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Brexit has been a trying time for some companies, and the amount that had to make changes as a result of the vote is not insignificant. However, Microsoft’s stance has always been that nothing will change.
That has been put to the test recently, UK government affairs manager Owen Larter suggesting data center expansion could be halted. This forced the Redmond giant to make a statement on the matter, and now it’s gone one step further.
Today Microsoft has announced two new initiatives to “ensure the country remains one of the global leaders in cloud computing, artificial intelligence and other next-generation technologies.”
The program comes in two separate arms. Firstly, Microsoft will be training up to 30,000 public servants in digital skills free of charge. The idea is to encourage public sector organizations to provide more efficient and modern services.
“We believe a fourth industrial revolution is under way – one driven by the transformative power of cloud technologies,” said Cindy Rose, Microsoft UK CEO.
“In the wake of the EU referendum vote, the UK is looking at charting a new and different path to its future and Microsoft is committed, as it has been for more than 30 years, to helping the UK realise its full potential.”
The General Public
Part of that dedication is making sure UK citizens have the necessary skills. Microsoft will be providing the UK with free online digital literacy training to train citizens for a technology focused world.
“We believe maintaining the UK’s global competitiveness relies on a successful transition to a cloud-enabled economy. At Microsoft, we aim to do our part by investing back into the UK digital economy to ensure people of all ages and backgrounds are equipped with the skills necessary to thrive into the future,” added Rose.
The Redmond giant will also be launching the Cloud Skills Initiative, which will train half a million people in advanced cloud skills by 2020. This will combine with an extra 30,000 digital apprentices in the company’s existing professional networking scheme.
A particular focus of the scheme is getting more women and minority groups interested in STEM fields. It points to events like DigiGirlz, which tries to remove the stigma regarding females and technology.
You can find more information about the programs on the Microsoft News Center. | <urn:uuid:58e9f366-5725-4f4c-90a5-dc37fed74886> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://winbuzzer.com/2017/01/27/microsoft-digital-skills-programs-uk-advanced-cloud-skills-2020-xcxwbn/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.936004 | 474 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Just what is it that makes today's technologies so different, so appealing? As an artist, Brian Gibson finds himself increasingly asking the following questions:
- How can I engage with developing technologies in ways outside of the norm of entrepreneurial tech design and coding frameworks that are meaningful to me?
- Do we as individuals have the power and resources to step outside of our roles as passive users, a role which the artist Kin describes as a position of “speaking and not being heard", to find agency and ultimately a voice that is heard?
In this talk, artist Brian Gibson shares his process of taking things apart to reveal their electrical interiors, before photographing, printing and reassembling what he finds. Brian has likened his process to miniature architecture.
Brian Gibson is a practising artist and workshop facilitator who is dyslexic and has experienced childhood trauma. Brian has been involved with the arts charity Outside In for over a decade. In 2018 Gibson founded an independent art and music magazine Deviation Street, which evolved during the height of the pandemic into a digital zine. Based in Bath, Gibson is currently a resident at The Studio BSU.
This Lunchtime Talk is presented by Container - an online magazine about creative technology. Container seeks to redress the balance and raise up a messy multiplicity of voices - ones that question, dissent and explore. Based in Bristol, Container is born out of a long-term collaboration between Pervasive Media Studio and UWE Bristol’s Creative Economies Lab.
Open Studio Fridays
From 10:00 - 17:00 you can stay at the Studio for Open Studio Fridays - join us to continue the conversation or work on your own projects. The Studio provides chairs, tables, wireless and a great space. You bring what you need to work with (laptop/mobile). Tell us what you’re up to, or allow us to facilitate conversations within the resident community. Studio staff and residents will be around to chat, answer questions, or tell you more about what we do. The open afternoons close at 17:00, sometimes with a trip to the Café & Bar.
Where to find us
The Lunchtime Talks take place in the Pervasive Media Studio, which is in the Watershed building. The Studio is just beyond the Café & Bar, turn right and then go down the corridor to your left (where the toilets are). The double doors here will be open, go all the way down until you reach the Studio. A member of staff will sign you in, and check your ticket, if you have booked. | <urn:uuid:bba61385-8a2f-4ede-99c0-801484edf8dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.watershed.co.uk/whatson/11391/reworking-technology | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.945301 | 528 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Using Coded UI to test XAML-based Windows Store apps
In the last few months since Windows 8 RTM’ed, we have seen the number of apps on the Windows Store grow significantly. There are several different aspects to shipping a great app to the Store. One of these is testing your app to ensure that the bugs are flushed out and you have automated tests in place to ensure that you can make regression free enhancements to your app.
Visual Studio 2012 enabled Manual testing and Unit testing for Store apps. In the subsequent updates, we continued to enhance these features. Several customers were asking when Coded UI tests could be used for UI testing the Store apps and I am very happy to say that with Visual Studio 2013 Preview, you can now use Coded UI tests to test XAML based Windows Store apps.
So let’s take a look at what’s new and different. Additional posts will come over the next few days to take you into more details.
Writing a Coded UI test for XAML based Store app is super easy. When you install Visual Studio 2013 Preview on Windows 8.1, you will see a new template under the Windows Store node that lets you create Coded UI Test for your app.
After you create a new project, you will be shown the familiar Generate Code dialog.
A few changes to note here:
- Options related to Recording are not seen. Recording action steps is currently not supported for Store apps. Likewise, you cannot create an action recording for Store apps using MTM and use that to build your Coded UI Test. You can however continue to use the cross-hair tool on the CUIT builder to build the UIMap and generate code for controls. You will need to manually write code to perform relevant actions on these controls.
- The option to manually edit the test is now explicit. So if you do not want to use the CUIT Builder to add controls to UIMap and generate code, you can choose this option and start hand editing your test.
New specialized classes for XAML controls
Similar to the specialized classes that Coded UI test provides for testing WinForms/WPF/Web applications, we have a set of new specialized classes available that you can use for authoring the test.
These are available under the Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UITesting.WindowsRuntimeControls namespace and all controls are prefixed with Xaml. So XamlButton, XamlList, XamlFlipView etc are the specialized classes to use. WinRT controls such as the Settings charm or the tiles on the start screen are not XAML controls. So when you generate code for tests that say, want to launch an app using the tile or test the Settings charm integration, classes under the namespace Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UITesting.DirectUIControls are your friend!
And, the familiar Html* classes are available for testing scenarios that involve testing HTML content hosted inside a Webview control in the app.
Support for Touch Gestures
The store apps deliver a great experience with Touch and Coded UI test would be incomplete without supporting Touch Gestures. All touch gestures are supported and you can use the Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UITesting.Gesture class to write appropriate touch actions to act on controls of interest. For example, to Tap on a button, you can now write:
The cool thing is, you do not need a Touch monitor to be able to run tests that use these gestures. Gestures are simulated under the hood by sending appropriate messages to the input subsystem of the OS.
Of course, Mouse actions are available as well. So, for e.g., Mouse.Click and Gesture.Tap would have the same effect of triggering an action on a control and you can use them interchangeably to suit the needs of your test.
Launching an App
With the new app model introduced in Windows 8, you cannot launch a Store app using an executable path like you could in the desktop world. The same goes for launching an app via your test code. You can launch an app in two ways:
- By clicking / tapping on the app tile on start screen. Simply add the app tile as a control to the UIMap and write a Gesture.Tap or Mouse.Click action to launch the app in your test.
- By using the app Launch API. App launch API is available off the XamlWindow class and looks like the following:
XamlWindow myAppWindow = XamlWindow.Launch(stringThatIdentifiesMyApp);
where stringThatIdentifiesMyApp is the unique identifier that Windows uses to identify a Store app. You can obtain this string value by observing the app tile in CUIT builder and copy/pasting the AutomationId property of the tile control, like so:
The rest of the CUIT experience stays the same and you can continue to use the features you are familiar with. For e.g., you can add assertions using the CUIT Builder, use the HTML Logs for troubleshooting, the WaitFor* to wait for specific events during playback, data drive your CUI test just the way you could do when testing desktop apps.
Show me a sample
For those of you that have not used Coded UI test before, or want to see these new features in action on a pre-canned test, I am attaching a sample Coded UI Test project I created for testing the multiply functionality of the calculator app that ships inbox with Windows 8.1. Just download and build the project and execute the test from Test Explorer.
Alternately, if you would like to do a walkthrough by creating a simple Store app and writing a Coded UI test for that sample app, this msdn link can help you get started.
- Recording of action steps and creating Coded UI test for XAML based store apps from an action recording is not supported.
- Only XAML based store apps are supported. WinJS apps cannot be tested using Coded UI.
- The functionality is only available when Visual Studio 2013 Preview is installed on Windows 8.1. The Coded UI Test template under the Windows Store node will not be seen if Visual Studio 2013 is installed on Windows 8.
