” | <urn:uuid:3e16fef1-f5bd-4ff1-b5dc-106487bdb14c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.linuxinsider.com/story/windows-attack-tools-circulate-another-virus-feared-31603.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952878 | 907 | 2.046875 | 2 |
In an article discussing Australia’s inadequate response to the challenges of climate change, it might seem strange to start by citing the argument in John D’Arcy May’s address, World religions: a force for war or global peace? May’s paper refers to the Greek word oikos (house) as an essential element in an interreligious collaboration containing three dimensions:
- Economy, the household of economics, finance and trade.
- Ecology, the household of climate and the natural world.
- Ecumenism, the household of ethical values and religions.
Considering they need to be viewed as an integrated whole, May argues that – if they are to offer a vision of hope in a troubled world – the world’s religions need to move beyond comparison to communication and collaboration.
After apparently boycotting the September UN Climate Change Summit in New York, Prime Minister Morrison responded to criticisms of Australia’s efforts to reduce emissions by insisting that Australia was pulling its weight, assserting that children had “a right not just to their future, but also to their optimism”.
If governments around the world, and in particular the Australian government, would genuinely envisage the world as oikos, encompassing economy, ecology, and ecumenism, their responses to climate change challenges would doubtless be more wholesome than they are. But our ability to embrace ambitious reductions in greenhouse gases is limited by insisting that the economy is by far the preeminent issue.
Bill Hare, in his article, The good, the bad & the ugly: the nations leading & failing on climate change, cites data from Climate Action Tracker, an independent scientific analysis, which places Australia among a group of nations actually delaying climate change action. He notes that our emissions are today at a seven-year high, and yet the government remains unwavering in its commitment to fossil fuels.
Australia’s current target for 2030 commits to a reduction in emissions by at least 26% below 2005 levels. The government’s Climate Change Authority acknowledged this target ranks us at or near the bottom of comparable countries. Professor Andy Pitman, head of the Climate Change Research Centre at the University of NSW, says the 26% cut is only about a third of what is needed. Opinion surveys drawn from large samples show clearly that between 70%-80% of Australians across a full range of stakeholder groups consider our climate change response seriously inadequate.
Millions demand urgent action on climate change
Some 300,000 people marched in Australia in support of the student-inspired demonstrations on 20 September, three days before the UN Climate Summit in New York, indicating how many are acutely dissatisfied with the government’s minimalist response to climate change. They do not share the optimism the Prime Minister claims is their ‘right’.
On 20 and 27 September, up to 7.6 million people joined similar demonstrations worldwide. There is enormous public pressure on governments to address climate change, not just in economic aspects, but equally from the perspective of the ecology and ethics. The Paris Agreement was not just about setting and achieving an emissions target, but also about efforts to limit temperature increase to 1.5℃. To achieve this target, countries like Australia will need to rethink the ethical implications of their current efforts, and commit to ambitious targets and policy responses. It is worrying that not only is Australia pursuing very modest targets to 2030, but it has also not indicated targets to which it may commit for the decades following 2030.
At the recent Pacific Islands Forum, Australia’s position concerning coal was heavily criticised. Nonetheless, Australia was a signatory to the final statement committing to efforts to limit global warming to 1.5℃ and to produce a 2050 strategy by 2020! If a strategy for 2050 is soon to be developed, there will be a new opportunity for the Australian people to assess whether there is an appropriate balance between the economy, ecology, and ethics.
In the spirit of contributing to a hope-filled world, we include an article by Dan Yore, Bala ga Lili : a remote Arnhem Land school’s approach could hold a key to reimagining the world. While questioning the approaches our education system takes to reimagining an improved world, Dan takes heart from a process being developed in Arnhem Land for a Both-Ways learning system which seeks to inform and reconcile the scientific worldview with the traditional worldview of the aboriginal people with whom he lives and works.
Three further articles, while not in the same spirit of hope, are certainly within the spirit of oikos. Marc Purcell, in Arrest the decline of aid, & reset its paradigm, calls for the political will and vision to achieve the Australian development cooperation program all Australians and our neighbours should have.
Carmela Chivers, in Rising inequality in Australia isn’t about incomes: it’s almost all about housing, notes that rapidly rising housing costs are affecting the poor harshly, adding to inequality. Chivers estimates that building an extra 50,000 homes a year for the next decade would make house prices and rents 10% to 20% lower than they otherwise would be.
SPC member Gary Harkin, in Making our economic system socially responsible, offers a glimmer of hope that some re-weighting of parameters, such as social equality, environmental issues, and governance, may be occurring in the big business space. Let’s hope he is correct.
Social Policy Connections
John D’Arcy May believes religions may well prove indispensable to the formulation of an ethic of survival, offering a divided world a vision of hope. At Social Policy Connections (SPC), we continue to endeavour to sustain a genuinely ecumenical base for our approach to contemporary social justice issues. We continue in dialogue with faith-based organisations seeking to lift our voice in the public forum.
Sadly, the findings of the Royal Commission have exposed great failings in governance and responsibility in our churches, and greatly diminished their claim to influence in the public domain. Yet the need for faith-based organisations to speak is still great. We see an important role for SPC in responding to that need, and encourage your continuing support, as we strive to create a hopeful world. | <urn:uuid:36d17eb9-5bd8-4390-8e3d-5f8611e7ab23> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.socialpolicyconnections.com.au/?p=15879 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.942576 | 1,284 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Aruncus dioicus 'Zweiweltenkind'
Zweiweltenkind Goatsbeard foliage
(Photo courtesy of NetPS Plant Finder)
Height: 3 feet
Spread: 30 inches
Hardiness Zone: 4a
Other Names: Goat's Beard
Airy plumes of cream colored flowers rise on this more compact form of goatsbeard; great plant for the edges of bogs and other moist areas of the garden
Zweiweltenkind Goatsbeard features airy spikes of creamy white flowers at the ends of the stems from late spring to mid summer. The flowers are excellent for cutting. Its pointy compound leaves remain emerald green in color throughout the season.
Zweiweltenkind Goatsbeard is an herbaceous perennial with an upright spreading habit of growth. Its medium texture blends into the garden, but can always be balanced by a couple of finer or coarser plants for an effective composition.
This is a relatively low maintenance plant, and is best cleaned up in early spring before it resumes active growth for the season. Deer don't particularly care for this plant and will usually leave it alone in favor of tastier treats. It has no significant negative characteristics.
Zweiweltenkind Goatsbeard is recommended for the following landscape applications;
- Mass Planting
- General Garden Use
- Bog Gardens
Planting & Growing
Zweiweltenkind Goatsbeard will grow to be about 3 feet tall at maturity, with a spread of 30 inches. Its foliage tends to remain dense right to the ground, not requiring facer plants in front. It grows at a medium rate, and under ideal conditions can be expected to live for approximately 15 years. As an herbaceous perennial, this plant will usually die back to the crown each winter, and will regrow from the base each spring. Be careful not to disturb the crown in late winter when it may not be readily seen!
This plant does best in partial shade to shade. It is quite adaptable, prefering to grow in average to wet conditions, and will even tolerate some standing water. It is not particular as to soil type or pH. It is somewhat tolerant of urban pollution. Consider applying a thick mulch around the root zone over the growing season to conserve soil moisture. This is a selected variety of a species not originally from North America. It can be propagated by division; however, as a cultivated variety, be aware that it may be subject to certain restrictions or prohibitions on propagation. | <urn:uuid:8af07395-9aeb-4456-b910-501a6654385c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://plants.plants-unlimited.com/12120038/Plant/5988/Zweiweltenkind_Goatsbeard | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.908578 | 555 | 1.984375 | 2 |
VARICOCELE-TYPES, CAUSES AND NATURAL REMEDIES
A varicocele is the swelling in the scrotum caused by a collection of abnormally large blood vessels (veins) in the scrotum. This is due to dilatation of the testicular vein which drains the scrotum and testicle and is a form of varicose vein. They are often described as feeling like “a bag of worms”.
A varicocele occurs in approximately 1 in 8 men and it is usually first noticed between the ages of 12 to 28. The incidence is noted to be higher in infertile couples, often up to 30%. They usually occur on the left-hand side but can occur on both sides of the scrotum. They occur more frequently on the left side as a result of the differing anatomy of the veins from which varicoceles result on the left-hand side of the body compared to the right.
Usually, veins have a one-way valve that allows blood to flow from an organ to the heart and not the reverse. However, sometimes these valves fail and in this case, this results in blood pooling around the testicle in the scrotum due to gravity. This eventually leads to the veins enlarging and forming a varicocele.
TYPES OF VARICOCELE
There are two types of varicocele based on how the dysfunctional veins affect the body. The key difference between the classifications is how the varicocele affects the internal and external iliac vein
PRESSURE VARICOCELES lead to retrograde blood pooling of the internal spermatic vein resulting in the varicocele.
However, there is no varicocele to the internal or external iliac vein. This type of varicocele usually falls under the Grade I category.
SHUNT VARICOCELES have a severe pooling of blood that result in a large varicocele forming where damaged veins expand to the internal or external iliac vein. This type of varicocele is typically under the Grades II and III categories.
VARICOCELE RISK FACTORS
Although most men with varicoceles are able to father children, and have no symptoms associated with this condition, many men can have effects from these dilated veins. These include:
- Testicular pain on the affected side
- Testicular atrophy, described as decrease in growth, or loss in size of the testicle on the effected side.
- Infertility can be caused by varicoceles, and this issue is typically diagnosed upon obtaining a semen analysis demonstrating abnormalities in sperm count, shape, and/or motility.
CAUSES OF VARICOCELE
- One explanation for varicoceles is that the valves in the spermatic cords, which carry blood to and from the testicles, stop working correctly.
- Why this happens is not entirely clear, but it is similar to what happens when varicose veins occur in the leg.
- One-way valves in the veins should always allow blood to flow toward the heart. Faulty valves can disrupt the blood flow. The blood pools rather than moving smoothly on. This build-up of blood causes the vessels to dilate.
- As with any other organ, a disruption in blood flow can eventually stop it from working properly.
Pain: Aching pain when an individual has been standing or sitting for long periods of time and pressure builds up on the affected veins. Typically, painful varicoceles are prominent in size.
Fertility Problems: There is an association between varicoceles and infertility. The incidence of varicocele increases to 30 percent in infertile couples. Decreased sperm count, decreased motility of sperm, and an increase in the number of deformed sperm are related to varicoceles. Some experts believe that blocked and enlarged veins around the testes, called varicoceles, cause infertility by raising the temperature in the scrotum and decreasing sperm production.
Testicular Atrophy: Shrinking of the testicles is another sign of varicoceles.
COMPLICATIONS OF VARICOCELE
Infertility is a complication of varicocele.
Complications from surgery may include:
- Atrophic testis
- Blood clot formation
- Injury to the scrotum or nearby blood vessel
NATURAL METHODS TO CURE VARICOCELE
Going for surgery isn’t the only option for men who suffer from varicocele. Some home remedies include:
- Avoiding alcohol
- Consuming foods with high fiber content
- Avoid lifting heavy objects
- Exercise regularly
It is always a joy to have children and start a family. But for some couples, it just seems like an impossible option. Infertility is an issue that has created many problems for couples emotionally and mentally.
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3rd Floor, 473, Lagos-Abeokuta Express Way, UBA Building, U-turn Bus Stop, Abule Egba, Lagos, Nigeria.
Mon – Friday (9.00 a.m. – 5.00 p.m.) Nigerian Time
Saturday (10.00 a.m. – 2.00 p.m.) Nigerian Time
Our Office is Close on Sunday but you can Whatsapp, Call, Email Us.
CALL: 08178871052 OR +234-8038690104
EMAIL: [email protected]
OTHER TREATMENT WE OFFER:
The following are some of the treatments we offer Alphabetically (A-Z):
- Azoospermia/Zero Sperm Count Natural treatment
- Abdominal pain Natural treatment
- Adnomyosis natural treatment
- Amenorrhea Natural treatment
- Anemia natural treatment
- Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis Natural treatment
- Appendicitis Natural treatment without surgery
- Asthma Natural treatment
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome(AIDS) natural treatment
- Asthenospermia Natural Treatment
- Anorgasmia Natural Treatment
- Aspermia Natural Treatment
- Candidiasis Natural treatment
- Cancer Natural treatment
- Cervical Polyps Natural treatment
- Cholesterol Natural treatment
- Chlamydia Infection Natural treatment
- Fibroids Natural Treatment (without surgery)
- Fallopain Tube Blockage Natural Treatment (Without Surgery)
- Female Infertility Natural treatment
- Hydrosalpinx Natural Treatment
- Hydrocele Natural Treatment
- Hormonal imbalance Natural treatment
- Hypertension Natural treatment
- Hemorrhoids Natural Treatment
- PCOS (Polycystic Ovary syndrome)Natural treatment
- Parkinson disease Natural Treatment
- Prostatitis Natural Treatment
- Prostate Cancer Natural Treatment
- Polyps Natural Treatment
- PID (Pelvic Inflammatory Disease) Natural Treatment
- Premature Ejaculation
- Pancreatitis Natural Treatment
- STD (Sexually Transmitted Disease) Natural Treatment
- Sexual Debility Natural Treatment
- Seminal Infection
- Spermatorrhea Natural Treatment
- Tuberculosis Natural Treatment
- Teratozoospermia Natural Treatment
- Testiscular Atropy or hypoplastic without surgery
- Varicocele Natural Treatment (without surgery)
- Vaginitis Natural Treatment
- Vaginal Infection and Natural treatment
- Vagina Bleeding Natural treatment | <urn:uuid:05e0c3d7-4ef2-4608-9d46-9306d25292ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iaswellnesscentre.ng/varicocele-types-causes-and-natural-remedies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.869914 | 1,815 | 2.5 | 2 |
This article was written by Sorcha DeHeer
Fired Up About Reproductive Rights by Jane Kirby
Jane Kirby’s pocket-sized book is a great resource for anyone, no matter how familiar they are with reproductive rights. The topics are well thought out and carefully explained in a way that is accessible and easy to read. Not only does Kirby cover birth control and abortion but also coerced sterilization, eugenics and population control. It is history and praxis wrapped in orange paper. The book concludes with a call to action and a recognition of the topics the book wasn’t able to cover.
The Home for Unwanted Girls by Joanna Goodman
Historical fiction has long been one of my favourite genres. The Home for Unwanted Girls is a heart-wrenching story of the Duplessis orphans in Quebec during the 19050s. Goodman manages to craft a beautifully written story while delving into French-English tensions and how our identities are shaped by the world around us. I highly recommend this book if you are looking for an easy but emotional read over the holidays.
Babysitter: An American History by Miriam Forman-Brunell
Miriam Forman-Brunell is a Professor of History at the University of Missouri-Kansas City. Her focus has been on the history of childhood and youth, a growing field in social history. Babysitter: An American History examines the history of babysitting through a feminist lens, paying particular attention to girls’ pursuit of autonomy and empowerment. Even more, Formal-Brunell links the beginnings of the gender pay gap with babysitting and other jobs frequently done by adolescent boys and girls.
Are you interested in The Meliorist news & calls for articles? Fill out the form below to subscribe to our newsletter! | <urn:uuid:154a96e1-8a6b-4d12-81de-c3f4466735de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://themeliorist.ca/2020/12/18/editors-book-recommendations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.937002 | 375 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Great step forward in nanomedicine
Sunday, June 22 2014 | 00 h 00 min | News
A team of researchers from Singapore has developed a nanomedical treatment for glaucoma which is intended to replace eye drops.
This new approach was jointly developed by scientists from Nanyang Technological University (NTU) and the Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI). Applied directly to the eye through a painless injection, the new treatment ensures the delivery of latanoprost for six months.
The delivery system is made up of millions of nano-sized capsules, which are thousands of times smaller than a speck of dust and release their contents slowly over time. The researchers believe that older people, who often forget to administer their eye drops daily, will benefit from this new approach.
“It is estimated that at least ten per cent of blindness from glaucoma is directly caused by poor patient adherence to their prescribed medications,” said professorTina Wong, from the SERI. “Many patients find it difficult to adhere to their doctor’s prescribed regime for many reasons, such as forgetfulness, finding it too troublesome, or they lack understanding of the disease. The results in this clinical study will open up a new treatment modality for glaucoma other than taking daily eye drops, and will greatly enhance patient compliance and improve treatment outcomes.” | <urn:uuid:3631d545-405f-444e-99b5-48d704243f6f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.optiknow.ca/2014/06/22/great-step-forward-in-nanomedicine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952128 | 287 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Should I refinance my mortgage? How much do I need to save for my child's college education? As accounting professionals, these are some of the questions that are posed to us on a daily basis. We are providing these interactive financial calculators and other tools to assist you with some of the day-to-day questions and concerns that may arise. While these financial tools are not a substitute for financial advice from a qualified professional, they can be used as a starting point in your decision making process.
Accelerated Debt Payoff, Consolidation Loan Investment Calculator, Credit Card Optimizer, Credit Card Pay Off, How much do you owe?, Personal Debt Consolidation, Roll-Down Your Credit Card Debt!
401(k) Calculator, 401(k) Spend It or Save It Calculator, 403(b) Savings Calculator, 72(t) Calculator, Beneficiary Required Minimum Distributions, How Important is Social Security?, Pension Plan Retirement Options, Required Minimum Distribution (RMD), Retirement Income, Retirement Pension Planner, Retirement Planner, Retirement Shortfall, Roth IRA Calculator, Roth IRA Conversion, Roth IRA vs. Traditional IRA, Social Security Benefits, Traditional IRA Calculator
Benefit of Spending Less, Certificate of Deposit Calculator, College Savings, Compound Savings Calculator, Compounding and Your Return, Cool Million, Don't Delay Your Savings!, Emergency Savings Calculator, Lunch Savings, Savings Distribution Calculator, Savings Goals, Savings, Taxes, and Inflation
This tool calculates a business valuation based upon the discounted cash flow methodology - illustrating how changes in projected growth rates and capital assumptions impact the business Net Present Value.
Long term care is needed by those who can't perform the basic tasks required to take care of themselves. This calculator can help you determine if you are financially prepared for this impending expense.
This calculator helps illustrate the effect of using a loan to purchase an investment or appreciable asset. Using debt as leverage to purchase investments can magnify your return. The downside is that you also increase your risk.
Use this calculator to determine your Required Minimum Distributions (RMD) as an account owner of a retirement account. This financial calculator will also look at potential future year's distribution requirements.
Enter your filing status, income, deductions and credits and we will estimate your total tax. Based on your projected withholdings for the year, we can also estimate your tax refund or amount you may owe the IRS next April.
Many people can use the 1040EZ tax form instead of the more complicated 1040 to calculate their taxes. Containing only seven required inputs, the 1040EZ is one of the quickest forms to calculate your tax bill. | <urn:uuid:237fb601-d71b-4016-b109-acbd357eb650> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.thomasjohnston.com/financial_tools.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.91347 | 548 | 1.789063 | 2 |
This post is part of our Harper Lee Reading Day: a celebration of one of the most surprising literary events of our lifetime, the publication of her new book, Go Set a Watchman. Check out the rest right here.
There have been over 40 million copies of To Kill a Mockingbird sold worldwide since its first publication in 1960, translated into over forty languages. With all those copies out there in the world, I thought I’d check out some of the covers of this iconic book. Some were stunning, others a little creepy, and a few I wanted to buy immediately for my collection. With 337 listed on Goodreads, there were a lot of covers to look at.
So, how many of these covers do you know? How can you tell a true first edition? Do you remember which one you had for your school reading? (I had #8.) Where can you buy one with illustrations and a slipcover? What did some of the international covers look like? Check out some of them below:
1. First US Edition, published in 1960 by J.B. Lippincott Company. Approximately 5,000 first printings were produced.”FIRST EDITION” is stated on the copyright page, and the dust jacket has the price of $3.95. The back of the dust jacket has a photo of Harper Lee taken by Truman Capote. The hard cover is brown with a green spine.
2. First British Edition, published in 1960 by Heinemann
3. Folio Society Edition (UK), published 1996 (cloth-bound and slipcased, 85 illustrations)
4. 50th Anniversary Edition, published June 2010 by William Heinemann
5. 50th Anniversary Edition, published June 2010 by Arrow Books Ltd.
6. 50th Anniversary Edition, published May 2006 by Harper Perennial Modern Classics
7. 50th Anniversary Edition, published April 2010 by Grand Central Publishing (Hachette Book Group)
8. First published 1960 by J.B. Lippincott Company (same cover published by numerous publishing houses afterward)
9. Published February 2004 by Vintage Classics
10. Italian edition by Feltrinelli
11. Chinese edition
12. Persian edition
13. French edition by Livre de Poche
14. Spanish edition by Zeta Bosillo
15. Norwegian edition by Aschehoug
So, what’s your favorite edition? | <urn:uuid:edb74dbf-bc32-4016-9c87-70232eb382df> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bookriot.com/many-book-covers-kill-mockingbird/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.957793 | 505 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Welcome to our website
Gender EYE (Gender Diversification of the Early Years Workforce: Recruiting and Supporting Male Practitioners) is a study by the University of Lancaster Department of Educational Research and the Fatherhood Institute, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council.
Latest figures suggest that only 3% of the early years workforce in England & Wales, and 4% in Scotland, are men. This proportion has remained virtually static for 20 years. Our research aims to identify the obstacles that stand in the way of greater gender diversity; to learn about possible solutions (including those developed overseas); and to use this knowledge to produce practical resources that can help the UK diversify this vital part of the education sector. | <urn:uuid:05375b68-a664-495f-bb6a-56ce66611298> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gendereye.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.928357 | 146 | 1.859375 | 2 |
This new context driven Bayesian maintenance scenario will promote sustainable and cost-effective asset efficiency optimization in railway PHM and it will help us move closer to the ultimate goal of intelligent maintenance.
IN2RAIL is to set the foundations for a resilient, consistent, cost-efficient, high capacity European network by delivering important building blocks that unlock the innovation potential that exists in the SHIFT²RAIL Innovation Programmes (IP) 2 and 3.
Luleå University of Technology acts as a linked third party to Trafikverket with the responsibility of performing research activities with developing an overall concept for Intelligent Asset Management.
Due to limited resources and limited land area, the only way to adapt the infrastructure capacity to the expected increased transportation demand is to optimise the performance of the existing infrastructure.
The goal of railway infrastructure managers is to keep the RAMS parameters of railway system within acceptable thresholds at lowest possible cost. An efficient an effective way of achieving this goal is to employ applicable and effective maintenance and renewal strategy.
The goal of this project is to explore the human abilities to develop Situation Awareness of the changing situations of engineering systems in order to facilitate maintenance and make recommendations to improve Situation Awareness about intelligent maintenance systems. | <urn:uuid:d9bce18b-0683-4723-b2d9-d9716cab11e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ltu.se/research/subjects/Drift-och-underhall/Forskningsprojekt/Pagaende-projekt | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.907548 | 246 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Winnipeg in the Middle of Its First Boom Period
Fine large format map of Winnipeg, published as a promotional item for Allan, Killam and McKay, Ltd.
The map is oriented with west at the top and centered the Red River and the area around the Union Depot and the Post Office, with concentric circles radiating out in 1/2 mile increments. City Hall is just to the right of the center of the map, with Canadian Pacific Railroad Complex a bit further east. Wards and early community names are shown, as are street names, transit lines and many public and private facilities, including St. Boniface College, Manitoba University, Osborne Barracks, Provincial Buildings, Wesley College, parks, schools and the Winnipeg Industrial Exhibition Grounds.
In 1869, the Hudson's Bay Company surrendered its charter rights over Rupert's Land, including the area which would become Winnipeg. In 1870, the British ceded the territory to the Canadian government.
During the transition, a provisional government was set up by locals, which resulted in the Red River Rebellion, a conflict between the local provisional government, led by Louis Riel, and the federal Canadian government. The rebellion was settled with the passage of the Manitoba Act, and the province of Manitoba was admitted into the Canadian Confederation on July 15,1870. To address the Rebellion, the Wolseley expedition travelled to Fort Garry in May 1870, ending the rebellion. The expedition arrived at Winnipeg on August 24,1870, capturing Fort Garry, which had been abandoned by Riel and his supporters.
Shortly thereafter, the locals adopted the name Winnipeg on the masthead of Red River's weekly newspaper, The Nor'Wester. By the early 1873, this settlement grew to be the main population and commercial center in the Red River area, with business activity lining Main Street. On November 8, 1873, Winnipeg was incorporated as a city. In 1876, the post office officially changed its name to Winnipeg.
By 1878, a railway connection to St. Paul was established via the Pembina Branch. The Pembina Branch ran on the east side of the Red River and terminated in St. Boniface, with a transport across the river to Winnipeg by ferry. The Canadian Pacific Railway completed the first direct rail link from eastern Canada in 1881 across the Louise Bridge. The arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway began a period of rapid immigration and settlement of Winnipeg and the Canadian Prairies, with the city's population growing from 7,900 in 1881 to 42,540 in 1901 and 136,035 in 1911.
States of the Map / Rarity
This is the first state of the map, with later states published 1911 and 1913, each of which is quite rare.
McPhillips first issued a map of the area in 1888 (OCLC locates 1 copy at the National Archives of Quebec) and a new map in 1895 (OCLC locates a single example in the British Library). | <urn:uuid:26687d20-3b0e-4569-b0c8-af82422ec3ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.raremaps.com/gallery/detail/83288/mcphillips-map-of-the-city-of-winnipeg-city-of-boniface-an-mcphillips | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.965708 | 607 | 3.734375 | 4 |
In this edition of the serie: “Countries in the spotlight”: Germany and German Phone Numbers.
Germany has quite a big economy with the 4th highest GDP in the world – so that makes it a relevant market for most. Everybody knows, they generally adhere to structure and document everything. They prefer direct and formal communication and do not beat around the bush. But did you also know that no less than 3 out of 4 people in Germany work in the service industry? That means they are used to- and expect an excellent customer experience. Therefore, having the right German Phone Numbers and call routing is critical if you want to be successful in Germany. Let’s dive into the options and best practices specifically for Germany.
Source locally – is a slogan valid for almost every country but a bit more so for Germany. That has impact on the best choice of phone numbers to use. For instance, a German is not likely to use services from a company that is not reachable via a German phone number. So, having German phone numbers is critical, but which one? These options are available:
German Local Number
German local numbers are – as in any other country – tied to a specific area and are reachable against standard caller cost. Area codes range from (0)20 to (0)99. Download a map with the local number prefixes as issued by the Bundesnetzagentur here.
What is noteworthy is that you need an address with proof in the area of the number to be able to request a German Local Phone Number.
German National Number
German Freephone Number
Germans are a big fan of standardisation and follow the ITU recommendations where they can. German Freephone numbers have the recommended 0800 prefix and calling is free for the caller. Freephone numbers are generally only reachable from within the country – although international calls in some cases do come through.
Freephone is a German number type that is relatively easy to request. You do not have to take any special conditions into consideration.
Universal Freephone Number
An International Freephone – officially a Universal International Freephone Number (UIFN) – is a global number. It is not regulated in Germany itself. The ITU has defined this type of number as an international alternative for the regular in-country freephone. This type of number can be activated in Germany and the exact same number can be activated in other countries as well.
Infographic – German Phone Numbers. You are free to use this infographic in your own publications provided a link to this article is placed as well.
German Premium Rate
Germany has reserved 2 main number rages for added value German phone numbers: 0180 and 0900. The 0180 range is intended for lower caller tariff general business services. While 0900 can have very high caller rates and is intended for the following services:
0900-1 for business services
0900-3 for entertainment
0900-5 for adult
Please note German premium rate numbers require attention. Regulation is tight and elaborate. Besides the tariff announcement, the first 30 seconds of the call must be free for the caller. A number needs to be activated separately for fixed- or mobile callers. There is no 1-to-1 relation between the fixed caller rate and the mobile caller rate.
German Mobile Number
Germany has reserved 3 prefixes for mobile usage: (0)15, (0)16 and (0)17. They are reachable against mobile cost and internationally.
Important to know about German mobiel numbers is that they are not available as virtual numbers. So you will have to get an actual SIM for this type of German phone numbers.
You should always be careful when choosing a phone number type. This guide provides excellent guidelines for your selection process. But here are some considerations to make with the specific German market in mind.
Support for contracted services
As stated, Germans expect a flawless customer experience and support. They have even included this in their regulation. It is not allowed to utilise a premium rate number for support on services contracted or products purchased.
For this type of support Local, National and Freephone numbers can be used. The highest customer satisfaction is achieved in Germany with Freephone numbers. They welcome the caller with open arms and that is what a German expects.
Although Freephone is preferred, local and national phone numbers are accepted as well. More pointers on these number types later on.
What is valid for support, is even more valid for sales phone lines. You want to welcome callers with open arms. Confirm to the potential customers they can expect an excellent customer experience. Any possible threshold must be removed.
Renowned organisations – like E.ON (the biggest energy supplier in Germany) even set up a separate phone line with a German Freephone number specifically for sales calls.
There can be a specific reason to choose a different German phone number type, but in general freephone numbers are the most effective option for a phone line.
Local businesses with local clientelle should take local phone numbers. In Germany even more so than in most other countries. The statement ‘Source locally’ is valid but you also need to consider the size of Germany. Someone with a leakage in Brandenburg is not going to call a national number because they could be located in Bayern. The entire house would be flooded when driving from Bayern to Brandenburg.
In Germany local business should choose local numbers – no question. The only thing to consider is whether 2 numbers are required to service the 2 neigboring cities. Both can be forwarded to the same destination(s). So you can keep working as you are used to but your potential callers have confirmation you are able to service them in both areas.
The obvious choice for a nationally operating company is a national phone number. However, it is not the best choice for all situations. And in some case, it might even be worthwhile to opt for multiple types of numbers.
If you have an organisation which is targeting customers with multiple locations spread out over Germany, a national number is definitely the best choice. If you are operating nationally but targeting local customers, it is better to opt for local phone numbers in the areas where your customers are since Germany is such a big country. Remember the example of the leakage in Brandenburg?
And there are always the sales and support lines to consider. A freephone number remains the most effective option. Based on these guidelines, it should be easy to make the best choice for you.
The best advice for a multinational is to do localization for their phone number the same way as they do for their website. Most corporates put effort in fine tuning their online presence and keep on tweaking their localisation. But somehow optimisation of the phone numbers stays behind while the same results can be achieved. So, per country look at the specifics and determine the number types to be used based on these specifics. Do not underestimate the importance of localisation of phone numbers.
An additional option for multinationals is an International freephone number. This type of number can be activated in multiple countries and therefore there is only one number to remember by the caller and a single phone number can be printed on documentation used in multiple countries. This can be quite the optimisation. Do check up front if calling such a number is acceptable for your specific audience.
When providing consulting or other professional services via the phone, you expect to be rewarded and that is understood by the caller.
Due to the extensive regulations and complex tariff model, make sure to elaborate and verify your project in detail before proceeding. Detailed regulation can be found on the website of the Bundesnetzagentur. And obviously, we are happy to help as well.
No Address in Germany
An address in Germany is required for a lot of German number types. If you do not have an address available, a freephone number is an excellent German phone number option. It is a good number type to unlock a market in general but as stated previously, it fits even better with the German market.
Unlock the full potential of this big country with massive economy via German Phone Numbers that fit your business.
A very extensive guide to optimise your call routing can be found here. This guide is applicable for all countries including Germany. What should get additional attention when defining a call routing flow for German audience: Be to the point! Leave the pleasantries behind. Forget “Please select …”, but go for “Select …” if the menu cannot be skipped altogether. What does become more important is the tone of voice. If the message is to the point, make sure the tone of voice is welcoming to achieve that perfect caller experience.
An additional point of attention is the language. For businesses, English is reasonably accepted but especially when dealing with the consumer market, using the German language will greatly improve the customer experience and result. | <urn:uuid:f390861a-99cc-45e6-b3cd-af56b2559051> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mcxess.com/german-phone-numbers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.940522 | 1,856 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Berthouzoz Women in Research Lunch
Posted on 2021-07-15
The Berthouzoz Women in Research Event is an annual networking event organized by WiGRAPH for researchers, faculty, and students. Floraine Berthouzoz started this event as an informal gathering. After her passing in 2015, Floraine’s mentees and colleagues built upon her efforts to create an event that aims to broaden the network of women researchers and provide a friendly and personal environment where graduate students can interact with senior researchers. We will be hosting a panel of women in graphics who will share with us some of their research experiences. The event is open to all researchers, regardless of gender.
Event Date: Wednesday, August 11th, 8AM to 9AM Pacific Time
To participate, please register using our Google form. Due to SIGGRAPH's virtual form, participation in the 2021 Berthouzoz Women in Research Event will not require SIGGRAPH registration.
The link and password to our virtual chat room will be sent to all registered participants at a later date.
Update: It appears that our email containing the link did not reach many of our participants. Apologies for the confusion! We recently sent an another email from makatura[at]mit[dot]edu with the information. If you have not received the link (or have other questions), please email email@example.com.
Poster by Paige Stampatori
Duygu CeylanSenior Researcher
Duygu Ceylan is a senior research scientist at Adobe Research. Prior to that she obtained her PhD from EPFL under the supervision of Prof. Mark Pauly. Duygu has received the Eurographics Young Researcher Award in 2020. Her research interests include using machine learning techniques to infer and analyze 3D information from images and videos. She has specifically focused on 3D inference and analysis both for man-made objects as well as humans. She is excited to work at the intersection of computer vision and graphics where she is eager to develop methods to bridge the gap between 2D & 3D.
Tali DekelAssistant Professor, Weizmann Institute
Research Scientist, Google
Tali Dekel is an Assistant Professor at the Mathematics and Computer Science Department at the Weizmann Institute, Israel. She is also a Staff Research Scientist at Google, developing algorithms at the intersection of computer vision, computer graphics, and machine learning. Before Google, she was a Postdoctoral Associate at the Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab (CSAIL) at MIT. Tali completed her Ph.D. studies at the school of electrical engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Israel. Her research interests include computational photography, image/video synthesis, geometry and 3D reconstruction. Her awards and honors include the National Postdoctoral Award for Advancing Women in Science (2014), the Rothschild Postdoctoral Fellowship (2015), the SAMSON - Prime Minister's Researcher Recruitment Prize (2019), Best Paper Honorable Mention in CVPR 2019, and Best Paper Award (Marr Prize) in ICCV 2019.
Eakta JainAssistant Professor
University of Florida
Eakta Jain is an Assistant Professor of Computer and Information Science and Engineering at the University of Florida. She received her PhD and MS degrees in Robotics from Carnegie Mellon University and her B.Tech. degree from IIT Kanpur. She has industry experience at Texas Instruments R&D labs, Disney Research Pittsburgh, and the Walt Disney Animation Studios. Her research group at the University of Florida is funded through faculty research awards from Facebook/Oculus and Google/YouTube, federal funding from the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, and state funding from the Florida Department of Transportation. Eakta has two children and likes to do arts and crafts with them. Current projects include Perler bead shapes and Pokemon style cards with make-believe robots.
About This Lunch
Floraine Berthouzoz was a research scientist at Adobe Systems specializing in computer graphics and human-computer interaction. She obtained her Ph.D. under the supervision of Maneesh Agrawala at UC Berkeley in 2013.
Floraine was a brilliant researcher, friend and mentor, who was extremely passionate about narrowing the gender gap in computer science. As a PhD student, she co-founded CS KickStart, an outreach program for incoming undergraduate women. Since 2011, this program has significantly increased the number of undergraduate women pursuing computer science degrees at Berkeley.
Floraine originally started this lunch as an informal gathering where women in computer graphics could have an opportunity to meet and discuss with each other. Following her passing in 2015, her mentees resolved to keep this tradition alive, and started planning this lunch in her place. It is named in her honor.
Samara RenPhD Student
Samara is a second-year PhD student in Computer Science at EPFL where she is advised by Mark Pauly. She received her Bachelor’s degrees in Computer Science and Mathematics from UIUC in 2019. She is interested in Geometry, Optimization, and Computational Fabrication.
Purvi GoelPhD Student
Purvi is a first-year PhD student in Computer Science at Stanford University, advised by Professor Doug James. Previously, she completed a B.Sc. and M.Sc. in Computer Science at Brown University. She is interested in simulation, design, and parameter space exploration.
Silvia SellánPhD Student
University of Toronto
Silvia is a second-year PhD student in Computer Science at the University of Toronto, advised by Prof. Alec Jacobson. Previously, she completed her B.Sc. degrees in Mathematics and Physics at the University of Oviedo. She has interned once at the Fields Institute of Mathematics and twice at Adobe Research, under the mentorship of Noam Aigerman. Her research in Geometry Processing focuses on bridging the gap between real-world and virtual geometries and seamlessly integrating the two.
Adriana SchulzAssistant Professor
University of Washington
Adriana is an assistant professor at the Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering at the University of Washington, where she is a member of the Computer Graphics Group (GRAIL). Her research focuses on computational design for manufacturing. As 3D printers and industrial robots begin to reshape manufacturing, her goal is to define design tools that will drive and democratize this new industrial revolution. She received her Ph.D. degree in June 2018 from the Computer Science Department at MIT, where she was advised by Professor Wojciech Matusik.
Liane MakaturaPhD Student
Liane is a third-year PhD student at MIT, where she is advised by Prof. Wojciech Matusik in the Computer Science Department. She received her Bachelors degree from Dartmouth, with a double major in Math and Computer Science, and a minor in Digital Arts. She is interested in Computational Fabrication, and develops tools that make it easier to design and fabricate functional objects.
Kate SalesinPhD Student
Kate is a third-year PhD student at Dartmouth College, advised by Wojciech Jarosz. She received her B.A. in Computer Science with a minor in Marine Biology from Cornell University in 2016. Her research interests lie in using the photorealistic rendering capabilities of computer graphics to solve optical problems in other scientific fields such as oceanography, atmospheric science, and astronomy. Outside of the lab, she enjoys sailing, knitting, and statskeeping for Dartmouth hockey.
Yuxuan MeiPhD Student
University of Washington
Yuxuan is a second-year PhD student with the Graphics and Imaging Laboratory (GRAIL) at the University of Washington where she is advised by Professor Adriana Schulz. Previously, she completed her B.S. degree in Computer Science at Columbia University. Her research interests are physics based simulation and computational fabrication.
Xuan LuoPhD Student
University of Washington
Xuan is a PhD student in the UW Reality Lab of the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering at University of Washington, working with Prof. Steven Seitz, Prof. Jason Lawrence and Ricardo Martin Brualla. She is interested in combining virtual/augmented reality with computer vision and graphics to create interesting surreal experiences. Prior to UW, she did research on stereo matching in BCMI lab at Shanghai Jiao Tong University with advisor Prof. Hongtao Lu and on deep learning in National Univerity of Singapore with advisor Prof. Shuicheng Yan.
Deepali AnejaResearch Engineer
Deepali is a Research Engineer at Adobe Research. She joined Adobe in December 2019 after completing her Ph.D. in Computer Science in the Graphics and Imaging Lab at the University of Washington. Deepali’s research is at the intersection of computer vision, machine learning, and human-computer interaction. Her work focuses on developing learning-based techniques for performance-based animation and image-to-image translation.
Kavita BalaProfessor, CS Dept. Chair
Kavita Bala is the Chair of the Computer Science Department at Cornell University. She received her S.M. and Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and her B.Tech. from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT, Bombay). She co-founded GrokStyle (acquired by Facebook), and is a faculty Fellow with the Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future. Bala currently serves on SIGGRAPH's Papers Advisory Group (PAG) and has served as the Editor-in-Chief of Transactions on Graphics (TOG), on the Papers Advisory Board for SIGGRAPH and SIGGRAPH Asia, and as Associate Editor for TOG (Transactions on Graphics), TVCG (Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics) and CGF (Computer Graphics Forum). She specializes in computer graphics and computer vision, leading research in recognition and visual search; material modeling and perception; and realistic, physically-based rendering.
Hijung Valentina ShinResearch Scientist
Valentina is a research scientist at the Creative Intelligence Lab at Adobe Research. Her research investigates novel interaction techniques to facilitate effective interaction with audiovisual media (e.g., video, audio, visual presentations) for authoring, collaboration and consumption. She is passionate about supporting creative experiences through both interactive and automatic design tools. Previous to joining Adobe, she completed her Ph.D. in computer science at MIT with Fredo Durand. She was an undergraduate at the Princeton University and completed her B.S.E. in Computer Science.
Carnegie Mellon University
Jessica Hodgins is a Professor in the Robotics Institute and Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon University. She received her Ph.D. in Computer Science from Carnegie Mellon University in 1989. From 2008-2016, she founded and ran research labs for Disney, rising to VP of Research and leading the labs in Pittsburgh and Los Angeles. From 2005-2015, she was Associate Director for Faculty in the Robotics Institute, running the promotion and tenure process and creating a mentoring program for pre-tenure faculty. Prior to moving to Carnegie Mellon in 2000, she was an Associate Professor and Assistant Dean in the College of Computing at Georgia Institute of Technology. She was editor-in-chief of ACM Transactions on Graphics from 2000-2002 and ACM SIGGRAPH Papers Chair in 2003. She was an elected director at large on the ACM SIGGRAPH Executive Committee from 2012-2017 and in 2017 she was elected ACM SIGGRAPH President. Her research focuses on computer graphics, animation, and robotics with an emphasis on generating and analyzing human motion. | <urn:uuid:252712d5-fc37-4f52-aa60-17a11ca27632> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wigraph.org/events/2021-berthouzoz-women-in-research-lunch/?fbclid=IwAR3GVqmRzLCUBAqgxP8LPcqnpx4p4gJcXXPQE5gUWM3nk30nVcuyHjZVNy0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.94372 | 2,473 | 1.664063 | 2 |
A Device History Record (DHR) includes everything you need to manufacture the medical device. The history and data of how you manufacture the medical device according to the DMR are stored in the DHR. Similarly, the DHF is the history of the design; the DHR is the history of the device.
The DHR includes records of the manufactured products and helps to ensure every product that you produce is on track according to the DMRs. A normal DHR should include the following documents per FDA Part 820.184 Device History Record. The FDA states that:
Each manufacturer shall maintain device history records (DHRs). Each manufacturer shall establish and maintain procedures to ensure that DHR's for each batch, lot, or unit are maintained to demonstrate that the device is manufactured in accordance with the DMR and the requirements of this part. The DHR shall include, or refer to the location of, the following information:
(a) The dates of manufacture;
(b) The quantity manufactured;
(c) The quantity released for distribution;
(d) The acceptance records which demonstrate the device is manufactured in accordance with the DMR;
(e) The primary identification label and labeling used for each production unit; and
(f) Any unique device identifier (UDI) or universal product code (UPC), and any other device identification(s) and control number(s) used.
However, ISO 13485 has no specific section for the DHR term. Section 7.1 - Planning Product Realization states that the organization should define product realization steps and ensure that it is compatible with the requirements of other QMS (Quality Management System) processes. The organization should specify the following where applicable:
Medical device QMS software makes it easy to maintain the structure of a DHF.
The DHR is the most crucial part of your product. You should create a DHR file and maintain it during the entire product shelf life – or longer, depending on your internal or external requirements. DHR is not only a requirement that you need to comply with, it is also your lifesaver if any issues do arise. A well-documented DHR can provide evidence of when and what you did, as well as of how the product was manufactured, controlled, and approved according to predefined and validated specifications before receiving it from a customer. As you start to understand the grave importance of the DHR, you will soon realize that you need to improve your product realization process and DHR content.
DHRs are a crucial tool during audits, as typically auditors pick a specific lot from your previously manufactured products and review all related activities, preferably within your DHR documentation to see whether your product remained compliant with external requirements, internal procedures, and DMR (Device Master Record) . The DHR documentation allows you to show traces of the performed activities from manufacturing to the end of product realization.
Furthermore, DHR is also a vital building block during customer complaint activities. To visualize it, imagine that you received a customer complaint about a specific lot of your medical device. The DHR that belongs to this particular UDI (Unique Device Identification System) enables you to access all details regarding when it was produced, which QC tests were performed, what the results of these tests were, and much more.
After receiving a customer complaint, you must conduct an investigation and root cause analysis. You should also review all historical data regarding the medical device and/or complaint. The output can enable you to decide whether this was a one-time event or a recurring problem leading to the issue of a CAPA (Corrective and Preventive Action) report to initiate an extensive investigation.
To investigate a complaint that belongs to a specific ID, follow these steps:
Here are the most common gaps identified during a gap analysis.
Meeting with representatives of all involved departments is essential since the DHR is a compilation of your multidisciplinary processes. You should assess who needs to be a part of your DHR, so that you can compile comprehensive DHRs without missing out on data. Typically, the involved departments are (at minimum) as follows:
The DHR should cover all details and tracks that belong to the specific product. Double-checking DHR documents ensures that no document is missing, no data were left out, and all results meet the acceptance criteria.
The overall manufacturing process should be analyzed as part of the compilation for the DHR release process. Once the process is in place, determine the critical parameters or control points.
Subscribe to our newsletterStay up to date | <urn:uuid:b9ed48a1-ecc8-4988-8085-9c3057eba67f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scilife.io/glossary/device-history-record | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.925901 | 972 | 2.46875 | 2 |
"Who Am I? - Transgressions" is the title of a series of photo-works by South African photographer Gordon Clark and artist Leon Botha.
"Who Am I?" The question is posed by revealing the finitude of flesh without inhibition or reserve, hence the transgression. In the process, transgressed also are conventional notions of beauty, strength and frailty, the notions of the eternal and the ephemeral.
Each photograph is an autonomous fictional narrative, a world unto itself, with Leon Botha, both protagonist and collaborator, at its center. The aesthetic that these images articulate is a product of their collective meaning.
Clark's work has appeared in many of the world's leading galleries and museums, including in an exhibition titled "Great Photographers of the World" coordinated by The Directors' Guild of America. After working in Hollywood for more than two decades, he is back in South Africa, and lives and works in Cape Town.
Also a native of South Africa, Botha, aged 25, is one of the world's oldest living persons with progeria, a rare genetic condition that causes rapid aging. His physiological condition has not, however, hindered his journey as an artist—he is not only a painter but has also been an acclaimed musician. Third Eye Gallery of Cape Town hosted his exhibitions "Liquid Swords" and "Slices of Lemon" in 2007 and 2009 respectively.
"Who Am I?" is a collaborative journey of these two artists seeking to define what it means to be "the other" and experience difference, and in the process affording ironic glimpses into contemporary society and its value system. | <urn:uuid:a3a09782-6307-4dd0-b06b-d15597de8d12> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mail.actuphoto.com/17682-gordon-clark-and-leon-botha-who-am-i-transgressions.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.970509 | 334 | 1.507813 | 2 |
If you are a fan of games involving pips and numbers, you’ve probably played the game of domino before. The game is based on a rectangular tile with a line running down the middle and a number printed on one end. The most common set of dominoes contains tiles numbered 0 through 6. The common domino size is approximately two inches long, one inch wide, and three eighths of an inch thick. It’s thick enough to stand on its edge without tipping over.
In domino games, the pieces of the game are often referred to as blocks. The goal of domino blocking is to prevent your opponent from playing any tiles on their board. This strategy is particularly useful near the end of a point game, when you must prevent your opponents from scoring points by pushing the board count up and bringing it down. The goal of domino blocking is to prevent your opponent from scoring points and be the first to play all the tiles in your hand.
The rules of dominoes are simple and straightforward. Each player has six spots, and the goal is to accumulate as many spots as possible before your opponent’s. When you play a tile, it must touch the end of the domino chain. You can only play a tile with a certain number on one end of the chain, or you can play it at both ends. If you play the wrong tile, you’ll lose the game.
There are several variations of domino games, each with its own rules and strategies. The most popular version is known as American domino. The rules of this game vary depending on the style of domino you play, but they all have some similar elements. A game of domino can be played with two or more players. You can bet on a game with as many people as you want if you can gather enough players. This game is both fun and challenging.
Dominoes are similar to playing cards in both design and meaning. Originally from China, they were designed to represent all the possible throws with two dice. This is why they’re sometimes called “dotted cards” because they have no blank faces. In China, dominoes are played for trick-taking games. In the Arctic, the Inuit play a game with bones that is very similar to the Western Dominoes. Perhaps they were copying Western games.
The game of dominoes was invented in Italy and became popular in France in the early eighteenth century. It was introduced to England in the 18th century by French prisoners. In the west, dominoes were mainly used in positional games, where players place the dominoes edge-to-edge against each other. Those tiles must be identical or equal to form a specified total. Depending on the rules of the game, the winning team wins.
There are many ways to win the game of domino. The best way to win at dominoes is to learn different strategies and play with several people. Listed below are twenty general strategies and tips that will help you win the game. Consider using these tips the next time you play dominoes with your friends or family. You’ll soon find that dominoes is an entertaining game that is sure to get your friends and family talking! | <urn:uuid:6a7cac0d-c88a-4720-bb45-63a456d7b7b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://maddieswishproject.com/2022/05/the-basics-of-dominoes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.979586 | 674 | 2.640625 | 3 |
I love this cartoon and wanted to share it with you. Sheer genius. The Tantalizing Fly by Max Fleischer, created in 1919, the same year as The Easy Road To Readng in the previous post. Notice the difference between the sweet nostalgic art of ML Spoor and the avant garde perspective of Fleischer. Radically different approaches to art always happen in the same historical moment.
