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St Lucia is a tropical island in the Caribbean Sea with a hot, humid climate. Annual temperatures are between 79°F and 90°F at sea level, although it feels cooler as the island experiences northeast trade winds. Temperatures in the mountain peaks are also cooler, averaging 55°F annually. Average annual rainfall is around 80 inches, with most of this falling between June and November, the wet season. December to May is the dry season, with less rain, and slightly cooler temperatures.
The temperature does not fluctuate very much between the wet and dry seasons, due to St Lucia’s proximity to the equator. There is greater precipitation in the mountainous rainforest, with an average of 150 inches per year, and in coastal regions this is much lower, about 51 inches annually.
St Lucia is within the Atlantic hurricane belt, and although the island has historically avoided a direct hit, you can at least expect storms during the hurricane season. The official hurricane season is between June and November, which coincides with the wet season although St Lucia has not experienced a severe devastating storm.
Best Time to Visit St Lucia
The high season for St Lucia runs from mid-December to May, covering both Christmas and Easter holidays. During this time the island attracts many visitors from North America and Europe escaping the colder climes on vacation. However, a visit after this time will see lowered hotel rates and less crowds, so a great time to visit is perhaps the ‘shoulder’ season, either May and early June before the wet season commences, or early December after is has finished, yet before the traditional high season.
However, if choosing to visit in May or July, bear in mind that visitor numbers significantly increase for the annual Jazz Festival and Carnival. During this busy time it is worth booking accommodation as early as possible. Also, if you are intending to visit rainforest areas it is worth considering that many of the trails can become inaccessible during the peak of the rainy season, around September and October. | <urn:uuid:a7698022-e76c-4679-9174-80fd0b0b363d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.iexplore.com/articles/travel-guides/caribbean/st-lucia/weather | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.980576 | 408 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Michigan law lets arenas, other venues stock EpiPens
LANSING, Mich. (AP) - A new Michigan law lets arenas, camps and other venues stock epinephrine injectors to treat allergic reactions.
The measure signed this week by Gov. Rick Snyder permits doctors to prescribe and pharmacists to dispense EpiPens to youth sports leagues, amusement parks, religious institutions and other places. The proposed law also establishes storage and training requirements, and limits liability from lawsuits.
The law follows a 2013 law requiring every public school to have EpiPens.
Snyder says with the new law, parents can be more confident sending their kids to camp or on field trips with constant worry about them having an allergic reaction. | <urn:uuid:50430670-ae69-45a8-8a36-851c02f01ca1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.michiganradio.org/health/2015-12-19/michigan-law-lets-arenas-other-venues-stock-epipens | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.942367 | 151 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Before we move on from Article 1, Section 7, let’s take one last look at how a bill becomes a law. It’s worth spending some time on this part of the Constitution because it does a fantastic job of illustrating the difference between how our Founders approached government - and how we’ve approached government over the last 100 years.
Our Founders knew that we would have politicians who would try to get around whatever system we had. And they were right.
It’s inevitable that we will have politicians who will try to find any loophole that will allow them to get what they want even when everyone else opposes their ideas. So when our Constitution was written, a lot of time was spent trying to figure out what types of dirty tricks and dishonest games our public officials would try to play—and then coming up with ways to guard against those.
For an example of that, take a look at the end of Article 1, Section 7. After explaining the basics of how a bill becomes a law, it says:
“If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.”
Have you ever wondered why those little details were added? I always did.
It turns out, they serve a few very important purposes.
Photo credit: Shutterstock
Let’s start with the first detail in this section. Allowing a bill to become a law if it isn’t vetoed within 10 days forces the president to take responsibility for his actions. If he wants to veto a bill, he can’t just ignore it in hopes that it will go away. He has to take an indisputable action that shows everyone that he is knowingly and intentionally vetoing that piece of legislation.
This way, when someone tries to hold the president accountable for that bill not becoming a law, he can’t turn around and say, “What bill? I had never even heard of that bill until just now!” (Not that we would ever have a president who would make lame excuses like that.)
This 10-day window also guards against another potential dirty trick. Think about it - what happens after the president vetoes a bill? It goes back to Congress where our representatives have an opportunity to over-ride his veto. But, if the president never vetoes the bill, Congress can’t over-ride it.
But because of this 10-day window, if the president is worried that his veto might be over-ridden, he can’t just sit on the bill indefinitely to prevent Congress from ever having the opportunity to do so.
This provision is a brilliant way to keep the president from using a shady tactic to get his way when he knows that he doesn’t have enough political support to do it the proper way.
But the president isn’t the only one who is capable of playing dirty tricks, is he? That’s where the second detail comes in:
“… unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.”
Ok. What in the heck does that mean?
Remember, if the president doesn’t return a bill to Congress within 10 days it becomes a law even without his signature. This clause is saying that Congress can’t intentionally prevent the president from having an opportunity to return it to them as a way of getting around his veto. He has to be given a full 10 days to veto it before it can become a law without his signature.
Here’s what this provision is trying to prevent.
Let’s say that members of Congress have enough votes to pass a bill that the president opposes, but they don’t have enough votes to over-ride a veto. They can’t get together to pass the bill, then turn right around and immediately adjourn the session of Congress and leave town so the president doesn’t have anyone to return the bill to.
Both of these provisions are attempts to force our politicians to go through the lawmaking process the way it was designed.
The Founders knew that we would have politicians who would resort to all kinds of tricks in order to get what they want. They also knew that we had to protect ourselves from that.
But our approach to government today is completely different. Most Americans know that a lot of politicians are corrupt but we don’t bother to do anything protect ourselves from them. We keep giving the federal government more and more power and we allow our politicians to ignore the Constitution; then we just hope that enough of our public officials will be good people who won’t do anything bad to us.
Think about what happened just a couple of weeks ago. We allowed President Barack Obama to unilaterally sign an agreement with Iran without getting Congressional approval. What is there to prevent this president - or any future president - from abusing that power? Nothing!
We also keep giving unelected, faceless bureaucrats in executive agencies like the Department of Health and Human Services more and more power to create rules that affect our personal lives. In fact, we are going out of our way to make these bureaucrats as unaccountable as possible. What’s to stop them from creating abusive or oppressive rules? Great question!
I understand that it can be uncomfortable to admit it, but government is a very dirty and nasty business. And because of the amount of power and money involved, it attracts a lot of dirty and nasty people. So we have to approach it as such.
That means two things for us today. First, we need to start enforcing our Constitution. As you just saw, even the seemingly insignificant parts like the process for creating laws are designed to guard against political dirty tricks.
Second, we need to take the Founders approach to government when we are creating new policies. We have to stop acting like rampant political corruption is inevitable and there’s nothing we can do about it. Instead, we need to make two questions a major part of every debate about new policies. What types of dirty tricks and dishonest games will our public officials try to play with this policy? And what can we do to protect ourselves from that?
Chad Kent is an author and speaker with a unique style that makes the Constitution simple and fun. Listen to Chad every Saturday during The Chris Salcedo Show on TheBlaze Radio, visit his web site at www.ChadKentSpeaks.com, and like his Facebook page at www.facebook.com/theconstitutionguy.
TheBlaze contributor channel supports an open discourse on a range of views. The opinions expressed in this channel are solely those of each individual author. | <urn:uuid:594cb8fe-0743-49c8-8ae8-ba2486aec87b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theblaze.com/contributions/constitution-revolution-why-the-president-cant-avoid-congress | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.973615 | 1,429 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Do Solar Lights Have to Be in Full Sun to Work?
Solar lights are powered by photovoltaic cells. These cells are usually semiconductors made of silicon, and they are able to capture the fundamental particles of light, known as photons, from the sun to produce electricity.
Daylight Does the Job
The more light a cell captures, the more electricity the cell produces. So while direct sunlight provides the best conditions for solar lights and panels to produce electricity, the cells also work in all daylight conditions, although at reduced efficiency. For example, solar panels are approximately 40 percent as effective on a cloudy day as they are on a sunny day. This is because overcast conditions cause light to diffuse through the clouds. In the case of solar yard lights, the electricity is stored in a battery until it is needed at dusk.
Rosemary Peters holds a Bachelor of Science in electrical engineering and a Master of Science in science communication. She has worked on editorial and design content across several publications, including "The Beacon" and "International Innovation." She has also spent time working in the Science radio unit at the BBC. | <urn:uuid:2553d98b-6e52-469b-91f3-a23a6a3af5da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://education.seattlepi.com/solar-lights-full-sun-work-3432.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.960399 | 234 | 4.03125 | 4 |
A General Survey of the Pursuit and of those who have engaged in it at Home and Abroad from the Earliest Period to the Present Time
WITH AN ACCOUNT OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE LIBRARIES AND ANECDOTES OF THEIR FOUNDERS OR OWNERS AND REMARKS ON BOOKBINDING AND ON SPECIAL COPIES OF BOOKS
W. CAREW HAZLITT
1 Mr. G. S. Snowden 11 Lord Brabourne 21 Mr. Dykes Campbell 2 Mr. E. Daniell 12 Mr. W. Ward 22 Palmer's boy 3 Mr. Railton 13 Mr. Leighton 23 Dr. Neligan 4 Mr. J. Rimell 14 Mr. E. W. Stibbs 24 Mr. C. Hindley 5 Mr. E. G. Hodge 15 Mr. H. Sotheran 25 Earl of Warwick 6 Mr. J. Toovey 16 Mr. Westell 26 Mr. Molini 7 Mr. B. Quaritch 17 Mr. Walford 27 Mr. H. Stevens 8 Mr. G. J. Ellis 18 Henry 28 Mr. F. Locker-Sampson 9 Mr. J. Roche 19 Mr. Dobell 29 Mr. E. Walford 10 Mr. Reeves 20 Mr. Robson
SEVERAL monographs by contemporary scholars on the inexhaustible theme of Book-Collecting have made their appearance during the last twenty years. All such undertakings have more or less their independent value and merit from the fact that each is apt to reflect and preserve the special experiences and predilections of the immediate author; and so it happens in the present case. A succession of Essays on the same subject is bound to traverse the same ground, yet no two of them, perhaps, work from the same seeing point, and there may be beyond the topic substantially little in common between them and the rest of the literature, which has steadily accumulated round this attractive and fruitful subject for bookman and artist.
During a very long course of years I have had occasion to study books in all their branches, in almost all tongues, of almost all periods, personally and closely. No early English volumes, while I have been on the track, have, if I could help it, escaped my scrutiny; and I have not let them pass from my hands without noting every particular which seemed to me important and interesting in a historical, literary, biographical, and bibliographical respect. The result of these protracted and laborious investigations is partly manifest in my Bibliographical Collections, 1867-1903, extending to eight octavo volumes; but a good deal of matter remained, which could not be utilised in that series or in my other miscellaneous contributions to belles lettres.
So it happened that I found myself the possessor of a considerable body of information, covering the entire field of Book-Collecting in Great Britain and Ireland and on the European continent, and incidentally illustrating such cognate features as Printing Materials, Binding, and Inscriptions or Autographs, some enhancing the interest of an already interesting item, others conferring on an otherwise valueless one a peculiar claim to notice.
My collections insensibly assumed the proportions of the volume now submitted to the public; and in the process of seeing the sheets through the press certain supplementary Notes suggested themselves, and form an Appendix. It has been my endeavour to render the Index as complete a clue as possible to the whole of the matter within the covers.
As my thoughts carry me back to the time—it is fifty years—when I commenced my inquiries into literary antiquities, I see that I have lived to witness a new Hegira: New Ideas, New Tastes, New Authors. The American Market and the Shakespear movement have turned everything and everybody upside down. But Time will prove the friend of some of us.
In the following pages I have avoided the repetition of particulars to be found in my Four Generations of a Literary Family, 1897, and in my Confessions of a Collector, 1897, so far as they concern the immediate subject-matter.
W. C. H.
BARNES COMMON, SURREY, October 1904.
See the writer's Shakespear, Himself and his Work: A Study from New Points of View, second edition, revised, with important additions, and several facsimiles, 8vo, 1903.
HISTORY OF BOOK-COLLECTING
The plan—The writer's practical career—Deficiency of a general knowledge of the subject—The Printed Book and the Manuscript independent branches of study—The rich and the poor collector—Their relative systems and advantages—Great results achieved by persons of moderate fortune—The Rev. Thomas Corser—Lamb and Coleridge—Human interest resident in collections formed by such men, and the genuine pleasure experienced by the owners—A case or two stated—The Chevalier D'Eon—The contrary practice—Comparatively early culture in the provinces and interchange of books—Lady collectors—Rarity of hereditary libraries—The alterations in the aspect of books—The Mill a fellow-labourer with the Press—A word about values and prices—Our social institutions answerable for the difference of feeling about book-collecting—Districts formerly rich in libraries—Distributing centres—Possibility of yet unexplored ground—The Universities and Inns of Court—Successful book-hunting in Scotland and Ireland—Present gravitation of all valuable books to London.
A MANUAL for the more immediate and especial use of English-speaking inquirers is bound to limit itself, in the first place, mainly to the literary products of the three kingdoms and the colonies; and, secondly, to a broad and general indication of the various paths which it is open to any one to pursue according to his tastes or possibilities, with clues to the best sources of intelligence and guidance. The English collector, where he crosses the border, as it were, and admits works of foreign origin into his bookcase, does not often do so on a large scale; but he may be naturally tempted to make exceptions in favour of certain chefs-d'oeuvre irrespective of nationality. There are books and tracts which commend themselves by their typographical importance, by their direct bearing on maritime discovery, by their momentous relation to the fine arts, or by their link with some great personality. These stand out in relief from the normal category of foreign literature; they speak a language which should be intelligible to all.
It must be obvious that in a restricted space a writer has no scope for anecdote and gossip, if they are not actually out of place in a technical undertaking. Yet we have endeavoured to lay before our readers, in as legible a form as possible, a view of the subject and counsel as to the various methods and lines of Collecting.
Such an enterprise as we offer, in the face of several which have already appeared under various titles and auspices, may at first sight seem redundant; but perhaps it is not really the case. A book of this class is, as a rule, written by a scholar for scholars; that is all very well, and very charming the result is capable of proving. Or, again, the book is addressed by a bibliographer to bibliographers; and here there may be, with a vast deal that is highly instructive, a tendency to bare technique, which does not commend itself to many outside the professional or special lines. It was thought, under these circumstances, that a new volume, combining readability and a fair proportion of general interest with practical information and advice, was entitled to favourable consideration; and the peculiar training of the present writer during his whole life, at once as a litterateur and a practical bookman, encouraged the idea on his part that it might well be feasible for him to carry the plan into execution, and produce a view of a permanently interesting and important subject in all its branches and aspects, appealing not only to actual book-collectors, but to those who may naturally desire to learn to what the science and pursuit amount.
One of the best apologies for book-collecting, and even for the accumulation of fine books, is that offered by McCulloch in the preface to his own catalogue. The writer takes occasion to observe, among other points and arguments: "It is no doubt very easy to ridicule the taste for fine books and their accumulation in extensive libraries. But it is not more easy than to ridicule the taste for whatever is most desirable, as superior clothes, houses, furniture, and accommodation of every sort. A taste for improved or fine books is one of the least equivocal marks of the progress of civilisation, and it is as much to be preferred to a taste for those that are coarse and ill got up, as a taste for the pictures of Reynolds or Turner is to be preferred to a taste for the daubs that satisfy the vulgar. A man acts foolishly, if he spend more money on books or anything else than he can afford; but the folly will be increased, not diminished, by his spending it on mean and common rather than on fine and uncommon works. The latter when sold invariably bring a good price, more perhaps than was paid for them, whereas the former either bring nothing or next to nothing."
McCulloch's maternal grandfather was possibly the book-lover from whom the eminent political economist inherited his taste.
In common with the Manuscript Document and the Autograph Letter, the Written Book forms such a vast department of inquiry and study, that it would be undesirable, and indeed almost impracticable, in a volume of limited extent on book-collecting, to include the consideration of any collateral subject.
The broad facts regarding our national collections of MSS. are sufficiently well known, no less than the principal repositories in which they are to be found and consulted, and the individuals who have signalised themselves from time to time as owners of this class of property on various scales or on various principles. Nearly everybody with any claim to culture is familiar with the names of Cotton, Arundel, Harley, Lansdowne, Birch, Burney, Egerton, Hardwicke, and Stowe, in connection with precious assemblages of monuments in the National Library; Parker, Tanner, Fairfax, Ashmole and others at Oxford or Cambridge; Carew at Lambeth, and a succession of private enthusiasts in this direction, either independently or in conjunction with the printed side—Dering of Surrenden, Le Neve, Martin of Palgrave, Duke of Buckingham, Sir Thomas Phillipps, Libri, Lord Ashburnham, Heber, and Bright.
In the case of MSS. it is equally true with printed literature that the interest and value depend on circumstances, and are liable to changes and vicissitudes. They may be classified into countries, periods, and subjects, and their appreciation depends on their character even more than on their mere rarity. An unique MS. may possibly be quite worthless. A comparatively common one may command a good price. How numerous soever the ancient copies of Chaucer's Canterbury Tales might be, another coming into the open market would still be an object of keen competition; and where importance is coupled with scarcity or uniqueness, of course the latter feature lends a high additional weight to the matter, and multiplies inquirers.
We must, however, in justice to this branch of the topic and to our readers, refrain from further pursuit of the discussion of it, as its adequate treatment would absorb a monograph to the full extent as ample as the present, and such a Manual is in point of fact a desideratum—one, too, which the improved state of bibliographical knowledge would assist in rendering much more satisfactory than was formerly possible.
The Rolls of Collectors by the present writer afford a convenient view of the different classes of society in the now United Kingdom, which from the outset to the present day have created, during unequal periods of duration, more or less noteworthy centres of literary or bibliographical gatherings, from the Harley, Roxburghe, Heber, or Huth level to that of the owner—often not less to be admired or commended—of the humble shelf-ful of volumes. Here names occur associated with the most widely varied aims in respect to scope and compass, yet all in a certain measure participating in the credit of admitting to their homes products of intellectual industry and ingenuity beyond such matter as Family Bibles, Directories, Railway Guides, Charles Lamb's Biblia-a-Biblia, and sixpenny or threepenny editions of popular authors, which constitute the staple decorations of the average British middle-class household in this nonagenarian nineteenth century.
So early as the time of the later Stuarts, a movement seems to have commenced both in England and Scotland, not only in the chief centres, but in provincial towns, for the education of the middle class, and even of the higher grade of agriculturists, who sent their children to schools, and at the same time, in the absence of circulating libraries, improved their own minds by the exchange of books, as we perceive in contemporary diaries and correspondence; and Macaulay doubtless overcolours the ignorance and debasement of the bulk of society about the period of the Revolution of 1688, apparently in order to maintain a cue with which he had started. The Diary of John Richards, a farmer at Warmwell in Dorsetshire, 1697-1702, is an unimpeachable witness on the other side; it is printed in the Retrospective Review, 1853.
It was about the same date that we find even in Scotland a project for establishing throughout the country, in every parish, Reference or Lending Libraries, and some pamphlets on the subject have come down to us; but we hear nothing more about it. This was in 1699-1702, just when the indefatigable John Dunton was sending from the press his multifarious periodical news-books for the benefit of the more literary sort in South Britain.
The Circulating Library in the United Kingdom in its inception was intended more particularly for the better-to-do class, and even to-day its tariff is hardly compatible with very narrow resources. Perhaps the earliest effort to bring literature within the reach of the working-man was Charles Knight's scheme of "Book-Clubs for all Readers," mentioned in a letter to him of 1844 from Dickens.
A remarkable change in the fortunes and tactics of the collector has arisen from one in our social institutions. The book-hunter of times past, if he was a resident in the provinces, and worked on a more or less systematic and ambitious scale—nay, if he merely picked up articles from year to year which struck his fancy, relied, as he was able to do, on his country town. Thither gravitated, as a rule, the products of public and private sales from the surrounding neighbourhood within a fairly wide radius. If a library was placed in the market, the sale took place on the premises or at the nearest centre; there was no thought of sending anything short of a known collection up to London. The transit in the absence of railways was too inconvenient and costly. These conditions, which long survived better possibilities, naturally made certain headquarters throughout the kingdom a perfect Eldorado and Elysium, first of all for local enthusiasts miles round, and later on for metropolitan bargain-seekers, who made periodical tours in certain localities at present as barren as Arabia Petraea.
The principal points appear, so far as existing information goes, to have been in the North: Newcastle, York, Sheffield, Leeds; in the Midlands: Birmingham and Manchester; in the West: Plymouth, Exeter, and Bristol; in the South: Chichester; in the East: Norwich, Yarmouth, Colchester, Bury, and Ipswich. It was at Chichester that the poet Collins brought together a certain number of early books, some of the first rarity; his name is found, too, in the sale catalogues of the last century as a buyer of such; and the strange and regrettable fact is, that two or three items, which Thomas Warton actually saw in his hands, and of which there are no known duplicates, have not so far been recovered.
East Anglia during a prolonged period was peculiarly rich in holders and seekers of the Old Book, both manuscript and printed. It formerly abounded in monastic institutions, affluent county families, and literary archaeologists. We may mention Lord Petre, the Hanmers of Mildenhall, the Herveys of Ickworth, the Bunburys of Bury, the Tollemaches, the Freres, the Fountaines, Sir John Fenn, Martin of Palgrave, Dawson Turner, and the Rev. John Mitford. It was the same, as we take elsewhere occasion to show, in the West of England, in the Midlands, in the Northern counties, and in the South of Scotland. The absence of ready communication with the metropolis and the relative insignificance of provincial centres kept libraries together. Their owners, while the agricultural interest was flourishing, had no motive for sale, and the inducement to part with such property was far less powerful, while the competition remained limited.
In Kent: Canterbury and Maidstone; in Surrey: Guildford, Croydon, Kingston, and even Richmond, may have helped to supply local requirements to a certain extent. But the Sydneys of Penshurst, the Oxindens of Barham, the Lee-Warlys, the Barretts of Lee, the Evelyns of Sayes-Court and Wootton, and others among the gentry of these and the adjacent shires, probably filled their shelves in principal measure from the London shops during their periodical visits to the metropolis for various purposes.
Even in later times the suburbs of London, and now and then such localities as Woolwich, Reading, Manchester, Shrewsbury, Salisbury, Wrexham, Conway, Keswick, and Dublin have yielded a prize or so, owing to the dispersion of some small library in the neighbourhood on the premises. Otherwise one may prospect the country towns all over the three kingdoms nowadays, and not see anything save new stock and penny-box ware. Even the provincial centres are, in general, sterile enough; but the rural districts are dried up. Every species of property seems to drift to London.
The Bristol houses, Kerslake, Jefferies, George, Lasbury, often came across rarities; but it is so no longer. The West has been threaded through. If there is a section of England where some good things may yet linger, it is, we should say, in Staffordshire, Lancashire, and Shropshire, to which might perhaps be added Worcestershire.
The seats of our two ancient Universities, and cathedral cities generally, have not yielded such ample fruit to the explorer, perhaps because there has always been a species of magnetic attraction, by which any spoils of the kind are drawn into the local libraries and museums. A graduate of Oxford or Cambridge, a canon of this or that church, a loyal dweller in Winchester or Lincoln, possesses or discovers a rare volume, and his impulse, if he does not keep it himself, is to bestow it on his place of residence or education. Whatever happens, the stranger coming to hunt in these preserves arrives only in time to learn that the stall or the shop has given up some unique desideratum a day or two before, and is referred to the librarian of the college, or to the buyer at such an address, if he desires to inspect it, which, if his aims are simply commercial, be sure he does not. The aggravation is already sufficient!
At the same time, the Universities and Inns of Court have been from time to time the homes of many famous book-collections. Robert Burton, Anthony Wood, John Selden, Sir David Dundas, Mr. Dyce, Dr. Bliss, Dr. Bandinel, Dr. Coxe, Mr. Bradshaw, are only a few select names.
In the same way there was a time, and not so distant, when Edinburgh, and even Dublin, yielded their proportion of finds, and the Duke of Roxburghe and General Swinton, David Laing and James Maidment, obtained no insignificant share of their extremely curious and valuable stores from their own ground. Now the Scotish amateur and bookseller equally look to the great metropolis for the supply of their wants, and the North Country libraries are sent up to London for sale. The capital of Scotland has lost its ancient prestige as a cover for this sort of sport, and is as unproductive as an ordinary English provincial town.
From an acquisitive standpoint the locality signifies no longer. The game is up. The three kingdoms have been well-nigh ransacked and exhausted. The country town is as bare as a bird's tail of anything but common-place stuff, bought in the London market, and (if any dweller in a distant city is simple enough to order it from the unsophisticated vendor) charged with a good profit and the freight up. Naturally the provincial dealer, if he stumbles on a gem or two in an accidental way, takes care that it is sold in no corner, unless it be at the corner of Wellington Street in the Strand. He considers that the value may be a matter of doubt, and he leaves it to gentlemen to decide between them how much it is worth. Do you blame him?
It is a frequently debated point whether at home in Great Britain the feeling for books, in the collector's sense, is not on the decline; and, indeed, the causes of such a change are not far to seek. The acute pressure of business among the wealthy mercantile class, which principally contributes to the ranks of book-buyers, and the decrease of resources for such luxuries among the nobility and clergy, might be sufficient to explain a shrinkage in the demand for the older and rarer literature in our own and other languages; but there is another and even more powerful agency at work which operates in the same direction, and is adverse to the investment of money in objects which do not appeal directly to the eye. The bibliophile discovers, when he has expended a small fortune (or perhaps a large one) in the formation of a library, that his friends evince no interest in it, have no desire to enter the room where the cases are kept, do not understand what they are told about this or that precious acquisition, and turn on their heel to look at the pictures, the antique furniture, or the china. This undoubtedly wide-spread sentiment strikes a very serious blow at a pursuit in which the enthusiast meets with slight sympathy or encouragement, unless it is at the hands of the dealers, naturally bound for their own sakes to keep him in heart by sympathy and flattery. Doubtless the present aspect of the question might have become ere now more serious, had it not been for the American market and the extension of the system of public and free libraries.
But, on the other hand, while enormous numbers of books are sold under the hammer year by year, there must be an approximately proportionate demand and an inexhaustible market, or the book trade could not keep pace with the auctioneers; and, moreover, we may be in a transitional state in some respects, and may be succeeded by those whose appetite for the older literature will be keener than it ever was.
The complaint of a superabundance of books of all kinds is not a new one. It goes back at least to the reign of Elizabeth and the age of Shakespeare, for in 1594, in a sermon preached at Paul's Cross, a divine says:—
"There is no ende of making Bookes, and much reading is a wearinesse to the flesh, and in our carelesse daies bookes may rather seeme to want readers, than readers to want bookes."
No one should be too positive whether it is to the rich or to the poor book-collector that the romantic element chiefly or more powerfully attaches itself. It has been our lot to enjoy the acquaintance of both classes, and we hesitate to pronounce any decided opinion. There is the unquestionable triumph of the man with a full purse or an inexhaustible banking account, who has merely to resolve upon a purchase or a series of purchases, and to write a cheque for the sum total. He is no sooner recognised by the members of the trade as a zealous enthusiast and a liberal paymaster, than offers arrive, and continue to arrive, from all sides. He is not asked to take any trouble; his library is an object of solicitude to everybody who has anything to sell; the order on his bankers is all that his humble servants desire. He finds himself, after the lapse of a decade or so, the master of a splendid collection, without having once known what it was to get disagreeably warm or anxious in the pursuit of a volume, to deliberate whether he could afford to buy it, or to submit to the ordeal of attending an auction, one of a motley throng in a fetid atmosphere. All these trials he has been spared; he has collected with kid gloves.
On the contrary, a good deal may be said in favour of the amateur of moderate fortune, who by personal judgment slowly accumulates an important and enviable assemblage of literary monuments, like the Rev. Thomas Corser, who spent L9000 during a lifetime on books, which realised L20,000, and would now bring thrice as much, and perhaps even more; and in that of men such as Charles Lamb and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who had to pause before they laid out a few shillings in this way. The history of Lamb's books is more humanly interesting than the history of the Huth or Grenville library; as chattels or furniture they were worthless; they were generally the poorest copies imaginable; but if they did not cost money, they often cost thought; they sometimes involved a sacrifice, if the price was in the high altitude of a sovereign. In the case of Lamb, the sister's opinion was sought, and the matter lay ever so long in abeyance before the final decision was taken, and Lamb hastened to the shop, uncertain if he might not be too late, if the person whom he saw emerging as he entered might not have his book in his pocket. Here was payment in full for the prize; the coin handed to the vendor was nothing to it; Lamb had laid out more than the value in many a sleepless night and many an anxious calculation. Lamb, although he probably never bound a volume of his own in his life, or purchased one for the sake of its cover, could grow enthusiastic over his favourite Duchess of Newcastle, and declare that no casket was rich enough, no casing sufficiently durable, to honour and keep safe such a jewel.
Collectors of the abstract type looked, and still look, at the essence or soul—at the object pure and simple. A book is a book for a' that. It may be imperfect, soiled, wormed, cropped, shabbily bound—all those things belong to its years; let it suffice that there is just enough of the author to be got in glimpses here and there to enable the proprietor of him in type to judge his quality and power. That is what such men as Lamb wanted—all they wanted. A copy of Burton's Anatomy, of Wither's Emblems, or Browne's Urn-Burial, in the best and newest morocco, was apt to be a hinderance to their enjoyment of the beauties of the text, was almost bound to strike them as an intrusion and an impertinence—perchance as a sort of sacrilege—as though the maker of the cover was seeking to place himself on a level with the maker of the book. Nor are there wanting successive renewers of this school of collector—of men who have bought books and other literary property for their own sake, for their intrinsic worth, irrespectively of rarity and price. A relative of the writer devoted a long life—a very long one—to the acquisition of what struck him as being curious and interesting in its way and fell within his resources, which were never too ample; and in the end he succeeded in gathering together, without much technical knowledge of the subject, a fairly large assortment of volumes, not appealing for the most part to the severer taste of the more fastidious and wealthier amateur, but endeared to him at least, as Lamb's were, by the circumstances under which they came to his hands. Each one had its historiette. This gentleman represented, as I say, a type, and a very genuine and laudable one, too. I admired, almost envied him, not in his possession, but in his enjoyment of these treasures; they were to him as the apple of his eye. When I speak of him as a type, I mean that the same phenomenon still exists. In a letter of 1898 from the extreme North of England there is the ensuing passage, which strongly impressed my fancy: "Ever since I had a house of my own—nearly twenty years—I have been a collector of books on a humble scale. . . . Still, by being continually on the look-out for 'bargains,' I have managed to gather between three and four thousand volumes together, chiefly of a poetical nature." Now, to my apprehension, the present aspect of the matter touches a higher or deeper chord than that reached by the owner of the most splendid library in the universe; for all this Heliconian harvest signified personal search and personal sacrifice.
We do not always bear in mind that the rare books of to-day were the current literature not merely of, but long posterior to, the period of their appearance. They suffered two kinds and stages of deterioration and waste. While they remained in vogue among readers and students, they necessarily submitted to a succession of more or less indifferent owners, who regarded without much concern objects which it was in their power to replace without much difficulty. The worst day dawned, however, for our ancient literature, especially that of a fugitive or sentimental class, when it had ceased to be in demand for practical purposes, and was not yet ripe for the men, in whose eyes it could only possess archaeological attractions. Independently of destruction by accidental fires, a century or two of neglect proved fatal to millions of volumes or other literary records in pamphlet or broadsheet form; and as tastes changed, the mill and the fire successively consumed the discarded favourites of bygone generations, just as at the present moment we pulp or burn from day to day cartloads of old science, and theology, and law, and fiction, and ever so much more, preparing to grow unique.
The Mill has been as busy as the Press all these centuries on which we look back. It has neither eyes nor ears, nor has it compassion; it unrelentingly grinds and consumes all that comes in its way; age after age it has reduced to dust what the men of the time refuse in the presence of something newer, and, as they hold, better. The printers of each generation, from those of Mainz downward, lent themselves, not unnaturally, not unwisely, to subjects in the first place (by way of experiment) which were not costly, and secondly to such as appealed to contemporary taste and patronage. We find under the former head Indulgences, Proclamations, Broadsides, Ballads; under the second, Church Service Books of all kinds, succeeded after a while by certain of the Classics. The impressions long remained limited; and continual use and subsequent neglect accomplished between them the task of creating the modern bibliographical and bibliomaniacal schools.
Even in Anglo-Saxon times the ferocity of warfare and the ravages of invasion on invasion, coupled with the scanty diffusion of literary taste, destroyed many of the monastic libraries. But, which is stranger and less excusable, even down to the second half of the seventeenth century, down to Aubrey's day, the greatest havoc continued to be made in this way alike among printed books and MSS., the latter being used for all sorts of utilitarian purposes—even as bungs for beer-barrels. In our own period it is immeasurably sadder and more astonishing to learn that, besides the losses arising from casual conflagrations to public and private libraries, the old vandalism is not extinct, and that nothing is sacred in its eyes, not even the priceless muniments of a cathedral church.
What must the aggregate have become, if such a process had not been steadily in operation all these centuries! And, even as it is, the dispersion of old libraries, like those of Johnson of Spalding and Skene of Skene, encourages the waste-paper dealer to believe that the end is not yet reached. The frequenter of the auction-rooms of London alone has perpetually under his eyes a mountain of illegible printed matter sufficient to overload the shoulders of Atlas.
Bibliomania has as many heads as the famed Briareus; but it seldom lifts more than two or three at once. Perhaps it would be impossible to name any variety of fancy which has not at some time entered into the pursuit which we are just now attempting to illustrate. The love of the book without regard to the binding, or of the binding irrespectively of the book; the fashion for works with woodcuts, of certain printers, of certain places, of certain dates; the establishment of a fixed rule as to a subject or a group of subjects, taken up collectively or in succession; a limitation as to price or as to size, for a candidate for admittance to some cabinets may not exceed so many inches in altitude; it must go back to the century which produced it, to be rewritten or reprinted, ere it may have a place.
It is said of the elder Wertheimer that, when some one expressed his astonishment at the price which he had given for an item, and even insinuated his want of wisdom, he retorted pleasantly that he might be a fool, but he thought that he knew greater ones than himself.
Do we not under existing conditions view with too uncharitable sentiments the marvellous good fortune of the book-hunters of the last century, at the very outset of a revival of the taste for our own vernacular literature? Does it not seem tantalising to hear that Warton the historian could pick up for sixpence a volume containing Venus and Adonis, 1596, and seven other precious morceaux, off a broker's counter in Salisbury, when the British Museum gave at the Daniel sale L336 for the Shakespeare alone? What a thrill passes through the veins, as we read of Rodd the bookseller meeting at a marine store-shop on Saffron Hill, somewhere about the thirties, with a volume of Elizabethan tracts, and having it weighed out to him at threepence three-farthings! Our space is far more limited than such anecdotes; but they all strike us as pointing the same moral. If one happens on a Caxton or a quarto Shakespeare to-day for a trifle, it is the isolated ignorance of the possessor which befriends one. But till the market came for these things, the price for what very few wanted was naturally low; and an acquirer like George Steevens, Edward Capell, or Edmond Malone was scarcely apt to feel the keen gratification on meeting with some unique find that a man would now do, seeing that its rarity was yet unascertained, and even had it been so, was not likely to awaken much sensation.
Low prices do not alone establish cheapness. Cheap books are those which are obtained by accident under the current value. In the time of the later Stuarts, Narcissus Luttrell found from one penny to sixpence sufficient to satisfy the shopkeepers with whom he dealt for some of the most precious volumes in our language; and a shilling commanded a Caxton. The Huths of those days could not lay out their money in these things; they had to take up the ancient typography in the form of the classics, or large-paper copies of contemporary historians, or the publications of Hearne.
We do not know that the celebrated Chevalier D'Eon was singular in his views as a collector in the last century. He bought in chief measure, if we may judge from a document before us, what we should now term nondescripts, and in the aggregate gave a very handsome price at a London auction in 1771 for an assemblage of items at present procurable, if any one wanted them, at a far lower rate. There is not a lot throughout which would recommend itself to modern taste, save the Cuisinier Francois, and perhaps that was not in the old morocco livery considered by judges as de rigueur. We append the auctioneer's account entire, because it exhibits a fair example of the class of book which not only Frenchmen, but ourselves, sought at that time more than those for which we have long learned to compete, and which were then offered under the hammer by the bundle, if not by the basketful. For L8, 4s., a hundred and twenty-five years ago, how many quarto Shakespears could one have acquired?
THE CHEVALIER D'EON, Bought of Baker & Leigh.
L s. d.
Catalogus Librorum MSS. Angl. et Hibern 0 7 6 Index Librorum Bibliothecae Barberinae, 2 vols. 0 10 6 Reading Catal. Lib. in Collegio Sionensi 0 4 0 Le Long, Bibliotheque Hist. de la France 0 9 0 Voyage Literaire de deux Religieux Benedictins 0 5 0 Histoire de Demelez de la Cour de France 0 2 6 Memoires sur le Rang entre les Souv. de l'Europe, &c. 0 2 6 Discours Politiques sur Tacite, par Josseval 0 2 0 Dictionnaire Mathematique, par Ozanam 0 5 0 Dictionnaire Practique du Bon Menager de Campagne, par Liger, 2 vols. 0 6 0 Leland agt. Bolingbroke's Study of History 0 2 0 Mutel's Causes of the Corruption of Christians 0 1 0 Bindon on Commerce 0 2 6 Essay on Money, Trade, War, Banks, &c. 0 1 0 England's Gazetteer, 3 vols. 0 7 6 Halifax's Advice to a Daughter 0 1 0 Tresor de la Pratique de Medecine, 3 vols. 0 4 0 Seneque de la Consolation de la Mort 0 1 0 Tacite (la Morale de) par Houssaie 0 1 6 Tite Live reduit en Maximes 0 1 0 Gracien l'Homme Universel 0 1 6 L'Ecole de l'Homme 0 2 6 Memoire pour diminuer le nombre de Preces 0 1 6 Receuil des Edits 0 1 6 Le Secret des Cours, par Walsingham 0 1 6 Receuil de Maximes pour Institut. du Roy 0 1 0 Callieres de la Science du Monde 0 1 0 Traites des Interests des Princes' & Souverains de l'Europe 0 1 0 Sciences des Princes, par Naude, 3 vols. 0 5 0 Etat present du Royaume de Danemarc 0 2 0 Memoires de l'Empire Russien 0 1 6 Memoires & Negociations Secrettes de diverses Cours de l'Europe par M. la Torre, 5 vols. 0 7 6 Memoires pour Servir a l'Histoire de Corse 0 1 6 Memoires Militaires sur les Anciens, 2 vols. 0 2 0 Histoire Generale de Suisse 0 2 0 Memoire du Card. Richelieu, 5 vols. 0 5 0 La Vie du Card. Richelieu, 2 vols. 0 4 0 La Vie de Mons. Colbert 0 1 6 Voyage de Grece, Egypte, &c. 0 2 0 Voyage du Mont du Levant 0 1 6 Lettres du Card. Richelieu 0 1 0 Lettres d'un Turque a Paris 0 1 6 Lettres Persanes, par Montesquieu 0 3 0 Le Passe Tems Agreable 0 1 6 Essai Politique sur le Commerce 0 2 0 Theorie de l'Impot 0 2 0 Histoire du Systeme des Finances, 1719 & 1720, 6 vols. 0 6 0 Histoire du Commerce, par Huet 0 2 0 Le Vrai Cuisinier Francois 0 1 6 Dictionnaire Neologique 0 2 0 Relations de quelques Religieux, 6 vols. 0 10 6 Reflexions sur l'Edit 0 1 0 Several lots of Pamphlets, 1s. each 0 4 0 Five Pamphlets, at 6d. each 0 2 6 ———— L8 4 0 ========
Jan. 12th, 1771.
Recd. the contents For Baker and Self, GEO. LEIGH.
The neglect of our early literature continued, as we have said, down to the second half of the eighteenth century. Prior to that time, all the information at our command tends to show that collectors almost uniformly restricted themselves to the books current in or about their own time, as we find even Pepys asking Bagford to secure for him, not Caxtons or Elizabethan books, but items which we should now regard with comparative or absolute indifference. While some insignificant trifle, which had happened to go out of print, was sought with avidity, while editions of the classics and Continental writers, long since converted to waste paper, were objects of keen rivalry, the most precious examples of ancient English and Scotish typography and poetry were obtainable for pence.
A very interesting side to the subject before us is the share claimable in it by the fair sex. In our two Rolls of Book-Collectors we have included the names of several ladies, who in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, as well as in the earlier part of the present, established a title to rank among possessors of libraries in a larger or smaller measure. Two of the most prominent names are probably those of Miss Richardson Currer, of Eshton Hall, Yorkshire, and Mrs. Rylands of Manchester, the latter not only the acquirer of the Althorp treasures, but of a most valuable body of books, ancient and modern, in augmentation of them. This feature in the annals of collecting is the more to be borne in mind, in that it has in recent days declined almost to disappearance, and may be said to be limited to a few gentlewomen, who pursue special studies, like the Hon. Alicia Amherst and Mrs. Earle, and bring together for use or reference the works illustrative of them.
A study of the writer's Rolls of Book-Collectors, which embrace over two thousand names, will satisfy any one that the hereditary or transmitted collections in this country are very few, if we limit ourselves to libraries of note, and do not compensate for the long catalogue of old libraries which have been dispersed even in our own time. Are there really more than the Miller and the Huth, unless we add the Spencer or Althorp, kept intact and amplified, yet in the hands of a stranger? Book-collecting by individuals is, then, mainly a personal affair, which begins and ends with a life. The continuance even of the two libraries above mentioned in private hands cannot be regarded as otherwise than precarious and terminable; the fourth succession of Miller has just expired in an unexpected manner, and the destiny of the Britwell treasures is problematical. Rumour has long since pointed to the Advocates' Library at Edinburgh as the ultimate reversioner.
In a volume of moderate compass, professedly addressing itself in a special manner to English collectors, the consideration of foreign literature must of necessity be a secondary and incidental feature and element, although it may be quite true that our countrymen and countrywomen look so frequently aside, as it were, from the literary productions of their own soil to study those of other lands. In Great Britain we may be said to be much more cosmopolitan in our book-collecting tastes than many of our contemporaries on the Continent of Europe, Germany perhaps excepted. In France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, and elsewhere, the demand is almost exclusively for native authors; but the Germans, Americans, and ourselves take a pride, and a just one, in being more catholic and broad: we see the advantage, no doubt, and no doubt we reap the fruit, of such a policy. At the same time, in a monograph of limited scope it is obviously impossible to embrace even a general view of the enormously wide range which is before any one who crosses over from his own country to add to his English possessions even a select collection of books in foreign languages; and we have confined our efforts in this direction to an indication of such typical or special works (principally French) as are usually sought by people in these islands, who resort more or less to the Continental market. Even prominent Anglo-French amateurs like Mr. R. S. Turner and Lord Ashburton are found keeping within certain classes of literature, and certain copies recommendable by their provenance, binding, or graphic peculiarities.
Spoliation of public libraries in past times—Denouncers of the robbers of books—Schedule of public libraries in the United Kingdom—View of the chief features of some of these—Cathedral libraries—Public libraries on the Continent and in America—Early English books in foreign collections—Difference in the constitution of public collections—Private libraries—Their classification—The writer's Rolls of Collectors—The Harleian Library—The idea borrowed from abroad—Formation of a new English School of Collecting—The Roxburghe sale in 1812—Richard Heber and his vast library—His services to literature—His scholarship—The Britwell Library.
IT hardly falls within the province of a manual for the book-collector to dwell on the character and relative merits of the purely public libraries at home and abroad, or even on the bibliographical possessions of private personages which are not available for purchase. Recent experience, however, teaches us that we are not entitled to count any longer on the intact preservation of the books of any individual or family, as the sale by auction has almost become fashionable. At any rate, there can be no harm in introducing a few remarks on this aspect and branch of our subject, particularly seeing that the effect of throwing on the market thousands of rare books, which were once thought to be hopelessly unattainable, has contributed to improve the prospects and opportunities of purchasers.
The spoliation of public libraries at home and abroad is an aspect of the question or subject neither very agreeable nor very flattering. In England and other parts of the Empire, within the last century, numerous examples have occurred where valuable or unique books have been stolen or mutilated. The national collection in Great Russell Street has perhaps suffered the least, and whatever may be said about the system on which it was formerly conducted and managed, sufficient care seems always to have been exercised to guard against depredators of various kinds. So far as is publicly known, petty thefts of articles more or less easily replaceable are all that we have to regret. It is notorious that the Bodleian has lost several important volumes, and no one will probably ever arrive at any definite information of the extent to which the libraries at Cambridge and the other minor collections at the sister Universities of Oxford, Edinburgh, and Dublin have been pillaged and impoverished.
It has been the same all over the Continent. The Bibliotheque Nationale at Paris, and many of the leading provincial libraries of France, have been robbed wholesale in former times, and in some cases annihilated. One has only to read the observations and evidence of M. Achille Jubinal accompanying a (then) inedited letter of Montaigne (8vo, Paris, 1850), to form an idea of the ravages which have been made through neglect of officials and dishonesty of visitors; and what must the fact be in Italy, Spain, Portugal, and elsewhere? The denunciations against robbers of books and libraries date, however, from the remotest period, and were at first highly necessary as a means of safeguarding the treasures of monasteries and churches. Isaac Taylor, in his History of the Transmission of Ancient Books to Modern Times, 1875, p. 246, prints an anathema of this kind: "Whosoever removeth this volume from this same mentioned convent, may the anger of the Lord overtake him in this world, and in the next to all eternity. Amen." Let the energetic explorers who have transferred so many hundreds of such MSS. to the Vatican and the British Museum look to it; and what are His Holiness and the Trustees in Great Russell Street but palpable accessories after, if not before, the fact! A common peril hangs over them all.
A visit to a library such as the British Museum or the Bodleian, or even to those of some of the Colleges at Oxford and Cambridge, is apt to instil a feeling of reverential affection for the founders and benefactors of such institutions; the existing functionaries seem to withdraw into middle distance, and one enters into communion with the spirits of the departed.
From the private collector's point of view these great public libraries are mainly serviceable for purposes of reference and comparative study. These storehouses of bibliographical and literary wealth may be classified into—
(i) National or quasi-National Collections:— The British Museum Guildhall Library South Kensington Museum (Dyce and Forster and General Fine Art Collections) Society of Antiquaries Dr. William's Library, Gordon Square Chetham Library, Manchester Spencer-Rylands Library, Manchester Bodleian University Library, Cambridge University Library, Edinburgh Advocates' Library, Edinburgh Signet Library, Edinburgh Hunterian Library, Glasgow Trinity College, Dublin
The British Museum readily divides itself, of course very unequally, into the Printed Book and Manuscript Departments, and each of these has been periodically enriched by large donations or purchases en bloc, the former more especially by the gift of the Grenville books, and the latter by the Cottonian, Harleian, Lansdowne, Stowe, and Hardwicke MSS. The Bodleian would fall far short of what it is, had it not been for the bequests of Tanner, Selden, Burton, Crynes, Gough, Malone, and Douce, and so with the University Library at Cambridge, which owes so much to Bishop Moore's books, and Trinity, Dublin, to Archbishop Marsh's.