We are excited about our customers using Coded UI Test to test their XAML based store apps and look forward to hearing your feedback. | <urn:uuid:393af310-dcd1-4b90-a288-2c5988f82ffb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://devblogs.microsoft.com/devops/using-coded-ui-to-test-xaml-based-windows-store-apps/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.88185 | 1,352 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Joe Kaczynski remembers when the term “Polack” was in pretty common usage on the streets of Schenectady.
“Growing up in the ’50s and ’60s,” he said, “I was part of a big Polish community in Schenectady. You’d hear it on the street. ‘You dumb Polack.’ ”
Polack, a generally derogatory word for people of Polish descent, is a bit less common now. That’s why Kaczynski, a leader at the historically Polish congregation of the Church of Saint Adalbert, was so surprised to learn that CBS sports broadcaster and Albany resident Andrew Catalon had used it on air.
“I thought we were past that sort of thing,” he said.
During the second half of an NCAA men’s tournament game between Gonzaga and Oklahoma State on Friday, Cowboys players began fouling Gonzaga Bulldog Przemek Karnowski. The strategy was similar to one employed against now-retired NBA player Shaquille O’Neal, who had a chronic problem shooting free throws. Opposing players would intentionally foul O’Neal, which would send him to the free-throw line. When he missed, which was often, the team committing the foul had a chance to grab the ball and score points while preserving time on the clock. It was known as the “Hack-a-Shaq” defense.
Catalon called the Cowboys’ strategy against Polish-born Karnowski a “Hack-a-Polack.”
Catalon, who for years served as a local sportscaster at WNYT, has since apologized publicly and personally to Karnowski for using the word. Karnowski even tweeted graciously to smooth the whole thing over.
The situation was largely resolved over the weekend — and Kaczynski was only slightly offended to begin with.
“I don’t think Catalon knew what he was saying,” he said.
That said, Kaczynski is very familiar with the negative connotations of the slur Catalon used. Half a century ago, Kaczynski was a school kid just two generations removed from Poland. At the time, he said there was still some residual resentment between the large Italian and Polish communities of Schenectady.
Masses of immigrants from both countries came to Schenectady in the early 1900s looking for work, he said. With Italians and Poles all competing for the same jobs at General Electric and Alco, he said, the groups tossed slurs back and forth with surprising regularity.
“The thing with racial slurs, people use them to make themselves feel superior,” he added.
There was a set of slurs for Italians, too, and they sometimes still cause controversy.
Last summer, the popular Wandering Dago food truck was kicked out of a spot at the Saratoga Race Course after a few people complained about “dago,” a derogatory term for Italians.
“Every nationality has their derogatory term,” Kaczynski said.
For the Polish, that term came from a nonoffensive source. According to Mark Pastuszak, when speaking in the Polish language, the word “polak” is used to refer to a single Polish person.
“It’s basically the same word,” he said. “So it comes down to context.”
Pastuszak’s parents moved to Amsterdam from Poland in the 1970s. For years his father led the Good Shepherd Polish National Catholic Church in Amsterdam. Growing up in the ’80s and ’90s, Pastuszak heard adults in the church use the term “polak” in totally respectful ways while kids at his school shouted the same word to the opposite effect.
Years later, Pastuszak is still a member of Amsterdam’s large Polish community. While he didn’t see the sportscast in question, he said Catalon’s word choice would at least have gotten his attention had he been watching.
“I would have raised an eyebrow,” he said. “I would have wondered if I should be offended.”
These days, Kaczynski said, Polack isn’t a very common slur.
“It’s always the new people on the block that bear the brunt,” he said.
In the Capital Region, the Polish population is no longer new — there have been waves of more recent immigrants. But Polish festivals stocked with golumpki and polka bands are still common across the area. Kaczynski organizes one every year at Saint Adalbert. There are still many Polish people, but their festivals are attended by people of nearly every nationality.
For that reason, Kaczynski figured the Polish slurs from his childhood were about dead. Friday’s sportscast was more a disappointment than true grounds for offense, he said.
“Maybe in 100 more years we won’t hear that word anymore.”
More from The Daily Gazette:
Categories: Schenectady County | <urn:uuid:704705f8-b2ec-4bd6-92bc-240e03333ecd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dailygazette.com/2014/03/25/0325_slur/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.97661 | 1,093 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Of course, you can pick up a Bible and start reading Luke"s gospel on your own — and that reading is the most important part of this study. We have simply added some free resources to supplement your own reading and study, not replace it. For each chapter, we provide a reading guide, a study guide and a chapter summary.
These resources provide a three-fold approach to meaningful study of this great gospel — read, research and review — our three R"s. They provide a simple, straightforward method by which to study Luke"s gospel and make the most of your effort.
Read the text — read the entire chapter, getting a sense of what is in it
Research the text — study the details to see what they mean and how they apply
Review the text — remember the key points in the chapter
Get started → | <urn:uuid:1947392b-9e70-48c0-ab1f-d92ec839d7b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://studyluke.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.934744 | 172 | 1.960938 | 2 |
What are the opportunity costs of reducing expenditures (such as on education and social services programs), compared to the option of raising taxes? Why?.
On what basis do you make economic decisions? One potential approach is to employ the cost-benefit principle, which suggests engaging only in those actions that create an economic surplus. Considering other criteria such as opportunity costs helps you to make a rational choice. For example, when budget crises occur, local or national governments may opt to cut back on critical programs, while many others may consider raising taxes.
Post by Day 3 a 250- to 300-word statement that addresses the following:
- What are the opportunity costs of reducing expenditures (such as on education and social services programs), compared to the option of raising taxes? Why?
- Explain what you think are the rational choices in such a situation, and what other options should be considered and why.
Read a selection of your colleagues postings.
Respond by Day 6 to two or more of your colleagues postings in one or more of the following ways:
- Ask a probing question.
- Share an insight from having read your colleagues posting.
- Offer and support an opinion.
- Make a suggestion.
- Expand on your colleagues posting.
Return to this Discussion in a few days to read the responses to your initial posting. Note what you learned and the insights you gained as a result of the comments your colleagues made.
Be sure to support your work with specific citations from the Learning Resources and any additional sources. | <urn:uuid:6ba63243-7a8f-43b5-a5d6-4e3f9f6112d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://philanthropicprofessor.org/what-are-the-opportunity-costs-of-reducing-expenditures-such-as-on-education-and-social-services-programs-compared-to-the-option-of-raising-taxes-why/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.947064 | 316 | 3.25 | 3 |
rsync is a powerful file and folder synchronisation tool in linux. To read more about rsync please go through this link: http://www.zyxware.com/articles/2717/how-to-backupcopysynchronise-a-full-folder-lying-on-a-remote-server-onto-another-localremote-machine-easily-using-
As you have configured the apt-cacher-ng server, Now you have to change the directory where the packages will be downloaded. This is to ensure that you will provide a directory which has large space to store files or packages. To change the current directory to a new directory you have to the following steps. To change the path you have to edit the following configuration file
Most web developers & system administrators have to do SSH logins to WHM based servers to make the necessary changes there. The default port used for ssh logins is port 22. However there might be unusual circumstances where port 22 is not the default port. In such a scenario we need to identify the default ssh-port used by the server. If you are facing a similar situation then read on to know how to find out the current port being used by SSH on a WHM based server. | <urn:uuid:5ca7c71b-cb96-421f-a75e-0eff2039b543> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.zyxware.com/topic/networking | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.901149 | 261 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Moving mountains: Entrepreneurs at Acceleware working to reduce costs and ‘green-up’ oilsands production using RF heating
JWN · Jan 13, 2020
This article is part of a multi-part series that explores how innovation and technology are shaping the future of Canada’s oil and gas industry. The articles both stand on their own and also form part of a larger connected narrative that links important themes such as cleantech, collaboration, sustainability and economic development. In this first article, editor Deborah Jaremko dives into the story of Acceleware, where entrepreneurs believe they have the ‘holy grail’ of enhanced heavy oil and oilsands production.
Applied computational electrodynamics and RF expert Dr. Michal Okoniewski (right) co-founded Acceleware in 2004.
It’s no easy task to convince oilsands producers to experiment with a new technology, but that’s what Mike Tourigny and the team at Acceleware work on every day.
The company is advancing its radio frequency technology toward its first field test as interest grows in its demonstrated potential to dramatically reduce costs, water use and GHG emissions.
“It’s about excitement and change; the ability to have an impact that can move mountains,” Tourigny says. “The challenge is getting it into the ground. We are completely ready right now.”
Acceleware estimates its system, called RF XL, will reduce capital and operating costs of heavy oil and oilsands production by at least 40 percent compared to SAGD while eliminating water use and reducing GHG emissions by 25 – 100 percent, depending on the source of electricity.