Max Fleischer, with his brother Dave Fleischer, were famous not only for the Out Of The Inkwell series, but also for Betty Boop, Koko The Klown, and the animated versions of Popeye The Sailorman, and Superman.
A slightly different version of The Tantalizing Fly, as well as a much better explanation and history of the rotoscope than I could ever hope to do, is part of this inkwellink Ray Pointer mini documentary about Fleischer available at their InkWell Ink website.
For a wonderfully erudite and in depth look at animation and the early 20th Century avant garde I highly recommend Hollywood Flatlands: Animation, Critical Theory and the Avant- Garde, by Esther Leslie. Not an easy read, but well worth it. | <urn:uuid:e4619218-5288-4d8d-b73b-51df69c886ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://seesaw.typepad.com/blog/2010/01/max-fleisher-cartoon-1910.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.936193 | 246 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Series: Music Sales America Publisher: Novello Format: Softcover Author: Trevor Wye
Flute Secrets tells you everything you need to know about being a flautist. This innovative volume presents indispensable guidance for all flute players, from choosing the right instrument and tips on how to practice, to establishing a professional career and becoming a flute teacher.
In Flute Secrets renowned educator and master musician Trevor Wye shares a lifetime's worth of knowledge and experience, enriched with music examples, illustrations and diagrams. With over 200 pages of advice, this book makes the perfect gift for students, teachers or professionals.
Flute Secrets covers:
• The Instrument
• Educational Assistance
• Professional Strategies
• Aural Skills, Flute Tuning and repairs
• and more!
$19.99 (US) Inventory #HL 00266194 ISBN: 9781785586033 UPC: 888680747329 Publisher Code: NOV166848 Width: 6.75" Length: 10.0" 208 pages
Prices and availability subject to change without notice.
Series: Music Sales America | <urn:uuid:97c80d29-e4e0-4304-b3bc-055bed138b2f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.halleonard.com/product/viewproduct.action?itemid=266194&name=flute-secrets | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.852375 | 237 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Is there anything to doubt about the government of President Mohamed Nasheed’s commitment to protecting Islam in the country?
There is a full-fledged Islamic Ministry, granted almost limitless freedoms to go about its work – which is hitherto unseen in the country. There is also a minister from the religious Adhaalath Party sitting in cabinet meetings, provided at least one day a week to raise issues with the president and his cabinet.
Religious intellectuals also have a free reign in preaching and practicing whatever interpretation of Shari’a they deem is valid. This is new too.
There is a thriving religious civil society with dozens of highly active and wealthy religious NGOs; NGOs that could hold mass rallies with a days notice. We have also seen the largest religious gatherings ever in the country’s history entertained by such popular and high-profile figures as Zakir Naik.
A whole subculture, with apparently increasing outward religious symbolism and traditionally unusual practices, has been made available in the country.
Now, there is no reason why all the above should not be the case. After all, under a chapter entitled “Social Justice” the Maldivian Democratic Party’s (MDP) election manifesto, there is a whole section devoted to “Protection of Islamic Faith”.
Yet from a modern liberal democratic point of view, some of those policies are chillingly discriminatory and well beyond the legitimate role of a democratic state.
If so, one wonders what has gone wrong with the government’s religious policies?
One explanation can be gleaned from nothing other than Niccolo Machiavelli’s The Prince. Besides the book’s dizzying insights into the existence of different values systems, chapter XVIII of the book shows great wisdom about the power of religion in politics.
In the book’s characteristic style, Machiavelli says:
“And you have to understand this, that a prince, especially a new one, cannot observe all those things for which men are esteemed, being often forced, in order to maintain the state, to act contrary to faith, friendship, humanity, and religion. Therefore it is necessary for him to have a mind ready to turn itself accordingly as the winds and variations of fortune force it…
For this reason, a prince ought to take care that he never lets anything slip from his lips that is not replete with the above-named five qualities, so that he may appear to him who sees and hears him altogether merciful, faithful, humane, upright, and religious. There is nothing more necessary to appear to have than this last quality….” [Emphasis added]
While for many people Machiavelli’s advice can be nothing but realpolitik, there is a double lesson here: insights into the fact that morality is not reducible to a single overarching value.
That is, our life is a sort of moral multiverse with several different values and considerations that could sometimes conflict with one another, forcing us to sacrifice one good value for another.
For instance, for a government, “survivability” and “stability” are extremely important values. Yet survivability or stability can conflict with the “right to privacy”, “political legitimacy”, or “liberty”. This can be the case when, for instance, a government eavesdrops on the private telephone conversations of opposition MPs, subscribes to a highly undemocratic interpretation of the Constitution on cabinet confirmation, or arrests an MP without due process.
We ask: unless you are a sort of fundamentalist monist, why should one value always override the others?
Government stability (for example, having a functioning cabinet) can conflict with due process, such as running parliament. Yet, seven out of the president’s 12 cabinet nominations were rejected!
We ask: what can be always more important: process or outcome? To what extent can a president let processes run their course and let outrageous outcomes result from them?
That is the first lesson from Machiavelli.
The other lesson is that although it is not the only value, religion is extremely important in politics.
History teaches us that a state cannot and should not try to downplay religion when religion is a key marker of social identity. Shah-era Iran was an example.
For the majority of Maldivians, identifying with Islam is part and parcel of being a national citizen. Religion is a key marker of our social identity. Like it or not, conservatism still runs deep. Islamism is on the rise.
The perceived downplaying of religious salutations and symbolism in public speeches, the perceived closeness with Jews and Christians and distance to Islamic countries, the public display of play, fun, “relaxation” and dance, the attempts to change regulations and traditions without popular legitimacy, all mean there is a perceived anti-religiosity about the work of government. This includes president Nasheed himself.
So what lessons can we take from Machiavelli? Well, for one:
There is nothing more necessary to appear to have than this last quality [i.e. religiosity]
Sheikhs Fareed and Shaheem do it masterfully – although, for instance, rumours about their secret affairs and secret riba-incurring bank accounts abound.
Gayoom was almost flawless at that too – although, for instance, he led a brutal autocracy.
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- Open Access
Impact of human papillomavirus infection in semen on sperm progressive motility in infertile men: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology volume 18, Article number: 38 (2020)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been considered as one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses that may be linked to unexplained infertility in men. The possible mechanisms underlying correlation between HPV infection and infertility could be related to the altered sperm parameters. Current studies have investigated the effect of HPV seminal infection on sperm quality in infertile men, but have shown inconsistent results.
We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI for studies that examined the association between HPV seminal infection and sperm progressive motility. Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Outcomes were the sperm progressive motility rate. Results are expressed as standardised mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity was evaluated by the I-square (I2) statistic.
Ten studies were identified, including 616 infertile patients with HPV seminal infection and 2029 infertile controls without HPV seminal infection. Our meta-analysis results indicated that sperm progressive motility was significantly reduced in HPV-infected semen samples compared with non-infected groups [SMD:-0.88, 95% CI:-1.17 ~ − 0.59]. There existed statistical heterogeneity (I2 value: 86%) and the subgroup analysis suggested that study region might be the causes of heterogeneity.
HPV semen infection could significantly reduce sperm progressive motility in infertile individuals. There were some limitations in the study such as the differences in age, sample sizes and the number of HPV genotypes detected. Further evidences are needed to better elucidate the relationship between HPV seminal infection and sperm quality.
Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive after 1 year of unprotected sexual intercourse, which affects approximately one-fifth of couples at the reproductive age . Among them, male infertility contributes to roughly 50% of overall infertility cases . Seminal infections are significant etiologic factors in male infertility and often associated with impaired semen quality [3, 4]. Chronic viral infection of the urogenital tract, especially human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, may result in urethral inflammation and decreased fertility [5, 6]. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in semen can also adversely alter seminal parameters [7, 8]. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common sexually transmitted viruses in both males and females worldwide . Some studies have reported that HPV can bind to the head of sperm and result in decreasing male fertility or even causing infertility . A significant association between seminal HPV infection and male fertility abnormality has been reported [11, 12]. Also, recent researches suggested that HPV infection of semen represented a significant risk factor for infertility in men [13, 14].
The possible mechanisms underlying correlation between HPV seminal infection and infertility remain unclear and one possibility is that HPV infection significantly lowered the key sperm parameters . Sperm progressive motility has conventionally been considered as a good indicator of motility and a key functional parameter essential for fertilization. The effects of HPV infection on sperm progressive motility in infertile men have been investigated, but the results are controversial . Several researches indicated that HPV infection was closely related to male infertility with decreased sperm progressive motility [17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25], while Zheng et al. revealed that there was no significant difference of sperm progressive motility rate between infected and non-infected infertile subjects . In this research, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the possible impact of HPV infection in semen on sperm progressive motility in infertile individuals.
Two independent reviewers searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI from inception until September 2019. The study type was not restricted. The following search terms were used in combination for search strategies: “human papillomavirus”, “HPV”, “infertility”, “semen”, “sperm quality”, “sperm parameter” and “progressive motility”. We also conducted manual searches of relevant additional references cited in review articles.
Studies were included if sperm progressive motility could be directly extracted from the original article. Data should be expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Studies were excluded if they were: 1) reports not focusing on infertile patients or participants with male accessory gland infection; 2) without SD value; 3) case reports or reviews.
The inclusion criteria of infertile patients were at least 1 year of unprotected sexual intercourse without contraception, and healthy female partners (their tubal, uterine, cervical abnormalities, and ovarian disorders were excluded). Exclusion criteria were presence of antisperm antibodies, azoospermia, undescended testis, chromosome abnormalities and history of orchitis, epididymitis, epididymo-orchitis, varicocele and/or sexually transmitted infections in couples . Study populations were separated into two groups: infertile patients with HPV seminal infection and infertile patients without HPV seminal infection. Diagnosed with HPV seminal infection in general population and fertile men were also excluded.
Data extraction and risk of bias
The data of all included articles were extracted independently by two investigators. Disagreements were discussed and resolved by consensus. Key variables of interest from each study included: first author, publication year, population characteristics (country of region, age, sample size), HPV genotype, sperm progressive motility in infertile patients with or without HPV semen infection.
The Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews was used to assess the risk of bias in each study. The inclusion criteria, risk of bias at the study level and data extraction were evaluated (Supplemental Figure S1 and Supplemental Figure S2). The primary outcome was the rate of sperm progressive motility.
The inputted data included sample sizes and outcome measures with mean and standard deviations. Outcome measures were converted into the SMD with 95% CI. Heterogeneity was evaluated by I2 statistic to quantify the percentage of total variation across studies. If I2 value was greater than 50%, the summary estimate was analyzed in a random effect model. Otherwise, a fixed effect model was used. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to estimate whether any single study influenced the stability of the meta-analytic results by sequentially removing individual included study. Publication bias was assessed by Egger’s test and statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.3 and STATA 16.0.
The initial literature search yielded 291 potentially relevant studies. Most ineligible studies were excluded based on information in the title or abstract and the remaining 32 eligible studies were reviewed in detail. The selection process was shown in Fig. 1. As a result, ten articles were included in the final meta-analysis, providing data on 616 HPV DNA positive men among 2645 participants from 3 countries. The main characteristics of the studies included in our meta-analysis were described in Table 1.
To assess the effect of HPV seminal infection on sperm progressive motility, ten eligible studies including 616 infertile patients with HPV-infected in semen and 2029 non-infected infertile subjects were analyzed. According to the results of the heterogeneity test, the random effect model was chosen to estimate the SMD. A significant reduction of sperm progressive motility was found in semen samples of HPV-infected infertile patients compared with non-infected groups (SMD:-0.88, 95% CI:-1.17 ~ − 0.59) (Fig. 2).
A subgroup analysis was performed to differentiate the effect size based on study region. The pooled SMD was highest in China (− 0.59, 95% CI: − 0.73 ~ − 0.45), followed by Italy (− 1.10, 95% CI: − 1.54 ~ − 0.67) and Iran (− 1.26, 95% CI: − 2.02 ~ − 0.49) (Fig. 3). There was no statistical heterogeneity in the subgroup of China.
None of an individual study significantly altered the overall significance of the combined SMD in the analyses relating to the impact of HPV seminal infection on sperm progressive motility in infertile individuals (Fig. 4).
Egger’s test of publication bias of the seminal HPV infection on sperm progressive motility in infertile patients indicated a lack of publication bias (P = 0.84).
HPV has been considered as an infectious factor that might be linked to unexplained infertility in men. Previous meta analyses have reported the prevalence of HPV in semen and the risk for male infertility [13, 14]. Laprise et al. exhibited that the pooled HPV prevalence in semen was estimated at 16% for men seeking fertility evaluation/treatment and at 10% in general populations. Xiong et al. and Lyu et al. demonstrated that HPV semen infection was a risk factor for male fertility abnormality with an OR of 3.02 (95% CI: 2.11–4.32) and 2.93 (95% CI: 2.03–4.24) respectively. The issue whether HPV seminal infection has significance and consequence for sperm progressive motility in infertile men is controversial. The current study conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of HPV semen infection on sperm progressive motility in infertile subjects. The results showed that the prevalence of HPV detection in semen in infertile men ranged from 9.1% by Zheng et al. to 67.7% by Yang et al. . Sperm progressive motility reduced significantly in seminal HPV infected patients compared with non-infected groups. In the aspect of HPV genotypes distribution, the results showed that HPV-16, HPV-18/52, HPV-33, in decreasing order, were the most prevalent genotypes in semen of infertile group. Previous studies have shown that in semen the HPV were detected both in exfoliated cells and in sperm surface, especially in the sperm head . In an in vitro study, Carlo et al. reported that HPV could infect human sperm and it localized at the equatorial region of sperm head through interaction between the HPV capsid protein L1 and syndecan-1. Moreover, HPV binding to sperm was tenacious [10, 31] and conventional methods of sperm washing could not clear HPV DNA from sperm surface .
The pathogenic mechanism explicating the reduction of sperm progressive motility related to seminal HPV infection might be associated with anti-sperm antibodies (ASAs), glandular dysfunction and sperm DNA fragmentation. Firstly, several studies have shown that infertile patients with HPV semen infection had a high percentage of ASAs on sperm surface and the presence of HPV in semen was frequently related with ASAs of IgA and IgG classes, which suggested that the presence of HPV DNA on the sperm surface might represent an antigenic stimulus for ASA formation [17, 33]. Although the role of ASAs is controversial, some mechanisms have been proposed affecting sperm quality: sperm agglutination and complement mediated sperm cytotoxicity occurring within the male genital tract . Secondly, HPV seminal infection in infertility men may have altered proportions of secretory products mainly from prostate and seminal vesicles, which could have a negative impact on sperm motility . Thirdly, HPV infection might result in the increased rate of sperm DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. In vitro study by Connelly et al. indicated that sperm cells transfected with exogenous HPV E6/E7 DNA had higher percentages of breakages characteristic of apoptosis compared to the uninfected controls. In contrary, in vivo study by Cortes et al. failed to find any association between HPV positive and sperm DNA fragmentation. Further evidence gathered through well-designed trials to confirm whether HPV-infected sperm is more susceptible to DNA damage is warranted.
In fact, HPV-infected sperm maintained their ability to fertilize the oocyte, interfered with implantation and embryo development, thus affecting the outcome and safety of assisted reproduction techniques (ARTs) . Henneberg et al. demonstrated embryo stage-specific disruption effects of HPV on early development. Perino et al. reported the lower pregnancy rate and increased percentage of abortions in ARTs with HPV positive in semen. In a cross-sectional clinical study , cumulative pregnancy rates recorded in noninfected and infected couples undergoing ART were, respectively, 38.4 and 14.2%. During the follow-up of these pregnancies, a significantly higher miscarriage rate (62.5% vs. 16.7% of noninfected) was observed in HPV-infected subjects. In particular, all pregnancy losses of the infected group took place very early (three at 5th and two at 6th gestational week).
The results showed that I2-value was greater than 50%, which suggested that there was potential heterogeneity between studies. The heterogeneity might be attributed to differences in study region, sample size, the definition of male infertility and the number of HPV types detected. The inclusion criterion of the infertile group was at least 1 year or 2 years of unprotected sexual intercourse without conception. The study by Foresta et al. included the infertile patients of case group only affected by HPV-16 semen infection and HPV-genotypes other than HPV-16 were all excluded. Multiple HPV-genotypes were detected in most of articles included in the present study and the genotype was not mentioned in one study . The results of subgroup analysis showed that I2-value was equal to zero in the subgroup of China, which suggested that study region might be the causes of heterogeneity.
In addition, some limitations of the present meta-analysis should be considered when interpreting the results. Firstly, though we performed an extensive literature search, potential selection bias could not be completely avoided because only articles published in Chinese and English were included. Secondly, some important confounding factors, such as male age and environmental exposures were not always noted. These factors might have confounding effects on the correlation between HPV semen infection and reduced sperm progressive motility. Thirdly, most articles were not prospective study and might therefore decrease the reliability of our results.
In summary, the current evidences suggest that HPV semen infection could significantly reduce sperm progressive motility in infertile individuals compared with non-infected infertile group. This information could make recommendations for reproduction diagnosis and treatment and could affect public health. However, this evidence is far from conclusive because of the small sample sizes and existing confounding factors of the currently available studies. Future studies with large sample size and rigorous design are necessary to elucidate the impact of HPV semen infection on sperm quality.
Availability of data and materials
The current study was based on results of relevant published studies.
Assisted reproduction techniques
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis C virus
Human immunodeficiency virus
Standardised mean difference
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This study was supported by Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo (2018A610330; 2019A610357).
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Cao, X., Wei, R., Zhang, X. et al. Impact of human papillomavirus infection in semen on sperm progressive motility in infertile men: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 18, 38 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-020-00604-0
- Human papillomavirus
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- Sperm quality
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Tis the season to be Jolly!! Falalalala!!
Unfortunately, not everyone tends to feel this way during this time of the year. If you ask someone why they might be depressed, oppressed, frustrated & or lonely, answers would probably vary based on past experiences.
Here are Some tips on Overcoming Holiday Blues!!
1-Have Realistic Expectations-Don’t dwell on the past
2-Focus on Thanksgiving & Gratitude for what you already have rather than what you don’t
3-Take good care of yourself proper rest, food & exercise
4-Keep things in financial perspective-Don’t go into debt
5-Deal with Loneliness directly-Be honest with yourself. There are many volunteer opportunities & seek loving environments
6-Be diligent in your devotional time-Focus on this time as a time of personal, spiritual & emotional growth
7-Finally, enjoy this time, knowing that you have already received the greatest Gift(the Birth of Christ)which is what Christmas is all about
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Introduction:Software as a service (or SaaS) is a way of delivering applications over the Internet—as a service. Instead of installing and maintaining software, you simply access it via the Internet, freeing yourself from complex software and hardware management. Software-as-a-service (SaaS) is getting to be a progressively reasonable choice for organizations in terms of openness, usefulness, and versatility in a vicious commerce environment. It’s remarkable for companies to run SaaS computer programs and maintain online information without having, introducing, and running applications on their computer frameworks and information centers. As such, these advancements are rising in ubiquity each year. SaaS is taking over the cloud computing advertise. The world predicts that the service-based cloud application industry will be worth $143.7 billion by 2022 a level of development that will shape SaaS patterns in 2021. SaaS may be a computer program demonstration that provides such functions that are not available in our computer and cost-effectiveness for companies, that is why it’s such a dependable alternative for various trade models and industries.
A breakthrough year for the SaaS:2019 was a breakthrough year for the SaaS world in numerous ways. With an unused year on the skyline, in this article, we’ll investigate 10 fundamental SaaS trends that will stand out in 2021. But, sometimes we are going examine the common characteristics rotating around the industry that will offer assistance put extra light on the SaaS industry patterns for 2021.
The Key Characteristics of SaaS:Some key characteristics of SaaS application that is very beneficial and helpful for the public who used that service and make SaaS the number one service throughout the world.
● Flexible payment options:
Adaptability in installment models, where they were paid only for the asset utilization they require, for the occasion and they do not require to pay a whole month.
Cloud-based SaaS empowers businesses to grow with ease due to its wonderful versatility. Companies can be specific about the types of highlights and choices they want.
SaaS providers handle the necessary software updates and develop new features over time, so businesses don’t have to invest ample amounts of time in this particular area of operation.
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SaaS improvements improve a business’s capacity to advance collaboration over groups and divisions due to the facilitation of record sharing, in expansion to particular ease of perusing and understanding new business.
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Top 10 SaaS industry trends:We see a long run of SaaS growing with a little specialty in markets being caused by Micro-SaaS and Vertical SaaS trends. Also, AI, moving to PaaS, and white-labeling trends lead to more complex and personalized cloud offerings coming into play. At long last, a mobile-first may be a given whereas building cloud apps in 2021 and beyond. The top 10 trends of SaaS are given below.
● Enhanced Mobile Optimization ● White Label SaaS ● Artificial Intelligence ● Vertical SaaS ● The Growing Need For API Connections ● Migration To PaaS ● Micro-SaaS ● Centralized Analytics ● Low-Code Capabilities ● Machine Learning
● Enhanced Mobile Optimization:
In our mobile-driven age, we’re free from the boundaries of time or geological area, meaning that individuals can interface with their peers and remain beneficial 24/7, 365 days of the year. Increasingly, companies over segments work basic parts of the businesses from their tablets or smartphones. Furthermore, more workers than ever feel engaged to perform their employments way better by being able to work with energetic portable dashboards and different instruments.
● White Label SaaS:
One of the most recent and most interesting current SaaS points, the development of white labeling will be gotten to be more noticeable in 2021. Essentially, SaaS white labeling could be a handle where software-based commerce makes a completely created, tried, and finalized stage and then offers it to another company so they can customize and offer it beneath their claim branding.
● Artificial Intelligence:
The primary of our most impactful patterns in SaaS is the independent, self-learning variety. Today, Artificial Intelligence(AI) is deep-rooted in the veins of our society. AI made the breakthrough throughout the world because of its remarkable functionalities insights patterns for 2021 – and next year, it’s anticipated to create some genuine waves.
Fake Insights innovation is getting to be broader; it’s getting to be a genuine game-changer, with anticipated market esteem of $733.7 billion by 2027. AI optimizes commerce forms, expanding efficiency and effectiveness whereas computerizing monotonous tasks and supporting human capabilities.
● Vertical SaaS:
Our foremost SaaS pattern in 2021 is Vertical SaaS. In this SaaS centers on clients over any segment and industry, Vertical SaaS is customizable, focusing on clients inside particular businesses and supply chains. A few illustrations give analytics computer programs, retail analytics, or advanced coordinations analytics.
Companies who are looking to advantage from specialization are finding Vertical SaaS to be a cost-effective, industry-specific alternative that permits them to refine the customization of certain highlights.
● The Growing Need For API Connections:
The API (Application Programming Interface) has been a principal portion of program improvement for a long time. With the blast of SaaS solutions and adoption by the advertising, they have to be coordinated into an existing business framework showed up.
● Migration To PaaS:
That said, in 2021, we anticipate seeing SaaS moving towards the domains of PaaS (stage as a benefit) – advancements that engage businesses to construct custom apps as add-ons to their unique administrations.
A SaaS trade focusing on a specialty advertise, run by one individual or a really little group, with little costs, a contract center, a little but committed user base, and no outside funding.
Thus, micro-SaaS like several imaginative and important industry on the rise, expansive numbers of players start to enter the field, immersing the showcase and forces the competition – which implies in 2021, and past, SaaS companies will find better approaches to improve, offer esteem, and interface with modern prospects.
● Centralized Analytics:
The basic SaaS industry pattern is data-driven. As advanced changes over for making businesses, faster businesses see information to streamline of their organization whereas picking up a more profound understanding into their clients or clients.
● Low-Code Capabilities:
Software-as-a-service stages proceed to extend their reach year by year and in 2021 will be no exemption. Especially due to the rise of ‘no-code and ‘low-code stages, tech new companies can bring their SaaS-based substance to life with less specialized experience.
These out-of-the-box fashion information centers (SaaS stages for SaaS stage suppliers, if you may) won’t kill the requirements for designers or engineers. But, having less code to compose to create the establishments of your stage or arrangement implies that specialized staff or temporary workers can spend more time driving development or sweating the stuff that comes about in a genuine competitive edge.
● Machine Learning:
Machine Learning (ML), a subset of AI, is utilized in SaaS to robotize responsiveness in client benefit reports and applications, such as AI-powered chat operations with live chatbots. It’ll moreover robotize the onboarding handle of SaaS.
As ML is built on an independent operational demonstration, modern developments will encourage computer programs and stages that engage businesses to robotize noteworthy chunks of inside operations other than client benefit or encounter alone.
Some SaaS Categories are Growing Faster than Others:Going hand-in-hand with SaaS decentralization is far-reaching for utilizing more apps overall divisions. You see that at any cutting edge organization, every office employments used SaaS items broadly. A few offices are developing speedier than others when it comes to app use. Wildly well-known SaaS arrangements aren’t going absent any time before long. Much obliged to their ease and reasonableness. The world expects that SaaS solutions will create income near to $105 billion in 2020 alone. That’s $20 billion more than Gartner gauges for fair a year prior, in 2019. Without a doubt this bounce is due to the worldwide widespread, constraining companies to turn to inaccessible work—with SaaS arrangements among the least demanding to adopt and roll out.
5 Challenges Every SaaS Startup Has to Overcome:
● Identifying the market. The main difference between a startup and any other kind of business is that a startup often does not have a clearly ● Identified market to work with. … ● Achieving fast enough growth. … ● Establishing a viable business model. … ● Keeping customer turnover low. … ● Problems with supporting systems. | <urn:uuid:e8bcdedf-9101-4dd5-9de4-9e1fe89f9a70> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://golpik.com/saas-industry-trends/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.926071 | 1,973 | 1.890625 | 2 |
‘Would you be happy if the crypto-utopia you bring up happens in the next 10 years, and all value is stored/transacted through a cryptocurrency, but it was a coin that you do not possess now, nor could you transfer any of you current currencies into it?’
Say tomorrow someone releases the one true coin, but no one notices. All other cryptocurrencies drop to zero value, then a crypto miracle occurs - the one true coin is uncovered and almost overnight becomes the defacto monetary standard. Would crypto fans be satisfied?
This is a long way of asking: do you want cryptocurrency to succeed if you knew that you could not profit from it doing so?
My family and friends said i was stupid, utopist, being conned, wasting my time, and so lany things.
Btc was banana money at first, and only people believing it would be a great thing as a concept made it work. We didn't expect to make banks, it was a happy side effect of a mad naive bet.
All great things start like that. Comics are now the thing, but 20 years ago were still for pationate nerds.
"But the fact that some geniuses were laughed at does not imply that all who are laughed at are geniuses. They laughed at Columbus, they laughed at Fulton, they laughed at the Wright Brothers. But they also laughed at Bozo the Clown."
-- Carl Sagan
Going to share another quote, which I think is relative here -
“Those who are crazy enough to think they can change the world usually do.” - Steve Jobs
Of course, if you don't ever try it, you can never be right for any reasons.
Bitcoin is IMO likely somewhere in between. It kickstarted a new concept in IT but money is a really simple (although powerful) usecase. I'm more interested what will be done with the concept in the future.
He wasn't even right. He was wrong in his estimation of the earth circumference, and lucky that America was there between both oceans...
That's really rude.
* Mining has become highly centralized, the opposite of its original intent.
* Transaction fees are too high to justify its use in every day transactions and small transfers.
* Very few merchants accept it for every day transactions, and the number has decreased over time.
As an idea, a hope, the starting point for iterating on the future of money.
As a way to make the society think and debate.
And as all that, I think it had been successful.
Generally though, merchants wouldn't bother accepting it. Alongside the fees and whatnot, adoption is too low, fees are too high, time to confirm is too high, and it can complicate some legal stuff (like issuing VAT invoices).
Despite being a dominant force in film, they're selling poorly today.
That is a brilliant question!
Instead of all the endless bickering between crypto-fans and -haters reaching from technology to fiscal policy to society, it reduces the conflict to one simple test, as a sort of precondition.
Anecdata, but just going through my set of acquaintances, personal profit was always a factor. And I never even thought to question it. In hindsight, however, it seems (1) such an obvious thing to do, and (2) makes it clear to me that my acquaintances probably wouldn't give a damn about crypto if there wasn't a chance to profit from it.
I mean, the only reason Bitcoin went mainstream in the first place is not because of the technology (which existed for a decade), but because there was a extreme bubble (again) and mainstream people wanted to get rich quick.
I'm talking just about the positive potential of Bitcoin as a technology. There are many downsides and the current landscape of cryptocurrencies is not so great.
My vision is that crypto is going to be used like credit/debit cards, as a way to use money digitally, but it will backed against fiat.
But the problem is not the technology (it is there and exists for decades), but the laws. Better concentrate on that problem.
There's no way the current system can have a stable and uniform API that works globally.
For example: https://www.coindesk.com/crypto-gaza-west-bank-bitcoin-pales...
* To those people who say, "You can't compare crypto to a company because companies pay dividends," that is specifically why I chose Amazon as an example, a stock that does not pay dividends.
As an example of a tech, if someone asked me would you want self driving cars to succeed if you could not profit off of them, I would say that's a resounding success. A lot of people are excited about this tech because of the improvement in their daily lives, not because of a profit motive. Compare that to crypto
1) I would want Amazon-like businesses to succeed -- in the sense of "someone who finds a sustainable way cut the fat out of retailing" -- even if I could not profit as a shareholder. But I still think I would benefit (as a buyer) from that success.
2) I would want decentralized, arbitrary-money-printing-proof cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin to exist as a shield against governments that inflate away their money (like Venezuela or Zimbabwe) or abuse their central bank status for bailouts (in the first world), even if I could not profit as a holder (sorry, HODLer) of the currency. But I still think I would personally benefit as a prudent saver and (non-politically-connected) investor.
I want a cheap, fast, decentralized solution for token ownership with a great user experience. I want to build back-end solutions for crypto-tokens representing digital collectables, in-game items, etc.
I need a critical mass of users before these services start to become viable as a business model. Thus I need a cryptocurrency for tokens to succeed in a meaningful way. And I want this regardless of whether I own the native token of this network.
It's interesting how something which was built on the idea of decentralization by design has given way to a clear power structure, where those who have the sway to control the fate of the technology have largely used it to pursue their own personal enrichment over the health and success of the system as a whole.
To me it's evidence that some form of governance is required to build something which can actually serve the greater good. I also would like to see a stateless currency work out, but there are clearly still quite a few problems to be solved before that will even seem like a possibility.
Care to elaborate? Some examples?
Another example would be exchanges: a vast majority of people do not use cryptocurrency in a peer-to-peer fashion, but instead go through a small number of centralized exchanges, which have been known to freeze withdrawals, have been riddled with theft, fraud, and a playback of all the financial schemes dreamed up in the last few centuries which have not yet been regulated against in cryptocurrency (pump and dump, Tether etc.).
On top of that, the crypto media sphere seems to be completely unreliable: I've seen many headlines which are deliberately misleading with the intent of stoking a one-sided, glowing narrative about cryptocurrency (I.e. a crypto startup opens their account at Chase bank and the headline reads: "X Coin Begins Partnership with J.P. Morgan Chase", and related online
communities are heavily moderated to support the official viewpoint while silencing others.
Long story short, when I bought a little bit of Bitcoin to play with a few years ago, I could buy a coffee with it, and I could even make purchases with it on Amazon. Since then it's gotten much less useful to the average user.
>Another example would be exchanges
Interestingly enough, with regards to bitcoin, there was a huge powerplay that happened a couple years ago. And this debate proved who had the real power.
A couple years about, almost every major exchange, bitcoin company, merchant payment processor, and bitcoin miner, wanted increase the bitcoin blocksize, in order to reduce transactions fees to users and help adoption.
(Even though this directly hurt the miners, the miners still wanted it, because they supported adoption. Crazy, I know)
But, this change didn't pass, because the 4 or 5 people who controlled the bitcoin core github repository, and reference client disagreed with the changes, it prevented it from happening.
And this was in spite of the fact that almost every single major player in the space wanted this change.
So crazily enough, the central authorities of the bitcoin protocol, are the couple people who hold the keys to a github repository.
This is blatant re-writing of history.
A fork was written, Bitcoin Cash, but most people/miners/companies didn't want to use it. It was widely known and the differences/advantages/disadvantages were discussed ad nauseum for months/years.
A Github repo can't force people to run it's code instead of another.
> And this was in spite of the fact that almost every single major player in the space wanted this change.
So why did they keep running Bitcoin Core instead of the fork?
Because it turns out that controlling a github repo is a very powerful power.
> A fork was written, Bitcoin Cash
This has nothing to do with Bitcoin Cash. This has to do with 2XSegwit. An initiative that was supported by every single major miner, all of the exchanges (coinbase, gemini, kraken, ect), as well as the major merchant payment processors (IE, bitpay, and all the others).
There are statements after statements made by all of these players, where they stated support for it. Unfortunately, it seems like the people who control the bitcoin protocol, the developers, had too much power, though.
Did you disagree that every major miner, and Bitcoin business like coinbase and BitPay, put out messages in support of the 2X Segwit agreement?
Example? Community decision making when forks occur.
> largely used it to pursue their own personal enrichment
I'll let someone else provide examples of that one :)
For example, if there are problems with scams or whatever (e.g. impure gold scams, or cryptocurrency manipulation), people may choose non-coercive governance, like banks (e.g. through something like GNU Taler with a bank-backed currency). You could do this with any currency you choose, so which currency you use has little impact on the structure of government and how it interacts with the population, provided the government stays out of it. Because of this, fiat and resource-based currencies are equivalently acceptable for libertarianism.
So yeah, maybe cryptocurrency is tangentially related to libertarianism in that many libertarians are interested in them as an alternative to central, coercive banking, but that's about where the relationship ends. Libertarianism doesn't care if you have governance, as long as that governance doesn't use force.
And since cryptocurrencies aren't really used for real transactions, we can't really see how they would fare in a competitive currency market.
They used to be. I made online purchases and bought coffee in real life using Bitcoin just a few years ago. The evolution of Cryptocurrency has been away from any real-world usefulness, and toward its current incarnation as a largely speculative instrument.
And I would argue that in fact this has been the result of a Libertarian experiment playing out. Everything about Bitcoin has been opt-in: in principal anyone is free to own a node, and the community would have been free to opt-in to a governance structure which would have discouraged actions which made Bitcoin less useful to the majority of users, but this is not what happened. Instead power was consolidated in the hands of a few, who chose their own self-interest to the detriment of the larger community.
I am not a fan of coercive government, but I struggle to see how the story of cryptocurrency to this point does not provide evidence that some strategy is needed, beyond maximal personal liberty, to discourage bad actors from causing disproportionate harm to the collective.
You say this like it's a fact but I feel like it's the opposite. There aren't many compelling examples of this. And to the extent that there are, they exist in a competitive market and their fate is determined by users and investors, who weigh the cost of the greed vs the benefit of the technology and reward/penalize accordingly.
It might not be worse but IMO it hasn't proven to be better.
That's the decentralisation of power that has occurred.
You don't have to prove your identity. You don't have to prove anything to anyone. You just download some software and generate a private key. Bitcoin is to money what the internet was to book publishing.
In that world, there would also be nothing to stop anyone else from just taking your money by force and without any consequences.
The loudest voices against government regulation of finance usually belong to those with the least understanding of it. Most of the regulation is just there to protect market participants.
If I am a victim of fraud and lose my money, I have the concept of the rule of law to help me get my money back. In a decentralized world there is no way to get my money back.
Besides, it is the government's job to help society function well, in part by making the economy successful. Money is just a tool to do that.
The governments ability to print money has absolutely nothing to do with its police force.
If someone steals money from others, then the police should go in and arrest them. The police don't need a printing press to do their job.
It is perfectly possible for the rule of law to exist, and for decentralized currencies, to also exist at the same time.
there are going to be consequences. It's just that they will be enforced by smart contracts instead of governments..
if that 's the only problem with cryptocurrencies, it can easily be solved with insurance
While I have invested in crypto and believe it has great potential, one of its touted benefits by its supporters is also one of its biggest pitfalls, namely that its money supply is predetermined. The inability to actively manage a money supply given exogenous shocks to the economy is a big problem.
Any supply of money will do, the idea that money should increase in supply along with population growth (or some other arbitrary metric) otherwise we’ll permanently live in a deflationary disaster is an imagined monster — we live in the here and now, therefore people have to spend some amount of money to live (food, housing, entertainment, etc) regardless of whether they perceive the purchasing power of money to increase in the future. By centrally planning (and thus inflating) the amount of money in circulation during financial crises the only thing that is accomplished is a re-inflation of the bubble — essentially they’re sowing the seeds of destruction again, causing the next bubble in an attempt to cure the last one.
Please read this explanation of the financial crisis, I’d be happy to comment further if you have specific critiques on this article (and no I didn’t write it):
> Any supply of money will do.
That is just nonsense. If you have a fixed money supply, given that economic growth is happening, would result in a naturally deflationary currency. That is a terrible place to be for the system as a whole as no one has any incentives to spend or invest in anything as money itself will simply gain value over time just sitting as cash. Thus, that money isn't being used / circulated. Having a ideal velocity of money has significant multiplier effects and deflationary currencies are fundamentally flawed.
The problem then is: if you want a low rate of inflation but there is a natural variation in the growth rate due to the cyclic nature of the economy, then how to create a system that could do that without a monetary authority.
In what world is this true? Time preference is a real thing, and it is unrealistic to assume that 100% of the population will put off non-essential consumption and investment because the price of a Ferrari will decrease by 2.353% next year. Time is a very important factor in the consumption/investment decisions that people take, and modern mainstream economics neglect this fact both on the micro-level and on the macro-level, which is why crazy theories about the neccessity of inflation-rate targeting are able to arise. Most people put their savings in a bank account which the bank lends out to businesses to invest in projects - if anything more savings will lead to more investment than otherwise, which is more important to the bedrock of an economy than spending on consumption.
Also worth pointing out that the period during which the United States experienced its most significant economic growth (mid to late 1800s) was during a period of severe deflation of the dollar.
Keynesian economics (and more generally monetary policy) and inflation-targeting (i.e. the neccessity of having a positive inflation rate) is both theoretically disproven by the existence of time preference (a time preference of zero is literally impossible, it means starving to death) and its heterogenous distribution in a population, as well as empirically by looking at the periods of deflation in the U.S. dollar during the 1800s and the associated economic growth.
Again, you HAVE to spend money to live (otherwise you die). It’s impossible to live without food and water, most people want to live in a house, most people want entertainment, etc. None of those things can be had without spending money.
Also, if your argument is correct, why don’t people put 100% of their money into the stock market (which reliably goes up over long periods of time) and instead choose to spend it?
Once it becomes too useful as a value store, it stops being used for trade, which hurts the economy.
So therefore some inflation is a good thing, it means the money keeps moving. If you want to store value you do that with assets other than money.
With the latter you're constantly guessing and tweaking the model and roughly every 10 years there's a crash and the economists say okay, NOW we have it perfect and we'll never get it wrong again.
Why do you need an unlimited money supply? The only thing causing these shocks is that the economy is doing whatever it wants and then the economic model collapses.
The difference here is that inflation is predetermined and set instead of printing money on demand like we do in the traditional financial system.
What, specifically, do you think the consequences of a stable money supply are?
It only makes sense to take on debt if you have a productive way to put that money to use (Eg a business) that has a higher rate of return than the interest rate.
This cycle can continue forever, and the faster this cycle occurs the higher our GDP.
That’s an interesting speculation, but it remains to be seen what will happen when inflation is near zero.
If people value transacting on the network, then they will pay the necessary fees to keep it running. If they don’t then it will go down.
I suspect this isn’t the big issue people think it is, regardless there’s no way to “prove” that transaction fees won’t be enough — everyone from miners to speculators by owning mining equipment and Bitcoin are specifically betting that transaction fees will be enough.
If the network is used more it will be more valuable, which means the reward value will increase as the inflation decreases. If nobody uses the network then it'll be worthless, which at that point it doesn't matter since nobody is using it.
The market moved on to other forms of money centuries ago.
Gold, which, by the way, has an extraordinarily high energy and environmental cost to extract.
Have we seen this to be a problem within the context of Bitcoin?
Indeed. And not just because they're absolutely terrible at it: giving control over money creation to a government is like giving a drug addict the keys to the heroin factory.
This is what traditionally legal system with the power of violence used to deal with before. Now we see it implemented as a code. This part is more exciting to me than trying to sidestep whatever misguided government (not just US) rules and actions are.
EDIT: Perhaps proof of work based on burning energy, which is expensive and tends to bring centralized parties, is not the best way to ensure rules are enforced, but the fact the whole thing is open source is great in my opinion.
As far as I can see, there's no significant incentive to mine other than money, so miners want money, so you can persuade them with money.
The "consensus" is fundamentally an auction.
Cryptocurrency doesn't do this.
The original statement was:
> I think there's value in reducing the politically privileged's means to dominate their power over the general populaced
We can argue whether there's value in that. But if you're asking /how/ bitcoin et al can do that, the answer is that it removes direct control over the currency from nations and parliaments.
They may still be able to wield indirect control through a variety of other means, but that /is/ less control than simply being able to declare 500 and 1000 rupee notes valueless.
So the question becomes, why should the supermarket or the utility company accept crypto payments instead of dollars, when they know the former can lose 20%-99% of its value overnight, while the value of the latter is guaranteed to be kept stable by the government?
People and companies want to have a central, stable issuing authority they can trust.
Absolutely true, see EcoCash. It's a fascinating case study.
>and crypto very explicitly doesn't solve the problem that businesses will need to trust the issuing entity before they switch to using a new currency.
Trust is a relative thing. EcoCash is issued by a mobile phone provider. That should be crazy (who would trust verizon to issue currency?) except that _literally no one_ trusts the Zimbabwean government to issue currency any more, so the phone provider won by dint of a) being in the right place at the right time and b) being relatively more trustworthy.
Actively building trust is something you need to do if you've got a pile of venture capital burning down that you need to pay back before you go broke. However, cryptocurrencies are usually not VC-backed products, and therefore don't have time-bombs strapped to them. Bitcoin is doing extremely well in Venezuela right now as faith in the bolivar drops through the floor. Cryptocurrencies are at this point extremely well position to be conveniently accessible any time people's faith in their national currency drops enough for them to start looking elsewhere. This is a slow burn situation.
>People and companies want to have a central, stable issuing authority they can trust.
I'd love to see a citation on that. People trust a wide array of deities and insist that the deities other people trust don't exist. This is a Homo economicus argument, it seems unlikely that we can quantify what people want and how they trust so easily. My anecdotal observation is that people want to have something that sounds plausible enough that they feel comfortable not researching the details. If people wanted a central stable issuing authority they wouldn't accept fractional reserve banking.
> I'd love to see a citation on that.
Didn't you just provide two examples yourself (Zimbabwe and Venezuela) that alternative currencies are being adopted precisely due to the lack of a stable central issuing authority?
Cryptocurrency doesn't diminish a government's ability to enact financial policies within their sovereign borders.
Payments are only relative small function of financial sector. Much more important is to act in credit markets, i.e take deposits and issue loans. How did you think that crypto removes need for fees (interest rate) and trust in those applications?
- Backed up dat file
- Backed up wallet password
- Recovery phrase
There, now you have 3 separate ways to not lose your btc!
All the more incentive to not lose them!
In other words, banks multiply money right now, but you cannot multiply cryptocurrency.
It's much more honest and clear.
If I do, there is practically zero difference how banks would work with crypto and fiat. And that promise can be used as money just like it can now with fiat. Thus banks would be able to monetarily multiply crypto at will as well.
If not, well, how exactly are you planning to stop me and my bank making such a contract? You know, the bank can pay me some interest on my savings is I let them lend the money forward, so both banks amd my incentive is to allow the lending of my deposit.
We use bank money now because it's more convenient than paying with gold. But imagine that paying with gold was more convenient and preferred. In that case, we would see money in the bank as an investment, not as a wallet.
Your employer does not wire transfers money to your bank, but to your wallet. He pays you "in gold" so to speak. Same when you go shopping etc. There is no bank involved in transferring money anymore.
If you put money on the bank, you cannot use those credits to pay other people, as you are able to do now. Because people expect "gold", not bank credits.
You are correct that in a cryptocurrency world, banks could still have fractional reserves. But the main difference is that there will be a clear distinction between "real money", which is cryptocurrency, and "bank notes", which are a promise of the bank to pay you cryptocurrency. Right now, you cannot make the distinction between the two.
This is also the reason why they were able to let the gold standard disappear, because nobody would notice. If everyone trades in gold, the gold standard cannot just be abolished.
Basically a cryptocurrency world is a gold standard, where gold is the preferred way of paying.
This would also mean that banks will go back to how they operated when there was no central bank. And even further back than that, because payments are more conveniently made with "gold".
The reason nobody does this is because there is no good reason to -- banks in the US are extremely reliable and trustworthy.
What if my real employer doesn't live close to me because he's in a different country? Should he send cash in an envelope? Which cash? The one from my country? From his country?
What if you live in Venezuela, would you still trust the government money?
So no, this is not possible with USD bills.
> banks in the US are extremely reliable and trustworthy
"Massive bail-outs of financial institutions and other palliative monetary and fiscal policies were employed to prevent a possible collapse of the world financial system."
If cryptocurrencies ever become mainstream, banking services will be built on top of them, just as they were originally built on top of gold.
The only thing I can think of that cryptos let you do cheaper than banks is rapid, relatively frictionless funds transfer, so I’ll admit their utility there. But other than that, what banking services do cryptos give you?
Besides, you're paying for the legal and institutional protection anyway. If crypto made money transfer more efficient, they'd use it and still have the value add of a large institution backing transactions.
$80M DAI issued so far...
They can also try to outlaw bitcoin, but they have a bit more trouble stealing it.
Can I transmit my gold in any quantity that I want to anyone in the world with an Internet connection for a few dollars in fees?
Because your alternative is to trust the crypto infrastructure, which is far less trustworthy.
actually banks have failed in the past, this infrastructure not yet
Man, what are you talking about? There's a new "$100 million in coins go missing" story every 6 months.
Coins go missing from exchanges, which break the basic private key rule. People use exchanges for convenience because as clever as cryptocurrency is, it has no answer to the exchange problem.
Bullshit. No "religious" following of rules can protect you against a zero day exploit somewhere in your system.
Actually, there are smart contracts which act as exchanges. Not for all currency pairs yet, but it's on the way.
As of now, paying for goods and services with cryptocurrencies is relatively risky; it's hard to get recourse if you're scammed; and the standard credit card infrastructure with chargebacks and fraud protection is comparably more trustworthy.
As of now, storing cryptorcurrencies is risky. And I'm not even talking about the shady brokers/exchanges that can steal or lose their customer's money. You can store it yourself as well as you can - but, as it turns out, most people aren't that good at storing it securely, so all kinds of risks and breaches (e.g. hacking your devices to get access to your secrets) are more common than for bank accounts but, also, the consequences are more severe - if your bank account gets drained in an identity theft attack, very often these funds are recovered or compensated, not so with crypto. So again, the existing financial infrastructure with regulation, FDIC or similar insurance in case of fraud or insolvency, mandated consumer protection in case of scammed credentials - it's more trustworthy than the commonly used processes&procedures&infrastructure of crypto storage.
In reality most of the exchanges and sites dealing with crypto were (and probably still are) built by absolute amateurs with no checks and balances on their apps from a security perspective. Its scary as hell that people trust those sites with their actual money.
What was stored on the encrypted laptop was all of the cold storage wallets containing the majority of the digital assets.
No less idiotic, but an important factual distinction.
Most cryptocurrency fans seem to be optimistic investors looking to join in on the massive returns seen by investors in 2016-2017. Most of them care more for generating 'hype' and seeing an increase in the value of the coin they hold, just so they can dump their holdings later. I don't think they'd be too interested in a coin that inflated in value that they didn't hold (they'd probably instead promote something they did hold). Most cryptocurrency fans do not hold one particular coin, and generally change which coin they advocate for pretty often.
Cryptocurrency communities are generally pretty toxic and non-constructive environments. I've been part of a couple, and I've noticed multiple times a massive decline in the quality of the community (and, sometimes, in development as well) as the cryptocurrency got more popular (and more people joined the community).
Plurality is the name of the game. History has endless examples. Yes nothing would last but...the better monies would move to a better monies. It's called competition. There is very little competition when it comes to monetary policies. Crypto will foster more of it. It can get messy but hopefully it won't get deadly.
Those of us who have been here since the beginning just want cryptocurrency to succeed and flourish and fulfill its roles, and we already know Bitcoin won't be the answer so we're all waiting on The One True Coin.