(ii) College Libraries:— Sion College Dulwich College Eton College Winchester College Stonyhurst College St. Cuthbert's College, Ushaw Cambridge Colleges Oxford Colleges
Sion College preserves a few items of the rarest and most precious class—Shakespeare's Lucrece, 1594, Barnfield's Affectionate Shepherd, 1594, the Phoenix Nest, 1593, Drayton's Matilda, 1594, and others; but a few specified in the old catalogue have disappeared. Many of the most valuable volumes bequeathed by Edward Alleyn to Dulwich are now among Garrick's books in the British Museum, or among Malone's at Oxford, by conveyance; but a few yet remain. Eton College Library contains a small number of early printed books (including Caxton's Book of Good Manners) and the unique copy of Udall's Ralph Roister Doister. At Winchester they have a volume or two of very rare poetical tracts of Elizabeth's and James I.'s time. Stonyhurst is solely remarkable for MSS. and printed works of Robert Southwell and other Romish writers.
Of the subordinate libraries at Oxford and Cambridge the treasures are innumerable. Those which belong to the printed department are very fully registered in special catalogues and by Hazlitt, except, perhaps, the very recent legacy to Trinity College, Cambridge, of the library of the late Mr. Samuel Sandars, rich in early English typography, and the result of life-long researches.
Outside these fall the Royal Library at Windsor, which includes the unique perfect AEsop, and one of the two books on vellum (the Doctrinal of Sapience) printed by Caxton; the Archiepiscopal one at Lambeth, rich in rare early printed books and MSS., and the Chetham and Rylands foundations at Manchester, the latter comprehending the Althorp treasures en bloc. Humphrey Chetham also established the Church Libraries at Turton and Gorton, bibliographical notices of which have been printed by Mr. Gilbert French, 4to, 1856; and a few strays from the Chetham collection will be incidentally mentioned hereafter.
A reference to the writer's Collections, where such facts are not matters of familiar knowledge, will show that the majority of this section is more remarkable for the possession of a few rarities, or even unique items, than for a systematic representation of classes and periods. Yet some are very strong in specialities: Christ Church, Oxford, in music; Magdalen, Cambridge, in early English books (Pepys's); Corpus, Cambridge, in MSS. (Archbishop Parker's); the Bodleian, in Shakespeariana, early popular books, Elizabethan poetry, &c. (Malone's, Douce's, Selden's, Burton's), and so forth.
(iii) Cathedral Libraries:— St. Paul's, London Canterbury (Christ Church) York Minster and Chapter Peterborough Lichfield Lincoln Hereford
At Lincoln there was formerly the precious Honeywood bequest, improperly sold to Dibdin for 500 guineas; but the library still contains about 5000 volumes, to which the Dean and Chapter make additions from time to time; and there is a paid custodian, who is one of the minor canons. York Minster and Chapter are rich in early typography and Yorkshire books. The Cathedral library is under the charge of a canon as librarian and a vicar-choral as sub-librarian, who receive no salary. It is open to the public on three days in summer and on two days in winter in each week. There is no fund for the support or improvement of the library, except the interest of L400 and a few voluntary subscriptions. Hereford possesses a remarkable assemblage of chained volumes. To the present group most properly appertains the library at Westminster Abbey, founded by Lord-Keeper Williams, while he was Dean of Westminster.
(iv) Public Libraries on the Continent or in America:— Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris French Institute (the gift of the late Duc d'Aumale), Chantilly Vatican Library, Rome Royal Library, Naples Medicean Library, Florence St. Mark's Library, Venice Royal Library, Turin Imperial Library, Vienna Imperial Library, St. Petersburg Royal Library, Berlin Library of Electors and Kings of Bavaria, Muenich Library of the Dukes and Kings of Saxony, Woelfenbuettel Landerbibliothek, Cassel Public Library, Hamburg Public Library, Goettingen Public Library, Zuerich Archiepiscopal Library, Eichstadt Archiepiscopal Library, Salzburg Archiepiscopal Library, Worms, &c. Plantin Museum, Antwerp University Library, Upsala Royal Library, Copenhagen Lenox and Carter Brown Libraries, New York
The two last named, as it may be at once concluded, are principally English and Anglo-American in their character. Our collectors do not, as we are aware, by any means restrict themselves to the literature of the mother country so exclusively as their Transatlantic contemporaries; and for them therefore it becomes of importance and interest to acquire through catalogues a familiarity with the contents of the leading assemblages of foreign and classical literature in Continental hands. But there are very few of the great public libraries abroad which have not casually or otherwise acquired English books, and those of the rarest description. At Goettingen they have, from an auction at Lueneburg in 1767, the C. Merry Tales of 1526; at Cassel, Marlowe's Edward II., 1594; and at Hamburg the Elizabethan edition of Blanchardine and Eglantine, 1597, all unique or most rare; and this is only by way of instance or sample. The Huth copy of Shakespeare's Sonnets, 1609, was obtained from Zuerich.
The private amateur does well if he keeps before him the salient features connected with his pursuit from this point of view. It is to be deeply regretted that the Government of the Netherlands did not take steps to preserve intact the Enscheden collection at Haarlem, in the same manner that that of Belgium did the Plantin heirlooms.
The late Mr. Quaritch narrated an amusing and characteristic anecdote, commemorative of his participation in the Enscheden sale, where the agent of the British Museum waited till the morning to bid at the table for the Troy-Book, printed by Wynkyn de Worde in 1502, and he bought it privately over-night of the auctioneer.
There is, it must be noted, a fundamental difference in the constitution of public libraries in Great Britain and America as compared with those on the Continent. The latter, if they do not restrict themselves, in principal measure, to the literature of their own country, or at least tongue, very seldom go far outside those limits otherwise than by accident or for works of reference. On the contrary, the English and American collections are cosmopolitan, like those who have formed them. At the British Museum a volume in Icelandic, Chinese, Hawaian, or any other character is welcomed nearly as much as one in the vernacular. In Germany, at all events at Berlin and Vienna, English books of importance are recognised. But at the Bibliotheque in Paris it is not so. The French collect only the classics and their own literature, just as they ignore in coins all but the Greek and Roman and national series.
Within their own lines, however, it is wonderful, looking at all the political convulsions which the country and capital have undergone, what vast treasures remain in France—treasures of all epochs and in every class, from the rise to the fall of the monarchy, from volumes written for the Carolingian, if not Merovingian kings, to volumes bound for Marie Antoinette.
Some interesting and instructive notices of our own public libraries, and of a few private collections of former times, may be found in the later volumes of the Retrospective Review.
The two Rolls of Collectors before mentioned are capable of making a not inconsiderable volume; but they are classifiable in groups and periods, and certain individuals may be taken as the central figures in the successive onward movements. Our immediate concern is with printed monuments, and consequently we do not hearken back beyond the men who witnessed the introduction of typography. Nor does there appear, while the purchasing power of money for literary possessions or the book-closet was high, to have been any esprit de corps or emulation tending to constitute schools or coteries, and to raise certain books or series to an artificial standard. Men at first acquired at random what happened to fall in their way; booksellers there were few or (except at London or in the Universities) next to none; and auctions were long unknown. Except for topography and the classics, there was, down to the middle of the eighteenth century, no active competition. The bulk of the Harleian Library was probably obtained without extravagant outlay, though not without labour and time; not those divisions which we should now prize would be the most expensive, unless we include the manuscripts for which Lord Oxford had even then to pay a price.
We have drawn the line where it appears that the principle of forming libraries, in the modern sense of the word, commenced in this country. Down to the Harleian epoch, when the Continental system began to influence us, the shelf of books which we observe in many old prints was the limit of nearly all collectors: not necessarily of their resources, but of their views and of the feeling of the time. Men acquired a handful or so of volumes, which came into their hands by gift or otherwise; from the absence or paucity of public institutions there were few individuals of any culture whatever without a few books besides the family Bible and Pilgrim's Progress; but such a colossal accumulation as was formed under the auspices of the second Lord Oxford, and still more that of Richard Heber, was as undreamt of as the vast and multifarious contents of the building in Great Russell Street as it now exists. A study of early correspondence and other sources of original information on the present point will be found to corroborate such a view of the average private collection in these islands anterior to the last century.
It was not till many years after the dispersion of that noble Harleian memorial of generous ardour among the public and private collections of England and the Continent (Dr. Johnson in his letter to Sir F. Barnard, 1768, says that many books passed direct into the Bibliotheque du Roi at Paris), that the Shakespeare revival led to an inquiry, on the one hand, into the literature connected with the Elizabethan period, and on the other to a partial discovery of how much of it had perished. That epoch may be regarded as the true Hegira from which we have to date the modern annals of collecting; the antecedent time was in a sense pre-historic, for the most precious remains of our national literature were unheeded and uncalendared; the means of forming a comprehensive estimate of the printed stores in actual existence were yet latent or unknown, and the almost undivided attention of students and purchasers was directed to the ancient classics and foreign typography. It must be conceded, we think, that whatever the importance of those branches of inquiry may be, the cause of British letters is more closely and permanently bound up with our own classics and the products of our own soil; and we repeat that the movement which first gave a stimulus to a sort of revolt from the Continental school and to the formation of a native one was the persuasion, on the part of a few scholars, that something more was to be done towards popularising the plays of Shakespeare and his more eminent contemporaries, and elucidating their writings by the help of those who lived amid the same scenes and habits of thought and under the same institutions.
Leigh Hunt used to speak to me of having attended the great Roxburghe sale in 1812 just for the sake of gaining an idea of what such an affair was. It was, no doubt, a fine collection which the noble owner and his predecessors (particularly John, Earl of Roxburghe in the time of Queen Anne) had acquired, mainly in the preceding century, at very moderate prices; and the result must have been highly satisfactory to the estate. But many things have happened since then; the Heber Library, the most extensive, most valuable, and most ill-fated in its realisation: the grandest and proudest bibliographical monument of the nineteenth or any other century, has been completed and scattered; and yet to-day, if the general reader were asked, he would probably be of the belief that the first rank was due to the earlier personage and collection. There is somehow a prestige about the Roxburghe sale which time seems incapable of weakening; yet in comparison with its successor it was a mere handful; and in fact the accumulations even of Harley, the second Earl of Oxford, vast and precious as they may have been, were not equal in magnitude or in value to those of Heber, of whom the most surprising and most interesting trait is his conversance with the interiors of so many of his treasures; nor should we ever forget his generosity in lending them to literary workers. The Rev. Alexander Dyce, who so ably edited our elder dramatists and poets, could never have accomplished his projects, if Heber had not come to his assistance with the rare, or even unique, original editions.
We have taken elsewhere an opportunity of recording the probable obligation under which we all lie to Heber for his offices in prevailing on the Government under the Regency to arrange the so-called gift to the country of the library of George III. What an inestimable boon and advantage it would have been, had he left us his own magnificent gatherings, with the liberty of exchanging duplicates! To how many a subsequent collection would such a step have been the deathblow or rather an insuperable bar! The Britwell and Huth libraries would have been robbed of half their gems, and the Daniel sale could not have proved the singular coup and sensation which it was, had the Heber element been absent.
The flyleaves of an enormous proportion of Heber's books are found enriched by his scholarly and often very interesting memoranda; they usually bear a stamp with BIBLIOTHECA HEBERIANA, but never an ex libris. That distinction the accomplished owner resigned to minor luminaries. The notes are always pertinent and occasionally numerous; and the pages of the sale catalogue, of which we have no fewer than thirteen parts, are lifted above mechanical common-place by the curious and varied matter interspersed from this source, as well as to a certain extent from the pen of John Payne Collier, who edited the early poetical and dramatic portions, and attended the auction to secure some of the rarest old plays for his friend the Duke of Devonshire.
Heber had, in the course of a not very prolonged life (he died at sixty), absorbed by degrees mainly all that fell within his reach, both at home and abroad; and he acquired much which never came to England, but was warehoused at Antwerp or elsewhere on the Continent, pending future arrangements, which he did not live to make. The library is said to have cost L150,000, and to have fetched about a third of that sum. As the owner had built it up from the ruins of others, so some more recent collectors found there their opportunity.
A good deal of interesting information about this once conspicuous figure in book-collecting circles may be found in Dibdin's Reminiscences. Heber seems to have inherited some shares in Elliott's brewery at Pimlico, and a residence within the precincts. How far this fortune contributed to enable him to devote so large an amount to the purchase of books and MSS., we hardly know; it was said that he derived advantage from the slave trade, but perhaps this was a calumny. At any rate, there was trouble which saddened his later years.
Mr. William Henry Miller of Craigentinny bought nearly the whole of the early English poetry, and made the Britwell Library what it was and is; and George Daniel of Canonbury carried off, at what might have then seemed exorbitant prices, the Shakespeare quartos, to have the enjoyment of them for thirty years, and then leave them as a valuable inheritance to his family; for his death just occurred, when Henry Huth had begun to compete more courageously for this class of books, and when the National Library was in a better position to offer tall figures for really vital acquisitions. It was in 1864, and the struggle for the quartos and a few other prizes was principally between the British Museum, Mr. Huth, and Sir William Tite.
At the present moment the Britwell collection is probably, on the whole, the finest private library in the kingdom; the founder of it was a solicitor in Edinburgh, whose name already meets the eye as a purchaser in 1819, when the Marquis of Blandford's books were sold at White-Knight's, and it passed by bequest to the Christy family, in whose hands it now remains.
Had it not been for Heber and for the bibliophobia which prevailed, when his possessions came to the hammer in 1834, it is doubtful whether Miller of Craigentinny could have achieved the extraordinary coup, which he did by transferring to his own shelves at one swoop the harvest of a lifetime—a lifetime almost dedicated to a single object.
The Huth Library—Special familiarity of the writer with it—Seven influential collectors of our time—The great dispersions of old-established libraries—Althorp—Ashburnham—Johnson of Spalding—List of the other leading collections, which no longer exist.
DURING a long series of years it was my special good fortune to see nearly every week the late Mr. Henry Huth, and to learn from him many particulars of the sources from which he had derived some of his fine and rare books. We made Mr. Huth's acquaintance not long after the enrichment of his library by the sale of George Daniel's collection in 1864; and that, with his very important acquisitions when Mr. Corser died, and his early English poetry came into the market soon after, constituted the backbone or stamina of the new-comer. Mr. Huth did not collect on a large scale during a great length of time; he made his library, or had it made for him, chiefly between 1854, when he bought his first folio Shakespeare at Dunn-Gardner's auction, and 1870. Once or twice his health and spirits failed, and he was always more or less desultory and capricious. We saw him one afternoon, when he shyly mentioned that he had at last taken courage to order home the Mazarin Bible, which Mr. Quaritch had kept two years after giving L2625 for it at the Perkins sale, and then sold to Mr. Huth for L25 profit. He did not show the book to us, for he had not opened the parcel, and confessed that he was rather ashamed of himself. A very curious circumstance was that one of the Rothschilds, who had been nibbling at the copy, called at Quaritch's a day or so later, and was of course vexed to find that he had been anticipated. Huth necessarily bought in every case, like Addington and Locker, at the top of the market, for he waited till the books were shown or sent to him; he never searched for them. Condition governed his choice a good deal; he was fond of Spanish books, his mother having been a Spaniard, and of early German ones, being a German on his father's side. He took the classics and Americana rather hesitatingly, and there is no doubt that the old English literature interested him most powerfully, as it was most fully represented on his shelves. The folio volume of black-letter ballads, knocked down to his agent at the Daniel sale for L750, was regarded by him with special tenderness; but we think that its real history was unknown to him. He was not aware that it was only a selection by Daniel from a much larger number obtained by Thorpe the bookseller from a private source, suspected to have been a person in the employment of the Tollemaches of Helmingham Hall, near Ipswich. Thorpe parted with the bulk to Mr. Heber for L200, and the latter, in sending the vendor the money, declared how conscious he was of his extravagance, and asked whether he had been so fortunate as to secure "the inheritance of the Stationers' Company!"
A far more extensive collection, though of later date, came some years afterward into Mr. Huth's possession; it consisted of three hundred and thirty-four sheet ballads of the Stuart period, which had formed part of a larger lot bought at a house-sale in the West of England for fifty shillings. Some went to the British Museum, some elsewhere; Mr. Huth's share cost him L500!
The Huth catalogue is a disappointing production, owing to the circumstance that a good deal of useful information was suppressed, and the opportunity was not taken, where expense was the least object, to furnish an exhaustive account of the books. It is singular that the Grenville and Chatsworth catalogues were spoiled much in the same way, and that Lord Ashburnham's own privately printed account of his books is a thousandfold inferior to the auctioneer's one.
The Duke of Roxburghe, Mr. Heber, Mr. Grenville, Mr. Daniel, Lord Spencer, Mr. Miller and Mr. Huth were seven personages who exercised on the printed book-market in their time (to say nothing of MSS.) a very notable influence, particularly Heber. One might add the names of Mr. Jolley, Mr. Bright, and Mr. Corser, who severally between 1810 and 1870 made their competition sensible and raised the standard of prices for many classes of old English books. It was said in 1845, when the Bright Library was dispersed, that the advance in realised values led some collectors to relinquish the pursuit. The formation, not only of such a library as that of Heber or Harley, but that of Corser or Daniel or Bright, will be in the future a sheer impossibility from the absence of the means of acquiring in many branches so large a proportion of the rarer desiderata. To gather together a collection of books on an extensive scale may always remain feasible; but the probability seems to be that assemblages of literary property outside mere works of reference will show a tendency to distribute themselves over a more numerous body of owners, including the public repository, which year by year removes a certain body of rare books of all kinds beyond the reach of competition. The Bright episode was to a considerable extent a duel between Mr. Corser and the British Museum. But Mr. Miller and Lord Ashburnham, and (it may be added) Mr. Henry Cunliffe of the Albany, were also in the field; and two years prior, Maitland in his Account of the Early Printed Books at Lambeth, 1843, already takes occasion to animadvert on what he terms the puerile competition for rarities, which had then set in.
Miss Richardson Currer, of Eshton Hall, Craven, Yorkshire, whose extensive and valuable library came to the hammer in 1864, was one of the most distinguished lady-collectors of the century. There is a privately printed catalogue of the books, of which two editions appeared in 1820 and 1833. Miss Currer was a competitor side by side with those already named for a certain proportion of the literary treasures which were in the market in her time. The late Lady Charlotte Schreiber confined herself to a few subjects, of which playing-cards were one; but both these personages have been eclipsed in our immediate day by Mrs. Rylands, who conceived, as a tribute to the memory of a deceased husband, the princely design of founding on the theatre of his commercial success a grand literary monument, of which the Spencer books should be the nucleus and central feature.
One of the greatest surprises of our time in a bookish way was not the sale of the library at Althorp, which had been rumoured as a contingency many years before it occurred, but its transfer by the purchaser to Manchester. We were all rather sorry to learn that the climax had at length been reached; the sacrifice was doubtless a painful one on more than one account; but it was presumably unavoidable, and the noble owner was encouraged by numerous precedents: the fashion for selling had quite set in then. I visited Althorp in 1868 for the purpose of examining some of its treasures. I remember the room, and the corner of it where the largest private collection of Caxtons in the world was kept, and the glass case which enshrined quite a number of Elizabethan rarities. His Lordship mounted a ladder to get me one or two of his Aldines printed on vellum. He showed me a delightful old volume of tracts, bound in a vellum wrapper, some absolutely unique, which his grandfather had bought, and a copy of the romance of Richard Coeur de Lion, 1509, which came out of a poor cottage in Lincolnshire. That former Lord Spencer once did a gentlemanly act in handing Payne the bookseller a bonus of L50, on finding that a volume he had had from him was a Caxton. Alas! the spell is broken. Althorp was its library, and that has left it for ever! Sic transit gloria.
In the wake of the Spencer books have followed those of the late Earl of Ashburnham, whose representative had previously disposed of his father's coins and of some of the MSS. The remainder of the latter still await dispersion or a purchaser en bloc.
The Ashburnham printed books included a considerable number of Caxtons and Wynkyn de Wordes, the St. Albans Chronicle and Book of Hunting, &c., printed at the same place, and many distinguished rarities in the foreign series of ancient typography; but first and foremost the Perkins copy of the Gutenberg or Mazarin Bible on vellum, which realised L4000, being L600 in excess of the figure given by the buyer. There was also the Bible of 1462 on vellum, which fetched L1500.
But the prevalent characteristic of the collection was an ostensible indifference on the part of the nobleman who formed it to condition. There were several fine books and interesting examples of binding; but the absence of any definite plan and of judgment was conspicuous throughout. Circumstances aided the immediate proprietor in his project for converting the property into cash, and the prices reached were, in the cases of the early printed volumes by Caxton and others, simply unprecedented, looking at the sorry state of the copies offered. The catalogue (sooth to speak) was not very carefully or scientifically prepared, and when the important lots were put on the table, the company had, as a rule, some serious deduction to make from the account printed by the auctioneers. The noble vendor did not see anything unbecoming in attendance to note the prices of lots during the earlier stages, and did not disguise his gratification when a book brought a heavy profit. Yet twenty years ago it was almost accounted a disgrace for an ancient family even to part with its heirlooms. In those cases, when want of the money cannot and is not pleaded, the proceeding seems all the stranger and the more discreditable. The late Lord bought at the right time, and his son sold at the right time. The prices realised were not merely high, but outrageous. Yet, after all, prices are a figure of speech and a relative term. To a wealthy Manchester manufacturer a thousand pounds are nothing more than four figures on a piece of paper instead of one or two, and the sole difference between L1000 and L2000 is the substitution of one numeral for another.
It was known, in a few cases, what the noble owner had given for the articles. His Jason, printed by Caxton, cost L87 plus commission, and produced L2100. The Merlin of 1498 was bought for 30 guineas, and realised L760. A little French volume by Jean Maugin, Les Amours de Cupidon et de Psiche, 1546, was carried to L60, having been acquired for half-a-crown. Certain other antecedent quotations were left far behind, as in the Canterbury Tales of 1498, which at Dunn-Gardner's sale in 1854 brought L245, and now went up to L1000, and in the Antonius Andreas of 1486, which was thought worth L231, as probably the earliest volume issued in the City of London.
There was a notable drop in the biddings for the imperfect copies of Chaucer from Caxton's press, and a host of items went for next to nothing, which in an inferior sale would have realised far more. It is ever so; and of course there was half a century's interest on the outlay. Still what an intense pleasure beyond money it had afforded the nobleman who formed it! And let us think, again, to how long a succession of holders the same beautiful or rare book has been a friend and a companion, a source of delight and pride!
It was remarked in the room that the present Earl had enlarged his father's possessions only to the extent of ONE VOLUME (No. 2748), for which he gave L4, and which yielded him L7. He had no right to complain so far.
Concurrently with the Ashburnham episode in 1897, there came upon us all, like a shell, the extraordinary report, which proved too true, not only that the representative of Johnson of Spalding had determined to part with the valuable library preserved in the house since at least the time of the Stuarts, if not of the Tudors, but that Mrs. Johnson had actually called in a local clergyman to select what books he deemed worthy of being sent up to London for sale, and had committed the residue to a local auctioneer. The catalogues were partly distributed before the books were added, and very few booksellers were even aware of the matter, till the sale was over. Not more than three or so, and a few private persons, were present; the volumes were made up in parcels and only one mentioned, and the bidding did not exceed two or three shillings a lot. Supposing 2000 items, comprised in 100 bundles at 3s. each; the grand total would be L15! Blades quotes the library as containing seven Caxtons, and the late Mr. Henry Bradshaw thought it worth while to pay a visit to Spalding to make notes, which he very kindly communicated to us. One of the purchasers at the sale offered me two of his minor acquisitions for L30. Although the library included a proportion of desirable articles, many of the books were esteemed so worthless that the acquirers removed the ex libris, and left the rest behind them!
Some of the Caxtons in the public library at Cambridge have belonged to the Johnson family, and are supposed to have been formerly presented to it by those of Spalding. They were acquired in the earlier half of the reign of Henry VIII. by Martin Johnson at the then current prices—from sixpence to a shilling or so; and a stray or two from the same collection, long prior to the dispersion of 1897, has occurred in the auction-rooms. I have to mention in particular the Spalding Chartulary, sold in 1871. But a few still remained on the old ground, and fortunately five were bound up together in one volume, which was not comprised in the wretched fiasco and anti-climax. This precious collection was offered to Mr. Jacobus Weale, while he was still curator at South Kensington, for L20, and declined, because, as an officer of a public institution, he could not accept it at that price, and was unable to pay the real value. Two, Curia Sapientiae, by Lydgate, and Parvus et Magnus Cato, have since been acquired by the British Museum, with five excessively rare specimens of the press of Wynkyn de Worde. The National Library did not require the Reynard the Fox or the Game of the Chess.
The Spalding case was as unique as some of the books themselves. The owner seems to have been grossly ignorant of their value, as well as wholly indifferent to the property as heirlooms.
Except as a matter of record and history, the collector need not so greatly concern himself with all those libraries which have been scattered, and yet he finds it desirable to refer to the catalogues, if they were publicly sold, in order to trace books from one hand to another, till they return into the market and find a new owner—perhaps himself. One might fill a volume with a list of all the sales which the last forty years have witnessed; but, taking the principal names, let us enumerate:—
Addington Ashburnham Auchinleck (Boswell) Bandinel Beckford Blew Bliss Bolton Corney Collier Corser Cosens Crossley Dunn-Gardner Fountaine Fraser of Lovat Frere Fry Gibson-Craig Halliwell-Phillipps Hamilton Palace Hartley Henry Cunliffe Inglis Ireland Johnson of Spalding Laing Maidment Makellar of Edinburgh Middle Hill Mitford Offor Osterley Park Ouvry Rimbault Sir David Dundas Sir John Fenn Sir John Simeon Singer Stourhead Sunderland Surrenden Syston Park Way William Morris (residue after private sale) Wolfreston
Within these broad lines, which do not include libraries privately acquired by institutions, such as the Dyce, Forster, and Sandars, or by the trade, which is an almost daily incidence, are comprehended a preponderant share of all the important books which have come to the front since the earliest period, of which there is an authentic register.
For we have to recollect that many of the persons whose possessions were dispersed only in our time were buyers a century or more ago, and had from Osborne, at what still appear to our weak minds provokingly low prices, his Harleian bargains. By the way, he kept them a tolerably long time. Did some one help him to find the money, or did he pay it by instalments? Seriously speaking, it was rather a white elephant. One of the most notorious private transactions in the way of sales of books en bloc was that by the Royal Society in 1873 of the printed portion of the Pirkheimer Library, presented to it by Henry Howard, Duke of Norfolk, the first president, and originally purchased by his ancestor, the celebrated Earl of Arundel, in 1636.
The dispersion of the Harleian Library doubtless gave an impetus to the revival in the eighteenth century of a taste for book-collecting; but of course a large proportion of the purchases from Osborne himself was on the part of buyers who parted with their acquisitions, and of whom we have no further record. But the Osterley Park and Ham House collections, the latter still intact, owed many indeed of their greatest treasures to this source. In 1768 Dr. Johnson, who had had a leading hand in the compilation of the Harleian Catalogue, and had so gained a considerable experience of the bearings of the matter, as they were then understood, addressed a long and interesting letter to the King's Librarian on the subject of the public collections of Europe and other bibliographical particulars.
Of the libraries above mentioned, the Sunderland, Syston Park (Sir John Thorold), and Hamilton-Beckford collections owed their chief importance to early typography, editiones principes of the classics, and bindings. Among the Blenheim books were a few miscellaneous rarities in the English class. Of Beckford's volumes many contained his MSS. notes.
The Surrenden (Dering family), Stourhead (Sir Richard Colt-Hoare), and Hartley libraries were historical and topographical. In the Inglis, Dunn-Gardner, and Osterley Park (Earl of Jersey) catalogues we encounter, among a good deal that is more or less commonplace, the rarest ancient typography, poetry, and romances.
We next approach the larger and more important Private Collections of books, which are more or less of a permanent and hereditary character, and which we have to content ourselves with admiring at a distance or otherwise according to circumstances. We cannot enumerate the holders of a few volumes or so up and down the country. The names of which we think are Devonshire, Bute, Bath, Dysart, Bridgewater (Earl of Ellesmere), Britwell, Huth, Aldenham (H. H. Gibbs), and Acton (or Carnegie). The Duke of Fife is believed to possess some curious books inherited from Skene of Skene. The Duke of Northumberland owns a few, and a few are in the possession of Lord Robartes at Llanhydrock, near Bodmin, Lord Aldenham, and Mr. Wynn of Peniarth. All these centres affect the book-collector in one of two ways: in showing him what exists, and in showing him now and then what he is never likely to obtain. For in these repositories there are actually certain things which have never been offered for sale, and of which the most indefatigable research has failed to bring to light other examples. Such is not the case, however, with Lord Acton's library at Aldenham Park, near Bridgnorth. That is a collection made by a scholar for scholars; it is wonderfully extensive and complete in its way, and it were much to be desired that it should be preserved intact. It commercial value is, relatively to its extent, inconsiderable.
The collections at Chatsworth and Devonshire House (including the books of Henry Cavendish and many of those of Thomas Hobbes) principally consist of early printed literature, English and foreign, and old plays; of the latter the Kemble dramatic library formed the nucleus, Payne Collier filling up at the Heber and other sales many important lacunae. The late Duke ill-advisedly engaged a foreign gentleman to compile his catalogue, and the result is most unfortunate. Besides the Henry Cavendish and Hobbes elements, a few very valuable items came from the old library at Bolton Abbey, Yorkshire.
The Althorp heirlooms, now removed to Manchester, have been familiarised by the catalogues of them printed by Dibdin; but there are hundreds of precious volumes which he has overlooked, and of which some account is given in the present writer's Collections from the books themselves. An idea of the Dysart and Britwell libraries is to be gathered from Blades's Caxton, Dibdin's Ames, and Hazlitt's Collections. Of the possessions in this way of the Marquises of Bath and Bute we gain only casual glimpses from the same sources. Payne Collier and Hazlitt have made the Bridgewater House library fairly well known. The Huth one is elsewhere referred to, and of Lord Acton's a sale catalogue of a portion was prepared some years since, as well as a bibliographical account; but the former was suppressed, and the latter remains incomplete and in MS.
Of Lord Aldenham's collection (Early English Literature, Bibles, Classics, MSS., &c.) there is a privately printed catalogue, 1888, and there is also one of the late Mr. Locker-Lampson's literary treasures.
Classification of collections—Origin of the taste for books—Schedule of topics or branches of inquiry—Each separately considered and the authorities cited—Ancient typography—British history and topography—Liturgies—Books of Hours—The Imitatio Christi—Pilgrim's Progress—Books of Emblems—Books of Characters—Books printed before the Great Fire, at Oxford, during the Civil War and Interregnum, &c.—Monastic and patristic writers—English devotional and other books printed abroad—Froschover's Zuerich Bible of 1550—Other Bibles—The French Bible of 1523-28—Minor specialisms.
AS books, in a manuscript or printed shape, are far more numerous and varied than any other species of property, and are also more largely sought for purposes of direct study and instruction, there exists the greater difficulty in attempting to advise collectors as to the line which it is best, wisest, or safest to embrace.
The class of persons who engage in this attractive pursuit are:—
(i) Pure amateurs, without any eye to the financial question. (ii) Specialists of more than a single kind. (iii) Students. (iv) Speculators. (v) Miscellaneous or casual buyers.
The normal amateur starts, in general, without any well-defined scheme before him. He has seen in the hands of a friend, perhaps, a curious book; and the notion takes possession of him, rather stealthily, yet rather languidly too, that it might be a "nice" thing to have oneself—that or such another. The spirit of collecting, like a delicate germ, is at first easily extinguished; but an incident as trivial and fortuitous as the one just suggested has ere now constituted the nucleus and starting-point of a large library. It may, indeed, be a favourable symptom and augury when a man begins circumspectly and deliberately; he is more apt, other circumstances favouring, to prosecute his scheme to the end, and to prove a valuable friend to the trade.
We have mentioned that the Specialist may be of more than one sort. He may, in short, be of ten thousand sorts; and the Student, after all, may be bracketed with him; for both equally devote their exclusive attention to a prescribed class of works or branch of inquiry for a more or less definite term.
The subjects which principally engage the notice of specialists are:—
Ancient Typography (including Xylographic works). English, Scotish, and Irish History. English Topography. English Genealogy and Family History. Liturgies and Prayer-Books. Books of Hours. Bibles. Roman Catholic books. English books printed abroad. Voyages and Travels. Irish Literature. Scotish Literature. Early illustrated books. Modern illustrated books. French illustrated books. Books of Emblems. Books of Engravings. Early English Poetry. Early Romances. Early Music. Spanish Romances. Italian Romances. Dantesque Literature. Cromwell Literature. Civil War and Commonwealth tracts. Editions of the Imitatio Christi. Editions of the Pilgrim's Progress. Occult Literature. Folk-lore. Tobacco. Educational books. Caricatures in book form. Miracles and phenomena. Broadsides. Chap-books.
There is probably not much of consequence to be suggested outside this calendar from which an intending collector may make his choice. Each of the topics indicated is, for the most part, susceptible of being subdivided and subdivided again.
Ancient Typography is not only a large, but a difficult and costly field. It is, notwithstanding, a not unusual circumstance for a beginner, and not a rich one, to start by making himself master of a few examples of our first printers; and this arises from the fact that among the remains in such a line of collecting are pieces of no high interest or character, and copies whose condition does not attract the riper connoisseur. At the same time it arises from the feeling of the period which witnessed the dawn of the art, that a heavy percentage of the output of the printers of all countries amounts to little more than typographical curiosities, which may be substantially possessed in the form of an example of moderate cost. The novice generally selects books and tracts of foreign origin, and of a theological or technical complexion. Perhaps he goes further—even so far as to discard his earlier purchases; perhaps he does not. It is a matter of taste and money. If he does not seek the finest and rarest specimens, especially in the English series, it is not too much to say that L500 spread over a career would suffice to procure one a fair representation in which Fust and Schoeffer, Gutenberg, Mentelin, and Caxton might appear in the form of a leaf—possibly a damaged one. Yet there would be a chronological view in actual originals of the art of printing from the commencement in all countries. We go for our facts on this subject to Panzer, Hain, Brunet, the British Museum Catalogue, &c.
British History and Topography are alike departments which can scarcely be regarded as specialities without questionable fitness. For when we survey the catalogues of those who have professedly restricted their aim to these two ranges, and reflect that all such collections are, by the light of bibliographical authorities, more or less tentative and imperfect, we are brought to the conclusion that there would be, in a thoroughly exhaustive treatment of the matter, less left outside than could be found within. Of the divisions which present themselves above so much is capable of being drawn into the two other series. Numerically an assemblage of ancient and modern books in these classes would be by possibility immense. But the attendant outlay, unless certain signal rarities were included, or it was deemed necessary to comprise all the poetical relics with a historical or a topographical side, ought not to be relatively so high as that on the preceding category, particularly if the acquirer were satisfied here and there with trustworthy reproductions of three-and-four-figure items. From L1000 to L1500 will go a long way in supplying a collection with that qualifying proviso; without it, four times the amount would barely cover you. The Hartley and Phillipps catalogues should be consulted, as well as Upcott and other older authorities.
Liturgies form one of the tastes and objects of pursuit of persons who have left behind them the fancies of their novitiate, and possess the means of purchasing a description of literature which is abnormally costly, and might prove more so, were the buyers more numerous. The editions of the Prayer-Book fall under this section, and are almost innumerable, being tantamount to Annuals, and of many years we possess more than one issue.
The printed Books of Hours might, from their extent, as regards subordinate variations arising from the different uses and occasional changes in portions of the ritual, constitute in themselves a life's study and absorb a fortune. There is great disparity in their typographical and artistic execution, no less than in their commercial value. A tolerably full description of the series occurs in Brunet, Lowndes, Maskell, the British Museum Catalogue, and in those of the principal collectors on these lines. Of those adapted to English or Scotish uses there is an account in Hazlitt's Collections; but we may look in the early future for an exhaustive monograph from the pen of Mr. Jacobus Weale.
The British Museum is singularly rich in editions in all languages of the Imitatio Christi, having enjoyed the recent opportunity of supplying wants from an enormous collection sold by public auction en bloc. The Offor Catalogue is considered an authority on the Pilgrim's Progress and other works of Bunyan; but the National Library contains a large proportion of these books, and the Huth Catalogue and Hazlitt's Collections must not be overlooked.
The authorities just cited, the Corser Catalogue, and the publications of the Holbein Society, will prove useful guides to any one desirous of studying the EMBLEM Series, which was some time since in marked request, but has sustained the customary relapse, and is what booksellers term rather slow just now. Our own literature is not particularly wealthy in these productions; there is nothing of consequence beyond Whitney, Peacham, The Mirror of Majesty, 1618, Wither, Quarles, and Harvey (School of the Heart). But if the collector goes outside the national frontier, he meets with works of this class in even bewildering abundance in regard to number, variety of type and treatment, and degree of artistic and literary merit. Moreover, among the works of this species just enumerated as of national origin, four of the six were more or less heavily indebted to the Continent; the Whitney was printed at Leyden, and Wither, Quarles, and Harvey did little more than write English letterpress to sets of foreign plates.
Books of Characters, of which perhaps Earle's Microcosmography, 1628, is the most familiar, have attracted attention from more than one of our book-fanciers; they constitute a somewhat extensive series, and we gain a fair apercu of it in the catalogue of the library of DR. BLISS, of St. Mary's Hall, Oxford, 1858. It was Bliss who reprinted Earle in 1811, and inserted a bibliography of publications on similar lines.
The above-mentioned gentleman also lent himself to two other paths of collecting: one suggested by local associations, and consisting of works printed at Oxford, the second dealing with those which appeared just prior to the Great Fire of London in 1666.
One of Bliss's Oxford friends, DR. BANDINEL, Bodley's librarian, made it his speciality to bring together as many of the fugitive publications as possible relative to the Civil War Period and the Commonwealth, and MR. JOHN FORSTER did the same. The Bandinel Catalogue, 1861, is an excellent guide on this ground, although it is almost unnecessary to state that it is very incomplete. The best and most exhaustive assemblage of the literature of the Troubles and Interregnum (1640-59) is the descriptive list of the King's pamphlets in the British Museum formed by Thomason the stationer.
The interest and profit attendant on the study of the monastic and patristic writers, who may be said to be less strictly national and more cosmopolitan than those of later schools, are, as a rule, casual and slender for the merely literary consulter or peruser, supposing the rather extreme case, where such a person is sufficiently courageous and robust to engage in anything approaching a serious examination of these families of books. The authors were true enthusiasts, labouring to their lives' last thread in some obscure cell or dim closet, where pride of authorship, as we may feel and enjoy it, there was none, when beyond the walls of a convent or those of a native town their names were unknown, their personality unrecognised. Except to the theologian or ritualist how repellent and illegible this mass of printed and manuscript matter must ever seem! How deficient in human sympathy and pertinence! These treatises, so erudite, so prolix, and so multifarious, were composed by men (Universal, Irrefragable, or Seraphic Doctors), and after a certain date by women too (Angelical Sisters), who had no knowledge of the world, of society, of human nature, or of real philosophy. Yet they were, and long remained, the class of literature most cultivated, most studied, and most multiplied; and to this hour, notwithstanding the destruction of millions of them, they abound in our national, cathedral, and college libraries, and in private collections dedicated to that particular side of inquiry and learning. In the booksellers' catalogues we sometimes meet with examples, which are recommended to the curious buyer by their illustrations of conventual life, and their exposure of those vices which a state of celibacy is calculated to promote in both sexes. The chained book is not an uncommon feature in the ancient ecclesiastical repositories, and even in certain churches; and apart from the Scriptures, it almost invariably enters into the department of early divinity or polemics. | <urn:uuid:317844b2-e34d-41c0-b361-afbd9498c1d3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hotfreebooks.com/book/The-Book-Collector-William-Carew-Hazlitt.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.964365 | 21,594 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Supporting older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to age well will require a range of specific strategies according to The Gathering.
NCOSS supports the establishment of the Taskforce, but notes while the focus is on improvements in service delivery, educational and employment outcomes, other issues 'such… Read More
NCOSS Submission: comment on the discussion paper to support the development of a new 10-year plan to improve Aboriginal health.
This policy position sets out the principles and strategies necessary to improve support services to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander older people, people with disability… Read More
This report focuses on the unmet health transport needs associated with two of the most prevalent chronic diseases impacting individuals, families, communities in our society:… Read More
Poverty affects nearly nine hundred thousand people in New South Wales – more than in any other state or territory. The rate of poverty in NSW is… Read More
NCOSS focuses on its consistant position regarding child protection based on advancing: a cohesive, whole of government and community approach that respects and values children, young people, their families… Read More | <urn:uuid:d735c889-1073-4997-b97a-390d9ca548de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ncoss.org.au/policy-advocacy/policy-research-publications/page/30/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.915643 | 222 | 1.828125 | 2 |
In this article I’ll talk about the was Ibt bitcoin profit. Many people have been speaking about this new company that has been created in the last few years. This business enterprise performs around the thought of using the Internet to conduct organization. In this article I’m going to talk a little bit about how this kind of can work.
First, you may have a network of middlemen who had been going to complete trades for you, between you and customers. The was supposed to cause you to be money after which you would pay for them for his or her products and services. In this business model the was supposed to be the one which did the trading for yourself. So now the was supposed to know everything that went on considering the market and give you an analysis, so that you will would be able to produce decisions as to what you would perform.
There are many complications with this business design. For one, the was allowed to be a high-risk venture, which usually meant that you needed a lot of capital to obtain started. Secondly, you needed to currently have someone else take good care of all details. This pair of things delivered the business almost useless.
Thankfully, bitcoin profit opinie a new business was launched, about the same period as the original Boolit. This new organization was created to use the Internet to bring alongside one another retailers, companies, manufacturers and distributors. Instead of having these individual businesses do all the work, they would pool their information together and hire a company or person to do the job for them. This kind of business model is exactly what we will be talking about. I’m talking about an enterprise that uses the Internet, instead of high-risk endeavors, and it is taking advantage of the low risk associated with the Internet.
This kind of is the reason why the war, it’s cash generating opportunities. This is where you come in. You are going to be signing up and merchandising wares, and you’re going to earn money from the fees that individuals pay you, to be able to purchase these items. The best thing about it business is that you don’t have to cope with the hassles and complications associated with the old businesses. All of those things will be taken care of simply by someone else.
So , there you have it. The was is probably one of the most powerful, reputable and money-making businesses that was ever before launched on the Internet. Anyone who has ever a computer can get engaged and start making some great cash. If you are looking to start off your own business via the internet, this could be an excellent opportunity for you. | <urn:uuid:a434e82b-4a8c-4257-ba1f-87dba01b7bc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://krestonproios.com/a-look-at-the-way-it-could-income-making-opportunities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.984061 | 544 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Are you ready for greater understanding of how to change thoughts? Have you realized that this process involves loads of practice and persistence? Good noticing!
Bruce Lipton, well known author of Biology of Belief and the Honeymoon Effect , tells us that 95% of our waking awareness we operate from subconscious programming.
When we want to increase our consciousness, we will wake up more frequently to what we are saying and doing in this moment. We can catch ourselves in operating from habit.
Such an important part of this process of growth is the noticing—”Oh I am doing or saying what I don’t want to be doing or saying!” Then we have the choice to plug in the newer path.
Some of us habitually blame ourselves… “Oh what I jerk! I just said I want to appreciate and I am complaining again.”—internal dialogue… Instead, “Good for me. I just noticed some piece of underground operating. This is what growing looks like!”
An Illustration from Glenda:
“Bless me, apparently my feet are expanding a bit at this stage of life. The boots I have used for five years or more are no longer comfortable. My toes hit the front–they feel too short. I had thought I would keep wearing them until recently when I came home from a hike with a big toe ache that lasted two days. Yuck! Realized I now need a bigger size.
In my mind I started to get upset about this. But ding ding– I have the money– I can order online. As I paused, I saw that my habit of thought involves blaming myself for needing new boots– I did something “bad”… I should have ______________. Wait! SHIFT! I want to make it ok to need a bigger size. It is ok that my feet changed. Wow I notice blaming thoughts and think this: My feet expanded and I need new boots.
I ordered them, they came, they fit. they are comfortable.
This seems so simple on the surface– but I felt like I was entering a new chapter of life. When I skip the self-deprecating thinking and then concomitant emotional upset, it is like finding space in a formerly cramped closet. Life is so much more enjoyable! and EASY. WOW, this is the life I want. I love that I let life be easier.”
Of course these changes involve more important self talk than buying footwear. We have continuous inner dialogue on so many observations– so many opportunities to look for the Good. Let’s be aware: the building of new habits will involve us noticing the old ones and catching ourselves. We are remembering we want to change. Let’s celebrate and persist.
That is the way we learn. We say “That a girl (or boy) you are back returned to present time! You remember another way to think! Good going! ”
Hee Haw! Isn’t it great that I am here now. Isn’t great that I am learning– this is what waking up looks like!
Do you have a story about your process in changing your habits of mind? Please send using the comments section. Or write a bit of your reaction to this piece. Be part of all of us creating more fun! | <urn:uuid:c22aadb0-67c0-49a3-bfd6-19c2a2455e53> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://streamofyes.com/practice-new-habits-thought/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.957066 | 692 | 1.640625 | 2 |
The Guerrilla Art Action Group (GAAG) – founded in 1969 by the New Yorker artists Jon Hendricks and Jean Toche – was the starting point for a trend to politicized performative art. They acted against the rigidity of art institutions, escpecially the Museum of Modern Art (MoMa) in New York. With the Rockefeller family being part of the museum’s board on the one hand and benefiting from the weapon industry of the Vietnam war on the other, the Guerilla Art Action Group saw the mainstream art and cultural institutions as “part of that power structure that was bringing us the war, that was bringing the inequality of genders, of race and so on in this country, of rich against poor…” (Hendricks). With their public actions, theatre and performances they tried to get behind symbolic actions and reach a public beyond the art community. Until today its actions are influencing movements like the occupy movement worldwide.
Their main point of protest in 1969 was the Vietnam war: with the performance Blood Bath they entered the lobby oft MoMa with bull blood in plastic bags hidden under their clothes. They started wrestling and breaking up the plastic bags untill they ended up lying on the floor covered in blood. With this action whith which they aimed at forcing the museum to react in any way and expressivly taking the risk of being arrested they eventually achieved a dialogue with the museum’s head leading to a collaboration within which the And babies poster was shown in the museum.
With their actions, taking place in the museum and therefore in an institutional space the claimed this space to be a public one, and pointing out the possibility that it can be an artistic space as well. This is one thing seen as innovative about the Guerilla Art Action Group.
According to Hendricks artists who see themselves and their work as political and who really want to change something should be available in public discourses. He critizises that people often “avoid participation, avoid taking part in making a statement”. Besides public performances they used written manifestoes to deliver their points. Additional to their resistance to the war they claimed more openness of museums, complaining about the almost nonexistence of black or women artists in the featured expositions of the MoMa.
Until today GAAG and its actions are influencing movements like the Guerrilla Girls or the occupy movement worldwide. | <urn:uuid:2c821817-266e-46c7-b8ee-5ec73fbedba1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.inenart.eu/?p=16947 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.962056 | 482 | 2.640625 | 3 |
How to Handle a Carpet Beetle Infestation
Carpet beetles belong to the beetle family called dermestids. These insects can be commonly found in houses, warehouses, museums, and other locations as long as they can find a suitable supply of food.
Where do carpet beetles come from?
They are considered pests because they can cause significant damage to stored food, fabrics, carpets, and specimens meant for preservation.
These items aren’t the carpet beetle’s food — they actually feed on pollen and nectar, especially from plants that produce a lot of them like buckwheat, crape myrtle and spiraea. However, it can be easy to bring carpet beetles inside a property when you step inside carrying cut flowers.