The company’s story starts with software development. In 2004 at the University of Calgary, applied computational electrodynamics and RF expert Dr. Michal Okoniewski and three colleagues were working to develop a new medical imaging technology to detect breast cancer.
“We were using the fastest supercomputer in Alberta and it was way too slow. Then we started to think about using graphics processing units (GPUs) to branch out to do some computation,” Okoniewski says.
“We started typically in a basement somewhere and we got a couple of more guys working with us; people would sleep in the office, you know, the standard sort of story of a high-tech startup.”
What changed Acceleware’s trajectory is that early on it approached Santa Clara, California-based technology company NVIDIA with its idea to use GPUs for non-graphics applications, Okoniewski says, and “they were super interested.”
With investment and support from NVIDIA, Acceleware pioneered the use of GPUs as a computational platform. Its first product, called AxFDTD, continues to be sold to many Fortune 500 companies such as Blackberry, Samsung, LG, Nikon, Merck, Boeing and Lockheed Martin, and has since been integrated with CMG STARS to complete RF heating simulations.
“Things were developing really rapidly at the time; it was sort of on a classic Silicon Valley path. The selling point on our software was that what you could compute overnight before, you could do over coffee now because it was 50 times faster,” Okoniewski says.
“Then the 2008 financial crisis happened, and we got almost killed. The existing executive group was essentially let go and I was tasked to take the company through this tough period. We reduced the size of the company from about 80 people to about 20.”
“At the same time we realized that since we are in Calgary and there is so much understanding of oil and gas here, that we should really start to look into applying the things that we’ve come up with to the oil and gas space. We used the same ideas and the same technology to develop seismic imaging software.”
In 2010, Acceleware’s expertise in electromagnetic modelling software and seismic analysis drew the attention of a U.S.-based supermajor oil producer, Okoniewski says. That company had tested electromagnetic heating for heavy oil production in California, but had not found success.
That company is believed to be Chevron, based on a patent filed by Chevron in 2015 for an underground hydrocarbon extraction system using RF heating, in which Okoniewski is listed as an inventor.
The unnamed company “tasked us initially with a very challenging problem. They had done some experiments, and all those experiments had failed. They didn’t tell us how they failed, but they had us run simulations - do a post-mortem if you will - and find out where it would lead.
“It turned out the software we developed with CMG and the knowhow we had acquired showed results that matched what they had experienced in practice, so that perked up their interest and we started a very interesting collaboration on trying to come up with the next generation of enhanced oil recovery based on electromagnetic heating.”
Industry was approaching the concept “all wrong,” Okoniewski says. Tests of RF heating up until that point used RF generators that were very expensive and inefficient at converting electricity to RF energy. That was further complicated by the use of complex materials and components that were not able to survive deployment and operation in an oil reservoir.
“They were coming at it from the point of view of either reservoir simulation guys ignoring what electrical engineers were doing, or alternatively, electrical engineers were driving the thing, ignoring the experience of the oil operators who had been in business for years. We needed to go back to the drawing board and start with economics; come up with an idea how to do it in a way that is economically sound, but also as simple as possible.”
Around that time the Acceleware team came across transistor development at GE, and that was the beginning of RF XL technology as it stands today.
In 2016 Acceleware made a key move by partnering with GE, adopting the company’s silicon carbide semiconductor as the core of its RF XL converter platform. Okoniewski believes it will increase efficiency to as much as 99 per cent versus the roughly 70 per cent he says is typical of communications-based RF generators previously used for RF heating applications. Acceleware and the team at GE have now completed and field-tested the first RF XL generator based on the silicon carbide platform.
“RF XL changes how you deliver RF energy. Instead of a dipole antenna, it changes everything around the physics of what it is actually doing and where the energy goes. On top of that, our software helps us to refine the design and efficiency of the system,” Tourigny says.
The partnership with GE was well received by the market, which enabled Acceleware to secure funding to continue, he says. The company conducted a 1/20 scale test in 2017, which provided a general proof of concept and validated many of the design components.
In July 2018, Acceleware announced an agreement with Prosper Petroleum for a commercial field test at Prosper’s planned Rigel SAGD project north of Fort McMurray. Two months later, Acceleware signed $10 million in pilot-funding contracts with Sustainable Development Technology Canada and Emissions Reduction Alberta.
The Alberta Energy Regulator issued approval for the Rigel project in June 2018, but it has yet to receive the go-ahead from the provincial government. Correspondingly, Prosper’s regulatory application to test RF XL at Rigel has been delayed. In response, Tourigny says Acceleware is “aggressively exploring other opportunities” to provide a plan that would allow the pilot test to proceed in 2020.
The case for proving out RF XL is that it not only has potential to significantly reduce the environmental impact of heavy oil and oilsands operations, but also improve economics, says Okoniewski.
“If we can deliver oil at much lower greenhouse emissions and at the same time make it more economically viable…that’s the only way that people would actually go into this technology…but even in this case this industry is so incredibly conservative, and there is such huge inertia, that even with those benefits you find resistance in the industry to actually go and play with it,” he says.
“As with any new technology, it’s not going to be widely accepted until it is proven. We’re getting there, the momentum is building, but we will not convince anybody until we produce some oil. We just need that opportunity.”
Acceleware’s growing bank of science and test results points to success for RF XL, and the company is determined to get in the ground in 2020 to get that proof.
Next up: Inside RF XL technology - The path to producing oil using electromagnetic heating. | <urn:uuid:56f730fa-a9b0-419d-9e46-38e359b504fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.acceleware.com/news/in-the-news-media/moving-mountains-entrepreneurs-at-acceleware-working-to-reduce-costs-and-green-up-oilsands-production-using-rf-heating.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.97074 | 1,839 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Cybersecurity events are becoming increasingly rich, positive in some respects, more unfortunate in others. The health crisis has accelerated and accentuated the threat.
In France, the market is said to be extremely dynamic, both in terms of innovation and investment. To be simple, there is more talk about security and this is rather satisfying.
The increase in threats and attacks, and the number of companies suffering from cyber-attacks, have in fact helped to raise awareness and interest. In a virtuous circle, the fears generated have stimulated business opportunities and innovations.
Is cybersecurity finally becoming the major issue for our societies?
It seems that yes, this desire to secure what we have built, for fear of disappearing, of tarnishing an image, of blocking a project, is becoming more and more perceptible.
However, the question remains: do we know how to deal with the security of our information and data in a relevant and effective way? And above all, what defence strategy should we adopt, to be more effective in the face of the risks involved?
As information systems security is a field that has long remained restricted to a small number of experts, it is easy to justify the delay in maturity or the disparity in approaches.
To avoid any anxiety on this subject, it is interesting to note that this delay is now well and truly caught up.
We are now convinced that the richness of the debates of the past year, but also the increasing number of technological advances in this field, point us towards the construction of adequate methodologies, approaches and tools for true resilience.
To combine all this, we insist on the need to think strategically, to combine risk management with the possibility of an attack and all its consequences, and to organise ourselves to react better... This must be our permanent concern and our leitmotiv.
Three sources of risk are known and common to all cases of occurrence: human, software and hardware.
We have already mentioned this triptych, and our defence strategies must imperatively cover these three dimensions. To miss any one of them would be a major mistake, and one with serious consequences!
We are not powerless in the face of our vulnerabilities: a growing awareness of the risks, and an ever greater mobilisation of our attentions, will enable us to curb the risks to which we are, and will be, exposed. | <urn:uuid:44cdba26-b89b-49fe-a489-6dcfc76655f8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://reciproc-it.com/en/2021/04/23/la-cybersecurite-une-prise-de-conscience-salvatrice-mais-des-risques-qui-restent-eleves/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.959483 | 478 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Suppose that you recently acquired a considerable amount of money and want to invest in some type of business. Determine whether or not you would use crowdsourcing to determine the type of business you invest in. Predict whether the use of crowdsourcing to select your type of business would be disastrous or advantageous, and explain why or why not
https://proessaytutors.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/proessaytutors.png 0 0 Admin https://proessaytutors.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/proessaytutors.png Admin2020-08-18 15:32:272020-08-18 15:32:27Suppose that you recently acquired a considerable amount of money and want to invest in some type of business
Do you need a similar assignment done for you from scratch? We have qualified writers to help you. We assure you an A+ quality paper that is free from plagiarism. Order now for an Amazing Discount! | <urn:uuid:7efbbb7f-6ff1-4d90-92bd-6629bf480529> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://proessaytutors.com/suppose-that-you-recently-acquired-a-considerable-amount-of-money-and-want-to-invest-in-some-type-of-business/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.9333 | 212 | 2.640625 | 3 |
UK supermarket chain Iceland will trial plastic-free produce in a bid to reduce ocean plastic pollution. The retailer aims to eliminate plastic completely from its own-brand products by 2023.