Someone who is a fan of cryptocurrency itself is a fan of the ideas behind it and what it can bring to the table. People who are only satisfied in the outcome if they become rich are clearly not interested in the real benefits of cryptocurrency. So asking fans of cryptocurrency this question is a waste of time because the answer should be the same.
The point of my comment was to highlight to OP that they have a categorization problem. Just because a division exists doesn't mean you get to call No True Scotsman.
The reason is that I think that while governments can be better at monetary policy, they need competition to keep them in check. Other currencies technically provide that competition, but they can be suppressed via legislation in a given jurisdiction, and this is, in fact, commonly done precisely where such competition would have practical sense (e.g. countries with hyperinflation often try to regulate and even outright ban currency exchange; or the various historical bans on private ownership of bullion gold in many countries).
Bitcoin is always there, available to anyone who has Internet access and can get past "great firewalls" (and when people's money are at stake, they are surprisingly good at learning such things). Consequently, the government can only do so much to its own money before it starts losing that competition - Venezuela is one ongoing example.
Similar reason people find gold appealing I suppose.
Hyperinflation is a symptom of economic problems, not the origin of it. If you find a way to prevent nominal inflation by crypto, it doesn't prevent the related problems. There's a good reason why we got rid of the gold standard, which had all the same problems as a crypto-based economy would have, and was unsustainable because of that.
Since you mention bond positions, if they'd were denominated in non-inflationary crypto, in any such scenario they'd drop anyway - if it wouldn't be possible by inflation, then it'd happen by defaults. Which would also mean a default of all credit institutions. Which would then mean the disruption of most businesses who rely on these institution. Which would then mean nonpayment of salaries. Which would then cause a lack of demand, causing even more economic problems. Compared to that, a semi-orderly inflation (up to the extent that is required) is preferable to a cascade of defaults. The vast majority of the money in economy is anyway in the "I owe you" form, and crypto doesn't change that; even if all the economy would move to a cryptocurrency, only something like 2-5% of it could be in the form of "hard coin that I control" and the rest of it is in debt relationships between various businesses.
It sucks to get paid in some paper that's now nearly worthless - however, the alternative isn't to get paid in hard crypto, in such a scenario the possibility to get paid in full doesn't exist. So if we don't have the possibility to get paid in a devaluated currency, then people either don't get paid at all, or have to suddenly invent a new worthless paper currency and build an infrastructure for it, at a time when they don't really have the time and resources to do it. This isn't a hypothetical example - such "currencies" have developed in e.g. various long-term conflict zones.
How so? For a net debtor, deflation is potentially ruinous.
I guess I put too much faith in law enforcement.
Personally the computational overhead makes me weep a fair amount; we're simultaneously trying to save the planet while making our payment methods several orders of magnitude more expensive in terms of power. But if there was a "coin" that was comparative in terms of energy expenditure with what currently exists then I'd be more than happy to "lose" my wealth in other coins. That is a very low price to pay for such a system.
and yes i think most cryptocoin loonies want any one of them to succeed , the potential is so crazy high, that wishing otherwise would be foolish
Anyway, I would love cryptocurrency to succeed, and in an efficient manner (say we get all the problems worked out of proof of stake).
I live in Argentina, work for an UK based company. been doing that for the last 10 years.
Before I could trade bitcoin in an almost frictionless way (I.e., before I discovered Localbitcoin.com) my routine was to go to the ATM after the payment got into my european bank account, do a few extracts per day, rinse and repeat until I got all the money I needed.
Rate per extraction was around a few euros if I didn't hit minimum, to a certain % (That at times could be 5%, but can't quite recall as last time was 6 or so years ago). Minimum depended on the current economic situation of my country at the time (I suppose I don't need to explain that).
So, why not wire the money to your local bank account, you might ask?
Well, last time I checked (I moved a year ago to Buenos Aires and haven't checked how it goes here because I don't need to) the process for wiring money to my local bank account was as follows:
(Argentina is not inserted into the international SWIFT system !!!) I had to wire the money to a specific bank account in the US, that belonges normally to the bank I was checking, but couldn't really say. I had to wire the money there from my european bank account with certain conditions, so it could be recognizable that the money belonged to me.
Then, after some time (Could be as short as 2 weeks, but no bank would assure it would work like that every time, and wait times of 1 month or more were totally possible, considering how the Argetinian banks operate, i.e., mob-like) I would get my money _in the local currency_ with the corresponding loss due to exchange rates. AND (that's kind a really big AND, I need bigger caps) the "charge" for the operation was around 100 bucks. PER OPERATION.
"Thats too much" I said. "Yeah, people tend to group operations in half years so transfer is justified" was the answer I got.
I tested this at 3 different banks, got the same reply in all 3. Seriously.
So, now I trade bitcoin. I buy them in the UK, transfer them to my wallet, and use a broker to get the money in my account. The broker takes 2% on all operations, plus their rate is around 2% below of the current BTC price, but I don't mind. At least I'm getting ripped by somebody I want to get ripped by.
And then we have the speed issue: Since Segwit, it can take as little as half an hour to do the whole operation.
2 months ago I woke up with the money in my EU bank account (I'm not an early raiser, may I say), and by noon I had completed all operations and was just waiting for the broker to deposit the money in my local bank account.
BTW, the reason for me using a broker, is that minimum operation volume in LocalBTC is 0.2 BTC, and with the price hike at the middle of 2017 that became a problem; that, plus mostly everybody in Argentina that deals in BTC are fucking histerical trying to do a quick buck, so they start getting nervous if they don't close the operation in under 30 minutes.
And just in case you want to know how the banks operate here, another anecdote:
The dollar fucking doubled it's rate between May and September last year. The measure the gobernment used to stop the rate rise was to take the credit rate to above 70% (Yes, that's a seven followed by a zero).
Then, a lot of people here manage their finances both with credit and debit cards, because it's a lot easier (Unless you want to be carrying a lot of bills in your pockets).
So, what do banks do? They fuck merchants over, by delaying as much as they can transferring the money, because they put that in the financial market (We're speaking in the weeks here, above 3 of them). Even with the fines and shit, they are making shitloads of money. So, that mean that merchants get fucked over twice: they don't get the money in time, and when they get it prices might have changed a lot, so in a lot of cases they end up losing money.
Regarding the questions re:cryptocurrency I'm here for a long time, not a fun time. I mean, I have no problem if I have some fun with it, but it's not the end goal. And it's going to be fun if crypto takes off, as countries / governments are going to have to deal with the implied loss of power.
The banks where I checked where #52, #55 and #77
All in all, I received the same information in all 3, even thought they all have a SWIFT code assigned (So that probably mean they don't even have a registered account for the bank).
Here's a page from a rather large bank, where the process is exposed:
It's in spanish, but if you click in either "Dólares" or "Euros" you get some bank icons below (3 in "dólares", 2 in "euros") with the details of the bank accounts where you could send the money. For any other currency, you have to call to get the instructions.
Can't get any more clearer.
Deposit in euros
Deposit in dollars
By the way if you are buying BTC, Kraken is much cheaper than 2% (more like 0.2%) and I think they take GBP.
It does sound like the banks are iffy.
I'm not sure you need a swift code, probably just a bank account number/sort code.
>The recipient gets money in their currency directly from TransferWise''s local bank account.
I have not tried Argentina as I have no business there but have sent money to Indonesia which is another tricky place and it worked fine. Fair enough re Kraken - they do GBP to BTC, not BTC to pesos.
Each country has their own way to sort stuff internally.
For instance "sort code" is not something you find in countries like Spain (I have a bank account there; sort code is something found in the UK).
Nor are they found in this country. Here, we have what it's called CBU (Uniform bank key).
Again, when you go to a bank branch, _IF_ there's any relation between your bank account and a SWIFT account, they never tell you that information
And, considering that even in the cases you agree to do the transfer, you do not do that to a bank account in the SWIFT system that belongs to the branch but to a bank account in another country, I doubt we are integrated.
An overnight crypto miracle won't happen, by the way. Money is too important and requires too much trust for an overnight success to occur.
Every year that the BTC network runs without a major exploit, is another year of confidence in the network protocol's security. Unlike some software categories that are prone to rapid disruption, money is not one of those things.
Disruption occurs a lot slower for very important reasons. People have to trust in a crypto currency in order to store value in it and exchange value for it. That takes time, to test in production if any major exploits exist.
It's not trivial what Bitcoin has accomplished this far.
You seem to be assuming that anyone interested in crypto is in it for the money.
I assure you, that's not the case. To me, getting the money supply out of the clutches of governments is the most important aspect of crypto-currencies.
To answer your question: Which crypto wins and how much it'll be worth are the last of my concern, as I will profit, along with all of society, from getting the govt to surrender management of something they're basically terrible at.
Deflationary tokens are not much good as a currency but they are good as a Ponzi scheme.
This is what most "blockchain" enthusiasts get wrong. They think it is just about technology, and thus, they can come up with "a better bitcoin."
They're missing that the predetermined monetary policy is the key innovation of Bitcoin, and that by creating a new "blockchain" which prints new money, they are shooting themselves in the foot, because they can't ever be "a superior bitcoin" when they have inflation as part of the parcel.
A free market does not really care about whether some people have the opinion that deflation is bad. At the end of the day, nobody can change Bitcoin's monetary policy, and it will be left to the free market to decide whether or not they are going to put their money in this, or whether they're going to bet on inflation.
I would have much more faith in a cryptocoin's potential as a currency if the predetermined monetary policy was something like Friedman's k-percent rule: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedman%27s_k-percent_rule
Of course this would vastly reduce the Ponzi aspect for early owners which might remove most of the appeal.
And I still wouldn't have much faith in it since I doubt being decentralized is enough of a benefit for people to switch away from government currency and normal banking.
A majority of hashing power in the network could change Bitcoins monetary policy.
A majority of hashing power attempting to change monetary policy spins off a forked coin which does not have economic value because it does not have economic users.
If the overwhelming majority of bitcoin users (98%+) wished to do so, they could possibly change the monetary policy. Of course this will never happen, because there are die-hards like myself who will always stick with the non-inflationary bitcoin.
And then, the market decides whether to stick with the non-inflationary coin, or to use an inflationary one.
The worst that a majority of miners could do the the non-inflationary bitcoin is temporary denial of service, or attempted double spending of their own money. It's going to cost them an awful lot in electricity to try either, and they're not going to get that money back unless they're generating coins that are in demand to buy.
There was a brief moment where companies began paying employees in crypto.
If the cryptocurrency was at least somewhat open and efficient, then I would be extremely happy. If it was more like a payment layer that only a few large banks could use, I would be still be happy, but much less so.
$1000: Tough, but I'd do it if it meant the promised change to financial services
$10000: Unlikely, I'd rather keep my non-perfect coins
$100000: No way.
However if there is a slight chance I might profit from it, I'll gladly take those odds.
Imagine a currency that everyone is born with a certain amount of, with the only price of admission your ability to prove your identity. Suddenly, we have solved the problem of proof of work for allowing this to be a distributed ledger since the trust can be based on reputation. Also, we can impose limits such as perhaps a logarithmic scale of wealth interpretation, where ten million dollars isn't all that much more than one million, if it's all in the hands of one person.
The digital age could be an age of fairness, if we choose to use these tools to design a fair game instead of an unfair one. Note that I mean "fair" not in the sense of two people starting out exactly equal, but where the winner can use their advantage to win more over time until the "match" is over, but one that tends towards a fairness equilibrium, where the advantages gained by one person or group over others are minimized over time or at extreme scales.
This is how I write when I have gotten less than 4 hours of sleep, but hey, I can dream. :)
Would that be a new age of fairness?
The decline in rate of inflation is what prevents punishment of the older adopters. Inflation is inherently punishing of people who are saving an asset, because it steals value from them, or at least would do if demand didn't outpace supply.
If bitcoin offered the same reward to newcomers as it did to the people who adopted it 10 years ago, then nobody would've adopted it 10 years ago, and the result would be that everybody is punished, because the world at large would've ignored a great innovation.
You can't have both! Either you punish the savers by taking value from them and giving it to newcomers, or you let savers keep their value which pushes up the price for newcomers as demand increases. Socialist ideology fails to understand economics as usual.
Now you might argue that the rate of bitcoin's reduction of inflation is just too high, and should've been more gradual, or over a longer period of time. There might be some merit to that idea, but nobody could've accurately guessed the rate at which adoption would occur for a brand new technology.
After everyone is aware of what Bitcoin is, it doesn't really matter how long you make the halving. There will still be risk-takers and there will still be laggards. Some of the laggards will leave it until they can no longer go around with their eyes closed and must acquire some Bitcoin in order to make some purchases. Others will acquire it now (and 10 years ago) even when it is an extremely risky investment. Most people are somewhere in between.
So you have the option right now that you can either: Acquire some Bitcoin while it is apparently still cheap (relative to where it may be in a few years)
Or you can: Chose not to acquire some bitcoin because you think it is overpriced, and in a few years, complain again that bitcoin is overpriced, when it is worth significantly more than it is today.
Late adopters punish themselves by ignoring economic reality, either intentionally (because they are driven by ideology), or accidentally (because they don't take the time out to learn). Once you grasp it, there is only one direction which bitcoin can go over the long term.
A currency is just a measurement device, it's not a replacement for resources, I don't know why people forget that so often.
This means a new one popping up every month... Which in turn means that they are useless as currency.
Money isn't effectively and fairly distributed and it's obviously not a pipe dream.
it didn't pop-up from nothing
crypto currencies need to be acquired using either real currencies or through some form of mining, that requires real currencies to acquire the resources needed to bootstrap it
the crypto space is already a place where rich got richer, less rich got sometimes more rich, most of the times nothing changed for them, really poor individuals from really poor countries couldn't even get started
The point of cryptocurrencies wasn't to make people rich. Anyone can buy in at market value and start using coins for their stored value. That is the point. Your anger in the fact that crypto didn't magically create money where there was none before is misplaced.
Really poor individuals from poor, economically wrecked countries had quite a lot to gain from the accessibility of cryptocurrency. Look at Venezela's attitude towards Bitcoin.
On owning them.
> Anyone can buy in at market value and start using coins for their stored value
Not everybody can, that's the point.
Almost nobody can, expanding the first point.
It's not really a democratic and open process.
It involves a lot of prerequisites that are usually not met by the general population.
> Look at Venezela's attitude towards Bitcoin.
You mean Maduro's?
AFAIK Maduro made bitcoin mining illegal in Venezuela and arrested more than a few miners.
Or do you mean the Petro Coin (a total scam currency) that Maduro tried to force down Venezuelan's throats?
Now expand on this point. What about crypto is preventing people from owning some that isn't also preventing them from owning regular money?
> You mean Maduro's?
It's pedantic to differentiate between a State and its actors when discussing policy like this. I mean Venezuela.
I'm talking the Petro Coin, the raids, everything. The whole policy was a response to fears of increased economic freedom for Venezuela's poorest citizens at a time when the government was trying to offload the pain of its bad economic decisions onto them.
No, it was a scam.
Credit Suisse found that 97% of bitcoin is held by 4% of addresses (though some may belong to exchanges): http://www.businessinsider.com/bitcoin-97-are-held-by-4-of-a...
Still doesn't seem like a pipe dream.
Money is heavily regulated.
Crypto are not.
The internet is a technical embodiment of the First Amendment (freedom of speech, freedom of press, freedom of religion, right of peaceable assembly, right to complain about the government).
Bitcoin is a technical embodiment of some of the Fifth Amendment (due process -- protection against deprivation of property, and even life/liberty if you accept the unremarkable proposition that it's hard to live freely if you can't buy anything).
Having these technical protections in place are important regardless of their impact on or benefit to any one person.
How is it in any way different than having money in your bank account? If the government wants to, they can decide to take all your money from all your account, but they can also decide to throw you in jail until you hand over the keys to your Bitcoins. In the end there is no difference.
Meanwhile, the Technological Singularity people are working on the other half of the problem you describe.
And what's this Singularity nonsense of which you speak?
And if you want to have a discussion whether there are alternative ways to achieve specific valuable outcomes, count me out. This thread is about whether cryptocurrencies have any potential valuable outcomes besides the potential of lottery-style winnings for early adopters.
Ah, but this unwillingness to consider "why couldn't we do this without crypto", leading to rejection of study of centuries of useful economic and monetary theory development, is precisely what predicates the failure of cryptocurrencies to achieve potentially valuable outcomes.
That's precisely why I bring it up. If a thing is a) valuable/useful and b) possible without cryptocurrencies, why has it not been done before? The fact that it has not, suggests that either a) or b) is false.
There are a lot of questions and speculation here about this paper and Algorand. I would be happy to try an answer them to your satisfaction.
Some context may be helpful first, though. This paper is an innovation about one aspect of our technology. Algorand has a very fast consensus mechanism and can add blocks as quickly as the network can deliver them. We become a victim of our success. The blockchain will grow very rapidly. A terabyte a month is possible. The storage issue associated with our performance can quickly become an issue. The Vault paper is focused on solving this and other storage scaling problems.
The Algorand pure proof-of-stake blockchain and associated cryptocurrency has many novel innovations aside from Vault. It possesses security and scalability properties beyond what any other blockchain technology allows while still being completely decentralized. Our website, algorand.com, and whitepaper are great places to start to learn more.
If you learn best from videos then I suggest you watch Turing award winner and cryptographic pioneer, Silvio Micali, talk about Algorand: https://youtu.be/NykZ-ZSKkxM. He is a captivating speaker and the founder of Algorand.
Algorand's consensus per the YT video you linked is
step 1. 1 user is randomly chosen to propagate a new block (can user make up a fake block? let's assume not)
step 2. 1000 users randomly selected vote on that block and if they agree, it's DONE.
(what if 1000 users are in the same country/company, etc. how do you prevent collusion on fake blocks)
This is hilarious. So the only thing you rely on for consensus is 1001 random 'users' input weighted by stake? What happens when your network is bombed with 1000tps and you need to contact 1001 staked users for every block? There are also vulnerabilities such as the recent "fake stake" bug that affect pure POS coins which I won't go into.
Now about the article referencing Vault. I believe NANO came up with this bootstrapping feature:
> Each user account only ever stores the balances of the accounts in its assigned shard
Yes they are replicating NANO's block lattice structure using "shards" with an insecure way of trusting any future chain that includes your old tx's but gives no guarantee on the state of any other account. As I understand it, I can be fed a fake chain while bootstrapping and accept phony funds as long as my balance shows up, right? ...Assuming this feature worked without any security holes, what's to stop other coins from implementing it? You don't need an entire cryptocurrency for it, it's just a feature and if it worked everyone would be using it. The sharding problem has not yet been solved and there are coins like Ethereum that are trying really hard to make it happen.
It's really sad to see this low-quality content come out of MIT. This looks like someone trying desperately to get a piece of the Crypto pie using MIT's reputation as a get rich quick scheme. Just for kicks I looked through reddit/r/cc and found only 5 dead posts mentioning Algorand with no comments on any of them. Their website makes all these claims about "pioneering a sortition algorithm" that looks "totally legit" if you ask me.
> Vault reduced the bandwidth for joining its network by 99 percent compared to Bitcoin and 90 percent compared to Ethereum, which is considered one of today’s most efficient cryptocurrencies
1) Since when are these considered efficient? I don't think anybody in the know would say this. They're the most popular, but no means the most efficient.
Bitcoin is 250GB, so 90% of that is still 25GB to join the network, which is still ahhh enormous amount. And what's the baseline for comparison here? Were all of bitcoin's transactions replayed on an Algorand test network for this comparison? Or is this a metric from some test usage? If the latter then that's a huge issue since it grows in size.
2) On top of that you're saying it could accrue a terabyte a month in data. What type of usage is this under? Is that on current bitcoin transaction levels? 2017 transaction levels? A steady state tx/s? Is a backup of this data needed or is it throwaway and summarized in the latest blocks? If it's still needed then that's a decentralization issue because not many people will be maintaining full nodes.
3) What type of specs are affected by these changes? Can you still perform atomic swaps? That's a pretty standard requirement nowadays and would hinder the Blocknet and exchange interiperability.
Ethereum is scared or that so they are implementing some hybrid form.
Bitcoin is doomed from my perspective, because of the focus on proof of work and the confirmation times. When you realize that algorand is super fast, there is no "confirmation time", and there is no waste in energy to mine, then it is hard to back up any cryptocurrency focusing on proof of work.
> Algorand has a very fast consensus mechanism and can add blocks as quickly as the network can deliver them. We become a victim of our success. The blockchain will grow very rapidly. A terabyte a month is possible. The storage issue associated with our performance can quickly become an issue. The Vault paper is focused on solving this and other storage scaling problems.
What prevents a person from using a chain like IPFS?
Ethereum Casper PoS has been under review for quite some time.
Why isn't all Bitcoin on Lightning Network?
Bitcoin could make bootstrapping faster by choosing a considered-good blockhash and balances, but
AFAIU, re-verifying transactions like Bitcoin and derivatives do prevents hash collision attacks that are currently considered infeasible for SHA-256 (especially given a low block size).
There was an analysis somewhere where they calculated the cloud server instance costs of mounting a ~51% attack (which applies to PoW chains) for various blockchains.
Bitcoin is not profitable to mine in places without heavily subsidized dirty/clean energy anymore: energy and Bitcoin commodity costs and prices have intersected. They'll need any of: inexpensive clean energy, more efficient chips, higher speculative value.
Energy arbitrage (grid-scale energy storage) may be more profitable now. We need energy storage in order to reach 100% renewable energy (regardless of floundering policy support).
Bitcoin is software and can easily implement these features but the community is divided and can't reach consensus on anything. Lightning Network as layer two solution is pretty good from what I know.
Ethereum improvements are coming along very slowly and that's good. They're the only blockchain with active engagement by thousands of multiple parties.
Aragaon and Vault's papers might sound good, but who knows how they'll turn out in production.
Ripple only runs ~7% of validator nodes; which is far less centralized control than major Bitcoin mining pools and businesses (who do the deciding in regards to the many Bitcoin hard forks); that's one form of decentralization.
Ripple clients can use their own UNL or use the Ripple-approved UNL.
Ripple is traded on a number of exchanges (though fewer than Bitcoin for certain); that's another form of decentralization.
As an open standard, ILP will further reduce vendor lock in (and increase interoperability between) networks that choose to implement it.
There are forks of Ripple (e.g. Stellar) just like there are forks of Bitcoin and Ethereum.
> In contrast, the XRP Ledger requires 80 percent of validators on the entire network, over a two-week period, to continuously support a change before it is applied. Of the approximately 150 validators today, Ripple runs only 10. Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum — where one miner could have 51 percent of the hashing power — each Ripple validator only has one vote in support of an exchange or ordering a transaction.
How does your definition of 'decentralized' differ?
- it is very hard to audit the chain for bugs. If someone finds a bug to create coins through thin air you probably won't notice it.
- regulations by states is made hard. If you are required to pay taxes, and you live in a society, then these things do matter.
If you want cryptocurrencies to work, we need cryptocoins that are not encrypting transactions.
Another way to think about it: if Bitcoin somehow worked without mining, that's no reason for demand or usage of Bitcoin to go down. The value of bitcoins comes from network effects and scarcity.
But the amount of energy being used to mine bitcoin is a real problem - it's not just a technical challenge (like the problems above). This is something that literally affects every human being.
Of the 203 comments (at the time I am posting this), there are only two uses of the word "environment". One of these is about the "regulatory environment".
Let's say Bitcoin, Ethereum, or another coin achieves an economic value & level of efficiency that makes mining an accessible investment for low-income people. Instead of server farms in Iceland, mining would be done by millions of people around the world. Some of the energy used for this would be renewable - but plenty of this is going to be coming from coal. In that sense, the coin would create an economic incentive to pollute (there are plenty of these already), and there's no way to regulate that kind of decentralized network. (That's the whole point)
My favorite summary of crypto is something along the lines of: leaving your car running while it solves sudoku puzzles in exchange for drugs. The drugs part isn't as relevant anymore, but the rest is.
I'm not here with an answer. There are many problems that I think crypto can solve and I'm glad it is something on the horizon.
But we need to talk about the environment.
Bitcoin is one way to use energy. There are hundreds of thousands of other ways.
When you say Bitcoin "hurts the environment", what, concretely do you mean? Presumably, you mean it in a stronger sense than "using energy to produce food hurts the environment" or "using energy to run an ER hurts the environment".
That is, you think that relative to the benefit provided, the use of (harmful) energy to run bitcoin miners doesn't justify its environmental cost.
Which is great, but I could say the same thing of Ferraris for show-off producers in LA, or Hello Kitty backpacks.
What justifies focusing our attention on Bitcoin per se, and not those? Do you plan to publish a universal, agreed-upon list of things whose social value doesn't justify its environmental cost?
The real problem is energy users not bearing the full environmental costs of what they do.
The thing is, we have a well known solution to that: cap the total carbon emissions, or tax them in a way that reflects the harm.
Yes, Bitcoin creates an incentive to use energy. And it will be spent by miners who weigh the costs of the energy against the value of the Bitcoins produced. Like every other good on the market, it will respond to incentives created by laws.
If the damage of energy isn't priced in, then there will be too many resources spent on mining relative to the environmental cost. But this is true of every other good as well.
All Bitcoin does is amplify the problems of the existing failure to appropriately price energy. But this is true of literally every other energy-using good in existence!
There is no reason to single out Bitcoin. To blame it for environmental problems is special pleading or privileging a hypothesis.
"I don't want wiggins at my university. They cheat!"
'Well, a certain percentage of any demographic is going to ch--'
"Irrelevant! We're talking about wiggins!"
EDIT: Should probably add the disclaimer that I'm long Bitcoin.
You cannot look at bitcoin by any measure and say that it's a practical success for any of its goals. And given the amount of energy it uses to perpetuate its own failure, it's nearly sinful to keep it going.
That said, I do support some form of decentralized currency. Not because people are ever going to be smart enough to be their own bank or because I think some currency will magically topple governments and financial structures, but mainly so people can transact without overly-censorious middle-men who take a cut while adding nearly no value.
We have the internet, now. Payment networks should have died years ago. I'm glad this problem is being worked on. However, it's possible to solve without using a country's-worth of energy to support a pathetic ~10 transactions per second.
I can memorize 20 words and cross whatever border I want with $100 million in my brain, and full confidence that that money is mine. That's pretty damn cool.
> I do support some form of decentralized currency. Not because people are ever going to be smart enough to be their own bank or because I think some currency will magically topple governments and financial structures, but mainly so people can transact without overly-censorious middle-men who take a cut while adding nearly no value.
It sounds like you're projecting what you think Bitcoin should be.
> We have the internet, now. Payment networks should have died years ago. I'm glad this problem is being worked on. However, it's possible to solve without using a country's-worth of energy to support a pathetic ~10 transactions per second.
10 transactions per second on the L1 network (averaging $10k-20k each), and many thousands possible today on L2. Plus a way to securely store the transacted value.
To argue that a small country's worth of energy being used to secure Bitcoin is a poor use of resources, you really have to consider how much energy the worldwide banking system consumes in all its complexity to do the same thing. I don't know how to do that calculation, but my point is there's more to it than you're seeing.
You have to also consider which energy is being used. Dirty energy is certainly part of it. But a lot of the energy used is through geographic renewables arbitrage. For example, there are hydro power facilities in China that were built and never fully utilized or connected to the main grid. You can set up miners nearby those facilities to use the surplus energy, and as long as you are connected to the internet, you're good to go.
It's also a potentially great incentive for governments to start NEW renewables facilities, because they have a way to use the surplus power until their populations grow to use the full capacity of those plants.
Technically the brain is just another layer of encryption to the data. And that level of encryption can often be solved by the purchase of a $5 wrench.
No, you can have 30K BTC in your brain, but unfortunately the USD value fluctuates so wildly that as a store of value, it's useless.
> It sounds like you're projecting what you think Bitcoin should be.
Probably, yes. Bitcoin is a failed project. It spawned many others, some of which may be successful. I am interested to see how they do.
> To argue that a small country's worth of energy being used to secure Bitcoin is a poor use of resources, you really have to consider how much energy the worldwide banking system consumes in all its complexity to do the same thing. I don't know how to do that calculation, but my point is there's more to it than you're seeing.
That's assuming that banking is JUST storing and sending value. Banking does a whole lot more. I understand the drive behind taking that power away from banks, but it's just not going to happen until one can fluidly exchange USD for some for of highly-stable distributed currency. And once that happens, banks are still going to exist and handle most of the transactions! Please, take a stroll in r/cryptocurrency or r/bitcoin and see how many people are whining about how their private key got lost or stolen or etc etc. Banks exist because they not only store value, but protect it in numerous ways. They will continue to exist past whatever cryptocurrency-revolution people envision.
> You have to also consider which energy is being used. Dirty energy is certainly part of it. But a lot of the energy used is through geographic renewables arbitrage. For example, there are hydro power facilities in China that were built and never fully utilized or connected to the main grid. You can set up miners nearby those facilities to use the surplus energy, and as long as you are connected to the internet, you're good to go.
Great? So a fraction of the energy would have been wasted anyway. Fine, use that for bitcoin mining. For everything else, it's pouring carbons into the atmosphere so idiots who don't know how investing works can leverage 100x on margin while the exchange they're betting on is manipulating the price to call their bets and wipe them out.
> It's also a potentially great incentive for governments to start NEW renewables facilities, because they have a way to use the surplus power until their populations grow to use the full capacity of those plants.
Really? "Let's buy a bunch of toxic waste and dump it into the river because the government will be incentivized to not output toxic waste" isn't the best argument for why bitcoin is useful.
Yes, for those amounts. But for several purposes, unfortunately most of them 'evil' (money laundering / terrorism), this works fine. I know it's used a lot for people in countries where getting currency out above a certain threshold is very hard unless you are at the highest level of corruption with great success. They are not so bothered with losing a few 1000$ by fluctuation as their goal is getting it out and converted to something else (safer) (USD/EUR) asap.
Tomorrow, who knows. if North Korea or Russia or China turn half of the US into a nuclear wasteland, the banks are unlikely to function very well for those who remain. There are hundreds of such scenarios that could play out in the next 50 years -- Bitcoin is a great disaster hedge, if nothing else. Everyone should have 1% of their portfolio be crypto, IMO.
The criticisms of its fluctuation are valid, but like you said, there are plenty of people today for whom the fluctuations are tolerable for their use case. As the fluctuations get less, it will become tolerable for even more.
It's an Ethereum-based scheme that's tied in value to the U.S. dollar. That sounds good. The methods to achieve that look... complex... to say the least. If they work, then there's at least one of them that's stable so long as there's no serious problems in it and/or Ethereum. Well, that sounds promising. ;)
It's a bunch of math that uses market mechanisms to try to solve the problem of stability when the only real answer for the question "how do I stabilize a cryptocurrency" is "for each unit you issue, you have a bank account with $1 matching USD in it."
Maker essentially banks on the fact that a bundle of cryptos (ETH and a few others) will not drop past a certain amount in relation to USD over a given amount of time. They've been correct, so far, but that doesn't mean there won't come a time when the markets drop past whatever magical threshold they've set.
I'm not putting down the project, I followed it closely for a while and a lot of work went into it. My point is you can't really have a stablecoin unless you have the USD to back it up.
An interesting plot twist will be if Maker derives from other stablecoins (ones backed by USD reserves, like GUSD) and not ETH.
Circulating supply fluctuations don't seem to have much of an influence on crypto prices (as seen with quarterly Binance Coin burns for instance)
That is a big "if". Stability is a principle which has been tried time and again in fiat money and failed. Too many times to count. See GBP peg etc. for examples.
If something is unstable, it is because the market deems it to be. Adding an artificial support goes against that same market.
Cryptocurrency circles like to talk about government control being a bad thing. But in the same vein cheer stablcoins which exert near similar control - by algos or by adding coin supply. They want to have their cake and eat it too.
From an outside perspective, I don't think it's worth continuing the discussion as is. Perhaps you should both come back in a few hours when everyone is a bit calmer.
No, this is an important distinction. Bitcoin isn't liquid enough to count as actual money and proponents of the idea that sending bitcoin is the same as sending money are glossing over the cost to buy bitcoin, and the cost of transferring it back to actual money on the other side.
Having access to 30K BTC doesn't do you much good if nobody is willing to trade you goods or real money for it on the other side.
Seeing how Americans Elected Trump, I can't imagine the USD being better than BTC over 10 years.
Objectively? No, I'm pretty sure that isn't "a complete fucking waste" to the people who are benefitting from it. Which is literally the definition of "subjective."
Removing externalities of electricity pricing solves this. That's the point. If a kilowatt of electricity usage costs enough to offset its environmental impact, then who cares if a tiny minority of people are doing some wacky confusing things with their computers?
The day that markets actually price externalities into the costs of goods and services, whether by benevolent owners or force of regulation, I'll gladly declare Bitcoin useful.
This sounds very much like you've decided that you don't like Bitcoin (and that's fine, with good reasons) but you have rationalized it with an argument that is almost certainly inconsistent with the rest of your worldview. Bitcoin isn't any more bullshit than countless other systems/goods, the argument based on environmental externalities is a very weird reason to draw such an absolutist line given all the other (arguably) bullshit systems that incur the same costs.
Either we have a fully managed economy (which I'm pretty sure the historical consensus is clear on) or it has to be guided by attaching costs to externalities.
All this is doing is just picking on Bitcoin because people don't like it. There is no principled economic or environmental argument here, just a biased rationalization applied inconsistently.
It doesn’t make sense to make the environmental argument for things that you consider wasteful, but not for other things that other people may consider wasteful.
Yes, I agree that my argument would be completely irrelevant if only something that will never happen happens.
Until then, I'd rather see some form of distributed currency that doesn't rely on pissing finite resources away to function.
I get where you're coming from, but our planet is at a critical point right now objectively. Pouring pollutants into the atmosphere so people can play with FunBux is an incredibly stupid use of resources. Yes, markets should price in externalities. That would solve SO MUCH MORE than just bitcoin's energy usage. But unfortunately that concept is at odds with market capitalism, and as such, I believe my critique of bitcoin stands. Markets are not rational, prices are not accurate, bitcoin is a polluting waste of energy.
Say you don’t care much about professional sports. Of course you would think that any innovation that reduces the energy requirements of professional would be great (more efficient arena lights, climate control, etc.). But I think it would be inappropriate to single out sports as a waste of energy, because it is only a “waste” because you don’t happen to receive and of the benefits.
That’s why we have environmental regulation, as imperfect as it is.
This implicitly means a society does make choices about how energy is used. Therefore, a discussion about societal priorities amongst individuals is essential.
Likewise with regulation related to finance and money.
Energy and money. Among the most highly regulated things in all societies.
I agree with the poster that POW cryptocoin systems are a shocking waste of electricity.
In addition, the only use cases that have proved viable are illegal or highly destructive to the social fabric.
When you look at the sheer amount of money transferred from losers to winners, it’s clear that this is not a benefit to anyone. The scams, the hacks, the thefts. Bitcoin and it’s ilk are parasitic systems that weaken the host.
To compare to Ferraris, well Ferraris are a niche product, are already regulated, and have a historical component that accounts for their hedonic properties.
To compare bitcoin to hello kitty backpacks is just a category error, which belies that the argument is disengenuous.
As for the stuff about cryptocurrencies being associated with scams and wealth inequality, to me that’s entirely independent of environmental impact and should be dealt with (and probably can be dealt with using existing laws) regardless of the environmental impact.
I guess the issue I have is such a tiny minority of people are using such an excess of energy to do something that adds very little value to society. Even if the value of bitcoin is subjective, there's still a tiny minority of people consuming vast amounts of energy to derive what value it does bring them.
It just feel disproportionately harmful at a time when our top scientists are blue in the face from telling us to reduce carbon emissions.
I understand that it's not my place to judge what people derive value from. I also would argue that energy should be neutral (similar to my views on internet access). I guess my biggest gripe is probably something you and me share in common: the understanding that market mechanisms allowed this waste to happen in the first place. So you're definitely not wrong, and your argument about externalities is well-taken.
The same could be said for people changing their behavior because you complain about it on a message board that the people in question don't even read. Nobody's going to stop using Bitcoin because you don't like it, so why bother?
That said, I think the cryptocurrency world is moving in that direction anyway. Most of the more exciting new cryptocurrencies use non-PoW consensus mechanisms, eg. IOTA = tangle, Ethereum Casper = PoS, EOS = DPoS, Stellar = SCP. And there's a strong economic incentive for that: when you reduce the cost of computation, you can use those computations for more applications, which drives adoption, which increases the value of peoples' cryptocurrencies. The challenge is that the fundamental benefit cryptocurrencies offer is computational trust, so until people are confident that these other consensus mechanisms are at least as immune to attack as PoW is, they're unlikely to switch away from Bitcoin.
Perhaps someone who did actually read what I wrote will realize that there are many, many things that do what Bitcoin does without the power usage of Bitcoin and perhaps seeks those as an alternative (like, PoS coins). And originally, the argument was "this is an environmental crisis," someone said "no it's not because of ferraris and backpacks," and I countered and said, yes, it's an issue. Why does anyone argue on an internet forum? I guess in the hopes of changing minds. I hope you would not find debate a waste of energy, at least not in a democratic form of governance.
> until people are confident that these other consensus mechanisms are at least as immune to attack as PoW is, they're unlikely to switch away from Bitcoin.
Yeah, that's the real meat of the argument, I suppose. We know PoW is at least difficult to attack. I am very happy that other consensus mechanisms are being explored though. I'm also not convinced existing non-PoW consensus mechanisms won't be as secure trust-wise as PoW.
I guess the overall point of this is that, yes, there's nothing I can do about people doing horribly wasteful things. But let's not pretend that bitcoin isn't horribly wasteful. Let's call a giraffe a giraffe. And maybe it's ok to be a giraffe if you're aware of the trade-offs, but it's certainly not a gazelle just because you're uncomfortable with the properties of giraffes.
You just proved their point. The beneficiaries of Bitcoin – like you – have a subjective viewpoint. You are few, and, objectively the cost to the stakeholders (inhabitants of Earth) is disproportionate to the benefit to the shareholders (the relatively few people who hold Bitcoin and actually profit from it). Objectively, it's largely a method to siphon real wealth from many to few, bearing a striking resemblance to Tulip Mania. That doesn't mean that all crypto and blockchain tech is somehow inherently evil, it's just not doing a lot of public good in this particular incarnation. One can argue it does the opposite by facilitating criminal enterprise.
Your point about externalities is correct but moot, as no one is successfully passing on the full cost of electricity production to the consumer.
That's a different claim, and I agree with it. In fact, the entire point of my comments in this thread is that I want environmental regulations that internalize all the costs of energy usage.
nearly no value = many more transactions per second for much less energy cost.
It's only an artificial limit of Core fork of Bitcoin.
Increasing it to 10 000 transactions per second doesn't use more energy for mining. https://www.reddit.com/r/btc/comments/7nn5wa/bitcoin_cash_is...
Oh wait, you're bringing sin into the argument. My bad, I thought we were being rational.
And just a side-note, it irks me when people say that bitcoin uses as much energy as the country of Iceland like that's some kind of horror. Iceland is pretty damn small, with a population smaller than the mid-sized city I live in.
If the purpose is to limit environmental impact, why are we choosing by subjective value instead of actual impact?
You're just describing capitalism there ;)
That said, I don't think a complex economy can really operate very well without some form of market (at least not until we're at 80%+ automation). And with markets come waste.
I guess I'm not saying anything should be done about bitcoin, but rather that I personally believe it's a complete waste of energy when there are already many better alternatives.
does this number include off-chain transactions?
This is begging the question.
Great! I look forward to seeing your solution in action.
I said it's possible. I didn't say it was easy. That said, PoW on a small scale is an interesting experiment. On a large scale, it's a horrible way of allocating energy usage. So while the databases running on PoW are working, they are a stupid waste of energy.
I welcome any alternative.
I think it's more accurate to talk about the amount of value the Bitcoin network is storing than the transactions per second.
Bitcoin currently has a market cap of $68B. I'm not aware of any other distributed system that's worth that much money. It's definitely interesting that a fully distributed system has been able to achieve that valuation without any centralization or governing authority (debates over developer and miner power aside).
Market cap is a farcical number to look at for a thinly-traded asset on unregulated markets. If I make my own new cryptocurrency, print 100 million tokens, and then talk my friend into buying one for $10, does that mean my token has $1 billion market cap?
No it isn't. The market cap of bitcoin, which is a bullshit number anyway as already explained, is dwarfed by other forms of distributed wealth storage such as (but certainly not limited to) old fashioned pieces of gold. Gold is distributed. If you revise your assertion to be distributed and digital then perhaps you're correct. But the more qualifications you tack on, the less impressive your claims to fame become.
Don't bother mistaking me for some sort of gold bug either. Real Estate is another form of distributed wealth storage that blows bitcoin's pathetic market cap out of the water.
Hi can you let me how I can immigrate out of my country with $10e6 without thieves at the airport taking my wealth? If we can figure this out, man bitcoin is totally KIA. Also can you let me how how I can costlessly assay gold when I accept it as payment? or make the supply of gold only dependent only on time and not how it currently is (price and time)? Whenever the price of gold goes up, they mine more of it :C this makes its Store of Value property worse than bitcoin. Looking forward to your reply and our future endeavor together. /s
Even if you could somehow do this, you would be incredibly vulnerable to extortion, and I doubt you would actually really want to do this even if you had the capability. There are people that have significant wealth that exists outside of "official" legal capacities (drug lords, dictators of small nations, etc.). They have to spend incredible effort on maintaining security of their assets. Pretty much the only thing that works is giving an army of people a better deal than they can get from someone else to steal your wealth from you.
You already can: bitcoin.
>I doubt you would actually really want to do this even if you had the capability
If I'm a Jew in 1930s Germany or a grocery store owner in Venezuela and I see the writing on the wall that my government is constantly deriding me, saying I'm the scourge of and leach on society, I'm going to immigrate out of the country. They've banned all institutions from services me, I benefit from having access to a means to store wealth that's independent from a government. To disagree is to be excessively myopic and optimistic.
I didn't disagree with any of that. My position is that if you are actually in that situation, bitcoin doesn't help that much, and no technology can. If you attempt to actually execute this plan, the risk is extremely high that you will be detected, and a corrupt government doesn't have any shortage of ways to force you to comply with whatever they come up with.
Are there any examples of a Venezuelan moving a significant amount of wealth out of the country via bitcoin?
But judging by the trade volume in Venezuela, they're clearly using it for something.
I guess you mean "how can I violate capital control laws"?
You're supposing that the vast majority of people using bitcoin are using it to exfiltrate money out of countries. That niche application is very far from the reality of what most bitcoin advocates are doing.
But yes, digital exfiltration may be easier than physical smuggling. That's supposing a lot about what forms of control are implemented in that country at at it's borders.
It's a single example of the value of decentralized property rights. Say I'm an alcohol maker in Sharia-law country, I want to be able to make wine but prevent the state from expropriating my wealth because they ban alcohol. Say I live in a country which mandates that all business ventures with returns less than 2% a year will have their profits stolen (read: inflation) I can use bitcoin to escape that oppression.
The moment Bitcoin becomes a viable way to subvert the state, they'll just change the laws. And if people actually start using it to smuggle money internationally the feds will get involved. The entire idea that Bitcoin can subvert the state is absurd.
And if you don't believe me, look at the evidence. ICOs got regulated. Silk roads got shut down.
And furthermore, while it's convenient to use oppressive regimes as examples for this Bitcoin "feature", it's way, way more likely the 1% (you know, the people who actually have money) will use it to hide their wealth from wealth redistribution policies demanded by liberal democracies.
Does that sentence make much sense? Government decrees don't eradicate goods, they create make black markets.
>if people actually start using it to smuggle money
If? People already use bitcoin to evade capital controls in China, Venezuela etc
>the 1% will use it to hide their wealth from wealth redistribution policies demanded by liberal democracies.
You're confusing equity (something you own) and equality (rights that you have). Bitcoin promotes equality (each client has the same rights). Arbitrarily making certain people unequal (different people have different rights, some have their wealth stolen, some don't) always leads to more inequity. Voting about who to steal from doesn't legitimize theft. If people who generated wealth through voluntary exchange want to protect their property rights from theft, I won't deny them that. Agents who use the state to expropriate wealth through artificial privilege (the real enemy here) want to perpetuate the existing system, not encourage a neutral rights network such as bitcoin.
> Does that sentence make much sense? Government decrees don't eradicate goods, they create make black markets.
Your argument is that Bitcoin will let you subvert existing state monetary policy and other regulations. My argument is that once that happens on a significant scale, states will change their policies and enforce them more or less with state violence.
A good example is anonymous payments via a tumbler. As soon as these payments start seriously foiling law enforcement, states will outlaw tumbler services. If that doesn't solve the problem, and the problem is severe enough, they'll outlaw Bitcoin. The way they would do that is to outlaw exchanges and pursue them over Tor the same way the pursue dark web markets, by enlisting banks, employing cyberwarfare and other espionage, and ultimately with on the ground law enforcement.
It's very, very hard (maybe impossible) to solve a political problem with technology, unless that technology is weapons. It's immoral in a democracy because it by definition subverts the will of the people.
>> if people actually start using it to smuggle money
> If? People already use bitcoin to evade capital controls in China, Venezuela etc
I mean "on a significant level minus state actors".
> equity vs. equality.
I think if you're a "taxes are theft" person then we have deeper disagreements, because I'm a "property is theft" person. But those antipodes aside, Bitcoin no more promotes equality than regular currency does, in fact there are lots of services that only let you do certain things with certain account balance amounts.
Furthermore, I have no idea what you mean about a "neutral rights network". Do I get to vote on things because I hold Bitcoin? Did I miss the votes on various forks? Does my vote count equal to one of the Winklevoss'?
I think the exact opposite is true. Not only is there no voting, but holders of lots of Bitcoin (which you can only accrue with actual currency or mining, which you need to spend actual currency to get the equipment for) have far more power over the Bitcoin network than I do. I have no idea what "rights" you think I get through Bitcoin, but I'm pretty sure the answer is "none".
Also, come on, I'm fine with "crypto" meaning "cryptocurrency" now, but it absolutely doesn't mean that "cryptography" means "cryptocurrency" now. This is a hill I am willing to die on.
There's also an issue of debt differences. One of the big 'benefits' of inflation is that it makes old debts worth less. This is a major incentive for pursuing investments on debt. Not only can you see investments on money beyond what you presently have, but the debt that you took on becomes worth less - meaning it takes a smaller share of your profits each year assuming the principle is not growing. For instance during the government auto bailouts Ford took on a loan for billions of dollars of debt from the government. The interest rate on that loan is sub-inflation. Unsurprisingly, they aren't paying it back since each year it becomes worth less, and given enough time, it will become worthless.
By contrast when a lower income individual takes on debt, it's often 'consumed' such as in the case of education. And the debt becoming worth less over time is not true if an individual's income is not keeping pace with inflation. And another big issue is that lower income individuals are also often going to be seeing rather high interest rates on their loans further diminishing any theoretic benefit of inflation.
This is not to say inflation is bad. You can create a comparably negative argument against deflation. I don't really have much of an opinion one way or the other. We've seen how depressive systems can end. And while our current inflation and debt driven system has not yet collapsed, it's not looking as stable as it once did to put it very mildly. I think in 20 or so years (and especially once the petro dollar is 100% dead) we'll have a much better idea of the pros and cons of each system.
Given that some forms of cryptocurrency can be stored using only a memorized passphrase and nothing else, (ie. a brain wallet), it's pretty much guaranteed that getting cryptocurrency put of the country would be easier.
Most cryptoanarchists are deluded nerds who would fold in less than 5 minutes of waterboarding. Do you think these thugs who are willing to look up your ass for a few pieces of gold aren't willing to violate you in other ways? Of course you don't believe that, you've merely failed to seriously consider that possibility.
The only reason smuggling BTC sometimes works right now is because they're not looking for it.
Then you were refuting a position I never espoused. My point wasn't that gold is easier to exfiltrate, but rather that BTC isn't necessarily easier to get out. If the border agents of the tyrannical government you're fleeing know you to have wealth, and are informed about bitcoin, they have many options available to them to prevent you from leaving with your wealth, including simply forbidding you from leaving at all. At that point, you'll have to smuggle your body out, so smuggling a few pieces of gold along with your body isn't a huge inconvenience.
If on the other hand the border agents don't know that you're trying to smuggle wealth out of the country, then it shouldn't be to hard to get through the border no matter what method you choose.
The one scenario in which BTC seems clearly superior is when the border guards are simultaneously alert but ignorant. Looking very carefully for money, but totally oblivious to the possibility of BTC. This might work during the present, but don't count on this remaining true forever. If enough people start using BTC for this, tyrannical governments will wisen up pretty quick.
1. The government doesn't know you have any money, but you are targeted in a random search.
2. The government does know you have money but doesn't know how much. Simply give them X out of Y cryptocurrency keys. They won't know you have any more.
I don't know how much exposure you have to tyrannical regimes, but they aren't as efficient as you seem to think, in that they don't really have much grasp on how much money people own, nor are able to find out instantly.
They also do care about how they are perceived and aren't going to grab some tourist and with no proof whatsoever, torture him to death because he might possibly have some cryptocurrency.