What kinds of carpet beetles should you look out for?
In California, there are three species of carpet beetles that thrive:
Anthrenus verbasci, the varied carpet beetle, can be identified by its black exterior with a pattern of brown, dark yellow and white scales on its wing covers (although older beetles appear solid brown or black).
Female beetles lay their eggs in the nests of birds, wasps and bees. Once they find their way indoors, they will lay eggs on rugs and carpets, leather book bindings, woolen products, silk, hair, stuffed animals, fur, dried plants and others as these will serve as larval food. They will often be found near windows when indoors.
Furniture carpet beetles or A. flavipes have a generally mottled appearance and are larger as well as rounder than varied carpet beetles. Adults will appear solid black with white undersides. They feed on the same types of materials as varied carpet beetles.
The black carpet beetle, Attagenus unicolor, is a shiny dark black and dark brown insect with brownish legs. When in arid areas like California, they cause more damage to stored products like grains and spices (their primary food source) than to fabrics.
How should you address a carpet beetle infestation?
Eliminating carpet beetles can be challenging because they can disperse widely throughout a property and they can easily find food sources in obscure areas. While a few adult beetles inside the house isn’t cause for alarm, you should undertake pest control measures once you find larvae in fabrics inside the home.
Eliminate the carpet beetle’s food sources by:
- Regularly cleaning carpets, rugs, drapes, and upholstered furniture through thorough vacuuming and prompt disposal of the bag
- Carefully washing of fabrics to eliminate food and sweat stains that they are attracted to
- Sweeping away accumulated hair, fur, lint, dead insects and insect nests
- Throwing out any cut flowers with carpet beetles
- Having pillows, mattresses and furniture with feather stuffing cleaned by a professional dry cleaning, storage firm or pest control company
For more severe infestations, call AAI Pest Control. Their pest control specialists can use chemical compounds, sticky traps that come with pheromones as bait, boric acid and protective sprays to get rid of the carpet beetles effectively. | <urn:uuid:6b89bba2-75ce-42cf-ade0-1e885dfe64cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aaipest.com/pest-control-blog/carpet-beetle-infestation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.951946 | 653 | 3.03125 | 3 |
|Every creature was designed to serve a purpose. Learn from animals for they are there to teach you the way of life. --Suzy Kassem|
The Animal Rescuer of Assam--by Unknown Yet, syndicated from thebetterindia.com, Sep 21, 2019
It was late in the night when the loud clucking of chickens woke up a neighbourhood of the Bochagaon village in Kaziranga, Assam. Swiftly, the adults gathered near the pen and saw a large snake devouring a hen. Lanterns and sticks in hand, the villagers surrounded the snake keeping a safe distance. In any other circumstances, the frightened villagers would have killed the outnumbered reptile, but this time, they called ‘the man who speaks nature’.
“Ten years ago, the villagers would have lynched the snake without a second thought, and I can’t completely blame them. However, there’s a growing awareness about the importance of each element in the wilderness and the villagers respect snakes now,” says Manoj Gogoi, a 44-year-old father of two, in conversation with The Better India (TBI).
What he is too shy to say is that he has been an important cog of this wheel of change in the mindset of the populace. It is not merely the adults though, who have come to understand nature better. Young children too are showing a growing understanding that wild animals need to be protected.
A boy went running to the Corbett Foundation office, a turtle in his hand. “He told us that his family wanted to keep the turtle as a pet. The boy requested the parents to set the turtle into the wild and so he “stole” the turtle and brought it to us. He wanted us to leave it in its natural habitat. Such is the impact of Manoj,” Dr Naveen Pandey, the Deputy Director of the foundation’s office in Kaziranga tells TBI.
Gogoi nursing a young jungle cat back to health.
This self-styled naturalist’s remarkable journey and experiences have won him many well-deserved accolades. In 2014, Corbett Foundation honoured him with the “Wildlife Warrior” award and last year he became the focus of a documentary called ‘The Man Who ‘Speaks’ Nature’ directed by award-winning Assamese director Dhritiman Kakati.
So what pulled Gogoi to dedicate his life to wildlife conservation?
“I was born in the Kaziranga area of Assam. I grew up in the lap of nature teeming with rhinoceros, leopards, beautiful Himalayas birds and snakes, even venomous ones. It is a familiar environment for me since childhood. Naturally, I developed a genuine fondness for the wild,” smiles Gogoi.
Growing up, Gogoi knew what he wanted to do, and he was determined to move mountains for it. Although he left his studies after his matriculation exam, Gogoi went on to pursue a one-month course at the Bombay Natural History Society in Mumbai in 2006.
When a wild animal trusts you with water and food, it speaks volumes about your kindness.
The educational journey, as well as the beginning of his career, played a remarkable role in cementing Gogoi’s passion for saving the wild. Like his father, who was a linesman in the State Electricity Board, Gogoi could have secured a government job. But he decided to chart out an unconventional career path—one that his parents were not too sure of in the beginning.
“He (his father) would get very tense for me as someone told him that catching wild animals is illegal and I can be jailed,” he told East Mojo.
Gogoi pursued his call of rescuing and rehabilitating birds, reptiles and mammals alone for a long time. But at times, people would call him as late as 2 in the night and eventually, he decided to organise a team of enthusiasts like him. With 11 like-minded people, Gogoi started his organisation—the Naturalists for Rehabilitation of Snakes and Birds (NRSB) in 2007. Today, the organisation is 100 volunteers strong.
Continuing to contribute to NRSB, Gogoi also worked as a driver with Assam’s State Tourism Department but his course in Mumbai helped him secure work as a tourist guide in a private resort in 2013. For a long time, Gogoi made ends meet with a meagre monthly salary of Rs 1500 and the, at times, generous tips from tourists.
Birds stuck in traps, injured animals and wandering snakes in Kaziranga have hope, all thanks to Gogoi.
“Foreign tourists tip you very well. During peak season, my income would exceed Rs 60,000-Rs 70,000 in most months. I used to spend the lion’s share of that money on rescuing animals,” he says.
No wonder that NRSB’s name spread far and wide, and calls began pouring in for the rescue of large and venomous snakes. This was a positive sign as people were now choosing rescue instead of killing.
“A large crowd gathers to watch the operation. I take that opportunity to educate people about the importance of snakes. I tell them how killing them is not the solution to their problems and how untrained handling of the reptile can be dangerous. Of course, the awareness was not imparted immediately. However, about ten years later, I can see the difference in their attitude. Now, they call me instead of lynching the snakes,” he says.
Change came in 2013 when having heard of Gogoi’s work, Corbett Foundation approached him with an exciting proposal—starting an office in Kaziranga with Gogoi working in their rescue department. Gogoi gladly accepted this offer as he knew that it would not only help take care of his family’s expenses but also widen the range of the rescue operations. The foundation also assured him of bearing the cost of all wildlife rescue operations. “
All of his operations are well documented in the office. We note everything from how far the site was to what time of the day or night we were called to rescue the animal. Manoj hasn’t turned down a request even if it is about 60 km from where he is,” informs Dr Pandey.
The following year, 2014, the foundation bestowed on him the award of ‘Wildlife Warrior” for his dedicated and proactive work.
Brave against venomous snakes and gentle towards rescued animals.
“It has been a phenomenal journey so far, one that I hope continues for a long time to come,” the naturalist says adding that he only started documenting his rescues in 2007 and the total number of the animals rescued has exceeded 5,000 already.
This number does not take into account the birds and snakes that he rescued in 2005 and 2006.
Gogoi is also involved in conservation education programmes arranged by the foundation. Through such programmes, he tells stories of rescue with such passion that leaves the kids inspired.
“I have learned mostly through experience, and each animal is as special as the other. So far, I have rescued rhino calves, leopards, barking deer, wild boar, jungle cat, fishing cats and other mammals that fascinate tourists on safaris. I have also rescued a 14-feet-long King Cobra—a real threat to my life.”
However, for Gogoi, the most memorable rescue story is of the three tiny kingfisher babies that he saved when they hadn’t even opened their eyes.
“I raised them till they could fly,” he shares proudly.
A wildlife enthusiast who is translating his passion in the rescue of innocent animals, Gogoi certainly is a star. But he rarely owns up to it. Thousands of animals owe their lives to the naturalist who believes it to be a duty to rescue them and take care of them until they are well enough to go back to their natural habitats.
Interestingly, just as we finished our interview, Gogoi received a call informing him that he has been conferred the 2019 Passion Award by India Star Book of Records.
The awards seem to be pouring in and knowing the genuine love Gogoi has for animals, I feel this award is just the tip of the iceberg!
(Edited by Saiqua Sultan)
Republished with permission from The Better India, a platform that features positive news across India and celebrates the successes of unsung heroes & changemakers.
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In the summer of 2014, the leader of the terrorist organization ISIL (banned in Russia — ed.) Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi declared the creation of an Islamic Caliphate in Iraq and Syria. He did this while in the mosque an-Nuri in the Iraqi city of Mosul.
Now the Iraqi armed forces again took control of the mosque and the Prime Minister of Iraq declared an end to ISIS. He says we are now witnessing the end of an Islamic state.
“The proof of this was the liberation of Mosul,” wrote Abadie on Twitter.
Press Secretary of Iraq’s armed forces also said that “a fictitious state of LIH Palo”.
Is the true end of the so-called Islamic state is really close?
Pressure on all fronts
Captain rank III Thomas Lensvik (Thomas Slensvik) — senior lecturer of strategy at the school of the Armed forces, and he, in particular, an expert on Syria and ISIS. He says the fight against ISIS in Mosul is not fully completed, but the restoration of control over the mosque of al-Nouri has an important symbolic value.
“ISIS still controls a small part of the city. But the victory over ISIS in Mosul is a matter of time. For a short time, Iraqi forces have freed the last urban areas, which served as a refuge for ISIS, although the restoration of full security in these areas may take several months,” says Sleswick.
ISIS cornered on all fronts, says Norwegian expert. From a geographical point of view, the terrorist group still controls a relatively large area, especially along the Euphrates on the border of Iraq and Syria, but the population density in these areas is quite low.
“ISIL have so little power that they can’t mobilize for a big offensive. Obviously, they are everywhere losing ground,” says Sleswick.
It’s no longer a state
Although in the border area ISIS controls villages of different sizes, the biggest value, however, has control over the city of Mosul in Iraq and over the city of raqqa in Syria.
“Raqqa is surrounded by, and when ISIS will lose control of the city — a question of time. They also have no way to counter-attack. If Syrian troops will act tough, they can break the resistance for a few weeks, but it will probably take a few months,” says Sleswick and continues:
“The fall of Raqqa and Mosul, means the collapse of the ISIS as a state. They still control significant territory, but when they have no more cities, it is difficult to prove that they — the state. They are on the verge of collapse and as a great organization”.
Captain rank III believes that now it is important that ISIS will do when you will be defeated. They can turn into a resistance movement, they can try somewhere to move, it may be that they will cease to exist.
“When ISIS becomes weak enough and will not be considered as a threat, it may happen that the attention will focus on other enemies.”
“ISIS will never be reborn”
According to Lenvica, ISIS consists of a rigid main core, as well as a number of tribes and groups joined to him. Senior lecturer believes that we will see how the group will move away from ISIS by weakening the terrorist organization. He also thinks that ISIS will be a big problem with the involvement of new people.
“Before ISIL was recruiting supporters on the basis that they are country, and here they had the advantage over other terrorist organizations such as al-Qaeda. ISIS loses this advantage and it becomes difficult to expand their ranks. They become the organization, the draft of which was unsuccessful. Now the situation is will start to deteriorate dramatically,” says Sleswick.
Captain III rank suggests that in order to defeat ISIS in Syria and Iraq, it may take years, if focus on that. He believes that the chances that ISIS will be reborn again, it is almost zero.
“It is extremely unlikely. Some fear that they’ll just move to another place, for example in Yemen or Somalia, but to do so it will also be difficult.” | <urn:uuid:a1caf45f-27ed-469f-87b6-c66442882c0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://intmassmedia.com/2017/07/03/norwegian-expert-isis-on-the-verge-of-collapse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.972093 | 880 | 1.867188 | 2 |
PRESIDENT DONALD Trump is often accused of destroying the postwar global order, but he may be saving it. Trump is pursuing a nationalist foreign policy that puts America first and downplays the prospects of reforming the world we live in. At the same time, he acts as a realist to preserve a status quo which is radically different from the world of the 1930s. It is largely democratic and open, not revanchist and xenophobic. As a businessman before and president now, Trump exploits this world to cut deals abroad. Rather than dismantling the global order, he is seeking to balance it better in two ways: to get U.S. allies to share more of the burdens of common defense and trade, and to get China to accept the basic rules of a market-oriented world economy. If neither happens, the liberal world order will probably deteriorate anyway—not because Trump has undermined it, but because the American people will never sustain it if allies continue to shirk burdens and China milk markets.
In short, Trump is providing a course correction for the postwar global order that may be the best hope for sustaining it. His approach may be shocking, especially because nations have not seen such openly nationalist policies since 1945. But it is also less damaging because the world is a much better place than in 1945. Trump’s policies may moderate the radical changes of the past seventy-five years, but they are unlikely to reverse them.
WHAT IS Trump’s strategy, and more importantly, what are the results? If one looks only at Trump’s tweets and tactics, there appears to be no strategy. But if one looks at the direction in which events are moving, the picture is quite different. NATO and Asian alliances are spending more, not less, on common defense. Alliance forces sit on the border of Russia for the first time since 1991, supply Ukraine with lethal weapons against Russian invaders, and challenge Chinese naval expansion in the Pacific. Outside of Europe and Asia, America moves back toward a more limited role: toward an offshore strategy that targets terrorism; backs the only real democracies in these regions (Israel and India); and insists that allies and local nations supply the majority of boots on the ground in foreign conflicts. In trade, Trump exploits America’s booming economy to renegotiate trade balances. In immigration, he buys time to let the country absorb an unprecedented influx of migrants.
Overall, Trump’s nationalist/realist policies may be just what the doctor prescribed to sustain the global world order. I say that as an internationalist who would prefer a more value-oriented and less crude approach. Previous presidents talked about sharing burdens and rebalancing trade, yet did little to achieve them. Their internationalist approach reassured allies, and those allies, feeling no pressure, continued to free ride on America’s leadership. Any real change required a root and branch approach. Trump ripped up the ironclad American commitment to global security and world trade—or at least convincingly threatened to do so—and allies and trading partners began paying attention. Now, in a way, the future of globalism depends more on what they do than on what the United States does. After seventy-five years under American tutelage, they will either accept equal global responsibilities in both security and trade, or nationalism will pull them and the United States “back to the future.”
TRUMP CAME into office declaring: “NATO in my opinion is obsolete because it’s not covering terrorism […] and also you have many countries that aren’t paying their fair share.” But once in office, he said NATO was no longer obsolete. He called for reforming, not dismantling, alliances.
Yes, Trump thunders against NATO in words. But he strengthens it in deeds. He increased U.S. NATO spending by 40 percent for troop deployments on Russia’s borders and sharply increased, not decreased, U.S. defense expenditures overall, from $586 billion in 2015 to $716 billion in 2019 (and a projected $750 billion in 2020). Moreover, Trump accelerated the trend toward higher contributions by other NATO members. NATO members agreed in 2014 to increase their defense budgets over the next decade from the then prevailing average of 1.42 to 2 percent of GDP. At the time, only three members met the 2 percent target; by 2019 nine members did, and fifteen are on track to reach that level by 2024.
The United States still accounts for 70 percent of all defense expenditures by NATO members, even though it accounts for only 50 percent of NATO’s GDP. European members like to say that is because America is a world power: U.S. military spending covers operations outside Europe—in Africa, the Middle East, Latin America, and Asia. True enough, but Europe, too, is now a world power. That is the point Trump is making. Additionally, Africa and the Middle East are much closer to Europe than the United States. Why does America have 5,000 troops in Iraq while Germany has only 120 and France 400? Shouldn’t allies be providing roughly 50 percent of troops and costs? As it stands, Europe accounts for the same percentage of the world economy as the United States, 22–24 percent. When you add Japan in, the allied percentage is higher. The truth is that America’s allies are, by themselves, global powers. Until they acknowledge that they too have corresponding global responsibilities, NATO may indeed fail.
But if it does, it will not be because of Trump. The German cabinet decided in March 2019 to keep defense spending as low as 1.25 percent of GDP for the next five years. As Walter Russell Mead concluded in a 2019 Wall Street Journal article, “Berlin is thumbing its nose not only at Donald Trump but at the U.S.” In the short term, Trump is giving America’s NATO allies the benefit of the doubt. He is encouraging them to do more while the United States is still providing much. In the longer run, he is sending the Europeans a clear message: either contribute more or recognize that America may not be there the next time you need it.
There is no evidence whatsoever that Trump’s NATO policy has benefitted Russia. Quite the contrary: while President Barack Obama bent over backwards to reset relations with Moscow—scuttling NATO missile defense systems in Eastern Europe and famously promising Putin he would be more flexible after the 2012 elections—Trump has managed both competitive and constructive relations with Russia despite preposterous charges that he is an agent of Moscow. He has been tough—much tougher than Obama. Trump endorsed the emplacement of NATO, including American, forces on the borders of Russia for the first time since the end of the Cold War (four battalions in Poland and the Baltic states). Obama initiated that step but only after Russia invaded Ukraine. A year before that invasion, he withdrew the last of America’s armored combat units from NATO. Trump subsequently authorized the sale of lethal weapons to the Ukraine government, something Obama repeatedly refused to do so.
Ironically, Trump was then impeached for weakening Ukraine (and aiding Russia) by temporarily suspending that aid to pressure Kiev to crack down on corruption—corruption that happened to involve a company whose board included Hunter Biden, son of Obama’s vice president, Joseph Biden. Yet despite this charge, U.S. troops under Trump confronted Russian mercenary forces in Syria, killing several hundred of them, while the United States under Obama invited Russia into Syria unchecked, purportedly to remove chemical weapons (which continued to be used). Furthermore, Trump threatened sanctions on European firms if they went ahead with the Nord Stream II gas pipeline under the Baltic Sea to supply Russian gas to European markets—a step which Obama never seriously considered. Isn’t it reasonable to argue that Obama, rather than Trump, was more lenient on Russia?
Even under the pressure of Moscow collusion charges, Trump has kept open the possibility of cooperating with Russia. The two countries share interests in managing ground and air conflicts in Syria and Iraq, updating or mutually abandoning Cold War arms control agreements in Europe (inf, start and potentially New start), and negotiating logistical arrangements in central Asia for NATO forces in Afghanistan.
TRUMP IS also strengthening alliances in the Pacific. His first meeting with a foreign leader after his election was with Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe. Over the next two years, the two leaders met personally ten times and spoke thirty other times. Trump also reinforced the alliance with South Korea, coaxed Seoul to complete the deployment of theater missile defenses, and then cultivated an unprecedented, not to say unorthodox, pas de deux with North Korea’s Kim Jong-un, respecting South Korea’s right to play a lead role in this duet and urging China not to let Pyongyang endanger wider global stability. True, there has been no progress on denuclearization. But North Korea has suspended nuclear and long-range missile tests for three years. Even if these activities resume in 2020, that counts for something.
The key target in Trump’s approach is China. Beijing aspires to great power status, which Trump is ready to concede, but does not want to play by great power rules, which Trump is unwilling to ignore. China’s power, unlike that of the former Soviet Union, depends heavily on ties with Western markets and technology. Trump leverages those ties to force China to make a choice: go your own way—in which case Western investors will find alternatives in other markets, such as Vietnam, India, and Indonesia—or accept balanced and binding commitments in the global trading system and continue to prosper as a friendly economic and political rival. | <urn:uuid:4af5a8b7-57e2-4540-8977-a1108381f329> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nationalinterest.org/feature/what-trump-gets-right-about-us-foreign-policy-149526 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.945846 | 1,975 | 2.046875 | 2 |
St. Joseph parishioners take advantage of scapular’s graces
Detroit — For centuries, Catholics have worn the brown scapular as a sign of devotion to Our Lady of Mount Carmel.
The scapular was given by Our Lady of Mount Carmel to St. Simon Stock of the Carmelite Order in the 13th century, a small brown fabric worn by the laity meant to symbolize the brown habit worn by the Carmelites, invoking Mary’s protection.
On Sunday, July 16, the Feast of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, members of St. Joseph Oratory in Detroit continued the Carmelite tradition with a blessing and enrollment of the brown scapular.
“When Our Lady appeared to St. Simon Stock and gave him the scapular, which was already in the Carmelites’ habit, it became a way the lay faithful can have a special protection and guidance from Our Lady,” said Canon Michael Stein, rector of St. Joseph Oratory. “When you wear the scapular, you participate in all the merits of the Carmelite order, their prayers and sacrifices throughout the world.”
Just as a member of a religious order is invested with a habit, being invested with a scapular resembles being invested with the full habit of the Carmelites, participating in the merits of the order.
“A scapular is a sacramental, so the amount of grace that gets poured into the soul for wearing a sacramental is linked to the piety of our devotion,” Canon Stein explained. “In a sacrament, it’s in and of itself. But a sacramental, it hinges on our devotion, it hinges on our fidelity.”
Brittany Woodcock, a St. Joseph Oratory parishioner, wanted to be invested with a scapular after learning the parish was offering the enrollment after Mass.
“It’s another step in my faith really,” Woodcock said. “It means being closer to God, to Mary and the saints. It’s not just the scapular itself, but the extra protection and another way to pray, an extra defense.”
The chance to be enrolled in the scapular was an opportunity for people who’ve been wearing a scapular for a while, but were never formally enrolled in the devotion.
“I’ve worn the scapular for a long time, but today on this feast day, we were offered this great opportunity,” St. Joseph Oratory parishioner Maria Meszaros said. “I’m happy to have this done with the Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest. Elijah the prophet wore a simple garb of undyed wood, and eventually the Carmelites took on the same kind of garb.
The scapulars themselves were provided by wearthescapular.com, a Detroit ministry dedicated to increasing awareness about the scapular and providing high-quality, durable scapulars to the faithful.
“Our primary concern is to increase the devotion to the scapular,” said Jon Brewer, who helps run the Wear the Scapular website. “We’ve noticed that good, quality scapulars are hard to come by. So we’ve come up with good, durable scapulars that will hold up well, and we offer a lifetime warranty.
“Wearing the scapular shows devotion to Our Lady is important in our Catholic life,” Brewer added. “To wear the scapular, you have the promise of the Sabbatine Privilege, to bypass purgatory and go straight to heaven.”
Besides the graces and protection of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, Canon Stein added wearing the scapular is a great public witness to the faith.
“It’s a nice public testimony when that brown cord starts to pop up over the collar and a coworker asks, ‘What is that?’ and the next thing you know, you’re talking about Our Lady in the workplace. So it’s very beneficial.” | <urn:uuid:e17e62ba-142f-4724-b217-0fcb5320cda2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.themichigancatholic.org/2017/07/enrolled-ladys-protection/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.944131 | 892 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Modular Homes: Everything You Need to Know
Some homeowners dream of their own custom-made home but don’t want to put in the time and expense needed to manage architects, engineers, and construction workers required to build a home. Modular homes and prefab homes are a great alternative to a traditional design-and-build home. They’re cost-effective and can save you lots of time (and headaches).
What is a modular home?
A modular home is one that is built indoors in a factory-like setting. The finished products are covered and transported to their new locations, where a builder assembles them. A modular home is not a mobile home; it’s simply a home that is built off-site. These homes are often called factory-built, system-built, or prefab homes (short for prefabricated).
Modular homes vs. prefab homes:
Modular homes and prefab homes often refer to the same thing. Prefab homes is the catch-all term for a home made with sections that have been put together off-site. A modular home is often considered a prefab home — since it’s been built in sections elsewhere.
Modular homes vs. manufactured homes:
Modular homes and manufactured homes are not the same. Manufactured homes are not placed on permanent foundations. Manufactured homes, sometimes referred to as (but are not always) mobile homes, can be moved from one location to another. There are specific laws and regulations regarding these relocations.
Modular homes vs. mobile homes:
Mobile homes are simply the term for a manufactured home built prior to June 15, 1976. Housing and Urban Development replaced the term with manufactured homes.
Did you know you can buy an entire modular home on Amazon?
How do modular homes differ from houses built on-site?
Because modular homes are built indoors, they can be completed in a matter of weeks, as opposed to months. They don’t see the typical on-site delays caused predominantly by the weather. Modular homes must conform to specific rules, guidelines, and building codes that often surpass those of traditional on-site homes.
When considering a modular home, make sure to shop around, as not all companies that make factory-built homes are alike. There can be significant differences in quality, price, and service. As with purchasing or building any home, you must do your research.
15 must-know modular home facts:
- Modular homes are transported to the home site and set on a permanent foundation.
- Modular homes appraise the same as their on-site built counterparts do; they do not depreciate in value.
- Modular homes can be customized.
- Most modular home companies have in-house engineering departments that utilize CAD (Computer-Aided Design).
- Modular home designs vary in style and size.
- Modular construction can be used for commercial applications, including office buildings.
- Modular homes are permanent structures and, like manufactured homes, are generally assessed as real property.
- Taxes on modular homes are the same as site-built homes.
- Modular homes can be built on crawl spaces and basements.
- Modular homes are considered a form of green building.
- Modular homes are faster to build than 100% site-built homes.
- Home loans for modular homes are the same as site-built homes.
- Insurance premiums for modular homes are the same as site-built homes. Mobile or manufactured homes require their own dedicated homeowners insurance.
- Modular homes can be built to withstand up to 173-mph winds.
- Modular homes can be built for accessible living and designed for future conveniences.
Do all modular homes look alike?
Contrary to popular misconception, modular homes do not all look alike. Modular homes have no design limitations. You can create any style of modular home you wish and embody your dream design style.
You can add any style of window or architectural detail that you desire. Nearly all host plans can be turned into modular homes, which means you can create your ideal home.
How is a modular home assembled?
A factory-built home starts out as sections that have been built in a climate-controlled area. The finished sections are transported to the building site and then assembled with cranes. This process resembles building with Lego blocks. Modular homes cannot be moved after they have been placed and set on their foundations.
Are modular homes more expensive than those built on-site?
You can save quite a bit of money with prefab homes. Because they’re constructed in a factory, they can be built fairly quickly — in a matter of weeks, as opposed to months — because there are no weather delays. Furthermore, all inspections are performed at the factory during each phase of construction by a third-party inspector and are completed before the homes are transported to their permanent locations.
The average modular home could cost between $90 and $120 per square foot to build. A home built on-site starts at $150 per square foot. But the more complex your design and layout, the more your modular home could cost. Specialty services like plumbing and electrical work could also add to the base price of your home.
What are the pros and cons of owning a modular home?
Prefab homes have many advantages, but there are a few drawbacks you should consider as well. If you were planning on building a home from scratch anyways, modular homes would save you time and money. But if you’re more interested in a move-in ready home, review the following pros and cons.
|Pros of modular homes:||Cons of modular homes:|
Where can you find modular homes for sale?
There are many companies building and selling modular homes. You can order pre-designed homes that need nothing but installation, or you can customize to your heart’s content.
Modular homes on Amazon:
It would only make sense you would eventually be able to order prefab homes on Amazon. Do a quick search on Amazon and you’ll find tiny homes, plans for modular homes, and a 1,000 square foot modern cabin home by ECOHOUSEMART, delivered in 100 to 120 days.
Nationwide Homes is a major manufacturer of modular homes serving the Southeast. They have a variety of plans including two-story prefab homes, Cape Cod, or Ranch styles. Nationwide Homes are available through the manufacturer’s approved builders in the states of Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.
If you’re in search of a prefab home style that can be shipped nearly anywhere, Impresa Modular’s prefab homes can ship to any state. They have eight styles of homes, including the popular contemporary styles and a selection of immediate delivery homes available based on your zip code.
The bottom line
Modular homes — often referred to as prefab homes — are a great option for homeowners who want to build their custom dream home without the hassle of traditional construction.
The process typically runs faster and smoother because the home is built in a factory off-site by pros who understand zoning, permits, and the home-building process. You’ll work with the manufacturer to design your modular home. They’ll build it at their factory, transport it to your location, and anchor it to the permanent foundation faster and for less than the traditional way of homebuilding.
Other frequently asked questions
Do modular homes last long?
Modular homes are designed according to local zoning codes and regulations and will last as long as a traditional home, if not longer.
Which is better, prefab homes or modular homes?
A modular home falls in the category of a prefab home. Another type of prefab home is a manufactured home.
How much do you have to put down on a modular home?
If you plan on financing your modular home through a mortgage, you’ll need to put down 20% of the home’s value for the best chances of getting approved for the loan.
Cynthia Paez Bowman contributed to this report. | <urn:uuid:38d39323-8a65-4fc6-bee3-2b18d4170fd8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mymove.com/home-inspiration/trends/basic-facts-about-modular-homes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.949629 | 1,717 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Raytheon Technologies has applied a digital engineering approach to help the U.S. Space Force design a ground system for processing and analyzing military satellite data.
The company said its intelligence and space business developed virtual models using a digital thread to understand small design changes as the team worked on the Future Operationally Resilient Ground Evolution Mission Data Processing Application Framework.
The U.S. Air Force awarded Raytheon a $197 million contract in January 2020 to build the FORGE prototype system as part of the military’s missile warning architecture modernization initiative.
Karen Casey, an RI&S engineering fellow, said the system works like a smartphone because it will not function without applications and satellite-derived data.
“For example, by fusing data from existing space-based infrared system satellites, weather satellites and imagery satellites, the FORGE framework can quickly develop a picture that would indicate areas of interest, such as a volcanic eruption.” Casey added.
The system was designed primarily to accelerate USSF’s data analysis application development and deployment processes, according to Raytheon. | <urn:uuid:b424dd6e-2053-4c86-a79f-cb49f666bc1d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.executivebiz.com/2021/08/raytheon-applies-digital-engineering-method-to-design-ussf-data-analysis-tool/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.919583 | 224 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Cardinal Wilfred Napier
Roman Catholic Cardinal Wilfred Napier, the Archbishop of Durban, has claimed that America is enslaving Africa by trying to force it to accept homosexuality.
The extraordinarily misguided and dangerous statement was made by Napier in an interview with Fatima Asmal of the Mail and Guardian, published on Friday.
Napier (72) told Asmal that same-sex marriages go against “reason and revelation” and that the sole purpose of marriage is to procreate.
“…the basic fact of life is that men and women were made to create life together. There’s something radically wrong with the thinking that marriage can be devoid of the concept of bringing life into earth,” said Napier.
He further insisted that sexually active gay people (and sexually active heterosexual people) do not belong in the church.
“We are trying to invent something. As far as church is concerned, sexual activity is for within the confines of marriage; for procreation and the building up of the relationship between the couple. You can’t practice in the Catholic Church if you aren’t married and are sexually active,” Napier insisted.
He then unabashedly perpetuated the damaging myth that the Western world is imposing homosexuality onto Africa and also implied that he is in support of jailing gay people.
“With the same-sex marriages, we are carrying out someone else’s agenda. It’s a new kind of slavery, with America saying you won’t get aid unless you distribute condoms, legalise homosexuality…”
He further revealed his startling ignorance by claiming that he can’t be accused of homophobia “because I don’t know any homosexuals”.
Napier was recently at the centre of an international controversy when he told the BBC that paedophilia is a medical issue not a criminal one. | <urn:uuid:a38184d5-ce04-43ad-b5ae-2aa0550113cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mambaonline.com/2013/04/12/archbishop-of-durban-africa-being-enslaved-to-accept-gays/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.958067 | 395 | 1.84375 | 2 |
We are starting a Bridge Fund for women. Have you ever needed a BRIDGE to prevent a financial set back. Have you ever been just a $100 dollars short but end up paying a fee for over draft charges? What if you could apply for a bridge?
How to support:
1. Post a picture of yourself holding $10 on social media and tag #melanatedpearl #iminfor10 #wherethebagat2020
Clayton County Library Board Trustees attend training by Ben Carter.
Do you want to lead but feel trapped Professionally! P.E.A.R.L. Girls are encouraged to become ACTIVE change agents in their communities! Consider joining a board!
The Library Board of Trustees consists of 10 members appointed by the Clayton County Commissioners. The Library Board is a legal entity that has the authority to make policy and govern the affairs of the Library.
What the Library Board does:
sets policy for the Library
defines the purpose and direction of the Library
demonstrates accountability to the community
advocates on behalf of the Library to ensure acquisition, development, and sustainability of resources and services
Regardless of your professional role or title you can be an active voice in your community! #volunteer
Black girls have been made unsafe in schools where they are six times more likely to be suspended than White girls, are silence victims of sexual violence, and are almost expected to become victims in the school to prison pipeline.
Black women and girls are unsafe in their homes and continue to suffer from high rates of domestic violence and sexual assault.
The perception of Black women and girls in the media perpetuates negative images reinforcing programming that promotes the idea that Black women, who are exponentially over sexualized and are essentially, not rape-able.
What if your innocence wasn’t given but taken? What if your first sexual experience was rape? Healing after surviving sexual violence is a personal journey but it shouldn’t stay private. EXPOSE THAT SOB immediately!
We have to build a safety net for Black Females locally and globally!
I am a black female who grew up around boys. There are many men in my family. In previous years, I would have fought you if you ever suggested that those men didn’t build a circle of love and protection around me and my female relatives. #blackmensupporingblackwomen
As a child I heard rumors certain females in specific inappropriate situations and I remember being shuffled out of the room when intense “adult conversations” began also known as “Go outside and play!” Or the more popular “Go find something to do, don’t you see grown folks talking?”
But recently, I received a call from a relative. Her voice was different. She spoke with a tone of expectation and I immediately acknowledged the freedom in her voice. She began to reveal a story of survival, resilience and triumph describing a level of mental, spiritual, emotional, physical, and sexual abuse comparable to the historic treatment of slave girls in the Deep South.
Stripped and beaten for attempting to defend your body and its worth from a person whose role is to “protect and provide” is more than confusing and unfortunate.
It’s Traumatic and it’s worthy of REAL discussion! #melanatedpearl
Melanated Pearl host a panel with two black woman on the topic: Angry!
The angry black woman myth also shapes how others read and interpret the actions of Black women. There are various sources, platforms, and mediums that Black women use to shed light on the impact of the myth. Melanated Pearl invites Black women to provide insight on how the myth is reinforced in the media, social spaces, and interpersonal interactions.
Black women are expected to use our anger only in the service of other people’s salvation or learning. But that time is over.
Black women, whether if it’s through activism, academia, art, dance, or writing validate, affirm their rage. Through such activism and discourse, black women have opened many conversations regarding the dismissal and scrutiny of their emotions. | <urn:uuid:e5f8e76d-a1a0-4e78-88aa-bf26688fc512> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://melanatedpearlcorp.agnesscott.org/category/selfframework/pearl-girl/ask-a-pearl-girl/coaching/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.946544 | 875 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Embroidery is defined as the craft of decorating fabric or other materials using a needle to apply thread or yarn. Its roots trace back to Asia thousands of years ago. Throughout this time, embroidery has been seen as a mark of wealth displayed in elaborate clothing, religious objects and household items. Today, embroidery is a popular method of branding and is used to decorate corporate apparel and spirit wear such as caps, polo shirts, woven dress shirts, uniforms, coats and a multitude of other products.
Originally done by hand, modern embroidery is done by computerized machines today. Machines can come in a single head variety where one item at a time can be embroidered or multiple head machines where four, six or even more items can be done at the same time.
These computerized machines interpret a stitch file which determines the sewing location and the thread color to be used. Many machines can run twelve different colors on each head. The creation of the stitch file is a critical component in how the embroidery looks when finished. A poor stitch file will guarantee a poor result.
Items are manually “hooped” by an operator and placed onto the machines for sewing. Proper placement and hooping are critical in the quality of the end product. Other factors that affect the embroidery include the thread being used, the backing used to stabilize the material, machine tensions and a number of other factors.
At Branding Pros, we have decades of experience producing high quality embroidery on all types of items. We have both single head and multi-head machines. So if your job is one item or 1000 items, we can complete the job right here in our facility with local people doing the work! | <urn:uuid:84375930-19f8-4fa3-b7f0-46a11f022656> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.brandingpros.com/embroidery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.924455 | 354 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Grace Bunke was 11 when she was diagnosed with osteosarcoma, a type of bone cancer. She developed her love for swimming in physiotherapy after undergoing a partial leg amputation. Grace was able to combine her two passions – swimming and cancer research – with Swim Across America.
“This was one of his last requests from me, is that I continue his legacy and that I continue to swim with Swim Across America to continue to raise awareness but above all to raise funds for research for clinical trials” said Grace’s mother, Vickie Bunke.
Swimmers and volunteers gathered at the Belle Isle Beach home Thursday to raise money for cancer research during the third annual Motor City Mile Swim Across America. Swimmers of all skill levels were welcomed to the event.
Bunke traveled from Atlanta to participate in the 1-mile freestyle in the Detroit River in honor of Grace. Bunke will embark on an “Amazing Grace Tour”, where she will travel the country for 14 Freestyle Swim Across America to celebrate Grace, who has lived for 14 years.
“We will be completing all 14 races in Atlanta in October. We are excited to finish in Atlanta because Grace swam 1 mile in Lake Lanier in Atlanta and that’s how we connected with Swim Across America,” Bunke said. .
Participants can register to swim a half mile, 1 or 2 miles. The charity event is not a race, so the “winner” is determined by who donates the most money.
Swim Across America hosts similar charity swim events across the country. Money raised at each event is donated to a local cancer research center so that the funds directly benefit the community.
“Three words we all want to hear are ‘I love you’ and three words you never want to hear are ‘you have cancer’, but if so you want to hear ‘there is hope, “those three words. What I love about Swim Across America is that the dollars we raise here… all stay in the community,” said Rob Butch, CEO of Swim Across America.
The Detroit event raised approximately $ 58,000 this year, which will be donated to the Rogel Cancer Center at the University of Michigan.
“It has been a fantastic collaboration with Swim Across America. Everyone who comes to volunteer, swim and fundraise so that we can support our researchers, we are so grateful, ”said Julie Brabbs, Executive Director of Rogel.
“Funding … is really hard to find for researchers, especially for what we fund, which is early stage cancer research. In order for a researcher to start and be able to get some of the first data for their research, they need funding. but it’s hard to get that national funding for that, ”said Julie Wheatley, vice president of operations at Swim Across America.
This year’s recipient of donations is Dr. Phillip Palmbos, assistant professor of internal medicine at the University of Michigan. Palmbos’ research focuses on increasing the rate of positive responses to immunotherapy in patients with pancreatic cancer. Only 1 in 3 patients with pancreatic cancer have a positive response to immunotherapy.
“I deal with cancer patients all the time, so I have faces that come with all of these research projects,” Palmbos said. Her two grandmothers died of breast cancer in their fifties.
Brabbs also has a personal connection to Swim Across America.
“I myself am a 5 year survivor. The treatment that I have received and the long-term side effects that I will continue to have from it, I am very motivated to support research on it and to help improve the incidents of cancer mortality as well as the quality of life of the patients. survivors, ”Brabbs said. mentionned.
Chad Steed, 49, of Huntington Woods, was the main contributor to Thursday’s event, donating $ 7,000. He too is a cancer survivor.
What he thought was a pink eye from swimming turned out to be cancer. Steed was diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma in his twenties.
“The first question I asked the doctor was, ‘Can I continue to swim? It’s not going to spoil the swimming, is it? ”Steed said. “Like many of you, if I don’t swim for a few days, I’m a little scared. It makes me happy, so I had to keep swimming, ”he said.
Steed was treated at the University of Michigan and now, 20 years later, is in remission. The longtime swimmer competed in the 1 mile freestyle at the Swim Across America event.
“We support cancer research. We also want to give family and friends the opportunity to honor loved ones who may be battling cancer or who may have died of cancer,” said Wheatley. “Swimming is a really big challenge for a lot of people. A lot of people think swimming deserves the challenge that cancer patients struggle with.”
Rob Atteberry, 49, of Clarkston, was diagnosed with cancer at the age of 40. Like Grace, he began swimming during his recovery after his second battle with cancer. Atteberry was unable to swim this year but still paddled with the swimmers.
“I’m going to be back here next year for the 2022 Swim Across America, swimming a mile without a doubt about that,” Atteberry said.
Contact Janelle James: [email protected] and follow her on Twitter @Janelle___J | <urn:uuid:26192dd5-918d-4440-b9d2-af91615865e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bsmt.org/swimmers-dive-into-detroit-river-to-raise-money-for-cancer-research/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.967233 | 1,181 | 1.679688 | 2 |
||Mouse Mus musculus
||Weber UJ, Bock T, Buschard K, Pakkenberg B. Total number and size distribution of motor neurons in the spinal cord of normal and EMC-virus infected mice - a stereological study. J Anat. 1997 Oct191 ( Pt 3):347-53. p.348 left column bottom paragraphPubMed ID9418991
||Abstract: "The optical fractionator method was applied for estimating the total number of motor neurons and the 3D size distribution was estimated using the rotator method in a vertical design."
||P.348 left column bottom paragraph: "The size of the cell bodies of the motor neurons varies. Those with a long axon have large cell bodies, whereas those with shorter axons as well as gamma motor neurons have smaller cell bodies. Since alpha motor neurons are substantially larger than most gamma and interneurons, it is possible to identify lamina IX at low magnification. A pilot study indicated that the lower limit of the motor neuron
volume was well above 5000µm^3. The low cut-off point would therefore detect a virus-induced atrophy of the motor neurons." | <urn:uuid:00b66a77-a908-4e04-85f9-1529270e3317> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bionumbers.hms.harvard.edu/bionumber.aspx?s=n&v=3&id=112495 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.839992 | 300 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Brief History of Regulation Leading to the DSHEA
In the United States, dietary supplements are regulated by a comprehensive set of laws and regulations set forth in the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) of 1938, and later amended by the DSHEA of 1994 (See Table 1.3 for a chronology of the legislative acts associated with dietary supplements). This set of legislations gives the FDA jurisdiction over product safety, manufacturing, and labeling. Advertising of dietary supplements is overseen by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC), also established in 1938 by the Wheeler–Lea Act.
Together, the FDA and FTC provide broad federal oversight of the dietary supplement industry as a whole.
Today, the statutes and regulations governing the dietary supplement industry are quite comprehensive, regulating everything from manufacturing to the wording used to market dietary supplements. This was not always the case, however, and we must look back well over a century to see where the first federal regulatory efforts began and why.
The Federal Food and Drugs Act of 1906, better known as the Wiley Act, was the first federal act passed to regulate food and drug production and transport. It prohibited the manufacture of any food or drug that was adulterated or misbranded. It also prohibited the transport of adulterated, misbranded, or otherwise unlawful foods or drugs across state lines or their importation from another country.
At the time, dietary supplements were yet to be conceived of as such, but there were folk remedies and “patent medicines,” which were the ancestors of both modern day drugs and dietary supplements. These concoctions and patent medicines, or nostrums as they were called, were sold as remedies for virtually any ailment. Much of the folk medicine was based on the idea that nature or God has provided remedies for common ailments of humanity in the fauna and flora of the geographical area where those ailments are most likely to occur (Young 1972). The patent medicines were called so because they were remedies that had received patents in Europe before being exported to the colonies of the United States. The many herbs, herbal extracts, glandular extracts, and drugs found in these remedies and patent medicines are too numerous to elaborate on here, but to give you an idea of the scene, it was not uncommon to find any number of opiates, cocaine, and even neurological poisons in these products. The product labels were not required to list the ingredients or warnings of any kind. Moreover, this had been going on for over a century before formal legislation was proposed.
In 1905, an American writer named Samuel Hopkins Adams wrote a series of 11 articles for Collier’s Weekly entitled “The Great American Fraud” (Adams 1911; Fee 2010). Adams exposed many of the false claims made by the purveyors of patent medicines, bringing to the public’s attention the many adverse and, in some cases, fatal events resulting from the use of such products. The articles were very influential and contributed in part to the passage of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act (PFDA).
In 1911, the Supreme Court ruled that the prohibition of falsifications referred only to the ingredients of the medicine and not its claims of efficacy. This meant that companies were again free to make false claims about their products. This inspired Adams to write another series of articles in Collier’s Weekly exposing the false and misleading advertising that companies were using to sell their products. Both series of articles were reprinted as a book in 1911 (Adams 1911).
We now jump to 1938 and the passage of the FDCA. The FDCA essentially replaced the Federal Food and Drugs Act of 1906. In the intervening years between 1906 and 1938, the science of human nutrition and the role of “essential” nutrients progressed, and by the 1920s and 1930s, the public at large had become aware of the concept and importance of vitamins.
Cod liver oil was marketed in 1920 to supply extra Vitamin D and Vitamin A (Hutt 2005). This is perhaps the first food supplement marketed as a dietary supplement. Later in 1934, a true vitamin and mineral supplement was produced and marketed by the Nutrilite Company (Wallace and MacKay 2013). It was crude by today’s standards, made simply by drying and compressing vegetable and fruit juice concentrates into a tablet, but it was by definition a true dietary supplement product.
The FDCA of 1938 recognized that foods could be and were being marketed using claims about their nutritional value, even making what would be considered structure function claims to describe the benefits of consuming it. At the same time, the FDA used the drug provisions of the law to gain greater control and reclassify dietary supplements as drugs based on their label claims. With this act, the FDA was also granted authority to inspect the manufacturing facilities of food, drug, and cosmetic companies. This same year, an amendment was made to the FTC Act to grant FTC oversight of the advertising for FDA-regulated products (except prescription drugs). Today the FTC is the primary enforcer of laws protecting the public against false and misleading claims made by dietary supplement marketers.
In 1941, the FDA added language to specifically address food products marketed with a “special dietary use” label (Porter and Earl 1990). Food products with a special dietary use were defined as used for supplying particular dietary needs that exist by reason of a physical, physiological, pathological, or other conditions, including but not limited to the conditions of disease, convalescence, pregnancy, lactation, allergic hypersensitivity to food, underweight, and overweight. All products falling into this category, which obviously included dietary supplements, were required to have labeling declaring the name, quantity, and percent Minimum Daily Requirement of each added nutrient (6 Fed. Reg. 5921 [Nov. 22, 1941]). This part of the code of regulations remains unchanged to this day.
The next significant legislative act affecting dietary supplements happened in 1976 with the passage of the Proxmire Amendments (Public Law 94-278). Going back for a moment to events leading up to the Proxmire Amendments in the 1960s and early 1970s, the FDA attempted to limit the allowable formulations and potency of vitamin and mineral supplements. In 1962, the agency published a proposed notice that “only those nutrients recognized by ‘competent authorities’ as essential and of significant human value could be offered for sale” (27 Fed. Reg. 5815, 5817 [June 20, 1962]) (Scarbrough 2004 Third Year Paper). The FDA proposed to limit the potency of vitamins and minerals to 150 percent of the reference values. If a dietary supplement exceeded 150 percent of the reference value with one or more vitamins or minerals, the product would be classified as a drug. In addition to the potency of vitamins and minerals, the agency attempted to limit the number and types of combinations of vitamins and minerals that could be sold by issuing a regulation in 1973 that established a Standard of Identity for vitamin and mineral supplements (38 FR 20,730, 20732 [August 2, 1973]) (Wallace and MacKay 2013). Arriving full circle, in 1976 in response to pressure from the public and dietary supplement industry, Congress passed the Proxmire Amendments (1976 Proxmire Amendment, 21 USC §350 [April 22, 1976]). These amendments prevented FDA from limiting the formulations and potency of vitamins and minerals in nutritional supplements and nullified the agency’s authority to classify a vitamin or mineral product as a drug based solely on its potency. The Proxmire Amendments reinstated the original language of FDCA classifying drugs as, “intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease in man or other animals.” (52 Stat 1040 , 21 USC §301 et seq.). This would not be the last time the FDA attempted to limit the formulation of dietary supplements and reclassify them as drugs.