The trial will launch at the frozen food giant’s Food Warehouse concept store, one of the larger stores opened by the company, in North Liverpool. The package-free, own-brand products will be priced lower than the plastic-covered counterparts, Green Business reports. Staff will be trained to assist customers with new produce weighing stations.
Sustainable options will be offered in place of plastic for loose fruit and vegetables, such as paper bags, cotton and cellulose nets, compostable punnets, and reusable, plant-based elastic bands to bundle produce like celery and green onions.
Throughout the trial, Iceland will gather customer feedback to share with the UK government.
Will Iceland Be the First Supermarket to Go Plastic-Free?
Iceland’s trial is accompanied by a new campaign, #TooCoolForPlastic. In a short video, the supermarket explains that an estimated 12 million tonnes of plastic end up in the oceans each year.
According to Iceland’s research, UK consumers believe that supermarkets need to be more socially responsible by eliminating plastic or replacing it with sustainable alternatives. The retailer aims to meet consumer demand by becoming the first mainstream supermarket in the world to make its own-brand ranges plastic-free.
“We all have a part to play in tackling the issue and Iceland is constantly looking for ways to reduce its own plastic footprint, as we work towards our commitment,” said Richard Walker, managing director of Iceland. “We are looking forward to seeing how our customers respond to the trial and taking forward learnings to inform the rest of our journey.”
Iceland has already taken steps toward reducing plastic pollution. It has removed plastic from certain produce lines at more than 900 stores, replacing it with recyclable options, like rubber bands.
Iceland isn’t the only one working toward eliminating plastic. Last month, high street retailer Marks & Spencer announced that it would trial 90 lines of package-free produce at its Tolworth location in London. The retailer also swapped barcode stickers for an eco-friendly option, eliminated 75 million pieces of cutlery, and replaced plastic straws with paper alternatives. | <urn:uuid:41866ed5-15ff-4fa5-903d-9c85c6a925fe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.livekindly.com/iceland-will-be-worlds-first-plastic-free-supermarket-by-2023/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.942147 | 479 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Bernard E. Rollin (born 1943) is an American philosopher, currently professor of philosophy, animal sciences, and biomedical sciences at Colorado State University. He specializes in animal rights and the philosophy of consciousness, and is the author of a number of books in the field.
|This article about a philosopher is a stub. You can help Wikiquote by expanding it.|
- Our treatment of animals is the last moral frontier, the ultimate test of our humanity, the mirror by which we can see most deeply into our own souls.
- "The Legal and Moral Bases of Animal Rights", in Ethics and Animals, edited by Harlan B. Miller and William H. Williams (Clifton, NJ: Humana Press, 1983), p. 118. | <urn:uuid:0eddb9a3-36ab-41a8-b699-aeabc7445a7f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.m.wikiquote.org/wiki/Bernard_Rollin | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.925913 | 165 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Address books Rhineland-Palatinate
he Rhine Province was one of the Prussian provinces that formed the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free State of Prussia from 1822 to 1946. One of the three provinces of the Grand Duchy of Hesse was Rheinhessen with the provincial capital Mainz, later the state capital of Rhineland-Palatinate.
After the Second World War Rhineland-Palatinate was formed on 30.08.1946 from:
- the southern part of the Prussian Rhine Province
- the western part of Nassau
- Rheinpfalz without the Saarpfalz district | <urn:uuid:f3a99391-0d8a-4794-a51d-ac645a4c8b81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ahnen-forscher.com/en/address-books-rhineland-palatinate/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.892416 | 149 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Sec. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Brain-aging
Forever young: SIRT3 a shield against mitochondrial meltdown, aging, and neurodegeneration
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
Caloric restriction (CR), fasting, and exercise have long been recognized for their neuroprotective and lifespan-extending properties; however, the underlying mechanisms of these phenomena remain elusive. Such extraordinary benefits might be linked to the activation of sirtuins. In mammals, the sirtuin family has seven members (SIRT1–7), which diverge in tissue distribution, subcellular localization, enzymatic activity, and targets. SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3 have deacetylase activity. Their dependence on NAD+ directly links their activity to the metabolic status of the cell. High NAD+ levels convey neuroprotective effects, possibly via activation of sirtuin family members. Mitochondrial sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) has received much attention for its role in metabolism and aging. Specific small nucleotide polymorphisms in Sirt3 are linked to increased human lifespan. SIRT3 mediates the adaptation of increased energy demand during CR, fasting, and exercise to increased production of energy equivalents. SIRT3 deacetylates and activates mitochondrial enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, amino acid metabolism, the electron transport chain, and antioxidant defenses. As a result, the mitochondrial energy metabolism increases. In addition, SIRT3 prevents apoptosis by lowering reactive oxygen species and inhibiting components of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Mitochondrial deficits associated with aging and neurodegeneration might therefore be slowed or even prevented by SIRT3 activation. In addition, upregulating SIRT3 activity by dietary supplementation of sirtuin activating compounds might promote the beneficial effects of this enzyme. The goal of this review is to summarize emerging data supporting a neuroprotective action of SIRT3 against Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Caloric restriction (CR), fasting, and exercise promote neuroprotection and extend healthy lifespan in mammals. Reducing food consumption without malnutrition extends the lifespan of rodents by up to 50% (Weindruch et al., 1986; McCay et al., 1989). Recent studies suggested these extraordinary benefits may be linked to upregulation of sirtuins.
Sirtuins were first described as NAD+-dependent type III histone deacetylases with yeast Sir2 as its founding member, silencing gene expression by histone deacetylation (Guarente and Kenyon, 2000). However, mammalian sirtuins target not only histones in the nucleus but also other proteins in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. In mammals, the sirtuin family has seven members (SIRT1–7), which differ in tissue distribution, subcellular localization, enzymatic activity, and target proteins. SIRT1, SIRT6, and SIRT7 are present in the nucleus; SIRT2 in the cytoplasm; and SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5 in mitochondria (Frye, 2000). Based on sequence homology, SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT3 belong to class I sirtuins and exhibit deacetylase activity. SIRT4 belongs to class II and has ADP-ribosylation activity; SIRT5 to class III and has demalonylation and desuccinylation activity; and SIRT6 and SIRT7 to class IV (He et al., 2012). SIRT6 has deacetylase and ADP-ribosylase activity, while SIRT7 has no reported activity.
Sirtuin enzymatic activity requires NAD+ as a cofactor whose levels increase by energy stress which occurs, e.g., during fasting, CR, and exercise. Thus, NAD+ mediates the adaptive response to low energy by activating sirtuins and their downstream targets. Sirtuins transform NAD+ to nicotinamide, which acts as a competitive inhibitor of sirtuins by a negative feedback mechanism. The other breakdown product of NAD+ is O-acetyl-ADP-ribose.
The average lifespan of humans has steadily increased as a result of advances in medicine and improved living conditions. Despite this progress, the maximum human lifespan remains constant, for reasons not entirely clear. Among the aging theories is the “free radical theory of aging” proposed by Denham Harman in the 1950s, which attempts to explain the limit on human lifespan as the result of accumulated damage to proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and organelles by free radicals (Harman, 1956; Weissman et al., 2007; Wong and Cuervo, 2010). Mitochondria are both the source and target of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells including superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radicals, and reactive nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite. Oxidative and nitrosative stress can evoke irreversible damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA. As a result, mitochondria have been linked to aging and age-related diseases (Hall et al., 2001; Singh, 2006). SIRT3 emerged as a protein of particular interest to the aging field due to its mitochondrial localization and association with exceptional long lifespan in humans (Hurst et al., 2002). SIRT3 deacetylates and activates many mitochondrial enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, amino acid metabolism, the electron transport chain (ETC), and antioxidant defenses. Neurons are especially sensitive to insults that result in energy depletion and oxidative stress (Du et al., 2003). Here, we will review the well-documented roles of SIRT3 in metabolism and antioxidant defenses, and the new evidence linking SIRT3 to neuroprotection.
SIRT3 Subcellular Localization
Although most reports indicated an exclusive mitochondrial localization of SIRT3 (Onyango et al., 2002; Shi et al., 2005; Schwer et al., 2006; Cooper and Spelbrink, 2008; Gurd et al., 2012), others have argued that SIRT3 is also present in the nucleus and cytoplasm (Scher et al., 2007; Sundaresan et al., 2008; Shulga et al., 2010; Iwahara et al., 2012). SIRT3 target proteins were identified in all three compartments: nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondrion (He et al., 2012). Thus, the localization and role of SIRT3 in different cellular compartments is a matter of considerable debate.