Gold is fantastic. Apart from its physical properties, we all agreed to assign value to it and it's been working for thousands of years.
But wouldn't it be great to have gold in a digital form? Something easily divisible and transferable, yet as gold is, not dependent for its value on some 3rd party? Something that is truly yours not just IOU. Which can keep value.
Forget about Bitcoin, how would you envision something like this?
Apart from technological problems, we have a problem of initial trust and distribution. Please stop here and think for a moment, this is a hard and interesting problem. I'm not saying you can solve it with a few minutes of thinking but just after a few moments some things clarify.
Now imagine we do have it. We did it. Because it would be a cool future where we do have this digital gold. Is it a safe storage of value? What if some better digital gold 2.0 comes along? If people would prefer to move their wealth to it then the 1.0 would become less desirable, so its value should drop. But if it does, then it's not a good storage of value after all.
You can devise a system in which 1.0 tokens can be exchanged to 2.0 but then you cannot change the initial distribution.
If all that thinking is not enough, it is interesting to ponder impact of an actual perfect storage of value system on society. Wealth can be leveraged to generate more of it.
Not that it's something completely new, we had a few close enough matches throughout the history. That's what most wars are about. Although it's easier to go get something if you know where it is.
Bitcoin just needs electricity.
Bitcoin has about 500k active bitcoin addresses , most of which contain less than $100 .
So what are we actually getting for all this energy usage, and couldn't we get that same result for a fraction of the energy usage?
My gut instinct is that the vast majority of all computing cycles used by humanity are completely wasted on irrelevant tasks and inefficiencies.
Rendering images is useful work.
Processing transactions is useful work.
With gaming computers, increasing energy costs means increasing detail and complexity in the images that can be processed.
Bitcoin is wasteful because the increasing energy costs does not increase the total number of transactions that can be processed.
Cryptocurrencies are not secured by the hashrate, but by the cost of exceeding the hashrate of the network.
Think of bitcoin mining as a raffle. You can buy as many raffle tickets as you want, and so can everybody else. Each raffle ticket costs $1, and so people buy tickets until the prizes start getting spread out too much. The next day, though, the raffle tickets are only 10 cents apiece. However, the prizes are still the same, so the break-even point is still the same when expressed in dollar value. As a result, the same amount of money is spent, just buying 10x as many raffle tickets.
In this analogy, each hash performed by the miners is buying a raffle ticket. The block reward is the prize at the end of the raffle. Going from CPU mining to GPU mining to ASIC mining each increase the efficiency of performing a hash, analogous to lowering the price of a raffle ticket. Just as lowering the price of each raffle ticket results in an increase in the number of ticket sales without changing the total value of ticket sales, so decreasing the cost of each hash results in an increased number of hashes performed, without changing the total amount of electricity spent to perform those hashes.
I agree it doesn't sound like the most efficient system and these incentives are somewhat perverse, but there weren't any systems like this before bitcoin. If cryptocurrencies do have valuable attributes that cannot be attained by conventional currencies and bitcoin introduced these concepts to the world in the first viable way and the popularity of these networks has lead to people researching more efficient analogues such as proof of stake and the techniques mentioned in the original article then can't we still say that the existence of bitcoin had a utilitarian benefit for the world? If the popularity of bitcoin goes down and these more efficient networks supplant it then the total energy-expenditure should be minuscule compared to the total energy usage of all humans over all time. Given the the rate at which these technologies seem to be maturing it will likely still be a lower expenditure than bootstrapping many other equally useless human endeavors.
Furthermore, the decentralized nature of bitcoin cannot last indefinitely, and arguably has already ended. All mining nodes need to have a record of all balances, in order to verify that incoming transactions are valid. This places a limit on the ability to contribute to trust by mining, and will result in further centralization of miners. If a cryptocurrency were to replace fiat currency, it would not be a change from centralized currency to decentralized. Rather, it would be a from a centralized currency controlled by an elected government to a centralized currency controlled by conglomerations of miners.
I have done my best to understand their use, their applications, and their limits. With that in mind, I believe cryptocurrencies to be a obfuscated form of pyramid scheme, with additional externalities of heavy power use.
Trustworthiness always depends on your use case.
If you are transacting small amounts of money (less than is spent on mining a block) then waiting for 3 confirmations is probably sufficient to consider the transaction settled. But what if you send a transaction with a 100 times higher value than goes into mining a block then you will need to wait for over 100 confirmations till you can be sure it doesn't make economical sense for anyone to try to double spend your transaction by orphaning the first block your transaction was in (with a very simplified incentive model not taking into account other transactions in these blocks).
Thus the money spent on mining blocks determines how much value can be transferred in one block. Allowing for higher value transactions is good thing imo, is necessary for its success as digital gold and therefore justifies the higher energy consumption (especially since there don't seem to be any alternatives with similarly good or better robustness against attacks yet, proof of stake can't work under the same assumptions bitcoin does ).
> Allowing for higher value transactions is good thing imo
PoW systems are the only ones where "higher value transactions" need security proportional to their size.
> PoW systems are the only ones where "higher value transactions" need security proportional to their size.
Every other currency is either backed by men with guns and transactions are reversible (fiat) or you have to spend a roughly proportional amount of resources securing it (e.g. gold). I didn't look at the data, but judging by US military spending I'd guess that the strongest economies also have to spend the most to keep their system safe.
You can still argue that the assumption of pseudonymous actors in bitcoin makes the proportion factor larger (=system less efficient) than for systems that can use identities and attribution and I'd agree with that. But that's only because it can operate with less assumptions (no identities), which I see as a feature.
So what? Men with guns are also the foundation of property rights, law and order, and national sovereignty; they are not an extra cost of fiat currency, they underpin the government's ability to maintain order and structure within society. I shouldn't have to explicitly point this out.
> transactions are reversible (fiat)
Cash payments are not reversible. Reversible payments are also a feature that nearly everyone wants.
> spend a roughly proportional amount of resources securing it (e.g. gold).
Gold is not a currency.
> that's only because it can operate with less assumptions (no identities), which I see as a feature
Untrue. A centralized anonymous payment system is technically possible, the limitations are strictly legal.
It was for millennia.
I can't imagine the processing being done by my computer right now is all strictly necessary to read and post these comments, and I'd wager this site is more efficient than most these days. Still I accept reality and pay these costs in order to talk with you on the internet because this is the world we live in. It looks like these nice people at MIT are working on some of the inefficiencies of cryptocurrencies, so let's rejoice.
Yes, that's exactly the point. Bitcoin is insanely inefficient because PoW is insanely inefficient. Unlike other "inefficiencies" where there is a logical relationship between "energy spent" and "useful work accomplished", with PoW there is no such relationship since the energy isn't spent doing useful work (i.e. processing transactions). Yes, more power into the network makes it "more secure" by making it "more expensive" to perform a 51% attack. The increased expense is distributed across the network in the form of increased difficulty. If a 51% attack was already implausible (which most bitcoin enthusiasts would say is true), then making it even more expensive doesn't actually do anything useful.
Trust-less consensus may be the same. Nature doesn't care either way.
Well it depends what you are considering. Arguably, yes, your computer finished the HTTPS connection long before you got around to reading the words on the page itself. But the scale of an idle CPU compared to a 100% CPU is not even close. Mine is sitting at 2% use while I type this.
You could put that money into mining actual gold, and literally make 4x as much as mining bitcoin .
Are you saying the number of transactions the market will demand of a system is independent of the trust of the system? If I need to move $250,000 in one hour with ~100% certainty are you saying an IOU from a bank janitor is equivalent in value to a bitcoin transaction? An increase in attack costs increases the types of transactions that can occur safely on L1. The number of L2 updates are unbounded by L1 transaction capacity, increase attack costs gives the market confidence L2 updates cannot be erased.
A high cost to signal which money you're willing to use filters out fraud attempts. Which should I trust more, Malory Money who double-pinky swears to run her Malory Money servers 5 years from now but is signaling with no costs or Bobby Bitcoiner who signals by billions of dollars in single-use capex (ASICS)
12.5 BTC/block * 3850 $/BTC * 6 Blocks/hour < tx.value()
No. I'm saying that if a 51% attack is practically impossible today, the increasing amount of energy consumed to secure the same amount of transactions is wasted. It's also a sign that the system is broken because the amount of energy consumed has no practical impact on security. Reasoning otherwise would suggest it is justified to consume infinite energy because that would be infinitely secure.
It appears you think a 51% attack is when an external agent attempts to out hash the network. This is only one type of 51% attack.
A 51% attack means there is a almost equal amount of hash rate being applied to two divergent, consensus equivalent chains. This can happen in above scenario or when existing miners attempt to reorg blocks (See ETC 51% attack) There is nothing stopping this behavior from occurring at any point in time. The only check on this behavior is the cost to rewrite history, decrease this cost, and you increase the profitability of such attacks.
And also unlike bitcoin, when you pay the salary of 450k+ soldiers, among other jobs and such created, that's likely a lot better for the economy than random people converting electricity into crypto tokens. What does bitcoin provide in terms of add-on benefits like jobs? The ability for power companies to maximize profits by having their supply used more fully?
Edit: Additionally, you can argue that the US army does not provide too much security, because it doesn't take someone more than a few seconds to look at the world and see the world is not 100% safe. There are numerous areas such that, if money was not a concern, could be made safer and more profitable by adding more security. Creating infinite trust in bitcoin would... do what exactly? Let nerds buy drugs on the internet?
Jobs are only useful if they waste people's time? Mining is a job. Mining can also become green much faster than constantly moving around millions of tons of vehicles can.
> Additionally, you can argue that the US army does not provide too much security, because it doesn't take someone more than a few seconds to look at the world and see the world is not 100% safe.
I would argue it decreases security, with all the wars and disruption it caused in the last decades.
The argument summary of your article is hand waving, claims that the sum usage of software designed to be increasingly energy wasteful (Satoshi's random nonce lottery as a means of increasing CAPEX and decreasing production output)
We mean that mining Bitcoin is extremely energy-intensive by design. This is to say that the energy consumed by Bitcoin's economic activity is deliberately and gratuitously significant, not incidentally so. Moreover, the energy consumed by Bitcoin mining scales commensurate with how many Bitcoins have been mined thus far.
So yes, that makes it categorically different from other energy-expensive activities like farming or hospital maintenance. We are actually economically incentivized to consume less energy over time in most energy-expensive activities. With most cryptocurrencies, energy consumption is a design imperative.
It's not special pleading if I'm equally annoyed by Ferraris and other environmentally disastrous forms of conspicuous consumption. I don't know enough about Hello Kitty backpacks to have a serious reason to be against them.
It's perfectly consistent for me or anyone else to leave a negative comment about Bitcoin on an online forum and then as much or far more to tackle a different issue that I/they consider pressing. And this, largely, is how it seems to be playing out: nobody has been arrested for using wasteful PoW schemes yet, because we have bigger fish to fry.
I feel the parent comment shares this common intuition that there must be some way to design and code any crytocurrency to offer the same features without having to consume so much energy in the process.
I'm no expert on cryptocoins but we surely can agree that any hope to see them mainstream won't rely on countless power plants to brute force computational puzzles.
Perhaps a more direct analogy is "literally miming gold hurts the environment (since I highly doubt renewable energy is significantly leveraged in the supply chain)".
> That is, you think that relative to the benefit provided, the use of (harmful) energy to run bitcoin miners doesn't justify its environmental cost.
It makes me wonder if you couldn't somehow tie a renewable energy certificate (1) to a mined coin. I suppose green coin (2) is a similar, albeit indirect concept (i.e. value is from a unit of carbon sequestration).
For myself, that is not what I mean when I use the phrase.
Bitcoin hurts the environment because Bitcoin, by design, wants to use as much power as available to secure it - and conversely is vulnerable to anyone who has significant power available, and so it had to design itself so that the rational thing to do is to commit that power to Bitcoin itself.
Bitcoin automatically adjusts its difficulty based on the computational speed of the network over the past few thousand blocks. There is a target mining speed of one block every ten minutes. If someone throws more computational power at Bitcoin, Bitcoin itself will adjust to the additional available power, so that nothing more gets done, it just uses up the power. This is not a claim that the benefit is too low relative to the additional energy; this is a claim that the benefit is zero, by design, relative to additional energy, and that this property is inherent to Bitcoin.
There is a reason to single out Bitcoin and blame it for environmental problems. No other product, concept, or idea in human history (besides Bitcoin clones) has been designed in a way where it expands gas-like to all the energy available to it (... except perhaps capitalism itself, and funny enough, people are claiming that capitalism too must be stopped to avert irrecoverable climate change).
I'm supportive of other forms of cryptocurrency without this property (weakly supportive, given that I haven't used any of them in detail, but they seem promising). There seems no particular reason to use Bitcoin if alternatives exist without the burn-all-the-available-energy property.
You're right that a core part of its design is making sure real computational resources are spent on it. That means the (total, social) cost network as such will scale with the size of the economy, not the number of transactions. So, in a sense, there's (something that looks) like an arms race going on, where more resources spent on it don't mean more transactions. Point taken.
But that doesn't mean there's zero net benefit. The benefit is a permissionless network that no one can control unless they produce more computation than the rest of the network. So, the benefit of each miner coming on is raising the attack threshold and increasing your confidence that it won't be attacked. At equilibrium, the cost will be some fraction of the economy, not all available growth or energy (like a gas). That amount of energy that this involves will decrease as energy is taxed.
That's pretty much the dynamic of gold mining under a gold standard: the larger the economy, the more money being spent mining (literal) money.
I agree that it's a high price to pay, but I don't think the benefits should count as zero. Being able to bypass financial choke points so you can donate to Wikileaks is definitely a positive.
Hypothetical scenario: a hardfork of Bitcoin is developed that maintains all of these wonderful properties — impossible for any one party to control, bypasses financial choke points, impossible to censor — but requires orders of magnitude less energy. It utilizes a variety of clever mechanisms to achieve the same goals without using Proof of Work calculations to secure the network. This sort of thing is what the exactly what the MIT team in the article is attempting to accomplish, it's not an intractable problem.
Would you support switching over to the new fork? I would. It does all the things I like about Bitcoin without this big carbon footprint. No downside.
But do you know who will never support the fork? Bitcoin miners. They've invested millions in custom hardware to let them process proofs of work as quickly as possible. They have a massive economic incentive to continue to use PoW. Forever. Even if there exists a better way.
Maybe in this world the price of BTC would go down as people moved to alternatives. I'd like to think people would be ashamed to use an unnecessarily inefficient currency. But when I hear Bitcoin advocates dismiss environmental concerns as irrelevant or shift the blame onto government tax policy, it doesn't make me terribly optimistic.
... You know, when you put it that way, there's another problem with this argument. "Bitcoin is good because governments shouldn't be interfering with my ability to give money to Julian Assange. They shouldn't even know that I'm paying him. And if it hurts the environment, well, that's the fault of governments not taxing energy usage appropriately. They should be paying close attention to what people spend money on and dissuading uses that have harmful effects for society, as determined in their sole opinion."
So I don't think there's a comparison in how the economy correlates. As long as gold is mineable in the earth, a growing economy mines more gold. But a growing economy demands more energy, which can go either to the economy or to Bitcoin. Bitcoin has no way of saying "I want this portion of the energy in the world, and no more," the way that mines are naturally filled with resources other than gold; all it can say is "I want all the energy possibly available."
(If you could store energy and use it as the basis of a Bitcoin-style network, such that your limited resource was energy itself and not loss-of-energy-per-unit-time, it would kill basically all of these arguments. There would be other arguments about the fairness of OilFuturesCoin, but it wouldn't be these, and it would basically be the arguments about any natural-resource standard.)
And yes, the benefit of Bitcoin is a permissionless network, but the entire question is whether this energy-monster property of Bitcoin is required to have a permissionless network. You could donate to Wikileaks just fine with, say, Stellar's consensus protocol, could you not?
Also life. Evolution, birth, and metabolism also result in all available energy going into increasing the complexity of the system. The real reason we have an environmental crisis is because there are 7.5B of us, but few people recommend destroying all life on earth to save the environment.
It's not about how many.
It's not about how many.
It's about how systematically detached we are from sustainable ways of life.
Humanity, to some extent, competes with capitalism for resources. But while resources are not at their limit, we can grow together, and capitalism seems to bring us benefits. Humanity also competes with Bitcoin, which is a much newer system that has become seriously competitive very quickly, and it's much less obvious that it's the best or even only way to solve the problems it sets out to solve.
The only reason to single out bitcoin is that it’s a highly visible waste.
But just because there’s multiple ways we waste a ton of energy, does not mean we shouldn’t fix any of them.
I think his argument is that it shouldn't matter whether it is a good expenditure of energy or not. Environmental costs should be priced in the energy costs. Then it wouldn't matter for the society and for the environment how much energy you use or waste.
And at least in broad strokes, it is possible to determine benefit to harm ratios. It is esntially uncontroversial to say "Coal Rollers" do more harm relative to good than candy manufacturing or face lifts.
And a cap/tax carbon emissions would be great. But that hasn't happened, effectively isn't going to anytime soon and is more complex than it seems. Consider that spikes in green energy use will drive its price such that petroleum becomes more attractive in spite of a tax. And there is no way to correctly price carbon emissions when the effect will be felt by hundreds of generations and the extent of the harm is still unknown. It is, after all, simpler to try to persuade a smaller interest just to stop mining (even though that too has almost no chance of happening).
I have no idea whether Bitcoin is being unfairly singled out or not. But since the thread is about mining efficiency, it is the logical topic rather than say deforestation.
So it's not a-priori impossible that it does more harm than good. And even if not a catastrophic problem, surely it would still be nice to reduce the harm if possible.
Just because one thing is bad doesn't mean the other thing isn't also bad.
And that's also the solution.
The reason people are interested in decentralized trust is that the existing system of centralized trust is a dumpster fire. Politicians want to use the banking system to attack their enemies, but not all politicians are good and not all of their enemies are bad, and there is a vast amount of collateral damage.
You can't get your payments processed if you're a terrorist, but also if you're suspected of terrorism without any real evidence, or suspected of political heresy without any real evidence, or suspected of supporting someone else who is suspected of political heresy without any real evidence or due process etc.
People who are afraid to reveal their identities because they have powerful adversaries are impeded from raising money for their cause, or even just making a living, and it's really not obvious that this results in less radicalization. Things that make people angry and scared generally don't.
But it's all caused by AML/KYC laws. The promise of Bitcoin is that you can't have your accounts locked out and your funds stolen because a lazy or corrupt politician in a foreign country leaned on a bank that leaned on a corporation that decided your business was worth less to them than the effort required to resist, regardless of your guilt or innocence.
So now we have a choice. Either we stop using the banking system as a tool for surveillance and political pressure, which cuts the legs off the demand for cryptocurrency, or we keep trying to do that and then all the innocent and guilty people who it was impacting get together to build a workaround, and the rules are ineffective regardless but now people burn an extra billion tons of coal.
The relative ease with which your assets can be frozen, compared with how difficult and opaque it is to get them unfrozen; is something I have witnessed many times and I feel is absolutely unfair. This leads to self-censorship and dissuades the public free exchange of ideas.
If Bitcoin can eventually fund for example; a pro-democracy movement in China or a pro-secular movement in the Middle-East, then it is definitely worth all its flaws.
I would expect that mining has become an arbitrage market that narrows in on the cheapest possible electricity anywhere in the world, and as such is dominated by excess "free" electricity from e.g. hydroelectric power that is generating more electricity than can be used (or transported).
Green energy is not necessarily the cheapest form of energy. If it were, it wouldn't even be _hard_ to stop burning fossil fuels and prevent climate change.
When did miners go to NYS for natural gas power? Are they still there, or did they get undercut by hydro from somewhere else in the world?
Thus, there's no analogy to the challenge the rest of the world faces in moving away from fossil fuels.
I think if anything it creates an incentive to use renewable energy. If miners are able to pay less for power, they make more money. As the cost of renewables continue to drop, more miners will move to it.
A larger demand for energy likely means more polluting forms of energy will come back into service/stay in service to meet the demand.
That's like saying the energy used to run the security system in a bank is being peed away.
A 310L fridge (random one I found) for context uses about 280 kWh per year .
I think it's pretty ridiculous to say that the average bitcoin transaction provides approximately half the value (in the best case scenario) as having the ability to refrigerate food for a year. I'd say "pissing away" is a pretty fair comparison.
With you will need to put the model number in the "Brand or Model" box
Your comment misses the point that it is still a monumental and needless waste.
As someone else in this thread pointed out, there's only 500,000 active Bitcoin addresses, and yet the Bitcoin network consumes the same amount of electricity as the entire country of Denmark
Probably 95% of it is being used for speculation/gambling and scamming the uninformed. 4% on drugs, and 1% on anything else. I'm being generous here. Bitcoin advocates are pool sharks, they want the rest of the world to be their marks.
Who the hell pays rent with bitcoin? Who buys groceries with bitcoin? Bitcoin could drop off the face of the earth this instant and I wouldn't shed a tear.
They generally have high capex and low opex, having a strong outstanding demand by a centralized consumer willing to build a data center nearby makes the business case for a solar farm more attractive.
It is a subside to renewables, where they can make money on energy that would have been thrown away. It allows better managements of the peaks and troughs that commonly plague reneweable energy sources.
You want to help level out peaks and troughs of electricty production: Improve battery technology, don't just waste the energy generating sha256 over and over.
Before: The energy from a hydro plants gets wasted when it is night time.
After: Now they get money.
The hydro plant is now making money on something that they were just throwing away, previously, and thus it is a subsidy.
Hydro plants can usually turn off relatively quickly. They can be used as pump storage, which is an incredibly efficient way of storing energy - >70% efficiency .
The exception to the latter is where excess energy is created because a method of energy production is created to meet peak demand, but generates more energy than is needed off-peak. While some of it could be stored, storage is inefficient and it is better to sell the excess energy cheap, so that you can continue to expand your energy production capabilities.
Miners take advantage of off-peak energy excess, whilst at the same time, increasing the on-peak demand. This means that the provider of the cheap renewable energy source needs to invest in producing more, and cheaper energy to meet the higher peak demand.
However, as a trader, you will only ever buy what you expect to be able to sell. It would be pointless stocking up on goods which you aren't going to sell, especially in FMCG where you need to sell them before they go out of date, else you lose all of the money on your purchase. Sales are almost always the constraint under normal operation.
Suppliers are attempting to create new demand by creating new markets. They usually offer freebies or discounts for new products in order to gain penetration, but it is then up to the market to decide whether that demand warrants them to continue producing the good. Without demand, they cannot continue to produce, because it would be a loss making endeavour.
Electricity can be seen under the same lens. Like FMCG, it loses value with time rapidly, because it gets lost as heat through storage, and it also costs to store. An electricity producer is never going to create more than they expect that they can sell. They might produce a bit more than actual demand as the means to try and capture new markets for greater long-term profits. Mining is part of this - if they can capture a new market for bitcoin mining, they will generate profit in the long term by continuing to supply that demand.
You know that one of the major motivations for Proof of Stake is environmental, right? Proof of stake eliminates the energy waste problem. That is one of its major motivating factors.
You do know that idea of pos is older than PoW, yet nobody cared for it exactly because you end up with financial system run by politicians - exactly where you started.
point is - pos is based on trust, pow is based on laws of physics.
Bitcoin has a history of huge factional schisms over changes that should have been a no brainer (increase block size to increase tx throughput).
Instead political wars have been fought as the Core dev governance gridlocked and stagnated leading to the Bitcoin Cash fork (amongst others).
At least, in case of pos, it is run by politicians with skin in the game...
The majority of the data that is getting pushed around during a page load is ad delivery or tracking code to inform the ad delivery. That is a lot of servers, load balancers etc etc working hard pushing around ad code. The actual text of a news article is a tiny part of the whole workload.
Once the site is being loaded by your browser (ie you have downloaded all the JS and your machine has parsed a few MB of ad/tracking code), depending on the site's ad provider(s) there is potentially a real time auction going on for every ad slot on every page load. Multiple ad networks hold automated auctions within themselves which are rolled up into an auction between the winner of each of those auctions. There are literally banks of big beefy servers scattered around the world bidding on ad slots 24/7.
A breath-taking amount of energy and bandwidth get used up to display an annoying 'sweater for dogs' ad next to a news article.
They do significantly more than this, even if you wanted to (incorrectly) classify all of their products like this, they actually do more than that to entice people in.
They have a search engine. Does that really need actually pointing out?
The whole point of proof of stake is to avoid the energy waste that proof of work requires to secure a blockchain. It's not just a technical challenge -- it's one potential solution to very problem you're describing.
Is proof of stake actually going to work at scale? I don't know for sure, and I don't think anybody else really does -- but the point is that not only are people talking about the environment, they're actively working on solutions.
Nevertheless it is safe to assume that the energy use is significant, even at half or a tenth of Digiconomist estimates it is still quite large. It is broadly true that the energy use of Bitcoin is related to the value of Bitcoin, via the mining reward.
The arguments against the energy use that are based upon the merits of Bitcoin are not valid. If Bitcoin is useless and doomed it stands to reason that the energy consumed is a waste, but that is true of anything. To argue specifically against the energy consumption you have to make the case that it is not worth the cost even if Bitcoin is a success.
If you assume that the costs and profit for mining are more-or-less static then the mining network will use roughly the same amount of energy if Bitcoin doubles in value every reward halving. That flattens out to about a 20% increase in value every year. To accept that the energy use will continue at this rate you would have to also accept that Bitcoin will increase in value at that rate. To date Bitcoin _has_ increased in value quicker than that, which is why the energy use has grown so high. Hardly anyone would argue that the increase in value will be sustained perpetually. If just holds its value the mining reward and power consumption will reduce accordingly. If Bitcoin ends up worth pennies, the consumption will be minima.
Furthermore, Bitcoin mining adds options to _how_ electricity is generated and consumed. Being able to convert electricity into money not only acts as a stimulus for cheaper energy generation but as a motivator for building new capacity. We are already at a point where Solar and Wind are becoming the choice not only for Environmental but also Economic reasons. Any new power plant needs customers, those customers take time to appear. If a power plant sold excess generation at cost to mining facilities the investment required to build a new plant is greatly reduced. This presents the possibility of developing nations introducing power generation to areas that currently have little or none.
If Bitcoin did end up stimulating the increase of carbon neutral capacity and efficiency, then people in the future might end up making the argument that Bitcoin ended up carbon negative.
Great, put it in context then:
A. What is the total energy content of the resources consumed each year?
B. What percent of A is lost to "waste" such as powerplant and grid inefficiencies?
C. What percent of the remaining is spent on crypto?
D. What other things are consuming the same order of magnitude or higher than crypto?
E. Which energy use described in D is easiest to make more efficient without harming the purpose/quality?
Then improve #1 discovered in E until it is below #2, then start work on #2, etc.
I think you will find stuff like getting everyone to use i.reddit.com instead of reddit.com and netflix to stop their annoying auto-playing previews should come before anything to do with crypto.
Bitcoin doesn’t use energy, bitcoin is energy, or more specifically bitcoin is as much energy as people value the function and security of money.
Trying to reduce it is absolutely misguided - if you figure out a thousand times more efficient way to generate sha hashes (mine bitcoin), it won’t matter in the slightest - bitcoin mining difficulty will rise thousandfold and exactly the same amount of energy will be spent going forward.
Or a little more precisely a bitcoin is a provable record that a significant quantity of free energy was once turned into heat. So it does use energy, in the creation and once it is created, that energy is wasted unless the created also needed to heat something.
Well that's nonsense for a start.
Bitcoin simply shifts trust from a middleman to a vendor I am interacting with.
A middleman that is highly regulated, with all sorts of protections and restrictions in place to protect me.
A vendor who has a financial incentive to rip me off, and thousands of years of history to show us just how much they do when given the chance.
The trustlessness of cryptocurrencies is a lie. They move trust from a small number parties you can actually trust most of the time, to a huge number of unknown entities with perverse incentives.
all you have is trust that the bank will provide you $100 when you ask for it.
when you have 100BTC, you actually have 100BTC.
how is that hard to understand?
> all you have is trust that the bank will provide you $100 when you ask for it.
Yup, turns out this trust is pretty good, it's backed up by all sorts of regulations and insurance, all sorts of protections and security, and in the last resort by the state.
> when you have 100BTC, you actually have 100BTC.
Who cares? When I have $100 in my wallet, I actually have $100.
You completely fail to address the point - when making a transaction, removing the bank from the picture actually hurts purchasers and demands far more trust.
yeah, tell that to Venezuelans.
> You completely fail to address the point - when making a transaction, removing the bank from the picture actually hurts purchasers and demands far more trust.
that wasn't actually the point, or at least was completely off target, but sure, i can address it - banks are providing some useful services, banks won't stop providing those services on top of cryptocurrencies, they will just have to face the reality that nobody is going to inflate them out of their financial screw ups.
and finally, if you're fine trusting politicians to run your financial system and regularly screw you up with inflation, financial meltdowns, bankruptcies, etc - i'm ok with your choice. just get off your high horse and don't claim nothing should be attempted to fix that by and for people who are fed up.
Or BTC hodlers who've seen an 80% crash, perhaps.
> banks are providing some useful services, banks won't stop providing those services on top of cryptocurrencies
Then they, and I, have no incentive to use cryptocurrency.
>finally, if you're fine trusting politicians to run your financial system and regularly screw you up with inflation, financial meltdowns, bankruptcies, etc
So far the current sytems in western democracies have outperformed any other system, ever. Further, having a centrally controlled currency is a good thing, yes, it allows monetary supply to be altered and manipulated to support the economy. Unlike, say, gold, which turned out to be a bad choice for a currency.
I'd far rather have monetary policy set by a government, or a quasi-independent entity like the Bank of England, than by some geeks and a bunch of miners.
> claim nothing should be attempted to fix ...
Your 'fix' doesn't actually fix anything and it makes a lot of things worse. That's why you get called on it.
zoom out, you're embarrassing yourself.
> Your 'fix' doesn't actually fix anything and it makes a lot of things worse. That's why you get called on it.
that's just like your opinion man. no reason to continue, time will prove who's right.
Not really, I'm not the one pointing at other currencies and how much they've dropped in value, that would be you.
So where's the safety there? Its imaginary.
You can trade any fraction of a coin with or without an exchange. Exchanges facilitate trading, but they aren't required.
And btc hasn't been 20k for over a year -- in fact it never got there as I recall. It's been trading around 3k for the last few months.
not your keys - not your bitcoin. that's the mantra in crypto world. you're just repeating nonsense you've heard somewhere.
whether exchange gets hacked is irrelevant to bitcoin i own if i'm the only owner of the keys.
not true for any money you're currently holding (if we judge from the position you're arguing for), those are completely imaginary indeed.
don't be naive, you can't block bitcoin any more than you can block porn.
besides, internet is no longer the only information transfer medium bitcoin can work over.
A big part of a decentralized database's design is its protection against DDoSing. Proof of stake is very low environmental cost but you'll discover that the proof of stake networks with low fees can be DDoSed extremely cheaply.
Other networks use the networking architecture to protect against DDoSing.
> amount of energy being used to mine bitcoin is a real problem
Yes, it is. Although I'd like to say that if bitcoin energy use has a crowding-out effect, like an electric car does, then I'd favor mining bitcoin resulting in more hydropower dams being built than people doing business that can't be centralized like mining can and requiring liquid (dirty) fuels.
Datacenters as a whole can be made really efficient and are, in my opinion, a decent investment that can be repurposed better than e.g. an office building full of people doing traditional banking.
So it's not super straightforward even if on net we don't need cryptocurrency miners and I of course agree that it's bad for the environment.
One could argue that Bitcoin should reach the limit sooner, so that mining difficulty would not increase so much, but the mining incentive is mainly a bootstrapping strategy for a currency. Now that everyone is familiar with how the ecosystem works, another coin could launch that was identical in every way except a shorter period of time before all coins were mined.
If you think the amount will be roughly equal, then you are predicting that transactions that end up in blocks will need to voluntarily contribute an amount equivalent to the block reward in order for the system to continue functioning. This seems unlikely to me.
Isn’t the difficulty level calibrated based on 10 mins per block? I don’t see how your statement above can be true. Seems like it goes from one reward every 10 mins (on average) to 0 rewards as soon as the last one is mined.
Does that make it a good use of energy? That is debatable, but energy is used for all sorts of things. How much energy is spent producing weapons, bombs, tanks, etc.? How much is spent producing addictive drugs? Cigarettes? Non-recyclable plastics? How much is spent on illegal surveillance of individuals? Why is it that no one ever talks about these examples?
It is very likely that Amazon, Google, Facebook, Apple, Netflix, Microsoft, etc. each use orders of magnitude more energy than Bitcoin does yet no one ever talks about that either.
Bitcoin gets trashed because people believe that the energy used to run the Bitcoin network is wasteful, but the energy used for other things is not. I am sure that opinion is shared by the majority of folks here as well, but that is what it is. It is an opinion. Does Facebook really improve our lives in a way that can totally justify the energy needed to run it?
Bitcoin mining will accelerate environmental friendly energy production because excess energy can be converted into Bitcoin instead of going to waste. Miners who don't use excess energy will be priced out and there is plenty of excess energy around the world.
How much energy was used to establish and perpetuate the existing fiat currency infrastructure? Has any such comparative analysis been done? Without such an analysis, it seems a little premature to unilaterally declare that bitcoin is a real problem by comparison.
The exiting infrastructure does far, far more than cryptocurrencies do, including credit, investment, protection of funds and all sorts of stuff.
The smart contracts languages can have whatever intent they like, the fact is that comparing the power use of a full financial system to something which is effectively operating as a bad payment processor is so wrong it's funny.
Really, none at all to, for instance, provide physical cash? A function of current financial systems and in some countries commercial banks?
No more to run mobile phone wallet apps?
No more to run PoS systems?
No offices full of traders?
No helplines, advisors or support for customers?
No teams of developers puttig together trading strategies and algorithms, and building smart contracts?
No datacenters opportunistically precalculating smart-contract outcomes to try to get ahead of the market?
You're once again only looking at a tiny part of a system, and comparing it to something much more complex.
*Don’t have a citation but there may be some research on this being published soon, it’s an open secret in the industry.
There absolutely is a free lunch.
In renewable energy, there is a massive amount of "free" energy that is not being used for anything, and is literally being thrown away, because it can't be stored or used during the time of day that it is generate.
That energy is free. There is zero downsize to spending it on guessing number. It might even be negative value energy, actually.
Did you know that sometimes energy prices go into the negative, and people will pay you to use it? Something to do with the electric grid, and difficulty of destroying energy, I am not sure.
Personal plug: https://www.konstantinschubert.com/2018/11/28/proof-of-stake...
I used to be very skeptical of bitcoin and cryptocurrency, but I'm even more skeptical of the recent anti-crypto propaganda all over social media.
3 years ago, crypto was going to save the world. Now, we are talking about environment? What gives? What's with the relentless anti-crypto propaganda?
If cryptocurrency mining goes to countries with subsidized energy and they become part of maxing out that country's energy output, the country may be forced to create new energy sources to provide to the population (aka, higher environmental impact + cost). This push may be partially blamed by the cryptocurrency servers.
In other words, not all cryptocurrency mining servers as utilizing just the extra capacity casually created by a city/state.
Bitcoin mining is a business and it comes to the country. Goal achieved.
Do you have any evidence that this is happening and, if so, that its costs outweigh the utility of energy exported to the rest of the world?
Besides you seem to be missing one important fact about energy - it is very expensive to store much of it, which is why many bitcoin farms use up available excessive energy because that way it makes them more profitable and the grid more stable.
Carbon output, on a global scale, which is already hard enough to keep under control. We don't need yet another massive source of energy use, particularly one that gives us virtually nothing in return.
Bitcoin, like aluminum before it, can be used to "export" electricity from places where it's cheap and hopefully renewable, like a hydro power plant.
We all want a faster, more efficient, cheaper cryptocurrency, and those features are linked to its ecological efficiency.
Suggesting otherwise is not just disingenuous - it is malicious.
Estimated energy consumption - 46TWh . Average transaction rate seems lower than 4/s at all times so let's use 4 . That makes 126M/year.
Visa process 111B transactions per year and mastercard 65B for a total of 176B.
If those transactions alone were as energy expensive, then that would account for about 64,000 TWh.
Global energy consumption (all kinds) is about 110,000 TWh
For traditional banking to be more expensive in energy per transaction, it would seem to need to account for more than about 60% of all energy used if all banking were only these card payment services and nothing else.
Appreciate any checking of figures or calculations, though unless there's something very wrong the rough outcome should be the same given that I've only included a slice of transactions.
And by the way with payment channels all your numbers are irrelevant anyway because your assumption of 4 tx/sec goes out the window. Try again with 4 trillion tx/sec. And keep in mind that there is no upper limit.
They seem fairly important to me, but OK, what metric are you comparing on to claim that the current banking system is using far more raw energy?
Bitcoin has a market cap of $70B and daily volume of transactions of $10B.
NYSE covers about $20T alone for just 4000 companies. Scaled up, bitcoin would be over 10% of world energy use.
SWIFT seems to deal with about $5T per day https://www.fincen.gov/news_room/rp/files/Appendix_D.pdf so that'd be bitcoin taking about 20% of total global energy use if scaled up.
By what measure do you want to back up the claim that the current system is far more energy intensive? I'm trying to find one and honestly struggling.
how much damage financial and environmental have politicians and military have caused over the last 5 thousand years? yep, take that into account in your calculations.
i'll repeat and lets see how much good faith you have: payment channels encapsulate potentially unlimited amount of transactions which completely refutes all your calculations.
edit - I haven't, and my last comment contained nothing to do with per-transaction figures.
I've asked what basis you made your initial claim on, and provided several options where I've looked - transaction rate as currently happens with bitcoin, market cap and daily volume of transactions. None look even vaguely reasonable - so again, what was your initial claim calculated on? What measure were you using and where did you get your numbers? Have you actually tried to work it out?
> i'll repeat and lets see how much good faith you have: payment channels encapsulate potentially unlimited amount of transactions which completely refutes all your calculations.
We have current use, how does that actually compare to the current banking system you were saying uses more energy?
edit - noted. Avoid crypto threads on HN as they're like discussing things on reddit.
It uses much more raw energy because it services the financial needs of most of the planet. Bitcoin dubiously services the needs of a handful. This is so obvious that I suspect you're not arguing in good faith.
You: "the banking system is idiotically expensive using much more raw energy"
Me: "it uses much more raw energy because it services the financial needs of most of the planet".
politics - maybe, military - not necessarily, just an artifact of infancy of our civilization.
> Those things won't go away because of cryptocurrency
those things will become irrelevant to financial system based on bitcoin, which is good enough for me.
Just an artifact of all of human history.
>those things will become irrelevant to financial system based on bitcoin
I don't think there is any point in further discussion; we are simply living in two different realities. The military and the military industrial complex are not going anywhere, certainly not because of cryptocurrency, the notion is laughably absurd.
I'm not a fan of the current implementation of cryptocurrencies but you have a point here. Plenty of wars and armed takeovers have been driven by the prospect of accessing financial systems and therefore plenty of resources are spent to prevent that from happening.
if there's a chance to exclude them from the equation on security of financial system - it's a no brainer.
By the way, the negative environmental impacts will be significantly reduced after ITER is ready.
Once we have clean energy production for everything, bitcoin will have minimal environmental impact?
That's ignoring the fact that fusion is still a very long way from commercial availability.
I just feel like it's a bit ridiculous to downplay the environmental impacts of bitcoin mining by saying "it'll be fine when we have fusion!" because we don't have fusion today, and it's likely to be a very long time before fusion is commercially available.
Also, your initial comment said:
>By the way, the negative environmental impacts will be significantly reduced after ITER is ready.
ITER is not a commercial reactor. Even after it's construction is completed (expected to be, what, 2025?), we still have a long way to go before you can use fusion power to mine bitcoin.
Meanwhile, climate change is happening now. We need to be reducing emissions now.
I didn't, I just said it won't be an issue when ITER is ready, which it probably will, and in our lifetime. We don't need to have it available to us, it would be enough for those miners to use it and the impact would be significantly reduced. I am not saying that it isn't a problem right now, because it is, but it won't always be the case so there is a long-term solution in the happening, which is good to know.
I am not saying we shouldn't reduce emission and whatnot right now, of course we should.
Anyway - https://medium.com/coinshares/beware-of-lazy-research-c828c9...
Problematic topics are usually omitted from discussions when they are complex or not obvious and in the forefront. The conversation goes elsewhere, and we turn our heads to follow it.
From this article:
> As with many dubious claims, it shouldn’t come as a surprise that much of it is underpinned by a single, leisurely researched source: Digiconomist.
> In fact you’d be hard pressed to find many articles in the press pushing the environmentalist, anti-PoW narrative that do not link back to that one source. But hey, can you really blame them in today’s sound bite media environment? Research is hard and time consuming.
The author's POV is a little different in that he is addressing anti-bitcoin alarmists - but, underlying this is the argument that research and shared knowledge on the topic is scarce. This is the kind of content I want to see more of.
I'm happy this comment sparked some discussion here.
* Contrary to what you’ve heard in the media, bitcoin mining is not an environmental disaster. In fact, it is one of the cleanest billion-dollar industries on the planet.
* The combined total bitcoin mining network draws less power than global gaming consoles running 4 hours per day.
* Bitcoin mining is mainly powered on renewable energy, at levels more than four times higher than the global average (>77.6% vs ~18.2%).
* Every year, enough hydro power is wasted in Yunnan and Sichuan alone to power the Bitcoin mining network many times over.
* Bitcoin miners are highly mobile and can therefore serve as cornerstone demand for low-cost stranded renewables.
* By increasing profitability and lowering reliance on subsidies, bitcoin mining can positively contribute to the development and scaling of renewable energy projects wherever conditions are the most favourable.
- Attempts to side-step the law (however misguided the law is)
- Trivial to do using a typical centralized database (e.g. Federal Reserver or VISA)
- Tantamount to waiting for a greater fool to buy out the current players
The economist-in-me appreciates that non-legal activities are perfectly capable of both demanding and supporting a novel financial instrument on their own, I only exclude it from my question because it's a rather obvious application and I would like to probe beyond that.
There are a lot of people in the world that live in places where the law is far more gone than "misguided." For these people, it's not a question of "whether" to side-step the law but "how." You may not care, but they do.
People who bring this up are almost always people who have never lived anywhere near real poverty or conflict. Barring individual cases, the vast majority of the world's less privileged have neither the means nor the knowledge to buy crypto in any shape
The hard part is not adoption within poverty-stricken nations, rather adoption in developed nations with complicated tax codes and lack of incentives for merchants to invest in more payment processing tech is the true challenge ahead.
My country - India - has the world's largest number of poor. Even if these people were to get smartphones, there are already deeply entrenched players (PayTM, Google Pay) who offer free and instant transactions.
This is true for a lot of African countries as well. No reason for anyone to use a new currency when there's already M-Pesa and UPI and PayTM that use the currency they already know and trust.
For example, while it'd be a bit of a hack, you could fairly easily re-use even the various Certificate Transparency blockchains to trade stocks.
Also, I wouldn't say that the incentive mechanisms keep the ledger running. Rather they keep the PoW consensus mechanism running; in all existing trustless decentralized currencies it's your node that verifies the ledger is working correctly, and other people are voluntarily distributing the data without a reward.
It's also worth considering that crypto is effectively the greatest experiment the world has ever seen in free banking: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_banking. Hypothetically, this could be done with paper+metal currencies, or centralized digital currencies; but for whatever reason, crypto is getting a regulatory pass where past "experiments" have been shut down hard by states who claim a monopoly on issuing currency, for better or worse.
Rather than viewing blockchains through the narrow lens of "Money 2.0", I think it's more relevant to view both money and blockchains as social technologies to solve coordination problems, and then inquire about those t | <urn:uuid:59918b21-0ef5-4269-86c9-0242546467d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19191178 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.964287 | 33,484 | 1.695313 | 2 |
How Long Does It Take For Melatonin To Wear Off
Melatonin takes between four to eight hours to wear off, but the amount of melatonin you take can cause this number to vary significantly. Generally, Buenaver suggests taking the lowest dose possible and advises starting at around one to three milligrams.
At a lower dosage, the melatonin will wear off quicker, and youll be less likely to experience any side effects.
How Much Melatonin Should I Take How To Find Your Optimal Dose
Melatonin is an indispensable molecule found in most plants and living organisms. As an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer agent, it contributes to a wide range of functions within the body. Yet melatonin is still best known for its role in improving sleep and reducing jet lag.
After several years of testing Omega Restore a combination of omega-3 fatty acids, melatonin, and vitamin D3 we have a firm idea of how this combination supports our customers sleep patterns.
We want to share what weve learned to date with you and compare our experience to the findings discussed in scientific reviews of melatonin.
Science Backed Benefits Of Melatonin
Like many people I have had trouble sleeping at various stages of my life and have been on a constant lookout for a safe and effective, natural method of getting a better night of sleep. While lifestyle changes, exercise and bedtime procedures can be a great help, some people need extra help to get a good night of sleep. melatonin is one of the most effective supplements to encourage sleep but it has a great deal of other proven health benefits. According to a growing body of research into the supplement, melatonin may help combat symptoms of menopause, relieve pain and benefit your heart and immune health.
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Can Melatonin Interact With Other Substances
Its also a good idea to talk to your doctor before starting melatonin if youre taking any prescription medications.
The following list of medications may interact negatively with melatonin:
- Blood-thinning medications : Melatonin may increase risk of bleeding.
- Blood pressure drugs: Melatonin may make them less effective.
- Diabetes medications: Melatonin may affect blood sugar and make these drugs less effective.
- Birth control pills: Hormonal contraceptives increase your bodys natural levels of melatonin, so adding more may cause drowsiness.
- Steroids and immune-suppressing drugs: Melatonin may make these medications less effective. Do not take melatonin with corticosteroids or other immunosuppressants.
- Medications to prevent seizures : Melatonin might make them less effective, increasing the risk of seizures in some people.
Because melatonin has a sedative effect, it may not be a good idea to take it with other things that can make you sleepy, such as opioid painkillers, anti-anxiety medications, or alcohol.
What Are The Side Effects Of Melatonin
Since melatonin is a dietary supplement, its important to understand the potential side effects. The Food and Drug Administration doesnt regulate melatonin the same way they regulate prescriptions, which means that there arent any official guidelines for taking melatonin.
The most common melatonin side effects include:
- Abdominal pain
If youre thinking about using melatonin for sleep, talk to your doctor beforehand to make sure that melatonin is the right sleep aid for you.
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Q: How Much Melatonin Should I Take To Help Me Sleep
A: Taking the sleep hormone melatonin is recommended to help induce sleep, but there is a good deal of confusion about how much to take. It is sold over the counter in a range of doses, from 1 mg to 10 mg and higher. The natural inclination is to take more melatonin if it is not effective in helping you sleep better, but this is not a good idea.
Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services.Policy
The hormone serotonin is produced during the day and this changes to melatonin when it gets dark outside. Peak levels of melatonin are produced before 3 a.m., when it sharply decreases before natural daylight returns.
Research has found that taking melatonin in low doses is the most effective way to promote sleep if you are experiencing restlessness or insomnia. Recommended doses of melatonin are from 0.5 mg up to 3 mg, which are adequate to promote sleep or treat jet lag.
When melatonin is used at higher doses, it tends to increase daytime sleepiness. Other side effects of too much melatonin can include reduced focus and concentration, feeling chilled and higher prolactin levels.
If you find yourself taking higher doses of melatonin, you can decrease the dose by cutting your tablet in half or in quarters. Research indicates there are no side effects if you reduce the dose of melatonin you are taking.
Behavioral Health Nurse Practitioner Ann Pressler, CNP
Is It Safe To Take Melatonin Every Night Here’s What Sleep Experts Say
Everything you need to know about taking melatonin supplements regularly.
Not being able to fall or stay asleep is frustrating, especially if it happens on a regular basis. To get much-needed rest, many people turn to the sleep supplement melatonin, which is a synthetic version of the natural melatonin your body makes to help induce sleepiness. But is melatonin safe to take every day? Here’s what sleep experts what you to know about melatonin and whether regular daily use is risky.
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Is It Safe To Take Melatonin Every Day And Are There Any Side Effects
Both Dr. Peters-Mathews and Dr. Malow believe melatonin is generally safe to take every night, but large studies are needed to determine whether its effective and safe for all forms of insomnia and particularly for long-term use. “Melatonin is used safely by most people for years,” says Dr. Peters-Mathews.
Dr. Peters-Mathews recommends sticking to lower doses of melatonin to prevent unwanted side effects, which typically include increased dreaming, nightmares, or morning sleepiness. If you are bothered by these side effects, you should stop taking melatonin and speak to your doctor about alternatives.
How Much Melatonin Do I Take At Night
For insomnia: 2 mg to 3 mg of melatonin before bedtime for up to 29 weeks has been used in most research. Higher doses of up to 12 mg daily have also been used for shorter durations . For insomnia occurring together with other conditions: 2-12 mg for up to 4 weeks has been used.