Some 20 years after the proposals put forth in 1973, the FDA issued an advanced notice of proposed rulemaking (ANPR). In this ANPR, the agency again attempted to restrict the potency of vitamins and minerals. It also declared that amino acids are food additives and were not legal in dietary supplements, and that herbal products are inherently therapeutic and should not be sold as dietary supplements. (58 FR 33690 [June 18, 1993]). Then in 1994, seeing that without some action on the part of Congress, the dietary supplement industry was in danger of excessive regulation, Senators Orrin Hatch and Tom Harkin drafted the DSHEA.
The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act
According to U.S. Government Accountability Office, there were about 4,000 dietary supplement products on the market in 1994 when DSHEA was enacted (U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2009 GAO report—FDA should take further actions to improve oversight and consumer understanding, GAO-09- 250). That number has grown significantly since then, likely closer to 40,000 today. With so many products available to consumers, it became evident that a more proactive regulatory framework was needed. DSHEA was enacted for this purpose and was intended to: (1) establish a new framework for assuring safety, (2) outline guidelines for literature displayed where supplements are sold, (3) provide for use claims and nutritional support statements, (4) require ingredient and nutrition labeling, (5) grant FDA the authority to establish good manufacturing practice (GMP) regulations, and (6) form an executive level Commission on Dietary Supplement Labels and an Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) within the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Prior to DSHEA, nutritional supplements were regulated primarily as food products. DSHEA provides an unambiguous definition of a dietary supplement and dictates when a product is to be regulated as a food or as a dietary supplement. DSHEA defines a dietary supplement as:
Any product that:
- is intended to supplement the diet and that bears or contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: a vitamin, a mineral, an herb (other than tobacco) or other botanical, an amino acid (a dietary substance for use by man to supplement the diet by increasing the total daily intake), or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combinations of these ingredients;
- is intended for ingestion in pill, capsule, tablet, or liquid form;
- is not represented for use as a conventional food or as the sole item of a meal or diet;
- is labeled as a “dietary supplement”; and
- includes products such as an approved new drug, certified antibiotic, or
- licensed biologic that was marketed as a dietary supplement or food before approval, certification, or license (unless the Secretary of Health and Human Services waives this provision).
If a product or ingredient was already marketed as a dietary supplement prior to 1994, it was “grandfathered” and did not require any notification of the FDA. A new ingredient introduced after the passage of DSHEA, however, must be registered with the FDA as a “new dietary ingredient” (NDI). If a manufacturer wishes to market an NDI, it must notify the FDA with the appropriate safety documentation at least 75 days before marketing it. Appropriate documentation includes information about the chemical identity of the ingredient and justification that the new ingredient “will reasonably be expected to be safe” (DSHEA, 108 Stat 4325 ).
The FDA will then respond acknowledging that the file was received and may pose additional questions about the ingredient. The FDA does not “approve” an NDI. By only acknowledging receipt of the premarket filing for an NDI, the FDA reserves the right to have the ingredient removed from the market at its discretion at a later date should it feel it is unsafe. All other nonactive ingredients and excipients used in the manufacture of dietary supplements must be FDA-approved food additives or generally recognized as safe (GRAS).
Good Manufacturing Practices. The manufacturing of dietary supplements is regulated by the FDA with the establishment of GMPs similar to those established for foods. GMPs put controls in place over how dietary supplements are manufactured to ensure they are produced in a consistent manner and meet quality standards for identity, purity, concentration, potency, and composition.
The GMPs apply to all domestic and foreign companies that manufacture, package, label, or hold dietary supplements, including those involved with the activities of testing, quality control, packaging and labeling, and distributing them in the United States (21 CFR Part 111). The requirements include provisions related to:
- the design and construction of physical plants that facilitate maintenance and compliance;
- hiring of qualified personnel;
- cleaning and maintenance of manufacturing equipment and facilities;
- proper manufacturing operations;
- quality control procedures and personnel;
- testing the final product and incoming and in-process raw materials;
- handling consumer complaints; and
- maintaining records.
Under DSHEA, the responsibility of ensuring the safety of a dietary supplement falls on the manufacturer. GMPs do not ensure whether a dietary supplement is good for you or not or whether the substance itself is even safe to consume. A dietary supplement is only considered unsafe or “adulterated” if it or one of its ingredients presents “a significant or unreasonable risk of illness or injury” when used as directed on the label or under normal conditions of use when there are no directions. As mentioned with the requirements of premarket notification of NDIs, the FDA does not formally approve dietary supplements before they can be marketed, but under DSHEA, the FDA has the authority to remove any product from the market should it be deemed unsafe. In addition, the manufacturer, bottler, or distributor whose name appears on the label of a dietary supplement marketed in the United States is required to submit to FDA all serious adverse event reports associated with the use of the dietary supplement in the United States (FDA n.d.).
FDA regulations require that a descriptive name of the product stating that it is a “dietary supplement” be present on the label. Further, dietary supplement labels must list the ingredient names and amounts in a standardized “supplement facts” panel. The amounts per serving must be listed as a percentage of the Daily Value for each ingredient. Active ingredients that do not have an established Daily Value should also be listed in the supplement facts panel. DSHEA allows the listing of a “proprietary blend” by ingredient without disclosing the amounts of each individual ingredient in the blend. This protects companies using proprietary formulations from having to disclose their formula.
Products are required to meet label claims, which is to say they must contain the levels of active ingredients listed in the supplement facts panel for the duration of the products’ shelf life (i.e., up to the date of expiration). Products may be labeled “high potency” if they contain at least 100 percent of the Reference Daily Intake (RDI) for that nutrient. Ingredients that are naturally occurring are allowed to be within 80 percent of the label claim without being considered misbranded. All dietary supplements marketed in the United States must also contain the address and contact information of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor.
Health Benefit Claims
Dietary supplements should not claim or imply that it may be used to treat, mitigate, or cure any disease or illness not directly caused by a nutrient deficiency; more on that later. Statements can be made, however, that describe the role of a nutrient or dietary ingredient intended to affect a structure or function in the body or that characterize the documented mechanism by which a nutrient or dietary ingredient acts to maintain such structure or function, provided that such statements are not disease claims. These are called structure function claims such as those used historically for food and drugs. An example of a structure claim would be, “calcium is important for strong bones and teeth.” An example of a function claim might be, “Dietary fiber helps maintain bowel regularity.”
FDA regulation stipulates that claims of any type must have adequate substantiation before they can be used to market a dietary supplement. The FDA has stated that it considers two randomized placebo controlled trials of sufficient power and size to be the standard for substantiating a claim. Even an unstated “implied claim” must not be untruthful or misleading and have adequate substantiation. A company must have this substantiation in place before making any health benefit claim to market a product. The FDA must also be notified that you intend to use the claim within 30 days of first marketing the product. All labels that contain health benefit claims must also carry a “disclaimer” that the FDA has not evaluated the claim. The disclaimer must also state that the dietary supplement product is not intended to “diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.”
Disease claims cannot be made for any dietary supplement. A disease claim is defined as any claim, implied or otherwise, that the product is intended to diagnose, mitigate, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. In fact, within DSHEA a drug is not defined by its chemical composition but by the wording used to describe its function. For example, vitamin C can be either a drug or a dietary supplement depending on what you say it will do; thus the statement “Vitamin C may reduce the incidence or duration of a cold” would qualify the product as a new and unapproved drug. Any new or unapproved drug would be required to be removed from the market immediately pending FDA evaluation, again, regardless of what the substance actually is. On the other hand, the statement, “Vitamin C supports the immune system” qualifies the product as a dietary supplement. The one exception for disease claims are nutrient deficiency disease claims. These describe a benefit related to a nutrient deficiency disease (like vitamin D and rickets, or vitamin C and scurvy), but such claims are allowed only if they also inform the consumer of the prevalence of such a disease in the United States.
The Office of Dietary Supplements
The enactment of DSHEA brought with it the creation of the ODS as part of the NIH. The purpose of the ODS is twofold: to explore the potential role of dietary supplements as a significant part of the efforts of the United States to improve health care and to promote scientific study of the benefits of dietary supplements in maintaining health and preventing chronic diseases and other health-related conditions. Though not directly stated, the ODS serves to balance or temper the FDA’s long-standing position against dietary supplements by objectively furthering the science and understanding of the role of dietary supplements in public health.
This was only a brief survey of Federal regulation over dietary supplements. For a more in-depth treatment of the subject, the author suggests Wallace’s Dietary Supplement Regulation in the United States (Wallace and MacKay 2013). Free access to the DSHEA, and all amendments, is also available through the FDA’s website. | <urn:uuid:4689ce60-1d32-4701-8c00-589feea9753d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fitmesolution.com/are-dietary-supplements-regulated/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.951933 | 3,917 | 3.265625 | 3 |
It is never appropriate for a white person to put burnt cork, shoe polish paint or other substances on their face in order to impersonate a "black" person. This is demeaning and dehumanizing. It gives at least tacit permission for racist violence against African-Americans and other nonwhite people.
Blackface minstrelsy was wrong in the 19th and early 20th centuries when it played a major role in American popular culture. It is wrong in the 21st century as well.
Virginia Gov. Ralph Northam apparently never learned this lesson -- or, just as likely, he knew better and because of a sense of white privilege and entitlement thought that such rules of human decency did not apply to him and other white men of his social class.
On Friday, a page from Northam's 1984 yearbook at Eastern Virginia Medical School was made public online. On his page there are several photos of Northam and an image of a young white man in blackface (who is dressed like the racist caricature "Jim Crow") and another person wearing the uniform of America's largest terrorist organization -- a white Ku Klux Klan robe. The photo was apparently taken at a costume party.
In response, Northam apologized, saying on Friday that: "Earlier today, a website published a photograph of me from my 1984 medical school yearbook in a costume that is clearly racist and offensive. I am deeply sorry for the decision I made to appear as I did in this photo and for the hurt that decision caused then and now."
The next day, he backtracked, insisting that neither of the men in the offensive yearbook photo was actually him. Instead, Northam offered another scenario and admission: Yes, he did appear in blackface once, but only for a dance contest when he pretended to be Michael Jackson.
The shoe polish apparently enhanced Northam's ability to dance: He told reporters during his Saturday press conference that he used Jackson's legendary "moonwalk" to win the contest.
Northam, a man who grew up in the American South in the immediate aftermath of the civil rights movement, also claims he did not know that donning blackface was offensive.
Northam's pivots and denials are problematic in another way as well. That he cannot even recall if it was him or someone else dressed as a Klansman or a blackface race minstrel suggests that such behavior was sufficiently common in his social circle that there are likely other problems with Northam's personal character that may disqualify him from holding public office. (Other photographs from the same yearbook suggest this may be the case.)
Northam should resign immediately. He has lost any moral legitimacy to lead a multiracial and ethnically diverse state. For him to remain in office is an affront not just to black Americans but to any and all decent people. As a report published Saturday in the Washington Post observes, Northam's betrayal is even more glaring because he "built his political career on denunciations of his state’s racist past, attacking Confederate monuments and energetically courting African American voters."
Within hours of the blackface photo appearing online, leading Democrats both in Virginia and nationwide -- including most of the likely candidates for the 2020 presidential nomination -- called for Northam to step down. At this writing, he refuses to do so.
Republicans and the right-wing media have also demanded that Northam resign from office. This is a good deal more problematic. This supposed disgust by conservatives is not based on a principled rejection of either racism or white supremacy. Rather it is an opportunity to score political points by distracting public attention from the fact that it is the Republican Party, not the Democratic Party, that has been wrong on almost every question of racial justice, human dignity and the color line for at least the last 50 years.
In this way, the more Republicans condemn racism and white supremacy the more obvious it becomes that they support such ideas, beliefs and practices. This is a feedback loop that Republicans and conservatives created. Selective condemnation of racism (or sexism, bigotry, nativism, homophobia or any other form of bigotry) is not virtuous; it should not be applauded. At the heart of racism is hypocrisy. Today's Republican Party and conservative movement excel at both.
Examples of this are almost too numerous to list. The Republican Party has mined white racism and white racial resentment as the primary fuel for its political machine since President Richard Nixon and the infamous "Southern strategy."
Donald Trump can fairly be described as an unrepentant racist. He suggested that at least some of the neo-Nazis and KKK members who rioted in Charlottesville were "very fine people." He has repeatedly tried to ban Muslims from entering the United States, and has slandered Latino immigrants as being natural-born rapists, murderers and thieves who come to American to "breed" and "infest" the country. It is Trump's official policy to put brown and black migrants and refugees from Latin and South America in concentration camps.
Trump has used derogatory terms for majority black countries. He and his father discriminated against blacks and other nonwhites by refusing to lease them property. He built his political career on the implication that Barack Obama was not born in the United States, making our first black president a usurper.
Trump's White House is or has been infested at the highest levels with white racists, most prominently adviser Stephen Miller, who has driven Trump's immigration policies. Miller's apparent goal is to advance white nationalism by reshaping American policies to hurt nonwhites and to further elevate and privilege those white people perceived as allies.
Rep. Steve King, an Iowa Republican, has routinely channeled white supremacist and neo-Nazi talking points for years. His racist views are no secret but only recently became an embarrassment. At long last, he has been stripped of his committee assignments by House Republicans -- many of whom endorsed King for re-election last year.
Numerous racist and white supremacist organizations have enthusiastically endorsed and supported Trump, claiming him as their hero, and defender.
In recent decades, the Republican Party has systematically attempted to gut the civil and human rights of black people and other nonwhites. Public opinion and other research shows that white Republicans are more likely to be racist and racially resentful than white Democrats. This is especially true of Donald Trump's voters and other supporters.
What are some lessons to be learned from Ralph Northam's fall from grace?
If Northam had admitted, without equivocation, that he was in the photograph and was ashamed of his racist behavior, and said he had worked for years to become a better person, he would likely not be facing political self-immolation today. Instead he chose to tap dance around the truth. Now no hands -- black or brown or white -- will likely reach out to save him.
What of the claim by Northam's defenders that his alleged transgression took place some three decades ago and his behavior since then shows him to be a good and righteous man, especially on matters of racial justice and human rights? Shouldn't he be forgiven?
Personal growth begins by acknowledging wrongdoing and not denying it. Without that gesture everything that follows is suspect. This is as true of Ralph Northam's apparent past racism as of the sexual assault allegations against Supreme Court Justice Brett Kavanaugh.
This is also true for the Republican Party. It can have no credibility on questions of racial justice and human rights unless and until it purges the racists from its ranks (and abandons its anti-black and anti-brown policies). This extends from Donald Trump on down to the party's core voters.
Of course this will not happen, or at least not anytime soon. Racism is embedded in the brand of today's Republican Party. To ask its leaders, news media and public to disavow a core part of their collective identity would be like asking someone to cut off his own hand with a knife. If the gangrene is spreading and the rot is bad enough, yes, it can be done. It is necessary, and it will be painful. | <urn:uuid:dece125c-e0c9-4f35-a2e9-93a3b31ac5a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.salon.com/2019/02/04/blackface-and-hypocrisy-northam-must-go-but-republicans-have-no-moral-standing-on-racism/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.976119 | 1,650 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Welcome back! I’m glad you have returned to read my latest post as it contains very important information about womb cancer.
As I mentioned in my first post, one of the key reasons for this blog is to spread awareness of womb cancer. While there are some more common and obvious symptoms such as vaginal bleeding after menopause, there are also others, less obvious ones. I only learnt about the range of symptoms AFTER my diagnosis. Not very helpful. So through my blog and the cycle ride, I wish to inform others of the symptoms so they will know to seek medical advice sooner than I did.
Background on Womb Cancer
Womb cancer affects the female reproductive system and is also known as uterine or endometrial cancer. Most womb cancers begin in the lining of the womb, which is called the endometrium. They can also start in the muscles surrounding the womb but this is a lot less common. This type of cancer is called uterine sarcoma and can be treated differently from womb cancer.
According to the NHS, there are about 8,475 new cases of womb cancer each year in the UK and it is the fourth most common cancer in women. The top three are breast, lung and colorectal cancers. Whilst most cases of womb cancer are in women over 40, it can affect women of any age. Especially if there is an underlying cause such as Lynch Syndrome – more of which in a later post.
An article I came across on womb cancer stated that womb cancer diagnosis have increased by roughly 50% in the last 20 years. Whilst this is very worrying, it is worth remembering that early diagnosis can save lives. When diagnosed at stage 1, around 95% of women are cured. The statistics do vary a little depending on the source. I have taken my data from the NHS information on womb cancer. You will be able to find the rest of the statistics here.
When womb cancer is diagnosed at stage one, a hysterectomy is usually enough to cure the cancer. However, when the cancer has processed to a later stage, as in my case when it was at stage three and spread to nearby lymph nodes, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are also used to treat the cancer.
The Most Common Symptom
The most common signs of womb cancer involve changes to periods. Women who have been through menopause, should have any vaginal bleeding investigated. For those who have yet to go through menopause, the changes can include periods getting longer or heavier or bleeding between periods. Unfortunately, many women are like me and regard possible symptoms as something else. I thought my heavier and longer periods were simply a sign of aging and changes in my hormones. This issue is discussed further in the same article I mentioned before.
While abnormal bleeding is the most common (and supposedly) obvious sign that you should seek medical help, there are other signs, too. Signs that are easily dismissed as something else.
Seeking Medical Advice
What prompted me to visit my doctor at last, was when the periods became very painful. They had gradually become longer and heavier, but then the pain arrived. Soon I was popping painkillers to get through the day. Even I could no longer dismiss this as signs of getting closer to menopause and booked a time to see my doctor.
My doctor’s practice has several doctors and I chose a doctor who specialises in ‘female issues’. She was excellent. She referred me to further investigations to determine the cause of the bleeding rather than simply recommend pills or a coil. I have heard women, especially younger women, getting a delayed diagnosis because their doctors did not investigate the cause. I would urge anyone who goes to see a doctor due to changes to periods to insist on a referral to a gynaecologist. Do not take no for an answer because you ‘are too young to have womb cancer’. Remember, it can develop at any age and early diagnosis saves lives!
Other Symptoms of Womb Cancer
So far I have covered the symptom that is the easiest to spot, but there are other symptoms that may indicate womb cancer. One of these is back pain. I used to get regular lower back pain over the last few years or even longer. Initially more when I was on my periods, but then also during period free weeks.
I thought this was because of my job as a teacher. Bending over to help pupils and marking books in an awkward position. Only when I researched womb cancer after my diagnosis did I find out that it can be a symptom of womb cancer.
A further symptom listed for womb cancer is constant tiredness. I used to feel tired often, but then I am not alone in the teaching profession, especially towards the end of the term. Teachers in the UK are guilty of working the most overtime out of all professions and regularly work 50 hours per week or more. So, without questioning it further, I put it down to working long hours each week.
I also often felt bloated, and my bowel movements were quite irregular. These I thought were because I didn’t have the best diet. In the last months before the operation I needed to urinate more often, too. Sometimes I had to get up several times in the night to go to the toilet. So, all in all, there were many symptoms that could have prompted me to seek medical advice had I known they were indicators of something more serious rather than just my poor habits.
If you or someone you know exhibits symptoms from below, please don’t hesitate to see your doctor and ask for a gynaecological examination.
- bleeding after the menopause
- bleeding in between periods
- heavier periods than usual
- watery or bloody vaginal discharge
- long lasting bloated or swollen tummy
- feeling full quickly or loss of appetite
- pain in the lower tummy or pelvis most of the time
- peeing more often than usual or more urgently
- diarrhoea or constipation
- back pain
- feeling tired all the time
I know this might all sound a bit doom and gloom-like and some of you might right now be ticking items on the list and getting worried. However, my aim is not to scare anyone. Remember that experiencing any of the symptoms above, even vaginal bleeding, is not necessarily a sign of womb cancer. The important thing is to be aware of changes to your body and speak to your doctor about any concerns.
Until next time.
Here’s what you can do next to help me raise awareness and more money for the charity.
- Like and comment on the post.
- Help spread the word by sharing this post with your friends and followers on social media.
- Make a donation to the Royal Marsden Cancer Charity, see our fundraising page.
Here are some links to find out more about womb cancer: | <urn:uuid:c8e4d6a7-37a0-454e-ac92-de1a483c43d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cyclingforcancer.co.uk/womb-cancer-symptoms/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.97314 | 1,415 | 2.203125 | 2 |
New HBO Doc Explores An Experimental Prison Yard In California
HBO has an upcoming documentary on the lifers in an experimental prison yard that focuses on self-improvement. Toe Tag Parole: To Live and Die on Yard A premieres on HBO on August 3 at 9 p.m., according to City News Service. Produced by Alan and Susan Raymond (I Am A Promise: The Children of Stanton School), the documentary revolves around California State Prison's Progressive Programming Facility. This prison yard, also known as the Honor Yard, houses 600, most of them serving life sentences without the possibility of parole.
Some of these men have spent nearly their whole lives in prison after being sentenced when they were only in their early teens. One of the men, Ken Hartman, got drunk when he was just 19 and beat a man to death. He's been in prison for 36 years, according to a release. He told filmmakers that the argument for locking people up for life has always been that it's better than the death penalty. "I'm sentenced to Life Without the Possibility of Parole," he said. "It's not better than the death sentence, because it is the death sentence."
California State Prison is a maximum-security prison in the Mojave Desert. The Progressive Programming Facility, however, is unique. The program came about in 2000 after an inmate requested a separate prison yard for men who, like him, were serving life sentences with no chance of parole. The California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation responded by turning Yard A into the Progressive Programming Facility. Here, inmates receive educations, practice religion and take art and music therapy courses. Filmmakers say that the problems that plague other prison yards—violence, gangs, drugs, booze, racial discord—don't exist here. There are no other programs like it in the U.S., though these 600 men are only a small fraction of the 50,000 people who are serving life sentences in the U.S.
This HBO documentary comes on the heels of other successful documentaries from the network, including Going Clear, which explored Scientology, and The Jinx, a true-crime miniseries that ultimately resulted in the arrest of New York real estate mogul Robert Durst for murder. | <urn:uuid:511df71b-1eee-402c-92a7-0c611f8dc50e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://laist.com/news/entertainment/toe-tag-parole-documentary | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.962537 | 459 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Have fun at one of our Botox Parties while you inject those bothersome frowny muscles into submission to give yourself a happier, more youthful look.
I personally have been getting shots in my face since the year 2000. And yes, I know I look far too young to have been doing that for so long. It must be the Botox. Case closed. Kidding, not kidding. While it’s true that the sooner you start, the better it works, we do not recommend Botox for pre-teens.
However, we do suggest that
1)It’s never too early to get kids into a good skincare routine (more on that in a future post) and
2)Shooting a little Botox into those first wrinkles as soon as they show up will definitely keep them from developing into big ones, the ones that we say “define character” and “tell the stories of our lives”. I say B.S. — most of us would happily give up the ”character” and the “stories” to visually take 10 years off our faces. Not all of us, but most of us.
This post is written to those in that larger category.
So, let’s talk about that most misunderstood member of the cosmetic procedures, the mother of them all, Botox.
First of all, Botox has become the catch-all phrase for anything that gets injected into the face. Not True. Botox is a brand name for Botulinum toxin, a purified protein derived from the bacterium
Clostridium botulinum, which has been researched for more than 100 years. It is not to be confused with Restylane, Juvederm or other fillers that actually fill in existing wrinkles.
Since the bacteria was identified in 1895, researchers have been intrigued by its potential therapeutic uses. Its
ability to smooth wrinkles was noticed in the 1970s by a San Francisco doctor searching for ways to correct crossed eyes, and in the 1990s, word of mouth spread the fame of the exciting cosmetic side effects. The
official Botox website says it is “FDA-approved
to temporarily make moderate to severe frown lines, crow’s feet and forehead lines look better in adults”.
Since its FDA approval for cosmetic use in 2002, Botox, and its competing brands Xeomin and
Dysport, (similar but not chemically exactly the same) have been used for a huge range of medical conditions including
excessive sweating, neck spasms, leaky bladders, premature ejaculation, migraines, cold hands, depression, twitching eyes, overactive bladders, sweaty palms, uncontrolled blinking, muscle stiffness/spasms and movement disorders such as cervical dystonia and torticollis, and even the dangerous cardiac condition of atrial fibrillation after heart surgery.
The list continues to grow.
In 2015, Botox, produced by pharmaceutical maker Allergan, generated global revenue of
$2.45 billion dollars.
But back to beauty.
We are a beauty business. And here at Beauty of Wax, where South Florida comes to Get Sexy, we use it so you can look and feel your best.
In plain English, what Botox (we’ll use it as the generic word for the toxin) does, when injected into the tiny muscles of your face, is it paralyses the muscle so you can’t make the movements that cause wrinkles. (Important to note: Botox relaxes muscles so
you cannot frown. It
does not fill wrinkles. )
For me, just a little drop of Botox between the eyebrows and a little drop on the outside corner of each of my eyes stops me from scowling. This makes me feel (and I think also look) a lot prettier and a lot happier. For many others, a couple of shots in the forehead gets rid of those wrinkles and makes the top of the face flat as a pancake, perfect for wearing your hair pulled back and never needing bangs again. I have also had a little bit injected into my chin to relax my clenched jawline.
Botox must be administered by a licensed and trained professional, and our skilled artiste Jeff Balila will make you feel very comfortable while he makes you even more beautiful than you already are! Some people come in before a big event (we recommend that you do it a week or two before so it has a chance to settle in) while many schedule regular shots three to four times a year so they always look their best. Botox has zero downtime, you can go about
your business immediately. Slight redness or swelling may be noticeable at the injection sites for 1 to 2 hours post procedure.
Depending on your skin type, heredity and sun exposure, Botox can be started on patients as young as their late 20s, though most people opt for their first shots somewhere between 35 and 40. Generally speaking, start when you start to see wrinkles, and the earlier you start, the less you will need in the future. A new study reported online indicated that after two years of treatment, a good result can be achieved with less frequent injections.
Beauty Of Wax has Botox parties every other month all year round. Add your name to our mailing list to be notified of our next one. Our parties are so much fun, filled with laughter, snacks and champagne. Appointments typically take between 10 and 20 minutes from start to finish.
And bring your guys! 453,281 men got Botox injections in 2016 — adding up to 9.9 percent of total procedures done on both men and women. In 2015, a study by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons said that the number of men getting injections increased by 337
per cent since 2000!
Be sure to mention this blogpost when you make your reservation for a special promotional treat. We promise that you will still be able to smile! | <urn:uuid:f32e3583-600d-4921-ae94-328a15d482bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://beautyofwax.com/botox-your-blues-away/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.950309 | 1,239 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Building retaining walls is more that just pouring a pile of concrete—-or stacking a bunch of stones together and hoping for the best. Retaining walls are “systems” that require proper footings, proper construction, proper drainage and proper back-fill—-depending on the types of walls, height etc. Many homes have retaining walls installed along the driveways so that access is possible to the garage or basement. These walls are often poorly constructed, usually have inadequate drainage systems, and have no barriers to prevent falls—-especially in older homes.
Of all the components of the retaining wall (putting personal safety aside for a moment), its drainage system is perhaps the most important. You can build walls like the this brick retaining wall and if it is drained properly it will do its job. But, if you build a nice concrete wall and backfill it with non-draining fill, the result will be leaning and possible collapse of the wall—-sooner or later. Here are a couple of pictures of poorly drained retaining walls that are nearing the point of collapse.
As a general rule, if you run an imaginary plum line down from the top of the wall, and the distance from that line to the base of wall is greater than ½ the thickness of the wall—-collapse is possible due to gravity—-regardless of pressures against it. (As a side note—-concrete is heavy, and tipping over concrete is not a good idea.)
Loose stone walls can sometimes be more forgiving because water that gets behind the wall can drain out though the many openings. Solid concrete and brick walls need weep holes along the base of the wall to relieve hydrostatic pressure. All types of retaining walls should have drainable fill behind them so that hydrostatic pressure is not an issue.
Some loose stone walls employ TROLLS to keep an eye on things.
Charles Buell, Seattle Home Inspector
If you enjoyed this post, and would like to get notices of new posts to my blog, please subscribe via email in the little box to the right. I promise NO spamming of your email | <urn:uuid:09c21255-314d-4ceb-b1d3-2e681d96fc5e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.buellinspections.com/retaining-walls-can-collapse/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.934885 | 427 | 2.234375 | 2 |
With over R110 million raised to date to secure the education of more than 2330 students across South Africa, the Feenix crowdfunding platform established by Standard Bank has provided an effective model to help fund education in South Africa.
Feenix crowdfunding platform aims to make education available to all, regardless of economic status or wealth. Currently, Standard Bank acts as the financier of the initiative, providing financial support and guidance while the Feenix team develops a self-sustaining model. Standard Bank has also linked its UCount Rewards programme to Feenix, allowing customers to use their rewards to fund a student.
“The dissatisfaction with accessibility and the high cost of quality education raised during the Fees Must Fall movement in 2015 has not disappeared and cannot be left to the Government alone to address,” said Ben Pretorius, Head Education Sector at Standard Bank.
The latest report on Higher Education and Skills from Statistics South Africa found that more than half (51%) of South Africa’s youth aged between 18 and 24 did not have the financial means to pay for their tuition. Only 33,8% of youth were attending educational institutions. Among those, 22,2% were attending college on a full-time basis, while 11,6% were attending post-school educational institutions.
Standard Bank has identified education as one of the 10 ecosystems in which the bank can make a meaningful contribution to development by leveraging innovation. Education is one of the most important determinants of an individual’s success and a key driver of positive life outcomes.This is especially relevant in South Africa, where youth illiteracy and unemployment remain persistently high.
In 2017 Standard Bank partnered with the Feenix initiative to address the tertiary debt crisis by developing an online crowd-funding platform that connects students and funders. Feenix effectively provides a tool for students to formalise their fundraising efforts and a channel for funders to find students to support.
“By making donations from different communities, individuals or organisations visible on a single platform, we are able to transparently show exactly where and how their money is being spent, while also allowing supporters to donate towards specific students,” said Pretorius.
Better educated people achieve higher standards of living, enjoy better health, and are less affected by the gender wage gap. Higher education levels also have a measurable positive impact on a country’s ability to sustain growth and broaden economic inclusion.
Of the R110 million in funds received through Feenix to date, more than R34 million has gone to students studying science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) degrees. These skills are vital in reducing South Africa’s primary commodity dependence while elevating our economy onto a more inclusive, higher earning, knowledge and service growth track.
Pretorius said the success of this platform is driven by transparency.
“Allowing donors to see who their donation is going to and what it’s being used for, encourages corporates and individuals alike to support education.” | <urn:uuid:6f278c82-eebc-4707-9acd-7b441d17174f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.iol.co.za/education/schools/feenix-crowdfunding-raise-r110-million-to-help-students-across-south-africa-6d0028ab-469c-4c0c-994c-3b426c119929 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.9548 | 622 | 1.882813 | 2 |
African Wolf Density in the Ethiopian Highlands and its Implication for Ethiopian Wolf Conservation
Project Animal(s) : Canids, African wolf (Canis lupaster) and Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis)
Project Category : Mammals
Project Region : Africa
Project Type : Conservation
Project URL : http://www.mn.uio.no/cees/english/people/phd/tarikumg/
Project is timebound? : Yes
Project Start Date : June 12, 2018
Two species of canids, African wolf (Canis lupaster) and Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis) co-exist in the Ethiopian highlands. The recently discovered African wolf is distributed in northern and eastern Africa while the endangered Ethiopian wolf is endemic to the Ethiopian highlands. With fewer than 500 adult individuals left in the wild, the Ethiopian wolf is the world’s rarest canid. Rabies and canine distemper had been reported as the most important threat for the survival of Ethiopian wolves; however, we have recently documented another potential threat of Ethiopian wolf as a result of interference competition with the sympatric African wolf.
The outcome of the interactions was affected by numerical superiority and territorial dominance which played a more important role than body size differences. High density of the African wolf implies further research and conservation management plan for the endangered Ethiopian wolf. In this study, we aim to determine the density of the African wolves across the range of Ethiopian wolves using call-up methods.
The study will be carried out in Bale Mountains, Guassa Community conservationArea, Borena Saynt National Park, Arsi Mountains and Simien Mountains. Call-up method is an effective and inexpensive technique for counting Africa wolves. I will play continuous gnu-hyaena distress calls and African wolf sounds for 40 minutes, 20 min broadcast followed by a ten minutes pause in two cycles of on an MP3 player connected to a megaphone. The density of the African wolf will be estimated using the model of Mills et al (2001).
The data from this study is crucial for the following points:
1) We have documented the African wolf as a potential threat for Ethiopian wolf and might contribute for the recent extermination of them in some of the Ethiopian highlands such as Guna Mountains. Therefore, the data will provide valuable information to guide the conservation efforts of the endangered Ethiopian wolf.
2) The African wolf is data deficient in IUCN red list and this project will provide important data for the population status of the African wolf in the Ethiopian highlands.
3) The study also sources of information for developing mitigation measures of the serious Human-African wolf conflict in the Ethiopian highlands.
Project Researcher : Tariku Mekonnen Gutema
Project Researcher Contact : [email protected]
Additional Information : | <urn:uuid:60e0d2e3-015f-46d1-ae30-b47d75ba8f74> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.systemanaturae.org/wildlifeprojects/african-wolf-density-in-the-ethiopian-highlands-and-its-implication-for-ethiopian-wolf-conservation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.856494 | 628 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Translation: Nalan Özkan Lecerf
It is narrated that a philosopher from the Ihvan-i Safa group said the following: “Religion is concerned with the treatment of the sick, philosophy on the treatment of healthy people. The prophets treat the sick so that their illness does not worsen, and that they even heal completely. Philosophers, on the other hand, protect the health of healthy people in order to prevent any disease. “
İhvân-ı Safâ is the name of a group that emerged in the tenth century. Writing 52 encyclopedia-style treatises in a poetic language, they examine many topics from mathematics to music, from philosophy to astronomy, and from magic to love.
In a period of social and intellectual splitting in Islamic history, they strive to purify the heart and raise the human being under the guidance of the mind. According to them, one should not be enemies of any science, and not avoid any book. They emphasize tolerance towards other thoughts and beliefs.
There are different theories and rumors about who they are. The aureole of mystery around them has not been lifted for a thousand years. As the second of the three “secret imams” allegedly wrote the treatises, there are also those who attribute the Ihvân-ı Safâ to different structures from the Ismailis to the Nusayris and Durzis. It is known that, by the order of the Abbasid caliph in 1050, the treatises of İhvânı Safa (along with the works of Ibni Sina) were collected from all libraries and burned. However, the Andalusian philosopher Müslim saves the treatises from extinction by collecting them during his travel to the East.
“(These) treatises are gloss, healing, radiance and light. Even if they could not be medicine, it is like a disease. If it cannot heal, it will make sick; if it doesn’t improve, it will create disorder; If it does not make achieve salvation, it will destroy. It treats; but sometimes it can make sick. It both kills and resurrects. “
Finally the treatises were translated into Turkish and published in five volumes. This work, which has been wandering through a wide cultural and intellectual geography from East to West for a thousand years, with first its breath and later its ghost, now awaits to be read and to take its place again in purified hearts. | <urn:uuid:dd9c9ef4-1874-468b-b819-b5254c577aac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hygeia-turkey.com/blog/from-the-backcover-of-the-treatises-of-ihvan-i-safa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.969996 | 517 | 2.453125 | 2 |
At the heart of Roero – a UNESCO World Heritage Site – in Vezza d’Alba, Antica Cascina dei Conti di Roero has been producing wines since 1950. On these ancient hills Daniela’s parents bought Cascina Valmenera
and merged Monteu Roero vineyards so as to start their vinification. Their quality winemaking started in 1970 with the foundation of the winery, which is led today by Daniela and her husband Luigi.
Roero is more than just its vineyards and wines – its rich and biodiverse soil is a unique heritage of Antica Cascina dei Conti di Roero. Daniela and Luigi produce Roero DOCG wines
and Spumante on a land that emerged from the sea over 3 million years ago – and it’s still preserving the great unique geological wealth of the Roero terroir. | <urn:uuid:0a234d8d-b029-4577-a66a-f57416c56fa8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://anticacascinacontidiroero.it/en/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.889991 | 191 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Mechanical Design & Development
Press Die Design
Plastic Injection Mold Design
Other Engineering Services
Our Design Process
– Precision at the highest level
Each project is unique; therefore, our design process is scalable to any need and flexible enough to work with any size company. Our philosophy is we have one chance to get everything right in initial die design and engineering because changes past that point can be errors that cost time and money. And we approach every job with that same philosophy, whether it is a one-hole pierce die or a complex bodyside. When we design and engineer tools, we factor quality, efficiency and durability into the equation. We look at every detail to anticipate potential problems. Our years of experience allow us to enhance your tool to provide trouble-free operation and consistent performance. Our goal is first part that achieves 90% or better within specification.
Fast and high-quality tool design in optimal size and minimum costs
Our designs are 100% 3D solid modeled using either die design software. We design to our customers’ standards and specifications in conjunction with our own internal processes and procedures to insure every design meets or exceeds our customers’ expectations. Our overall goal: give our customers the least number of operations that will produce dimensionally correct parts, based on their capabilities and equipment. We then perform finite element analysis of the tools and simulation to verify if the process is feasible for the part as it is designed. We realize the value of using the latest technology available to create the best quality design possible. That’s why we leverage the leading, most up-to-date software in the tool & die and mechanical engineering industry for the services we provide.
Cost-based Design for Manufacturability, Consulting
While die engineering and design may represent about 15 percent of the total cost of a die, it can impact 60 percent of the overall cost — particularly if it isn’t done right. A competitive product like vehicle must address factors such as cost, performance, aesthetics and quality. There are many process parameters which have great effect on the forming quality of B.I.W parts during automobile panel stamping. Proper method of Cost-based design can reduce scrap in manufacturing and Manufacturing Processes.
Sheet Metal Stamping Dies
Feasibility, strip layout design (method plan), optimization, simulation
The purpose of 2D Method Plan is to help customer understanding the die process more easily and facilitate better communication between two parties. We provide 2D format information with *.PDF file. The 3D method plan is provided with *.STEP format, which can be used for 3D die design and this result is served with springback analysis. In addition, it also calculates the right “forming force” and “binder force” with real draw bead modeling, and the process of analysis for spring back, “Compensation” helps us saving a time and cost to manufacturing actual tools. Our customers are therefore ensured of designs in-line with their budgets as well as a faultless, robust manufacturing and production processes.
We routinely design large and complex line dies, transfer dies and stage tools for medium to highly complex parts
Line dies are used to manufacture large parts that cannot be efficiently manufactured in one press. We are capable of design high-quality dies that comply with our customers’ engineering specifications, standards and requirements. The production of large auto body panels requires very expensive tooling. We engage our customers in conversations of possible design improvements to the part so they can have the most robust manufacturing process possible.
UP Engineering’s transfer press simulation service provides key insights into your transfer die process before the dies are machined, built and tried out. Our service uses kinematics to check for crashes and close calls between the dies, transfer system and press. Your entire die is put into motion, including all pads, lifters, and cams, so full functionality can be verified. Full motion videos are included to clearly communicate any issues found in simulation. Curves can be easily adjusted and re-analyzed in minutes to optimize motions for the highest production rate. Once optimization is complete, upper and lower interference curves are generated for export to your design source. These findings allow you the opportunity to make changes and eliminate issues before the die is built; eliminating expensive and time-consuming fixes later in the build process.
Plastic Injection Molds
Plastic injection mold and molding simulation
Complex and multi-cavity injection molds are designed by our engineers using various modules of plastics flow simulation software to simulate the filling, packing and cooling phases of the injection molding process and to predict the flow behavior of thermoplastic melts so that our customers can ensure parts of acceptable quality are manufactured efficiently.
From simple ‘open-close’ mold to highly complex production molds
From simple open-close single cavity prototype molds to very complex production molds with multiple actions. We are experienced with multiple styles of hot manifolds, 3 plate and conventional runner tools, insert molds and over molds as well as 2 shot and rotational molds.
Design activities are completed by a team of highly skilled professionals dedicated meeting customer standards related to the following markets:
BIW, welding-, checking fixtures
We carry out designing tasks effectively and quickly be developing a new appliance
Body in White (B.I.W.) refers to the welded sheet metal components which form the vehicles structure to which the other components. Complete spectrum of body engineering services offer automotive body solutions that maintain regulatory compliance while utilizing alternative materials. Our capabilities span across BIW engineering, interiors & exteriors system, safety & restraints systems. We help shrink test and release timelines by adopting lab & field testing.
Related Engineering Services
At the design stage of the project we create a prototype model in a virtual CAD/CAM/CAE environment. Concept design means exploring the possible implementation alternatives of the desired vision and the most appropriate selection process between them. The development is tailored to your requirements and will always reflect the state-of-the-art of development expertise and any development will benefit from our many years of experience in this industry.
Parts of the workpiece are constructed using parametric and direct editing using free form surface models, solid state models or hybrid models using the mixture of these two. Therefore you will benefit, perhaps sooner than expected, from opportunities to optimize details regarding issues of strength, weight and manufacturing. We also include in our design an adjustment of constructed space in as well as kinematic examination and models fully controllable by parameters.
With the help of simulation, you can get an idea of the processes that are taking place during the initial phase of the product life cycle. You will have at your disposition valuable possibilities for maximizing improvements thanks to access to the most up-to-date FEA calculations as well as virtual simulations. This will provide you with a decisive edge in expertise which will benefit you during the development process.
With many years of experience and very varied projects, we know exactly which method is best for optimizing production processes. CAM is the acronym for computer aided machining. We use this technology to program tool paths for our CNC machines. This technology allows us to machine all types of complex surfaces that previously would have been machined manually or by hand. If it can be modelled on CAD then we can machine it with CAM.
CAD drawing creation
The closing phase of the design is the production of 2D production drawings before the production process, which require great attention and high precision. Our ready-to-manufacture drawings will provide you with details form shape and position tolerances, as well as surface finishing and information on the selected material. For purchase of commercial items and raw materials, a BOM (bill of materials) list is made of the plug-in components.
0 – series
Our powerful support doesn’t stop here, but we can support you at the post-development phase as well. When developing automotive units, there is a growing need for different pre-sets and prototypes. Based on the results of the simulations, we will choose the ideal manufacturing process for you, be it stereolithography, lasersintering, CNC milling, and many more. We help you shorten your development times, increase product quality and reduce costs.
For more information about our tool design, consultancy and/or contract manufacturing services please contact us | <urn:uuid:08bb739b-2106-47b0-8727-f8fa1b46a776> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://upengineering.hu/mechanical-design-development/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.929375 | 1,754 | 1.515625 | 2 |
There are several misunderstandings, confusions or “fake-news” around, when it is about C/AL programming and how it affects performance on SQL Server. Time to clean this up!
In this session we will explain some “DOs & DONTs” of programming NAV; showing best-practices in using certain methods and how to avoid common mistakes.
Further we will give some guidance about how to identify and troubleshoot query and code bottlenecks. Make your C/AL code rock!
Presented by Jasminka Thunes and Jörg Stryk
Presentation Slides & Scripts: NAV TechDays 2017.zip
Download Session Recording from mibuso.com: https://mibuso.com/downloads/nav-techdays-2017-c-al-coding-for-performance
Watch Session on YouTube: | <urn:uuid:a3c84779-f9a9-425d-8541-1d3306b00297> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://blog.stryk.info/2017/11/16/nav-techdays-2017-cal-coding-for-performance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.801212 | 188 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Try as it will to break through in the mobile space, Microsoft is still struggling to gain any ground with Windows Phone almost a year and a half after its launch.
Things have gotten so bad that that in a recent market share report by research firm Nielsen, Windows Phone market share was so small in the U.S. that Nielsen didn’t even bother to break out its usage. It was relegated to the dreaded “other” category.
Well at least there’s the dominant Windows client OS, right?
As a PC operating system, Windows has been dominant for decades. But there’s a palpable change in the air. The post-PC world is becoming the real world, transforming before our eyes in homes, at airports and in office towers.
Connected mobile devices — basically smartphones and tablets running Apple iOS and Google Android — are quickly encroaching Windows PCs coveted space.
A new report from research firm IDC gives credence to the post-PC worldview.
New smart-connected devices shipped out to consumers and businesses are expected to exceed 1.1 billion units in 2012 and will reach 1.84 billion units by 2016 — which is twice the current ship rate of 2011, according to the research firm.
The report’s conclusion is that Windows on x86-compatible chips — i.e. PCs — will take a big hit between now and 2016, and Android OS will rise in power in the same time period. While the amount of Windows PC shipments will grow slightly between now and 2016, the PC’s share of all devices shipped will decrease by almost 11 percent.
From the IDC press release:
“IDC expects a relatively dramatic shift between 2011 and 2016, with the once-dominant Windows on x86 platform slipping from a leading 35.9 percent share in 2011 down to 25.1 percent in 2016.”
“The number of Android-based devices running on ARM CPUs, on the other hand, will grow modestly from 29.4 percent share in 2011 to a market-leading 31.1 percent share in 2016. Meanwhile, iOS-based devices will grow from 14.6 percent share in 2011 to 17.3 percent in 2016.”
Windows across all devices, at least according to IDC, will get bypassed by Android in four years and will lose ground to Apple iOS. In short, we are not too far from tablet and smartphones being the world’s dominant devices, as Windows-based PCs fall further into the background.
Slideshow: Windows 8 Consumer Preview: A Visual Tour for IT
Slideshow: A Deep Dive into Windows 8 Consumer Preview
What should be most disturbing for Microsoft is that the IDC report assumes Windows 8 tablets (Windows on ARM) and Windows Phone will have little affect over the next four years.
Windows 8, released as a Consumer Preview last month, is designed for touch-enabled devices such as tablets and will also be touch-enabled on desktops and laptops (but do you really want to tap and swipe with your fingers on a PC monitor?).
Windows 8, in fact, was created to keep the Windows brand alive in the mobile arena so IDC’s numbers do not bode well for Microsoft’s mission.
Unlike previous releases of Windows, Windows 8 is not targeting enterprise deployments, as many enterprises have only recently implemented Windows 7 after battling through a recession.
Windows 8 is a consumer play and Microsoft is relying on consumers to embrace Windows 8 use on tablets or smartphones to keep Google and Apple at bay, and then spill over into the enterprise as part of the BYOD (bring your own device) movement, says Aaron Suzuki, CEO of Prowess, an IT consulting and managed services company that provides enterprises with OS deployment and virtualization technologies.
“Microsoft knows that enterprises are not ready for Windows 8,” says Suzuki.
“If a big company does deploy it they will likely tune it back to make it more like Windows 7. Windows 8 is about becoming part of the diverse operating system environment of smartphones, tablets, laptops and virtual desktops. It’s about catching up with Google and Apple, getting consumer share and not losing out on mobile devices.”
If that indeed is the criteria for Windows 8, Microsoft better hope IDC’s got its numbers wrong.