Within mitochondria, SIRT3 appears to be localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane cristae and the matrix (Shi et al., 2005; Schwer et al., 2006). Additional investigations are needed to determine whether SIRT3 also targets to the outer mitochondrial membrane or the intermembrane space.
Initial reports indicated that human SIRT3 is present in a full-length form and short form. Full-length SIRT3 translocates from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. Once imported into mitochondria, SIRT3 is processed to the short form (Schwer et al., 2006). Initially only the short, mitochondrial form of human SIRT3 was thought to exhibit NAD+-dependent deacetylase activity (Schwer et al., 2006). However, several reports challenged this view and demonstrated that both the full-length and short form of SIRT3 exhibit deacetylase activity. In agreement, full-length SIRT3 accumulates in the nucleus and deacetylates histones (Lombard et al., 2007). In cardiomyocytes, full-length mouse SIRT3 is present in the nucleus and cytoplasm, while the short form is only found in mitochondria (Sundaresan et al., 2008). SIRT3 deacetylates Ku-70 in the cytoplasm and thereby prevents pro-apoptotic BAX to translocate to mitochondria. In addition, three different splice variants of mouse SIRT3 were discovered (Jin et al., 2009). Two of these splice variants contain an amino-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS); however, the third form lacks the MTS (Cooper et al., 2009; Jin et al., 2009). Upon translocation to mitochondria, the MTS is cleaved by a matrix processing peptidase to produce a short form of SIRT3. Without the MTS, SIRT3 fails to translocate to mitochondria (Schwer et al., 2002).
Initial interest in SIRT3 and its role in human aging was sparked by the discovery of unique single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to centenarians (Hurst et al., 2002; Rose et al., 2003; Bellizzi et al., 2005). Males carrying the G477T transversion in exon 3 of Sirt3 are healthy and live beyond the average lifespan. However, this nucleotide transition is silent and does not alter the amino acid sequence (Rose et al., 2003). Therefore, the mechanism by which this SNP prolongs life is unknown.
The second SNP involves the variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) region within intron 5 of Sirt3 (Bellizzi et al., 2005). The specific VNTR polymorphism exhibits improved enhancer activity and increases Sirt3 expression (Bellizzi et al., 2005). Interestingly, a strong linkage disequilibrium has been observed between the VNTR and G477T polymorphism (Bellizzi et al., 2005). Thus, one can speculate that the two polymorphisms might exhibit cooperative effects. Of additional note, Sirt3 maps to a region within the short arm of chromosome 11 shared by a cluster of longevity genes, including insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), proinsulin (INS), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Therefore, it is possible that Sirt3 shares common regulatory elements with these genes (Hurst et al., 2002).
Finally, a third SNP in the coding sequence of Sirt3 has been discovered. Unlike the first two SNPs that are linked to increased lifespan, the third SNP increases the risk for age-related metabolic syndrome. The particular SNP involves an amino acid substitution in the conserved deacetylase catalytic region, resulting in lower SIRT3 deacetylase activity (Hirschey et al., 2011). Taken together, additional studies are required to investigate how the various SNPs modify human health and lifespan.
SIRT3 Tissue-Specific Expression
SIRT3 expression is highest in metabolically active tissues including the brain, heart, liver, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscle (Lombard et al., 2007; Ahn et al., 2008; Gurd et al., 2012). SIRT3 knockout (KO) mice show no obvious phenotypic changes, but are prone to age-linked diseases including metabolic syndrome, cancer, and cardiac failure (Hirschey et al., 2011). Whether SIRT3 KO mice exhibit neurological defects has yet to be elucidated. SIRT3 deletion in mice causes hyperacetylation of mitochondrial proteins and major metabolic defects. Mass spectrometry revealed that 65% of all proteins in mitochondria have at least one lysine acetylated in liver tissue of SIRT3 KO mice (Hebert et al., 2013). By contrast, SIRT4 KO and SIRT5 KO mice do not exhibit global hyperacetylation of mitochondrial proteins (Lombard et al., 2007). In fact, SIRT4 and SIRT5 have either no or only very weak NAD+-dependent deacetylase activity (Verdin et al., 2010). SIRT4 has ADP-ribosylase activity and SIRT5 has demalonylase and desuccinylase activities (Haigis et al., 2006; Du et al., 2011). Therefore, SIRT3 is the key deacetylase in mitochondria. Future studies using conditional, tissue-specific knock-in or knockout mice will establish the functions of SIRT3 in tissues such as the brain.
Energy homeostasis is a delicate balance between energy supply, use, and storage. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles and undergo constant cycles of fission and fusion. This dynamic process is modified by nutrient supply, linking cellular energy production with energy demands. For example, nutrient excess stimulates mitochondrial fission, fragmented mitochondrial morphology, and an arrest in oxygen consumption, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP synthesis. By contrast, nutrient deficiency triggers mitochondrial fusion, elongated mitochondrial morphology, and an acceleration of mitochondrial respiration and ATP production (Molina et al., 2009; Gomes and Scorrano, 2011; Rambold et al., 2011; Liesa and Shirihai, 2013). Thus, mitochondrial fission and fusion is a fine tuned process that controls the switches of energy production with energy demand, thereby maintaining homeostasis.
Mitochondrial fission and fusion is regulated by conserved large GTPases of the Dynamin family, which exert opposite functions. Fission is mediated by dynamin related protein 1 (DRP1) while fusion is controlled by optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), mitofusin 1 (MFN1), and mitofusin 2 (MFN2; Arnoult et al., 2005; Misko et al., 2010). It can be speculated whether increased SIRT1 and SIRT3 activity during CR, fasting, and exercise enhance energy metabolism by activating fusion and inhibiting fission of mitochondria. In support, sirtuin activating compounds, e.g., NAD+ and resveratrol, seem to promote a fused mitochondrial morphology. In addition, exercise promotes DRP1 phosphorylation at serine 637 by protein kinase A (PKA), a process thought to inhibit DRP1 function and decrease mitochondrial fission. Future studies are needed to investigate how mitochondrial fission/fusion GTPases are regulated by dietary changes and sirtuins.
Mitochondrial dynamics is also implicated in aging. For example, reducing mitochondrial fission by DRP1 deletion slows aging and increases lifespan of yeast (Scheckhuber et al., 2007). Similarly, DRP1 inactivation in worm enhances the positive effects of reduced insulin signaling on lifespan extension (Yang et al., 2011). Thus, promoting mitochondrial fusion correlates with longevity of these model organisms. Whether mitochondrial dynamics regulates the aging process in mammals remains to be investigated.
A balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion plays a critical role in neuronal function and survival (Knott et al., 2008). In neurons, mitochondrial dynamics is required for bioenergetic and synaptic function, Ca2+ buffering, transport of mitochondria across neurites, removal of damaged mitochondria by autophagy, and neuronal cell survival. Future studies are needed to investigate whether SIRT3 enhances neuronal survival by regulating processes such as mitochondrial fission and fusion.
SIRT3 in CR and Exercise
More than 70 years ago the lifespan-extending properties of a CR diet were demonstrated in rats (McCay et al., 1989). The details of this observation were not further explored until almost half a century later when Walford and Weindruch discovered that reducing food consumption 25–60% without malnutrition extends the lifespan of mice up to 50% (Weindruch et al., 1986). More recently, CR has been shown to inhibit neurodegeneration in animal models of both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD; Zhu et al., 1999; Mattson, 2000). A deeper look into the metabolic and cellular changes that occur during metabolic stresses such as CR may reveal the unique mechanisms by which these benefits are conferred.
During the transition from the fed to fasted state, blood glucose levels decline causing carbohydrate utilization and fatty acid synthesis to cease in the liver, while fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis are induced (McGarry and Foster, 1980). Furthermore, prolonged starvation results in increased amino acid catabolism as cells search for a new source of energy. Autophagy is also increased during nutrient stress (Kuma et al., 2004). Blocking autophagy accelerates cell death, aging, and neurodegeneration (Kuma et al., 2004; Hara et al., 2006; Komatsu et al., 2006). Interestingly, NAD+ levels greatly increase during CR in muscle and white adipose tissue (WAT), thus suggesting potential upregulation of Sirtuin activity (Chen et al., 2008).
Remarkably, SIRT3 expression levels fluctuate with diet. Numerous studies have reported CR-induced increased SIRT3 expression (Palacios et al., 2009; Tauriainen et al., 2011). For example, mice on a 12-month CR diet exhibited increased SIRT3 levels in skeletal muscle compared to mice fed ad libitum (Palacios et al., 2009). In addition, Sirt3 mRNA expression was increased in liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue of mice on a 30% CR diet (Tauriainen et al., 2011). By contrast, a chronic high fat diet (HFD) resulted in suppression of SIRT3 and elevated global mitochondrial protein acetylation (Hirschey et al., 2011). Akin to CR, exercise training in mice increased SIRT3 protein expression in cardiac and triceps muscles (Palacios et al., 2009).