Can Support Better Sleep
Melatonin is often called the sleep hormone and for good reason.
Its one of the most popular sleep aids and a common natural remedy to treat issues like insomnia.
Multiple studies have demonstrated that melatonin can support better sleep.
One study in 50 people with insomnia showed that taking melatonin two hours before bed helped people fall asleep faster and enhanced overall sleep quality .
Another large analysis of 19 studies in children and adults with sleep disorders found that melatonin reduced the amount of time it took to fall asleep, increased total sleep time and improved sleep quality .
However, though melatonin is associated with fewer side effects than other sleep medications, it may be less effective .
Studies show that melatonin can lengthen total sleep time, shorten the amount of time it takes to fall asleep and enhance sleep quality in children and adults.
This type of depression is related to changes in the seasons and occurs each year around the same time, with symptoms typically appearing in late fall to early winter.
Some research indicates that it could be linked to changes in your circadian rhythm caused by seasonal light changes .
Because melatonin plays a role in regulating circadian rhythm, low doses are often used to decrease symptoms of seasonal depression.
However, other research is still inconclusive on the effects of melatonin on seasonal depression.
What Is The Best Time To Take Melatonin
Melatonin is not a sleep aid its a sleep regulator. What this means is that melatonin signals to your body that its time to sleep, but it does not sedate you, like typical sleep medicines.
Because of this distinction, its important to pay attention to timing when taking melatonin.
The best time to take melatonin may in part depend on the situation. For instance, scientists are currently exploring the optimal time to take melatonin for people working overnight shifts. For improving sleep quality at a regular bedtime, however, several reviews recommend taking melatonin between 30 to 60 minutes before sleeping .
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Can You Overdose On Melatonin
While melatonin is generally considered safe, it is possible to take too much. There is no official recommended melatonin dosage, and people can have different sensitivities to melatonin, so finding an appropriate dose can be challenging. Moreover, because melatonin is not regulated in the U.S., the actual melatonin content of supplements can vary significantly. Studies have found that some melatonin products can have nearly five times as much melatonin as their label claims, or much less.
The first sign that youve taken too much melatonin is that youll continue feeling its soporific effects the following day. You may feel especially drowsy or groggy. Doses of 10 milligrams or higher can cause side effects like drowsiness and headache. Other symptoms of melatonin overdose include:
- Changes in blood pressure
- Vivid dreams or nightmares
How Can I Fall Asleep Instantly
The military method Relax your entire face, including the muscles inside your mouth. Drop your shoulders to release the tension and let your hands drop to the side of your body. Exhale, relaxing your chest. Relax your legs, thighs, and calves. Clear your mind for 10 seconds by imagining a relaxing scene.
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Why Is Melatonin Banned In The Uk
In the UK, the Medicines Control Agency has banned the high-street sale of melatonin after it was decided the compound was medicinal by function, and as such requires a drug license. The MCA has written to all relevant suppliers, which comprise mainly health food shops, ordering them to stop selling the product.
Is Melatonin Safe For Kids
Adults arent the only ones who have trouble sleeping. One study found melatonin to be very effective in helping children get to sleep easier and stay asleep through the night. Now, this is only one study with a small sample size, so definitely see a pediatrician before starting your child on the supplement. But, if a child has extreme trouble sleeping, melatonin may be a helpful tool in getting some rest.
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Pain Relief And Fibromyalgia
According to studies, melatonin can also relieve the painful symptoms of fibromyalgia which include widespread and long-term muscle and tissue pain.
In a study published in 2011, researchers looked at the effect of melatonin on 101 patients. They found that those who took melatonin experiences a significant improvement in their symptoms whether alone or in addition to the antidepressant drug Prozac.
Other studies have also demonstrated that melatonin may help relieve other painful conditions such as migraines and chronic headache.
Why Is Melatonin So Popular
According to the American Sleep Association, 50-70 million Americans have a sleep disorder, 30% of adults have occasional insomnia, and 35.3% of adults get less than seven hours of sleep in a typical day.
Prescription sleep aids can be addictive or come with serious side effects that result in your eating and driving while youre still asleep. So, people are attracted to melatonin as a natural solution. Unlike other hormones, our brains make melatonin and it naturally occurs in food. Since it shows up in food, melatonin is considered a dietary supplement, which means it doesnt need approval from the Food and Drug Administration and isnt as closely controlled as prescription medicine, according to the National Sleep Foundation. In fact, its the only hormone supplement thats available over the counter.
Since melatonin supplements arent drugs and dont have the scary side effects of other sleep aids, people have been flocking to this all-natural option.
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Side Effects Of Melatonin
Like any other dietary supplement, melatonin may cause side effects in some peoplepossible side effects include:
Dr. Bollu says drowsiness can mean either excessive sleepiness at night or grogginess the next day. He also adds that interfering with your bodys natural sleep cues may carry another side effect as well.
Taking a hypnotic medication regularly, on a nightly basis, would dampen your innate drive to sleep, explains Dr. Bollu, who adds that although we dont know for certain, this could also be true for melatonin. However, some research suggests melatonin may not dampen this drive in the same way that Ambien, for example, does. When your body recognizes more melatonin in the body, it begins to slow down its own production of melatonin over time. Therefore, short-term use of a melatonin supplement is preferred.
How To Supplement With Melatonin
To aid sleep, the standard dosage ranges from 1 to 10 milligrams per day. However, the optimal dose has not been formally established .
Since not all melatonin supplements are the same, make sure to follow the instructions on the label.
Also, keep in mind that the quality of over-the-counter supplements is not monitored by health authorities. Try to choose brands that are reputable and certified by a third party, such as Informed Choice and NSF International.
Many experts do not recommend their use in children and adolescents until more evidence confirms its safety in these groups .
Since melatonin is transferred into breast milk, breastfeeding mothers should keep in mind that it might cause excessive daytime sleepiness in nursing infants .
The common dosage of melatonin ranges from 110 mg per day, but make sure to follow the instructions on the label. Parents should not give it to their children without first consulting their medical provider.
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Why Do People Take Melatonin
Melatonin is the hormone released by our brains once we fall asleep and it is actively used to handle a range of different conditions. Apart from the regular sleep-related ones, melatonin is also known for being particularly useful in various cancer treatments as an additional ingredient to use through chemotherapy, for instance.
How Much Should You Take
The majority of studies have researched doses ranging from 0.3 mg to 10 mg as the safest and most effective dose. However, the ideal dose depends on age, weight, the problem youre trying to address, and any current medications that youre taking. Generally speaking, the ideal dose is the lowest dose possible that provides the desired effects. Most experts recommended starting at the lowest dose and slowly increasing until you get the desired effect.
If youre unsure which dose to start with, its best to talk to your doctor.
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Can Melatonin Be Addictive
Melatonin has shown no addictive properties in previous studies, unlike some prescription sleep aids. However, taking too much melatonin supplements can decrease the bodys natural production and make it rely on getting melatonin from the supplements instead of making its own.
What Is The Correct Melatonin Dosage For Me
The recommended dose of melatonin is the lowest dose that can help your sleep quantity and quality without causing side effects. While the right dose varies from one person to another, between 0.5 milligrams and 5 milligrams once daily is the typical starting dose for adults. Research indicates that taking doses of 10 milligrams or higher may cause side effects. The maximum recommended dose of melatonin is 10 milligrams.
Several factors, such as age, body weight, and sensitivity to melatonin may affect the recommended dosage. The dose also depends on the type and severity of the sleep problem. Certain drugs may also affect the way melatonin is metabolized. Speak to your physician if you are taking other medications before starting melatonin.
When using melatonin for the first time, begin at a low dose and adjust in increments of 1 milligram, depending on response. Generally, the optimum time to take melatonin is one to two hours before bedtime. There’s some evidence of tolerance with melatonin use, so it’s not recommended to increase the dose over time after reaching the lowest effective dose.
Finding The Right Melatonin Dose With Omega Restore
Working with customers has made me formulate this general guideline to finding your optimal Omega Restore dose:
Start with the lowest dose and work your way up as necessary. We typically recommend starting with a 2 mg dose and increasing from there as needed.
If you do not feel any difference in your sleep pattern after 5 to 7 days, increase the dose.
If you get too high a dose meaning, you experience frequent or early waking then reduce the dose. You can always reduce the dose by taking half a vial .
When you find the best dose for you, you should wake up feeling refreshed in the morning, as well as feel less stressed and tired during the day. When you have found this personal best dose, there doesnt seem to be much change over time.
Personally, I increase my nightly dose while traveling internationally. This seems to take away any jet lag issues. If I feel after some time that Omega Restore seems to work less, then I skip taking the vial for a few days for the body to break down any surplus.
If you have questions about using Omega Restore or finding your right dose, give us a call at 866.414.0188 or leave a comment below. | <urn:uuid:6f2048d1-27f0-43cc-aedf-c0e3ea894bca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.healthyhormonesclub.com/is-it-safe-to-take-20mg-of-melatonin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.922169 | 3,766 | 2.09375 | 2 |
|Title:||A Star Mired in the Earth - Touching the Soul of a Child with Autism|
|Categories:||Child Development, Evaluation/Assessment, Inner Life of the Teacher, Remediation|
|Publisher:||Rudolf Steiner College Press|
|Number of pages:||0|
A touching glimpse into the world of autism, with supplementary articles by the author and Georg Kuhlewind. Juliana thought often about the child with the sun's rays playing in her blonde hair and whose eyes told stories of heaven. She thought about her delicate frame and inexhaustible energy. The young woman was grateful to have met this little girl. . . . Melanie Bös introduces us to the world of autism and the struggle of one child to break out of it. This is a story of being-rather than not awake enough in the world-of being too awake. It is about falling through the cracks because of being misunderstood, not being believed, not being seen by the so-called normal world. Yet it is also a story of two souls (the child and the student teacher), of recognition, of unconditional love, of miraculous discoveries. | <urn:uuid:842eb8a3-c5d9-485c-a1c9-07699a106c5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://waldorflibrary.org/books/3/view_bl/78/evaluation-assessment/352/a-star-mired-in-the-earth-touching-the-soul-of-a-child-with-autism | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.90635 | 311 | 1.976563 | 2 |
The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) now contains 100 members after he accession of three African nations – Benin, Djibouti and Rwanda – was approved at its annual meeting in Luxembourg.
Jin Liqun, the bank’s president, said: "AIIB members collectively account for 78% of the world’s population and 63% of global GDP."
Sir Danny Alexander, the vice president, said: "AIIB was created by 57 founding members as a multilateral institution focused on supporting sustainable development through infrastructure.
"That another 43 members have joined in the past three years is recognition that AIIB has established itself as part of the rules-based international system, with strong governance and high international standards."
The AIIB and the African Development Bank (ADB) signed a memorandum of understanding in 2018 to develop financial assistance for Africa. The ADB has calculated that the continent has an annual infrastructure retirement of $130-170bn and a financing gap of $68-108bn.
Image: Kigali, Rwanda (Wikimedia Commons/Inisheer/CC BY-SA 3.0) | <urn:uuid:8039b4ae-eabd-422f-86f5-c248cd71da6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.globalconstructionreview.com/asian-infrastructure-investment-bank-reaches-100-m/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.955862 | 240 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Cold teas are more popularly known as iced tea in most places. They are served with ice and could be or could not be sweetened. Iced teas are also well-known packaged drinks. They can be combined with flavored syrup such as peach, lemon, lime, raspberry, cherry or passion fruit. Although most teas obtain their flavor from real tea leaves, other beverages obtained from herbs and sometimes served cols are still called as iced tea. Unsweetened iced tea is sometimes done by steeping tea leaves for a particularly long period at a low temperature such as under the sun for an hour.
This is sometimes called as ‘sun tea’. Sometimes, they are left steeping on the refrigerator overnight.
In the US, cold teas compose around 85% of all tea consumed and are very well-known as a substitute to carbonated soft drinks, particularly in the warmer southern states. It is very common in convenience stores, grocery stores, vending machines and restaurants. It can be made fresh on the premises and also available in cans and bottles or at soda fountains. Most restaurants usually ask the customer of their choice – unsweetened or sweetened.
Iced tea is conventionally served with garnishing such as lemon and is frequently placed on the glass’ rim. In the southwestern part of the United States or even in restaurants with a southwestern theme, lime is also very well-known. It is very common for establishments to place slices of both lime and lemon for their customer to take for themselves.
Since there are various types of eateries in the US and also due to cultural and climatic differences, there are plenty of varieties of cold teas. Some of the most outstanding varieties include the following:
- In several coffee houses, exotic varieties of teas are served cold. Some of these tea types include Earl Grey or Jasmine tea.
- In soul food, Southern cuisine style and barbecue establishments, general eateries usually serve black tea cold. So far, this is the most typical form of freshly brewed cold tea. Herbal and fruit flavored iced tea are also rather common.
- Thai cold tea is commonly served in Thai restaurants.
- Cold Chai tea or spiced Indian tea is also available in some stores and restaurants. Although it is not traditionally served cold, in the United States chai is typically served iced, pre-sweetened in bottles and served with honey to sweeten.
- Cold hojicha, jasmine and genmaicha teas are available from a number of Asian cuisine or Chinese cuisine restaurants but are very uncommon. It is more popular to find these varieties hot. | <urn:uuid:3e50f284-9089-4a1d-b851-09002cc8951f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thesilvaspoon.com.au/cold-teas-perfect-summer-refreshment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.975835 | 552 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Nominal unit labour costs (ULCs) grew by 0.9% quarter-on-quarter in Quarter 4 (Oct to Dec) 2021 and were 9.6% higher than their 2019 levels.
Relative to their pre-coronavirus (COVID-19) levels, ULCs increased across all industries except for the human health and social work industry, where they fell by 5.4%.
The growth in whole economy ULCs reflects a higher growth in total employment costs (9.8%) and within that, compensation of employees grew by 11.1%.
Real gross value added (GVA) only marginally increased by 0.1% relative to its 2019 levels.
The UK labour share of income was 59.8% in Quarter 4 2021, compared with an average of 59.0% pre-coronavirus; on a calendar year basis, the labour share of income ticked up for the fifth consecutive year to reach 60.0%.
We use unit labour costs (ULCs) as the metric to measure labour costs within the economy. ULCs measure the nominal cost of labour input per unit of real (inflation-adjusted) economic output. They are the ratio of total nominal employment costs relative to output (real gross value added (GVA)).
This is our first reporting of ULCs following the close of the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS) which ended in Quarter 3 (July to Sept) 2021. ULCs for the whole economy increased by 0.9% quarter-on-quarter in Quarter 4 (Oct to Dec) 2021 and were 9.6% higher than their pre-coronavirus (COVID-19) 2019 average.
The increase in ULCs relative to their pre-coronavirus levels reflect a combination of low real GVA growth and high growth in employment costs. Relative to the 2019 average, total nominal employment costs - which consist of compensation of employees plus the share of mixed income allocated to labour minus employment subsidies - grew by 9.8%. This was a similar growth to ULCs, while real GVA only grew by 0.1% over the same period.
The largest component of total nominal employment costs is compensation of employees which accounted for 95.0% of total employment costs in Quarter 4 2021. Compensation of employees grew by 11.1% between Quarter 4 2019 and Quarter 4 2021. The growth in compensation of employees was similar to the growth in total nominal employment costs and is also consistent with the ONS most recent Labour market overview. This reported growth in whole economy average weekly earnings (total pay) which increased by 10.0% over the same period. Employment in the whole economy fell by 1.0% over the same period.
The recorded increases in both ULCs and average weekly earnings may reflect compositional effects in the employee workforce during and following the coronavirus pandemic, for example, a fall in the number of part-time jobs and a higher number of employees with a degree.
Figure 2 shows the trend in ULCs decomposed into changes in total employment costs and real GVA. The growth in ULCs over Quarter 3 and Quarter 4 2021 was driven by growth in total employment costs exceeding the growth in real GVA. This is in contrast with a fall in ULCs in Quarter 2 2021. This was following the easing of coronavirus restrictions, when the growth in real GVA was larger than the increase in total employment costs.
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The growth in total nominal employment costs for the whole economy were primarily driven by the growth in total nominal employment costs in services. The service sector accounts for 80.7% of the UK economy total nominal employment costs. Total nominal employment costs in the services sector grew by 10.8%. This growth was broad based across sections of the services sector. In two service industry sections, real estate activities and office administration services, total nominal employment costs grew by 14.3% and 12.5%, respectively. Although, these sections only accounted for less than 8% of total nominal employment costs in the whole economy.
Over the same period, total nominal employment costs in the manufacturing industry section rose by 7.7%. Combined with a contraction in real gross value added (GVA) of 1.6%, this resulted in a rise in unit labour costs (ULCs) of 9.5%. This was similar to the whole economy rise in ULCs of 9.6%.
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Revisions have been made to important variables in the dataset. The largest revisions to unit labour costs (ULCs) and the labour share of income, resulted from replacing mixed income data with HM Revenue and Customs payments data. This was for the allocation pattern for Self-Employment Income Support Scheme (SEISS) payments. For more information, see Measuring the data.
The largest revisions were to Quarter 2 (Apr to June) 2020 estimates. The industries most affected by this change, in terms of the labour share of income, were agriculture, forestry and fishing (revised up by 12.8 percentage points), construction (revised down by 8.8 percentage points), and transportation and storage (revised down by 2.4 percentage points).
Revisions to ULCs and the labour share of income resulting from revisions to input data were largest in Quarter 3 (July to Sep) 2021. The most affected industries were agriculture, forestry and fishing (down by 15.2 percentage points in Quarter 3 (Jul-Sep) 2021) and arts, entertainment and recreation (up by 7.6 percentage points in the same quarter).
Most of these revisions are a result of taking on new data sources to calculate real gross value added (GVA) by industry.Back to table of contents
Labour costs and labour income, UK
Dataset | Released 13 May 2022
Unit labour cost, average labour compensation per hour worked, labour share and unit wage cost for the whole UK economy, and unit wage cost for manufacturing.
Average labour compensation per hour (ALCH)
ALCH measures the average cost of purchasing an hour of labour. It covers all costs of labour to employers, including wages and salaries, overtime payments, bonuses and arrears, pension contributions, employers' national insurance contributions, and other costs associated with employing labour. It does not cover subsidised labour compensation.
Compensation of employees
Total remuneration payable to employees in cash or in kind. Includes the value of social contributions payable by the employer.
Subsidies paid to businesses by the government directly based on how many employees they employ or how much they pay employees. The furlough schemes implemented during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic are considered employment subsidies.
Gross operating surplus
The balance on the generation of income account, before deduction of consumption of fixed capital. Conceptually, the surplus arising from the production of goods and services before considering flows of property income. In rare cases this variable may be negative.
The preferred measure of labour input is hours worked (productivity hours), but workers and jobs (productivity jobs) are also used.
Labour productivity measures how many units of output are produced for each unit of labour input and is calculated by dividing output by labour input.
Labour share of income
Labour share measures the share of production income received in exchange for labour.
The operating profit of unincorporated businesses owned by households. Household members often provide unpaid labour inputs to the business. The profit is therefore a mixture of labour remuneration and return to the owner as entrepreneur. In rare cases this variable may be negative.
Unit labour costs (ULCs) - nominal
ULCs measure the nominal cost of labour input per unit of real (inflation-adjusted) economic output.
Unit wage costs (UWCs) - nominal
UWCs measure the nominal cost of labour input per unit of real (inflation-adjusted) economic output, taking only wages into account and not non-wage employer labour costs. For example, employers' pension contributions.
Output refers to gross value added (GVA), which is an estimate of the volume of goods and services produced by an industry, and in aggregate for the UK.
Real wages refer to average weekly earnings adjusted for inflation. It measures earnings adjusted for the purchasing power of those earnings.
Total employment costs
Total employment costs represent the total costs of purchasing labour in the economy, not including any such costs funded by employment subsidies.
For more information, see our Blue Book glossary.Back to table of contents
Changes to methods in this release
In the allocation to industries of payments made in the whole economy under the Self-Employment Income Support Scheme (SEISS), mixed income has been replaced with HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) monthly data on Self-Employment Income Support Scheme (SEISS) payments.
The pattern used to interpolate pre-2020 annual estimates of gross operating surplus by industry to derive quarterly estimates of gross operating surplus by industry, has been changed to whole economy gross operating surplus (GOS) (CDID: ABNG) from GOS of corporations (CDID: CGBZ).
For the first time, estimates are published for the individual sections within government services: public administration and defence, education, and human health services. Previously, data for government services as a whole were published and the individual sections were not separated out.
For the first time, estimates are published for other services and for the activities of households as employers of domestic staff separately. Previously, data for the sum of these two sections were published.
All indices are now calculated relative to the annual value for 2019 for that variable, rather than the simple average across the quarters of 2019.
Methodology in this release
Nominal unit labour costs (ULCs) are calculated as total employment costs divided by output. Average labour compensation per hour (ALCH) is calculated as total employment costs divided by total hours worked.
Total employment costs are calculated as compensation of employees, plus part of mixed income, minus employment subsidies. Only part of mixed income is added because only unpaid labour inputs by unincorporated business owners or their household members are part of employment costs; returns paid for owning the business are excluded. For each industry, the share of mixed income considered to be part of total employment costs is set at the labour share in that industry. Compensation of employees, mixed income and gross operating surplus are part of the Supply Use framework. The data used for this release are consistent with our UK National Accounts, The Blue Book: 2021 compendium.
Labour share is calculated as compensation of employees divided by compensation of employees plus gross operating surplus. It measures what share of each unit of output is received by employees (including some of the self-employed). It is calculated for each industry separately. In rare cases where gross operating surplus is negative, labour share may be greater than one. Labour share is related to compensation of employees as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product. However, unlike the time series, it includes part of the mixed income in the numerator and does not include taxes less subsidies on production in the denominator. For our previous work on labour share, see our Estimating the impact of the self-employed in the labour share methodology.
To fully understand trends in the labour share, labour costs (ULCs and ALCH) must be considered. Labour share is relevant to ULCs and ALCH because its numerator is similar to total employment costs and its denominator is similar to nominal GVA. ULCs are defined as total employment costs divided by real GVA.
Expressed mathematically, with COE denoting compensation of employees, GOS denoting gross operating surplus, and MI denoting mixed income:
This means that it should approximate ULCs divided by the implied GVA deflator, which can be understood as ULCs in real (inflation-adjusted) terms. Different changes of ULCs and the labour share can then be related to changes in the GVA deflator. However, the approximation is less precise the higher employment subsidies are.
Employment subsidies are calculated from data provided by HM Treasury. Coronavirus (COVID-19)-related subsidies, Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme (CJRS) and Self-Employment Income Support Scheme (SEISS) are supplied by HMRC. Regular subsidies data are available for the whole economy only, and the subsidies are allocated to industry sections using each industry's proportion of compensation of employees. Industry data are available from HMRC for CJRS payments. SEISS payments are allocated to industry sections using each industry's share of mixed income. As with mixed income, only part of SEISS payments are included in employment subsidies. The share of SEISS payments that is deducted from total employment costs is set at the same value. It is assumed that no SEISS payments were received by partners in registered partnerships.Back to table of contents
Unit labour costs (ULCs) and average labour compensation per hour (ALCH) have been calculated using data consistent with each other and with output per hour worked. This consistency allows users to compare changes in the three series without the comparison being invalidated by different measurements and coverage of the components. This improves analytical usefulness.
ULCs for the whole economy are now consistent with ULCs for industry sections. This allows valid comparison of data for an industry section with the whole economy. It also means that the mixed income component of total employment costs is calculated using the labour share for each industry. This is weighted by that industry's share of mixed income. It means that labour shares in industries with no mixed income do not adversely affect the estimate of total employment costs for the whole economy.
This methodology does not represent the final effect of changes in the labour market. For example, increases to ULCs may lead to employers increasing prices to compensate, potentially leading to inflation and no increase in labour share or real wages.Back to table of contents
Contact details for this Statistical bulletin
Telephone: +44 1633 455086 | <urn:uuid:90aaff47-81ef-404f-aea2-6cf4ad6954a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/economicoutputandproductivity/productivitymeasures/bulletins/labourcostsandlabourincomeuk/2022 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952071 | 2,937 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Sunday, 24 November 2013
Talk about ancient places. The remains of this medieval Church lie in the bucolic backwaters of Kildare in a quiet town land called Harristown. The large Demesne here was most associated with the prominent Eustace family and Harristown House became the seat of the LaTouches.
The old Harristown cemetary is situated down a narrow road and contains stones dating back to the 18th century. The ruins of the parochial Church stand in the centre of the enclosure.
Like many of its kind from this period it would have served as a parish Church up until the dissolution and most likely fell into ruin as the parishes combined and churchgoers dispersed. It is most definitely stated as being ruinous on the 1837 OS map and has certainly crumbled a lot more since then.We came across it on our travels in the area looking for a ruin in Nurney and so stopped to take a look.
The entrance to the graveyard is by way of a small unlocked gate in the West wall by the roadside. Alternatively if you like climbing then there is a stone stile to the left of the gate. Most of the South and West walls of the Church still stand with a portion of the North wall also in evidence. The East wall at the rear has all but disappeared. The overall state of these ruins evoke a tangible feeling of real antiquity.
The long rectangular shape of the structure measures approx. 21m x 7m and there is an entrance doorway in the South wall. You have to stoop down to enter here as the ground level outside is higher than the interior. Within there are some salvaged carved grave markers and the remains of a baptismal font basin which lies a bit abandoned looking on the leafy ground. The ruins seem quite undisturbed and I would imagine that not a lot of visitors pass its way apart from relatives visiting some of the more recent graves. I wonder does it even register in most peoples minds at all. Still, finding one of these medieval Churches especially when unplanned peaks my interest. There are virtually no pictures of these ruins online so hopefully the above will redress this.
To find the ruins take the M7 Dublin to Limerick motorway and at junction 13 take the exit for Kildare. At the top of the exit ramp take the exit left for the R415. Drive for approx. 7KM until you reach Nurney. Just before the large white Church there is a right hand turn. Take this turn and approx. 200m along take the first left turn. Drive for 1.5KM until you reach a forked junction. Take the left hand road and about 100m along you will see the ruins in the graveyard on your left. You can park just along the roadside here.
Sunday, 10 November 2013
from the night stairs
Cistercian monasteries are generally massive structures and Dunbrody Abbey is no exception. It stands huge and hulking against the Wexford countryside surrounded on all sides by pastoral land.
The Abbey was commissioned by "Strongbow" (Richard De Clare) in 1170 and was constructed by Harvey De Montmorency. It was completed by 1220. This comprised of the cruciform Church only while the huge tower was added later in the 15th century. The length of the Church measures 190 feet making it among the longest in the country.
The Abbey thrived for centuries until inevitably the dissolution of Abbeys put paid to the Cistercian tenure. It was dissolved in 1536, the monks evicted and anything of worth removed including the lead on the roof.
In 1545 the lands were passed to Sir Osbourne Etchingham who converted part of the Abbey into a residence but over subsequent years the buildings suffered neglect and eventually in 1852 the South wall collapsed causing major damage. What was left of the Abbey soon fell into ruin.
This has to be one of the most dramatic ruins we have visited. They lie adjacent to the Dunbrody visitor centre and Castle (See earlier post here) and a key for access can be obtained from the reception for a nominal charge. A pathway measuring approx. 150m leads you directly from the road up to the Abbey and there is a real excitement to opening the great gates and being the only visitors there. To be honest I think most visitors to the centre come to see the great Yew Tree maze and play miniature golf rather than make the walk to the ruins. This was August and high season and we spent a good hour there alone. Not that I'm complaining as it gives you time to absorb the atmosphere uninterrupted.
Once through the gate you are led directly onto the cloisters under the ruins of what was one the residential area converted by Etchingham. The cloister retains the large green area but the pillared surrounds are now gone. From this vantage point the great tower looms above you and is really a stunning piece of architecture.
In the green area is a circle of stone divided by four gaps. This might have been the top of a well but most likely it may have been outdoor seating for the reflective monks.
there are a number of chambers dotted along the east side of the cloister which are locked as they house some carved stones salvaged from the Abbey.
The great Nave runs in under the vaulted underbelly of the tower and leads to the Chancel in which a stone altar is situated directly beneath the massive East window. There is some restoration work in progress on the the Abbey by the current owners and the OPW but it appears to have been halted for the moment. Any access to the tower and the small spiral stairs we discovered have been locked for now which is a pity as the views above would be magnificent. On the South transept however there is a set of stone steps known as the Night Stairs which lead up to a gated doorway again locked but from here you are afforded views of the cloister from above and part of the ruins of Etchingham's residence. This at the moment is the highest point you can achieve.
On the opposite side of the cloister from the Nave are the remains of the Refectory and Kitchen again adding to the large expanse of this Abbey. All in all there is a lot to see plenty of nooks and crannies to explore and the architecture in places is remarkable evoking a great sense of history.
To find the Abbey take the N25 out of New Ross Eastwards towards Wexford Town. Just after you have passed along the quayside in New Ross the road veers left. Take the next right hand turn onto the junction with the R733. Drive for approx. 4Km until you reach a right hand turn with a sign pointing to Arthurstown. This is a continuation of the R733. Drive for another 6KM until you see another right hand turn for Arthurstown with a large stone church (St. James's) on your right. Turn right and drive 1.5KM and you will see the huge Dunbrody Abbey on your right. Adjacent to this is a car park and visitor centre on your left. Ample parking is available. The centre is only open mid May to mid September. If visiting go as early as possible for a quieter visit. Outside of the seasonal opening you will be able to walk up to the Abbey but not access the interior.
Saturday, 2 November 2013
As with other stone circles visited there is always a sense of mystery to them. This particular one is believed to belong to the late Neolithic or early Bronze age. The circle stands on slightly elevated ground, measures over 30m in diameter and is surrounded amongst others by Hawthorns and a very prominent Ash Tree. These types of trees and bushes had significance to the ancient tribes so it is not surprising to find them at a site such as this. To add to the feeling of antiquity one of the large stones has been split in two by a Holly Tree.
The circle consists of what appears to be a varying amount of stones. Visitors have recorded anything between 27 and 39! This huge difference might be caused by the amount of overgrowth at certain times of the year or by split stones but curiously enough it had been a local legend that counting and recounting the stones always delivered a different figure. We counted 30 ourselves on our visit. Regardless of this the stones form an almost perfect circle and are one of the more interesting circles to be found in this part of the country.
Broadleas is located just over the Kildare county line from the N81 road in Wicklow and the stones are situated in a private field. There are no prohibitive signs and access is through a field gate that is chained but not locked. It was a quiet sunny morning and nobody was around to check with for access so we decided to have a look anyway. Once in we closed the gate behind us as there were some sheep grazing although they didn't seem too bothered by our presence.
The position of the circle on what appears to be a mound would lend the thought that this might possibly have marked a cairn. The stones are wide apart so at times its difficult to make out the overall shape. Also there are some stones placed close together and in other spots there are gaps. Whether this was deliberate or the stones have been removed its hard to say and it takes a good few minutes to walk around the circumference to take it all in. Nonetheless the particular placing of the stones in this order really exudes a sense that this was more than a normal circle maybe an important sacrificial site. There is a definite vibe here.
We got in and out without any difficulty and there was no one else about. However if visiting respect for the landowners property should be observed and permission sought if possible. There is a National monument sign beside the circle so I wouldn't expect permission to be denied.
To find the circle take the N81 Dublin to Tullow road heading South and approx. 9KM past Blessington you will find a right hand turn for the R411 to Ballymore Eustace. Take this turn and drive for approx. 600m until you come to a left hand turn. Turn here and park a few metres around the corner just before the entrance to a farmyard. The field gate and stone circle are directly opposite. | <urn:uuid:6a79aff5-c028-4c84-abb3-75c5092bf88f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://irelandinruins.blogspot.com/2013/11/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.970457 | 2,123 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Giraffes Eat Bones--and Other Things I Learned on Safari [Slide Show]
The amazing things I learned about animals while on safari in South Africa
1 The white-eared opossum has a longevity quotient of 0.3, making it unusually short-lived for its size.
2 The Asian house shrew has a 0.4 longevity quotient, and like the white-eared opossum, has and unusually short life span relative to other mammals of its size.
W. A. Djatmiko ( Wie146)/Wikimedia Commons
4 The typical laboratory mouse, also known as the house mouse, has a short lifetime, reflected in its longevity quotient of 0.5.
Rama/ /Wikimedia Commons
5 The giraffe may look odd but its life span is typical for a mammal its size; it has a 1.0 longevity quotient.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Biopics">Hans Hillewaert /Wikimedia Commons Advertisement
6 Like giraffes, the African lion lives about as long as would be expected for its size. Its longevity quotient is 1.1.
7 The vampire bat, with a longevity quotient of 3.5, also lives an unusually long time.
7 The southern flying squirrel has a 2.7 longevity quotient, which means it is unusually long-lived.
8 We humans have a longevity quotient of 5.0, a sign that we generally live longer than would be expected for our size. Jeanne Calment (pictured) died at age 122, having outlived anyone else whose age at death has been well documented...
Wikimedia Commons Advertisement
9 The naked mole-rat's longevity quotient is 5.3; it is a very long-lived small mammal.
Ltshears—Trisha M Shears/Wikimedia Commons
10 The life span of Brandt's bat is exceptional; it has a longevity quotient of 9.8.
ShvedAn/Wikimedia Commons Advertisement
Forgive me. This post is a bit self-indulgent. But I recently returned from a reporting trip to South Africa for a story on some extraordinary human fossils (more on that later), and while I was there I got to see some wildlife—exciting stuff for a city mouse like me. Going through my photos reminded me of the things I learned about the amazing animals there, and I thought I'd share some of them. I took these photos in two locations: the John Nash Nature Reserve, located 30 kilometers north of Johannesburg, and the Madikwe Game Reserve, which borders Botswana.
» View the Safari Slide Show Support Science Journalism
Discover world-changing science. Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. | <urn:uuid:1e20fc29-ba1e-4a60-89b7-c2071d1494b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/giraffes-eat-bones-things-learned-safari/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.933819 | 628 | 2.40625 | 2 |
While investigators in the U.S. are checking into alleged close encounters with Vladimir Putin, Vladimir Putin is checking into close encounters with aliens. Specifically, he ordered the Russian army to investigate the suspicious collapse of a mountain in Siberia (when is the collapse of a mountain NOT serious?) which some people at the site say could only have been caused by a UFO. Just by chance, was the city near the mountain getting ready to hold an election?
“Me and colleague Mikhail were driving a truck with various food supplies for my shops towards Amga and in the general direction of Khabarovsk region. The night was clear. It was the sixth or eighth day of the lunar phase, so the Moon did not rise high and the sky was dark. Seconds before 1.30am the whole sky lit up. We saw a huge green-coloured body with a spectacularly bright and very long tail, falling almost vertically at about an 80 degrees angle. We saw it right in front of us, falling east to south. It all happened within three or four seconds.”
Eyewitness Alexey Dyundin is convinced what he saw on December 11th was a meteor, saying he knows what a falling rocket part looks like because the area gets a lot of those too. (And you thought pigeon droppings on your windshield were annoying.) Alexey Maslov, head of the Verkhnebureinsky district where the incident occurred, agrees – as any politician who doesn’t want to cause a panic would. However, records show there was no meteorite activity that night, nor is there a crater where the mountain collapsed. The other logical explanation is a landslide, but locals who have seen landslides say this river-blocking mountain of a slide is something else. (Many pictures of the pile here.) What else? The Siberian Times had this to say:
“Meanwhile, a poll of locals asked for views on the cause of the Bureya event. Some 27% said a meteorite crashing to earth, 40% a landslide - and 33% a UFO attack.”
The mountain of dirt that was once a mountain is blocking the river which drives the Bureyskaya hydro power reservoir, so the Russian defense ministry has a good reason as well as a good cover to send in the military, geomorphologists, geologists, hydrologists and land-surveyors to clear the debris and look underneath it for a possible cause.
“Given the significant size of the landslide, units of engineer and railway forces with special equipment, as well as army and transport aviation, will be involved in clearing the rock.”
Unfortunately, local residents won’t be able to see what the army finds because a state of emergency has been declared (of course) and the area is being evacuated because of “potential flooding.” Does Putin suspect something he doesn’t want them to know or see? Why do so many of them think the cause was a UFO? A tourist group from the neighboring Amur region was attempting to drive over the frozen river and inspect the site in the first week of January … there’s no report they arrived, what they found or if they made it out.
If one-third of the people in your town believed a so-called natural disaster was actually caused by a UFO, would our federal government investigate it? if it really was a UFO, would the Russian government share the information with ours? If they did, would our government share it with US?
“… and 33% a UFO attack.” | <urn:uuid:e89f35e3-7e6d-4bc5-9c4d-5f1abff17ea0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mysteriousuniverse.org/2019/01/putin-sends-in-military-after-siberians-blame-ufo-for-mountain-collapse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.977528 | 741 | 1.742188 | 2 |
- The William Gorski Collection at the Library of Michigan in Lansing, MI. The Gorski Collection is extensive and the majority of it is from the metro Detroit area. The collection includes Polish newspapers, church anniversary books, local histories, slides and photographs, and more.
- Polish Genealogical Society of Michigan. The PGSM has meetings open to the public and a society journal for members. Very helpful organization for those just getting started with their research.
- MiPolonia.net. Ceil Jensen's web site has a nice section on Michigan/Detroit including a list of local area resources. You can also find out more about her books most of which are topical to Detroit area Polonia.
- Detroit Area Polonia and the city of Hamtramck Genealogical Website. This site is a treasure trove of information for those interested in Polish genealogical research in the Detroit area, especially in Hamtramck.
- The WayneGenWeb web site. This site for Wayne County, Michigan has lots of resources for Detroit area research in general.
Sunday, February 11, 2007
Five More Tips for Polish Genealogy Research in Detroit
There are more than 5 great sources for researching your Polish immigrant ancestors in Detroit. So in addition to the previous 5 tips I've mentioned, I'd like to give you 5 more: | <urn:uuid:fb0fb6df-e9c2-42a9-812b-68993009e0dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://creativegene.blogspot.com/2007/02/five-more-tips-for-polish-genealogy.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.922483 | 273 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Humanist Archives: Aug. 2, 2022, 7:16 a.m. Humanist 36.115 - ways of talking about human-machine relations?
Humanist Discussion Group, Vol. 36, No. 115.
Department of Digital Humanities, University of Cologne
Hosted by DH-Cologne
Submit to: email@example.com
Date: 2022-08-02 05:49:59+00:00
From: Willard McCarty <firstname.lastname@example.org>
Subject: human-machine relations
This is at least equally a question for the uninitiated as for any
experts in human-computer interaction: what figures of thought (a.k.a.
metaphors) get us further in understanding our relation with computing
machinery? Bill Buxton (computer science) and Alessandro Duranti
(linguistics), for example, have talked about musical performance,
improvisational jazz in particular. This appeals to me because it opens
up a connection with the arts. What others are there, and what promise
do they offer?
It's essential to remember, I think, that (to paraphrase Dr Johnson)
metaphor yokes two things by violence together. In other words, two very
different things, bringing the friction of the interplay between
identity and difference into focus. My doctoral mentor used to quote
the biblical "Joseph is a fruitful bough" as an example that makes
difference hard to ignore--Joseph clearly isn't a fruitful bough--while
inviting us to consider that in another sense he is.
This suggests to me that for computing machinery difference from the
human is the better, more rewarding goal, but that at the same time we
need ever better likenesses.
So, how do we think about our machines in order to make the most sense
of them? More than 'just a machine' in Minsky's 'precomputational'
sense, I'd think.
Professor emeritus, King's College London;
Editor, Interdisciplinary Science Reviews; Humanist
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Company financing is the process of giving funds for company activities. In general, funding entails asking an additional individual or organization to funding or spend money on the condition that they will certainly pay off the cash in the future. In addition to personal car loans, companies can look for funding from financial institutions, such as banks or credit unions. Financing is an extremely crucial aspect of running a service. Below are a few of the reasons why you might require financing for your business.
Most people have become aware of mortgage financing. This is a big loan, commonly around 80% of the expense of a home. The client is then anticipated to repay the funding gradually with rate of interest. If the customer stops working to make the payments, the lender can seize on the home and also reclaim the house. Individual loans are smaller sized, non-recourse car loans, as well as can be used for nearly any objective. There are numerous sorts of individual financings readily available, and also each kind has its own collection of advantages and also downsides. near me borrow money
Non-traditional financing can additionally assist company owner finance their growth tasks. Typically, firms can not money these projects on their own, so they look to outside funding resources for their equipment and also devices. In many cases, companies utilize both outside as well as inner financing techniques. Sometimes, a company may use inner resources to introduce a new business sector, while using outside funding for capital and also machinery. The best method depends on the type of business. Nevertheless, integrating these 2 approaches of financing can be beneficial to your organization.
An additional type of financing is financial obligation. While you might not have the ability to settle the financial debt you are getting, you will certainly need to pay it back. Numerous lending institutions will require collateral. For example, a grocery store owner might need a brand-new vehicle, however they can also utilize their old vehicle as security. In return, they accept pay the loan provider 8% rate of interest for the cash they are lending. Funding for a new organization is crucial for many entrepreneur, but it might additionally be tough for a business that does not have enough funds.
As a whole, the expense of financing an auto loan will rely on just how much the lorry costs, the interest rate, and also the length of the loan. While a prolonged loan duration can decrease regular monthly payments, it will cost a lot more in the long run. If you do not pay it back early sufficient, your lender will charge you a charge or price cut. As a customer, you should always pay attention to the terms and conditions of your financing, as the rate of interest of the various lending institutions may differ.
A company might pick to obtain financial obligation or equity financing, but it is important to remember that the latter option normally requires a much better business strategy. Banks, for example, have a tendency to be extremely strict regarding business plans. Most financial institutions and various other business loan providers need a strong company strategy, a track record, and lots of security. Start-up organizations often require substantial amounts of capital, while smaller, retail organizations typically do not. In addition, federal government gives and also motivations might be available to entrepreneurs in certain industries. quick online borrow money
When an organization intends to grow, it typically needs financing. This is specifically real for small businesses, which frequently have a difficult time taking on bigger businesses. Fortunately, financing can make these smaller sized companies extra competitive and offer a firm ground in the market. The following are a few advantages of funding for small companies. But before you enter into the details of getting funding for your organization, it is very important to understand specifically what to look for.
Financial debt financing comes in 2 forms: secured and unsecured. Safe debt has collateral, which the loan provider can connect to a beneficial possession in case of default. Unsafe financial debt is not safeguarded, putting the loan provider in a weaker placement. Moreover, the payment routine for each kind of financial debt can be temporary or long-term, depending upon the reason for the lending. Long-lasting financial obligation is utilized for acquiring assets such as real estate.
Financial obligation is an additional sort of funding. Like financings, it must be paid back, and the loan provider intends to get their passion. Some lenders need collateral in exchange for the finance. For instance, if a food store owner intends to purchase a brand-new truck, they can supply to put their vehicle up for collateral as security, permitting the loan provider to charge 8% interest on it. This type of financing can be beneficial to both events. Simply make certain to recognize what the risks and also advantages are prior to signing any type of documents.
One more alternative is to seek financing from a capitalist. Numerous investors agree to offer a company with the funding it needs to start and expand. Unlike conventional business lenders, capitalists can often give guaranteed funding to local business because they recognize the proprietor directly. They can likewise assist with payment problems. Nevertheless, it is very important to understand the threats as well as advantages of using an investor’s money. Keep in mind, if your business is not an excellent fit for an investor, do not use them.
Along with the upfront price of the finance, make added payments to the lending institution. Even though it may raise the overall cost of your car loan, it’s feasible to conserve numerous dollars by choosing a much longer finance term. A good rule of thumb is to prevent taking on too much debt. If you’re not mindful, you might wind up paying greater than you must if you want to obtain a good deal on your auto. fast cash online near me
When starting a service, you’ll require funding to operate it. Depending on your business model, there are a number of ways to get this cash. As an example, if you have a supermarket chain, you’ll most likely require a large sum of cash to get going. Yet if you’re looking to start a grocery store chain, you might be far better off marketing a percentage of your business to an investor. That way, you can get a $1 million stake as opposed to taking on debt. Lots of business like to utilize this alternative since it lets the investor bear all the danger of a company. If business stops working, the capitalist gets absolutely nothing. | <urn:uuid:a88f5ec7-c083-439b-af41-a1e147ba2d1d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://yonglart.com/2022/07/23/astounding-realities-regarding-financing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.96322 | 1,296 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Free Printable Marauders Map – free printable harry potter marauders map, free printable marauders map, marauders map free printable a4, Free Printable Marauders Map is a thing a number of people seek out each day. Even though we have been now residing in modern day entire world where by charts can be located on mobile phone applications, sometimes developing a actual one that one could contact and label on remains to be significant.
Diy Harry Potter Marauders Map Tutorial And Printable From – Free Printable Marauders Map, Source Image: i.pinimg.com
Which are the Most Essential Free Printable Marauders Map Documents to have?
Referring to Free Printable Marauders Map, surely there are numerous types of them. Basically, all sorts of map can be made on the internet and brought to individuals so they can acquire the graph effortlessly. Here are 5 of the most basic forms of map you ought to print in the home. First is Actual Community Map. It can be possibly one of the very popular kinds of map available. It really is displaying the styles of every continent around the globe, therefore the label “physical”. By having this map, folks can simply see and establish nations and continents on earth.
Harry Potter Map | Treasure Map Inspiration | Harry Potter Free – Free Printable Marauders Map, Source Image: i.pinimg.com
The Free Printable Marauders Map of the variation is easily available. To ensure that you can understand the map easily, print the pulling on big-size paper. That way, each and every region can be seen easily and never have to use a magnifying window. Next is World’s Weather conditions Map. For people who enjoy visiting around the world, one of the most important charts to have is definitely the climate map. Getting this type of pulling around is going to make it simpler for those to inform the climate or possible climate in the area of the traveling spot. Environment map is normally created by putting various colors to indicate the weather on every sector. The normal colors to have about the map are such as moss green to mark warm damp region, light brown for free of moisture location, and white to mark the location with ice limit all around it.
Diy Harry Potter Marauder's Map Printable And Parchment Easy Diy – Free Printable Marauders Map, Source Image: i.ytimg.com
Third, there may be Local Streets Map. This type has become replaced by cellular software, such as Google Map. However, a lot of people, especially the more aged many years, are still in need of the actual method of the graph. They require the map as being a advice to visit around town with ease. The highway map addresses almost everything, starting with the area of every road, outlets, church buildings, retailers, and many more. It is almost always imprinted over a huge paper and being flattened right after.
4th is Neighborhood Attractions Map. This one is vital for, effectively, vacationer. Like a total stranger arriving at an unfamiliar place, obviously a tourist demands a reputable guidance to give them around the place, especially to go to attractions. Free Printable Marauders Map is precisely what they need. The graph will probably suggest to them specifically which place to go to view exciting areas and attractions across the location. That is why each and every tourist must have accessibility to this type of map to avoid them from receiving misplaced and confused.
And the last is time Zone Map that’s surely essential when you enjoy streaming and making the rounds the web. Often if you enjoy exploring the world wide web, you need to deal with diverse time zones, for example once you plan to view a soccer complement from another land. That’s why you have to have the map. The graph demonstrating enough time sector variation will tell you exactly the time of the match in your town. You may tell it very easily as a result of map. This can be generally the key reason to print the graph at the earliest opportunity. If you decide to possess some of all those charts previously mentioned, be sure to practice it the correct way. Of course, you have to discover the higher-good quality Free Printable Marauders Map data files and then print them on great-quality, dense papper. Doing this, the imprinted graph could be hold on the wall or even be held effortlessly. Free Printable Marauders Map
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Here we have another image Diy Harry Potter Marauders Map Tutorial And Printable From – Free Printable Marauders Map featured under Diy Marauder's Map!!!! | Harry Potter Amino – Free Printable Marauders Map. We hope you enjoyed it and if you want to download the pictures in high quality, simply right click the image and choose "Save As". Thanks for reading Diy Marauder's Map!!!! | Harry Potter Amino – Free Printable Marauders Map. | <urn:uuid:c35c6cb5-93c2-4456-8228-b097132b9eb4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://printable-maphq.com/free-printable-marauders-map/diy-marauders-map-harry-potter-amino-free-printable-marauders-map/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.922854 | 1,104 | 1.796875 | 2 |
For years, American states have tinkered with the machinery of death, seeking to align capital punishment with evolving social standards and public will. Against this backdrop, North Carolina had long stood out as a prolific executioner with harsh mandatory sentencing statutes. But as the state sought to remake its image as modern and business-progressive in the early twentieth century, the question of execution preoccupied lawmakers, reformers, and state boosters alike.Advance praise:
In this book, Seth Kotch recounts the history of the death penalty in North Carolina from its colonial origins to the present. He tracks the attempts to reform and sanitize the administration of death in a state as dedicated to its image as it was to rigid racial hierarchies. Through this lens, Lethal State helps explain not only Americans' deep and growing uncertainty about the death penalty but also their commitment to it.