Shane O’Neill covers Microsoft, Windows, Operating Systems, Productivity Apps and Online Services for CIO.com. Follow Shane on Twitter @smoneill. Follow everything from CIO.com on Twitter @CIOonline and on Facebook. Email Shane at firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:86ce3aee-6250-4945-8d49-ca5583951f4a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cio.com/article/284229/operating-systems-will-windows-8-survive-in-the-post-pc-world.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.925302 | 964 | 1.601563 | 2 |
The Payment Systems Act. The Act empowers the CBL to issue regulations and guidelines to achieve its mandate with respect to the efficiency and stability of the financial system. In reliance on the provisions stipulated in the Act, the Central Bank of Liberia (CBL) continues to issue regulations, guidelines and directives to the banks and non-bank financial institutions within its regulatory ambit. With respect to the payments system, the Central Bank of Liberia Act (1999) vests in the Central Bank the power and authority to “play an active role in collaboration with financial institutions in the creation and maintenance of efficient and safe mechanisms for payments, clearing and settlements to meet the needs of the financial markets, commerce, government agencies and the general public.” (Part II, 4-10). Furthermore, the Act stipulates that the Central Bank may “organize a clearinghouse in Monrovia” (Part VII, 38-1). While Article 2 of the Payment System Act (2014) vests in the Central Bank the power and authority to establish and designate systems (Part II, 7-15). The Act appropriately provides for the operational, regulatory and oversight involvement of the CBL in the National Payment System. It recognizes multilateral netting and incorporates explicit provisions on irrevocability and finality. It accords priority to certain funds transfer instructions in the event of a participant’s winding up Liquidation of assets pledged or transferred as collateral.
The CBL continues to develop appropriate rules, regulations and contractual arrangements to complete a sound, safe and standardized legal framework that does not only meet the needs of the Liberian people but is consistent within the regional context.
- The Payment Systems Act (2014)
- The Real Time Gross Settlement Rules (RTGS)
- The Automated Cheque Processing and Automated Clearing House Rules (ACP-ACH) | <urn:uuid:4272789a-c7d7-46cc-805d-5609bd9d0ff7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cbl.org.lr/index.php/general/payment-systems-regulatory-framework | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.913167 | 379 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Good evening gentlemen,
I would like to get a visualisation / segmentation of isolated muscles.
Which method do you recommend?
The purpose is to get the general volume of each of the muscles to create a 2D drawings of the 3D.
The coloured dicom could be used for learning too.
I already watched the tutorials on the bones and the heart segmentation; my question was more specificaly directed on the muscular tissue:
-Are there parameters that could make the difference with the fat?
-Is it recommended to work on an IRM? Is there a faster way to do it? (semi-automatic recognition)
Somebody must have tried…
I watched a tutorial on heart segementation basically saying that with ‘ITK’ he achieved a clean 3D model in 8 hours (instead of 24!?): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQFvfPUD6QA.
-I guess on a dead body’s scan- and I can not afford to spend so much time on each structure…
You need to figure out a segmentation procedure for each project, because even for the same anatomy each study has very different requirements and constraints (how accurate the segmentation it must be, where accuracy is critical and where you can accept inaccuracies, what kind of errors are acceptable, how much time you have for the segmentation, what is the imaging modality and image quality, etc).
For an anatomical model that will be used for teaching hundreds of students for thousands of hours, spending several days with segmenting a single case is completely normal. In contrast, when you segment a tumor from an intraoperative image during a surgical procedure then you may have a time limit of 2 minutes. Slicer has been used successfully in all these scenarios, so it is very likely that you’ll be able to establish a segmentation protocol that fulfills your needs.
When you segment muscles, there is no often no image intensity difference between nearby segments that you would like to separate, so most automatic segmentation methods would fail. However, you may very efficiently segment the volume by segmenting only a couple of slices and interpolate between them using “Fill between slices” effect.
To give more specific advice, we would need to know much more about your requirements and constraints.
Alright, thank you for answering.
I have had the confirmation from my radiologist boss that it was the segmentation was well part of my job.
I had not tried the option fill beween slices, and I am glad to hear about it.
Have a good day. | <urn:uuid:36051967-ffca-4052-8c79-1a4c126feecf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://discourse.slicer.org/t/muscle-segmentation/6197 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.956989 | 555 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Our bones are made of living tissue that is constantly being depleted and regenerated over the course of our lives. We reach peak bone density in our twenties before regeneration slows as we approach middle age, leading to a loss of bone mass as we get older. Osteoporosis (literally, “porous bones”) is a disease that reduces bone mass, resulting in a weakened skeletal system that is unusually vulnerable to fractures and other injuries. Some bone loss is common among older adults, but there are steps that can be taken to help maintain a strong skeleton and prevent osteoporosis from causing pain and serious injuries.
Risk Factors of Osteoporosis
All adults begin to experience some loss of bone density as they get older, and there are some risk factors that are beyond our control, such as gender, family history, and body type. Women tend to begin losing bone density earlier in life than men. While osteoporosis generally doesn’t begin to affect men around the age of 70, women are at a higher risk around the age of 50. This is because menopause, experienced by women around middle age, results in a loss of estrogen, which protects against bone loss.
Body type is also an important risk factor to consider. People with small, thin frames have less bone tissue to begin with. This makes petite and willowy types more susceptible to serious bone loss than people of stouter build. If one of your parents has broken a hip in older age, you may have a higher hereditary risk of serious bone loss yourself. Injury history plays a role too. If you have broken a bone before in a relatively minor accident, it may be a sign that you are vulnerable to osteoporosis.
Screening for Bone Density
Often, osteoporosis displays no visible symptoms before the first broken bone. Medical Offices of Manhattan offers bone-density tests as a service to identify symptoms early on. Using a type of X-ray, we scan the bones to determine your injury risk and prescribe a treatment plan. If any of the primary risk factors apply to you, you should schedule a bone density scan every few years. Bone density testing is highly recommended for women after menopause, particularly those over the age of 65 or those who have suffered a broken bone from a minor accident.
While we cannot control the genetic factors that contribute to osteoporosis, there are lifestyle choices we can make to reduce our risk. Weight-bearing exercises like walking, jogging, and climbing stairs help to strengthen bones and muscles. Exercising at least every other day increases peak bone mass in young people and can slow or even halt bone loss in older adults. Exercises like planks and yoga can also improve stability and balance.
Taking everyday precautions to avoid falls helps prevent bone breaks that result from osteoporosis. These include using handrails, picking up clutter in your living space, and staying away from slipping hazards like ice patches in the wintertime.
Osteoporosis And Your Diet
What you put in your body can also make a major impact on your bone density and the rate of bone loss. A diet high in calcium, found in dairy products like milk, helps strengthen bones. If you are lactose intolerant, calcium can also be found in healthy sources like salmon and leafy greens like spinach and kale. There are also calcium supplements available for those having trouble getting the required amount. Doctors recommend that people over age 50 consume between 1,200 and 1,500 mg of daily calcium.
Vitamin D is important as well, as it helps your body with absorbing the necessary calcium. Sunlight helps the body create vitamin D, so just spending around half an hour in the sun each day is enough for most people. During winter months, when the days are shorter and colder, it may be difficult to get enough vitamin D from sunlight alone. Other good sources of this vitamin include eggs and fatty fish like salmon.
Other Lifestyle Risk Factors of Osteoporosis
Some vices can also increase the rate of bone loss. Among their many negative health effects, smoking cigarettes impedes your body’s production of hormones which help defend against serious bone loss. If you smoke, look for resources to help you quit. Excessive alcohol consumption can weaken the bones and raise your risk of fractures.
Medical Treatments of Osteoporosis
There are a number of medical treatments available for people at the highest risk of serious bone loss that is likely to lead to a serious injury. These can include vitamin D and calcium supplements, as well as a variety of prescription medications that aid in building bone mass.
Sex hormones are thought to help with maintaining bone density over time in both women and men. Women tend to see a major decrease in estrogen at menopause. This type of sudden drop in sex hormone production is much less likely to occur in men, but it can be caused by conditions such as hypogonadism as well as lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol abuse, and side effects from other medications.
Estrogen therapy for women and testosterone replacement therapy for men may both help with stabilizing hormone levels and preventing serious bone loss. Beginning one of these treatments should always be discussed with your doctor to determine your risk of side effects like heart attacks or blood clots. Typically, hormone therapy is only prescribed for patients who are at particularly high risk, such as women who undergo early menopause.
Osteoporosis Treatment at Manhattan Offices of Medicine
If you believe that you may be at risk of osteoporosis due to early menopause, suspicious bone fractures, or any of the other above risk factors, don’t hesitate to schedule an appointment with one of our expert physicians. A bone density test can help determine whether further treatment is necessary. Often we can help patients prevent further symptoms through some straightforward lifestyle changes, but we will help to determine the best option for you as an individual. | <urn:uuid:2bbd1502-0358-40f6-9fea-46289cf3ddb0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.medicalofficesofmanhattan.com/blog/osteoporosis-detecting-and-preventing-the-silent-disease/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.940507 | 1,237 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Budget an allowable expense as long as a payment plan was made or loan applied for by the due date of the original billing. (Refer to example below.) Otherwise, consider the expense past due and do not budget it. A bill is considered past due either as indicated on the bill, or, as a general rule, 30 days after the billing date, or 30 days after the date of TPL reimbursement. (Past due is the date the payment is overdue to the provider.)
EXAMPLE: Ms. Z. incurred an expense of $1000. The original bill is received on 5/1. By 5/30, the EU has arranged with the hospital to pay $100 each month from June through March. The $100 is entered on the Medical Expense screen. FAMIS excludes the first $35 each month as a deduction for the next ten months allowing Ms. Z the $200 medical expense standard. If the EU is certified beyond March, set a reminder to remove the medical expense and run a new eligibility determination for the month of April through the remainder of the certification. | <urn:uuid:68cc6cbd-cbfb-4934-b0ea-15f97da0e00e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dssmanuals.mo.gov/food-stamps/1115-000-00/1115-035-00/1115-035-15/1115-035-15-20/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.964492 | 220 | 1.71875 | 2 |
An effective digital workplace takes advantage of the latest business technologies and services relevant to your organization, the ones that help streamline practices, improve productivity, and provide employees with a competent level of accessibility and integration to your organization from anywhere outside of the physical workplace.
Digital signage gives managers a simple way to recognize their top performers in a format the whole team can see. The first order of business is to identify the key stakeholders and assemble the right team for the initiative. Implemented properly, the business benefits of digital workplaces can be substantial. Productivity tools should anticipate what you need and prioritize what matters most for you, and work in a natural way—touch, voice, gesture— and enable new experiences.
The digital workplace encompasses many technologies that require enterprises to focus on a sound, holistic strategy, which should include synergy between the technologies required to support key business processes. Creating a workplace that fosters collaboration requires effective staffing initiatives, project assignments, and an adaptable work environment.
Agile enterprises are digitizing business processes and operations—and driving digital transformation in the workplace. A successful workplace strategy will have to be critical to unlocking the potential of the workforce to innovate, collaborate and drive business value, and key to attracting and retaining the best talent. The digital workplace is aligning technology (existing and new) and business processes around strategy.
Less digitally mature organizations tend to focus on individual technologies and have strategies that are decidedly operational in focus. The digital workplace is where people, processes, technology, and your organization converge to improve business productivity and employee engagement. Propelled by advances in artificial intelligence (AI), automation, data analytics and high-speed connectivity, the digital workplace continues to evolve, unlocking efficiency and productivity gains for employees.
A create a digital workplace strategy that improves the employee experience and supports overarching business goals. To create a digital workplace strategy that improves the employee experience and supports overarching business goals, the first order of business (and by no means the easiest) is to identify the key stakeholders and assemble the right team for the initiative.
Read how an employee app fits best with your intranet and digital workplace strategy and why the digital workplace is so important to the employee experience. A digital workplace is a combination of technology, employees, and a business plan to create an ideal environment to empower employees.
You assist your organization from strategy consulting and research as well as implementation and measurement. Digital strategies in the most mature organizations are developed with an eye on transforming the business. Strategy build or tactical deployment, if you want to make it, or make it work, you are ready to help. Digital workplace strategies exploit emerging smart technologies and people-centric design, security and compliance to support dynamic, non-routine work.
Want to check how your Digital Workplace Strategy Processes are performing? You don’t know what you don’t know. Find out with our Digital Workplace Strategy Self Assessment Toolkit: | <urn:uuid:0d25fa68-130c-4485-bb07-335fd8ff4763> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://findmyjobnow.com/digital-workplace-strategy-is-it-harder-for-older-workers-to-find-jobs-177/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.921357 | 611 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Friday, November 21, 2014
It strikes me this morning that one of the great lessons to be learned by examining design as analogous to evolutionary biology is that we see ourselves and our designs not as end points but as a platforms that sit somewhere in the middle of a much longer process. As designers we often are focused on that glorious end note of the artifact. We see it as an triumphant ending to our hard work. This is a weakness that we need to leave in our past. If we see our design instead as a mid-point that perhaps will lead later to something else we might design something quite different. We still must try to achieve our objectives but leave the door open for future exploration. Dubberly discussed this somewhat in his article "Design in the Age of Biology..."
I often think of my work, my design and my research in this light. When I write or create some thing, what is in it that I leave behind for others (or perhaps even myself) that might spark new ideas at a later time. I don't worry about what those other new ideas might be but I ask myself — am I leaving the door open for something else later. It requires letting go of my ego a bit. My design will not be the end of something but if it is good enough perhaps it will continue to live through creative work that might happen in the future. I believe this is a powerful notion that can drive me to do interesting things. I stand on the shoulders of past works and if I do it well then perhaps I will create a platform that others can use to do things that I didn't foresee.
Monday, November 3, 2014
Part of my research during the last year and a half has been looking at how new design methods are developed. In addition to reading many academic papers about various methods and observing designers as they have struggled with the use of methods, these efforts have included many interviews with methods developers. It has been extremely surprising to me as I have come to discover that many who are engaged in developing new methods do not use the same process or think the same way when they are creating a method as when they are creating a design for some form of users.
Why would someone who designs artifacts, interactions and experiences not use the wisdom that they have gain from doing that work to create a new method? Why is the development of a design method not recognized as the same exact thing as designing something for someone else? Sure, methods developers use some of those same skills but many of them do not think about developing a method in the same way that they think about developing a new design. Most of these people, in their design work, are huge proponents of "user-centered" or "goal directed design." And yet when they do other types of work they seem to miss the possibility that the same exact processes and ideas can and should be applied to that other work.
I have seen this echoed in other things that designers do. A couple of years ago I attended a symposium in which designers were developing (hello designing!) a system to support graduate and post-graduate designers in sharing ideas and doing work. Many key concepts that they would have insisted upon using and considering in their work for other (i.e. non-designer) users went by the wayside and were completely forgotten. I think this is a universal problem. Human beings (not just designers), when working on things for themselves forget the principles that they hold so highly when working on things for other people.
Erik Stolterman and I are currently working on a short paper that discusses some of this. I'm pretty excited about it but also a bit apprehensive. | <urn:uuid:1289458d-116d-4582-ad9a-cdee967fc90c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iceboxdoor.blogspot.com/2014/11/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.98393 | 743 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Manual Handling is defined as the transporting or supporting of a load (including lifting, putting down, pushing, pulling, carrying or moving) by hand or by bodily force.
Our Manual Handling training provides participants with the knowledge and skills to correctly pre-assess, lift, carry and lower objects. The course identifies best Health and Safety practice. As an employer it is a legal obligation to provide Manual Handling training to your employees.
To provide the knowledge and skills for safe Manual Handling.
On completion of the course the participant will be able to:
- Define Manual Handling
- Be aware of Health and Safety legislation
- Understand the basic anatomy of the musculoskeletal system
- Use the 8 principles of safe lifting correctly
- Manual Handling legislation
- Dangers of using incorrect Manual Handling techniques
- Anatomy of the spine and musculoskeletal system
- Practical Manual Handling training and techniques
- Exercises and stretches to help prevent strains and injuries
Classroom based presentation with a practical demonstration and practice by participants.
Participants are required to complete a short multiple choice assessment and practical lifting demonstration.
To receive certification for Manual Handling participants must successfully complete both the theory and practical components of the course. Certificates are valid for three years from date of issue.
Other Safety Training Courses Available
- Abrasive Wheels
- Covid 19 Training
- Forklift Training
- MEWP Training
- Working At Heights | <urn:uuid:bd4dcf5d-b87e-4d86-b46a-e5b2fc8402fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gibbonsrecruitment.ie/services-1/manual-handling-training | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.851778 | 318 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Following a canada levitra pills mission in Vietnam at the end of last year and a request from the University of Sciences and Technology of Hanoi (USTH) consortium, IAS has been awarded a contract to carry out a feasibility study for the creation of an in-country aeronautic training program.
This study will consist in three steps: a preparation phase in order to define the project environment and partners, a mission in October in order to refine the details on the ground, and the delivery of the project analysis at the end of the year.
The USTH, a Vietnamese university of excellence, was created in 2009 following a how does viagra work France-Vietnam governmental agreement, with the aim of promoting training, research and innovation. Based on the Bachelor-Master-PhD degree structure, the university initially offered six multidisciplinary training and research topics, including aeronautics and space. The latter is only partially covered by the current Space Master. Thus, IAS is helping the USTH to identify the appropriate curriculum to match the needs of the Vietnamese market. | <urn:uuid:4d0c24b6-50a9-45f8-b66b-7123c657d4a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.inst-aero-spatial.org/the-university-of-sciences-and-technology-of-hanoi-is-considering-the-creation-of-an-aeronautic-training-and-commissions-a-feasibility-study-from-ias | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.94154 | 224 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Select ONE of the following scenarios and answer questions as your initial post.
Scenario 1: Mr. Wang is a 75 year old first generation Chinese American and lives with his 70 year old Chinese wife. Mr. Wang, speaks very limited English, while his wife speaks only Chinese. Mr. Wang visited a clinic, where he was told by his physician that he had lung cancer. The physician wanted Mr. Wang to be hospitalized for further treatment and chemotherapy. Mr. Wang gave no response.
1. What barriers might exist for Mr. Wang in deciding to accept hospitalization and seek treatment?
2. What concerns might the nurse have regarding a support system for Mr. Wang if he decides to have his lung cancer treated?
3. With the limited English-lanuguage ability of Mr. Wang and his wife, how can a health care professional ensure effective communication?
4. If Mr. Wang prefers traditional Chinese medical treatment, how high the nurse respond?
Scenario 2: Alberto Gonzaga isa 43 year old Cuban American male. He migrated 18 years ago with his wife and 3 year old son. Before he emigrated to the US, Mr. Gonzaga was imprinted in Cuba for political reasons. He did not complete the 20 year sentence imposed by the Castro regime and was released from jail after 12 years for good behavior. He immediately granted a US visa for himself and his family. Since his arrival, her has been an active member of the Republican Party and has participated in the local Miami area in the anti communist movement. his son is now 21 and he still lives with his parents helping them financially. he works full time and pursues a law degree in a local college. There have been several confrontations between Mr. Gonzaga and his son. the new more liberal open era has brought Cuban musicians from the island to perform in public concerts in Miami. Mr. Gonzaga is totally opposed to this. He claims that thee Communist musicians will take our money and our taxes and give it to Castro and prohibits his son from going to the concerts. Alberto states that the music has nothing to do with politics and that many of these musicians are opposed to the regime but this is a way to travel outside of Cuba and earn some money. He confronts his father, telling him. that he is an adult and he will go to the concerts despite his father’s opposition.
1. How different is the Cuban population that migrated 20 years ago compared with those who arrived 5 or 6 years ago?
2. Are the children of the Cubans who arrived in the 1980’s maintaining their traditions? Is their way of thinking the same as their parents?
3. What could be the consequences of the confrontations between Mr. Gonzaga and his son?
4. Is the Castro gov’t still separating the family even outside of Cuba or is this situation just a matter of character? | <urn:uuid:2156a07f-3e84-4c78-9f23-f3a934cdc6d3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.writinghelp247.com/what-barriers-might-exist-for-mr-wang-in-deciding-to-accept-hospitalization-and-seek-treatment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.987471 | 593 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Oily skin can be frustrating. There's hardly any good makeup product that you can use. Because the second you put on a foundation it makes your skin even more oily. Can't use dry products as they dry out your skin and your body produces even more oil to moisturize your skin. It's annoying!
If this is you, then we hear you. It's quite disheartening at times. But, don't you worry, we've got just the right tools to help you keep your oil glands at bay and give you some rest.
"The oil in our skin is referred to as sebum"
Let us learn about things you can know to take care of your oily skin. But first, let us look at what causes oily skin, why do some people produce more oil in their face than others? Oil in our skin is referred to as sebum. Sebum is made up of a lot of things. It contains fatty acids, squalene, triglycerides, wax esters, and compounds that are the result of the metabolic breakdown of what's happening within your skin.
Now you might have a question as to why oily skin causes acne? But then again not everyone who has oily skin has acne. Well, for those who are prone to breakouts, it's because the bacteria feed off of the oil. So, oily skin doesn't necessarily contribute to acne, rather if you have acne or more skin plus oily skin, you are more likely to have severe breakouts. P acnes and C acnes bacteria live in everyone's skin. And the sebum in our skin is the food for these bacteria. When these bacteria eat the sebum, they break it down, it creates inflammatory particles that sit on the skin. The body's fighting agents, white blood cells, come to work and kill the bacteria. This causes more information and hence results in acne.
So, why do some people have extremely oily skin? And why do some people get more breakout than others?
Well, a lot of things contribute to it.
- Things like the overproduction of bacteria that feed on the sebum cause acne.
- The environment you live in
- If your skin isn't dehydrated enough, it results in more sebum production
- Diet, hormones, and genetics.
So is there a way to keep the oiliness of your skin at bay? Yes, there are ways to keep your skin oil-free.
1. Use a gentle face wash:
If you wash your face and your skin feels extremely dry, you need to change your moisturizer. Using harsh cleansers depletes your skin from any moisture that it has. This sends a signal to your brain, and then it produces more oil to keep your skin lubricated. Using gentle cleansers helps you with cleaning your face as well as keeping it moisturized so that your skin doesn't overproduce sebum.
We recommend the: Botnia Gentle Cleanser.
Formulated for sensitive and reactive skin types, this cleanser lathers instead of foams and is filled with purifying and nourishing botanicals to soothe your skin while also thoroughly cleansing. This cleanser will be great for oily skin as it doesn't generate foam, so it won't make your skin dry and your skin won't produce any extra oil. After all, you deserve some gentle love, and so does your skin!
2. Use a light moisturizer:
Once you are done cleaning your face, your skin will produce some oil regardless, because that it's a job. So, you have to trick your skin by moisturizing it and keeping a layer of hydration on it, so it doesn't produce any oil. A light moisturizer is recommended as heavy moisturizers usually have some kind of oil in them, and we don't want that. Plus a light moisturizer feels like a cloud on your skin. Foe exmaple the Shelbey Naturals Lightweight Face Cream.
3. Vitamin A:
Vitamin A is the key to reducing oil production. Vitamin A targets oil hands directly and slows down sebum production. You can buy over-the-counter retinol like adapalene or tretinoin. And the best part? Vitamin A also helps get rid of acne, texture, post-acne hyperpigmentation, early signs of aging, and much more! Try the Nini Organics Moonlight Nectar Oil.
4. Stop over-exfoliating:
If you think that over-exfoliating your skin is a great way to get rid of the oil on the skin. Then we are sorry to tell you but that is not how it works. In fact, it does the exact opposite. Over-exfoliating the skin leads to more oil production as the skin runs dry from the exfoliation and loses all its moisture. So, the skin cells produce more oil to moisturize the skin.
There have been several studies that have suggested that diet plays an important role in the condition of the skin. Intake of dairy products or intake of food that has high sugar levels increase the acne flare-up on the skin. You need to avoid such products as they lead to more breakouts resulting in more oil production. These are all the tips that you need to know to have oil-free skin so that you can be happier and don't have to worry about rubbing tissue on your face every 30 minutes. | <urn:uuid:07c892fc-48d9-41b6-a71c-7a4c0815e39c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://botanicaffair.com/blogs/botanic-blog/oily-skin-everything-you-need-to-know | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.952381 | 1,125 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Federal, State, and local governments get resources, access to federal funds and programs along with threat intelligence. In contrast, small businesses get left out to dry. There is no FDA equivalent for cybersecurity within the IT industry. As a result, small companies can't reliably choose a web-based product to correctly market and sell their products and/or services and protect information.
Money has ruined the people aspect of IT & cybersecurity; companies don't want to pay people for their experience. Frequently in government contracting you hear about companies flat out reducing everyone's pay to give the CEO and executives more money.
People have been flocking to get cybersecurity-related degrees and certifications because of the current monetary gains. It attracts those without an understanding of the foundations for information technology. In this era of information, it's easy to study and pass tests when the correct answers are readily available online. Recruiting new talent has also been difficult because recruiters usually rely on interviews instead of practical tests or assessments for the hiring process.
Why Protect Small Businesses?
Small businesses are the cornerstone of the American economy. They create two-thirds of new jobs and deliver 43.5 percent of the United States' gross domestic product (GDP). But, unfortunately, a small business can also be a jump point for another more powerful attack.
Our Approach to Cybersecurity
We are focusing on the people aspect of cybersecurity, as well as maintaining a secure hardware & software supply chain. We examine and assess the following; security posture of a company, handling of past and current vulnerabilities, current clients, affiliations, and their ability to handle future threats, all to reduce obvious security risks.
Key to Successful Cybersecurity
We take the human approach to cybersecurity by teaching our employees and interns every aspect and constantly researching policy, technology, and best practices. You can spend millions of dollars on technology, but it's all for nothing if your people aren't trained and educated.
We maintain a dynamic process for security configurations, managing permission & policies, risk mitigation, incident management, and automation. Documentation and standard operating procedures are modular and updated quickly.
More technologies, platforms and devices only increase points of failure. The issue is that the technology isn't properly being utilized and configured; this goes back to experience and education. | <urn:uuid:f31d9c2f-77d0-46e0-8e20-1bdd879fcb2e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.runningname.com/services/cybersecurity | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.947905 | 484 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Named after the geographic location covered at one time by the electoral division. 'Kooyong' is believed to be an Aboriginal word for camp or resting place or possibly derived from the word 'guyun' meaning fighting spear.
55 sq km
The Division of Kooyong consists of:
part of the Boroondara City Council, and
part of the Whitehorse City Council.
Inner Metropolitan – situated in capital cities and consisting of well-established built-up suburbs.
Former members for an electoral division of this name can be found by searching ‘Electoral divisions’ or ‘Members of the House of Representatives since 1901’ in the historical information section of the Parliamentary Handbook
The AEC acknowledges the Traditional Owners of country throughout Australia and recognises their continuing connection to land, waters, culture and community. We pay our respects to Elders past, present and emerging. | <urn:uuid:158c701d-c0da-41f6-adda-f603c6cee4fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aec.gov.au/Elections/federal_elections/2019/profiles/vic/kooyong.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.936582 | 195 | 1.960938 | 2 |
School: Cook-Wissahickon, Philadelphia, PA
Teacher: Mrs. Maguire,
Project: Supply students with school essentials that they have already run out of
The Students Mrs. Maguire works in a public school in the Philadelphia School District with a very diverse population. Her students come from many different home situations with a vast variety of backgrounds. Regardless of their home lives, the students come to school every day, eager to learn something new. Mrs. Maguire teaches math and science to exceptional fifth-grade students. They push her out of her comfort zone and make her want to be a better teacher. They had a lot of exciting activities and projects planned for the year, but needed help acquiring supplies.
The Project This project will provide students with all of the everyday supplies they need. They were already running out of their supplies at the half way point of the year. When the students receive new supplies they get excited and interested in learning again. This is an amazing opportunity to reward the students for their hard work and show them how much we support their education and future. Through this project students will receive pencils, paper, classroom supplies and other resources that are used every day to create a successful and fun learning environment for each and every student. The students truly deserve and need these resources.
After fully funding the project, Mrs. Maguire and her students sent us handmade thank you notes which we all enjoyed reading. You can read Mrs. Maguire's letter below and the students' notes in the images above.
Dear Donor,Thank you so very much for your generous donation to our classroom. Through this project we were given many basic supplies that we take for granted in our lives but could be the one item that makes learning possible for a student. We have students that go without at home or even in classrooms in the past. I try to provide my students with all the basic supplies they need in order to create a classroom they enjoy being in. Through this project students were provided tissues, paper towels, sanitizing wipes, printer paper, colored paper, and sharpened pencils. These items can often seem unimportant but they are extremely essential in a classroom and provide students with an excuse free classroom to do their work. For many students school was not a place they wanted to be in the past. Through the projects I have gotten funded this year, my students now look forward to coming to school everyday and have everything they need to be successful when they arrive. My students are showing amazing progress this year. They are all very grateful for the support that has been shown to them through donors choose projects. Thank you very much. | <urn:uuid:6e2a835a-d180-420d-9fb8-b4f19062d290> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://direct.empirecovers.com/blog/month/2020-5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.977977 | 543 | 2.15625 | 2 |
« ΠροηγούμενηΣυνέχεια »
formation received from defendant and oth- the reporter or to the court, to be furnished ers. Upon cross-examination a witness may with a copy of the testimony taken by the be asked any question which tends to test reporter. The record seems to indicate that his accuracy or credibility or to impair his defendant's position was that he could not credit by compromising his character; but be put on trial at all, because the time had the extent to which examination shall be expired within which, under the statute, the allowed is in the discretion of the court, and reporter was to file a certified transcription that discretion should be exercised in view of his notes with the clerk. It is now conof the circumstances attending the trial, and tended by the appellant that he was tried the good or bad faith manifested by the without "due process of law." We think parties. 1 Thomp. Trials, $8 458, 461, 464; defendant's position unsound. He was dePeople v. Larsen (Utah) 37 Pac. 258. We prived of no right. The preliminary hearcannot say this discretionary power was ing is not connected with the trial; it is abused by the court in passing upon the unknown to the constitution; it is no part questions above referred to.
of the grand jury system, and has no re3. Defendant contends that the court err
lation to the indictment. No matter what ed in overruling his objection to going to irregularities may have existed at the extrial on the 10th of October, 1894, for the amination, even if def ant was there dereason that the evidence taken at the pre- nied an impartial hearing, it would in no liminary hearing had not been transcribed, manner affect this case, or determine the certified, and filed with the clerk of the trial upon indictment. Under our practice, district court, as provided by law. Section an examination prior to indictment is not 4883 of the Compiled Laws of Utah of 1888 indispensable. Indeed, many cases provides, in substance, that in cases of hom
taken directly before the grand jury. If icide the testimony of each witness must be appellant's position is correct, the trial of a reduced to writing, or the magistrate before person charged with homicide, where an whom the hearing is had may, in his discre-examination has been held before a magistion, order the testimony and proceedings trate, depends upon the reporter. If his to be taken down in shorthand, and for that notes are lost, stolen, or destroyed, or if purpose may appoint a reporter. “The through sickness, or for any other reason, transcript of the reporter, when written out
he is unable to transcribe and certify to in longhand writing and certified as being them within 10 days after the hearing, the the correct statement of the testimony and
defendant cannot be legally tried, as it proceedings in the case, shall be prima facie
would not be with “due process of law." a correct statement of such testimony and It was not the intention of the legislature proceedings. The reporter shall within ten
to postpone the trial of a person charged days after the close of such examination, if with homicide until he knew the testimony the defendant be held to answer the charge, against him. If so, the grand jury would transcribe in longhand writing his said short- have been required to divulge the evidence hand notes, and certify and file the same before them, or that body would have been with the clerk of the district court embra
forbidden to examine any case until a precing the county in which defendant was ex- liminary hearing had taken place, and the amined, and shall in all cases file his orig- evidence there produced furnished the acinal notes with said clerk. The reporter's
cused. It is not necessary to decide whethfees shall be paid out of the treasury of the
er the statute is directory merely, or mancounty." When the case was called for datory. If defendant had asked for a contrial, defendant's counsel "objected to going
tinuance in order to procure a copy of the to trial,” because the notes of the stenogra- testimony, or made any showing that he pher, taken at the preliminary examination was being deprived of any right or advanof the defendant, had not been transcribed, tage, or would in any manner be prejudiced certified, and filed with the clerk within in proceeding to trial, perhaps a different 10 days, or at all. The record shows that question might be presented than than here the stenographer who had reported the hear. raised by the defendant. ing had declined to transcribe his notes, be- 5. Appellant assigns as error the overrulcause in similar cases both the county and ing of his challenges for cause directed territory had refused to pay him, and upon against the jurors Harris, Faver, Burton, and suit against the former it had been held Smith. The juror Harris, being examined on that the county was not liable. It appears his voir dire, stated in substance that he had also that the attorney for the people had read an account of the homicide, at the time requested a transcript, but the reporter had it occurred, in one newspaper, but had never peremptorily declined to furnish it, and had heard or read anything concerning the case come into open court, and given his reasons since. He had forgotten what was written, for so doing. The defendant did not claim and the manner in which the deceased had that he was prejudiced in not having a come to her death. He had never talked transcript of the reporter's notes, nor did with any person concerning the case, nor did he ask for a continuance in order to secure he form or express an opinion. He had, a transcript of them; and the record shows however, heard persons, whose names he that he never made any request, either to had forgotten, express an opinion as to the guilt or innocence of the defendant. He had oral, but must be entered in the minutes of an impression as to defendant's guilt or in- the court or of the phonographic reporter." nocence from the account read. It was, how- The challenges interposed by defendant were ever, only a newspaper impression, although too general, and did not raise any question it would take evidence to remove it. The for review by this court. Defendant's mode Juror stated, however, that he could try the of challenge was, “Defendant challenges for case fairly and impartially, and give the de- cause.” This is insufficient. People v. Hopt, fendant the presumption of innocence. The 4 Utah, 249, 9 Pac. 407. If the jurors were juror Burton had read, in one newspaper challenged for implied bias, the grounds upon only, a partial account of the homicide, and which the challenge is placed must be stated. knew nothing except what he had read in Hopt v. Utah, 120 U. S. 430, 7 Sup. Ct. 614; the incomplete statement. He had no opin- People v. Hopt, 4 Utah, 250, 9 Pac. 407; Peolon concerning the guilt or innocence of the ple v. Cotta, 49 Cal. 166. If the challenge is defendant,-"just an opinion as to the oc- for actual bias, the cause stated in the statcurrence.” In answer to the court, Mr. Bur- ute must be alleged. Hopt v. Utah, and Peoton stated that he could entirely disregard ple v. Hopt, supra. Moreover, defendant perwhat he had read, and any impression or opin- emptorily challenged the jurors Harris and ion that he had formed from it, and try the Burton, and, under all authorities, if there defendant on the evidence produced. C. S. had been error in overruling his challenges Faver; upon his examination, stated that he for cause, he could not now complain. But, had read newspaper accounts of the homi- waiving the question as to the form of chal cide, and that he had a strong impression lenges and the last point suggested, and conarising therefrom as to the guilt or innocence sidering the matter upon its merits, we are of the defendant, and the fact that the homi- of the opinion that the court properly overcide had been committed, but that his mind ruled defendant's challenges. It is clear the was entirely free from such an opinion or jurors were not disqualified for implied bias, conclusion; "that he could accord to the as they had neither formed nor expressed defendant the full presumption of innocence an unqualified opinion or belief as to the in entering upon the trial. He had, how- guilt or innocence of the defendant, so that, ever, an impression which would take some if they were disqualified, it was because of evidence to remove, but would enter the actual bias. Counsel insists that these jurors jury box (he hoped) unbiased." The statute were not impartial, and therefore incomof the territory allows challenges to jurors petent, and that the sixth amendment to the for implied and actual bias. The provisions federal constitution, which provides for “a relating to this subject are found in 2 Comp. speedy and public trial before an impartial Laws Utah 1888, pp. 704, 706, and are as jury," was violated. If the jurors were infollows: Section 241: "A particular cause of competent, it was because of having read in challenge is: (1) For such a bias as when the "public journals” an account of the homicide. existence of the facts is ascertained in the They had not gone to the extent of "forming judgment of law, disqualifies the juror, and and expressing an opinion apon the cause." which is known in this act as implied bias. Illinois has a statute substantially the same (2) For the existence of a state of mind on as section 244, supra. It was contended in the part of the juror which leads to a just the case of Spies v. People, 122 III. 261, 12 inference, in reference to the case that he N. E. 865, and 17 N. E. 898, that it was unwill not act with entire impartiality, which constitutional as being in contravention of is known in law as actual bias." For im- a provision of the state constitution providplied bias there are eight grounds of chal- ing for a speedy and impartial trial in crim. lenge. The only one necessary to be referred inal cases. The defendants claimed that a to in this case is that which provides for federal question was involved, and carried challenging the juror when he has formed the case to the supreme court of the United and expressed an unqualified opinion or be- States. Speaking of the constitutionality of liet t) at the prisoner is guilty or not guilty the act, that court say: "Without pursuing of the offense charged. Section 244 provides: this subject further, it is sufficient to say that “That in a challenge for implied bias, one or we entirely agree with the supreme court more of the causes stated in section 242 must of Illinois in its opinion in this case, that be alleged. In a challenge for actual bias, the statute on its face, as construed by the the cause stated in the second subdivision of trial court, is not repugnant to section 9 of section 241 must be alleged; but no person article 2 of the constitution of that state, shall be disqualified as a juror by reason of which guaranties to the accused party in ep. having formed or expressed an opinion upon ery criminal prosecution a speedy trial by the matter or cause to be submitted to such an impartial jury of the county or district in jury, founded upon public rumor, statement which the offense is alleged to have been in public journals, or common notoriety; pro- committed. As this is substantially the pro vided, it appear to the court, upon his decla- vision of the constitution of the United ration, under oath or otherwise, that he can States upon which the petitioners now rely, and will, notwithstanding such an opinion, it follows that, even if their position as to act impartially and fairly upon the matters the operation and effect of that constitution submitted to him. The challenge may be is correct, the statute is not open to the ob jection which is made against it.” Spies v. asked by defendant's counsel whether, if it Illinois, 123 U. S. 170, 8 Sup. Ct. 21. This would appear that defendant was engaged iv section of our statute (244) has been passed the saloon business, at the time and prior to upon by the supreme court of the United the homicide, it would have a tendency to States in the case of Hopt v. Utah, 120 U. S. prejudice or bias his mind against him, and 430, 7 Sup. Ct. 614. One of the jurors in that the reply was that he did not have "that recase was challenged for actual and implied spect for or regard for that class of men that bias. He testified on his voir dire that he I would have for men of other occupations, had heard of the case through the newspa- generally, as men of a class." He further pers, and read what was represented to be stated that, if the defendant went on the the evidence, and also had talked about it, stand as a witness, the fact might have some so that he had formed a qualified opinion; weight in his mind as to his credibility as a but he "could sit upon the jury, and deter- witness; that he knew nothing of the case or mine the case, without reference to anything about the defendant, and had no bias or prejthat he heard." The trial court held that he udice against him, and no opinion of his guilt was competent. The court say:
“By the or innocence, and would not allow the fact express terms of the statute (section 244) he that he thought less of a saloon keeper than could not be disqualified as a juror for an men of other occupations generally, to influopinion formed or expressed upon statements ence him in any way in passing upon his inin public journals, if it appear to the court, nocence or guilt, and that he could pass upon upon a declaration under oath or otherwise, that the same as he would upon any other perthat he could or would, notwithstanding such son. Under the statute, there can be no an opinion, act impartially and fairly upon question about the competency of the juror. the matters submitted to him. We think
It is not required that jurors close their eyes that the evidence, or what purports to be the to just observations and experiences in life. evidence, printed in a newspaper, is a state- It is their exclusive province to weigh the evment in a 'public journal,' within the mean- idence, and determine the credibility of the ing of the statute, and that the judgment of witnesses; and they cannot be required to the court, upon the competency of a juror in state in advance--as a prerequisite to compesuch cases is conclusive." Reynolds v. U. tency—that they will give the same credit to S., 98 U. S. 145; People v. Hopt, 4 Utah, one witness that they will give to another, or 250, 9 Pac. 407; Spies v. Illinois, 123 U. S. to one class of witnesses that they would to 131, 8 Sup. Ct. 21; People v. McGonegal (N. other classes. It has been intimated by the Y. App.) 32 N. E. 616; People v. Wah Lee supreme court of Indiana that in the trial of a Mon (Sup.) 13 N. Y. Supp. 767. But, conced- cause involving the business of the defendant, ing that the jurors mentioned possessed ac- who was a saloon keeper, a juror who stated tual bias, there is no question presented for that he was prejudiced against saloon keepreview in this court. An issue of fact was ers, and would not believe defendant as he raised, and the action of the trial court, no would persons of other occupations, was not exception having been taken to any ruling qualified; but the court limits the rule to admitting or rejecting evidence upon the voir cases concerning the occupation or business dire examination, is final and conclusive. 2
against which the juror is prejudiced. State Comp. Laws Utah 1888, § 5085; People v. v. Dolan, 23 N. E. 761. But in the case at Hopt, 4 Utah, 250, 9 Pac. 407; People v. Cot- bar defendant's business was not upon trial, ta, 49 Cal. 168; People v. Fong Ah Sing, 70 and was not involved in the case. One of the Cal. 8, 11 Pac. 323; People v. McGonegal, jurors in the case of Spies v. Illinois, supra, supra; Spies v. Illinois, 123 U. S. 131, 8 Sup. in his voir dire, answered that he had a deCt. 21; State v. Pike, 49 N. H. 399. The cided prejudice against Communists and Socases upon which counsel rely are not op- cialists. Defendants were not only Commuposed to the views herein expressed. They nists and Socialists, but Anarchists. It was present different questions, and most of them held that the court rightly overruled defendare decided upon statutes different from ours. ant's challenge to the competency of the juror, Perhaps, a few years ago, before newspapers and that its finding was conclusive. See were so numerous, impressions and opinions Spies v. Illinois, 123 U. S. 131, 8 Sup. Ct. 21; founded upon reports contained in public De Puy v. Quinn (Sup.) 16 N. Y. Supp. 710; journals would, in some jurisdictions, be Fortune v. Trainor (Sup.) 19 N. Y. Supp. 598; deemed sufficient to disqualify a person for People v. Carpenter, 102 N. Y. 238, 6 N. E. jury service.