SIRT3 expression is also modulated during aging. Notably, elderly individuals exhibited a 50% reduction in peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and SIRT3 protein levels in skeletal muscle compared to young subjects, regardless of activity level (Joseph et al., 2012). By contrast, another study suggested exercise training could sustain equivalent levels of SIRT3 in skeletal muscle of both young and elderly individuals (Lanza et al., 2008). Additional studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms of these observations. One possible explanation for reduced SIRT3 levels during aging may be epigenetic regulation of the Sirt3 gene promoter. Further investigation is required to determine the cause of SIRT3 downregulation during aging.
SIRT3 in Mitochondrial Biogenesis
Caloric restriction or exercise induce PGC-1α, a master regulator of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism, suppression of ROS, and stress responses (Herzig et al., 2001; Yoon et al., 2001; Palacios et al., 2009). The importance of PGC-1α in these processes is underscored by observations of PGC-1α KO mice, which exhibit many defects including obesity, neurodegeneration, cardiomyopathy, and heightened sensitivity to ROS (Lin et al., 2004; St-Pierre et al., 2006).
Interestingly, PGC-1α may play a role in controlling Sirt3 gene expression. A sequence motif in the Sirt3 promoter is recognized by the estrogen related receptor-alpha (ERRα), an orphan nuclear receptor upregulated in CR (Ranhotra, 2009). PGC-1α mediates ERRα binding to this sequence motif in the Sirt3 promoter and promotes Sirt3 gene expression. Additionally, siRNA knockdown of PGC-1α reduces SIRT3 expression (Kong et al., 2010).
SIRT3 may also upregulate PGC-1α through a positive feedback mechanism (Figure 1). SIRT3 deacetylates and activates liver kinase B1 (LKB1) in cardiomyocytes (Pillai et al., 2010). Active LKB1 phosphorylates and stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK; Woods et al., 2003). As a result, activated AMPK phosphorylates cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) leading to increased PGC-1α expression (Bergeron et al., 2001; Zong et al., 2002; Thomson et al., 2008). Moreover, AMPK can directly phosphorylate and activate PGC-1α, adding additional stimulatory mechanisms to this pathway (Jäger et al., 2007).
FIGURE 1. Cellular stress activates SIRT3. Energy deficits resulting from calorie restriction, exercise, and fasting cause the cellular AMP:ATP ratio to increase. Increased levels of AMP trigger activation of AMPK, initiating a signaling cascade promoting SIRT3 expression. SIRT3 promotes activation of antioxidant systems, fatty acid oxidation, and neuroprotection. A positive feedback mechanism is also initiated via the deacetylation and activation of LKB1 by SIRT3, further promoting activation of AMPK. AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase; CREB, cyclic AMP response element-binding protein; PGC-1α, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; LKB1, liver kinase B1; AMP, adenosine-5′-monophosphate; ATP, adenosine-5′-triphosphate.
NAD+ Levels Govern SIRT3 Activity
The rate-limiting factor of SIRT3 activity is the availability of NAD+, a required cofactor for functional deacetylase activity of the enzyme. Interestingly, the ratio of NAD+ to NADH is directly linked to cellular energy status, implicating SIRT3 as a key metabolic sensor (Kim et al., 2006). SIRT3 reacts with NAD+ and an acetylated protein substrate to produce nicotinamide (NAM), O-acetyl ADP ribose, and the deacetylated substrate (Onyango et al., 2002). Recycling of NAM to NAD+ is facilitated by nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt), also known as visfatin (Rongvaux et al., 2002). Interestingly, Nampt expression increases upon fasting, thus further enhancing the activity of SIRT3 in mitochondria by almost doubling the local NAD+ concentration (Yang et al., 2007). By contrast, surplus energy, as is available under a HFD, reduces the NAD+/NADH ratio and thereby inadvertently decreases SIRT3 function (Kim et al., 2011a).
Aside from the sirtuins, a major consumer of NAD+ in the cell is poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), an enzyme involved in DNA repair. PARP1-mediated NAD+ depletion is linked with neurodegeneration (Alano et al., 2004). Furthermore, activation of PARP1 in PD models contributes to neuronal apoptosis (Outeiro et al., 2007). However, PARP1 is located in the nucleus, which has its own separate pool of NAD+, and therefore, its deletion may not affect SIRT3 activity in mitochondria (Bai et al., 2011). Despite this compartmentalization, the activity of PARP1 may be indirectly regulated by the antioxidant function of SIRT3. Decreases in ROS caused by SIRT3 activity may reduce DNA damage and thereby reduce PARP1-mediated consumption of NAD+.
SIRT3 Activates Antioxidant Defenses
Over 90% of cellular ROS is produced by mitochondria as electrons escape the ETC to combine with molecular O2 producing superoxide anions (; Finkel and Holbrook, 2000). Free radicals such as superoxide and H2O2 can cause considerable oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA, consequently expediting aging, cancer, and neurodegeneration (Balaban et al., 2005). Additionally, the detrimental effects of ROS become more pronounced with age due to the limits of cellular antioxidant defense systems. Mitochondrial ROS production increases in brains of aged mice (Sawada and Carlson, 1987). Similarly, as humans age there is a progressive trend toward a pro-oxidant state, perhaps as the cellular ROS defenses cannot keep pace with the steady, age-related increase in ROS production (Rebrin and Sohal, 2008). This notion is especially important for neurons that are highly susceptible to oxidative stress. Progressive ROS accumulation in neurons can result in exacerbated protein aggregation, cell death, and onset of neurodegeneration (Du et al., 2003).
The importance of ROS in aging is well illustrated by studies involving overexpression of antioxidant enzymes. In one particular study, overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) in Drosophila resulted in prolonged lifespan (Sun et al., 2002). Likewise, overexpression of catalase increased the lifespan of mice by 20% (Schriner et al., 2005). Interestingly, SIRT3 activity can reduce ROS levels by directly modulating key antioxidant enzymes, thereby acting as a shield against oxidative damage.
To date, the known antioxidant effects of SIRT3 are mediated by its interaction with MnSOD and isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2; Figure 2). MnSOD is the primary mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that converts to H2O2, which is further converted to water by catalase (Spitz and Oberley, 1989). SIRT3 directly deacetylates MnSOD in mitochondria, significantly enhancing its ability to scavenge ROS (Qiu et al., 2010; Tao et al., 2010). SIRT3 also deacetylates IDH2, causing an increase in its activity (Mailloux et al., 2007; Someya et al., 2010; Yu et al., 2012). IDH2 is an enzyme of the tricarboxylic acid cycle which produces NADPH, a molecule implicated in the regeneration of antioxidants (Figure 2). Briefly, glutathione (GSH) acts as a major antioxidant in cells, reducing thiol groups of oxidized proteins and serving as mediator of oxidative stress responses (Berndt et al., 2007). Oxidized glutathione (GSSG) can be regenerated to GSH by glutathione reductase, an enzyme that is NADPH dependent (Anderson, 1998). Enhanced activity of IDH2 by SIRT3-mediated deacetylation produces increased levels of NADPH, which in turn can increase the activity of glutathione reductase to further facilitate regeneration of GSH from GSSG (Figure 2). During aging, oxidized glutathione accumulates and alters the mitochondrial GSH to GSSG ratio. Therefore, the ratio of GSH to GSSG can be used as marker for both cellular oxidative stress and aging (Rebrin et al., 2003).
FIGURE 2. SIRT3 promotes ROS defense systems. SIRT3 deacetylates and activates MnSOD and IDH2, increasing their activity. MnSOD scavenges superoxide produced by the respiratory complexes, converting it to hydrogen peroxide which is further converted to water. Activation of IDH2 by SIRT3 increases its activity, thus producing more NADPH for use by glutathione reductase. GR converts oxidized glutathione to its reduced form, which is further used by GPX to convert the reactive hydrogen peroxide into water. O2, molecular oxygen; , superoxide; MnSOD, manganese superoxide dismutase; H2O2, hydrogen peroxide; CAT, catalase; GPX, glutathione peroxidase; GSH, reduced glutathione; GSSG, oxidized glutathione; GR, glutathione reductase; NADP+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; NADPH, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; IDH2, isocitrate dehydrogenase 2.
The relevance of SIRT3 in antioxidant defense systems is evident in studies of mice under CR conditions. Accordingly, CR prevented age-related hearing loss in mice by increasing the mitochondrial GSH:GSSG ratio in wild-type mice, but not in SIRT3 KO mice (Someya et al., 2010). In another study, CR led to decreased ROS and increased cell survival by SIRT3-mediated deacetylation and activation of MnSOD (Qiu et al., 2010).