Kotch argues that Jim Crow justice continued to reign in the guise of a modernizing, orderly state and offers essential insight into the relationship between race, violence, and power in North Carolina. The history of capital punishment in North Carolina, as in other states wrestling with similar issues, emerges as one of state-building through lethal punishment.
"With poignant prose and an acute analytical eye, Kotch has written a harrowing and unforgettable history that exposes the inequity of the death penalty in the United States. Some of this eye-opening and moving story is peculiar to North Carolina, but, alas, much of it is not. Anyone interested in how the death penalty has been applied and why it continues to be applied in the United States should read Lethal State."--W. Fitzhugh Brundage
"Few historical studies have so thoroughly refocused my understanding of one of the foremost issues of our time: the criminal justice system's persistently inequitable treatment of African American men. Beautifully and passionately written, Lethal State should convince any fence-sitter that the arbitrary, utterly unjustly administered death penalty should finally become thing of the past, as it has in every Western nation except the U.S."--Jacquelyn Dowd HallMore information is available here.
-- Karen Tani | <urn:uuid:fea1446d-a13d-4bde-b02a-74397b99f237> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://legalhistoryblog.blogspot.com/2019/05/kotch-on-death-penalty-in-north-carolina.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.952585 | 438 | 2.546875 | 3 |
A Gazetteer for the United States and Canada
Welcome to Armour ...
Although we found mention of Armour during our research, we have little information about it.<1> Given the context of how Armour was mentioned, we believe that it was a community rather than a locale or some type of landmark. We have done a cursory search and if it was a community, we haven't been able to find any evidence that it still exists..
While we are confident that Armour was located in Marshall County, we don't know its actual location within the county.
We've added Armour to our Gazetteer with the hope that we can develop more information. We would especially like to find the location of Armour - knowing its coordinates, we can explore things like its relationship to neighboring communities, nearby cemeteries, etc. If you can help us with Armour, please Contact Us.
Time Zone: The area where we believe that Armour might be (or was) located is in the Central Time Zone (CST/CDT) and observes daylight saving time
We believe that Armour would be found within the (785) area code.
Communities Also Named Armour ...
Using our Gazetteer, we have found that there are 13 communities that are also named Armour - they are located in Colorado, Florida (2), Georgia, Iowa (2), Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Saskatchewan, South Dakota, Tennessee and Texas.
For more information, see our Tidbits & Trivia Page for Armour.
Other Roadside Stops ...
Off-the-Road Links ...
The official website for State of Kansas: https://portal.kansas.gov/
Please keep in mind that we can not guarantee the accuracy or timeliness of the information on this website, so use with care. We encourage you to double-check the information that is critical to you.
If you've found an error or have additional information that you would like to share, please don't hesitate to write. Click here to contact us.
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The manufacturing of wine has actually grown exponentially over the past twenty years. Now each state has at least one vineyard, as well as on-line a glass of wine sellers use neighborhood wine as an alternative. This is both eco-friendly as well as affordable. White wine is a social drink, and also it can assist us bond with our family and friends. It can also decrease inhibitions and also increase discussion, thus enhancing our social bonds. Yet it is not just for parties any longer. Individuals have been drinking red wine for centuries. Old Romans consumed a glass of wine for its wellness benefits.
Red wine is made from the juice of fermented grapes. The genus Vitis consists of just one types – Vitis vinifera, the European grape. One more indigenous American types is Vitis labrusca. Other varieties are likewise classified as red wines. Besides grapes, a glass of wine is additionally made from various other fruits, consisting of blackberry as well as peach. A single varietal a glass of wine will certainly have a specific flavour and also is known as a “pleasant” wine. wine
A few hundred thousand years earlier, individuals began making a glass of wine without the addition of sulfites. It is believed that sulfites were made use of as preservatives in red wine as early as the 8th century BC. The aging process for a glass of wine makes it an optimal social beverage, yet the history of sulfites is a bit challenging. Some historians think that sulfites were first utilized in the eighth century BC. But, in reality, individuals have actually been making wine without ingredients for hundreds of years. Which history is a complicated one.
Today, many varieties of all-natural red wine are becoming the “craze” in the a glass of wine globe. The popularity of all-natural wines has actually ended up being such a crucial social capital that many all-natural white wine tags are as carefully adhered to as album covers. The reality that all-natural a glass of wine is so popular has actually stimulated warmed debates in the red wine globe, with traditionalists striking the idealism behind the idea. Nevertheless, regardless of what its beginnings, the advantages of all-natural red wine are obvious.
Grapes are harvested in the fall. A wine maker will certainly make a decision whether to ferment whole collections or destem whole bins. The wine maker might likewise select to use a percent of entire collection fruit in the red wine. Most wine makers choose to de-stem the whole container. The grapes are after that crushed by an equipment. The grapes experience a pre-sorting procedure, removing big sticks, leaves, as well as various other unwanted products from the vineyard.
Thousands of ranges of grapes are made use of in the manufacturing of red wine. The grapes made use of for red wine are classified according to their color and skin get in touch with. Color has no relation to the sweet taste degree of the white wine. All types of red wine can be sweet or completely dry, relying on the type of grape made use of. The fermentation procedure is an art and requires a lot of time as well as power. As a matter of fact, white wine manufacturers frequently utilize massive, expensive equipment to collect the grapes as well as process them into drinkable alcohol. personalisedgifts
There is a science behind the psychology of white wine. Certain regions of the brain are accountable for white wine gratitude as well as choice, and cognitive neuroscientists have actually started checking out these locations. According to Gordon Shepherd, a leading neuroenologist, white wine sampling and admiration entails complicated interactions in between our mind as well as taste buds. Wines differ substantially in the sorts of tastes and also aromas they create. Below are some things to keep in mind when sampling a brand-new white wine:
A a glass of wine’s vintage year refers to when the grapes were collected. Harvest period in the north hemisphere is from August to September, while the southern hemisphere is from February to April. Single-varietal white wine, on the other hand, is made solely from a single selection of grape. This sort of red wine is frequently identified therefore by using the range’s name. The policies for identifying different white wines differ according to region.
Alcohols found in a glass of wine have numerous health benefits. Ethyl alcohol (Ethanol) is one of the most common part, but there are various other kinds, such as glycerol and methanol. Ethanol offers white wine its body as well as carries fragrances to the nose. In excess, ethanol can create endothelial dysfunction as well as oxidative tension, both of which are associated with heart disease. A glass of wine is also known for its anti-inflammatory results as well as its capacity to boost the body’s immune system.
There are many ways to examine white wines’ flavors. Most glass of wines at the $10 to $15 cost variety are normal of the region as well as range. Nevertheless, wine complexity starts at the $25 and $35 price array. Luckily, you can begin to explore the globe of white wine without investing too much money. One of the most challenging part of sampling a new white wine is finding fine examples under $10. So, what are the most effective means to evaluate the taste of a red wine? Simply remember to keep an open mind. winetasting
Native grape species are likewise crucial in establishing the quality of wine. Grapes grown in certain areas create different fragrance substances, and are not appropriate for general white wine production. In the United States, California, and also Australia are amongst the largest wine-producing nations, but there are a variety of others that generate substantial quantities of table wine. Along with these nations, Europe consists of countries such as Italy, Spain, Portugal, Greece, as well as Romania. Throughout North Africa, countries such as Tunisia as well as Algeria are likewise producing table wine. South America includes Brazil, Chile, as well as Argentina.
The ideal temperature to serve red wine differs considerably. A high tannin web content can make a red preference bitter, so it is best to offer it cooled. Lighter acidity reds are fine to be offered somewhat cooled. Some wine stores recommend offering merlot in a glass assigned for the objective, yet the majority of wines are great with a routine red wine glass. Besides, serving red wine in a glass can be fun, so obtain innovative! You’ll be glad you did!
In some areas, low heat summation is critical for growing grapes. In places such as parts of California, France, as well as Italy, grapes have greater typical temperatures than typical as well as require a specific amount of heat to expand properly. In addition to reduced temperature levels, they additionally create fruit with less berry raisins and greater level of acidity degrees. Yet these differences can’t be easily interpreted from the outside. Eventually, the key to winemaking is a healthy and balanced mix of scientific research and also great antique farming. | <urn:uuid:b62eac32-340e-42ce-8300-6b3af207d356> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.enemyrose.com/2022/07/26/all-you-required-to-find-out-about-wine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.975635 | 1,450 | 2.1875 | 2 |
One balmy evening in Domincal, Costa Rica, two friends and I found ourselves stuck in conversation with a friendly tourist from the United States. Despite the best of intentions, he was boring us all.
We didn’t feel like chatting, and the dance floor was calling. So, when he inevitably asked, “Where are you all from?” we answered in the least gracious way possible:
“I forgot,” said one friend.
“I’m undecided,” said the other.
“I don’t know,” I finished.
After close to a year living in Costa Rica, we thought our responses were a clever alternative to the repetitive small talk we had come to dread—with tourists and locals alike. Our unfortunate conversation partner doubtless thought we were very rude.
However, our reluctance to answer a seemingly simple question touches on a deeper issue for me, and perhaps for many vagabonds.
I have small talk fatigue. I’m tired of regurgitating the same facts. What’s more, I haven’t lived in the place I grew up (is that where I’m “from”?) for 10 years. I haven’t lived in the pace I receive mail (is that where I’m from?) for five years. It just doesn’t seem like relevant information anymore.
I definitely have small talk fatigue. But that’s only part of the problem.
As someone with vaguely European features, I never had to deal with the “No, where are you really from?” bullsh*t growing up. (That’s another ballgame entirely). But having spent most of my adult life outside the U.S., having a distinct accent in every other language I speak, and being obviously foreign more often than not, I face two questions with higher frequency than could possibly be healthy:
Where are you from? And, why are you here?
I just don’t want to answer these questions anymore. My place of origin is probably the least interesting thing about me. It leads inevitably to more uninteresting questions. Yet it is always, always the first thing we ask. (I am also guilty of this, though more and more I try to catch myself before it slips out). And, if I do answer the question, “ah,” they say, as if now they know everything there is to know about me.
I reject the very premise of the question: that the world is made up of nations, and that we “belong” to the arbitrary borders within which we were born.
I refuse to identify with a nation simply because we have collectively consented to buy into this fiction. I refuse to flaunt my country of origin (utterly accidental, and in no way representative of any personal merit), as if it were something to be proud of.
Do the advantages and disadvantages of our birthplace, the cultural conventions of our upbringing, and the social constructs of our particular place in the world play a large role in shaping our selfhood? Of course. They play a massive role. I will be the first to make this point. But do these factors define us in our entirety? I strive every day to ensure that they do not.
Is it an exceptional privilege to reject a national identity and seek a global one? In a way, yes. Few have the luxury to choose to dissociate from the title on their birth certificate or passport.
Yet, I believe we are all capable of taking a critical look at the structures we have been handed as incontrovertible—at the stories we have been taught as truth. We all have the choice to accept the world given to us…or to deconstruct it, fiction by fiction, and build a new one.
I was born in the United States. I have a U.S. passport.
On the one hand, this tells you everything: my position of privilege, my opportunities for work and education, my background, and cultural references.
But on the other, this tells you nothing about my values, my vision, my spirit, or my heart.
I was born in the U.S., but don’t ask me about that.
Ask me, “Where is home?” I will tell you:
Home is Costa Rica, for now.
Home is with my family, wherever they happen to be.
Home is my community—global.
Home was South Africa, Zanzibar, London, and Italy… for a while.
Home is in my body.
Home is a hot shower and a good meal.
Home is wherever I am welcomed—and wherever people are kind, good, and full of love (everywhere).
Home is many, many places, and sometimes it is nowhere at all.
And maybe tomorrow I will tell you something different. Isn’t that so much more interesting?
Don’t ask me where I’m from, ask me where I’m at home. Then, maybe, we can talk about something real.
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Learn about Pyroceram and its uses
We sell Pyroceram® wood stove and fireplace glass. Neoceram and Robax are also similar products with different brand names.
It is a transparent ceramic that is suitable for use in wood, pellet, and coal burning applications.
It is commonly referred to as glass but it is actually a transparent ceramic. It is typically 3/16 thick. This highly transparent ceramic glass has virtually zero thermal expansion. It is produced in flat, rolled sheets. It is excellent for passing UV while blocking IR.
Applications Include: Chemical process sight glass, high temperature vision windows, heat insulators, commercial ovens / broilers, architectural and outdoor lighting, electronics and UV light wave blocking applications.
The Temperature Shock Resistance (TSR) of ceramic glass characterizes the ability of a panel to withstand the temperature shock in which cold water is poured onto a hot panel. As a result of the fact that the TSR of Pyroceram® is practically zero, the temperature shock caused by sudden cooling with cold water leads to only minor stresses. The shock resistance is therefore normally limited only by the maximum operation temperature: Short Term Usage: 760° C / 1,400° F. Long Term Usage: 680° C / 1, 256° F. These ceramic glasses have a Transparent-amber tint.
These products listed all have a crystalline component, like milk glass or Corningware. As with Corningware, the crystals that form within the glass have a negative CTE (they contract as they warm up, and expand as they cool down). The volume fraction of glass vs. crystals is adjusted until the overall CTE is zero (the glass expands exactly as much as the crystals contract). Usually these crystals are based on lithium compounds.
To make such a composite transparent, each individual crystal must be much smaller than the wavelength of light. The manufacturers almost achieve this: only the bluer wavelengths of visible light are short enough to be scattered by these very tiny crystals. Greens and reds pass through undisturbed, which is why we see an amber color.
CERAMIC GLASS - STOVE GLASS available in 3/16" and 1/8" inch thickness only. Only genuine ceramic glass can be used in High temperature applications of glass that is suitable for use in wood, pellet and coal burning stoves. It's thermal shock rating of 1380° F makes it ideal for any application where high temperature tolerance is required. Rarely used for fireplace doors. It often is used in industrial high temperature applications.
We currently stock this product, there is no visual or performance difference between pyroceram, neoceram, or robax, the difference is just trademarks, all 3 are transparent high temperature ceramic glass with a 1380° F thermal shock tolerance with a slight amber tint, slight texture, and available in 5mm (3/16) and 4mm (1/8) thickness. The glass that we supply is not ceramic coated or IR coated. It is ceramic all the way through allowing it be reversible.
Many homes in the United States and worldwide are heated by burning wood or Peat as a fuel source for heating homes. Many of these furnaces are constructed by case iron or heat treated steel. However, there is always a glass product that provides a view of the flame in the burning chamber. This is not ordinary glass product. Due to the extreme heat and pressure created inside the chamber, the glass needed has to withstand high heat conditions.
The glass product suited for this is a product call Pyroceram. There are also several names given for each product and each one creates different temperature tolerances. We carry the Pyroceram product.
Pyroceram is not ordinary glass. It is an amber transparent ceramic also known as Neoceram and other given names depending on the manufacturer. Pyroceram has entirely different characteristics from tempered glass. Pyroceram has a high thermal ceramic with a heat rating of around 1650 degrees and is normally used in high heat applications such as woodstoves and fireplace inserts. Fireplace doors do not generate enough heat to exceed the thermal rating so if you need to replace your fireplace door, high strength tempered glass is you best cost effective option. However, there are new fireplace door inserts. These new products are inserted into your fireplace and act as a mini wood stove. They do create enough heat for the use of Pyroceram. So, if you need to replace the glass in your fireplace swing doors, and not a fireplace insert or a woodstove, then you need a tempered product.
Pyroceram Ceramic glass breakage usually occurs as a result of impact or the retaining hardware was too tight or during eventual thermal breakdown which can take several years or even decades. When broken it will usually just crack like normal glass. Pyroceram is amber in color and is made of 3/16 thick glass and is the best glass product to replace for your wood stove.
The history of Pyroceram glass and scientific stuff...
In 1952, one of Corning's scientists, Dr. S. D. Stookey, made and accidental but important discovery when an oven malfunction overheated a piece of photosensitive glass on which he was working. The glass turned milky white as a result of heat-induced crystallization and did not break when dropped. The result was a ceramic-like material, the first in a new family of glass-ceramic materials that has led Corning into several new businesses.
This new Pyroceram® glass-ceramic material was extremely durable, corrosion resistant and had a very low coefficient of expansion. It was also transparent to radar, which made it ideal for use as nosecones on anti-aircraft missiles (Figure 1).
These space age characteristics allowed Pyroceram glass-ceramics to be very successfully adapted for commercial use as Corningware® products for cooking in 1959 (Figure 2). Pyroceram glass-ceramic's transparency to radar (microwaves) also allowed Corningware products to be used in microwave ovens, greatly extending their versatility in the kitchen.
Glass-ceramics next found a place in biology and chemistry laboratories when they were used in 1964 to make tops for Corning® hot plates and stirrers (Figure 3). Unlike metal tops, glass-ceramics are easy to clean, highly resistant to scratches, corrosion and chemical attack. Pyroceram tops heat up hotter than metal typically providing temperatures 200°C above metal top products. Pyroceram tops are also white allowing easy viewing of color contrasts in such applications as titrations. As a result, it has been the material of choice for Corning hot plates for over forty years.
In 1986, Dr. Stookey was awarded the National Medal of Technology for this and other material innovations, including photosensitive and photochromic glasses, he made while working for Corning.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pyroceram is a material developed and trademarked by Corning Glass during the 1950s. Its development has been traced to Corning's work in developing photosensitive glass. Corning credits S. Donald Stookey with its discovery; while conducting research on photosensitive glass, Stookey noted that an accidentally overheated fragment of the glass resisted breakage when dropped.
The manufacture of the material involves controlled crystallization. NASA classifies it as a Glass-ceramic product.
After about 30 years of informal use as a standard in high heat (1000 degrees Celsius) applications, Pyroceram 9606 was approved as a certified reference material
Glass-ceramics are polycrystalline material produced through controlled crystallization of base glass. Glass-ceramic materials share many properties with both glasses and ceramics. Glass-ceramics have an amorphous phase and one or more crystalline phases and are produced by a so called "controlled crystallization" in contrast to a spontaneous crystallization, which is usually not wanted in glass manufacturing. Glass-ceramics have the fabrication advantage of glass as well as special properties of ceramics. Glass-ceramics usually have between 30% [m/m] to 90% [m/m] crystallinity and yield an array of materials with interesting properties like zero porosity, high strength, toughness, translucency or opacity, pigmentation, opalescence, low or even negative thermal expansion, high temperature stability, fluorescence, machinability, ferromagnetism, resorbability or high chemical durability, biocompatibility, bio-activity, ion conductivity, superconductivity, isolation capabilities, low dielectric constant and loss, high resistivity and break down voltage. These properties can be tailored by controlling the base glass composition and by controlled heat treatment/crystallization of base glass.
Glass-ceramics are mostly produced in two steps: First, a glass is formed by a glass manufacturing process. The glass is cooled down and is then reheated in a second step. In this heat treatment the glass partly crystallizes. In most cases nucleation agents are added to the base composition of the glass-ceramic. These nucleation agents aid and control the crystallization process. Because there is usually no pressing and sintering, glass-ceramics have, unlike sintered ceramics, no pores.
A wide variety of glass-ceramic systems exists, e.g., the Li2O x Al2O3 x nSiO2-System (LAS-System), the MgO x Al2O3 x nSiO2-System (MAS-System), the ZnO x Al2O3 x nSiO2-System (ZAS-System).
The commercially most important system is the Li2O x Al2O3 x nSiO2-System (LAS-System). The LAS-system mainly refers to a mix of lithium-, silicon-, and aluminum-oxides with additional components e.g., glass-phase forming agents such as Na2O, K2O and CaO and refining agents. As nucleation agents most commonly zirconium(IV)-oxide in combination with titanium(IV)-oxide is used. This important system was studied first and intensively by Hummel, and Smoke.
After crystallization the dominant crystal-phase in this type of glass-ceramic is a high-quartz solid solution (HQ s.s.). If the glass-ceramic is subjected to a more intense heat treatment, this HQ s.s. transforms into a keatite-solid solution (K s.s., sometimes wrongly named as beta-spodumene). This transition is non-reversible and reconstructive, which means bonds in the crystal-lattice are broken and new arranged. However, these two crystal phases show a very similar structure as Li could show.
The most interesting properties of these glass-ceramics are their thermomechanical properties. Glass-ceramic from the LAS-System is a mechanically strong material and can sustain repeated and quick temperature changes up to 800–1000 °C. The dominant crystalline phase of the LAS-glass-ceramics, HQ s.s., has a strong negative coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), keatite-solid solution as still a negative CTE but much higher than HQ s.s.. These negative CTE's of the crystal-phase contrasts with the positive CTE of the residual glass. Adjusting the proportion of these phases offers a wide range of possible CTE's in the finished composite. Mostly for today's applications a low or even zero CTE is desired. Also a negative CTE is possible, which means, in contrast to most materials when heated up, such a glass-ceramic contracts. At a certain point, generally between 60% [m/m] and 80% [m/m] crystallinity, the two coefficients balance such that the glass-ceramic as a whole has a thermal expansion coefficient that is very close to zero. Also, when an interface between material will be subject to thermal fatigue, glass-ceramics can be adjusted to match the coefficient of the material they will be bonded to.
Originally developed for use in the mirrors and mirror mounts of astronomical telescopes, LAS-glass-ceramics have become known and entered the domestic market through its use in glass-ceramic cooktops, as well as cookware and bakeware or as high performance reflectors for digital projectors.
This article is from... What are Glass-Ceramics? What about Pyroceram?
The word "Pyroceram" is a generalized brand name that Corning used with respect to its glass-ceramic products. There is a belief that it specifically refers only to the Corning Ware formula, but this is incorrect. In company literature Centura is stated to be "Fashioned from remarkable Pyroceram brand glass ceramic ..." and there is no doubt that Centura has a different composition than Corning Ware.
Visions cookware was also called Pyroceram at times and the backstamps of Centura and Suprema restaurant ware also contain the word "Pyroceram". These products are not Corning Ware. So Pyroceram is just a brand name that encompasses the entire family of glass-ceramics rather than one specific formulation.
"Pyroceram" is a family of different glass-ceramics. Corning Ware and Centura are two types of Pyroceram. Image from 1963 leaflet.
The scientific field of glass-ceramics was first pioneered in the 1950s and quickly led to the introduction of Corning Ware in 1958. Corning Ware, Visions, Centura and Suprema are all glass-ceramics. This means they are materials that are glass in structure initially, but through heat treatment they become a ceramic.
An article like a casserole or saucepan is formed from melted glass, then it is re-heated and cooled under controlled conditions. The heat treatment makes crystals grow within the glass, turning it into a ceramic and dramatically improving the strength of the item.
The transformation from glass to ceramic is visible in the material's molecular structure. Glass has an amorphous structure, meaning that its atoms are certainly bound, but in irregular patterns. In contrast, the atoms of a ceramic are bound in very regular patterns, or crystals, i.e.: a crystalline structure.
Heat treatment is not the only requirement for encouraging crystals to grow. The glass must contain an ingredient that provides nucleation during heat treatment, i.e.: an atom that the crystal can grow around, or its nucleus. Titanium Dioxide serves this purpose in most glass-ceramic formulations.
Before heat treatment, Corning Ware is a transparent glass with an amber hue. Its appearance is very similar to amber Visions, but paler in color. After heat treatment, it is almost perfectly white and very densely opaque.
Opal Pyrex is also strengthened by crystallization, but it is not transformed sufficiently to be classified as a glass-ceramic. After the opal glass article is formed, it is re-heated in the annealing, or tempering, process by passing through a long oven known as a lehr and then cooled again.
The amount of crystal growth in opal glass measures 10% or even less, and overall it is still glass because its structure is predominantly amorphous. Materials in the glass-ceramics family can attain crystallization of 50% or more.
The substantial degree of crystallization in glass-ceramics translates to a huge gain in mechanical strength compared to ordinary annealed glass. The modulus of rupture of annealed glass ranges from 5000 to 10,000 psi, while this measurement for glass-ceramics is usually between 10,000 to 20,000 psi. Centura possesses even greater strength once it is glazed. The glaze acts as a compression layer, boosting its MoR to over 40,000 psi.
Glass-ceramics also differ greatly from traditional ceramics. Clay products are formed from a mix that is cold and wet, then air dried, usually at room temperature, and fired to gain the crystalline structure that provides strength. But the strength of traditional ceramics does not compare with the extraordinary durability of glass-ceramics.
The usual crystallization method for glass-ceramics creates an opaque product, and researchers were challenged with inventing a transparent version. Their first success came in 1966, but this clear colorless product did not reach the market due to a fear of hurting Pyrex and Corning Ware sales. There were also concerns that consumers would not be able to distinguish it from ordinary clear Pyrex. One proposed application for this glass-ceramic was a coffee percolator.
The progress made in this earlier project led directly to Visions stovetop ware, an amber-hued transparent glass-ceramic. The official name of Visions glass is Calexium and it was developed at Corning in France. The product line became available in France in the late 1970s, and it entered the North American market in 1983.
Introduction to Manufacturing Processes, John A. Schey
The Generations of Corning, Davis Dyer and Daniel Gross.
"Method of Making Ceramics and Product Thereof", Stanley D. Stookey, United States Patent 2,920,971
"Profiles in Ceramics: S. Donald Stookey", The American Ceramic Society Bulletin, March 2000
"Profiles in Ceramics: George H. Beall" The American Ceramic Society Bulletin, June 2000 | <urn:uuid:c91d37a5-0b15-48c5-98e3-dd4ebe1b3b04> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.woodstove-fireplaceglass.com/shop/pyroceram-glass | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.937493 | 3,685 | 2.140625 | 2 |
In general, green is associated with nature, and thus it evokes a sense of vitality and well-being. Green conjures up ideas of health and wellness. It’s restful, soothing, and cheerful. Green symbolises growth and optimism.
People often find green harder to wear than other colours, so we’ve six different ideas for how to style it.
What goes together better than florals and greenery? They are a natural fit and create a spring-ready look. Green is also a colour that you’ll find in hundreds of floral prints. So why not add some blooms to your outfit? This can be accomplished with a floral shirt, for example, or accessories such as a scarf. If you aren’t ready to wear green on its own, then a floral print is perfect.
Green always looks fabulous combined with neutrals. A fresh and zesty green can be described as nature’s neutral as it evokes the joys of spring. Take notes from nature and pair with other neutral colours such as beige or browns.
You’ll find an ideal green shade for every season and occasion. Bright greens are best for spring/summer days at the races and weddings. Darker hues like Olive Green, Forest Green and Emerald Green work perfectly for winter weddings and events. Choose a green dress and pair with any of the nude/brown/gold shoes, handbags, and headpieces widely available from high street shops, or from your existing wardrobe.
Green and pink are not an obvious pairing. But this combination happens all the time in nature and is fresh and joyous. Colours are often responsible for the way we feel. Choose this combination for a wedding guest outfit or a day at the races and you’re guaranteed a playful day.
Many believe blue and green should never be seen, but this rule only applies when the tone and hue are similar. Try green with deep Navy Blue, Lapis Blue, Sapphire, French Navy, or Royal Blue and the combination is definitely one to be seen.
Don’t feel brave enough to wear green as your main colour or on its own? Green is a striking and refreshing colour that works well as an accent to a black and /or white outfit.
Layer elements into your monochrome outfit, in the form of simple, minimalist pieces like shoes or bags, or a combination. Everyone needs statement pieces to elevate black outfits for occasion dressing and pairing with green always looks elegant.
Emerald and Deep Greens combined with gold always look stylish and sophisticated. This colour pattern is perfect for autumn, winter, occasion dressing, and lends itself well to business meetings and other professional settings.
You only have to look at the catwalks for the upcoming autumn season to see that every hue of green you can think of is on-trend. How do you add a touch of green to your own wardrobe? We'd love to see your beautiful green outfits. Tag us on Instagram @luella_fashion or Facebook @luellafashion | <urn:uuid:989274f6-1eca-452a-bb02-87dd64678b03> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.luellafashion.com/six-ways-to-wear-green | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.930499 | 630 | 1.570313 | 2 |
What is an agile process in software architecture?
Agile architecture means how enterprise / system / software architects apply architectural practice in agile software development. … They identify six forces that can affect agile architecture: Requirements instability, technical risk, early value, team culture, customer agility and experience.
What is the role of a software architect in Agile development?
The architect is responsible for defining and maintaining the structure of the solution, and ensuring that it will meet the requirements. An agile architect must also help the team to work together in an agile fashion, to jointly own the solution, and to interface well with other parts of the organisation.
Does agile require architecture?
An agile team still needs to make architectural decisions. They need to agree on the standards, protocols and technologies that the system will use. They need to decide what components to build and how they will collaborate. They also need to consider areas such as availability, security, scalability and performance.
Is architecture important in agile Manifesto?
In order to achieve and maintain a good collaboration within the team, and be constantly involved in the development process, the architect must be part of the agile team. This means actively writing and reviewing code, taking care of new feature requests, and supervising the end-to-end delivery process.
What is architecture of a software project?
Software architecture is, simply, the organization of a system. This organization includes all components, how they interact with each other, the environment in which they operate, and the principles used to design the software. In many cases, it can also include the evolution of the software into the future.
What is the role of having architecture first in software development project management?
The central responsibility of the architecture team is to create the architecture of the system, identifying the large- grained components or subsystems and their responsibilities, and designing the interfaces.
What does an architect do in Scrum?
Architects help the product owner reduce the level of uncertainty, making it easier for the product owner to set priorities and for teams to focus on the specific solution within their areas of expertise. Architects are present daily on agile teams.
What are the advantages of agile architecture and design?
5 advantages of implementing an agile development process:
Increased Flexibility with a Fast Failure Mindset. Improved Team Collaboration. Quicker & More Efficient Release Cadence. Greater Knowledge Building. | <urn:uuid:3b5731fb-45b0-49ac-8b1a-cc6702648b07> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://greaterphilahealthcare.org/methodology/how-software-architecture-is-involved-in-agile-model.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.944262 | 489 | 2.6875 | 3 |
The rate at which bitcoin is growing has become a cause for concern for investors. Bitcoin is growing fast and it is a question of time before it becomes a leading means of exchange all over the world. If you can acquire a lot of bitcoin now, you are in a good stead to become one of the richest the world has ever known. There are indications that bitcoin will grow a lot higher in value than it currently is. So, you need to keep that in mind and work towards acquiring bitcoin. The number of people that are demanding for bitcoin these days is increasing and this gives assurance that its value will grow a lot higher than ever before. The beauty of it is that you will not even have to go through a lot of stress before you can earn bitcoin.
In the remaining part of this write-up we will show you how to go about earning bitcoin for yourself.
One of the best ways to go about earning bitcoin is by mining it. All you need to do is to partner with websites that offer bitcoin mining service. What is more, you do not even need to spend money before you can start mining bitcoin. Yes, you can earn bitcoin by mining bitcoin for free.
Many people are already benefiting from this and it will not be a bad idea if you too join them today and start earning bitcoin via mining. You do not need to go to a physical mining site to mine bitcoin; you can mine bitcoin directly from the comfort of your home. You can do that directly on your computer. It is even possible to mine bitcoin from your mobile device.
How profitable is mining?
Bitcoin mining can be profitable. Bear in mind that you may not have to pay any money before you can start mining bitcoin. The mining activity also occurs automatically. You only need to press a bitcoin on the bitcoin mining site and the bitcoin mining can occur at the background and you will not even need to lift a finger to make the mooning work for you. The amount of bitcoin you can earn depend on the speed of mining nor what is called the hash-rate. It also depends a great deal on the speed of the device that you are using for the bitcoin mining. You are, therefore, better off with devices that have faster processor. | <urn:uuid:77915e05-30fc-45a9-8672-1be1a7b3e406> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.philipglenister.com/2020/mine-bitcoin-at-home-to-get-free-bitcoin.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.969428 | 455 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Below, we present a number of texts related to the tzaddik, mashiach, messianic age and other related spiritual concepts. For each one we first give examples of the teaching as understood within the framework of Jewish Torah spirituality. We follow this with citations from the New Testament that present corresponding ideas. Please begin with the introduction. This is a work in progress. Some links are not yet active and more topics will be added.
Israel/Jewish people (relationship to)
Power & Authority
In addition to the above, click below for a page of links to pertinent articles | <urn:uuid:ad3c71d5-69b9-4847-853d-2bd0a66ed5ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.13petals.org/topical-studies/mashiach/mashiach-connections/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.893378 | 132 | 2.375 | 2 |
There are several public cloud platforms including Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Platform (GCP). While there are many similarities in their infrastructures, there are some differences. In many cases a VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) or a VNET (Virtual Network) that is tied to a region is created. One or more VPCs may be defined for a logical group of applications. By so doing, different systems are divided into separate unconnected networks unless different VPCs are specifically connected.
Under a VPC many different subnets can be defined. Based on the purpose, some subnets are configured as “public” subnets which are accessible to the internet and some are configured as “private” subnets which are not accessible to the internet.
Some cloud providers (such as Azure and GCP) allow subnets to be defined across Availability Zones (different datacenters), while some (such as AWS) do not allow subnets to be defined across Availability Zones. In the latter case, a subnet will need to be defined for each Availability Zone.
In this guide, we’ll use different Availability Zones for each node. Once the basic functionality of the SIOS product is understood, it might be appropriate to explore different scenarios (similar to those in use in your own network infrastructure) that involve distributing workloads across different subnets, modifying the IP ranges for these subnets, changing the manner in which the network is connected to the Internet, etc. | <urn:uuid:4dde6a7b-2d50-4448-a982-5961b610f0e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://docs.us.sios.com/spslinux/9.5.2/ja/topic/public-cloud-platforms-and-the-differences-in-their-network-structures | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.922548 | 314 | 3.171875 | 3 |
I've read the following paragraph in "iText in Action - Second Edition" (p 17).
"There's usually more than one way to create PDF documents that look like identical twins when opened in a PDF viewer. And even if you create two identical PDF documents using the exact same code, there will be small differences between the two resulting files. That's inherent to the PDF format."
Can anyone please explain me what kind of differences the author's talking about and the reason why the PDF format has this defect if I may say.
Files that are created on a different moment, have a different value for the
CreationDate and they have different file identifiers.
Two files, created on a different moment, should have a different
ID. The file identifier is usually a hash created based on the date, a path name, the size of the file, part of the content of the PDF file (e.g. the entries in the information dictionary). I quote ISO-32000-1:
The calculation of the file identifier need not be reproducible; all that matters is that the identifier is likely to be unique. For example, two implementations of the preceding algorithm might use different formats for the current time, causing them to produce different file identifiers for the same file created at the same time, but the uniqueness of the identifier is not affected.
File identifiers are mandatory when encrypting a document because they are used in the encryption process. As a result, encrypted PDF files with different file identifiers will have streams that are completely different. This is not a flaw, this is by design.
The ISO specification also allows other differences. For instance: when introducing a font subset, the name of the font is prefixed with a tag that consists of six upper-case letters. The choice of these letters is arbitrary and usually chosen at random. Two identical documents that are generated sequentially may result in different tags for the same font subset.
Another reason why two seemingly identical PDFs may differ internally concerns PDF dictionaries. The order of keys in a dictionary doesn't have any importance in PDF. Software that implements the specification to the letter, will for instance use a
HashMap to story key/value pairs. Depending on the JVM, the same code can lead to two PDFs with dictionaries that are semantically identical, but of which the entries are sorted in a different way. This is not an error. This is completely compliant with ISO-32000-1.
The syntax that is used to display graphics and text on a page can be reorganized for whatever reason. See section 8.2 of ISO-32000-1 where it says:
The important point is that there is no semantic significance to the exact arrangement of graphics state operators. A conforming reader or writer of a PDF content stream may change an arrangement of graphics state operators to any other arrangement that achieves the same values of the relevant graphics state parameters for each graphics object.
When processing a PDF content stream a PDF processor may change an arrangement of graphics state operators to any other arrangement that achieves the same values of the relevant graphics state parameters for each graphics object. This can be done to optimize the page, to make it render more quickly, to make it easier to debug, to improve the compression, or for any other reason.
Important: the internal differences between two PDF files created using the same code, but on a different moment, may not result in a visual difference when opening the document in a PDF viewer or when printing the document on paper.
Click Why are PDF files different even if the content is the same? if you want to see how to answer this question in iText 5. | <urn:uuid:2cb534d1-9d96-43ee-b696-a245978cf9ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kb.itextpdf.com/home/it7kb/faq/why-are-pdf-files-different-even-if-the-content-is-the-same | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.891135 | 749 | 2.234375 | 2 |
As has already happened in Alberta and Saskatchewan, British Columbia has developed its own Flaring and Venting Reduction Guideline.
The guideline gives guidance and regulatory requirements for flaring, venting and incinerating in B.C., along with procedural information for items such as: dispersion modeling, flare approval requests and reporting and measuring of flared, vented and incinerated gas.
Flaring and venting are associated with a wide range of energy development activities and operations, including disposal of gas associated with:
- Oil production (solution gas)
- Oil & gas well drilling, completion & testing
- Gas production
- Unplanned non-routine de-pressuring of process equipment & gas pipelines due to process upsets or emergency
- Planned non-routine de-pressuring of processing equipment & gas pipelines for maintenance
Significant economic benefits will accrue to the upstream oil and gas industry, as well as the Province of B.C., with the data gathered and volumes totaled. It will help to provide for new investments in gas gathering systems, additions to gas processing facilities to conserve associated gas and to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Click here to download the:
BC-Flaring-Venting-Reduction-Guideline-October-2011 version 4.2 | <urn:uuid:155e272a-6a47-4f44-ae2c-170bf13398e0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.flarevent.com/tag/bc-oil-and-gas-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.938984 | 263 | 2.234375 | 2 |
The turkey should be cooked for 9-10 minutes per pound of meat if it is left uncovered. Cover the turkey with a wire mesh lid for the last 15 minutes of cooking to allow it to brown properly. The breast temperature should range between 150F and 155F. Remove the turkey from the basket and allow it to rest for 15 minutes before removing it from the basket.
- 1 How long do you cook a 1515 pound turkey at 325?
- 2 How long to cook a frozen turkey in the oven?
- 3 How long does it take to cook a stuffed turkey?
- 4 What is the best way to cook a Turkey in the oven?
- 5 How long does it take to cook a 15 pound turkey in a oilless fryer?
- 6 How long does it take to cook a turkey in a Charbroil Oilless fryer?
- 7 How long does it take to air fry a 15lb turkey?
- 8 How long do you cook a turkey in a infrared fryer?
- 9 How long does it take to cook a 14 lb turkey in a oilless fryer?
- 10 How long does it take to cook a 16 pound turkey in the oven?
- 11 How many minutes per pound do you cook turkey?
- 12 How long do you cook a turkey in a Butterball oil less turkey fryer?
- 13 How big of an air fryer do I need for a turkey?
- 14 How do you cook a turkey in a Butterball air fryer?
- 15 How long do you put chicken in air fryer?
- 16 How do you get crispy skin on fried turkey?
How long do you cook a 1515 pound turkey at 325?
15-pound turkey breast Cooking Time: 1 334 to 4 hours at 325 degrees Fahrenheit; 2 312 to 334 degrees Fahrenheit; 312 to 334 degrees Fahrenheit; 400 degrees Fahrenheit; 425 degrees Fahrenheit; more
How long to cook a frozen turkey in the oven?
However, keep in mind that choosing this option will double the cooking time, resulting in a total of five to six hours. First and foremost, preheat the frozen turkey in a 325-degree oven for approximately 2 to 2 and a half hours. After it has thawed, remove the contents and season with salt and pepper to taste.
How long does it take to cook a stuffed turkey?
When cooking an unstuffed turkey, a good rule of thumb is 15 to 20 minutes per pound of bird weight.Rather of roasting the turkey with the stuffing inside (which is no longer deemed food-safe, not to mention that doing so dries up the bird flesh), continue with this procedure and bake one of these crowd-pleasing stuffing recipes separately in a baking dish.Tips for Preparing a Thanksgiving Turkey
What is the best way to cook a Turkey in the oven?
Instructions. In the case of a turkey, fill it lightly before placing it in the oven. Roast at 375 degrees Fahrenheit for the first hour. Every 30 minutes, baste with drippings from the bottom of the pan. Approximately 60 minutes into the cooking time, reduce the temperature to 325 degrees F. If the skin of the turkey is golden brown, cover it with a foil tent.
How long does it take to cook a 15 pound turkey in a oilless fryer?
Place the basket in the Oil-Less Deep Fryer and cook until done. Cook for approximately 10 minutes each pound of meat in a pressure cooker set to medium high heat (14 pounds = around 140 minutes or 2 hours 20 minutes).
How long does it take to cook a turkey in a Charbroil Oilless fryer?
- The Big Easy Oil-less Turkey Fryer is ready to go.
- Make sure the turkey is in the roasting basket with the legs down.
- Cook for approximately 2 hours, or until the internal temperature of the turkey reaches 165°F.
- Carve the turkey and serve it with all of the fixings.
How long does it take to air fry a 15lb turkey?
Allow 8-10 minutes per pound of meat to fry. The turkey should be removed from the air fryer when the internal temperature reaches 165 degrees using oven gloves and the hook that included with the fryer. Allow for at least 15 minutes of resting time for the turkey. Carve and savor the experience!
How long do you cook a turkey in a infrared fryer?
Cook for around 2 12 hours, or until the internal temperature reaches 165°F. Weather conditions and the size of your turkey will determine how long it will take to cook. Using infrared heat reflected back into the cooking chamber, cover the fryer with the wire mesh lid during the last 15 minutes of cooking to get crispy skin on the outside of the chicken.
How long does it take to cook a 14 lb turkey in a oilless fryer?
Place the basket in the Oil-Less Deep Fryer and cook until done. Start by setting the burner to medium-high heat and cooking for approximately 10 minutes each pound (14 pounds = approximately 140 minutes, or 2 hours 20 minutes).
How long does it take to cook a 16 pound turkey in the oven?
When it comes to cooking a turkey, the rule of thumb is 13 minutes per pound of meat. As a result, our 16-pound turkey was expected to cook in around 3 1/2 hours. But some techniques and techniques (brine, cooking with an empty (un-stuffed) cavity, and leaving the legs un-trusted) will result in a substantially faster cooking time.
How many minutes per pound do you cook turkey?
Calculate the cooking time and temperature for a turkey. The simplest method of calculating turkey roasting times is to multiply the weight of the turkey by 13 minutes per pound at 350°F (which equals approximately 3 hours for a 12- to 14-pound turkey), or multiply the weight of the turkey by 15 minutes per pound at 350°F (which equals approximately 4 hours for a 12- to 14-pound turkey).
How long do you cook a turkey in a Butterball oil less turkey fryer?
Set a timer for 3 to 4 minutes per pound of turkey and cook it until it is done. Cook all dark meat to an internal temperature of 175° F to 180° F, and all white meat to an internal temperature of 165° F to 170° F, according to the manufacturer’s instructions on the package. Here’s some guidance on how to determine whether your turkey is done by checking its internal temperature.
How big of an air fryer do I need for a turkey?
Air fryers having a capacity of approximately 12 quarts or more are required for air-frying a turkey. Always pat the turkey dry after brining it, and then place it in the refrigerator for a few hours to allow the bird to dry out. The drier the turkey, the faster it will cook.
How do you cook a turkey in a Butterball air fryer?
Skin side up, place the breast in the air fryer basket. Preheat the air fryer to 400 degrees Fahrenheit. Cook for 45-60 minutes, or approximately 7-10 minutes per pound of meat, or until a food thermometer placed in the center reads 165 degrees F. Allow for a 10-minute resting period before carving.
How long do you put chicken in air fryer?
Cooking Frozen Chicken Breasts in the Air Fryer is simple. Preheat the air fryer to a temperature of 360 degrees Fahrenheit. Season the chicken with salt and pepper after drizzling it with olive oil. Spray the air fryer basket with nonstick spray and then air fried the chicken for 18 to 20 minutes, turning once halfway through the cooking time.
How do you get crispy skin on fried turkey?
I recommend that you cut up a turkey into parts, utilizing the thighs, breasts, and legs as a starting point. Make the pieces of turkey brined, then dry them out in the refrigerator to provide additional crispy skin before simply dipping them in buttermilk and seasoning flour. I promise that if you follow this procedure, you will get flawless results every time. | <urn:uuid:f862f65e-0122-4672-840a-e938b478280a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://adanaocakbasi.com/how-to-cook/how-long-to-cook-15-lb-turkey-in-the-oiless-fryer.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.901688 | 1,710 | 1.539063 | 2 |
The main difference between advice and guidance is that advice is a subjective set of instructions for a recommendation of a particular product or action, while guidance refers to an unbiased service that is given to a person or persons regarding an action.
Although the function of advice and guidance seem quite similar, there are numerous differences between advice and guidance.
Key Areas Covered
1. What is Advice
– Definition, Characteristics
2. What is Guidance
– Definition, Characteristics
3. Similarities Between Advice and Guidance
– Outline of Common Features
4. Difference Between Advice and Guidance
– Comparison of Key Differences
What is Advice
Advice refers to a set of instructions for a recommendation of a particular product or action. Advice can be personal or subjective from one individual to another according to different circumstances. Essentially, advice recommends what one should do. There are two parts to the process of advising. They are giving advice and receiving advice. Both parties should be very careful when providing and receiving advice since advice can change according to one’s circumstances. Advisors should consider numerous factors before providing advice and making recommendations. These factors include the current circumstances of the recipient of advice, the mindset of the recipient, etc. People take advice from others for different matters – for instance, financial matters, relationship problems, medical advice, etc.
Generally, people seek advice from experts in particular fields. For example, taking medical advice from a medical doctor or financial advice from a financial advisor. Advice most often takes the form of a suggestion.
What is Guidance
The guidance refers to an unbiased service that is given to a person. Guidance will help a person to sort out and identify his or her choices. Nevertheless, the guidance does not provide an exact choice or recommendation; rather, it helps a person to make a choice. In other words, the guidance provides the opportunity to decide, but it does not provide a solution for any issue. The person who receives guidance has the freedom to make his or her own choice by considering the options provided.
A person who provides guidance should be accurate and responsible for what he or she provides. At the same time, guidance providers should be keen on the quality of the information they provide.
Similarities Between Advice and Guidance
- Both advice and guidance have two parties as providers and receivers.
- For both advice and guidance, the person who provides the service should be liable to the receiving party.
- Both advice and guidance should be provided by qualified people in a particular field.
Difference Between Advice and Guidance
Advice refers to a set of instructions for a recommendation of a particular product or action, while guidance refers to an unbiased service that is given to an individual regarding an action.
Although advice is provided for most fields, guidance is mostly provided in practical circumstances.
The recipient of advice is influenced by advice, but the recipient of guidance is not influenced in this way.
The advice can be subjective from one person to the other, and from one situation to another, whereas the guidance is not subjective and usually includes common facts.
In advice, the recipient receives the solution or instructions to follow in order to solve his or her problem, but in guidance, the recipient has the freedom to choose from many options.
The main difference between advice and guidance is that advice refers to a set of instructions for a recommendation of a particular product or action while guidance refers to an unbiased service that is given to an individual regarding an action.
1. “Advice (opinion).” Wikipedia. Wikipedia Foundation.
1. “Handwriting Text Advice Loading. Concept meaning Forecasting the future event” (CC BY 2.0) By Jernej Furman via Flickr
2. “Sign directions support help tips advice guidance assistance” By Jon Kenfield (CC BY-NC 2.0) via Flickr | <urn:uuid:cc02477c-fc22-41b7-9b8b-c3b97d604056> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pediaa.com/what-is-the-difference-between-advice-and-guidance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.936507 | 827 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Recently, our Pastor characterized the older brother of the Prodigal as being worse off than his lost brother. It reminded me of the days of my youth. I was always a Christian and a believer; yet, I felt lost. I, too, could not make out with my father and left home three times. My need was not for being saved again, but for being merciful so that I could receive mercy from my father. It would take me a decade to learn that lesson. This was precisely the problem of the older son. He was not lost, neither were the 99 pennies or the 99 sheep (Lk.15). He, like so many Christians - myself included, found or find it difficult to forgive those that left us holding the bag and then show up as if nothing has ever happened. Forgiveness is the second most important message regarding the Prodigal. No one can be reinstated into the family without forgiveness. For that reason, the father pleaded with the older son (Ja.5: 19-20).
It is the inherent ability in us to bounce back or recover from what is humanly possible and lead our life in a totally different direction. John offered the following, "Children, with God in you, you have already overcome; for he who is in you is greater than he who is in the world" (I Jn.4: 4, Greek).
The tinny ant said to the man, "to understand us you must become one of us." The man replied, "that is impossible and it is beyond our ability." "That is strange," countered the ant. "You can fly to the moon and explain how the world came into being. You used natural phenomena, like wind and earthquakes, to account for Noah's flood and the Exodus. Yet, you cannot communicate with us? In reality you humans are as limited in your world as we ants are in ours. There is no difference between your human hill and our anthill. Is there?"