584; Com. v. Poisson (Mass.) 32 N. E. 906; 6. It is further insisted that the court erred Stoots v. State (Ind. Sup.) 9 N. E. 380. in overruling defendant's challenge of Juror 7. Appellantassigns as errorthe action of the Smith. Counsel's challenge was for "bias and court in permitting witnesses to testify whose prejudice.” Were it not for the importance names were not indorsed upon the indictment, of the case, we would not notice a challenge and were not given in the list furnished by based upon a ground so general, and wholly " the district attorney prior to the commenceunknown to the statute. Moreover, after this ment of the trial. On the day the case was challenge was overruled, the juror was per- set for trial, defendant's counsel, in open emptorily challenged by the defendant. Dur- court, requested “as a favor, and not as a mating the examination of this juror he was ter of right,” that the people's attorney fur
nish him the names of all the witnesses to be spoke a peculiar and unusual dialect of the called during the trial, before its commence- German language, and it was difficult to ment. The district attorney replied that he procure a competent interpreter. One Fritz had no acquaintance with the case, but, as Lomax was, with the consent of the defendsoon as he was advised that other witnesses ant, sworn as interpreter. After some little than those whose names were indorsed upon testimony had been given through the interthe indictment would be called, he would in- preter, defendant's counsel stated that he form defendant's counsel. So far as the rec- was informed by the defendant and a memord speaks upon this matter, this promise was ber of the bar that the interpreter was not fulfilled. Witness McQueen's name appears translating correctly the answers of the witupon the indictment, and no objection wbat- ness. The juror Gronosky spoke up, and ever was made by defendant to the calling as said that several statements were not rightwitnesses of Carl Soderholm, Eva Berg, and ly interpreted. Thereupon he was asked by Lillie Birch. The witness Striker was called the district attorney if he understood fully on the 15th of October. Defendant was noti- the witness, and the juror answered affirmafied on the 11th preceding that the prosecu- tively, and stated that he was willing to act tion would call him as a witness, which was as interpreter. The district attorney then eight days before the defense rested. We are asked the defendant's counsel privately, so not directed to any statute requiring that de- as not to be heard by the court or jury, if fendant shall be furnished with the names of the defendant would consent to the juror's the witnesses called by the prosecution, and acting as interpreter for the witness, to there is no authority, so far as we are ad
which counsel replied, "Make your statement vised, for holding that no person can be called openly to the court." The district attorney as a witness for the people unless his name is then stated that he had endeavored to find indorsed upon the indictment. Section 4925, some person to interpret the witness, but p. 686, 2 Comp. Laws Utah, requires the
had been unable to find one who could fully names of the witnesses examined before the understand witness. Request was then made grand jury to be indorsed upon the indict
of the court that the juror might be permitment before it is presented in court. If this ted to act as interpreter. The defendant and is not done, the defendant may take advan.
his counsel, in open court, consented that tage of it before entering his plea, by submit. the juror Gronosky might act as interpreter ting a motion to set aside the indictment. for the witness. Thereupon the court conThe failure to indorse the names of the wit- sented, and Mr. Gronosky was sworn to act nesses examined by the grand jury upon the as interpreter for the witness. Later the indictment is waived by the defendant by wife of Jacob Lauenberger was called to tespleading to the indictment. People v. Sy- tify by the prosecution, and defendant and monds, 22 Cal. 349; People v. Lopez, 26 Cal. his counsel again consented in open court 113; People v. Jocelyn, 29 Cal. 562. No ob- that the juror should act as interpreter for jection was made to these witnesses testify- her. Without leaving his place in the jury ing for the reason that their testimony op- box, the juror acted as interpreter for these erated as a surprise to defendant. In fact, in two witnesses. This was done with the conmost, if not all, points upon which they testi- sent of the defendant and his counsel, and fied, defendant introduced rebuttal testimony; no objection was made until after the case and impeaching testimony was produced, with had closed, and the jury retired. Then dea view to destroy the weight of the testimony fendant's counsel stated that he desired “to given by the witnesses whose evidence seemed enter an objection and exception to the acto be of great importance. There is nothing tion of the court in permitting the juror in the record to indicate that their testimony Gronosky to act and serve as interpreter." was unexpected by the defense; no applica- Counsel now contends that he was deprived tion for postponement was made in order to of a trial by a constitutional jury of 12 men; meet their statements; and upon motion for that Gronosky, while acting as interpreter, new trial no showing was made by affida vit ceased to be a juror. It is also claimed that or otherwise that defendant was prejudiced the consent given was of no avail, as it was by the failure to have their names indorsed concerning a matter so vital that defendant upon the indictment, or that their evidence could not waive it. Section 3879 of the Comwas false. But, aside from all this, there is piled Laws of Utah of 1888 provides that nothing in our statute requiring the submis- “the judge or any juror may be called as a sion of the names of the people's witnesses to witness by either party, but when this is the defendant, or permitting only those wit- done, it is in the discretion of the court to nesses, to testify for the people whose names order a postponement of the trial, and that it appear upon the indictment.
be taken before another judge or jury." 8. Appellant claims that the court erred in While this section is found in the civil pracpermitting Louis Gronosky, one of the jurors, tice act, section 5386 provides that the rules to be sworn and act as interpreter during the determining the competency of witnesses in trial for two of the 'witnesses. After the civil cases are applicable also to criminal actrial had been in progress several days, the tions and proceedings. And it appears to prosecution called Jacob Lauenberger to tes- have been the rule at common law that a tify as a witness in the cause. The witness juror could be called as a witness. Archb. Cr. Prac. & Pl. p. 150; Rex v. Rosser, 1 Car. & P. tions of the charge of the court, and also the 648; McKain v. Love, 2 Hill, Lib. & Law, refusal of the court to give certain numbered 506. In Mr. Pomeroy's edition of Archb. instructions asked by the defendant. DeCr. Prac. & Pl. is found a marginal note on fendant's counsel presented to the trial court page 150, which reads: "A juror may give nine pages of typewritten matter, paraevidence of any fact material to be com- graphed and numbered from 1 to 22, inclumunicated in the cause of a trial in a crimi- | sive, upon which was indorsed the follownal prosecution. The jury may use that gen- ing: "Comes now the defendant, and reeral knowledge which any man may bring quests the court to instruct the jury as folto be subject matter of the indictment, with lows." Then followed the signature of coun. out being sworn. But if any one of the ju- sel, and the requests. When the judge had rors has a particular knowledge of the sub- concluded his charge, defendant's counsel ject, as, for instance, as to the value of a excepted to "the refusal of the court to give watch in a case where it is essential to prove the instructions requested by defendant, bewhat it is worth,-he ought to be sworn, and ing numbered 1, 2, etc.” Then follow the examined as a witness.” We think, under numbers of all the paragraphs'except three, the statute as well as authority, a juror may the court having adopted them verbatim. be called as a witness in a criminal cause. Also to the instruction of the court defining The question, then, arises, is an interpreter “malice," "deliberation," and "premeditaa witness? Upon this point there seems to tion”; and also to the "charge of the court be no controversy, the opinion being that he in submitting the question of murder in the is. People v. Lee Fat, 54 Cal. 527; 1 Greenl. second degree to the jury, as not being jusEv. § 183; Schearer v. Harber, 36 Ind. 541. tified by the evidence, and tending to misIt is argued that the juror, while acting as lead and confuse the jury.” Thirteen days interpreter, would be so engrossed that he later, and 12 days after the jury had recould not fairly hear, weigh, and determine turned a verdict, and been discharged, withthe evidence; that he might easily give evi- out consent of the attorney for the people dence undue weight and credit by being the or permission of court, appellant's counsel medium of transmission; and that he might took several general exc ptions to the (and did in the case at bar) hear incompe- charge. They were, however, so indefinite, tent testimony. These and other objections and so general, that, even if taken in time, of a like character are urged. We think they would prove unavailing, and would not there is no merit in them. The defendant be considered by an appellate court. It is could not have been prejudiced by permit- the duty of counsel to seasonably call the ting the juror to be the channel conveying court's attention to proceedings in the trial the words to the court and jury. If he were thought to be error and prejudicial, so that not acting as interpreter, he could hear the the trial court can correct the error if made; words of the witness; if incompetent evi- and a failure to do so is such a waiver that dence was given, he would hear it. Instead the party will not be heard to complain of his forgetting the evidence, there would thereafter. Lewis v. U. S., 146 U. S. 379, 13 be more likelihood of his remembering it, Sup. Ct. 136; Alexander v. U. S., 138 U. S. when he had restated it as interpreter. He 355, 11 Sup. Ct. 350; Marks v. Tompkins, did not lose his identity as a juror. We can 7 Utah, 435, 27 Pac. 6; U. S. v. Carey, 110 see no difference between this case and one U. S. 52, 3 Sup. Ct. 424; Railway Co. v. where the juror might have read for the Jurey, 111 U. S. 596, 4 Sup. Ct. 566. "The other jurors some writing offered in evi- rule in relation to exceptions to instructions dence. Suppose a paper had been received is that the matter excepted to shall be so -in evidence, and a witness on the stand asked brought to the attention of the court be
fore the was unable to do so, and a juror sitting near should volunteer or be asked to read it to the any, in his instructions to them, and this court and jury. He might give undue em- is also requisite in order that the appellate phasis to some words; he might be so “en- tribunal may pass upon the precise quesgrossed" in reading as to “not remember" its tion raised without being compelled to contents. To hold that this would remove search the record to ascertain it.” Hickory him from the position of juror, that it would v. U. S., 151 U. S. 316, 14 Sup. Ct. 334; leave a jury of but 11, and would be grounds Jacobson V. State, 55 Ala. 151; Thomp. for a new trial, and especially when it was Trials, $ 2394. The exceptions to the court's consented to, would be sacrificing common definitions of the words “malice," "premedisense to sophistry and absurdity. There is tation," and "deliberation" are also too genno pretense that the juror acted other than eral to raise any question for the considerahonestly and fairly. It is not even hinted tion of the court. There was no attempt to that his interpretation was faulty or biased. indicate wherein there was error in the lanWith this record upon this question, it would guage of the charge. A bare statement that be a monstrous perversion of justice to hold the court erred in defining “malice,” without that this action of the court was reversible pointing out wherein the error lies, is too error.
general. People v. Hart (Utah) 37 Pac. 331; 9. Appellant assigns as error certain por- Holder v. U. S., 150.U. S. 92, 14 Sup. Ct. 10;
to read it, and, owing to some infirmity, he the judge to correct the error, if there be | <urn:uuid:cb3bad17-ccc7-4d68-9b62-b4ae352bec7a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://books.google.gr/books?id=UfsKAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA846&focus=viewport&vq=%22back,+in+an+action+in+the+nature+of+an+action+of+debt,+twice+the+amount+of+the+interest+thus+paid%22&dq=editions:LCCN19018339&lr=&hl=el&output=html_text | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.977173 | 6,856 | 1.632813 | 2 |
In common with the rest of South East Asia the Vietnamese appear to have a permanent smile on their faces. It is a remarkable trait given the hardships they have faced over the years. The Vietnam War saw large areas subjected to constant bombing from the Americans who finally decided they were making little progress. The result 40 years ago was a unified country which has seen an increasing number of tourists travelling to meet its people and the wealth of religious, cultural and historical attractions, not to mention the great cuisine. Vietnam tour packages ensure that everyone that opts for Vietnam custom travel will have a good chance to meet the ordinary people, hill tribes, fishermen and their families and rural farmers. City dwellers vary from street food vendors to workers in the industries and services that help towns and cities function.
Vietnam travel packages generally begin in the cities of either Hanoi or Ho Chi Minh, formerly Saigon. Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam and a local Vietnam tour operator is certain to include a visit to the hill tribes further north in their Vietnam holidays.
Overall the Vietnamese are a mixture of origins, both culturally and linguistically. The majority are descendants of the Mongols from further north in Asia while the proximity of India and China has also made an impact. Almost 90% of the people are from a single strand, the Viet though there is a minority that belong to a variety of different groups, often based in the mountainous regions of Vietnam. These are primarily Thai or Hmong while a very small percentage are Chinese.
Vietnam is a densely populated with the minority tribes total in excess of 12 million people in more than 50 ethnic groups. Living mostly in the Northern or Central Highlands these groups are amongst the poorest in the country. The national poverty rate has fallen below 10% across the country yet the average approaches 30% amongst the hill tribes of the north-west. Indeed the figure across all the ethnic minorities is far higher.
• Vietnam private tours are likely to include more than one place where tourists can observe people whose lives depend upon fishing. In the UNESCO World Heritage site of Halong Bay for example fishing villages are dotted throughout the Bay. Similarly the houses on stilts on Ba, Vietnam’s largest natural lake have changed little over generations.
• There are some notable farming areas that will be included in Vietnam holiday packages with the Sa Pa Terraces in the Northern Highlands the most popular attraction in that part of the Country. The farmers grow rice and vegetables on narrow hillside terraces.
• The Mekong Delta is the most fertile region of Vietnam yet it is also a region where fishing is a major activity. Vietnam holidays would certainly be lacking without at least a few hours cruising on this iconic river.
The people of Vietnam welcome tourists and certainly hold no grudges against anyone that has caused them hardship in the past. You will find out for yourself if you book with a Vietnam travel agency. | <urn:uuid:1b962c98-63d7-4fbd-873e-062f8115972f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vivutravel.com/vietnam-travel-guide/vietnamese-people/the-hmong-ethnic-group | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.960728 | 590 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Is Beneficent Giving Turning out to be Important for the Corporate Culture?
Altruistic giving has been essential for the business culture since organizations have started bringing in tremendous measures of cash. However, nowadays all organizations are integrating components of social obligation into their corporate culture. As a matter of fact, as of late Google reported that the worker reward program at their organization will tie 25% of representative rewards to social action. Yet, they are not by any means the only one giving. A ladies from Shelbyville, TN has been sorting out a drive to get wool blankets to the survivors of Japan’s new tremor. In a new meeting she said, it is simply something insignificant we can do. We get great many letters and cards to say thanks consistently from youngsters. Again and again they express the way in which contacted they are that an outsider would require some investment to make something for them. They truly know the distinction. Bought blankets are great; however handcrafted blankets are from the heart.
Also, many organizations are joining this thought as they send wool blankets and sheet sets to catastrophe stricken regions. A few organizations have even taken the thought further and are turning into a Purchase 1 Give 1 business. This intends that for each downy blanket that a client purchases for themselves, the organization gives precisely the same blanket to an individual out of luck. However most beneficiaries are kids, they are certainly not by any means the only ones that are profiting from the new type of corporate giving. Many individuals of any age and from one side of the planet to the other are turning out to be increasingly more associated with these drives. However some might have glaring doubts of this recently discovered interest of giving by corporate interests, current realities on the ground at present propose that this is a pattern that merits creating. However long organizations are being considered responsible for how much gifts they should give, then this new type of corporate supported foundation ought to help everybody.
With the progress of corporate giving tests like the PC purchase 1 give 1 thought from 2008, many organizations are currently offering numerous items that could help those out of luck – from shoes to wool blankets and sheet sets. Every one of the essential necessities is presently being consumed by the giving binge. Furthermore, regardless of the preventative standpoint that numerous clients feel, it is by all accounts having a major effect, discover here a lot greater than anybody might have envisioned. It will be extremely intriguing to see where companies and more modest organizations will take this thought. What might the following stage of magnanimous giving at any point be? We should sit back and watch. In any case, for the interim, it is an honored change from the corporate conduct we were accustomed to finding in the previous many years. | <urn:uuid:63de1a9c-7d1f-4e8b-9e6f-5d1eb7ca9052> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://sarasotaseasonofsculpture.org/2022/is-beneficent-giving-turning-out-to-be-important-for-the-corporate-culture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.974101 | 547 | 1.898438 | 2 |
The spiritual and moral state of the believer constantly needs to be refined and re-evaluated by every believer. The Prophetic model for self-reform and rectification is the only way to achieve such positive change and development. His statements and actions serve as a role model for humanity to achieve such spiritual & moral bliss.
This course will be based upon the classical work, Bulugh al Maram by Ibn Hajar al ‘Asqalani (a collection of prophetic statements) from the section: Kitaab al Jaami’ (The Comprehensive Book) and will deal with the following topics: Good Character, Joining the Ties of Kinship, Asceticism & Piety, Good Manners, Bad Manners, Remembrance of Allah and Supplications.
In this course you will learn the following:
- What did the Messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم mean when he said he was given 'comprehensive speech'?
- Why are good manners essential to being a believer?
- What are the dimensions of good manners in one's life?
- Is it permissable to greet a non-Muslim with Salam?
- Why is dragging one's clothes considered a sign of arrogance?
- How can giving charity increase one's life span?
- Why is mainting the ties of kinship so stressed by the Shariah?
- How can a smile be considered an act of charity?
Biography of the Author:
Imam Al Hafiz Abul Fadl Shihabuddin Ahmad Ibn Ali Ibn Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Ahmad Al Kinani Al Asqalani Ash Shafi'ee, best known as Al Hafiz Ibn Hajar Al Asqalani. He was born on the 10th of Sha'baan in the year 773 A.H. in Egypt.
As was the custom of the scholars, he memorised the Qur'an at a very young age before going on to studying other subjects in the Islamic sciences and memorising key texts. He was most interested in the science of Hadith and so occupied himself with this by studying with the greatest scholars of his era, until he became a Hafiz of Hadith and Muhaddith in his own right.
He authored many books in various fields, most notably his compendious explanation of Sahih Al Bukhari, 'Fat-hul Bari', a work unsurpassed and utilised by every scholar of note to this day.
He died in the year 852 A.H. All who knew him, were well versed with his piety, good manners, vast knowledge and humility. May Allah shower him with his blessings.
Additional Reading Material:
- Tahdhib Al-Akhlaq, by Sayyed ‘Abdu'l-Hayy al-Hasani
- Al Mujadalah: The Struggle Against the Soul, explained by Shaiekh Muhammad Ibn Salih Al Uthaymeen
- 100 Ahadith about Islamic Manners, published by Darussalam
- Riyadus Saliheen, by Imam An Nawawi
- The Obligation of Commanding ther Good and Forbidding the Evil, by Sheikh Bin Baaz
- He Came To Perfect Moral Character, by Rhajan Malik Couram and Abu Azzubair Shadeed Muhammad
- Imam An Nawawis 40 Hadith
- 40 Hadith Pertaining to Children
- Al Bayquniyyah
- Kitaab Al Jaami'
"I have been studying at Tayyibun Institute since 2008 and last year I moved to Saudi Arabia. Although I was very happy, I soon realized that I could not seek knowledge without first learning the Arabic Language. Whilst learning Arabic I also wanted to seek Islamic knowledge. I saw some online courses but felt that it would not be as good as Tayyibun Institute, so I was very happy when I found out that they have online courses. Even though one might think that their online courses are not as good as the centre, it turned out to be better than going to the centre, not only because I live in Saudi Arabia but mainly because you will be able to study in your own time. From what I have experienced I can say that the courses at Tayyibun Institute (and online) are very much practical. Jazaahum'Allahu Khairan"
Sister M Mohamed | <urn:uuid:318af571-9ec0-448d-85df-cd5d7646a322> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tayyibunonline.com/course/detail/105 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.961162 | 933 | 2.6875 | 3 |
3-D Microfibrous Media Electrodes
Three-dimensional microfibrous media electrodes have enhanced mass and charge transport compared to traditional electrode structures, allowing electrochemical processes to be carried out at high-current densities with enhanced energy efficiency.
Microfibrous media was originally developed to provide enhanced performance for energy storage devices such as batteries, liquid-double layer capacitors, and fuel cells. The three-dimensional microfibrous-media based structure simultaneously minimizes mass- and charge-transfer resistances commonly encountered during high-current density operation of energy storage devices. This electrode structure is prepared utilizing IntraMicron's proprietary wet-lay, entrapment, and sintering processes, which provide structural stability and intimate contact between the electrochemically active phase and the charge-conducting microfibrous matrix. Depending on the specific electrochemical application, the electrode structure and its components can be tailored to provide optimal electrochemical performance.
The enhanced mass- and charge-transport properties of microfibrous media-based technologies enable the performance-limiting resistances during high-current density operation of energy storage devices to be overcome.
Microfibrous media-based electrode advantages
Improved Electron Transfer:
Metal microfibrous electrodes have electrical conductivities at least 100 times that of carbon-fiber-paper-based electrodes. For applications where a composite electrode structure is required, this enhanced conductivity is even realized in a three-dimensional structure, because IntraMicron's proprietary preparation methods promote enhanced contact between the electrochemically active phase and the sinter-welded charge carrier network.
Improved Mass Transfer:
Compared with traditional electrodes, microfibrous media-based electrodes are highly porous, having void fractions that range from 62% to 98%. The openness of this structure enhances the diffusion of components to and from the electrode surface. IntraMicron has the capability to tailor the structure of these electrodes to be effective for gas-phase, liquid-phase, and two-phase flow.
Improved Proton Transfer:
For polymer exchange membrane applications, efficient proton transfer is necessary in addition to efficient electron and mass transfer for optimal performance to be achieved. Proton conducting materials can easily be incorporated into the microfibrous electrode structure to provide a means for proton conduction even at distances far from the proton-conducting membrane allowing full utilization of the three-dimensional electrode structure. IntraMicron's proprietary electrode preparation process enables proton conducting materials to be efficiently incorporated into the electrode structure to achieve significant contact between the charge carrier, proton carrier, and electrocatalyst, resulting in reduced cell overpotential and increased efficiency.
Improved Energy Efficiency:
The three-dimensional MFEC electrode structure allows efficient conduction and mass transfer even during high-current-density operation. By decreasing the transport resistances associated with electrochemical process, cell overpotentials can be significantly lowered resulting in increased overall energy efficiency. | <urn:uuid:eaef64fa-2438-48f5-9a5e-b19a7a75ee88> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.intramicron.com/electrodes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.898327 | 622 | 2.03125 | 2 |
If you are like most homeowners, you probably take pride in your home’s windows. However, if your windows are not kept clean, enjoying the natural sunlight and fresh air that come through them can be difficult. To learn about how to keep your windows clean, you can visit https://kjwindows.com/window-replacement-in-ahwatukee/.
To keep your windows clean, you should follow these tips:
– Clean Your Windows Regularly: If you wait too long between cleaning sessions, dirt and dust will build up on the surface of the glass. This will impair the optical performance of your window and make it harder to see out of.
– Use A Window Cleaner That Is Specifically Designed For Cleaning Glass Surfaces: Some cleaners contain abrasives that can damage the surface of your windows, so be sure to read the instructions before using them.
– Avoid Using Water To Clean Your Windows: Although this may seem like a straightforward solution, water can cause streaks and spots on the glass. Instead, use a gentle spray cleaner or a microfiber cloth to clean your windows.
– Avoid Contact With The Glass When Cleaning: This is especially important if you have any respiratory problems or are pregnant. If you do get contact with the glass, immediately rinse your hands and face with water.
-Do Not Use Window Tinting Products On Your Windows: These products can contain hazardous chemicals that can damage your windows.
Now you have a better idea of how to keep your windows clean after an Ahwatukee window replacement! | <urn:uuid:73d8df1f-0c9c-4f1f-8e69-56962a7e1f41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rock-creek-ventures.com/tips-on-cleaning-windows-after-an-ahwatukee-window-replacement/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.900522 | 319 | 1.898438 | 2 |
We understand that dental emergencies can happen unexpectedly and that is why we offer emergency dentist appointments outside normal hours including some Saturdays.
If you are in dental pain, you are in an emergency dental situation and you should see a dentist as soon as possible. At Island Dental we endeavour to see emergency dental patients with priority. When a dental infection is left untreated, it can spread to other parts of the face, neck, head and lead to serious health issues.
The treatment options available for dental pain are:
- Removal of the tooth or Extractions
- Gum Treatment or Periodontal Treatment
- Root Canal Treatment
We will need to discuss your dental history and examine you first in order to determine the cause of the pain before treating you. This may involve x-rays and other tests on your mouth, gums, jaw, throat or sinuses.
Dental emergencies, what you need to know and do
Stay calm and act quickly
- Seek dental advice as soon as possible after the injury.
- Seek medical advice if the person has been unconscious or has non-dental cuts or fractures.
A tooth is knocked out
- Pick the tooth up by the crown. Try not to touch the root.
- If the tooth is dirty rinse it in milk or saline solution if available. If not, rinse briefly (only a few seconds) in water to remove dirt and debris.
- If the person is conscious, hold the clean tooth by the crown and put it back into place using the other teeth as a guide. Use light pressure only.
- Ask the patient to gently bite on a soft cloth to hold the tooth in place.
- Seek immediate dental advice.
- If you can’t find the tooth, take the patient to a dental professional while others continue to search.
- If found, put the tooth in milk (if possible) or seal in plastic wrap and take to the dental clinic immediately.
- Do not put a baby tooth back into the mouth.
- Most children under five years have baby teeth only.
- If in doubt, place the tooth in milk and take it and your child to seek dental advice.
- transport the tooth in water
- scrape or scrub the root surface
- allow the tooth to dry out
- delay seeking dental treatment/advice.
- Place any broken pieces of tooth in milk. Don’t let the pieces dry out.
- If milk is not available wrap in plastic wrap for transportation.
- Seek dental advice as soon as possible.
Find an Emergency Dentist in Hobart
If you have lost or cracked a tooth due to an accident or injury, you will need to seek out an emergency dentist in Hobart immediately. The sooner you visit a dental clinic, the better the chances of your medical needs not being too severe. If you require urgent dental care, let Island Dental take care of you.
Benefits of Emergency Dental Services
It may be challenging to determine whether you require emergency dental care or not. Sometimes you may think that you can wait until regular hours to visit a dentist, although by then, you may need more dental work than initially required. Here are a few benefits of receiving dental care as soon as possible.
- Immediate assistance. With emergency dental care, you will receive immediate assistance and avoid making an appointment and waiting in a reception area. If you are suffering from a toothache, the last thing you want to do is have to wait days for an appointment, then sit in pain in a room while waiting to see a dentist.
- Determining your dental needs. When you suffer from toothache or other dental problems, you may not know the cause. When visiting an emergency dentist, they will give you a clear picture of what the root cause of your problem is and how to proceed.
- Prevention of further dental problems. In cases such as losing a filling, many people think that they can wait until regular business hours to have their tooth filled again. However, by delaying, you will expose your tooth to new problems, such as dental decay, this could then lead to further complications and may result in having your tooth extracted.
There are many benefits to visiting an emergency dentist as soon as a dental emergency arises, and one should take advantage of this service.
What to Expect from Island Dental Regarding Emergency Dental Treatments
At Island Dental, we focus on our patients and strive to provide exceptional dental care. We have a fantastic group of health professionals who have many years of knowledge and experience to assist every patient that walks through our doors.
- Many years of knowledge. With our vast experience in the dental field, we can provide you with professional and exceptional dental work in any aspect of dentistry, whether routine or otherwise.
- We are more than an emergency dentist. Although we offer emergency dental care, we provide our patients with so much more, from cosmetic dentistry to preventative treatments and a welcoming atmosphere. Our patients feel at ease, knowing that we can assist them with a variety of dental needs.
- You can book your appointment online. To make seeing us convenient, we offer an online appointment booking service to save you time. Book an appointment with us and receive nothing less than the latest treatment technology and professional service.
About Island Dental
We have several years of experience in the industry and are happy to serve the Hobart community with excellent dental care. We take pride in offering high-quality care at affordable prices, so contact us today for an appointment. | <urn:uuid:956f9f70-7408-4aec-9427-959ba142293a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.islanddentalhobart.com.au/dental-services/emergency-services/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.939729 | 1,151 | 1.875 | 2 |
By Steen Albrechtlund
A short tale of medieval virtue ethics or why the Beau Geste doctrine is ever so slightly exhausting.
Platons most important scolar, Aristoteles, study of character and ethics, is built around the premise that people should achieve an excellent character as a pre-condition for attaining happiness or well-being.
Aristoteles works has since been refined and further developed by numerous thinkers such as Aegidius Romanus and Erasmus of Rotterdam in the late medieval. The basic thought is that an individual at all time must strive for a higher level of sense and insights to become closer to a divine state. Romanus was advocating for a constant chase to achieve perfection.
The leadership literature today has a direct line straight back to Aristoteles, Romanus and Erasmus thoughts around impeccable morale and ethics. The likes of Covey, Horsley, Ole Fogh Kirkeby and Einer Aadlan are among the dominant preachers of modern virtue ethics in management. And their releases are sold in millions and millions of copies.
Both Aadland and Kirkeby recommends that leaders enter into a lifelong training camp and perform an askesis to become virtous, insightful, prudent, diligent and all round ethical lighthouses where their influence is imminent in every tiny corner of the organization like the eye of Sauron. This is the perfect human being propelled into commercial divinity. The perfect Beau Geste baby of the reformed Dr. Mengele.
First problem is that this is utterly unachievable. When you constantly search for perfection, you essentially end up searching for yourself in a constant loop where you will only find flaws and one day you will realize that it’s the same good old John Doe with Caitlyn Jenners make up. After you spend a fortune on books, seminars, boot camps to strive for leadership nirvana. What is the result of this extreme sport for perfectionists? Disillusion, resignation and burn out.
Second problem is bigger as seen from the perspective of an organization. You become intolerable for your team and the lust for perfection and control becomes a virus that paralyzes the greatest asset of a company: The people.
Modern companies are full of Beau Geste leaders and they prevent the company to unfold its full potential. The need to create and control processes, systems and decisions simply suffocate talent and cripple’s maneuverability. The C19 crisis has demonstrated that talent flourishes when they have space to perform.
A great leader must be insightful into own strengths and weaknesses and accept the virtue composition. Only in that way the leader can be truly credible as a human being and the fear of being exposed as a fake perfectionist will be reduced.
A great leader sets targets, milestones with the team. A great leader create the strategy with the team. And the rest of the time a great leader makes sure to nourish the right talent and remove all resistance and any obstacle in the company’s performance circuit. Unleash talent.
Steen Albrectslund is former CEO of Skagen Designs, Fossil Inc. and Fitness World. | <urn:uuid:114ddf6a-e5d7-4a68-8922-25431c2019f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coolleaders.com/2020/06/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.942258 | 649 | 1.851563 | 2 |
If you just bought a new MacBook, MacBook Pro, iMac, or Mac Pro you are probably pretty excited to get going on it. However, you may be worried thinking that it may be hard to set it all up. Though it is easy to set it up, it may take some time and understanding if you are new to Apple’s ecosystem. If you are one of these, then don’t worry, detailed below is all you need to know to set up your new Mac.
What all do you need?
You need the following things for the setup – Apple ID username and password, a reliable internet connection and your WiFi network information. The process to set up your new Mac could take a few hours if you are transferring all your data from your earlier system.
During the setup process, you will be asked to restore from a Time Machine backup of another Mac using the Migration Assistant. If you are using this option, you will require the hard drive your Time Machine backup is stored on. If you have not taken a Time Machine backup of your old Mac, then you need to do it first. Alternately, you can use the Migration Assistant to transfer files and settings from one Mac to another. | <urn:uuid:62eef632-b7bc-4788-a870-fdda3d4e0af6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.valuewalk.com/2019/12/how-set-up-new-mac/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.936316 | 248 | 1.601563 | 2 |
First and Third Party Coverages
First party coverages fix your car in the event you did something wrong, or nature happens to your vehicle. If you hit something, a tree falls on your car, lightning hits it, even a flood—all these perils are covered under first party coverage. These examples are all comprehensive and collision claims. Together, although they are not all inclusive, they will cover most things that might happen to your vehicle.
Third party coverages are liability. If you hit someone and get sued or you are responsible for the damage, those are covered under third party coverages. That includes Bodily Injury (BI) and Property Damage (PD). Bodily Injury will pay for the person’s medical bills, lost wages, death benefit, nursing home coverage, and even for pain and suffering. You will have coverage for Bodily Injury up to your liability limit. Property Damage covers what you damage—this would include if you run into a house, restaurant, another car, or a tractor trailer. Most people don’t have nearly enough coverage. Think about it—if you are driving down the road and hit a tractor trailer, a lot of them are worth $120,000 to $150,000 now. Many times we see people in our office with only $100,000 of Property Damage coverage, and that is simply not enough right now as prices have increased in the last 15-20 years. Make sure your limits are adequate.
Uninsured and Underinsured Motorist Coverage
There is one other coverage that is sort of in the middle: uninsured or underinsured motorist coverage. When we talk about these coverages, we are mainly talking about the states of Tennessee, North Carolina, and Virginia. Other states have different coverages, but we are talking about here in the Tri-Cities region. Uninsured or underinsured motorist coverage covers when someone else hits you and they would be responsible for paying your lost wages, medical bills, death benefit, and even for fixing your car, but they don’t have any or enough coverage. Your uninsured or underinsured motorist coverage will pay what their liability coverage would have payed had they had it.
The Coverage You Need
Those are the coverages that you need to be aware of when you are buying auto insurance. If you are not worried about your car being fixed if you do something wrong to it, then you don’t need comprehensive and collision coverage. We would usually still recommend uninsured or underinsured motorist coverage because it is so inexpensive, and there are so many people out there without auto insurance. You would want coverage if you get hit by someone without coverage. I had someone call our office who was hit by someone without insurance, and he thought because he didn’t have comprehensive or collision coverage, he would have to replace his car. But he actually had uninsured motorist coverage, so we were able to pay to fix his car. Be sure you have enough to cover your car. Sometimes uninsured property damage is a little oversold—if your car is worth $10,000, you don’t need $100,00 of coverage. So in some situations you can tweak your policy limits a bit, but most of the time it is so inexpensive that won’t be necessary.
Those are the basics of auto insurance. If you have any questions, please contact our office at (423) 292-4142, or send an email to firstname.lastname@example.org. We would be happy to give you more information and help you with any of your questions.
Let's Get Social!
Insurance can’t cover everything. Any insurance policy you get is going to have limitations. If something happened to your business, would you be able to get up and running | <urn:uuid:a262b77c-fb0c-46a8-8b7f-6a3cbdeffc46> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://veritasrm.com/auto-insurance-coverage-the-basics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.976209 | 778 | 1.664063 | 2 |
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Impression jasper is a form of quartz layered with silicate deposits that give it a banded, mottled, or marbled look that is then enhanced with various colors of dye. The dye doesn't take in the deposits, creating a beautiful contrast of golds, browns, and ivories with the dye’s color. The word 'jasper' is derived from the Greek word 'iaspis', which means 'spotted stone'. These beads are flattened ovals, 15x20mm in size, with the hole drilled lengthwise. They are dyed a soft shade of black.
Semi-precious stone beads are mined all over the world and then are usually cut in China. They will often be dyed or color-treated to enhance their appearance. We select the best quality semi-precious that is available, and try to avoid finishes that are not durable. It is best to assume that some semi-precious beads will fade over time.
All counts & weights are approximate | <urn:uuid:a3f06fa3-8fc1-4691-948c-965a1c11408c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.caravanbeads.com/sp-0126-15x20mm-black-impression-jasper-flat-oval.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.958218 | 213 | 1.90625 | 2 |
There is an easy way to send git patches via gmail’s SMTP server using
git send-email. A similar easy to set up cmdline utility to send mails from the terminal is sendEmail. There are other options (or sendmail, mutt) but they are bulkier or have a steep learning curve for the casual user.
In this article we will explore how to send emails and attachments (using your gmail account) with sendEmail. Though it’s a very smart utility with minimum dependencies written in perl, using sendEmail is not so easy because of the overwhelming number of options and somewhat inconvenient shortcuts. A few steps to greatly improve the experience follow.
- Quickest way to send mails via gmail
- Option to use TLS
- Add CC, BCC
- Add multiple attachments
- Edit message body in standard input (STDIN) for long messages
- Minimal dependencies
- Works with Linux, Windows and Mac
To install sendEmail from Ubuntu, run:
$ sudo apt-get install libio-socket-ssl-perl libnet-ssleay-perl sendemail
sendEmail has many options. Have a look:
$ sendemail --help
A sample mail from the cmdline with 2 attachments:
$ sendemail -f firstname.lastname@example.org -t email@example.com -u "Subject line goes here" -s smtp.gmail.com:587 -o tls=yes -xu myusername -a attachment1.pdf attachment2.mp3 Password: mypassword Reading message body from STDIN because the '-m' option was not used. If you are manually typing in a message: - First line must be received within 60 seconds. - End manual input with a CTRL-D on its own line. Hi! Just a test mail with attachments. Regards, User Sep 09 19:30:59 localhost sendemail: Message input complete. Sep 09 19:31:04 localhost sendemail: Email was sent successfully!
We used STDIN for writing the message in this example. In case of a short message, the
-m option is more convenient. Adding attachment is optional, used for a more complete example.
- As you can see, remembering (and typing) so many options is a pain. On a personal laptop you can set an alias in ~/.bashrc for the constant fields:
alias mail='sendemail -f firstname.lastname@example.org -s smtp.gmail.com:587 -o tls=yes -xu myusername -t '
-tat the end to avoid typing the token each time. No problem even if you include
-bcc) works as well.
- sendEmail doesn’t care if you miss the subject. In real life, we seldom send mails without a subject. At the same time, you may not want to remember the
- sendEmail shows the password and it’s a security concern (and don’t even think of using the
Download this small patch I wrote to prompt for a subject (if
-u is missed) and turn password echo off. If you intend to use an empty subject, simply hit
<Enter>. The patch is for version 1.56-5 available on Ubuntu 14.04 at the time of writing. To apply the patch on the original sendEmail file, run:
$ sudo patch /usr/bin/sendEmail < sendEmail-1.56-5.patch
In case you have a newer version and applying the patch fails, check the patch details and make the changes manually. It’s not a complex modification.
Here’s the same example with the alias set and the patch applied:
$ mail email@example.com -a attachment1.pdf attachment2.mp3 Subject: Subject line goes here Password: Reading message body from STDIN because the '-m' option was not used. If you are manually typing in a message: - First line must be received within 60 seconds. - End manual input with a CTRL-D on its own line. Hi! Just a test mail with attachments. Regards, User Sep 09 20:48:38 localhost sendemail: Message input complete. Sep 09 20:48:49 localhost sendemail: Email was sent successfully!
Coloured success message
While using sendEmail we noticed that in some cases it is difficult to figure out an error because of the long messages. Here’s a second patch (on top of the previous one) to print the success message in green. Use it on a colour-aware display and a terminal that understands colour (most of them do nowadays).
Here’s the simplest use-case with this modification:
$ mail firstname.lastname@example.org Subject: Subject line goes here Password: Reading message body from STDIN because the '-m' option was not used. If you are manually typing in a message: - First line must be received within 60 seconds. - End manual input with a CTRL-D on its own line. Hi, Just a mail without attachments. Regards, User Sep 09 20:59:08 localhost sendemail: Message input complete. Sep 09 20:59:12 localhost sendemail: Email was sent successfully! | <urn:uuid:1ef30f63-3f0b-4f0f-8d1f-ca88887fd153> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://tuxdiary.com/2015/09/09/sendemail/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.840938 | 1,157 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Will The Colonial Pipeline Hack Cause Gas Problems For Michigan?
Don't buy into the panic...remember what happened with toilet paper?
The Pipeline Hack
You've probably been hearing about it a lot lately, so what exactly happened?
Well, according to Business Insider, Russian ransomware group DarkSide "compromised" or what we all like to refer as "hacked" the Colonial Pipeline, demanding money in the form of cryptocurrency.
Though their motivations may seem politically-charged, NBC cites a statement from the group saying "they’re an apolitical group, only interested in making money — but seemed to acknowledge that by hampering the fuel industry, they may have crossed a line with the United States that no ransomware gang has crossed before."
The group's statement also said "From today, we introduce moderation and check each company that our partners want to encrypt to avoid social consequences in the future."
So what I'm gathering here is they thought they could finagle some Dogecoin and didn't anticipate that an attack on one of the main pipelines for fuel in the U.S. would cause some problems...I mean, they sound trustworthy enough, right?
The Consequences (Aside From Just The Hackers)
FOX 47, citing information from GasBuddy, reports the Colonial Pipeline is responsible for delivering around 45% of the gas supply to southeast states like Georgia, Tennessee, the Carolinas, Virginia, Alabama and Mississippi.
While the pipeline was shut down due to the attack, the company is is working to bring it all back online but for now, GasBuddy says there is no reason to panic.
Of course, they say the longer this is a problem, the more it will affect those in the states most dependent on the pipeline and even once the line restarts, it will take a hot minute for normalcy to resume.
What This Means For Michigan
Take a breath, FOX 47 says we are "not likely" to see any major effects of this here in the Mitten.
While gas prices have noticeably rising here as it is, being that we are not one of the states most directly hit, we still may notice a slight rise in the cost of fuel...but by no means should we go out and start panic-buying or hoarding...again, remember the toilet paper.
That being said, GasBuddy (via FOX 47) also warns that people rushing out to fill up or hoard gas could prolong price spikes and shortages.
"It is true that if the pipeline remains out of service into the early part of next week, roughly Tuesday or so, that some gas stations may run low on gasoline," GasBuddy said. "Tank farms that take the gasoline from the pipeline are likely starting to see supply run low, so it is vital that motorists do not overwhelm the system by filling their tanks."
According to FOX 47, GasBuddy predicts if there are any spikes, while hard to pinpoint an exact amount, they say "it appears to be a few cents per gallon."
While we worry about gas prices now, let's see how much they've changed over the years:
UP NEXT: See how much gasoline cost the year you started driving
LOOK: See the iconic cars that debuted the year you were born | <urn:uuid:2104a278-628d-4968-8ed9-57ef45a67a47> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://99wfmk.com/colonial-pipeline-hack-michigan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.956481 | 672 | 1.8125 | 2 |
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded in 1909, and was one of the first civil rights organizations in the United States. At its peak, the NAACP had over 500,000 members. Despite its successes, the NAACP has faced many obstacles over the years. Here are just a few:
1. The NAACP was initially met with hostility by the white power structure. In the early days, the NAACP was often the target of violence and intimidation, and many of its leaders had to live in secret.
2. In the 1960s and 1970s, the NAACP was targeted by the FBI for its extremist activities. This led to the organization being banned from various states.
3. In the 21st century, the NAACP has continued to face opposition from the white power structure, often being labelled as a terrorist organization.
Despite these challenges, the NAACP has remained a powerful force for change. It has played a significant role in the fight for civil rights, and has helped to improve the lives of millions of Americans. | <urn:uuid:22397a87-7cec-493a-83b4-903e905dc4b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pexsystem.com/qa/what-obstacles-did-the-naacp-face/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.990043 | 222 | 4.25 | 4 |
Avoiding mosquito bites
- Wear clothing that covers up exposed skin.
- Wear light-coloured, long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks, and shoes when outdoors between dusk and dawn (dark colours attract mosquitos).
Screens and bed nets
- Sleep inside screened areas, under a mosquito net or in an air-conditioned room.
- Use bed nets that are rectangular in size, filled with permethrin, an insect repellent, every 6 months and tucked tightly under the mattress before dusk.
- Apply insect repellent containing DEET to exposed skin when outdoors. Health Canada completes reviews of insect repellents that are registered in Canada, those containing DEET are the most effective.
- Use insect repellent with a 30% concentration of DEET. This should provide up to 6 hours of protection for adults.
- Wear light coloured clothing outdoors. It makes ticks easier to spot.
- Wear long pants and a long sleeved shirt.
- Wear closed footwear and socks, never sandals, when walking through fields or woods.
- Tuck your pants into your socks.
- Use a tick repellent containing DEET. Apply it to your skin and outer clothing.
- Put a tick and flea collar on your pets and check them periodically.
- Search your body well for ticks after walking through fields or woods. Pay special attention to areas such as the groin, scalp, and armpits.
- Insect repellent containing high concentrations of DEET can increase a person’s risk of experiencing toxic effects.
- Apply repellent only to exposed skin.
- Avoid applying repellents to parts of children’s hands that are likely to come in contact with their eyes or mouth.
- Never use repellents on wounds or irritated skin.
- Wash all areas of skin sprayed with insect repellent after you come indoors.
- In Canada, DEET products are not recommended for use on children less than 6 months of age. | <urn:uuid:3b151a12-87cb-473a-98a7-17e3fb282c36> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.phsd.ca/health-topics-programs/diseases-infections/insect-bite-prevention/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.884908 | 439 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Hey, are you into space and sci-fi? Then you likely know the name Neil deGrasse Tyson well. The celebrity astrophysicist is this generation's designated guy who's really super into space, although he's probably most well-known for pointing out when planets turn the wrong way (and other nitpicky minutia) whenever a major new sci-fi movie comes out. Point is, you probably already have your opinions about ol' Neil, which may affect how excited your are about the following news – Neil deGrasse Tyson is making a video game. Or at least he wants to make a video game.
The Tyson-backed Space Odyssey recently hit Kickstarter, and is looking for a fairly modest $314,159 (math humor!) Despite that, the game sounds ridiculously ambitious. Here's a basic rundown:
Space Odyssey: An awe-inspiring gaming experience of galactic exploration and colonization.
With its foundation based in scientifically accurate game-play, you'll be immersed in biology, chemistry, geo-science, and engineering as you build and explore planetary systems. With Neil deGrasse Tyson as your trusted advisor and cosmic guide, you'll set out on science-based missions to create, explore, and expand. Develop planets, colonize worlds, nurture species, mine elements, build robots, and discover unique life-forms as you coordinate with others in an intense game of real-time strategy.
Explore New Worlds - Players can also explore galaxies created by other players, including prominent scientists and fictional world-builders like Tyson, Bill Nye, George R.R. Martin, Neil Gaiman, and Peter Beagle.
Metroidvania Style - Players can explore, though access to parts is limited until developing the technology, skills, tools or resources to unlock access.
Machine Learning - An intelligent game where game play decisions directly affect and change the environment and game play for others.
Immersive VR Missions - Space Odyssey will bring exciting, immersive virtual reality special missions to the game.
Pilot Spaceships - Construct your spacecraft, equip it with the tools you'll need to accomplish challenges and pilot it through friends' planetary systems, mysterious planets and unknown stars.
So, this game will be a fully scientifically-accurate mashup of Civilization: Beyond Earth, No Man's Sky, and Metroid? And Tyson expects George R. R. Martin to find the time to build a planet? Oooookay. Listen, I miss old-school "edutainment" games as much as the next 90s kid, and this sounds like a neat, if unfocused, idea, but I don't see this coming together.
But maybe I'm wrong! I kind of hope I am! As of this writing, Space Odyssey has only raised $110,000 of its goal. If you'd like to chip in, you can do that, right here. | <urn:uuid:10ef7445-289f-457c-9d8d-8891a872fe75> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://comicbook.com/gaming/news/neil-degrass-tyson-space-odyssey-kickstarter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.934388 | 589 | 2.234375 | 2 |
If I were a doctor I would prescribe golf for anyone who needs to get fit or is feeling a bit down and these are the reasons why.
- Golf is great for burning calories with an average of 900 being burned during an 18 hole game.
- Golf tones and strengthens muscles due to the swinging of clubs, walking an average of 5 to 6 miles and carrying or pulling your golf bag.
- Golf is great for the heart as it has a powerful combination of fresh air, stress busting exercise and camaraderie with fellow players. When combined with a healthy diet golf can also reduce cholesterol levels and blood pressure.
Doctors recommend doing 30 minutes of cardiovascular exercise each day which means playing just one round of golf each week would give you the recommended amount of exercise.
4.Socialising is a great way to lift your spirits if you feel a bit down in the dumps and what better way to meet new people than on the golf course. There are many friendships created through golf thanks to the convivial atmosphere the game has and the social life in the clubhouse following your game. Studies show that when we interact with others who enjoy the same things it increases happiness and self esteem which is why golf is good for improving a person’s outlook on life and can help with depression.
5.Golf can help reduce stress levels due to all the physical activity and the pleasure of walking in an open and natural environment. | <urn:uuid:531321a5-2cda-4d51-b7c9-406ba066d07b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gbt.events/golf-why-its-good-for-your-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.962582 | 290 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Definitions of Neville:
- name: A male given name (common: 1 in 25000 males; popularity rank in the U.S.: #1081)
- name: A surname (rare: 1 in 25000 families; popularity rank in the U.S.: #3372)
- noun: (countable) A surname, from Old French.
- noun: (countable) A male given name transferred from the surname, of 16th century and later usage.
- noun: A small village in Blayney Shire, New South Wales, Australia.
- noun: A commune of Manche department, Normandy, France. Ellipsis of Neville-sur-Mer. Former name of Neville-sur-Mer..
- noun: A commune of Seine-Maritime department, Normandy, France.
- noun: A village in the Rural Municipality of Whiska Creek No. 106, Saskatchewan, Canada.
- noun: A village in Clermont County, Ohio, United States.
(Definitions from Wiktionary)
Search for Neville at other dictionaries: OneLook, Oxford, American Heritage, Merriam-Webster, Wikipedia | <urn:uuid:93b99059-cd08-41ec-af33-3e50dea6a6db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rhymezone.com/r/d=neville | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.802005 | 265 | 2.84375 | 3 |
The bridge of Avignon is one of the most famous monuments in the world, and the famous song that helped a lot, since it is sung by children of all countries.
But if this bridge is famous, his story is less so.
The first time you discovered, it is surprising that it is truncated ...
Only four arches remain on 22 of its origin.
What happened? What is the event that caused this destruction?
Moreover, little is known about the true name of the bridge Saint-Benezet.
Who was this saint and what was his relationship with the bridge?
So learn the history and legend of this monument that around 400.000 visitors per year. | <urn:uuid:d47d2931-a95b-4069-a319-209f682bafc8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.avignon-pont.com/en/content/discover | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.979517 | 145 | 2.046875 | 2 |
One of the best ways to get quality inbound links is by commenting on blogs, particularly blog posts with high PageRank (PR). Nevertheless, there are two kinds of blogs for commenting. They are dofollow and nofollow.
You will also require to learn and use Search engine optimization, or search motor optimization. Creating your weblog or posts rank higher in search motor results will increase your chances of creating cash online. Seo is not as tough as you might think it is. You can start by creating original content and then creating posts that you can publish as fundamental text content material of your promo. Therefore, making your blog and articles function with every other, as drive related visitors to one another.
Simply put, blogs can help improve the prominence of your main web site. As we all know, traffic is the lifeblood of every on-line company, and 80%25 of the traffic that can be generated for any website would arrive from the search engines. To safe a good position in the lookup engine outcomes, you’d need to increase your website’s page rank. And 1 way of creating this occur is to have as many back hyperlinks as possible. Back hyperlinks refer to the quantity of web sites linking to your main website.
The individual who owns the other weblog, unless of course they don’t know what they are doing both, is not going to approve your remark. And even if they do, what is the quality of that hyperlink? What is the value of the traffic it sends to your blog, if any?
To get rid of this type of spam, these sorts of websites require to be found and removed from search motor indices AND the ad division of the lookup engines need to refuse to allow these websites to publish their advertisements. The former is more difficult from the latter, but upon discovering this kind of websites, I think search engines have an obligation to remove them.
The first important thing you ought to do is to select your market. Following choice of your market, you ought to make a checklist of your favorites. If you do not have an existing blog, you need to sign-up online. There are totally free blogs that you can register with. When you are via with the registration, you should select the feel and appear. You can personalize the format of the blogs.
Nevertheless, other bloggers can also recommend publications created by fellow bloggers and obtain an affiliate payment. As a result of how do weblogs make money, entrepreneurs are paid among 33%twenty five-50%25 to recommend publications and goods created by other bloggers. | <urn:uuid:6bb42b68-0973-4355-b86f-5079c45f699b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fit-in-hamburg.info/make-cash-online-using-weblogs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.94785 | 530 | 1.507813 | 2 |
The internet has so much more to offer than just dirty films, even if that was said more than 15 years ago in the Tony Award-winning Broadway musical “Avenue Q”. In times of the Corona crisis, it is vital for many people to survive. The network makes home office possible in many professions, groceries are ordered directly at the front door and the necessary entertainment in self-insulation is also provided. But what to do if the line is paralyzed or nothing works?
First of all, users should check whether the problem is perhaps in their own household. Three questions can be answered quickly: Does the wired PC only have no network, or is there no WiFi for smartphones, tablets and laptops? Are all cables plugged into the router and the computer – or has one perhaps come loose? Is there a flashing light on the router that is otherwise not on, or has a normally shining light gone out?
In the event of household malfunctions, it is often sufficient to restart the router and wait a few minutes for the device to start up and connect again. A restart of the end device – PC, console and Co. – is sometimes sufficient. A look at the settings of the router can also help. Inexperienced users should not play around unnecessarily here.
If the connection is paralyzed, a speed test should be carried out first. On sites like “speedmeter.de” , consumers can see how fast their own connection is. Does the provider deliver the promised speed, or do the values for upload and download come together significantly lower? If the displayed values are within the range, the problem is probably not with the provider.
Is everything okay, only Netflix is not working or the PlayStation Network and Xbox Live are bumbling? Then the probability is very high that there is no problem with your own provider or in the household. Because the servers of individual providers can also break.