Aging and neurodegeneration are linked with increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Transgenic mice expressing a proofreading-deficient mitochondrial polymerase gamma (Polγ), also known as mutator mice, exhibit increased mtDNA mutation rates, mitochondrial dysfunction, multisystem degeneration, and premature aging (Trifunovic et al., 2004). Remarkably, endurance exercise of the mice was able to entirely abolish the accumulation of mtDNA mutations and the premature aging phenotype (Safdar et al., 2011). The underlying mechanisms how exercise eradicates the accumulation of mtDNA mutations in these mice remain unknown. It is possible that exercise activates PGC1-α and SIRT3. Increased SIRT3 then lowers ROS-mediated mtDNA damage. Consistent with this idea, SIRT3 was recently found to directly deacetylate 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), a base excision repair enzyme located in both the nuclear and mitochondrial compartments. SIRT3 deacetylates and stabilizes OGG1, thereby promoting its capacity to repair mtDNA (Cheng et al., 2013). Furthermore, aged SIRT3 null mice exhibit increased oxidative stress and loss of mtDNA copies (Kim et al., 2010; Someya et al., 2010). It would be interesting to test in future experiments whether SIRT3 deletion in Polγ mutant mice abolishes the exercise-mediated protective effects against mtDNA mutations and premature aging.
In addition to increasing the activities of antioxidant systems such as MnSOD and IDH2, SIRT3 might also promote the transcription of oxidative stress response genes. Members of the fork head box subgroup O (FOXO) transcription factors regulate cell metabolism and the response to oxidative stress (Burgering and Kops, 2002; Accili and Arden, 2004). SIRT3 binds FoxO3a and promotes the transcription of catalase and MnSOD (Jacobs et al., 2008). In mouse cardiomyocytes SIRT3 overexpression elevates the mRNA levels of both MnSOD and catalase (Sundaresan et al., 2009). Additionally, in response to glucose restriction, FoxO3a translocates to mitochondria via an AMPK-dependent pathway. Within the mitochondrial matrix, SIRT3 deacetylates FoxO3a, allowing it to bind to mtDNA. Together, SIRT3 and FoxO3a are recruited with RNA polymerase to mtDNA and promote the upregulation of all 13 mitochondrial-encoded genes. As a result, an increase in mitochondrial respiration is observed, thus linking the AMPK–FoxO3a–SIRT3 pathway to the beneficial effects of CR in mammals (Peserico et al., 2013). Interestingly, the Foxo3a locus has previously been shown to be associated with longevity, underscoring its potential relevance in human aging (Willcox et al., 2008).
Numerous studies have documented the deleterious effects of oxidative stress on nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids; however, beneficial effects of ROS have also been reported. Therefore, lowering ROS with antioxidants may not always be advantageous and may, contrary to the general belief, accelerate as opposed to slow aging. For example, administration of antioxidant vitamin C and vitamin E severely impairs the insulin-sensitizing and beneficial effects of exercise in humans (Ristow et al., 2009). The exercise-induced expression of SOD1, MnSOD, and glutathione peroxidase 1 were prevented by these antioxidants (Gomez-Cabrera et al., 2008; Ristow et al., 2009). Thus, ROS can have both positive and negative effects on human health. How can these seemingly contracting observations be reconciled? An explanation might be found in studies of the mitohormesis.
Hormesis refers to the generally beneficial biological responses activated upon exposure to low levels of toxins or cellular stressors. Hormesis-stimulating compounds act by eliciting an adaptive stress response, which in turn conveys resistance to subsequent higher doses of the same agent (Kirkland, 2010). In one study, transient exposure of neurons to low levels of ceramide were protective against subsequent exposure to high levels of oxidative stress that would otherwise have induced cell death (Goodman and Mattson, 1996). Likewise, it can be speculated that the benefits of CR and exercise involve induction of a hormetic response (Kouda and Iki, 2010). Furthermore, protective stress response genes such as SIRT3 may be part of this hormetic response. However, the amount of agent required to produce a beneficial hormetic response may vary for each person depending on their susceptibility to that particular agent and might depend on genetic and epigenetic factors as well as age. Such a response can be visualized with an inverted U-curve or J-curve (Figure 3) specific to each stressor (Calabrese et al., 2012). These concepts of “preconditioning” or hormesis represent a helpful role for ROS promotion of a mitochondrial survival of the fittest. Low levels of ROS help select for healthy, resilient mitochondria, while inefficient, suboptimal mitochondria can be removed (Tapia, 2006).
FIGURE 3. Hormetic response curve. Within the hormetic zone, mild or moderate doses of ROS, calorie restriction, and exercise may increase stress resistance and promote cell survival by invoking transcription of stress response genes such as Sirt3. Alternatively, high levels of cellular stress can cause damaging effects leading to cell death. NOEL, no observed effect level; CR, calorie restriction; ROS, reactive oxygen species.
SIRT3 in Energy Metabolism
In the transition from the fed to fasted state many metabolic changes occur. Carbohydrate utilization in the liver ceases and fatty acid oxidation is upregulated resulting in production of acetyl-CoA (McGarry and Foster, 1980). Acetyl-CoA generated in the liver is then converted to acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone through ketogenesis in mitochondria. Ketone bodies released into the bloodstream can then be used for energy by both heart and brain tissue during starvation conditions (Laffel, 1999). Interestingly, human subjects on a short-term ketogenic diet exhibited elevated oxidative metabolism and improved ROS defense (Nazarewicz et al., 2007).
In response to low caloric intake, SIRT3 activates a vast array of proteins (Figure 4) associated with the Krebs cycle (tricarboxylic acid cycle), fatty acid oxidation, amino acid metabolism, and the ETC. To promote Krebs cycle activity, SIRT3 deacetylates and activates both IDH2 and succinate dehydrogenase A (SdhA). Interestingly, SdhA is also a component of the ETC, thus suggesting SIRT3 plays a role in increased respiratory complex II activity. In one study, SIRT3 KO mice exhibited a 30% reduction in complex II activity in BAT (Finley et al., 2011). SIRT3 also deacetylates NDUFA9, a subunit of NADH dehydrogenase (complex I), further enhancing ETC activity. In support of this idea, SIRT3 KO mice exhibited less complex I respiration activity. Furthermore, Sirt3(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells exhibited a 30% reduction in ATP levels (Ahn et al., 2008).
The use of amino acids for energy also becomes important during starvation conditions. SIRT3 deacetylates and activates glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), promoting the conversion of glutamate to α-ketoglutarate, which can enter the Krebs cycle (Schlicker et al., 2008; Verdin et al., 2010; Dong et al., 2012). Additionally, SIRT3 deacetylates and activates ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC), a critical enzyme in the urea cycle. Activation of the urea cycle could aid in amino acid catabolism during fasting conditions (Hallows et al., 2011). Remarkably, Sirt3(-/-) MEFs exhibit accumulation of many amino acids, indicating a defect in amino acid catabolism (Hebert et al., 2013).
The large amount of acetate released into the blood stream by liver cells under fasting conditions is utilized mainly by the heart and skeletal muscle. These tissues express acetyl-CoA synthetase 2 (ACS2), an enzyme which catalyzes the ligation of acetate and CoA to form acetyl-CoA for use in energy production (Fujino et al., 2001). SIRT3 directly deacetylates and activates ACS2 in mitochondria, thereby promoting this process (Hallows et al., 2006; Schwer et al., 2006). Ketone body formation is also regulated by SIRT3 during fasting. SIRT3 deacetylates 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2), elevating its activity and enhancing β-hydroxybutyrate production (Shimazu et al., 2010). Additionally, SIRT3 promotes the use of triacylglycerols in the liver by deacetylating and activating long-chain acyl co-enzyme A dehydrogenase (LCAD). Interestingly, mice lacking Sirt3 exhibit accumulation of fatty acid oxidation intermediates and triacylglycerols in the liver (Hirschey et al., 2010).
The metabolic role of SIRT3 has also been proposed to extend to processes such as regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis, steroidogenesis, and ATP synthesis. One report found that SIRT3 may associate with the mitochondrial ribosomal subunit MRPL10, thus implicating SIRT3 in regulation of mitochondrial protein synthesis (Yang et al., 2010). An interaction between SIRT3 and P450 cholesterol side chain cleavage monooxygenase (P450scc) has also been suggested. Specifically, overexpression of SIRT3 may stabilize P450scc by deacetylation, potentially connecting SIRT3 with steroidogenesis (Li et al., 2012). Additionally, potential regulation of the F1F0ATPase by SIRT3 has been proposed. A recent study demonstrated that SIRT3 binds to the oligomycin sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP), a subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase (Wu et al., 2013).