For comfort we turn often to I Cor.10: 13. "God is faithful, he will not let you be tested beyond your ability; but if you are tested, He will enable you to endure what you are going through." Of course this is the way I understand the Greek and I shall explain why? | <urn:uuid:2382f07e-00fa-423e-bfcd-311612e81d34> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stopandthink.kolke.com/2009/09/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.980815 | 471 | 1.679688 | 2 |
If a higher education is what you want, joining the National Guard is a decision you may want to make. This could be your ticket to a college education and a better future.
Many students ask the same question: how am I going to pay for a college education? When you join the National Guard, there are many answers to this common question.
There are a number of education benefits to consider. While you may not qualify for all of them, your National Guard recruiter can give you advice on whether or not you are eligible.
– ?Montgomery GI Bill
– 100% Tuition Assistance
– Army National Guard Kicker
– Post 9/11 GI Bill
– National Guard Scholarships
– Student Loan Repayment Program
Regardless of which one of these programs you turn to, one thing stays the same: you are going to get assistance paying for your college education. With the tuition assistance program, for example, the National Guard will pay 100% of your college tuition and related fees ? up to $18,000 over a four year period.
To go along with the cost of tuition, some programs, such as the Montgomery GI Bill, help to pay your monthly expenses. With this, you will receive roughly $300 month over the course of your four year education. Best yet, the money is sent directly to you as opposed to the school. This way you can use it as you see fit.
For more information on education programs and other financial packages, contact your local National Guard recruiter. It is important to know what you qualify for, how much money it will save you, and how to get started.
As you can see, the National Guard puts a lot of time and resources into helping members who are interested in attending school. | <urn:uuid:a0a365c2-6ceb-4bac-9ed0-96cbcf95c4de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://usmilitary.com/how-the-national-guard-helps-with-school/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.953777 | 369 | 1.523438 | 2 |
PayPal launches two new Innovation Labs in India
International online payments company PayPal has recently launched two new Innovation Labs in India. Located at Bangalore and Chennai Techcentres, they will allow increased research through its focus on productivity, innovation and education, from machine learning, AI and IoT, to wireless communication systems.
Mike Todasco, Director of Innovation, PayPal explained: "India is a hotbed for innovation given its evolving start up ecosystem, diverse merchant profiles and enormous talent pool. To cater to their needs in the most effective manner, the launch of our newest Innovation Lab in India will focus on fuelling new age technology and giving rise to unconventional ideas with the potential to transform the ecosystem we operate in.”
“India’s innovation potential is enormous and will certainly break benchmarks with the right kind of encouragement,” said Guru Bhat, GM Technology & Head of Engineering at PayPal. “Enabling innovation and creating amazing experiences for our customers is at the heart of PayPal’s global success and the Innovation Lab is another step to foster this spirit in our development centers in India.”
The company first launched into Asia with its Singapore Innovation Lab in order to further support new, innovative fintech start-ups, alongside developing SME’s. In 2016, Dr Rohan Mahadevan, Chief Executive Officer of PayPal and SVP of PayPal Asia Pacific, said, “Singapore is a perfect melting-pot for ideas and innovation – given the strong support from the government, its massive talent pool backed by a world-class educational system, vibrant start up ecosystem, and diverse merchant profiles.”
PayPal’s partnership with Baidu in China and Korean tech company Samsung has also furthered its presence within Asia, and opened the doors for international collaboration and a sharp rise in online purchasing. Additionally, the company has partnered with three universities in Singapore - the National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore Management University (SMU) and Nanyang Technological University (NTU).
Within PayPal’s new venture into India, the company is looking to integrate its PayPal Incubator service to support growing fintech start-ups and provide increased networking opportunities in this space and increasingly innovate within the industry. | <urn:uuid:18ddbbad-0835-4ca0-a8a2-9cad049baa32> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://businesschief.asia/videos/paypal-launches-two-new-innovation-labs-in-india | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.91896 | 464 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Last modified: 2020-01-04 by rick wyatt
Keywords: coral springs | florida | broward county |
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image by Randy Young and Tomislav Todorovic, 4 Jul 2017
New flag designed:
"Dale Williams' flag, which he calls "Where the Sawgrass Meets the Sky," received the most votes from both the public and the selection committee. The City Commission concurred with the choice."
Dave Fowler, 3 July 2017
The six finalists for the new flag were:
1. coralspringsflag.org/1/: "The flag represents the breathtaking Everglades' sunset that the city is lucky enough to have in its own backyard."
2. coralspringsflag.org/2/: "Where the Sawgrass Meets the Sky". "Just like the title to the State of Florida's official anthem, Coral Springs is a city that Reflects what is still true to this State. Right on the edge of one of Florida's Natural Gems, The Florida Everglades, this flag reminds us of each level the city has grown into and gazes into the future of greater things to come." (this is the winning proposal)
3. coralspringsflag.org/3/: "From sunrise to sunset….the City of Coral Springs has everything under the sun! The bands of color were inspired by a recent sunset experienced in our city. The bands can also represent, along with the rays of the sun in the logo, the many amenities we have or the diversity of our city."
4. coralspringsflag.org/4/ : "The sun is actually a "C". The palm tree is an "S" – Coral Springs. The sun and tree represent the perfect day. The Blue background represents the endless possibilities found in our city and the ever-growing city itself. The white circle represents unity."
5. coralspringsflag.org/5/: "The sun in the corner radiates through a light blue sky over our City of Everything, surrounded by a deeper blue band representing beautiful pools, waterways, fountains, and Aquatic Complex, bordered by a curve of green to represent our renown landscaping, parks, and trees. The design proclaims Coral Springs is a beautiful place!"
6. coralspringsflag.org/6/: "When designing the flag: The sun represents the core of Coral Springs. The blue rays represent the extension of family, while keeping the brand of the logo in the flag."
The contest was set up among a rebranding campaign: "Our new brand, "Everything Under the Sun," is a small piece of a much larger marketing effort. This branding initiative was an investment in the future of Coral Springs. Our goal is to have businesses, residents, families, event planners, athletes, and sports promoters re-discover Coral Springs, and the unique experience that Coral Springs offers. No longer the 'city in the country,' we want residents, businesses and visitors to view the City as it is – the fifth largest city in Broward County, family-oriented, with a focus on developing a vibrant downtown."
The logo evolution: "Coral Springs was so remote in the early 1960s that all sales literature included a map with directions. James Hunt had a graceful vision for his "City in the Country" and Coral Ridge Properties was the first developer bringing his vision to life. Coral Ridge Property's favorite moniker for Coral Springs at the time was "One of the last pieces of gold on the Gold Coast."
During the 1980s, Coral Springs was one of the fastest growing cities in the nation. A Coral Ridge Properties sales brochure from that time emphasizes the natural look of the Coral Springs, particularly the "green canopy of tropical plants and trees." The text goes on to point out that "this is not 'by chance'" but rather planned every step of the way. Billboards just outside the city limits proclaimed, "If it Has Everything, It Must Be Coral Springs!"
Then, in the 1990s, the City began using the "Suntree" logo, an abstract representation featuring the outlines of a yellow sun and a green tree. The logo used from 2002 until 2009 was this one: en.wikipedia.org
After receiving the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award in 2007, Coral Springs became known as a Community of Excellence. City officials decided that the golden anniversary would be a perfect time to launch a new brand and celebrate the community we have all come to love. Branding a city not only helps to create a sense of pride, but also has a potential impact on the economic stability of the residential and business communities.
After more than a year of research and brainstorming, the City had a new logo and tagline: "Coral Springs: Everything Under the Sun." (coralspringsflag.org) Coral Springs is proactively becoming a destination of choice for businesses, visitors and families. The logo is a fresh take on some of the consistent themes that appeared in our previous brand themes and logos. While the look might be more modern, the concept is tried and true." (the color palette being available here: i2.wp.com/)
The contest was decided among 80 proposals submitted (coralspringsflag.org) split into three main categories "Elemantary School Division", "Middle/High School Division", "Juried Division" and one final category called "Finalists" following the Flag Design Guidelines: "
1. Be simple: Flags are seen from a distance, rarely up close. A flag on a 1″x 1 1/2″ is what a 3'x5′ flag looks like from 100 feet away. Keep it so simple that a child can draw it from memory.
2. Use meaningful symbolism: The shapes, colors, and symbols should mean more than what they look like. A blue stripe can represent water, yet still doesn't scream "WATER" at someone viewing the flag.
3. Use basic colors: Flags wear over time, and using basic colors ensures a long lifespan. Limit yourself to 3 colors from a standard
10-pack of markers.
4. Don't use words: Flags are meant to be seen, not read. From far away, lettering will be impossible to read. If the name of a city is
needed to recognize the flag, then the flag isn't distinctive enough.
5. Be distinctive/similar: Only use similar visual elements to another flag if you want to associate with that flag. While a sun may be appropriate for Coral Springs because it's one of the main elements of the City's logo, a beach scene isn't."
Sources: coralspringsflag.org/ and coralspringstalk.com
Esteban Rivera, 4 July 2017
image by Eugene Ipavec, 1 May 2009
Christine Verdi-Sarwar, Director of Communications and Marketing of City of Coral Springs sent me a Press Kit in PDF which shows a small photo of 3 flags - US, Florida and (probably) city flag. I asked if that is their city flag and I
got confirmation that it is. The flag is Florida saltire, but in blue (or light green) cross with city seal in the center. The flag has a double saltire, or two lines. The top two sets (left and right) have the blue line on the top and the green line on the bottom; the bottom two sets (left and right) have the green line on the top and the blue line on the bottom.
Valentin Poposki, 19 March 2009
image located by Paul Bassinson, 24 June 2019
Paul Bassinson, 24 June 2019 | <urn:uuid:ef215497-fe5f-4c5b-a6c8-c6fc9514cfea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fotw.info/flags/us-flcos.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.937059 | 1,653 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Media Titles Buzzword Spam Filter
Just like an ad blocker, but filters out titles in news feeds, containing buzzwords.
So, you may have noticed, that big names tend to be pushed by journalists into articles to promote them. For example, COVID-19 and 5G are very often sung together. Similarly, big names like corporation names, country names, product brand names, are often included in the titles because of financial reasons, rather than true conceptual novelty.
The way the filter would work, is that once you enable it (think -- as a plugin in your browser), you'd automatically filter out the posts with those terms in the titles. Get out of the aritficial bubbles of proper nouns ;) | <urn:uuid:d7f44ad5-3f14-4595-a8aa-2b615f7caa31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://infinity.family/method/1020/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.951552 | 150 | 1.65625 | 2 |
The Amos Paul Kennedy Jr. Collection at Reynolds Libraries and Tutoring Center
Amos Paul Kennedy Jr.
Amos Paul Kennedy Jr. is a self-proclaimed “humble Negro printer” whose letterpress work represents the messages and identities of African-Americans whose “words… have largely been excluded from ‘fine print.’” Originally an AT&T systems analyst, Kennedy Jr dedicated his life to print making after seeing a letterpress demonstration in Colonial Williamsburg at the age of 40. Now collected by dozens of universities, museums, and libraries across the US, Kennedy uses traditional letterpress techniques to create richly colored, hand-pulled prints that often incorporate messages and aphorisms that spur conversation about race and class. Through his layered printing of simple text and pattern, Kennedy’s work encourages reflection on historical and current African-American identities and overlap between the struggles of the Civil Rights movement and contemporary needs for bold action to pursue social justice. Kennedy has a BA in Mathematics from Grambling State University in Louisiana and an MFA in Graphic Design from the University of Wisconsin-Madison. | <urn:uuid:268d7036-f4ae-4d29-b73b-b36b91ae6978> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://reynoldslibraries.org/kennedygallery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.918448 | 227 | 2.65625 | 3 |
The Holocaust Menorah
A moving photo and the menorah that bears testimony to the eternal Jewish nation.
Rachel Posner’s life changed in 1932. A mother of three young girls, she lived in the northern Germany city of Kiel where her husband Akiva served as rabbi for the city’s 600 Jews. Anti-Semitism was rising. Parks and buildings now sported signs reading “Entrance to Jews Forbidden” and the Nazis had just opened up a headquarters right across the street from her apartment. An ugly swastika now obscured the view from her window.
When Hanukkah came and Rachel placed her family’s menorah in their window, she was greeted once again by the sight of that swastika flag. With the Hanukkah menorah in place, she snapped a photo - and when the pictures came back from the developers, she defiantly inscribed the back.
Die Fahne spricht
“Juda lebt ewit”
Erwidert das Licht
“Death to Judea”
So the flag says
“Judea will live forever”
So the light answers.
That was the Posner family’s last Hanukkah in Kiel. Rabbi Posner wrote an angry letter to the local newspaper complaining about Jews being banned from public spaces, and the local Nazi leader demanded to debate him in public - or else. Sensing just how dangerous it was becoming to live as Jews, Rachel and Akiva encouraged the city’s Jews to flee. In 1933, they left themselves, moving to the land of Israel, along with many of Kiel’s Jews.
They settled in Haifa. Although Rabbi Posner was offered a job as a rabbi by Rabbi Abraham Isaac Kook, the Chief Rabbi of Israel, he refused, explaining that he couldn’t lead a community in Israel while his long-time community was still back in Germany. Instead, he became a librarian. Rachel and he lit their same family menorah each year, as their three daughters grew up and later as they watched their nine grandchildren grow.
Both the menorah and the picture of it that Rachel snapped in 1932 “were part of the family’s history, but nobody ever made a big deal about it” explained Yehuda Mansbach, Rachel and Akiva’s grandson. Today, the menorah sits in Yehuda’s window, but instead of facing a Nazi headquarters it looks out over his yard in Beit Shemesh, Israel. Each year, he lights it with his wife and eight children. The menorah left their house briefly in 2009, when Rachel and Akiva’s great grandson Akiva Mansbach was a soldier in the Israeli Defense Forces and brought the menorah to his base for his fellow soldiers to use.
In 2016, Yad Vashem asked the family if they could display it as part of an exhibit on Hanukkah menorahs and the Holocaust - not realizing that it was still in use. “When people from the museum approached me and asked if they could use the menorah in the exposition, I told them, it’s not an artifact - it’s being used, we light it every year!” explained Akiva Mansbach.
The museum and the family worked out a compromise: Yad Vashem could display the menorah, but would return it to its family to be used over Hanukkah. Each Hanukkah as the descendants of Rachel and Akiva Posner kindle the Hanukkah lights in their homes in Israel, they recall their great grandmother’s powerful words, which seemed so unlikely back in 1932, but which have sustained their family and the Jewish people through the ages: no matter what befalls us: “Judea will live forever.” | <urn:uuid:ff634602-2abb-4d7d-bfec-ad9b3d5741c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aish.com/the-holocaust-menorah/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.96859 | 816 | 3.40625 | 3 |
The Burlington International Airport has ordered more sanitizer stations like this one.
Vermont is preparing for the likelihood of coronavirus cases and announced Monday the formation of a special task force to support the public health response.
“As this virus continues to spread globally, ensuring we stay ahead of it with a long-term mitigation plan is an important step in our response process," Gov. Phil Scott said, "and I appreciate the expertise and leadership of this interagency group.”
Vermont had no known cases as of Monday but some were reported close to the state. Monday morning, New Hampshire announced its first case of coronavirus, involving an employee of Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center in Hanover — just over the Connecticut River from Vermont. Many Vermonters use the hospital.
That hospital employee had recently returned from Italy, whose northern region has been hit by an outbreak. The employee was in isolation at home, exhibiting mild symptoms. A case has also been reported in New York State.
Meanwhile, Rice Memorial High School students who returned from a Latin class trip to Italy over school break were being monitored for signs of the virus and have been told not to return to the school before March 9. A faculty member who accompanied the students and returned with symptoms of a cold was also being monitored.
Lisa Lorenz, the principal of the South Burlington Roman Catholic school, sent parents an email explaining the decision.
"Please know that over the last forty-eight hours we have tried our best to balance caution with perspective," she wrote. "The [coronavirus] context remains fluid in Vermont, our country, and throughout the world. We will respond further, on the advice of health experts, should the circumstances change. "
Burlington International Airport plans to increase hand sanitizing stations from 30 to 50 as a precaution. Employees are wiping down counters, railings and other surfaces three times a day, said director of aviation Gene Richards. So far, the virus has not had an obvious impact on passenger traffic, he said Monday morning, and the airport was monitoring the situation "day by day."
The new Vermont task force will try to ensure a coordinated statewide response, including communication measures to slow or minimize the spread if cases are diagnosed.
“We have plans in place for all hazards in the state of Vermont, including infectious disease," said Vermont emergency management director Erica Bornemann. "These are plans we update and exercise regularly, but each individual incident requires coordination of plans, resources and responsible agencies.”
The task force includes members from Vermont Emergency Management, the departments of Public Safety, Health and Human Resources, and the agencies of Education and Human Services. The Vermont National Guard and the Federal Emergency Management Agency will also participate.
After emerging in China, the virus has spread to multiple countries and infected 90,000 people. It has killed 3,000, affecting the elderly and people with underlying health issues the hardest.
The U.S. had 100 confirmed cases as of Monday, but the virus was spreading. In Washington State, six people have died. Four of them were residents of a long-term care nursing facility.
Some Vermont eldercare homes were already taking steps to limit the potential spread of the coronavirus.
Monday, the director of the Converse Home in Burlington informed patients and their families of new rules. The assisted living facility announced it was suspending guest meals in the dining room, advised that any visitors or employees with signs of respiratory illness would not be allowed to enter the home, and encouraged friends and family not to make unnecessary visits.
If necessary, the home will take additional steps, such as screening visitors by taking their temperature and serving meals in residents' rooms rather than the dining room. Residents could be asked to stay in their rooms.
The steps are similar to protocols to prevent the spread of the flu and in line with what the CDC is recommending so far with regard to coronavirus, according to Clayton Clark. He's the executive director of the Converse Home,
which has 64 residents.
"Any [care] home that is not preparing for coronavirus right now would be considered negligent. We're doing exactly what we should be doing," Clark told Seven Days. He is the former director of licensing and protection at the Vermont Department of Disabilities, Aging and Independent Living.
It's difficult to predict what will happen, he added.
"Do I think it's likely that there will be a catastrophic event in Vermont or at the Converse Home?" he asked. "I don't think it's likely. But it's still something that we are going to prepare for."
Also Monday, Vice President Mike Pence announced that all Americans in Italy and South Korea will be screened before they can board U.S-bound flights.
Vermont has already issued an advisory asking people who recently traveled to affected countries such as China, Iran and Italy to contact the Vermont Health Department for information about tracking potential symptoms. | <urn:uuid:ee9ceb83-56f0-45f6-858a-b6d3bede1511> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://m.sevendaysvt.com/OffMessage/archives/2020/03/02/scott-announces-coronavirus-task-force-as-vermont-braces-for-likely-cases | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.976941 | 1,022 | 1.625 | 2 |
Amongst the most diversified businesses is chemical manufacturing. It manufactures substances in all three forms: solid, liquid, and gas. The basic process in a chemical company is to convert raw materials like air, natural gas, water, oil, metals, and minerals into different products. The chemical field also plays a vital role in the country’s growth as it contributes to the GDP. It also employs thousands of people. One of the biggest producers of chemicals in the world is the United States of America. However, this pandemic and the lockdowns have caused a significant impact on the chemical industry. So, in this blog. we’ll know what are the largest chemical industries?
Chemical businesses have addressed the pandemic by emphasizing cost control, production performance, and resource optimization. But as the world is opening up getting back to its feet, so is the chemical industry. If you are interested in knowing more about this industry, you have come to the right place. In this article, we are going to explore the various aspects of this industry.
Importance of Chemical Industry
Chemical industries play a vital role in the advancement of society. How may you ask? Yes, we are going to answer your questions. The taste of the food, the clothes, the feel of our garments, and the world seem to appear are all controlled by chemistry. So, almost everything is governed by chemistry. We get energy from chemical interaction, and we use them to power our house, drive cars, etc. But can we convert these chemicals into valuable materials? No, that is what the chemical industries do.
The chemical industry creates thousands of different goods that both individuals and businesses use. The chemical manufacturing sector plays a critical role in long-term growth and contributes to the GDP of any country. Millions of people are employed by the chemical manufacturing industry. The chemical field has played an essential role in the development, and its outputs have influenced various fields, including farming, hygiene, cuisine, art, and hydrocarbon.
So, let us look one-by-one at the importance of the chemical industry:
- Plastics and polymers are the most manufactured outputs of the chemical industry; we use them every day. They are used in furniture, clothing, wiring, electronics, etc. The list is very long; we can go long and long. If there is no chemical industry, imagine how complex our lives would be.
- We all know the importance of food. Of course, we know, they are vital for our survival. But how do chemicals and food-related? Let us tell you that chemicals play a significant part in the food we eat. There are flavors, preservatives which increases the lives of our food; all comes from chemical. The preservative improves our quality of food, but it also made it possible to transfer the food worldwide. The person sitting in a town in America can order food from another country without getting it spoiled.
- Talking about food, agriculture, farming is the reason we have food on our plates. Farmers grow crops, but there are difficulties too. There are some insects, weeds, etc., that can destroy the harvest. But then there is a savior, and that is the chemical industry. They provide pesticides and fertilizers that help in agriculture development. You know, with the introduction of these fertilizers, the green revolution got its pace. Fertilizers and insecticides improve crop output while also protecting it from pests and diseases. The chemical sector can help the world flourish in a more environmentally friendly manner.
- We have got food which gives us life now it is time to look at what saves our life: our pharma industry. The drugs that save our lives what are? They are a combination of chemicals. Chemicals are used to make life-saving drugs. There are several laboratories where our scientists are working hard to form new drugs that can aid in various illnesses.
- Toiletries such as soaps, perfumes, and deodorants are personal things that we use daily. They are made up of chemicals. Another day to day use products such as detergent, mosquitoes repellent, etc. they are all the products of the chemical industry. These are essential elements for which we will never make a compromise.
From luxury products today to valuable day products, we have seen that they almost come from the chemical industry. So, there is no doubt about the importance of this field. The food we eat, the clothes we wear, perfumes, soaps, etc., are the industry’s products. Also, while talking about the importance, we should not forget the employment it provides. Since it’s a large-scale industry, it is also responsible for the work of several people.
Now it is time to take a look at some of the largest chemical companies around the world. Here we will look at the top 10 chemical industries at present.
Top Chemical Industries
BASF SE is the world’s largest chemical producer and a German chemical corporation. It was founded in 1865, with its headquarters situated in Ludwigshafen, Germany. Many minor firms and endeavors are part of BASF. The corporation has 390 production plants in 80 countries. The company is expanding, and that guarantees a promising future. One interesting fact is that for a straight 12 years, this chemical production company was the world’s top chemical company. Chemicals, performance goods, plastics, functional solutions, biotechnology, biotechnology, gas, oil are among BASF’s present business units.
- DuPont de Nemours, Inc.
E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company and Dow Chemical merged to establish DuPont de Nemours, Inc., which is generally referred to as DuPont. It was founded in 2017 with Willington, Delaware, as its headquarters. Since its separation from DowDuPont, the company has changed its advertising and marketing to build a fresh brand that is substantially different. DowDupont was separated into three companies with an emphasis on agricultural (Corteva), specialty products (Dow Inc.), and materials science (Dow Inc.).
- China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation (Sinopec)
It’s a Beijing-based Chinese oil and gas company that was founded in 2000. It is trading in Hong Kong, Shanghai, and New York. COVID recently caught the corporation off guard because the majority of its operations are headquartered in China. They mostly recover as chemical compounds became increasingly required in manufacturing. Sinopec produces organic chemicals, polymer, synthetic resins, fiber, rubber, chemical fertilizer, and synthetic fiber monomer. However, they work in other compounds also. It also uses waste vegetable oil to make ethanol and various biofuels like green jet fuel and biodiesel.
SABIC (Saudi Basic Industries Corporation) is a global chemical manufacturing company headquartered in Saudi Arabia, founded in 1976. It is also a subsidiary of Saudi Aramco, the oil and gas business owned by the state. Chemical fertilizers, chemicals, petrochemicals, metal products, and industrial polymers are among the company’s most well-known products. It is Saudi Arabia’s and the Middle east’s second-largest public corporation. In addition, SABIC is the world’s third-largest producer of polyethylene, the fourth-largest producer of polypropylene., and the fourth-largest producer of polyolefins.
- DOW Chemical Company
TDCC or The Dow Chemical Company is an American global chemical firm with its headquarters in Midland, Michigan. Agricultural products, chemicals, and plastics are among DOW’s most well-known products. This American company operates in thirty-one countries worldwide. And it employs around thirty-seven thousand people. However, rather than selling directly to end-user consumers, it sells to other industries.
- INEOS Group Limited
It is situated in the United Kingdom, founded in 1998 with its headquarters in London. It is divided into roughly 20 separate business groups; each has a board of directors, operating almost entirely independently. INEOS employs around twenty-six thousand people. It specializes in chemical products, plastics manufacture, and petrochemicals.
- Formosa Plastics
FPC or Formosa Plastics Corporation is a plastics manufacturer based in Taiwan, founded in 1954. polyvinyl resins, olefins, ethylene dichloride, suspension and dispersion PVS, polyethylene, polypropylene, and caustic soda are among the products it produces and sells. FPC owns and operates several subsidiaries in Taiwan, which it shares with other Formosa Plastics Group companies.
- ExxonMobil Chemical
Exxon Mobil Corporation, also known as ExxonMobil, is a multinational oil and gas company founded in 1999, based in Texas. ExxonMobil is most known for its natural gas and oil, but they also have a sizable chemical division. ExxonMobil’s initiatives in this chemical industry position them as a prominent participant in both chemical manufacturing and raw material source. They work on a variety of different projects. Olefins, polyethylene, ethylene glycol, elastomers, polypropylene, adhesive resins, plasticizers, process fluids, solvents, and oxo alcohols are among the products they produce.
ExxonMobil Chemical is a market leader in several high-volume, high-growth petrochemical and chemical products. The corporation has manufacturing capability throughout every significant region of the world, allowing it to serve huge and rising markets. In addition, ExxonMobil’s natural gas plants or refineries account for more than that of the corporation’s chemical output.
- LG Chemical
LG Chemical is the largest Korean chemical corporation, with headquarters in Seoul, South Korea. It was founded in 1947. LG Chemical’s chemicals, raw materials, energy solutions, IT and electronic materials, and products have been enormously successful. It started as the Lucky Chemical Industrial Corporation, a cosmetics manufacturer. It is currently entirely focused on B2B, business-to-business transactions. Their concentration on technology items has allowed them to keep ahead of the competition and maintain credibility. It has eight plants in South Korea and has 29 commercial sites throughout fifteen countries.
- Mitsubishi Chemical
It is headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings arose from the combination of Mitsubishi Pharma Corporation and Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation in 2005. MC Research and Innovation, Mitsubishi Chemical Performance Polymers, and Mitsubishi Chemical FP are among the corporation’s several branches.
The Future of the Chemical Industry
The chemical business is undergoing a massive transformation, from innovative process technology to environmentally friendly chemical practices. There are several changes taking place in the world that affects the chemical industry. The transformation is proven to be necessary, and it’s projected to bring enormous, largely untapped new prospects to help organizations enhance productivity and build new systems and services.
It is expected that in the future, the world will move towards a healthier and wealthier society. It will bring new potential for the sector and provide apparent obstacles, such as power consumption, to expand while finding innovative ways to minimize environmental emissions.
Some trends will define this industry in the future:
- Sustainability: Climate change, global warming, water scarcity, biodiversity loss, and other issues have stemmed from the rapidly growing human activity. Global warming is not a new scenario; we have seen it for years; the earth is getting hotter every day, changes in weather, etc. To reduce this, the world needs to reduce its C02 emission. SO, the chemical industry has to find a way to work in such a manner to be sustainable and helpful. The world is becoming more aware of the environmental complications caused by these industries, and it is pushing towards a viable solution. They have to find a way which can facilitate this existence sustainability. Hopefully, we will see it in the coming steps. Several steps are already being taken.
- Acquisitions and mergers are joint in the business world; the same goes for the chemical industry. Over the years, we have seen mergers happening in the chemical field, which will change the future scene. Significant acquisitions are reshaping the sector’s highest echelons, a point that hasn’t gone unnoticed by regulatory agencies.
- A change in the regulatory landscape: Chemical regulations are being rewritten by countries and regulatory agencies worldwide. These improvements could presage a form of diplomacy between the agencies and the chemical industry.
- North America has seen a surge in investments in chemical companies. The power of the global market and favorable policy and legal frameworks in America with substantial chemical manufacturing divisions have contributed to this expansion.
- As the world is transforming into more advanced technology, the chemical industry is also forced to up its game.
Implementing modern technology can result in increased efficiency, safety, dependability, and cost savings for the producer. These changes also open the door to business structures that might bring chemical makers closer to their customers and suppliers. Various operational automation may be possible due to technological advancements, and chemical businesses’ perceptions of difficulty, scope, and in-house and outsourced administrative duties may alter.
The evolution it is undergoing will steadily increase, and it will ultimately profoundly alter the way it’s done. Chemical businesses must remain vigilant and informed about these advances.
In this article, we have seen the various aspects of the chemical industries. What are they, why are they essential, top companies, and the future of this field. There is no doubt that chemical industries play a vital role in everyday life, but there are some controversies. For example, we can see in the news the spilling of oil or dumping of waste materials in the sea; that disturbs nature. So, there are two faces of a coin.
We have to take a look at both of them. Although they help us and make our lives easy, we should also never ignore the environmental aspect. So, it is up to the chemical industries to take some sustainable steps to provide the services and not destruct nature. We can hope this will be the future. | <urn:uuid:232236f0-1c9c-4ba3-b490-141d1d0701ed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://howigotjob.com/articles/largest-chemical-industries/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.951071 | 2,913 | 2.90625 | 3 |
CASA Working Paper 123
1 September 2007
The Repast Simulation/Modelling System for Geospatial Simulation
The use of simulation/modelling systems can simplify the implementation of agent-based models. Repast is one of the few simulation/modelling software systems that supports the integration of geospatial data especially that of vector-based geometries. This paper provides details about Repast specifically an overview, including its different development languages available to develop agent-based models.
Before describing Repast's core functionality and how models can be developed within it, specific emphasis will be placed on its ability to represent dynamics and incorporate geographical information. Once these elements of the system have been covered, a diverse list of Agent-Based Modelling (ABM) applications using Repast will be presented with particular emphasis on spatial applications utilizing Repast, in particular, those that utilize geospatial data.
This working paper is available as a PDF. The file size is 739KB.
Authors: Andrew Crooks
Publication Date: 1/9/2007 | <urn:uuid:6cfcae2c-3510-449f-9f33-b793264a316e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ucl.ac.uk/bartlett/casa/publications/2007/sep/casa-working-paper-123 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.88011 | 218 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Economics, Healthcare, Politics, Germany, United States, United Kingdom
This thesis is a microeconomic market analysis of healthcare systems. Different countries use various forms for financing and providing healthcare, and the effects of market forces on the quality, access and economic efficiency of these divergent healthcare markets is the primary subject. The purpose of this thesis is to describe the forces working in the healthcare market. Free-market healthcare systems allow medical providers to become price-setters. Price-setting by medical providers creates an economically inefficient system which decreases public access to healthcare but creates a high quality system. Single-payer systems make government the price-setter which creates a system in which medical providers are price-takers. Government price-setting guarantees access but quality and economic efficiency vary drastically between countries. Universal single-payer systems tend to set prices higher than the theoretically necessary price which creates a high quality, economically inefficient system. Socialized single-payer systems tend to set prices lower than the theoretically necessary price which creates government savings, wait-lists and poorer quality. The quality, economic efficiency, and equity of the healthcare system are determined by the form of the market used in the country. Ultimately, this market determines price. In a free-market system price is determined by providers of healthcare, in a socialized market price is determined by government, and in a universal healthcare system price is negotiated by both healthcare providers and government. Price negotiation in a universal system creates the greatest access to healthcare, and quality of healthcare. Socialized systems can be more economically efficient than a universal system, but quality and access can be limited. Price negotiation in a universal healthcare system fixes the problems of price negotiation inherent in the healthcare market.
If this is your thesis or dissertation, and want to learn how to access it or for more information about readership statistics, contact us at firstname.lastname@example.org
Master of Arts (M.A.)
College of Sciences
Length of Campus-only Access
Masters Thesis (Open Access)
Helligso, Jesse, "A Microeconomic Model Of Healthcare Systems: From Theoretical To Practical" (2007). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3198.
Restricted to the UCF community until July 2008; it will then be open access. | <urn:uuid:136cde75-903b-4240-b80b-78be12506b77> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/3198/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.912678 | 589 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Scarlet’s Smile, a 501(c)3 organization with the mission of building a barrier-free all-inclusive playground, was named after Scarlet, a wonderful six-year-old who was diagnosed with SMA (Spinal Muscular Atrophy) at the age of eight months.
After visiting several playgrounds that segregated children with disabilities, it became the dream of Scarlet’s Smile to build a playground that all children, regardless of ability, could recreate equally and enjoy together for years to come.
Scarlet’s Park has been deeded property by Commerce Township in Dodge Park #5 in the shadows of the new Commerce Township Library. It will include a 18,000-square-foot barrier-free playground with a specialized rubberized surface to accommodate wheelchairs. The equipment will include double-wide ramps for easy passage of wheelchairs, shaded play decks and tunnels, zip lines, swings, sensory play equipment, teeter-totters, merry-go-rounds, climbing structures, special slides that don’t create static electricity, a learning wall with brail letters, an imagination table, and, per Scarlet’s request, a rocket ship and more! Phase II of this project will include a splash pad with changing rooms.
The playground will be surrounded with brick pavers and paved trails to accommodate wheelchairs so that families can be active in the park and hike through the beautiful wooded setting. Scarlet’s Park will include a picnic shelter for families to picnic together and enjoy a fun-filled day at the playground and library. In addition, families will enjoy beautiful raised butterfly gardens surrounded by park benches. This will be a destination for families, school field trips, and summer campers. Clearing of the land for Phase I will begin in early 2018.
Playgrounds of this magnitude are very expensive and we need your help. Donations of any size are needed to make this dream become a reality. Please consider becoming a friend of Scarlet’s Playground.
August 2019 Playground Updates!
August 9, 2019
Playground equipment begins to arrive
We are so excited!
August 9, 2019
Ideal Construction checking the footings and pouring the concrete! Thank you Chris, Jason and Brad!
August 6, 2019
Ideal Construction bringing stored pieces of equipment from Penchura in Brighton. | <urn:uuid:524970af-70df-409f-9398-6d7410991002> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scarletssmile.org/our-playground/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.93433 | 488 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Down through the ages, land ownership has been synonymous with permanence, stability, and substance. Buying a piece of property also carried a measure of “belonging” since owners are automatically deemed to be members of the community (their tax bills prove that)!
The feeling of substantiality that goes with owning a parcel of land is part of its appeal—hence, the real that is part of our expression for land and buildings: “real estate.” Land ownership is about as real as anything can get, all right—except that now, that may be another thing that’s changing. The exception that has emerged is a kind of real estate that’s the opposite of real. It’s virtual.
Get what you want by knowing what to say!
The New York Times recently explored the phenomenon in an article titled “The Curious World of NFT Real Estate and Design.” To appreciate what could be called “unreal real estate,” just realize that in 2021, one company—Superworld—has sold thousands of virtual properties, racking up average sales of around $2,000 each.
Superworld’s not-so-real estate offerings consist of 64 billion equal-sized plots that correspond to the surface of the actual Earth. Virtual visitors to its augmented reality globe can use their computer screens to roam the planet to visit and buy these “properties.” The Times reports that the first buyer to claim it could own “virtual land encompassing the Eiffel Tower…or prime commercial property in Lower Manhattan.” On the Superworld site, users “can buy and sell virtual real estate on the platform.” For the price-conscious, Superworld globe-trotters will find that prices are, at this early juncture, available at bargain prices—at least compared with corresponding parcels on the real Earth.
If this all seems completely unreal, there are real-world examples that demonstrate the opposite. You can investigate the “metaverse” and the world of “NFTs” (NonFungible Tokens) to find examples. This year, for instance, virtual artwork by Beeple (Mike Winkelman) sold for $3.5 million at an online auction held by Christie’s. With plots of unowned property in SuperWorld “listed” at 0.1 ETH (one-tenth of an Etherium bitcoin, currently worth about $170), the fact “that it doesn’t really exist” (the Times’ description) doesn’t seem to faze some buyers. | <urn:uuid:4393643d-46b8-4fe0-9c82-dab63597f3dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hometalkonline.com/home/virtual-real-estate-makes-a-weird-debut/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.944768 | 557 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Celebration, Elder Berries
Certified organic, 24 bags
The Elder is a legendary tree, considered magical and sacred in folklore and myths. Some herb manuals refer to it as the medicine chest of the country people.
The Elder tree produces creamy-white flowers in late spring which give way to bunches of juicy, purplish black berries in early autumn. Birds love Elderberries and will eat entire crops if given the opportunity, so harvesting must be done quickly.
Today, Elderberries are prized for making juice, pies, desserts and, of course, they make a great fruity tea, hot or cold. | <urn:uuid:5d2de471-c85b-4429-8a07-223ec1ebf150> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kinsellasimplyorganics.com/upcp_product/celebration-elder-berries/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.932443 | 132 | 2.09375 | 2 |
We report the first case of axonal Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) associated with axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). A 30-year-old Japanese man, who had suffered leg atrophy and foot deformity since childhood, developed acute weakness in his four limbs following an upper respiratory tract infection. Nerve conduction studies showed low compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitudes in all the nerves tested. Serial studies showed a rapid increase in CMAP amplitude, but no significant change in SNAP, which indicates that the acute event selectively involved motor axons and was superimposed on a baseline motor-sensory axonal neuropathy, probably CMT Type 2. Elevated serum IgG antibodies against GM1 and GM1b, an increase in CSF protein, and rapid clinical and electrophysiological recovery after plasma exchange support the diagnosis of a pure motor axonal form of GBS, acute motor axonal neuropathy. The association may be coincidental, but a particular susceptibility to axonal damage of CMT2 cannot be excluded. | <urn:uuid:c3da33fb-eb2a-4fb2-8a22-dda65f37cf22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12767505/?dopt=Abstract | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.922542 | 233 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Whenever you’re an undergraduate, graduate, or doctoral student within the field of study writing, you might come to understand that there are not many career opportunities for students in your program. This is not in any way unusual and it’s not a good sign.
There are a check spelling free number of pupils who might decide they would like to pursue a career in this region. However, the majority of pupils will probably go on to pursue careers in different areas. Research writing college grad needs to continue to do research, write and proofread for people, and stay as active as possible. Even though the field of business and law requires a certain degree of experience, there are many other graduate colleges which don’t need any previous grammar check experience.
Many graduate school graduates who want to go into research writing get frustrated because they don’t have work on graduation. If you find yourself in this circumstance, do not lose hope. You’re able to find work as a research paper writer.
The recent recession was a major blow to the United States market. Many financial institutions are forced to lay off many employees. But, there are many entrance positions available in this field.
A lot of people take the opportunity to write for books. In actuality, more books are looking for authors. If you’re very good at writing and research, you may even be asked to write a small article for a novel.
If you really would like to do anything with your life, you may choose to appear into entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is in fact a very rewarding and rewarding small business. If you choose to pursue this option, you will need to be sure you have the ideal knowledge and abilities.
With the demand for more professionals in the healthcare area, many small companies want to recruit healthcare workers who are new to the field. In case you’ve got great writing and study abilities, you may be the perfect candidate for this location. Do you think you may be one of the latest members of this healthcare area?
Whatever your goals, there’s a career for you. Even in the event that you have never thought about writing before, you might be interested in this field. All you will need to do is look around for opportunities and begin applying! | <urn:uuid:193f53ea-2869-413d-8cf7-467694a5113e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://concursoperiodistaescolar.com/research-paper-writers-can-be-in-need/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.973267 | 466 | 1.976563 | 2 |
How can you tap into your students’ writing talents? How can you get them to discover the expressive and narrative power of language in a fun way? Is it actually possible for them to write creatively if they don’t yet have a good command of the language? The answer is 'yes', definitely! What’s more, they learn a lot in the process.
In this NT2-Cahier Creatief schrijven, the authors share 20 inspiring activities for having fun with language and creative writing, with variations for adapting the assignments to the level of your students.
On the website www.nt2.nl you will find the useful worksheets that come with this cahier. You can use them again and again for the same assignments.
This book is part of the NT2-Cahiers series. This series forms a toolkit for (starting) NT2 teachers with which they can provide a professional approach to their everyday teaching practice. | <urn:uuid:c500fa1c-2075-4733-8eda-3b6b4437a272> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nt2.nl/en/100-214_Nederlands-als-tweede-taal-in-het-basisonderwijs/100-359_NT2-Cahier-Klassenmanagement/100-360_NT2-Cahier-Creatief-schrijven | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.932157 | 209 | 2.765625 | 3 |
The Food System Data Center combines an interactive mapping platform with information and data on local agriculture to tell the story of our local farm and food system. The project was developed by multiple public agencies and non-profit organizations committed to using data to better understand, analyze and measure the health and viability of our food system.
The King County Farm
and Food System Map
allows you to view spatial information in an interactive map. It is your window to a wealth of information on topics including farmland, soils, food production, and natural resources.
Food System Indicators allow us to track progress towards our goals under the Local Food Initiative and better inform the development of policy and funding decisions. By compiling and sharing those data we seek to improve the assessment, understanding, and collaboration of efforts to grow our local food system. | <urn:uuid:b8758047-10c9-42f0-9584-561eabc3be12> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.farmkingcounty.org/data-center/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.906703 | 162 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Cframe.model Roblox Model. local startPosition = Vector3new(0 10 0) create a simple rotated model at the startPosition local model = Instancenew(“Model” gameWorkspace) local part1 = Instancenew(“Part”) part1Size = Vector3new(4 4 4) part1CFrame = CFramenew(startPosition) part1Anchored = true part1BrickColor = BrickColornew(“Bright yellow”) part1Parent = model local part2 =.
Model Cframe Not Staying Up To Date Engine Bugs Devforum Roblox from Model CFrame not staying up-to-date …
In general ImportYour Roblox can incorporate blender modelsThis is an easy taskYou can find out more about this task here You can run To issues like the 10000 polygon limit issue it’s simple ToUse Blender’sBuilt in tools like Decimate ToQuickly fix your Model.
How To Create A Model In Roblox Thisisguernsey.com
If you want that to happen you should use this ModelSetPrimaryPartCFrame (ModelPrimaryPartCFrame * CFramenew (put here the offset)*CFrameAngles (0mathrad (the rotation in degrees)0)) r/roblox Roblox is a game creation platform/game engine that allows users to design their own games and play a wide variety of different types of games.
Markov model Wikipedia
In probability theory a Markov model is a stochastic model used to model pseudorandomly changing systems It is assumed that future states depend only on the current state not on the events that occurred before it (that is it assumes the Markov property)Generally this assumption enables reasoning and computation with the model that would otherwise be intractable.
Now i have tried basically setting Position of model to player position and turning it by multiplying with CFrameAngles(0mathrad(1)dt10000) this works but does not take the merged parts with In order to move all together documentation says i.
Model Cframe Not Staying Up To Date Engine Bugs Devforum Roblox
Roblox CFrame Simplified Tandem Coder
How to rotate an entire model? Scripting Roblox
r/roblox Is it possible to CFrame orbit a model so that
Roblox 3D models Sketchfab
Amazon.com: Roblox Celebrity Collection Top Runway Model
How to move a model to a CFrame? Roblox
Problems with Model:SetPrimaryPartCFrame : robloxgamedev
How to turn and move at the same time CFrame of Roblox object
Roblox a model smoothly How to move using cframe?
Model GitHub Pages
A lua script on roblox that moves a model upwards? Stack
Problems with ModelSetPrimaryPartCFrame For some reason that I don’t understand changing object rotation with objectCFrame = CFrameAngles (mathrad (X)mathrad (Y + 1)mathrad (Z)) messes up the rotation completely it’s almost like it doesn’t even follow the given XYZ while using objectOrientation = Vector3new (X Y + 1 Z. | <urn:uuid:aa30b8f5-4caf-47b3-b504-a43592a7ccf9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ij-ee.org/cframe-model-roblox-model/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.765183 | 722 | 1.945313 | 2 |
An early morning trip north, yielded a few surprises – It can snow in May in MN! Ice pellets and snow flakes dotted the semi blue and grey sky above the tallest of the pine trees. Meanwhile, our clothing was being attacked by deer and wood ticks. We recorded the first snow fall in October and now May marks the 8th month we have had some snow.
As I have gotten a few years older, my favorite season has shifted from fall to winter, much to the dismay of everyone else who reminds me that summer is slowly becoming a season of two months.
Winter is the season of awareness. It is when everything becomes brighter, and the true self and being emerge or are revealed. It is the season where we turn inward, to look for warmth and comfort within. We become more aware, with sharper senses, we see the outlines of trees against the blue backgrounds; we see the moose tracks carrying further and deeper into the woods; we realize the quite solitude of mountain peaks overlooking valleys and the distant howl of coyote or the growl of a circling raven.
Winter reveals more of the delicate balance of animals, vegetation, humans, and role each of us play. Survival instincts become second-nature, and beings rely more on themselves to emerge on the other side of the mountain pass. | <urn:uuid:dea19fcf-3fc1-40bf-8a51-81fde265fb48> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://williamricci.com/2013/05/11/winter-forever/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.971436 | 265 | 1.523438 | 2 |
The South Korean President's Diplomatic Dilemma
DAVID GREENE, HOST:
Two months ago, after the big summit in Singapore, President Trump declared the nuclear threat from North Korea was over. Well, not anymore. On Friday, Trump canceled a trip by Secretary of State Mike Pompeo to the North, saying not enough progress had been made in achieving denuclearization. But this leaves South Korea's president in a really tricky place as NPR's Michael Sullivan reports.
MICHAEL SULLIVAN, BYLINE: President Moon Jae-in has tirelessly promoted improving inter-Korean ties and boosting economic cooperation with the North since he was elected just over a year ago, a man who has held two summits with North Korea's Kim Jong Un and has another planned in Pyongyang in September. But all that was before the North's negotiations with the U.S. apparently stalled last week.
BALBINA HWANG: President Moon has a very, very risky job ahead of him. And September is going to be quite a remarkable month.
SULLIVAN: That's Balbina Hwang, a visiting professor at Georgetown University, who says President Moon is all-in in his desire to, in his words, be in the driver's seat in bringing peace to the Korean Peninsula - a president whose popularity is waning and needs a win.
HWANG: This is a remarkably risky gamble for President Moon, and I think he's about to stake his entire presidency in South Korea on this. He's also put himself on a one-way road heading towards a cliff. And I think he's basically decided there's no turning back.
GREENE: And says, Jiyoon Kim, a senior research fellow at the Asan Institute for Policy Studies in Seoul, Moon could play an important role as a mediator when he goes to Pyongyang.
JIYOON KIM: Moon is the only person who can, you know, send out the message to the other side - to both sides and to persuade Chairman Kim that, you know, the regime is not going to be demolished and there is some way to do some negotiation and to resolve such a deadlocked situation.
BONG YOUNGSHIK: It's a high-risk, high-return opportunity for President Moon Jae-in.
SULLIVAN: That's Dr. Bong Youngshik, a research fellow at Yonsei University's Institute for North Korean Studies in Seoul. He says Moon can either fail to win any concessions from either side and lose all credibility. Or Bong says, he could work some magic.
BONG: Like the official declaration of the end of the Korean War by the Trump administration, in return for, for instance, the list of nuclear materials and facilities, warheads produced and maintained by Pyongyang. Then, it's a win-win situation for Pyongyang and Washington. And the claim that you can trust South Korea as a effective mediator will gain credence.
SULLIVAN: That's if the U.S. is willing to make such a deal. Until now, it's insisted on the North providing that list before discussing an end to the war or the easing of sanctions, something Pyongyang has characterized as gangster-like demands.
KIM: I think North Korea has to blink...
SULLIVAN: The Asan Institute's Jiyoon Kim.
KIM: ...Because they are in a dire situation.
SULLIVAN: Sanctions are biting?
KIM: Yeah. It is hurting their economy. They are very desperate.
SULLIVAN: And maybe caught a little off guard by a very unconventional U.S. president.
BONG: For the first time in the entire history of North Korean nuclear crisis, unpredictability of the situation actually favors the United States, not North Korea.
SULLIVAN: Yonsei University's Bong Youngshik.
BONG: Unpredictability and uncertainty used to be the most favorite weapons for North Koreans in dealing with the United States and other countries. But this time, North Koreans have to worry about what the next move might be made by the Trump administration of the United States.
SULLIVAN: Michael Sullivan, NPR News, Seoul.
(SOUNDBITE OF EDAMAME FEAT. EMANCIPATOR'S "PASSIM")
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR’s programming is the audio record. | <urn:uuid:ba041cd8-95f2-40ab-a7f8-5e8290d08aeb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.npr.org/2018/08/30/643218397/the-south-korean-presidents-diplomatic-dilemma?ft=nprml&f=643218397 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.955142 | 961 | 1.648438 | 2 |
“We urge the Rada to consider a wide range of candidates and to consult closely with civil society, postponing the formal parliamentary vote if necessary," said Marc Behrendt, director of the organization's Eurasia programs.