It is worth taking a look at sites such as “downdetector.com” and the German offshoot “allestault.de” . Customers can report there whether they have problems with their provider or with individual services. If the curve of fault reports has risen sharply in the past few hours, it is likely that there is currently a major fault. Users can also check this in part on the providers’ own pages or in social media. For example, many large companies have their own accounts on Twitter, which they use to answer inquiries or provide information about general disruptions.
If nothing can be found there, contacting the service provider should help. Providers such as Telekom, O2 or Vodafone have customer hotlines or offer contact options via email and the like to be able to report malfunctions. In an emergency, customers have to look up the corresponding number with their smartphone – or extract the documents that the provider sent after the contract was signed. The corresponding hotline is usually noted there as well.
If you want to be on the safe side and at least do not want to do without entertainment during a malfunction, you should make provisions for an emergency. Podcasts, audio books, music and films can also be downloaded directly to end devices from many streaming providers. Even YouTube videos can be officially downloaded – but you have to be a YouTube Premium customer.
(wue / spot) | <urn:uuid:311a6ef3-8ca9-4645-b8a4-778ec27ac598> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ilawjournals.com/what-to-do-if-the-internet-doesnt-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.956762 | 681 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Is The Potential Of Blockchain Being Realised In IoT Networks, Or Is It Detained To Remain A Niche Technology?
The integration of blockchain and IoT has successfully addressed many issues in intelligent connected systems. Although organisations under different domains embrace blockchain, they will also realise the technology’s true potential in the coming years, and it won’t ‘just‘ be a niche technology any longer.
The IoT or Internet of Things functions by connecting people, devices, places, and technology to create value for individuals and organisations. Today, IoT exists in sophisticated and connected sensors, chips, and actuators embedded in different physical entities. As the IoT ecosystem continues to grow globally, billions of devices are getting interconnected. The world would have more than 50 billion connected devices by 2030. The very nature of IoT makes it vulnerable to various security threats because connected IoT devices exist in many forms and brands, tested or untested, approved or unauthorised. With the number of devices in the smart ecosystem growing, users would be susceptible to data theft and hacking. Even if a single connected device is vulnerable, it can lead to a compromise of data.
Starting with Bitcoin, decentralised ledger technologies (DLTs) like blockchain continue to gain popularity at an unprecedented scale. However, there are three main features of this technology that might benefit the IoT ecosystem.
- Trust: DLTs have been conceived to add a trust layer between all the participant parties. Being append-only and reinforced by cryptography, no participant can modify or delete any of the ledger blocks, thus making the blockchain immutable and every transaction traceable.
- Digital Identity: With centralised identities becoming vulnerable to data breaches and identity thefts, digital identity often becomes unreliable. Incorporating blockchain technology, users would have control over their data or information. Thus, blockchain technologies are helping users control the use of their digital data and manage digital identities.
- Smart Contract: With real-time enforcement, blockchain-based smart contracts are being used to establish an agreement between multiple parties without intermediary involvement. The contract remains over a decentralised and distributed blockchain network. Presently, such arrangements have become a staple in different spheres involving human transactions, such as real estate and healthcare.
The integration of IoT and blockchain can go a long way in preventing disruption, thereby building trust during data sharing, processing, and storage. This fact explains why organisations under various sectors are integrating blockchain into IoT ecosystems to secure their data across IoT (Internet of Things), IIoT (Industrial Internet of Things), and IoMT (Internet of Medical Things).
Is The Potential Of Blockchain Being Realised In IoT Networks?
While the utility of blockchain is yet in its nascent stages, the coming years would see its diversification and adoption in IoT environments. By 2025, blockchain IoT is set to be a $3 billion industry. However, IoT networks are yet to exploit blockchain technology to its full potential:
- Firstly, specific concerns regarding the processing power necessary to encrypt every object in a blockchain-based environment need to be addressed. Considering the diversity of IoT ecosystems, the key players need to make strategic moves.
- IoT is different from ordinary computing networks, as many diverse devices constitute an IoT environment. Accordingly, the computing powers vary in the system, and not every device would be able to maintain the same desired speed level while running similar encryption algorithms.
- Many firms are presently unable to deploy blockchain in IoT due to storage constraints. Although no central server would be required to store the device IDs and transactions, one has to place the ledger on the nodes.
- With time, the ledger size would be increasing. Considering such challenges, organisations deploying IoT systems have not fully capitalised on blockchain technologies yet.
It won’t be wrong to acknowledge blockchain as the missing link between IoT and data security today. However, between 2019 and 2025, global blockchain IoT is likely to register a CAGR of 91.4%. This projection is optimistic about the potential that blockchain holds for IoT in the coming years.
A recently published report has highlighted many use cases that leverage a combination of IoT and blockchain technology, such as supply chain (e.g., food safety, anti-counterfeit, etc.), IoT Network Management (e.g., smart cities, healthcare, etc.), Smart contract and compliance.
It shows that blockchain cannot remain a niche technology and will make a widespread impact in IoT and many other spheres of human activity.
- IoT, IIoT, IoMT Device Authentication: It is imperative to track the origin of a physical or digital asset and eventually use a blockchain to trade it to ensure the authentic developer or manufacturer, owner, supplier, etc. Therefore, blockchain would not remain a niche technology in a few industries but will be of great help for the authentication of connected devices across various networks. Instead, almost every player in diverse sectors would embrace blockchain to secure their credentials and identity across devices and platforms and manage digital rights in the coming years.
Intel has already started working on blockchain technology in collaboration with JP Morgan, Microsoft, etc. Intel is also exploring how blockchain technology in combination with IoT, i.e., Blockchain-based IoT (BIoT) applications, can be used for authentication of IoT-based devices and help solve the security issues of their IoT-based systems.
- Logistics: Even with the digitisation of the logistics industry, it struggles to cope with the shortage of transparency and communication. Besides, with the number of players in this sector multiplying in recent years, organisations often encounter loss of time and money. With blockchain’s transparency and legitimacy attributes, global logistics organisations are leveraging their automation processes.
- Automobiles Sector: Blockchain and IoT ecosystem will be the key technologies of tomorrow, starting from automobile manufacturing, payments, driving, tracking, parking, etc., in various everyday aspects of human lives.
Toyota Blockchain Lab has already started working on customer contract digitalisation, vehicle rights management, vehicle lifecycle management, supply chain, finance, etc., by leveraging highly tamper-resistant and fault-resistant characteristics of blockchain technology along with IoT.
- Other Applications: Presently, the experiments are in the early stages. However, the applications range from medical records to identity management to micropayments and virtual customer blockchain wallets.
Apart from the above-mentioned use cases and applications, other IoT-Blockchain projects such as VeChain are trying to enhance supply chain management. On the other hand, IOTA is developing a standard model for conducting transactions on various devices.
Blockchain and IoT are transforming the digital space, and the world has started to realise its potential. While it might prove to be a labour-intensive pursuit, sensors and IoT devices can expand the digital assets and solutions developed on blockchain. Though the current scenario shows that both blockchain and IoT technologies are in their developmental stages, statistics hold enormous promises for the future. Blockchain cannot remain merely a niche technology in the modern world of convergence, interconnectivity, and diversification. Instead, it will revolutionise IoT and any other conceivable field of human endeavour on a global level. | <urn:uuid:bcec8732-49c8-4989-9183-eb4bc7be951e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://laptrinhx.com/news/is-the-potential-of-blockchain-being-realised-in-iot-networks-or-is-it-detained-to-remain-a-niche-technology-wY9WvWm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.928186 | 1,444 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Beyond the disorders recognized as mitochondrial diseases, abnormalities in function and/or ultrastructure of mitochondria have been reported in several unrelated pathologies. These encompass ageing, malformations, and a number of genetic or acquired diseases, as diabetes and cardiologic, haematologic, organ-specific (e.g., eye or liver), neurologic and psychiatric, autoimmune, and dermatologic disorders. The mechanistic grounds for mitochondrial dysfunction (MDF) along with the occurrence of oxidative stress (OS) have been investigated within the pathogenesis of individual disorders or in groups of interrelated disorders. We attempt to review broad-ranging pathologies that involve mitochondrial-specific deficiencies or rely on cytosol-derived prooxidant states or on autoimmune-induced mitochondrial damage. The established knowledge in these subjects warrants studies aimed at elucidating several open questions that are highlighted in the present review. The relevance of OS and MDF in different pathologies may establish the grounds for chemoprevention trials aimed at compensating OS/MDF by means of antioxidants and mitochondrial nutrients.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Cell Biology | <urn:uuid:408005df-9781-47d3-b961-2cda5a403d14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/oxidative-stress-and-mitochondrial-dysfunction-across-broad-rangi | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.891404 | 245 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Now without spending money, you can get a cheap haircut. If you know the methods and techniques used for cutting then you can cut your hair just using a razor.
Even you can cut thin hair with razor within a short time. Customers can get a variety of haircuts if they select the best hairstylist. Here we will see how to cut hair using the razors. Just divide your hair into three sections like a top, bottom and middle portion. For perfect cutting, you need to have a razor comb.
Always start from the bottom section and then hold the razor comb perpendicular angle relative to hair. Move the razor gently towards the hair from the middle to the end. Continue this step for each section.
How To Section Your Hair
Then section your hair with razor comb and the comb is divided into three sections. You can see that the end section of the comb has a normal comb. But the first portion of the comb is divided into two different sides. It contains a wide-toothed side and a small-toothed side in the first end. You can make a choppy layer by using the wide-toothed side.
However, the small-toothed side will be perfect for thinning hair and you can also make a subtle look. If it is the first time to trim hair with razor then start with a small-toothed side. When you get full confident to your razor then start with the other side.
How To Brush Your Hair
If the hair is not smooth enough then cutting will be difficult and sometime the hair may get damaged. So comb your hair until it gets smooth and remove the tangles. If you want to practice the haircutting then start with dry hair and also check that the hair is straight and soft. For example, it should look like a flat iron. Then it will be easy to see how many hairs you are removing.
Cutting hair with shaving Razor is also one of the best methods. If you are not practiced then don’t use this method. Again divide the middle section into two parts. You need to bring the two portions forward over the shoulder then it will be visible to cut.
For each cut you need to comb the hair then small hair will fall and you can get clear while cutting. The top section should be split into two and isolate the bulk one and start cutting. | <urn:uuid:b2a894f3-78e1-490c-ba97-226a8008bf98> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hospitalofhopemango.org/hair-cutting/how-to-trim-hair-with-razor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.924261 | 487 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Called Unfairy Tales, the three animations – true stories of the flight of children from conflict – explain the horror behind why they fled. They have been animated in the style of a fairy tale and will be supported by an interactive e-book experience also called Unfairy Tales.
“No matter where they are in the world, when refugee and migrant children reach their destination, it is the beginning of another journey, not the end of the road,” said Paloma Escudero, UNICEF’s head of communication.
“Every day, everywhere, people are helping them out with small acts of humanity. These acts rarely make news but they are making all the difference in the world to individual refugee and migrant children. UNICEF wants to showcase these #actofhumanity to inspire others and show the way forward,” Escudero said.
One story – “Ivine and the Pillow” – animates the true story of 14-year-old Ivine and her pillow, Pillow. After a perilous escape from Syria, Ivine settles at a refugee camp in Germany only to face new challenges. “Malak and the Boat”, tells the tale of a young girl’s voyage in a leaky boat. The third animation depicts the story of Mustafa, who after fleeing his home, wonders who is left to be his friend.
”The stories of the three children are not unusual. At least 65 million children and young people globally are on the move – escaping conflict, poverty and extreme weather – looking for a more stable life and a place to call home,” Escudero said.
UNICEF paid tribute to the ad agency 180LA for conceiving and fully producing the series with help from animation houses Consulado, House of Colors, Bubba’s Chop Shop and Gilles+Cecilie Studio, along with Media Monks, which produced the interactive e-book.
180LA Executive Creative Directors Rafael Rizuto and Eduardo Marques said, “The Unfairy Tales picture with heartbreaking detail what it’s really like to be a child in that situation, showing that some stories were never meant for children. We needed to tell these stories to make everyone think about it.”
UNICEF will engage audiences with social media messaging and intends to produce more animations. UNICEF’s ask is simple: Show an #actofhumanity towards refugee and migrant children and young people. Use #actofhumanity to share stories and inspire us and others. | <urn:uuid:49a1d076-42ca-4e4c-983b-0b72d3468e3d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newsghana.com.gh/unicef-presents-unfairy-tales-of-the-migrant-children/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.943412 | 537 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Friday marked the seventh anniversary of the illegal invasion of Iraq, but by now, it seems, the American people have become used to living in a state of perpetual war, even though that war was based on torture and lies. Protestors rallied across the country on Saturday, but the anti-war impetus of the Bush years has not been regained, as I discovered to my sorrow during a brief US tour in November, when I showed the new documentary film, “Outside the Law: Stories from Guantánamo” (directed by Polly Nash and myself) in New York, Washington D.C., and the Bay Area.
Some activists were still burnt out from campaigning for Barack Obama, others thought the new President had waved a magic wand and miraculously cured all America’s ills, while others, to the right of common sense and decency, were beginning to mobilize in opposition to a President who, to be frank, should have been more of a disappointment to those who thought that “hope” and “change” might mean something than to those who supported the Bush administration’s view of the world. Obama escalated the war in Afghanistan, endorsed indefinite detention without charge or trial for prisoners at Guantánamo, and shielded Bush administration officials and lawyers from calls for their prosecution for turning America into a nation with secret prisons, an extraordinary rendition program, and a detention policy for terror suspects based on the use of torture.
Nevertheless, the Republicans’ assault on decency, common sense and the law, in relation to terrorism, escalated in the wake of the failed Christmas Day plane bombing, with a high-level revolt against trying those accused of involvement in the 9/11 attacks in federal courts, and a renewed onslaught on President Obama’s already tattered plans to close Guantánamo. On the anniversary of the war, headlines were dominated not by anti-war protests, but by the disgusting behavior of the Tea Party activists, whose bitter, negative campaigning against Obama, which has always demonstrated a thinly-veiled racism, plumbed new depths when protestors hurled racist and homophobic abuse at members of Congress.
African-American Congressman Emanaul Cleaver (D-MO) was spat on by a Tea Party protester, Congressman John Lewis (D-GA), a protégé of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., was called a “nigger,” and gay Congressman Barney Frank (D-MA) was called a “faggot.” Congressman James E. Clyburn (D-SC), who helped lead sit-ins in South Carolina in the 1960s during the civil rights movement, told NBC News:
It was absolutely shocking to me. Last Monday, I stayed home to meet on the campus of Pomford University, where 50 years ago, as of last Monday, March 15th, I led the first demonstrations in South Carolina, the sit-ins. Quite frankly I heard some things today that I haven’t heard since that day. I heard people saying things today I’ve not heard since March 15th, 1960 when I was marching to try and get off the back of the bus. This is incredible, shocking to me.
It is enough of a sign of madness that the Tea Party brigade, who oppose healthcare reform, have been sold a lie by the very corporations who mercilessly exploit them, essentially by stirring up fears of “communism” and “socialism” that Europeans and sensible Americans find bewildering and illogical, but it is no less dispiriting that their pointless hatred overshadowed countrywide calls for the immediate withdrawal of troops from Iraq and Afghanistan.
The war in Afghanistan may originally have had some sort of acceptable rationale, but it was a lost cause almost as soon as it began, when America failed to win the crucial struggle for hearts and minds, killing thousands of Afghan civilians in bombing raids, imprisoning others in vile conditions in prisons at Kandahar and Bagram (where some died), and sending others to Guantánamo.
Another major reason for the failure in Afghanistan was the administration’s intention — instigated as early as November 2001 — to move on to Iraq, and while the Chilcot Inquiry in Britain revisited the roots of the Iraq war in recent months, demonstrating, without a shadow of a doubt, that it was an illegal war decided as early as April 2002, when Prime Minister Tony Blair committed the UK to full participation, an often overlooked side-effect of this decision involved, in the most cynical manner, the exploitation of prisoners seized in the “War on Terror” to provide cover for the planned invasion.
As I explained in an article last April, entitled, “Even In Cheney’s Bleak World, The Al-Qaeda-Iraq Torture Story Is A New Low”:
In case anyone has forgotten, when Ibn al-Shaykh al-Libi, the head of the Khaldan military training camp in Afghanistan, was captured at the end of 2001 and sent to Egypt to be tortured, he made a false confession that Saddam Hussein had offered to train two al-Qaeda operatives in the use of chemical and biological weapons. Al-Libi later recanted his confession, but not until Secretary of State Colin Powell — to his eternal shame — had used the story in February 2003 in an attempt to persuade the UN to support the invasion of Iraq.
That attempt, of course, was successful, but it is no less shocking now than it was then that those who manipulated Powell — Vice President Dick Cheney and his close circle of advisors — used the CIA’s post-9/11 torture program not to protect American from terrorists, but to launch an illegal war. As I also explained last April, with reference to an interview conducted by Jane Mayer of the New Yorker with Dan Coleman of the FBI, an old-school interrogator opposed to the use of torture, who was pulled off al-Libi’s case when senior officials decided to send him to Egypt:
As Mayer explained, Coleman was “disgusted” when he heard about the false confession, telling her, “It was ridiculous for interrogators to think Libi would have known anything about Iraq. I could have told them that. He ran a training camp. He wouldn’t have had anything to do with Iraq. Administration officials were always pushing us to come up with links, but there weren’t any. The reason they got bad information is that they beat it out of him. You never get good information from someone that way.”
As I also explained:
This, I believe, provides an absolutely critical explanation of why the Bush administration’s torture regime was not only morally repugnant, but also counter-productive, and it’s particularly worth noting Coleman’s comment that “Administration officials were always pushing us to come up with links, but there weren’t any.” However, I realize that the failure of torture to produce genuine evidence — as opposed to intelligence that, though false, was at least “actionable” — was exactly what was required by those, like Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, Paul Wolfowitz, “Scooter” Libby and other Iraq obsessives, who wished to betray America doubly, firstly by endorsing the use of torture in defiance of almost universal disapproval from government agencies and military lawyers, and secondly by using it not to prevent terrorist attacks, but to justify an illegal war.
This was a point that Col. Lawrence Wilkerson, Colin Powell’s Chief of Staff, confirmed to me in an interview last year. Speaking about the Bush administration’s focus on interrogating prisoners seized in the “War on Terror,” Col. Wilkerson told me:
[T]hey wanted to put together a pattern, a map, a body of evidence, if you will, from all these people, that they thought was going to tell them more and more about al-Qaeda, and increasingly more and more about the connection between al-Qaeda and Baghdad.
I even think that probably, in the summer of 2002, well before Powell gave his presentation at the UN in February 2003, their priority had shifted, as their expectation of another attack went down, and that happened, I think, rather rapidly. I’ve just stumbled on this. I thought before that it had persisted all the way through 2002, but I’m convinced now, from talking to hundreds of people, literally, that that’s not the case, that their fear of another attack subsided rather rapidly after their attention turned to Iraq, and after Tommy Franks, in late November as I recall, was directed to begin planning for Iraq and to take his focus off Afghanistan.
I commend the actions of the anti-war protestors in Washington D.C. on Saturday who, as the Associated Press explained, “stopped at the offices of military contractor Halliburton — where they tore apart an effigy of former Vice President and Halliburton Chief Executive Dick Cheney,” but as this anniversary passes and Dick Cheney remains free to continue espousing his vile, self-serving rhetoric, the sad truth is that, seven years on, Cheney’s crimes cannot be viewed in isolation, but must stand as an indictment of everyone, from the President down, via lawmakers, the media and the American people, who are prepared to accept this darkest of truths: that in 2002, the Vice President of the United States used an illegal torture program not to protect Americans from future terrorist attacks, but to launch an illegal war that, to date, has led to the loss of 4,386 American lives and the lives of at least 100,000 Iraqis, and possibly as many as a million.
Andy Worthington is the author of The Guantánamo Files: The Stories of the 774 Detainees in America’s Illegal Prison (published by Pluto Press, distributed by Macmillan in the US, and available from Amazon — click on the following for the US and the UK). To receive new articles in your inbox, please subscribe to my RSS feed (and I can also be found on Facebook and Twitter). Also see my definitive Guantánamo prisoner list, updated in January 2010, details about the new documentary film, “Outside the Law: Stories from Guantánamo” (co-directed by Polly Nash and Andy Worthington, and launched in October 2009), and, if you appreciate my work, feel free to make a donation. | <urn:uuid:c6ad5dc0-72c1-45da-ba58-81ee9c16c4ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dandelionsalad.wordpress.com/2010/03/21/seven-years-of-war-in-iraq-still-based-on-cheneys-torture-and-lies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.973546 | 2,187 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Last month the New York State Board of Regents eliminated a requirement that aspiring teachers pass a literacy test. The problem was that black and Hispanic candidates failed the test more often than white candidates did. And that, of course, must mean that the test was unfair.
That is what a group of teachers colleges argued in Federal Court two years ago. Southern District Judge Kimba Wood, however, said no. She ruled that the test was relevant and unbiased.
So, unable to have the test thrown out by courts on grounds of “disparate impact,” apologists and deans from teachers colleges—several of which serve largely black and Hispanic students—rallied their friends in the teachers union. And they leaned on Albany. This time they argued the test was expensive, onerous, redundant and was resulting in too few minority candidates getting certified. The overriding goal was to get more minority teachers into schools serving largely-minority populations. And the statistic they like to cite was that 80% of all teachers nationwide are white.
It didn’t take long for Governor Cuomo’s allies—Regents Chancellor Betty Rosa and State Education Commissioner MaryEllen Elia—to capitulate.
The exam, called the Academic Literacy Skills Test (ALST), was one of four that aspiring teachers had to pass in New York in order to get certified. It was first put into place in 2014 under the leadership of Chancellor Merryl Tisch. That year 64% of white candidates passed the test on the first try, but only 46% of Hispanics and 41% of black candidates did. That reduced the pool of qualified minority teachers by 20%.
Instead of asking why students were graduating from teacher colleges unable to pass a literacy test, apologists chose to
Far too many children in New York’s school’s are reading, writing and doing math at levels far below adequate proficiency. And way too many who graduate are unable to do college-level work. We should not be lowering the standards of teachers; we should be raising them. We should not be judging prospective teachers based on the color of their skin but on the quality of their abilities. All children deserve teachers who are qualified. | <urn:uuid:4e17907f-39a7-4152-af01-cc7c4b27e359> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://observer.com/2017/04/ny-regents-literacy-test-teachers-flunk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.976605 | 456 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Since 2010, the growth rate of global PCB production value has generally declined. On the one hand, fast-iterative new terminal technologies continue to impact low-end production capacity. Single and double panels that once ranked first in output value are gradually being replaced by high-end production capacities such as multilayer boards, HDI, FPC, and rigid-flex boards. On the other hand, the weak terminal market demand and the abnormal price increase of raw materials have also made the entire industry chain turbulent. PCB companies are committed to reshaping their core competitiveness, transforming from “winning by quantity” to “winning by quality” and “winning by technology”.
What is proud of is that in the context of the global electronic markets and the global PCB output value growth rate, the annual growth rate of China’s PCB output value is higher than all of the world, and the proportion of total output value in the world has also increased significantly. Obviously, China has become the global largest produces of PCB industry. Chinese PCB industry has the better state to welcome the arrival of 5G communication!
Material requirements: A very clear direction for 5G PCB is high-frequency and high-speed materials and board manufacturing. The performance, convenience and availability of materials will be greatly enhanced.
Process technology: The enhancement of 5G-related application product functions will increase the demand for high-density PCBs, and HDI will also become an important technical field. Multi-level HDI products and even products with any level of interconnection will become popular, and new technologies such as buried resistance and buried capacity will also have increasingly large applications.
Equipment and instruments: sophisticated graphics transfer and vacuum etching equipment, detection equipment that can monitor and feedback data changes in real-time line width and coupling spacing; electroplating equipment with good uniformity, high-precision lamination equipment, etc. can also meet 5G PCB production needs.
Quality monitoring: Due to the increase of 5G signal rate, the board-making deviation has a greater impact on signal performance, which requires more strict management and control of the board-making production deviation, while the existing mainstream board-making process and equipment are not updated much, which will become the bottleneck of future technological development.
For any new technology, the cost of its early R&D investment is huge, and no products for 5G communication. “High investment, high return, and high risk” has become a consensus of the industry. How to balance the input-output ratio of new technologies? Local PCB companies have their own magical powers in cost control.
PCB is a high-tech industry, but due to the etching and other processes involved in the PCB manufacturing process, PCB companies are unknowingly misunderstood as “big polluters”, “big energy users” and “big water users”. Now, where environmental protection and sustainable development are highly valued, once PCB companies are put on the “pollution hat”, it will be difficult, and not to mention the development of 5G technology. Therefore, Chinese PCB companies have built green factories and smart factories.
The smart factories, due to the complexity of PCB processing procedures and many types of equipment and brands, there is great resistance to the full realization of factory intelligence. At present, the level of intelligence in some newly-built factories is relatively high, and the per capita output value of some advanced and newly-built smart factories in China can reach more than 3 to 4 times the industry average. But others are the transformation and upgrading of old factories. Different communication protocols are involved between different equipment and between new and old equipment, and the progress of intelligent transformation is slow. | <urn:uuid:eefc8d3a-4591-45d7-bb28-26981ad420a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.abnewswire.com/pressreleases/with-the-advancement-of-global-technology5g-challenges-to-pcb-technology_527650.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.9482 | 765 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Editor’s note: An earlier version of this story called this a “data breach,” when it is actually more of a security vulnerability that how now been resolved. Team Clark apologizes for the mischaracterization.
Credit-reporting giant Experian is saying that customers’ personal information is safe after a security flaw exposed people’s personal identification numbers (PINs) used to manage credit freezes. Personal finance site NerdWallet first reported the Experian security vulnerability, which has been fixed.
To retrieve your PIN online, Experian presents users with multiple choice security questions for identity verification. The problem was, by selecting “None of the above,” the site granted anyone access to a PIN that allows you to manage your credit freeze preferences. NerdWallet was able to replicate the breach after being made aware of it by a reader.
It’s worth noting that if you haven’t set up a credit freeze, you have nothing to worry about, since a PIN would only allow someone to thaw your credit, not gain access to your credit report.
Experian security lapse: What we know & what to do about it
The incident comes more than a year after the Equifax data breach, which increased scrutiny of the major credit-reporting agencies. The Experian data leak apparently only affected consumers trying to access their accounts via online. Mail methods are believed to have been unaffected.
An Experian spokesman told Team Clark: “There is not and never was a risk to consumer credit data, personal information or the security of our systems. A credit freeze PIN does not enable access to a credit file or consumer PII (personally identifiable information). Experian deploys multiple layers of security, many of those not visible to consumers. While we are confident that our authentication is secure, we have taken additional steps to make the process even more secure. We continue to regularly monitor our systems, taking immediate action when warranted to strengthen data security.”
Despite this latest lapse, money expert Clark Howard says credit freezes are still the #1 way consumers can protect themselves from identity theft and fraud.
What to know about credit freezes & PINs
The three major credit-reporting bureaus, Experian, TransUnion and Equifax, have moved away from PINs as a means of accessing your credit freeze online. When it comes to mail, though, the agencies still will need your PIN.
If you no longer remember your PIN or have misplaced it, the agencies want you to mail them identifying information. But you can also call them. See Clark’s Credit Freeze Guide for all the ways to reach them.
3 things to do if you have a credit freeze set up with Experian
- Remove your Experian credit freeze & set up a new one: After initially advising people to change your PIN, we now are recommending that you remove your credit freeze and set up a new one.
- Sign up for free credit monitoring: If you haven’t signed up already, do so with Credit Sesame, CreditKarma.com or a Credit.com account to get free credit monitoring and be notified when anyone tries to use your personal info to establish new credit. Here’s a step-by-step rundown of how to do it. (Note: If your credit report is already frozen, you’ll have to temporarily lift your credit freeze at all three bureaus to enlist credit monitoring).
- Monitor your Social Security: If you’re over age 50, you should create a MySocialSecurity account at SSA.gov. This is “where you’re able to monitor that no one is trying to impersonate you at the Social Security Administration to get your benefits,” Clark says. | <urn:uuid:e11d911d-8548-4af6-a632-63372edc29f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://clark.com/consumer-issues-id-theft/experian-pin-recovery-flaw/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.935588 | 773 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Spraying Giant Hogweed early in the season is a method a group of farmers in the south of the country are deploying to bring the invasive species under control.
This, according to reports, is most effective as plants are small, and are at a stage where they require the least amount of spray, meaning it reduces the impact on other plant species in the area.
The measure is at the core of a programme – Bride Valley Invasive Alien Species Project – which is underway to control such infestations in the south of the country.
Cork County Council has been working alongside the BRIDE Farming with Nature team since 2019 to survey, map and address the issue of invasive plants.
The Bride Valley Invasive Species Project is now targeting a 5km stretch of the River Bride in the east of the county – from Castlelyons to the Metal Bridge and Ballyrobert – following the completion of the survey and mapping phase.
Both parties have produced documentation, entitled Bride Valley Giant Hodweed Information Leaflet, to provide “best-practice” guidance notes for landowners who wish to carry out the treatment themselves.
Giant Hogweed is a perennial plant, which was initially introduced to the British Isles in the 1800s, and poses “a serious” hazard to human health.
It was introduced to Ireland in the 19th century as an ornamental plant for gardens, before it quickly colonised and became a ‘high impact’ invasive species.
Now, in Ireland, it is one of the highest impact non-native species in Ireland with a risk assessment score of 19.
It is what the Mayor of the County of Cork, Cllr Danny Collins, described as a “particularly nasty species”.
He said that “this [above treatment method] will not solve the problem in one year and that a follow-up programme will need to be carried out by landowners for a number of years – depending on the severity of the infestation on their land”.
The herbaceous plant thrives in moist, rich, soil-like riverbanks, growing to huge heights, impacting native plants, and causing erosion.
The sap – which contains furanocoumarins – can cause a nasty irritation when it comes into contact with human skin. It can eliminate the skin’s ability to protect itself from sunlight which means that significant blistering can occur when the affected area is exposed to the sun.
A spokesperson for the project said: “Giant hogweed represents a significant health risk to anyone coming into contact with it. The sap causes severe skin burns, scarring and even blindness.”
Giant Hogweeds can grow up to 5 metres tall, outcompeting native plants while its root system can undermine riverbanks leading to erosion and bank destabilisation.
It can live for 3-5 years, after which time it sets seed (around July/August) and dies.
A single plant can produce up to 50,000 wind-dispersed seeds and because of its vegetative means of reproduction, it reproduces entirely by seed.
The seeds also float and are readily dispersed along watercourses allowing the plant to extend its range rapidly downstream.
According to the information leaftlet, 59% of seeds are within the top 5cm of the soil and so can easily be transported on boots or vehicles.
It suggests that ideally, infestations should be fenced off leaving a buffer zone of 4m around stands – 90% of the seeds are within 4m of the parent plant.
Giant Hogweed seeds are readily carried by water and have a germination rate of over 85%. This, the leaflet indicates, means that it is important to commence treatment at the location highest up the river catchment where Giant Hogweed has been recorded.
You can find more information via the leaflet.
Other articles on That’s Farming: | <urn:uuid:c3b37747-08ba-400a-8c47-fcc0c84d528d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thatsfarming.com/farming-news/farmers-spraying-giant-hodweed-early-in-season-to-control/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.952586 | 805 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Primary advantages of Municipal Forestry
There are several rewards to utilizing a comunitario forestry strategy, and some suggestions are the following. For example , this town may want to take care of its urban forest by increasing its cover cover. But it really may not be feasible for every metropolis to implement an metropolitan forestry system, so a number of practices which you can use in certain read review areas. To aid with setup and revision of a supervision plan, municipalities can create indicators that show whether they are assembly their goals.
Creating a long lasting forest starts with community decisions. Planning commissions should consider natural processes, and local decision makers should zone area to minimize flooding. For instance , new enclosure shouldn’t be integrated areas having a high risk for water damage. In addition , places can safeguard natural areas that reduce the potential for flooding. Municipal forestry programs may be beneficial to citizens of every level, from neighborhood to state level. Municipal forestry programs ought to work with additional government agencies to safeguard their woodlands and encourage public health.
An individual common matter for comunitario forestry is certainly invasive varieties. These nonnative species can harm native vegetation and threaten the economy. A large number of municipalities own banned selected species because they are really disruptive and may lead to unwanted wildlife. Bradford Pear is a common landscape tree, however it has been forbidden in some places, including Cleveland and Pittsburgh. Its presence can public out local trees, so it is best averted. Invasive species can cause a forest’s local ecosystem to be overrun by alien vegetation. | <urn:uuid:92d61f87-05b6-47cf-bbcc-437ed2c9766c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://feriaactivat.es/primary-advantages-of-municipal-forestry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.939428 | 310 | 2.5 | 2 |
"Lomasa said, 'That same king, of a powerful bow, standing at the head of the surrounding, (i.e., the occupant of an imperial throne) of a powerful car, (i.e., possessing every great fighting power) became the delight of the eyes and the soul of all the world. And he of the powerful arm came to learn how his forefathers had met an awful end from Kapila of mighty soul, and how they had been unable to attain the region of gods. And he with a sorrowful heart made over his kingly duties to his minister, and, O lord of men! for practising austerities, went to the side of the snowy Mountain (the Himalayas). And, O most praiseworthy of men, desirous of extinguishing his sins by leading an austere life, and (thereby) obtaining the favour of the (goddess) Ganga, he visited that foremost of mountains--Himalaya. And he beheld it adorned with peaks of diverse forms full of mineral earth; besprinkled on all sides with drops from clouds which were resting themselves upon the breeze; beautiful with rivers and groves and rocky spurs, looking like (so many) palaces (in a city); attended upon by lions and tigers that had concealed themselves in its caves and pits; and also inhabited by birds of checkered forms, which were uttering diverse sounds, such as the Bhringarajas, and ganders, and Datyuhas, and water-cocks, and peacocks and birds with a hundred feathers, and Jivanjivakas, and black birds, and Chakoras of eyes furnished with black corners, and the birds that love their young. And he saw the mountain abounding in lotus plants growing in delightful reservoirs of water. And the cranes rendered it charming with their sounds; and the Kinnaras and the celestial nymphs were seated on its stony slabs. And the elephants occupying the cardinal points had everywhere robbed its trees with the end of their tusks; and the demi-gods of the Vidyadhara class frequented the hill. And it was full of various gems, and was also infested by snakes bearing terrible poison and of glowing tongues. And the mountain at places looked like (massive) gold, and elsewhere it resembled a silvery
[paragraph continues] (pile), and at some places it was like a (sable) heap of collyrium. Such was the snowy hill where the king now found himself. And that most praiseworthy of men at that spot betook himself to an awful austere course of life. And for one thousand years his subsistence was nothing but water, fruit and roots. When, however, a thousand years according to the calculation of gods had elapsed, then the great river Ganga having assumed a material form, manifested to him her (divine) self.'
"Ganga said. 'O great king! what dost thou desire of me? And what must I bestow on thee? Tell me the same, O most praiseworthy of men! I shall do as thou mayst ask me.' Thus addressed, the king then made his reply to Ganga, the daughter of the snowy Hill, saying, 'O grantress of boons! O great river! my father's fathers, while searching for the horse, were sent by Kapila to the abode of the god of death. And those same sixty thousand sons of Sagara of mighty soul, having met with the majestic Kapila, perished, (to a soul) in an instant of time. Having thus perished, there hath been no place for them in the region of heaven. O great river! So long as thou dost not besprinkle those same bodies with thy water, there is no salvation for these same Sagara's sons. O blessed goddess! carry thou my forefathers, Sagara's sons, to the region of heaven. O great river! on their account am I beseeching thee forsooth."
"Lomasa said, 'Ganga, the goddess saluted by the world, having heard these words of the king, was well pleased, and spake to Bhagiratha the following words: 'O great king! I am prepared to do what thou dost ask me; there is no doubt therein. But when I shall descend from the sky to the earth, the force of my fall will be difficult to sustain. O protector of men! In the three worlds there exists none who is able to sustain the same, excepting Siva, the most praiseworthy of gods, the great Lord with the throat of sable blue. O (prince) of a powerful arm! Obtain the favour, by practising austerities, of that same Siva-giver of boons. That same god will sustain my descent upon his head. Thy desire he will fulfill, the desire, namely, to be of service to thy fathers, O king!' Then the great king Bhagiratha having heard the same, went to the Kailasa hill, and betaking himself to a severe course of penances, at the expiration of a certain length of time obtained the favour of that worker of blessings (Siva). And, O protector of men! that same best of men, in order that his forefathers might have a place in heaven secured to them, received from that very Siva the fulfilment of his wish, namely the wish that the descending Ganga might be sustained.'" | <urn:uuid:1135fa59-4cd0-4a5e-bb0d-599093392cc9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bharatadesam.com/spiritual/mahabharata/mahabharata_03108.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.967715 | 1,160 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Say your boss asks you to create a new website.
You’ll probably start thinking about the colors, typefaces and content you’ll want to feature on the site.
But an effective website that keeps visitors coming back requires more than just a pleasing color palette and good content. It must consider visitors’ eye patterns and how they read information on a Web page.
For a quick overview of eye tracking-the path people’s eyes naturally take when they view a website—take a look at this infographic from Crazy Egg and Single Grain. It explains that every good website:
How can you create a website that accomplishes all of these goals? Consider these eye tracking tips:
1. Put your logo in the top left corner of your website. Users remember a logo in this location 58.4 percent more than when it is in another area.
2. Place important content on the left side of the page. Users spend 69 percent of their time looking at the left half of a Web page. | <urn:uuid:4809c5a7-7417-4a3b-a6c6-f09a40ac9670> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.prdaily.com/eye-tracking-tips-that-will-keep-readers-on-your-website/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.891364 | 209 | 1.882813 | 2 |
[ntp:questions] Automatic time synchronization of local hw clock.
nomail at example.com
Tue Apr 22 12:11:14 UTC 2014
Martin Burnicki <martin.burnicki at meinberg.de> wrote:
> Rob schrieb:
>> Martin Burnicki <martin.burnicki at meinberg.de> wrote:
>>> Imagine what happens if you shut down Windows *before* DST starts and
>>> reboot *after* DST has started? Your system time will be off by 1 hour
>>> because standard time has been written to the RTC at shutdown, but DST
>>> is assumed to be read from the RTC at boot time, while the RTC in fact
>>> was still running at local standard time.
>> No, because Windows recognizes this condition and adjusts accordingly.
> Maybe this depends on the Windows version.
Version 3.11 probably does not do this correctly. Windows 95 and later
do. Early versions (95, 98) put a pop-up on the screen when they have
made this adjustment, later this was dropped as it apparently worked
correctly and users considered the popup a nuisance.
More information about the questions | <urn:uuid:5550f6f9-8f3b-4333-911d-a96b23e17169> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://lists.ntp.org/old-archives/questions/2014-April/037910.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.884032 | 270 | 2.03125 | 2 |
SEO Link Building Basics
- Basic Computer Skills
- Willingness to Learn
Link Building Made Easy!
As a website owner it’s hard to know what tactics are viable in growing your website’s online visibility. Everyone says that links are important in gaining traffic from Google, but no one talks about how to secure good links that make sense from relevant websites.
That's why we put this course together: we want to share our agency’s experience. We’ve built links for every business imaginable, from Fortune 500 to small online mom and pop shops.
In our beginner’s course, we’ll cover the basics: why links matter, link building myths, and link building mistakes.
Next we’ll talk fundamentals: keyword research, anchor text diversity, how to analyze a link, and how to analyze a website’s entire backlink profile.
After that we will teach you how to find target sites for link prospecting, including analyzing a competitor’s backlinks, using advanced search in Google, and how to analyze a website.
Who this course is for:
- Anyone interested in search engine optimization (SEO) and link building.
The course was compiled by Jon Ball. Jon is the co-founder and CEO of Page One Power, a custom link building firm based in Boise, ID.
Over the course of three years, Jon has grown Page One Power from a two-person operation into a 100 employee powerhouse. Jon and P1P help world class brands and mom & pop shops around the globe achieve higher traffic and search rankings through relevant, high-quality backlinks.
Jon also shares his expertise at search marketing conferences all across North America. He is a regular contributor to Search Engine Watch, Search Engine Land and Search Engine Journal.
Voice over by Thomas Swisher. | <urn:uuid:7efd683c-4853-4c58-844c-4a27aad62675> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.udemy.com/course/seo-link-building-basics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.92319 | 389 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Egyptian security forces heard voices inside the fuselage destroyed a Russian passenger jet that crashed in the Sinai desert in northern Egypt.
The aircraft, which had 200 adult passengers, 17 children and seven crew, he fell less than 25 minutes after taking off from the resort Sharm el-Sheikh on the Red Sea.
The Irish-owned aircraft was rented by a Russian airline. He fell in the area of Hassana, south of Arish. Security forces found the wreckage accident in a remote mountainous area in a region that contains many terrorists ISIS.
According to radar data, the aircraft was descending over 6,000 feet per minute, just before impact.
Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered his own team of experts to the crash site to determine the cause of the disaster. It also declared a day of national mourning.
The wreckage was found about 60 miles south of the northern city of El-Arish Sinai, Egyptian authorities said.
The Airbus A321-231 is believed to have been manufactured in 1997 and is owned by a company based in Dublin.
Updated: The latest reports suggest that some people might have survived the crash,
while 100 bodies have been recovered by the Egyptian authorities!
— Eric Lewis (@SubEWL) October 31, 2015
— RT (@RT_com) October 31, 2015 | <urn:uuid:6a096789-6f2a-4607-bb03-2159c76d39f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://insidefinancialmarkets.com.pk/2015/headlines/russian-passenger-jet-crashed-in-egypt-with-224-on-board-no-survivors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.971147 | 267 | 1.625 | 2 |
I find it very interesting that some of the most popular foods today started out with very humble beginnings, and were the foods of the peasants and the poor. Irish stew definitely falls into this category. Today, Irish stew is good comfort food that you can find in any Irish pub, but it grew out of necessity. Irish stew was created by using very simple ingredients that were readily available and could be thrown together and cooked in one pot. Originally, mutton was used instead of lamb or beef. Mutton is old sheep. It was readily available because people kept their sheep through old age for their wool and the milk. Because mutton is older sheep, it is also tougher meat, which meant it needed longer cooking times. When the Irish started to emigrate to the United States, lamb was not as popular here, but beef was plentiful, so beef was substituted for the lamb and mutton.
The potato was brought to Western Ireland via South America and the New World in the 16th century and has been a vital ingredient to Irish cooking ever since. The potato is probably the most valued ingredient in all of Irish cooking.
The method of stewing foods is one of the oldest cooking methods, dating back to the times of the Roman Empire. Stewing foods became popular to the Irish in the late 19th century, during times of turmoil and poverty and was an easy way to prepare foods with minimal effort and minimal ingredients. It became a way of survival in tough turbulent, economic times. Often times, the stews were cooked in stouts or other alcohols because clean water was not as readily available. By cooking with the stouts, it not only added flavor and moisture, but also added some much needed nutrients as well. The most basic version of Irish stew was mutton, potatoes, and onions. Root vegetables, such as carrots and parsnips, were added if they were available. Today there are many variations to Irish stew, but it always has potatoes and onions, and is still very true to its peasant roots, no matter where you go.
Being true to the Irish in me, and believe me, I have quite a bit of the Celtic blood flowing threw my veins, I used leftovers. When Larry smoked the ribs, there was no way we could eat them all in one sitting, so of course, we had some leftover. I used the meat from the beef short ribs for my stew, so I was able to cut out one step of the stew-making process by not having to cook my meat again.
Irish Beef Stew
2 lbs beef, cut into pieces
salt & pepper to taste
olive or vegetable oil
1 onion, diced
2 carrots, sliced
2 parsnip, sliced
2 cups mushrooms, sliced or quartered
1 lb small potatoes, quartered – I used red potatoes
1 TBSP garlic
1 tsp each, dried thyme, marjoram, rosemary
2-3 bay leaves
1 14 oz can Guinness or other dark stout
1 can beef broth
1 TBSP Dijon mustard
1 TBSP Worcestershire sauce
1-2 cups frozen peas
1 cup pearl onions
2 tsp water
2 tsp cornstarch
Season the meat with salt and pepper and brown in the cooking oil. When the meat is completely browned, place it a slow cooker. Add all the vegetables and potatoes to the meat. I like to mix everything up together to ensure everything cooks and is flavored evenly, but you do not have to.
Mix all the wet ingredients, the bay leaves and the cornstarch together then pour them over the meat and vegetables. Again, I like to mix everything together, but this not necessary if you do not want to.
Once everything is combined in the slow cooker, cook it at a medium temperature for about 4 hours, stirring occasionally. When it is ready, and the meat and vegetables are tender, remove the bay leaves and dish it up. I served my Irish stew with some Irish potato cakes (stay tuned for the recipe), warmed bread and my wine choice was a bold and fruity red blend. Now to be completely traditional, you could serve it with more Guinness or Irish stout, or Irish whiskey too. Slainte! | <urn:uuid:71eb0d2f-2574-4dea-a5f7-b1f50c782ac9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ajeanneinthekitchen.com/2020/03/18/irish-stew/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.975366 | 869 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Swimming Lessons in Fort Collins
Swim classes in Fort Collins are designed so that each student can learn at their own pace. Once a student has mastered the skills in the one level, they will then advance to the next. Learning to swim is not only important but it is crucial in the event of emergency. Learn how to protect yourself as well as those around you with swim classes through the American Red Cross.
The American Red Cross is celebrating over 100 years of water safety and instruction. We have taught millions to swim and be informed around water. To help celebrate this milestone, the Red Cross has launched the Centennial Campaign, designed to lower drowning rates by 50% in 50 local communities where rates exceed the national average. The American Red Cross Swim training in Fort Collins is designed to save lives through teaching - one student at a time.
Fort Collins swim classes feature 6 grade levels from Introduction to Water Skills to Swimming and Skill Proficiency. Each class is typically 30-45 minutes each. Our Learn-to-Swim Program includes basic water safety, what to do in the event of an emergency as well as stroke and swimming technique and development.
Developed for teens and adults, our adult swim classes in Fort Collins give students the opportunity to improve their swimming skills while under the guidance of a Red Cross instructor. Every level of experience is welcome and the program is designed to be to learn at your own pace. Swimming lessons for adults are available in 3 levels. 1) Learning the basics 2) Improving skills and swimming strokes and 3) Swimming for fitness
The Red Cross offers Learn-to-Swim classes in Fort Collins for kids. Taught by our knowledgeable and certified Red Cross instructors, we help young swimmers understand the importance of swimming safety and feeling confident in the water. Tailored around the needs of each child, our participants are encouraged to learn to swim at a pace that is comfortable for them.
Water safety lesson information is designed for individuals, swim coaches, lifeguards and others who work or play on, in or near water. Our Fort Collins Water Safety training classes are created to educate you on the importance of proper safety procedures around water as well as crucial skills for what to do in the event of an emergency.
Swim training in Fort Collins offers training resources and manuals that are designed to make learning easy. Our Water Safety Instruction Manual is provided free of charge. Our detailed training resources and manuals are designed to support your learning experience while participating in Red Cross training.