“The institution of the Ombudsman has significantly contributed to improving human rights in Ukraine and deserves a careful, open selection process. To be effective, the institution should be politically independent, have a formal mandate from the Rada, and the support and participation of civil society,” he said.
Read alsoOmbudswoman's Office appeals to Russia to extradite Ukrainian convict from CrimeaThe Ombudsman, formally known as the Ukrainian Parliament Commissioner for Human Rights, is selected by Ukraine’s parliament. The Human Rights Agenda, a coalition of Ukrainian human rights organizations, called for an open selection process and also suggested four candidates for the post. However, on May 24 the Rada human rights committee is scheduled to consider three candidates selected without consultation with civil society, potentially compromising the ombudsman's independence.
Read alsoRussian repression against Crimean Tatars new "despicably disguised" deportation: PoroshenkoUkraine is rated Partly Free in Freedom in the World 2017, Partly Free in Freedom of the Press 2017, Partly Free in Freedom on the Net 2016, and receives a democracy score of 4.61, on a scale of 1 to 7, with 7 as the worst possible score, in Nations in Transit 2017. | <urn:uuid:9dbd3b16-1b9c-47cb-beba-793bd5e609ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.unian.info/society/1936814-freedom-house-calls-on-rada-to-consult-with-civil-society-before-choosing-ombudsman.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.934429 | 296 | 1.671875 | 2 |
5th Semester Syllabus of 3 Years Diploma in Jharkhand. The Jharkhand University of Technology (JUT) issues this syllabus. Students studying at Polytechnic Colleges of Jharkhand affiliated with JUT must follow this syllabus.
Inplant Training of 04 weeks duration to be undertaken after 4th-semester Exam and before the start of 5th-semester classes.
5th Semester Syllabus Jharkhand Polytechnic
|4||Computer Science Engineering||Syllabus|
|5||Electrical & Electronics Engineering||Syllabus|
|7||Electronics & Communication Engineering||Syllabus|
|10||Mechanical Engineering Automobile||Syllabus|
|12||Mining 3rd Year||Syllabus|
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5th Semester is part of the last year of Jharkhand Polytechnic. Final Marksheet of Diploma presents the result and marks of the last two semesters i.e 5th and 6th semester.
Students must score good marks to maintain a good average on the final mark sheet of a 3-year diploma in the Jharkhand Polytechnic.
For college placements, most companies prefer students to have a higher percentage in the semesters. They generally invite students to have at least 60% results in their previous semester if the company reached during last year. | <urn:uuid:ba48b3b7-f85b-4f00-8a58-e4029852953c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://polytechnicwalle.com/5th-semester-syllabus-jharkhand-polytechnic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.824676 | 511 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Incorporation of L-[3H]fucose into glycoproteins was studied in R2, the giant neuron in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia. [3H]fucose injected directly into the cell body of R2 was readily incorporated into glycoproteins which, as shown by autoradiography, were confined almost entirely to the injected neuron. Within 4 h after injection, 67% of the radioactivity in R2 had been incorporated into glycoproteins; at least 95% of these could be sedimented by centrifugation at 105,000 g, suggesting that they are associated with membranes. Extraction of the particulate fraction with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), followed by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in SDS revealed the presence of only five major radioactive glycoprotein components which ranged in apparent molecular weight from 100,000 to 200,000 daltons. Similar results were obtained after intrasomatic injection of [3H]N-acetylgalactosamine. Mild acid hydrolysis of particulate fractions released all of the radioactivity in the form of fucose. When ganglia were incubated in the presence of [3H]fucose, radioactivity was preferentially incorporated into glial cells and connective tissue. In contrast to the relatively simple electrophoretic patterns obtained from cells injected with [3H]fucose, gel profiles of particulate fractions labeled with [14C]valine were much more complex.
SYNTHESIS OF GLYCOPROTEINS IN A SINGLE IDENTIFIED NEURON OF APLYSIA CALIFORNICA
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Richard T. Ambron, James E. Goldman, Elizabeth Barnes Thompson, James H. Schwartz; SYNTHESIS OF GLYCOPROTEINS IN A SINGLE IDENTIFIED NEURON OF APLYSIA CALIFORNICA . J Cell Biol 1 June 1974; 61 (3): 649–664. doi: https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.61.3.649
Download citation file: | <urn:uuid:b2dc58fb-68c4-4495-a111-40d0d4a8e3c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rupress.org/jcb/article/61/3/649/1975/SYNTHESIS-OF-GLYCOPROTEINS-IN-A-SINGLE-IDENTIFIED | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.914595 | 484 | 1.757813 | 2 |
A Brand New Planet Hunters
On December 16, 2010, the Zooniverse launched Planet Hunters to enlist the public’s help to search for extrasolar planets (exoplanets) in the data from NASA’s Kepler spacecraft. Back then we didn’t know what we would find. It may have been the case that no new planets were discovered and that computers had the job down to a fine art. The project was a gamble on the ability of human pattern recognition to beat machines just occasionally and spot the telltale dip in a star’s brightness due to a transiting planet that was missed by automated routines looking for repeating patterns.
Nearly four years later, Planet Hunters has become a success beyond anyone’s expectation. To date 8 published scientific papers have resulted from the efforts of nearly 300,000 volunteers worldwide. Planet Hunters has discovered 9 planet candidate co-discoveries with the Kepler effort, over 30 unknown planet candidates not previously identified by the Kepler team, a confirmed transiting circumbinary planet in a quadruple star system (PH1b), a confirmed Jupiter-sized planet in the habitable zone of a Sun-like star (PH2b), and identified the 7th planet candidate of a 7 planet star system.
Today in collaboration with JPL’s PlanetQuest, the Planet Hunters science team and the Zooniverse are proud to announce the launch of Planet Hunters version 2.0. We’ve taken your feedback and the lessons learned over the past 3.5 years to build a fast new interface that we think will take the project to the next stage. Using the Zooniverse’s latest technology, Planet Hunters 2.0 is built specifically with the next generation of transiting exoplanet surveys in mind, including the new K2 mission, which repurposes the Kepler spacecraft.
Kepler had been monitoring ~170,000 stars for the signatures of transiting exoplanets over the past 4 years in the Kepler field located in the constellations of Cygnus and Lyra. The new-two wheel Kepler mission dubbed ‘K2‘ will have Kepler observing brand new sets of 10,000-20,000 stars every 75 days. These stars are different from the sources that Kepler had been monitoring in the past. Your eyes will be one of the first to gaze upon these observations. Most of the K2 target stars will have never before been searched for planets, providing a new opportunity to find distant worlds. K2 observations will be made available by NASA and the Kepler team to the entire astronomical community and the public shortly after being transmitted to Earth and processed. We aim to get them on Planet Hunters 2.0 as fast as we can.
We think that Planet Hunters 2.0 will play a key role for finding extrasolar planets in the age of K2, and we have built a site we think can deliver the best science and find interesting planets with your help. We aim for rapid identification and dissemination of planet candidates discovered by Planet Hunters in the K2 era. You’ll hear more about additional new features and tools built into Planet Hunters 2.0 for analyzing K2 light curves closer to the release of the first K2 engineering observations sometime this month.
We also know there is much interesting and valuable science left to do with the Kepler field data. Much of the four years of Kepler field data has not been searched by the original Planet Hunters, and there may very likely be planets lurking in the light curves missed by the computers waiting for you discover. The new Planet Hunters will start by focusing all 17 quarters of observations on a subset of the Kepler field stars starting with cool M dwarf stars, the most common star in the Galaxy. We’ll use the classifications from these select set of stars from the original Kepler mission as well the new K2 observations to study the variety of planetary systems and their frequencies.
You’ll hear more about the science goals of Planet Hunters 2.0 and new functionality, tools, and guides built into the website in the coming days and weeks. We’re excited about this new phase of the project, and we hope you are as well. We don’t know what we’ll find, but with your help, we can’t wait to find out! Whether you’re new to the project or a seasoned veteran, with the new and improved Planet Hunters you can search for planets around other stars like never before.
It’s just possible that you might be the first to know that a star somewhere out there in the Milky Way has a companion, just as our Sun does.
Fancy giving it’s a try? | <urn:uuid:394672b2-b85d-445b-ba95-a0869440aa53> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.planethunters.org/2014/09/18/a-brand-new-planet-hunters/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.931919 | 959 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Operating on a financial level wholly out of kilter with the rest of the football world became standard practice for the Italian game from back in the 1930s. Huge piles of cash sloshed round the game for decades, but it was the period between 1955 and 1970 that saw the sheer economic scale of the Italian game accelerate at a huge rate with transfer fees, wages and gate receipts all growing at barely credible rates. BTLM looks at how the financial rewards for the top players and managers exploded during this era.
Player salaries at the top end of the Italian game rose by 500% over 15 years. With Juventus and Inter ready to make him the world’s first million pound player if contract negotiations faltered, Cagliari were forced to give star striker Gigi Riva,a huge new pay deal after he had inspired the club’s first and only Serie A success in 1970.
His £60,000 contract was structured in the typical manner of most Italian deals at the time. It consisted of three elements: a peppercorn monthly salary, a large signing-on fee and a fidelity, or loyalty bonus paid over the duration of the deal. Match win bonuses were a separate component. It was estimated that his contract was of similar value to Pelé’s most recent deal at Santos, although the Brazilian made much more from other commercial activities. Whilst Santos made fortunes as an endlessly touring circus with Pelé as their ringmaster, Cagliari did not have anywhere near the same glamorous appeal. Club turnover was around £400,000 in their scudetto-winning year meaning that by the time you factored in additional bonuses, around 20% of their income was going straight to their star-striker.
Let’s put these figures in some sort of contemporary and historical context: Lionel Messi is currently the world’s highest paid player earning a club salary in the region of $80 million each year. With Barcelona announcing a turnover in 2018 that exceeded a billion euros for the first time, Messi’s considerable salary represents just 7% of that total. Comparing Riva’s vast remuneration with English wages in 1970; Bobby Moore and George Best were England’s best paid players on deals worth around £25,000 per season. Peter Shilton would be the first footballer in England to earn anywhere near close to the value of Riva’s contract when he became the League’s first £1,000 per week player while at Nottingham Forest – nine full years later.
Helenio Herrera was almost single-handedly responsible for the 1000% managerial wage inflation during the period and you could probably argue that his unerring ability to outwit and out-negotiate directors was even greater than his talent for winning trophies. The time he spent in charge of Roma was no great success and yet he was being paid a salary similar to Riva’s playing contract and double the wage of any other manager in the world. Other top Italian managers were paid in the £25,000 to £40,000 range. For managers in England and most other major European footballing nations, £10,000 was considered a good salary – especially when the average working wage in the UK was just £1,500 per annum.
The most sobering, if least surprising figure in the Italian game of 1970 was the estimated indebtedness of football as a whole. After years of unsustainable spending, debt had reached a heady total of £9 million – or £130 million in today’s money. This perhaps doesn’t seem excessive when set against the astronomical debts carried in Serie A in modern times, but this was back in an age when the sport, even in Italy, was massively undercapitalised compared with now. That debt represented more than two years worth of turnover for all Serie A clubs combined. | <urn:uuid:4eccfbb6-135e-4c41-9b6b-8571602ae06c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beyondthelastman.com/2019/05/23/a-salary-of-stars-serie-a-1955-70/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.983604 | 795 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Petronas - the global oil and gas company. Since its foundation in 1974, it has business interests in 35 countries
Mobile employee concept
- When did you start implementing IoT technology in Petronas?
- In refineries digitaltechnology has been around for quite some time. PLC (programmable logic controller - "High Tech"), DCS (distributed control systems - "High Tech") - all this is also digital technology. Different sensors that measure, for example, pressure - they existed before us. Our task now is to focus and make efforts to improve our systems. Where we see problems, the IT team comes with the right software — for example, for predictions. With the help of incoming data, it is possible to build an early warning system and improve plants, therefore, to be more competitive.
- Now you mainly use IoT technologies for predictions based on the collected data?
- There are two parts. The first is the automation of repetitive tasks and processes. When the operator checks the equipment, he does the routine work and writes all the data into his notebook. This data may be lost. We provide them with a digital platform to use laptops for entering data. All this data is immediately transferred to a centralized database. So the information is not lost, then it can be analyzed. Technicians write reports on portable devices, engineers analyze information, deal with necessary corrections. So we reduce the share of routine work and increase the efficiency of plants.
All information about spare parts, all problems -This is in portable devices. Employees can request the necessary details by their phone number. And the repair will be extremely fast. There you can even find the necessary instructions for repair procedures. We call it a mobile employee.
We also do predictive maintenance. Some equipment may fail, and there will be nothing critical in this. It is simply repaired, since it does not affect the operation of the entire plant. But you can't do that with critical equipment, you need a strategy. Certain equipment must be turned off after 8 thousand hours of work and inspect. But using predictive analytics, we can monitor the condition of the equipment and extend its operation time for a certain number of hours. So you can save a lot of money.
"The companies that do not have IoT, there is no data"
- How many factories do you have around the world?
- It is difficult to remember a specific figure, from 30 to 50.
- Plants differ from each other in terms of technology used?
- Some plants are far ahead, somefar behind. We are looking for best practices and transfer them to old plants. Now we have a single digital strategy. There are digital strategy leaders from IT and IoT - together they find solutions that will take the company to a new level. Based on this strategy, the head office will move towards the unity of digital systems.
- Do you have a single system for all data?
- Now we have a single digital PI systemOSIsoft. This is the platform into which all data is loaded from DCS (Distributed Control Systems - Hightech). Unfortunately, we do not have a single DCS standard. One plant can use Honeywell, the second - Yokogawa, the third - Foxboro. There are a lot of them. But data from different DCS comes in a single platform. With this data you can already do anything you want - predictions, adding artificial intelligence.
- Do you use AI and machine learning?
- Yes. For example, we use AI in our purchases. With it, we analyze the available inventory in warehouses, this allows us to optimize storage. Because warehouses are a lot of money. But based on the data, we can say what we need to store, and what we should not, and in what quantity. If someone says that you need to store spare parts for insurance, we show the data.
Data is a tool that allowsit is better for stakeholders to manage money. Those plants that do not have data do not have the opportunity to convince stakeholders to spend money at the right time on the right things when it is needed. Companies that do not have IoT, there is no data. If you do not have data, how will you convince the stakeholders?
For example, for a new plant, we have joined forceswith the Saudi company Aramco. This is a project in Pengerang, Malaysia. Production - 300 thousand barrels per day. We need to provide them with data so that they see efficiency. If I were a stakeholder, I wouldn’t trust people, some distance is needed. I would need to look at the data and understand from them what is actually happening in the factory. I need safety, efficiency, and these values are based on data.
"If the work does not require people, we remove them"
- You have factories around the world. Is it equally easy to introduce new technologies everywhere?
- It is necessary to understand the local culture, and therefore, to do it in such a way that everyone is comfortable. Of course, in South Africa, for example, it is more difficult. In Malaysia is easier.
- How many sensors on average are involved in one plant?
- The number of sensors depends on the size of the plant. At a large plant there may be 50 thousand devices, on a small one - 10 thousand.
- What are the main functions of the sensors?
- They are needed for control and monitoring. Sensors measure everything - pressure, levels, temperature, flow. All these parameters must not exceed certain limits.
- The introduction of such a number of sensors is quite expensive. How quickly do the costs pay off?
- When we want to introduce something, we spendPayback calculations for each project. It usually takes one or two years. Yes, it is expensive, but wireless communication gave us the opportunity to greatly reduce costs. Laying cables is very expensive, and today we can use wireless gas detectors.
- If we talk about ecology, does the data somehow reduce emissions?
- On environmental issues we work together withDepartment of the Environment of Malaysia. We installed sensors that capture outliers. Since Malaysia launched the renewable energy act, we need to meet its requirements.
- Is it possible to strive for clean energy, working in the oil and gas industry?
- We must try to find a balance. I can not comment more on this.
- What will be the future of the industry? Will people stay at the factories at all?
- People are needed. But the number of people can be optimized. Petronas is reviewing traditional processes, and if people are needed in them, let them remain. If the work does not require people, we remove them. It depends on the specific process. | <urn:uuid:832eb867-e01f-45e1-8f03-c0199319588b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://geektech.me/sharul-rashid-petronas-if-the-work-does-not-require-people-we-remove-them/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.943674 | 1,392 | 1.71875 | 2 |
A joint letter from five Archbishops should be a thunderous moral pronouncement, but instead it was a string of worn clichés and basic errors, factual and political, which exposed them all to ridicule. This does not assist the mission of the Church.
Led into a new Babylonish Captivity of the Church, a profound reformation may be needed to rescue the Body of Christ from its misled leaders. It is not the ill-considered letter itself which provokes such consideration, but what it demonstrates about the mindset which has come to captivate those entrusted with authority, when seen along with the actual moral questions which year by year they refuse to address.
It was not to The Times that they wrote but to a formerly respected publication, the Pink ‘Un. There the respected Archbishops of the Church of England, Church of Ireland and Church in Wales, and the president of the formerly Christian episcopal church in Scotland, all thundered like mice.
There is a difficulty of where to start. It is appropriate for a prelate to prate on moral matters and on political issues where morality or theology is concerned, or to expound from his wisdom on subjects which lesser intellects may find too hard to grasp in the round. He is always prone to error, as are we all, which is why a collective letter by five minds is so solemn an undertaking, and such an step must always be undertaken with solemn consideration of all facts and arguments in a balanced manner; in failing to do so, all parties are discredited. It should not have been done.
We can leave assign the grating reference to “the four nations of the United Kingdom”, when for three hundred years we have surely been one nation. That is a common modern crassness. It is the substance that concerns me. They state boldly:
“The bill represents a profound shift in how trading relationships within the UK will be regulated and governed. This will not be a return to a trade regime that existed before UK joined the EU; it will be an entirely novel system, replacing one that evolved slowly and by careful negotiation over decades.”
This is plain falsehood. Over centuries there has been complete freedom of trade across the nation, and what is this “careful negotiation over decades”? Can they point to a single one affecting domestic trade within the nation? Surely this alone, as an allegation of fact, should have borne some examination?
For years we have been lectured by bishops on the moral necessity of unity and the avoidance of all division. Now it seems that they are demanding divisions in the nation. This is disquieting.
The answer to the mysterious mispronouncements may be hidden in plain sight: they have taken in the observations of the politicians in Holyrood and Cardiff Bay, and not subjected these to critical analysis. It affects they say “the principles and the effect of devolved policymaking”, but in no place does it withdraw power from these devolved bodies, as the powers in question hitherto resided in Brussels. Had they but read the material, this would have been clear, but by listening to the rhetoric of dishonest politicians they are willingly misled.
Then again, what business is it of the Archbishops to determine the exact powers given to different limbs of the state? If Westminster were to abolish the devolved assemblies and provide complete equality between all citizens, that is for Westminster to choose, and there is no moral position either way that concerns the clergy. Yet the politicking of local politicians has held them, but no representation from the government has. Why not, I do not know and would have to ask a bishop, if he will tell me.
There is a technical word for this behaviour: “prejudice”, which is to say in its proper sense prejudging an issue without balanced consideration. It is exactly what a senior clergyman should not do, and it is exactly what the modern spirit of confrontation encourages.
There are reasons this blog has recently carried articles quoting Hobbes on ‘Madnesse’. His analysis is not clinical but perhaps more insightful than that, as going to the heart of the causes, and finding those same causes to produce folly in those who are on the surface wise. The next section of his discourse in Leviathan is very much to the point here:
This opinion of Inspiration, called commonly, Private Spirit, begins very often, from some lucky finding of an Errour generally held by others; and not knowing, or not remembring, by what conduct of reason, they came to so singular a truth, (as they think it, though it be many times an untruth they light on,) they presently admire themselves; as being in the speciall grace of God Almighty, who hath revealed the same to them supernaturally, by his Spirit.Leviathan
I fear that much the same has gripped our senior prelates. In those circumstances the judgment of the learned Primates is no better than that of certain other primates I could mention.
In the grip of this Private Spirit, and prejudice, it no wonder that the letter then ranges over accusations unsupported by the text before them about departing from the Good Friday Agreement or the European Convention on Human Rights: indeed it has been observed that the Bill they have recently rejected supports the Good Friday Agreement against attack from the European Union, but in the grip of fixed prejudice there is no reasoning.
The final observation of the Archbishops’ letter is one which would have Hobbes guffawing at it follow:
“If carefully negotiated terms are not honoured and laws can be “legally” broken, on what foundations does our democracy stand?”
The humblest workman in his parlour knows what democracy is. Democracy entrusts the making and unmaking of laws, and the supervision of government, to elected representatives. That is a plain definition. Its foundation stands on free voting and acceptance of the system. It has nothing whatsoever with international treaties, and those treaties are not law, as I have observed before, nor can they be, as Hobbes observes. A treaty, however solemnly negotiated and signed, is a thing made without the involvement of the House of Commons – it is in effect then a negation of democracy, and if democracy had its hands tied by a treaty signed by the government or its ambassador, then democracy is castrated.
Invoking the name of “democracy” to support a political proposition is a form of idolatry. There may be a moral element to keeping to treaties, as there may be a moral cause for departing from an ill-starred treaty, and there may be a word for it that the bishops can choose – it may be ‘honorificabilitudinitatibus’, but it is not ‘democracy’.
For the errours of Definitions multiply themselves, according as the reckoning proceeds; and lead men into absurdities, which at last they see, but cannot avoyd, without reckoning anew from the beginning; in which lyes the foundation of their errours. … in the right Definition of Names, lyes the first use of Speech; which is the Acquisition of Science: And in wrong, or no Definitions’ lyes the first abuse; from which proceed all false and senslesse Tenets;Leviathan
To mend this follies amongst senior clergy will not be easy. They are too deep, and re-enforced by the collegiate habits of office. The Archbishop of Canterbury is a profoundly intelligent man, but I venture to say is prey to the same failings as any man, and to write this I am aware of my own failings in that way too. | <urn:uuid:b60bc7ea-7a74-42cd-b277-e57b94a723d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thomashobbes.co.uk/2020/10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.967933 | 1,595 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Digital learning is achieved by a combination of technology and the content prescribed by the department of education. Vidwath develops the instructions with the best quality and care towards curriculum. Experts in different departments work on developing the digital content, designing, preparing animated videos, creating assessment and evaluation tools etc.
We focus on the area of students excelling in learning the difficult concepts easily with digital tools and techniques.
Vidwath with its innovative products and solutions like Vidwath Touch, Vidwath Lite and Vidwan is trying to reach maximum schools all over India. We train the teachers to use smart class, virtual reality headsets and other products. We extend our help to meet the technical emergencies of customers as well.
Our innovative products also includes Wireless Digital Library provided by Vidwath . It is a collection, organization, access, annotation and preservation of books, audios and videos which can be accessed through all smart gadgets without internet. The resources filled in the Digital Library are customized according to client's requirements which can be used for both education and entertainment purposes.
Vidwath Innovative Solutions Pvt Ltd bagged the "AWARD OF EXCELLENCE" in the International Achievers Conference as a fastest growing company in the field of Digital Education. The success of this company is because of hard work of all the faculty. Vidwath's origin goes back to April 2012 when it was founded by Mr. Rohith M Patil who is basically a Graduate in Electronic Engineering from Bengaluru and also MBA in Marketing.
Vidwath is showing its excellence as it is working on regional languages unlike all other Digital Education Platforms which usually focus on English language only. We are proud to say that we extend our service in languages like Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Hindi, Urdu and Malayalam. We have installed smart classes in more than 100 Urdu Schools with the collaboration of Department of Minority Welfare. Establishing this collaboration with the Government, Vidwath Innovative Solutions emerges as a pioneer in issuing digital content in Urdu language. Thus, we emphasize on achieving 'Education to All' under the Right to Education Act.
Our dream is to touch all places where digital education is needed with supreme technology available. This inspired us to introduce Virtual Reality into schools. Vidwath provides advanced technology 2D and 3D Animations and Visual -Media Learning, along with recreational activities related to education. | <urn:uuid:32524f34-3821-4502-b17b-678429954bbf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://vidwath.com/about.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.936646 | 494 | 1.507813 | 2 |
|PDF Title :||The Six Napoleons|
|Book Series :||The Adventure|
|Total Page :||12 Pages|
|Author:||Arthur Conan Doyle|
|PDF Size :||91.5 KB|
|PDF Link :||Available|
Here on this page, we have provided the latest download link for Sherlock Holmes Series : The Adventure of The Six Napoleons PDF. Please feel free to download it on your computer/mobile. For further reference, you can go to arthurconandoyle.com
The Adventure of The Six Napoleons – Book
In rapid succession we passed through the fringe of fashionable London, hotel London, theatrical London, literary London, commercial London, and, finally, maritime London, till we came to a riverside city of a hundred thousand souls, where the tenement houses swelter and reek with the outcasts of Europe.
Here, in a broad thoroughfare, once the abode of wealthy City merchants, we found the sculpture works for which we searched. Outside was a considerable yard full of monumental masonry. Inside was a large room in which fifty workers were carving or molding.
The Adventure of The Six Napoleons PDF
Know more about our initiative | <urn:uuid:9429944b-d61d-4504-aa29-dc462bb3beb5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://indianpdf.com/the-six-napoleons-pdf/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.816002 | 284 | 1.546875 | 2 |
From Knox Gelatine: Desserts, Salads, Candies and Frozen Dishes, c.1936
New Theatre (the Lyric) and Store Building for the Blacksburg Realty Company
Monday-Friday 8am-5pm & By Appointment
We have about 100 manuscript collections in our History of Food & Drink collecting area. Manuscript collections are made up of a variety of primary and secondary source materials, including handwritten recipe books, faculty papers, pamphlets and ephemera, and corporate advertisements. You can browse the list of collections online through ArchivesSpace.
You can also search our finding aids directly by visiting the Virginia Heritage website: http://vaheritage.org/. You'll want to limit the repository to "Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University." To bring up a list of all our culinary-related collections, search "history of food and drink." Or, you can search on specific terms like "recipe" or "cocktail." This site is a statewide portal and may also point you to resources around Virginia.
We are beginning to digitize food-related manuscripts or items from manuscript collections and will continue to do so in the future. Digitized manuscripts are available online.
The History of Food & Drink collecting area has more than 7,000 publications. Books, relevant theses and dissertations, pamphlets, extension publications, and other printed materials can be searched through the library catalog or through the discovery system.
About 2/3 of the book collection is located in Special Collections and University Archives and can be accessed through our reading room, Monday-Friday from 8am-5pm or by appointment (please contact us to arrange appointments). The remaining 1/3 of the book collection is housed in Newman Library or in the library storage facility and is available to be checked out.
Over 200 books from the History of Food & Drink materials, primarily 19th century cookbooks, household management guides, and nutrition guides, are available in digital form (pdf). The university's institutional repository, VTechWorks, also includes more than 3,000 Virginia Cooperative Extension (VCE) publications in digital form. | <urn:uuid:64fdba6c-54d5-4851-8fb2-4261d73a6c7d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://guides.lib.vt.edu/c.php?g=10336&p=53598 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.916863 | 446 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Many service providers struggle to keep pace with advances in autism-specific knowledge and tend to refer children to autism specialty clinics when the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is in question. Unfortunately, it is in these settings where children most often wait for months or, worse, experience barriers to accessing any care at all. This has resulted in an access crisis for children and families with ASD concerns contributing to delays in diagnosis and treatment, particularly for children of color and for under-resourced families. Service disruptions and challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic have only added to delays. As the need for autism-related services continues to grow, innovative models must be used to enhance competence among frontline medical, behavioral health and community-based providers who currently serve these children and families on a regular basis.
Children’s National Hospital has initiated a number of endeavors focused on increasing access to ASD services through enhanced training experiences, mentorship of allied mental health and frontline professionals and utilization of multidisciplinary approaches. These approaches enhance the skills and knowledge of treatment providers, which allows them to accurately address the needs of autistic patients while they await more comprehensive evaluations and sometimes reduce the need for additional evaluation. The following are efforts currently underway.
Virtual ECHO (Extension Community Healthcare Outcomes) Autism Clinics
The Center for Autism Spectrum Disorders (CASD) is hosting virtual ECHO (Extension Community Healthcare Outcomes) Autism Clinics aimed at building autism knowledge and competencies amongst community providers by creating shared learning forums with a multidisciplinary group of autism specialists for dissemination of knowledge and mentorship.
Clinics run in 6-month sessions on a bimonthly basis and target professionals in medical, community and educational/early intervention settings. There is no requirement for prior autism-related knowledge or training. The emphasis in learning stems from case-based discussions primarily, along with targeted autism specific didactics.
We have found good satisfaction with the program overall, as well as self-report of gains in ASD-specific knowledge and care competencies as a result of participation in ECHO. To date, CASD’s ECHO Autism program has reached 290 professionals and trainees serving autistic children and their families.
Integration of autism evaluations into primary care sites
The Community Mental Health (CMH) CORE (Collaboration, Outreach, Research, Equity) within the Children’s National Hospital Child Health Advocacy Institute (CHAI) has been working collaboratively with several other divisions, including CASD, to integrate autism evaluations into primary care sites for young children with high concern about ASD. We aim to increase capacity and access to autism services by training embedded psychologists in primary care settings in autism diagnostics.
By increasing behavioral health provider capacity and integrating in primary care, this clinic has been able to drastically decrease waits for ASD services by months to years. Families served by the program were predominately Black (81%) or Latinx (10%), and most (87%) had public insurance. Nearly one third (32%) were not primary English speakers. An ASD diagnosis was provided in 68% of all cases.
All referring PCPs surveyed indicated that they were “satisfied” or “very satisfied” with the program, that they “strongly like the integrated clinic model,” and that the program “is increasing equitable access to ASD. Currently, CHAI-supported ASD-focused embedded clinics in primary care have served 94 children and their families. | <urn:uuid:1fc79dab-9800-4572-8773-b5b46ef8ec9e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://innovationdistrict.childrensnational.org/tag/autism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.957977 | 714 | 2.40625 | 2 |
June 10, 2021 - Summer Arrived
Summer arrived in all it's hot, steamy glory this past weekend with temperatures hovering near ninety degrees (in the shade). School has ended the dawn chorus is full-throated in the extremely early hours of the morn. Plants are putting forth great efforts in foliage and blossom production. Trees and grasses are emitting prodigious amounts of pollen that wafts everywhere on those not-so-gentle-at-times breezes. The Summer Reading in well underway with many of you already signed up and logging books and activities in your Beanstack account (more information about the program and about downloading the Beanstack app is located here: https://www.deforestlibrary.org/reading-program ). As if more proof were needed that summer has indeed arrived, I cite three and possibly four of the titles listed below that have the word "summer" in their titles i.e., The Summer of Lost and Found, A Summer to Remember, and That Summer. I think you could argue (and I'd back your argument) that the non-fiction title, On Juneteenth refers to a day (June 19th) only two days away from the summer solstice so that in its own way, this too is a summer book. Below, along with these four "summer" titles you will find some other books that will make excellent summer reading even though their titles don't contain that season-indicating word. Join the Summer Reading Program and Enjoy!
How to Change: The Science of Why Some People Have Breakthroughs and Other’s Don’t by Katy Milkman. An award-winning Wharton Professor and Choiceology podcast host, drawing on her original research, offers an invaluable, science-based blueprint for achieving your goals, once and for all.
American Republics: A Continental History of the United States, 1783-1850 by Alan Taylor. In a history of America’s formative period, a Pulitzer Prize-winning historian upends the traditional story of a young nation confidently marching to its continent-spanning destiny and illuminates the continuities between our own social and political divisions.
The Indispensables: Marbleheads’ Diverse Soldier-Mariners Who Shaped the County, Formed the Navy, and Rowed Washington Across the Deleware by Patrick O’Donnell. In an addition to the literature of the American Revolution, a best-selling historian dramatically recounts how and why the Marblehead Regiment, led by John Glover, was truly indispensable.
Killing the Mob: The Fight Against Organized Crime in America by Bill O’Reilly & Martin Dugard. The authors, in the 10th book in a multimillion-selling Killing series, take on the Mob, tracing the brutal history of 20th Century organized crime in the U.S., turning the most legendary criminal and their true-life escapades into a riveting crime novel.
On Juneteenth by Annette Gordon-Reed. The descendant of enslaved people brought to Texas in the 1850s recounts the origins of Juneteenth and explores the legacies of the holiday that remain with us.
The Guncle by Steven Rowley. When Patrick, or Gay Uncle Patrick (GUP) for short, takes on the role of primary guardian for his young niece and nephew, he sets “Guncle Rules,” but soon learn that parenting isn’t solved with treats or jokes as his eyes are opened to a new sense of responsibility.
Hidden (Lost and Found) by Fern Michaels. In the first in a brand-new series from a #1 New York Times best-selling author, brother and sister Cullan and Luna Bodman are drawn into a dangerous mystery through an antique with a complicated past.
The Summer of Lost and Found by Mary Alice Monroe. With her family, finances, emotions, relationships and health teetering on the brink, Linnea Rutledge finds her life further complicated by her feelings for John, an old flame who turns up from California and is quarantining next door.
A Summer to Remember by Erika Montgomery. When a mysterious package arrives, containing a photograph that changes her life forever, 32-year-old Frankie Simon, the owner of a movie memorabilia shop on Hollywood Boulevard, discovers the meaning of home and the magic of true love.
That Summer by Jennifer Weiner. While trying to pinpoint the root of her dissatisfaction with her life, Daisy Shoemaker beings receiving misdirected emails meant for another woman and begins living vicariously through her until she discovers that their connection was not completely accidental.
Where the Grass is Green and the Girls are Pretty by Lauren Weisberger. When her husband is arrested in an Ivy League admissions sting, jeopardizing everything she worked so hard for, Peyton, co-anchor of a hit morning show, soon discovers that this is not the worst of it as dark secrets in their posh world come to light.
Mary Jane by Jessica Anya Blau.Taking a summer job as a nanny for the daughter of a local doctor, straight-laced Mary Jane is introduced to a world of sex, drugs, and rock-and-roll, which helps her figure out what she really wants out of life, and what kind of person she’s going to be.
Local Woman Missing by Mary Kubica. When Delilah, who disappeared 11 years earlier when she was only six years old, shockingly returns, the residents of a quiet suburban neighborhood want to know what happened to her, but no one is prepared for what they’ll find. | <urn:uuid:716613bb-839a-4208-95ae-46d2788014b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.deforestlibrary.org/june-10-2021-summer-arrived | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.950333 | 1,151 | 3.09375 | 3 |
From todays Vancouver Province, higher assessments on some single family homes leads to a jump in property tax bills:
Mario Tomsich is one of thousands of single-family Vancouver homeowners whose property taxes have surged an average of 14.2 per cent, seven times the rate of inflation.
“The taxes are just skyrocketing because of the value of the property,” the 75-year-old Vancouver landlord said yesterday. “If it keeps going like this, I would have to do something about it. People have been forced to sell their homes.”
Vancouver budget director Annette Klein said the 1.23-per-cent tax increase approved by city council was not reflected for single-family dwellings because their assessed values shot up 30 per cent.
They jumped 15 per cent above the average for the residential class, including condos. Property taxes are based on assessed values.
“Single-family homes are picking up more of the overall [tax] revenue,” Klein said. “They are compensating for slower growth in condos.”
This is the first I’ve heard of slower growth in condo property tax – is there an imbalance in the system and should we expect higher tax rates on condos in the future? | <urn:uuid:a37775b6-112b-4b97-8e9e-12e1d1a253eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://vancouvercondo.info/2008/06/property-tax-on-single-family-homes-up.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.961392 | 262 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Budecort Inhaler 200 mcg 200 doses
Budecort Inhaler is prescription medication treatment for children suffering from the condition asthma which is a chronic lung disorder that results in the narrowing and inflammation of the respiratory airpassage. It is generally used by the children.
Budecort Inhaler is used in the form of an inhaler for the treatment of asthma. Budecort Inhaler is also used for prevention and treatment of various allergies of the nose, throat or the lungs. It is a corticosteroid. Budecort Inhaler helps to stop the release of any inflammation that causes chemical and substance inside the body.
Budecort Inhaler when inhaled into the body help to prevent asthma attacks. But it cannot treat asthma which is already started. Budesonide can be used for other treatments also. Budecort Inhaler is useful in prophylactic and maintenance therapy of asthma in children between the age of 1 to 8 years of age.
Budecort Inhaler belongs to a group of medicines called as corticosteroids. It works by reducing swelling and inflammation in the nose, throat, lungs or intestine.
Budecort Inhaler may cause unwanted side effects such as: dry/irritated throat, hoarseness, voice changes, bad taste in the mouth, runny nose, or nosebleeds may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly.
No review yet
No questions yet | <urn:uuid:c5a84b65-65d6-4f6d-8d0f-ad025819ba8e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://legalsteroidshop.com/catalog/product/budecort-inhaler | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.847018 | 465 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Nowadays, the development of business has increased in society. The rise in the business leads to spread their company across the world. The individual must have the interest to place their company in the USA or some other countries. There are certain formalities to undergo to raise their business in foreign countries. Developing another branch in America, it is one of the correct places where the investment and taxation are low. When starting an organization, the investor should be confident in choosing the domain and place to avoid the reduction in their business income.
What are the ways to enter into US market?
Some ways have to be followed to enter into the US market such as a corporation, LLC, and company formation. In the corporation, the investor can interact with them regarding their business. It is divided into S corp and C corp. Limited Liability Company is the hybrid business structure and the members of this liability company can be expressed as members. After completing the above steps, now it is time to set the company formation. In some countries like register a company in the USA where the taxation cost is low and they can follow the qualification procedure of that state.
If the person is going to start an industry then they must be very clear in choosing the entity type such as LLC or corporation. They both have an agency in which they will help us in preparing the required documents. If the documents process gets completed then it will be passed to the state filing office with the attachments of the filing fee. They need to get a piece of evidence for completion of the filing and get the federal tax number. Finally, to end up with the formalities, they have to create a bank account to follow the laws and procedures of that state.
To start up a new industry, the organizer needs to have the confirmation form to open the business in that state. They must have proof of identity which gathers all your address details of owners and managers. Individual identities like passports and national identification cards are required.
What are the mistakes be avoided?
For opening a new branch in the new place often the owner will be restless. In this case, they will do many mistakes that lead to a bigger problem in the future. Before entering into the idea of opening a company, you need to discuss with the virtual CFO India for clarification. Some of the common mistake that should be avoided,
- Choosing the wrong business
- Preferring the wrong place
- Not consulting the US-based accountant
- Failing to stay compliant
- Not clear in tax and state policies
- Paying for low cost
- Hiring yourself
The virtual financial officer will assist the developer by giving skilled input based on the new project and also helps financially. This officer will take in-charge of your organization based on the income, building the business to the next level, and reduce the expenses of the company in daily needs. Each officer will differ from one office to another office according to the nature of the business. The officer should be the best clerk to increase the organization’s income. | <urn:uuid:7e4c7beb-1ed8-428e-b84c-9665e5dd3f07> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thetechquiz.com/is-it-possible-to-run-a-company-in-foreign-countries/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.96521 | 617 | 2.078125 | 2 |
This is a non-commercial project.
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COVID-19 (Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2)
Determine your personal Pandemic Footprint* and find out how every single one of us can contribute to contain the global Covid-19 Pandemic:
People you can't (don't want to) maintain the suggested/specified minimum distance of 1.80 meters (6 feet) with.
Basic protective measures against the new coronavirus: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public - who.int
* [Pandemic Footprint PFI]: Based on current case numbers and informations, a medical and virological reflection is not possible. The PFI calculation is based on the model of the Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). — [Thursday 18th of August 2022 12:35:26 AM] — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMEA
* [risk areas]: Countries that have a Level 3 Travel Health Notice [Thursday 18th of August 2022 12:35:26 AM] — cdc.gov - Travelers from Countries with Widespread Sustained (Ongoing) Transmission Arriving in the United States
* [risk groups]: CDC.gov - Who is at higher risk? [Thursday 18th of August 2022 12:35:26 AM] — Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) If You Are at Higher Risk
About us • Imprint • Facebook • Instagram | <urn:uuid:21f01257-3510-473e-b780-a831665307da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pandemic-footprint.com/pfi | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.848269 | 332 | 1.75 | 2 |
By Maria Wiering
State redistricting and an early primary election may cause voters to have more questions about the names they find on their ballot April 3. The Maryland Catholic Conference’s voter survey seeks to address the queries of Catholics, as it has done each election year for at least two decades.
Candidates for U.S. Congress answered whether they agreed or disagreed with statements on policy issues ranging from conscience protections to foreign poverty aid in a MCC survey, now available online at mdcathcon.org.
“(The surveys are) an important tool for helping voters know who the men and women are that are asking for the privilege of representing them as an elected official,” said MCC executive director Mary Ellen Russell. “It’s important for voters to know where the candidates stand on a broad range of issues, so they can be educated when they go to the polls.”
The survey is one of the more important activities the MCC undertakes, Russell said.
“The responsibility of voting is critically important. Every vote counts, but it’s equally important that voters are well informed when they go to the polls, and they understand the positions of whom they’re voting for,” she said.
The survey’s breadth of issues shows how nonpartisan the Catholic Church is, Russell said.
“The issues the candidates are asked to address do not fall neatly in the lines of political parties or allegiances,” she said.
In addition to the “agree” or “disagree” responses, candidates were also invited to share why a Catholic should vote for them. Statements ranged from descriptions of candidates’ parish involvement to their political philosophies.
“Catholic voter(s) have placed a high priority on social justice. In Congress, I will focus on these issues to helping created (sic) a more just society for Americans,” wrote John LaFerla, a Democrat running for a seat in the House of Representatives in District 1, which includes portions of Baltimore, Carroll and Harford counties. He lives in Kent County on the Eastern Shore.
“As a person of faith, a firm adherent to the Constitution, and a true conservative, I will continue to uphold our Judeo-Christian ethic, and put ‘people and principles over party and politics,’ ” wrote Corrogan Vaughn, a Baltimore-area Republican U.S. Senate candidate, weaving in his campaign slogan.
The MCC often receives calls from voters interested in where a candidate stands on a particular issue, Russell said.
“As the conference, we are not in the position to speak for the candidate, so this gives the opportunity for the candidates to speak for themselves,” Russell said.
Each candidate received the survey by e-mail three times and received at least two follow-up phone calls. The survey rate of return – 58 percent – was slightly lower this year than in previous years, which the MCC attributes to an earlier primary election. Still, the MCC is pleased with the response, Russell said.
“A number of the issues that the survey addresses are pivotal during the upcoming elections, and some candidates are very eager to ensure that voters know their position on the issues,” she said.
Of the responses received, 21 were from Republicans, and eight were from Democrats.
The MCC encourages voters whose candidates did not respond to the survey to contact the candidates directly to learn about their positions.
“The candidate survey helps voters to do some of the work for them, but it’s critically important for voters to do their own research where a candidate does not respond,” Russell said.
Early primary voting centers will be open March 24 to 29.
Know your district
Think you know your candidates? Think again – state redistricting may have changed your incumbents and candidates. Visit the Maryland Catholic Conference’s webpage at mdcathcon.org, select “Find Your Legislator” on the homepage, and input your address. Voters registered to vote in the primaries whose district has changed should have received a voter registration card in the mail. | <urn:uuid:b9272fcc-bd81-4daa-b223-2626e5b2ea92> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.archbalt.org/mcc-survey-addresses-elections-pivotal-issues/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.962693 | 877 | 1.546875 | 2 |
USCCB Statement on the recently-passed health care legislation (March 23, 2010):
For nearly a century, the Catholic bishops of the United States have called for reform of our health care system so that all may have access to the care that recognizes and affirms their human dignity. Christian discipleship means, “working to ensure that all people have access to what makes them fully human and fosters their human dignity” (United States Catechism for Adults, page 454). Included among those elements is the provision of necessary and appropriate health care.
For too long, this question has gone unaddressed in our country. Often, while many had access to excellent medical treatment, millions of others including expectant mothers, struggling families or those with serious medical or physical problems were left unable to afford the care they needed. As Catholic bishops, we have expressed our support for efforts to address this national and societal shortcoming. We have spoken for the poorest and most defenseless among us. Many elements of the health care reform measure signed into law by the President address these concerns and so help to fulfill the duty that we have to each other for the common good. We are bishops, and therefore pastors and teachers. In that role, we applaud the effort to expand health care to all.
Nevertheless, for whatever good this law achieves or intends, we as Catholic bishops have opposed its passage because there is compelling evidence that it would expand the role of the federal government in funding and facilitating abortion and plans that cover abortion. The statute appropriates billions of dollars in new funding without explicitly prohibiting the use of these funds for abortion, and it provides federal subsidies for health plans covering elective abortions. Its failure to preserve the legal status quo that has regulated the government’s relation to abortion, as did the original bill adopted by the House of Representatives last November, could undermine what has been the law of our land for decades and threatens the consensus of the majority of Americans: that federal funds not be used for abortions or plans that cover abortions. Stranger still, the statute forces all those who choose federally subsidized plans that cover abortion to pay for other peoples’ abortions with their own funds. If this new law is intended to prevent people from being complicit in the abortions of others, it is at war with itself.
We share fully the admirable intention of President Obama expressed in his pending Executive Order, where he states, “it is necessary to establish an adequate enforcement mechanism to ensure that Federal funds are not used for abortion services.” However, the fact that an Executive Order is necessary to clarify the legislation points to deficiencies in the statute itself. We do not understand how an Executive Order, no matter how well intentioned, can substitute for statutory provisions.
The statute is also profoundly flawed because it has failed to include necessary language to provide essential conscience protections (both within and beyond the abortion context). As well, many immigrant workers and their families could be left worse off since they will not be allowed to purchase health coverage in the new exchanges to be created, even if they use their own money.
Many in Congress and the Administration, as well as individuals and groups in the Catholic community, have repeatedly insisted that there is no federal funding for abortion in this statute and that strong conscience protection has been assured. Analyses that are being published separately show this not to be the case, which is why we oppose it in its current form. We and many others will follow the government’s implementation of health care reform and will work to ensure that Congress and the Administration live up to the claims that have contributed to its passage. We believe, finally, that new legislation to address its deficiencies will almost certainly be required.
As bishops, we wish to recognize the principled actions of the pro-life Members of Congress from both parties, in the House and the Senate, who have worked courageously to create legislation that respects the principles outlined above. They have often been vilified and have worked against great odds.
As bishops of the Catholic Church, we speak in the name of the Church and for the Catholic faith itself. The Catholic faith is not a partisan agenda, and we take this opportunity to recommit ourselves to working for health care which truly and fully safeguards the life, dignity, conscience and health of all, from the child in the womb to those in their last days on earth. | <urn:uuid:7d239931-6c58-47cd-a750-c84fa7f503e0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://amcatholic.wordpress.com/2010/03/23/u-s-catholic-bishops-statement-on-the-health-care-bill-profoundly-flawed/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.972491 | 886 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Prevalence and Identification of Yeasts Responsible for Mastitis in Dairy Cattle Farms in the Sidi Lahcene Region in the Wilaya of Sidi Bel abbesAlgeriaAuthor(s): Akdouche L
Mastitis represents one of the main diseases in dairy cows. In Algeria, very few studies have been conducted on
the prevalence of fungal mastitis in dairy cattle farms as well as various factors favouring their appearance and
development. In most cases, the triggers this infection is bacteria. A growing number of fungi are currently
associated with this pathology.
This is related to antibiotics too widely used in the treatment of these bacterial agents. So we set as objectives,
determining the prevalence of mastitis caused by yeasts and the study of a number of risk factors in some dairy
farms in the region of Sidi Lahcène, wilaya of Sidi Bel Abbes. The samples of this study were carried on farms of
cows (mastitic cow and clinically healthy cow) belonging to two types of farms (farms with manual milking and
mechanical milking farms).
The risk factors included, animal secretions, the teat cups, the hands of the milkers, the skin of the mammary
gland, the drinker, the manger, the milk storage tank, the milk collection seal. Mycological analysis was conducted at
the Laboratory of Parasitology-Mycology from the Higher National Veterinary School-Algiers.
The isolated yeasts were identified using microscopic characterization, and auxanogramme realized in
biochemical galleries (gallery Pasteur Institut Pasteur Algiers and testing API® AUX BioMerieux, France). Our results
showed a prevalence of infection with yeast, a high frequency of isolation was attributed for the genus Candida sp.
followed by the genus Rhodotorula sp. followed by the two genera Cryptococcus sp. and Trichosporon sp. | <urn:uuid:245c616c-0994-47cf-85be-3dd9f2bba092> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tsijournals.com/abstract/prevalence-and-identification-of-yeasts-responsible-for-mastitis-in-dairyrncattle-farms-in-the-sidi-lahcene-region-in-th-14206.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.928909 | 419 | 2.5 | 2 |
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