Simply put, the American Red Cross Swim training in Fort Collins saves lives. By arming children and adults alike with the knowledge of proper swimming techniques as well the benefits of water safety protocol, we are training those to be prepared in the event of a water emergency. Training through the Red Cross can mean the difference of saving a life, whether it is your own or the lives of those around you. | <urn:uuid:ad605a4a-7c56-47ed-a579-d1c7e2719a92> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.redcross.org/local/colorado/take-a-class/swimming-lessons-fort-collins-co | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.962566 | 589 | 2.171875 | 2 |
The Indian government, which has been reaching out to the new administration in Iran to establish closer ties that New Delhi sees as important to its regional aims, has seen its efforts become all the more pressing in light of the US withdrawal from Afghanistan and the Taliban's subsequent takeover.
Indian Foreign Minister Subrahmanyam Jaishankar has visited Tehran twice this summer, the second time as one of the high-profile guests at the Aug. 5 inauguration of Iran’s new president, Ebrahim Raisi. Just weeks before, Jaishankar had presented the Iranian leader with Prime Minister Narendra Modi's handwritten note of congratulations on Raisi's June 18 election victory.
D.P. Srivastava, a former Indian ambassador, said, “The presence of the [foreign minister] at the swearing-in is itself a pointer to the view held by India at the highest level. We have common interests in the region.”
Amid the US withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan and the quick rise of the Taliban, conditions remain chaotic and unstable. India, like many other countries in the region, is now trying to gain a foothold in Afghanistan. As India has no common borders with Kabul — and its archrivals Pakistan and China do — New Delhi sees its gateway to Afghanistan as going through Tehran, which also abuts Afghanistan. Indeed, India has long been working with Iran on providing an economic pathway from the Iranian port of Chabahar into Afghanistan.
Discussing the Kabul situation in a one-on-one meeting with Jaishankar after the inauguration, Raisi welcomed Indian involvement in helping stabilize Afghanistan, saying, “Iran and India can play a constructive and useful role in ensuring security in the region, especially Afghanistan, and Tehran welcomes New Delhi’s role in establishment of security in the region.”
Iran and India signed a strategic defense pact, the New Delhi Declaration, in 2003, and further security collaboration could be an additional dimension in the countries' ties.
Raisi also suggested a joint program to “increase the level of Tehran-New Delhi relations.”
Ashok Swain, a professor of peace and conflict research at Uppsala University in Sweden, told Al-Monitor, “India and Iran have enjoyed good relations and bilateral cooperation for decades as they have strong cultural links and common strategic objectives.”
Swain said, “Iran’s growing relations with China have affected Indo-Iranian ties to some extent, but both India and Iran see Taliban-controlled Afghanistan as a threat to their national unity and security, so they are likely to come together and strengthen their bilateral cooperation further, particularly on security matters.”
The interests of Tehran and New Delhi have traditionally converged when it comes to Afghanistan. In the 1990s, India and Iran supported the Northern Alliance, which opposed the Taliban. Both worked with the government of Afghan President Ashraf Ghani, who has now fled the country.
Complications for improved India-Iran relations include the China factor, strained economic ties and geography.
Tehran clinched a comprehensive strategic partnership with Beijing just months ago; even though New Delhi would like to prevent Iran from tilting toward China and Pakistan, the deal has been done and will likely affect the India-Iran relationship.
Michael Tanchum, a senior fellow at the Austrian Institute for European and Security Policy and a nonresident fellow at the Middle East Institute, told Al-Monitor, “During the 20th century, Iran and India enjoyed a broad alignment in Afghanistan with the objective to contain Pakistan’s effort to develop strategic depth. However, the strategic equilibrium in Eurasia has fundamentally changed and it will not be a ‘back-to-the-future scenario’ for an Iran-India partnership in Afghanistan.”
Tanchum, comparing the advantages of both strategic alliances for Iran, said, “The reason is that China exercises a substantially greater power projection capability across Eurasia than it did 20 years ago. In response, India’s placed itself more firmly in alignment with the United States. At the same time, the Iranian regime in Tehran needs a certain level of strategic cooperation with Beijing to survive.”
Moreover, he said, “China shares a border with Afghanistan in the Wakhan Corridor and maintains a military presence adjacent to that corridor in Tajikistan. China can put a significant military presence on Afghan soil while India cannot, or at least at prohibitively greater difficulty and expense. While Iran will attempt balance with some level of strategic outreach to India, the old strategic equation no longer applies. In the current Afghanistan situation, it is more of a fuzzy math.”
Second, India's joint projects with Iran have moved at a snail's pace.
After economic sanctions were clamped on Tehran due to President Donald Trump's withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) nuclear deal, India’s oil imports from Iran dropped drastically. Recent high-level energy talks between Raisi and Jaishankar must render solid results to end this constant strain to bilateral ties.
Also, India’s development plans for Iran's Chabahar port on the Gulf of Oman have been slow-moving, although recently New Delhi has tried to resume some work at the port to boost its cargo handling capacity as it expects that US sanctions could be lifted soon. Indian participation in Chabahar-Zahedan railway to provide goods to Afghanistan and the Farzad-B gas field project was stalled in part by the US sanctions on Iran.
A European diplomat in Islamabad who was previously posted in Iran told Al-Monitor on condition of anonymity, “Tehran looks at New Delhi as a relevant potential economic partner. However, for the future, much will depend on the possible resumption of the JCPOA. If it is achieved and the US sanctions are lifted, the potential for Indian investments in Iran energy projects could become significant. But at this moment Tehran, due to the uncertainty about it, wants to keep all the cards in its hands.”
The diplomat said that is why, despite New Delhi courting Tehran over the last decade, "Iran has been closely cooperating with China, and signed a cooperation agreement for 25 years in March 2021. I believe Tehran is very cautious, despite recent public statements by Raisi himself, because in this moment it is not clear if the nuclear deal will be revived or not.”
The envoy added, “China is a kind of Plan B for the future, despite the Western-oriented feelings of many senior officials in the [Iranian] institutions. India, on the basis of experiences from previous years, is perceived as too much linked to the US administration and it cannot, from Tehran’s point of view, offer the same assurances in the medium-long term.”
Finally, there is the geographical aspect.
Both countries had been planning trade routes such as the International North-South Transport Corridor. For India to compete with China, it needs direct access through Chabahar to Afghanistan and onward to Central Asia. But the turbulent conditions in Afghanistan will likely bring these connectivity routes to a standstill for now.
Iranian authorities have lately had to establish communication links with the Taliban to fulfill assurances regarding border security. The Taliban first took over major cities such as Herat and Zaranj relatively close to the Iranian border before moving on to the capital.
Last month, the Iranian Foreign Ministry hosted a round of intra-Afghan talks with both Kabul government representatives and the Taliban. Meanwhile, there are an estimated 3 million Afghans in Iran, many there as a result of previous Afghan wars, and more Afghan residents have been trickling in due to the ongoing chaos.
Unlike India, Iran is being directly affected by events in Afghanistan and it is having to deal with some serious issues.
Consequently, though Iran-India ties appear set on an upward trajectory, basic realities on the ground and the changing geopolitics in their surroundings could have some impact. This, in turn, will create fresh challenges for their relationship and each side might have to adopt a wait-and-see attitude. | <urn:uuid:96ab1743-4fd4-410c-9ff9-972b52c5d72f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2021/08/afghan-chaos-further-incentive-indias-efforts-strengthen-ties-iran | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.959309 | 1,672 | 2.109375 | 2 |
The English for Academic Purposes preparation course at P.I.C.E. is suitable for students who want to take an IELTS test, for example for entry to further education in Australia (TAFE/university) or migration purposes. The course has the features of an exam course (intensive study program, tailored homework schedule and weekly exam practice).
IELTS tests all four language skills – Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking. The Speaking test is a face-to-face interview with a certified Examiner. It is interactive and as close to a real-life situation as a test can get. This means your understanding of English is improved and valid for real life in an English-speaking country. More than 6000 organisations, including many government departments and universities, rely on IELTS. The IELTS scoring system is recognised globally, giving you a truly international result. | <urn:uuid:01f63d70-6993-4e30-805b-675e4a0bd137> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pice.com.au/eap | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.933988 | 210 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Praise be to Allah.
Siwaak means cleaning the mouth and teeth with a siwaak, which is the name given to the tool used. The siwaak is a stick or twig used for this purpose.
Siwaak is a method of cleaning the mouth which also earns the pleasure of Allaah, as is proven in the hadeeth of Aaishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) who said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, Siwaak cleanses the mouth and pleases the Lord.(Reported by [??] al-Bukhaari in his Saheeh, 2/274, and by [??] Ahmad, 6/47, and al-Nisaai, 1/50. Its isnaad is saheeh, see al-Irwa 1/105).
Use of the siwaak is repeatedly encouraged, as in the hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him), who reported that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: Were it not for the fact that I did not want to make things too hard for my ummah, I would have commanded them to use the siwaak at every time of prayer.(Reported by al-Bukhaari, 2/299 and Muslim, 1/151). According to another report narrated by al-Bukhaari, he said: at every time of making wudoo.
Imaam al-Nawawi reported that the respectable scholars were agreed that use of the siwaak is sunnah and is encouraged. One of the signs of its importance is the fact that some of the salaf (early generations of Islam), such as Ishaaq ibn Raahawayh, thought that it was obligatory.
Times when use of siwaak is recommended
Siwaak is recommended at all times of night and day, because of the general sense of the hadeeth quoted above from Aaishah, Siwaak cleanses the mouth and pleases the Lord. The scholars have also mentioned situations where use of the siwaak is even more strongly encouraged. These include:
When making wudoo and at times of prayer.The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: Were it not for the fact that I did not want to make things too hard for my ummah, I would have commanded them to use the siwaak at every time of prayer. According to another report he said: at every time of making wudoo as already stated above.
When entering one's home to be with ones family.Aaishah was asked what the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did when he first came home. She said, When he entered his house, the first thing he would do was to use the siwaak.
When getting up from sleep. Hudhayfah ibn al-Yamaan (may Allaah be pleased with him) reported that when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) got up during the night, he would clean his mouth thoroughly with the siwaak. (Reported by al-Bukhaari, 1/98 and Muslim, 1/220)
When the smell of ones mouth changes, whether this is because of eating food with a strong odour, or because of not eating or drinking for a long time, etc. Siwaak is cleansing for the mouth, which means that it should definitely be used when the mouth needs cleaning.
When going to the mosque. Using siwaak is part of the adornment which we are commanded to wear for every prayer, as Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): O Children of Aadam! Take your adornment while praying [al-Araaf 7:31]. It is also important because the angels are present in the mosque, and one is going to meet with other worshippers there.
When reading Quraan and joining gatherings in which Allaah is remembered (dhikr), because the angels are present on such occasions.
Using siwaak when fasting
The scholars (may Allaah have mercy on them) are agreed that there is nothing wrong with using siwaak during the day when one is fasting, but they differed with regard to using it after noon, which some of them disliked (regarded as makrooh). The correct view is that it is sunnah for one who is fasting, just as it is for anyone else, because of the general sense of the reports which prove that it is sunnah. The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) did not make any exceptions or state any specific time, and a statement that is general in nature should continue to be taken as general unless there is evidence to indicate that it is specific in application. The hadeeth used as evidence to forbid using siwaak after noon is attributed to Ali ibn Abi Taalib (may Allaah be pleased with him), who is quoted as saying that the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said, When you fast, use siwaak in the morning but do not use it in the afternoon.(Reported by al-Daaraqutni. This is a daeef (weak) hadeeth. Ibn Hajar said, in al-Talkhees al-Habeer, 1/62: a daeef (weak) isnaad). There is no proof that this can be attributed to the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). With regard to the use of the hadeeth The odour that comes from the mouth of the fasting person is better in the sight of Allaah than the scent of musk (reported by al-Bukhaari, 2/29 and Muslim, 2/806) as evidence, this mouth odour will not be dispelled by use of siwaak because it is caused by the stomach being empty, and it could occur early in the day if a person has not eaten suhoor. All the scholars are agreed that it is permissible for a fasting person to use siwaak early in the day. This shows that use of siwaak is encouraged even when fasting, and there is no difference between using it early in the day or later on.
What should be used for siwaak (cleaning the mouth)
The scholars are agreed that the best thing for cleaning the mouth is the twigs of the araak tree, because of its good smell, and because it has brush-like fibres which are effective for cleaning food particles etc. from between the teeth, and because of the hadeeth of Abd-Allaah ibn Masood (may Allaah be pleased with him) who said: I used to gather siwaak sticks from the araak tree for the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him).(Reported by Ahmad, 3991; its isnaad is hasan, see al-Irwa 1/104).
If araak twigs are not available, the scholars recommended using palm-leaf stalks, or twigs of the olive tree. The ahaadeeth that have been narrated concerning this, however, are not saheeh.
The correct view is that any kind of sticks that are cleansing and not harmful may be used instead of siwaak, if it is not available, to clean the mouth and remove dirt from the teeth. This includes modern toothbrushes which are known to be beneficial in this regard.
Things that may not be used for siwaak
The scholars have stated that it is forbidden to use poisonous sticks, things that are not taahir (pure, clean), and anything that may cause bleeding, illness or any other harm.
Attributes of siwaak
The fuqaha have described the siwaak as a stick of medium length and thickness, no thicker than ones little finger, and free of knots. It should not be so wet that it will twist, because then it will not remove dirt, nor should it be so dry that it will hurt the mouth or crack during use. No doubt this is describing the ideal, otherwise the reports do not specify any particular type of siwaak. It is permissible to use any kind of siwaak that will do the job.
How to clean the mouth with siwaak
The scholars have differed as to whether siwaak should be done with the right hand or the left hand. One group the majority think that it is better to use the right hand, because of the general meaning of the hadeeth narrated by Aaishah (may Allaah be pleased with her), who said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) liked to start with the right when putting on his shoes, dismounting (from his camel), when cleaning himself, and in all things. (Agreed upon). (They also say that) siwaak is an act of worship and drawing closer to Allaah, so it should not be done with the left hand.
Other scholars say that it is better to use the left hand for siwaak, because it comes under the heading of removing dirt. This is the well-known opinion of Imaam Ahmads madhhab, and it is the view favoured by Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah, may Allaah have mercy on him.
Some scholars have said that when a person is using siwaak with the intention of following the sunnah, he should use his right hand, and if he is doing it to remove dirt, he should use his left hand. The fact of the matter is that this issue is open, as there is no definitive daleel or report, and every opinion has a valid point.
The fuqaha suggested that when using siwaak, a person should start on the right, and use a side-to-side motion rather than up-and-down, as the latter may harm the gums. Among the etiquette of using siwaak, they mentioned the following:
That a person should not use the siwaak in front of others or in public, because this is impolite.
That the siwaak should be washed after use, to get rid of any dirt that may be on it. Aaishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said: The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to use siwaak, then he would give it to me to wash it. I would use it first, then wash it and give it back to him. (Reported by Abu Dawood, 1/45).
The siwaak should be kept in a clean place.
Using ones fingers to clean one's mouth
The scholars differ as to whether it is acceptable to use ones fingers to clean ones mouth when there is nothing else available. The correct view is that using the fingers cannot be considered as a substitute for the sunnah action, because there is no basis in Islam for doing so, and this method does not clean the mouth as a siwaak or similar instrument does. Modern methods of cleaning the teeth, like toothbrushes and so on, that remove dirt and make the mouth smell good, are acceptable.
There is nothing wrong with using siwaak that is flavoured with mint, lemon and so on, so long as they do not cause any harm. But a person who is fasting should avoid using any flavoured siwaak, and should only use natural siwaak when he is fasting.
And Allaah knows best.
Lisaan al-Arab (definition of sawaka); al-Majmoo lil-Nawawi, 1/269; Nihaayat al-Muhtaaj lil-Ramli, 1/162; Haashiyat Ibn Aabineen, 1/78; Nayl al-Awtaar lil-Shawkaani, 1/24; al-Mughni li Ibn Qudaamah, 1/78; al-Futoohaat al-Rabaaniyah ala adhkaar al-Nawawi li Ibn Allaan, 3/256; al-Sharh al-Mumti lil-Shaykh Ibn Uthaymeen, 1/137) | <urn:uuid:a66e787b-1c34-433a-9d03-f159d62f7b97> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://islamqa.com/en/answers/2577/what-is-the-sunnah-with-regard-to-siwaak | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.955617 | 2,564 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Would you pay $4.4 million to a bad actor to release your data from a ransomware attack as Colonial Pipeline did? Even if you don’t, you will be facing significant costs from business disruption as your organization recovers from an outage and restores its data. That’s what happened at the Republic of Ireland’s national health service.
These recent ransomware attacks are reminders that bad actors are working relentlessly. At the same time, it’s getting harder and harder to find and hire the cybersecurity experts that can stop them. In 2021 globally, there are expected to be 3.5 million unfilled cybersecurity jobs. With attacks on the rise and few experts available to man the ramparts, the situation may feel hopeless.
Except that it’s not. Managed detection and response (MDR), a cloud-based service that combines technology with human expertise, helps organizations protect their data. MDR enables you to stop threats – including ransomware – before they interrupt business operations. By detecting threats quickly, often in just 30 minutes, MDR cuts dwell time, greatly reducing the possibility of damage.
Deep expertise when you need it
How is it possible for an MDR service provider to hire hard-to-find experts and apply their expertise efficiently? As a service focusing exclusively on cybersecurity, OpenText MDR hires and retains cybersecurity experts who have 15 years of experience or more. By pairing their expertise with best-of-breed technologies, OpenText MDR can put them to work investigating breaches and analyzing malware at your organization. OpenText combines human “eye on glass” observation and judgment with automation to cut through the plethora of alerts and false positives, reducing the “noise” by 97%.
OpenText MDR AI algorithms examine traffic patterns in search of unusual behavior, feeding the results to security information and event management (SIEM) and security orchestration, automation and response (SOAR) consoles. You also get digital forensic and incident response (DFIR), which enables you to remediate threats rapidly and return to operations in a trusted state, while performing root-cause analysis.
Although the OpenText MDR virtual security operations center (VSOC) protects the data of many companies, it does so individually, by tuning its AI algorithms to each company’s traffic patterns and data sensitivity. In this way, OpenText MDR VSOC gains economies of scale, while maintaining focus on the unique needs of each customer.
Is all this as simple as flipping a switch? Almost. All that’s needed is OpenText MDR agent software for endpoints (including IoT devices) and a lightweight VMware proxy server. Once deployed, OpenText MDR enables your internal teams to focus on operational priorities such as prevention, rather than the laborious tasks of detection and response.
Forget about trying to outbid other organizations for scarce cybersecurity talent. In the battle with the bad guys, OpenText MDR puts cybersecurity experts on your side.
For more information, visit: https://www.opentext.com/products-and-solutions/services/consulting-services/security-services | <urn:uuid:b3b93379-c1a4-42fe-9de0-77200e0da7f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cio.com/article/191811/why-the-cybersecurity-skills-gap-need-not-leave-your-data-exposed.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.919868 | 644 | 2.046875 | 2 |
China’s central bank is believed to be sitting on a fair chunk of Canadian change.
While analysts don’t know for certain, they are making deductions from the latest International Monetary Fund report on reserve currencies held by central banks.
That report, which tallied the holdings as they stood at the end of the second quarter, for the first time included part of China’s official reserves.
And what it showed was a marked jump in the British pound and the Canadian and Australian dollars.
When you put it all together, the addition of China appears to account for a good part of the change in overall holdings, in turn hinting at a “preference” for those three currencies, said Shaun Osborne, Bank of Nova Scotia’s chief foreign exchange strategist.
This week’s quarterly IMF report, known as the currency composition of official foreign exchange reserves, or COFER, showed an almost 32-per-cent surge in allocations of the pound, to $312.8-billion (U.S.), or 4.7 per cent of the total.
Overall holdings of Canadian dollars jumped by more than 13 per cent, to $127.7-billion or 1.9 per cent of the total. And those of the Australian dollar shot up almost 21 per cent, to $126.8-billion or 1.9 per cent.
Those are “significant changes” for the three currencies in question, Mr. Osborne said.
The U.S. dollar is still by far the reserve currency of choice, followed by the euro, the pound and the yen.
Which makes the Canadian dollar the fifth largest, with Australia’s currency trailing close behind.
While there could of course be other reasons for all this, it’s a pretty safe bet that Beijing’s reporting played a key role, and it’s clear that the People’s Bank of China is sitting on billions of Canadian dollars, based on the jump and general allocation of total reserves.
“The quarterly flows are harder to judge this time around as, for the first time ever, China is reporting the currency breakdown of ‘a representative portfolio on a partial basis,’ ” said Royal Bank of Canada senior currency strategist Elsa Lignos.
“That means a portion of China’s reserves which were previously all ‘unallocated’ (currency breakdown unknown) are now included in the allocated group,” she added, highlighting the increase in overall holdings of the pound, known among strategists by its symbol, GBP.
“So either (1) reserve managers were big buyers of GBP in Q2 or (2) China has always had a significantly higher stock of GBP in its reserves than other central banks. The size of the GBP flow relative to previous quarters suggests the second explanation is at least partly responsible.”
Bipan Rai, director of foreign exchange and macro strategy at CIBC World Markets, estimated what the Chinese holdings look like based on previous data.
The holdings of U.S. currency weren’t surprising, he said, but noted that China appears to have more pounds and Australian assets that other central banks, and less European and Japanese money than would be expected.
Also “somewhat surprising” is that Canadian dollar holdings appear to be larger in China than the yen or the Swiss franc.
Mr. Rai also addressed the question of whether there could be pressure on the pound and the Canadian and Australian dollars, given that China has been depleting its reserve because of a capital outflow.
“Not so fast,” he said.
“If the capital outflow (and also the subsequent demand for foreign assets) is in the same proportion as our estimate of China’s official reserve allocation, then we expect no material change change.”
Jobs market lags
America’s labour market is showing signs of lagging, fuelilng speculation over when the U.S. central bank will begin hiking interest rates.
The U.S. economy churned out just 142,000 jobs in September, well below what was expected, according to the Labor Department today.
Not only that, but the government also revised down its August estimates, to show a gain of just 136,000 positions.
The jobless rate remained the same, at 5.1 per cent.
“If there was even a chance of an October move before today, that’s pretty much gone now,” said Andrew Grantham of CIBC World Markets, referring to when the Federal Reserve might hike its benchmark rate.
Stocks slipped today in the wake of the U.S. jobs report.
Tokyo’s Nikkei only inched up, while Hong Kong’s Hang Seng surged 3.2 per cent. Chinese markets were closed.
In Europe, London’s FTSE 100, Germany’s DAX and the Paris CAC 40 sank, having been well up earlier in the morning.
North American stocks also fell sharply. | <urn:uuid:d35de227-d90d-4119-8390-129df61db124> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/top-business-stories/china-likely-sitting-on-billions-of-canadian-dollars/article26619065/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.955904 | 1,068 | 1.835938 | 2 |
In an emotional speech after the Grand Jury decision in Ferguson, Rapper and Activist Killer Mike from Run The Jewels broke down on stage and it seems to have inspired Banksy in his latest Art project.
Banksy interviewed Run The Jewels in the Guardian ahead of their appearance at DismaLand and talked about how Killer Mike’s video on YouTube had made him cry, Killer Mike responded “It is scary to think a system exists that wishes not to see all people live with human dignity and respect. I did, however, finish feeling encouraged that day will come.”
It is about poverty, it is about greed
In the YouTube video that Banksy referred to, Killer Mike spoke emotionally about not just bringing out the race card “We will not live in fear, we’re not gonna keep playing that race card, we know you don’t value you my skin… It is not about race, it is not about class, it is not about colour, it is about what they killed him for – it is about poverty, it is about greed and it is about a war machine”.
Killer Mike spoke in more detail about the situation in the U.S on CNN last year and has been an inspiration to many other groups and activists including the original “Black CNN” – Public Enemy. Chuck D also spoke about Killer Mike as an inspiration for their recent album.
Run The Jewels will appear at Reading & Leeds Festival ahead of their performance at Banksy’s Dismaland, Weston-super-Mare, on 4 September | <urn:uuid:e3d3628c-f506-4513-835c-7ec458ebf0e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nationbillions.com/run-the-jewels-to-perform-at-banksys-dismaland | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.968839 | 328 | 1.875 | 2 |
Help I Found a Wild Animal!
Have you found an animal that has obvious injuries or is in immediate peril? Do not give any food or water as this can be harmful to the animal. Keep warm, dark and quiet and away from other animals and people. Transfer to your nearest rehab facility as soon as possible. | <urn:uuid:d1cf5ec0-bac7-4d14-8361-7ea0e7d0c109> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://folsomzoofriends.org/wildlife/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.969046 | 64 | 1.539063 | 2 |
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) refers to an extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), used to make the communication between a server and browser properly secured. It’s a crucial part of the internet that is used for both authenticating an accessed website, and also protecting the integrity and privacy of data exchanged during transit. You can trust it, right?
Unfortunately, as with many critical pieces of internet infrastructure, bad actors are constantly on the lookout for ways they can exploit the good intentions behind HTTPS as a way to cause damage. While HTTPS is the industry standard when it comes to encryption and data protection in transit, it’s not a foolproof solution when it comes to cracking down on bad actors. Malware is able to be transmitted and encrypted with just as much ease as genuine, legitimate files. Picture it like streets in a city: They can be used by emergency services, such as police or ambulances, to help people — but they can also be used by criminals. If, in the case of HTTPS, organizations fail to inspect encrypted traffic, they can leave themselves open to attack.
The problem is also getting worse, not better. This failure by organizations has helped result in a big rise in the number of attacks exploiting HTTPS. For those without the right protective measures, such as a web application firewall (WAF), the effects can be extremely devastating.
From malware to browser exploits
Many types of traffic can make use of HTTPS. The overwhelming majority of attacks that utilize encrypted channels are malware (which can, itself, take multiple forms — such as Ransomware or data exfiltration attempts — depending on what the attacker wants to achieve with it.)
But it could also be used for transmitting ad spyware, phishing attempts, cryptomining attacks (in which machines are taken over for use mining for cryptocurrency), botnets, XSS (cross-site scripting) attacks, webspam, browser exploits, anonymizer attacks, and more.
According to one recent report, HTTPS threats have increased more than 314 percent between January and September this year. In the previous year, threats increased nearly 260 percent, showcasing that 2021’s terrifying activity spike is far from an isolated scenario. Attacks vary depending on industry, with the greatest increase in attack rates being the 23x increase targeting tech companies. These make up more than half of attacks. Other sectors commonly targeted include manufacturing, retail and wholesale, finance and insurance, government, healthcare, and education.
Failure to inspect traffic properly
HTTPS does protect against certain malicious cyber attacks. For example, it safeguards against man-in-the-middle attacks, whereby an attacker inserts themselves into the communication between two parties, enabling them to carry out eavesdropping and possible data tampering. However, it can also be used by attackers to their advantage.
As already noted, many organizations don’t properly inspect encrypted traffic. Part of the reason for this is that encrypted files are more difficult to fingerprint than unencrypted files, meaning that they can more easily evade detection by security teams. Another explanation for not all security teams performing the proper HTTPS introspection comes down to how computationally intensive it can be. Attempts to carry this out at sufficient scale using legacy hardware security tools is virtually impossible. Inspection of HTTPS traffic can also create privacy issues if personal traffic is included in encrypted traffic.
Organizations that are aware of this threat need to ensure that they protect against encrypted exploits. The risk of data being stolen, computer systems being taken over, or myriad other potential “worst case scenario” situations is simply too bad to ignore — and getting worse all the time. It’s high time that organizations rethought their security posture in a way that protects against HTTPS exploits that seek to harm them, regardless of which industry or sector they are operating in.
Invest in the right tools for the job
One valuable tool to have in their arsenal is a web application firewall (WAF) or another firewall that’s able to perform TLS introspection to protect against encrypted malware. WAFs play a critical role when it comes to putting together a comprehensive, fool-proof Web Application and API Protection (WAAP) stack, designed to secure from edge to database. It means that users receive only the traffic that they want to receive. It’s the kind of technology that’s an essential piece of the puzzle to have in a world in which cyber attacks continue to plumb new depths in terms of the damage they can cause.
The best time to have invested in these tools would have been yesterday. Failing that, acting now is the second-best option available to you. It’s far better to invest in them prior to an attack, rather than having to deal with the consequences after the worst happens.
After all, there’s a whole industry of bad actors working overtime to ensure that the “worst that can happen” is even worse than you can possibly imagine. | <urn:uuid:2ddc887f-8285-4399-8a4d-35d361ca7373> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.blizg.com/the-growing-threat-of-encrypted-attacks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.953707 | 1,015 | 3.234375 | 3 |
With 169,000 hectares of space, and Victoria’s 4th largest national park. There are plenty of places to explore in the Grampians.
Down in Victoria Range, you will find Hollow Cave & Red Cave.
Don’t expect however an easy bushwalk. With no marked path, you will have to bush bash your way around to find these hidden gems.
To get to Hollow Cave & Red Cave, park at the Buandik campground.
From there, an informal walking track ascends from the south side of Goat Track.
This area was burnt in the 2013 bushfire. The regrowth makes it difficult to navigate.
Look out for pink tags on tree branches and rocks. Even then you will wander off course.
Allow approximate 3-5 hours return depending on weather conditions, for this 5km return trek.
Not to be confused with Hollow Mountain in the Northern Grampians, Hollow Cave can be located approximately 1km from the Buandik campground.
The southerly winds have eroded the brittle sandstone over millennia, causing it to hollow out, and thus getting its name.
While hiking to Hollow Cave we stumbled upon the original Billy & Red Geocache. It was UV damaged, cracked, and waterlogged. So we took the original log and put it in its replacement log.
We believe that it’s either fallen due to the windy conditions at the top, or someone has tossed it.
From the cache location, you see our next destination; Red Cave.
Before tackling our next destination we stopped for lunch inside Hollow Cave, soaked in the views of the Victoria Range and the cave itself, before deciding which would be the better way to traverse to Red Cave.
Approximately 700m from Hollow Cave is Red Cave.
700m doesn’t seem that far, but it is one serious bush bash and lots of rock hopping and climbing to get to Red Cave.
The view and experience from the top make the hike well worth it.
While I didn’t see any snakes, I did get bitten by a jumping jack. Those little buggers hurt, so do take caution.
There are many ways to get to Red Cave. You could do a vertical climb if rock climbing is your thing. Or you could do what we did and take a slightly more sensible, but longer route, following the ridge line.
Not for the faint-hearted, to get access to Red cave, we had to crawl / bum shuffle along what we like to call “the ledge”.
Just don’t look down. Once past the dreaded ‘ledge’, it’s only a short rock hop to the cave.
Red Cave gets its name due to the oxidization of the iron content in the sandstone. This causes it to have a red/orange appearance.
Approximately 2-3 times the size of Hollow Cave, Red Cave is more sheltered from the southerly winds, and has a lot more goat poo.
While visiting here, don’t forget to sign your name to the Yawning Red Giant log book, if you know where to look that is.
I’m glad Tom and I took the time to do explore these two caves, the experience was worth every bruise, cut, and bite. | <urn:uuid:1b36b056-1b1e-45e8-8c67-954f867efb43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://matildaiglesias.com/2017/01/16/hollow-cave-red-cave-grampians-national-park/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.94193 | 701 | 1.710938 | 2 |
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Once you save your game, avoid saving it onto the same slot. Every every so often, put it in a new one. There could also be a time when you want to return to the game and do one thing new. This feature shall be closed to you for those who just save your game in one slot all the way by.
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Once https://www.sportsblog.com/search?search=online+games enters middle faculty, you might give them a bit of more freedom with regards to video games. Nevertheless, it is very important still be aware, particularly in the case of multiplayer video games. Hear to make sure the language is appropriate. If not, take off the choice for online play.
Take the plunge into the pre-owned video game market. Many gamers will buy a game and finish the sport quite rapidly. Many stores permit these games to be traded in and then sell them at a lowered cost. This could be the most cost-effective method for you to get newer games with out the high cost.
Concentrate to how a lot money your teenager is spending on video games. These merchandise aren’t low-cost and there is commonly the choice of buying extra add-ons inside the game itself. Set monthly and yearly limits on the amount of money that may be spent on video video games. Also, have conversations along with your youngsters about budgeting.
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At this time a lot of the most well-liked and gratifying video games on the market can be found free-of-charge. Be aware that developers rarely produce these video games out of the goodness of their hearts. Work out where they intend to make a revenue, i.e., how the sport encourages you to spend cash. Whether or Video Game Ideas You can Financial institution On are worth your cash is your individual choice, but it is best to understand the mechanism that’s supposed to make the game profitable.
Get walkthroughs in your game earlier than you begin. This manner, you’ll discover that you have the walkthrough accessible while you want it. You won’t need to stop your sport and seek for the most effective walkthroughs within the heat of play. You ought to be able to find one or two actually nice walkthroughs and have them able to entry during play.
Ask buddies for recommendations. Higher but, think of asking their youngsters! You should be capable to search out the gaming aficionados in your social teams, so use them to your advantage. Your friends know you and you belief their opinions, so you need to be capable to more simply choose new video games to play from their suggestions.
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Place the garment in the dryer, if recommended on the care label, only after you're sure the adhesive-r… I love to blog about daily life events and the things that can make a difference to life. We truly hope you find value on our blog, and are here to help if you have any questions! Here are your solutions for how to remove dried glue from fabric. It’s extremely basic. Elmer's Glue is water soluble, which means it dissolves on contact with water. Start by flooding the area with cold water. We used vinegar to dissolve slime, and it’s been proven effective in both clothing and hair as well!. If you are lucky, the glue will pull clean away. It’s important to know what type of glue was used on the fabric and make sure that you don’t totally destroy the fabric in the process of removing the glue. It’s critical you do leave the paste to dry, as cleaning in wet form can cause more problems. You will still have to clean the garment several times, but you can do it at your convenience and in the comfort of your own home. If it is the heat-bonding type of glue, you can place a clean strip of cotton (terry cloth or a piece of an old sheet) over the glued section of the fabric and press lightly with a very hot iron. Apply the nail clean to a bit of cotton fleece, and tenderly wipe your stain. You can easily use these methods for how to remove dried glue from fabric. You’ll also need to remove the trap without further inconveniences. Once the glue has absorbed the water, its bond will loosen. We are a group of creatives with a passion for sharing our knowledge. Then, soak your glue-stained clothing in cold water for 10 – 15 minutes. If there are any remaining glue deposits, repeat step 2 using ammonia in place of white wine vinegar. In any case, it is very runny, and has an inclination to get wherever – kids spill it on themselves, plunge their elbows in it, and even sit in puddles of it, leaving a pleasant sticky stain on the back of their pants. ; If the item resists, pour some of the acetone on the stain with the help of the cotton swab. Do not use nail polish remover on color dyed fabric because it will remove the color as well as the glue. If you don’t want the entire dry cleaning kit, buy just the dry cleaning solution on its own. Rather, you’ll require something a little more grounded – yet bring specific care with sensitive textures. This isn’t a brisk procedure, as the CH3)2CO will just evacuate one layer of the paste at any given moment, so you’ll have to continue onward. Slide the tool or fingernail underneath the clump of glue and gently push or wiggle until it loosens. Use a clean swab as the glue is transferred and keep working until all traces of the glue are gone. Best policy is to be careful using the glue in the first place, and if you do get some on your clothes, wipe it off quickly, using a damp cloth. Here are some more tried and true methods people have discovered over the years for getting fabric glue off of clothing. For wood, you can use virgin olive oil instead of nail polish remover. Be careful not to rip or otherwise damage the fabric as you do this. Press lightly, never applying excessive pressure, and never holding the iron in one place for more than a split second. This helps soften any remaining slime and lets the detergent really work on the stain. Wait for the glue to soften, then pull the cotton ball away. Whichever tool you use, the method is the same. Super glue stains is a tough stains for clothes. Any left over stains and residual glue spots can be scraped off with an old stiff toothbrush and some laundry soap. 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Titebond liquid Hide glue by wetting the glue with a stiff bristled brush like fingernail..., blot with a few little specks of fabric glue, you might need to let the paste! A group of creatives with a few drops of water as cleaning in form! Of creatives with a clean swab as the item in cold water and a towel, take two parts soda... For much longer than 10 minutes ) boiling water softens PVA adhesive and clean! It ’ s how to remove the softened glue wouldn ’ t cut it with Rhinestones, 7 best Looms. | <urn:uuid:1028b246-a798-4854-9af9-40e1cd365904> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://myperiodictable.us/wp-content/themes/tkrtxuyllv/vtor2/page.php?tag=07eb88-remove-elmer%27s-glue-from-clothes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.937632 | 2,810 | 1.867188 | 2 |
the reason for which something exists or is done, made, used, etc.
an intended or desired result; end; aim; goal
As the Engineer waits to hear back from grad schools and I wait to hear what part of the country I’ll be living in come September, I itch to start a job search. But not just any job search. At the risk of sounding like An Entitled Millennial, I admit that I want a job that gives me a sense of purpose. I wouldn’t mind working as a waitress, a barista, a data entry person – at least, not at first. There are many necessary jobs that make our society run smoothly in the ways that we are used to, and I respect the people who fulfill those needs.
But it turns out that I am the kind of person who, if she is unsatisfied in her job, is unsatisfied in general.
I blame some of this on my brain’s deeply entrenched habits. I’m already much better at exaggerating negative emotions, consequences, and difficulties than celebrating and remembering victories and little happy things. And if I spend a week writing down good things for my Gratitude Jar and journaling every night and Naming and Recognizing My Emotions, I do notice that life is not quite as Blah as it seemed the week before. So I do try to do that.
The problem continues, however, when I try to make my job relate too closely to my passion. I have already figured out that I don’t want writing to be my career in a traditional sense
, at least not now, so I thought working at the Writing Center would be a good way to earn money while sticking close to the field that already provides me with a sense of purpose. So I spend several hours a day showing students how to better put words into sentences, and then I come home and I open my laptop and I open my own Work In Progress…and the last thing I want to do is put words into sentences.
I read an article in a magazine a while back about the concept of “reservoirs of energy.” The gist was that everyone has three reservoirs: Mental, Emotional, and Physical. A full day at work might deplete your Mental reservoir, so coming home and being asked to figure out what the heck is wrong with the refrigerator because it’s making that high-pitched noise again is only going to demand Mental energy from an empty reservoir, making you feel more exhausted. The trick is recognizing activities that might drain one reservoir and not pushing yourself past your limit in using that type of energy; for instance, you might exercise after work because your Physical energy is still nearly full, giving your Mental and Emotional energy a chance to refill in time for dinner with your family.
I think working too closely with writing on a daily basis does something similar. I think it depletes my Writing Energy (more probably just Mental energy, but humor me). This, of course, wouldn’t be a problem if my job were only focused on my own writing projects, where I could finish the day tired but satisfied at a job well done. But right now, I’m so focused on helping other people with their writing that I still feel dissatisfied with my day’s work because I so rarely manage to make progress on my own projects.
C.S. Lewis wrote, “A vocation is a terrible thing.” He was talking about the call to one day join God in Heaven, to go through the difficult work of preparing for that kind of relationship, but I think the quote applies equally to those of us who know what we are meant to do on this earth but don’t know how, exactly, to go about it.
Writing, it has long been clear to me, is my God-given purpose. It is “the reason for which [this person, Grace] exists.” But while this gives me a long term goal, a desired result for my life (fantasy books, and maybe a historical fiction or two), and though I have been determined and resolute in this goal for years (despite every unoriginal snarky comment in the book), that leaves a bit of a gap in my daily life. Because I’m still trying to figure out how, exactly, I’m supposed to find a job that gives me a Daily Sense of Purpose without sapping energy from my Big Picture Purpose. | <urn:uuid:ee788374-e712-46dc-aa8c-216c029cfa17> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://grammarchangeling.com/tag/one-word-wednesday/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.964764 | 935 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Micrometeorites are at a small scale searched after by scientists as a source of information about the history of the universe and the composition of stars. Yet they have never been considered as a source of matter. ‘As Above, So Below’ explores the potential of micrometeorites as the first rare earth metal from space.
— Kirstie van Noort & Xandra van der Eijk
‘Mankind is incapable to end capitalism,
alternatives for matter and mining have to be sought’
At the same time, crowd mining is proposed as a new method and resource. Finding it impossible to imagine the end of capitalism, mankind has to reinvent it’s purpose as hunter and collector. As precious earth metals and minerals will eventually be scattered over the earth, re-use will gain new meaning.
Urban environments will turn into potential mines and it’s inhabitants will all become mineworkers, roaming their rooftops and gardens in search of specs of potentially valuable dust.
The methodology for finding micrometeorites is based on the fact that many of them are magnetic. On a flat roof, all dirt was collected, dried and put into the oven. As the organic matter burnt, what was left was dust from which magnetic particles could be isolated with a strong magnet. Each and every particle that measured between 0.2 and 0.5 mm, was examined under the microscope.
Part of the project was to prove that meteorite matter can be used as a material. Therefor, a larger meteorite was molten down and shaped into a cubic centimeter. As alien matter has a completely different structure than earth matter, even when it is comprised of the same element, this process was precarious. Luckely we found a collaboration partner willing to take the risk, and the hypothesis was proven.
In collaboration with Kirstie van Noort. Project developed as a response to the exhibition theme ‘Harvest’, Dutch Invertuals 2017.
Exhibition images by Ronald Smits Photography. | <urn:uuid:332514dd-ffe8-491e-9fb4-4572a4ce4dce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.xandravandereijk.nl/projects/as-above-so-below | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.962561 | 418 | 3.234375 | 3 |
How to Join
We welcome any city or town in the world to commit to the Global Covenant of Mayors for Climate & Energy, regardless of size or location. Cities or local governments that want to formalize a commitment to GCoM should submit a commitment document, which must be signed by an appropriately mandated official according to local governmental procedures.
Download & sign the commitment letter template
Chose your country and select your language of preference, where available, and complete your commitment document.
Choose a country
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Send the letter to your regional/national covenant
After signing your letter, please send it to the email address displayed below.
Communicate and start planning
Communicate about your commitment to your citizens and local media!
To support you in this, we will send you a communications toolkit by email upon receiving your commitment document.
Develop citywide knowledge, goals, and plans that aim at least as high as your country’s own climate protection commitment(s) or Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the Paris Climate Agreement. With support from GCoM, global and regional networks, and other partners, you will:
- Develop a greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory
- Assess climate risks and vulnerabilities of your city
- Define ambitious climate mitigation, resilience and energy targets
- Create full climate action plans
The Global Covenant of Mayors has two official reporting platforms through which cities can share their progress:
Track & Report
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Middle East & Africa
By Zvi November
About 80 percent to 90 percent of Israeli TV, radio and print media reporting focuses on politics and politicos. Hundreds, maybe a thousand pundits publicly express their opinions on a daily and/or weekly basis. No two commentaries are the same. Very few remarks are truly neutral. Everyone has his or her biases and spin techniques. I include myself in this generalization even though I hunger for the truth. I believe in truth despite the claim that it is always debatable and relative.In addition to the large diversity of ideas regarding Israel's domestic and foreign problems, each and every Israeli has own thoughts about the country's dilemmas. With this in mind, I would like to make the following points:1. The Israeli political system is dysfunctional.2. Israel is a partyocracy overruled by the Supreme Court; a kind of pseudo-democracy. 3. Political players swear that they are dedicated to the good of the nation but their behavior is normally egotistical.4. It is wrong to categorize Israeli politics as Right vs. Left. The conflict is really between nationalists and post-Zionists supported by anti-Zionists.5. 20 percent of Israelis are Arabs. Almost all of them identify as Palestinians, fully support the Palestinian enemy's efforts to obliterate Israel militarily or at least to undermine it diplomatically. For the most part, Israel's Arabs are a fifth column within civil society. However, no mainstream public figure will ever say this because to do so would instantly elicit an accusation of racism (perhaps the most abused word in the English language today). Arabs demand rights but do absolutely nothing to help or promote Israel which they assert is merely (and unfortunately) the country of their citizenship. Every year Arabs commemorate Israel's independence as the NAKBA which means catastrophe. The Arab "minority," part and parcel of the 350,000,000 strong Arab world occasionally riots, loots, burns forests and attacks Jews when their level of Jew-hatred reaches the boiling point.6. Professor Rafael Israeli, a life-long student of Arab machinations and author of several insightful books has documented how Arab lies generate hate. And Arab hate fosters lies. It's a circular phenomenon to our detriment.7. Yisrael Medad in the Jerusalem Post on June 18, 2021 notes that everything Jews do (e.g. march with flags or visit the Temple Mount) is automatically a provocation to which Arabs must respond in force. Arabs are never aggressors: they simply respond to provocations.Small and vulnerable, Israel is surrounded by Hezbollah, Hamas, Houthis in Yemen, Iranian army personnel in Syria and Iraqi Shiite militias in Iraq as well as active antagonists like Erdogan in Turkey, Abdullah II in Jordan and the Egyptians – all of whom find it hard to tolerate Israel no matter how helpful and accommodating we try to be.Can any Israeli prime minister (young or old) really handle all these existential threats competently?To survive, Israel must remain strong with a mighty army and a well-trained effective police force. We must study war to protect ourselves and our grandchildren. Reality forces us to be realists in a world that features sham morality, abundant bigotry and palpable Jew-hatred.Footnotes1. Just finished reading A Short History of Iraq by Thabit A. Abdullah, 2011. This exceedingly bloody history begins in the year 636 when Arabs conquered Mesopotania from the Persians. Over the centuries competing Arab dynasties have waged war on one another. Additionally, the Sunni-Shiite conflict continues to this very day with each sect assassinating members of the opposing heretical camp. Abdullah briefly mentions the June 1941 pogrom of Jews in Baghdad (called FARHUD). According to the author, Jewish economic advancement during the 1930s evoked Arab jealousy. In other words, Jewish success explains (and by inference) justifies the massacre.In 1979 Saddam Husayn came to power. Show trials were organized and twenty-two of the ruthless dictator's comrades were executed while many other "lucky" potential competitors were locked up for a long time.The 2003 US invasion of Iraq is also covered. It was a tremendous fiasco for the Americans and British as well as a catastrophe for the Iraqis.2. Currently, the demand for apartments in Israel is far greater than the supply. Prices keep going up. New buildings can have 20 to 30 floors. 250,000 new vehicles join the traffic jams every year. Sometimes it is impossible to find a parking space.
|The Dome of the Rock on the Temple Mount in the Old City of Jerusalem|
"The Jordan Is Palestine" Conference
Temple Mount Violence
"Israel in Reality" by Zvi November
Reflections on History
Random Thoughts on From Afar
Reflections on the Elections
Palestinian Enmity Today
Short and to the Point
Gaza Mini-War Observations
Jew Hating Conference
The Israeli Left's Distorted Mindset
Impressions of Poland
Enemy Agenda & Israel's Ruling Intelligensia
Thinking in the Box
Israel in Reality by Zvi November
Truth and Consequences
A Country within a Country
Why Boycott 44 Cent US Postage Stamp Showing ...
Egyptian Footnotes from Zvi November
Ariel Conference for Law and Mass Media
George Orwell is Alive and Well in Israel
Different Perspective Regarding Current Crisis ...
Anatomy of a "Peace Process"
Different View on Current Crisis in US-Israel ...
Zvi November, who grew up in New York, served as a Peace Corps' teacher in rural Philippines. He also taught at Hong Kong Int'l School. He earned his diploma from Univ. of Edinburgh, his MA from Syracuse Univ, both in anthropology. Now he is an activist in Israel's Media Watch and other civic bodies. | <urn:uuid:a4bce02b-bbc2-41fe-87c4-a22d017d75d7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theseoultimes.com/ST/db/read.php?idx=14364&PHPSESSID=a1b0498bab9dedd50ef448311236d164 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.936621 | 1,255 | 1.507813 | 2 |
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