SIRT3 may also play a role in the response to consumption of ethanol. The oxidative metabolism of acetaldehyde (derived from ethanol) is facilitated by mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2), which is also an NAD+-dependent enzyme (Marchitti et al., 2008). Interestingly, significant acetylation of mitochondrial proteins is observed in liver tissues of mice fed high ethanol diets (Fritz et al., 2012). Remarkably, 30 min after acute ethanol treatment of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs), the mitochondrial NAD+/NADH ratio decreased by 65%, thus potentially limiting the activities of NAD+-dependent enzymes such as SIRT3. Additionally, a decrease in the acetylation state of ALDH2 upon overexpression of SIRT3 suggests ALDH2 is a target of SIRT3; however, additional studies must be performed to confirm this interaction (Xue et al., 2012).
Numerous reports suggest that SIRT3 may act to prevent metabolic maladies such as insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Mice fed a chronic HFD exhibit elevated global mitochondrial protein acetylation as a result of suppression of SIRT3 (Hirschey et al., 2011). This global acetylation of the mitochondrial proteome may play a role in HFD-induced liver injury (Choudhury et al., 2011). Moreover, SIRT3 KO mice exhibited impaired insulin action due to increased ROS accumulation (Jing et al., 2011). Finally, PGC-1α KO mice exhibited many metabolic defects including obesity, cardiomyopathy, and neurodegeneration (Lin et al., 2004). PGC-1α-mediated upregulation of SIRT3 may play a role in preventing such illnesses.
SIRT3 in Neuroprotection
The large ATP requirements of neurons predispose them to insults that result in energy depletion, including DNA damage, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress (Sokoloff, 1981; Du et al., 2003). Within neurons, mitochondria are the main sources of ROS and energy production, suggesting these specialized organelles are critical mediators of age-related diseases such as neurodegeneration (Singh, 2006). Surprisingly, CR reduces neurodegeneration in animal models of both PD and AD, possibly via upregulation of SIRT3 (Zhu et al., 1999; Mattson, 2000). Furthermore, overexpression of SIRT3 has been shown to significantly increase neuronal lifespan (Weir et al., 2012). The antioxidant and metabolic effects mediated by SIRT3 suggest a potential neuroprotective role through improved mitochondrial function, which subsequently results in increased neuronal survival and reduced aging effects.
The direct causes of many forms of neurodegeneration remain unknown, though insults or agents resulting in neuronal cell death are likely to play a key role. Studies in aged rat brain have revealed an age-dependent increase in both mitochondrial ROS production and cytosolic Ca2+ levels (Sawada and Carlson, 1987; Xiong et al., 2002; Toescu and Vreugdenhil, 2010). Interestingly, increased levels of ROS and Ca2+ trigger mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mtPTP) formation, an event which can lead to apoptosis and trigger neurodegeneration (Du and Yan, 2010). Briefly, the mtPTP includes the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT), and cyclophilin D (CypD). In response to ROS and increased Ca2+, binding of CypD to ANT initiates formation of a tunnel-like structure, which connects the mitochondrial matrix to the cytosol resulting in the rapid flow of NAD+ from the mitochondria to the cytosol (Lemasters et al., 2009). Within the cytosol, NAD+ is quickly hydrolyzed by multiple NADases to yield ADP-ribose and NAM (Zhang et al., 1995; Bernardi, 1999). The frequency of mtPTP formation may result in the destruction of defective mitochondria by autophagy or possibly even cell death via apoptosis (Kim et al., 2007). Recent studies suggest SIRT3 may be able to suppress mtPTP formation during aging. In response to CR, SIRT3 is upregulated and directly deacetylates CypD, preventing its association with ANT and therefore blocking mtPTP formation (Hafner et al., 2010; Shulga et al., 2010). Additionally, interaction between CypD and amyloid-β in mitochondria of AD patients has been reported. Such an interaction caused increased oxidative stress and increased mtPTP opening, triggering neurodegeneration (Du and Yan, 2010). Upregulation of SIRT3 may be able to prevent or delay this process, conveying a neuroprotective effect in AD.
Recent observations also hint at additional neuroprotective effects of SIRT3 involving regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. A defective mitochondrial fission and fusion balance affects mitochondrial transport and function, potentially leading to synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration (Knott et al., 2008). In fact, mutations in the mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1 cause dominant optic atrophy, thereby linking mitochondrial dynamics with neuronal functionality (Seo et al., 2010). In a recent study, SIRT3 was able to rescue the mitochondrial fragmentation associated with a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Specifically, spinal cord motor neurons transfected with SOD1G93A displayed an increase in round fragmented mitochondria in addition to defects in bi-directional axonal transport and increased cell death. However, co-expression with either SIRT3 or PGC-1α was able to rescue SOD1G93A-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and improve cell survival (Song et al., 2012). Interestingly, PGC-1α directly regulates mitochondrial dynamics by increasing MFN2 expression (Soriano et al., 2006). It may be that by inducing PGC-1α, ROS is decreased by the antioxidant stimulating abilities of SIRT3, while mitochondrial fusion is increased by MFN2. Additionally, PGC-1α null mice are more sensitive to the neurodegenerative effects of ROS, further identifying itself and its target genes such as Sirt3 as potential mediators of neuroprotection (St-Pierre et al., 2006).
In neurons, increased SIRT3 expression has also been reported in response to oxidative stress (Kim et al., 2011b). Furthermore, oxidative stress has been shown to upregulate β-secretase activity, an enzyme associated with AD (Tamagno et al., 2002). In a study utilizing a mouse model of AD, Sirt3 mRNA upregulation mirrored spatiotemporal amyloid-β deposition. Additionally, Sirt3 mRNA was found to be increased in human post-mortem cortex samples of AD patients (Weir et al., 2012). In this case, it may be that upregulation of SIRT3 is a compensatory mechanism in neurons to attempt to protect against the increased oxidative stress that accompanies AD development and progression.
The ability of CR to induce SIRT3 expression has been well documented. Additional stimulators of the Sirtuins have also been proposed, such as resveratrol, a polyphenol found in red wine. However, the effect of resveratrol on Sirtuin expression remains controversial. In one study, mice on a 30% CR diet exhibited increased Sirt3 mRNA levels, while treatment with resveratrol did not affect Sirt3 expression levels. In light of this finding, resveratrol may be ineffective in mimicking CR-mediated health benefits (Tauriainen et al., 2011). However, not all hope is lost for the polyphenol compounds. A recent report found that a resveratrol derivative, trans-(-)-ε-viniferin, is able to increase SIRT3 expression and provide protection in cell models of Huntington’s disease (HD). Specifically, viniferin treatment of striatal precursor cells overexpressing mutant huntingtin resulted in increased SIRT3 expression, increased the NAD+/NADH ratio, reduced intracellular ROS accumulation, and decreased acetylated MnSOD levels. Additionally, treatment with viniferin increased levels of activated AMPK and decreased acetylated LKB1, effects which were shown to require the presence of SIRT3. Thus, Sirt3 is required for viniferin-mediated neuroprotection in HD models (Fu et al., 2012).
Conclusions and Future Perspectives
The beneficial effects of SIRT3 in regulating metabolism and activating antioxidant defense systems in response to CR and exercise is apparent. Additionally, while mechanisms by which SIRT3 can provide neuroprotection are better understood, there are still some discrepancies among studies that have not been accounted for. To date, the majority of studies acknowledge the strict localization of active SIRT3 to mitochondria. Despite this, SIRT3 activity has been reported in the nucleus where it plays a role in associating with Ku-70 to help promote cell survival (Sundaresan et al., 2008). The discovery of a splice variant in mice that lacks a MTS might help explain such observations, but further experiments could help settle any disputes over SIRT3 subcellular localization. Additionally, short-term and long-term CR appear to have varying effects on SIRT3 expression (Jing et al., 2011). What should be the recommended level of CR to maximally induce SIRT3 expression? Furthermore, the decrease in SIRT3 expression with age cannot be explained. What transcriptional regulators affect expression of SIRT3 during aging and how do these factors get turned on or off over time? These questions remain unanswered and require further investigation. Finally, recent global mitochondrial protein acetylome studies have been performed, potentially identifying a myriad of exciting SIRT3 substrates that are not yet known (Hebert et al., 2013). Identification of additional bona fide SIRT3 targets will help solidify our understanding of the role of SIRT3 in neuroprotection and longevity.
It has been proposed that excessive energy intake can expose humans to oxidative consequences during the fourth and fifth decade of life, potentially leading to cognitive decline during later years (Debette et al., 2011). Conversely, CR can promote healthy aging and neuroprotection via the actions of SIRT3. However, the eating habits of the majority of Western civilization are far from conducive for induction of optimal SIRT3 expression. For this reason, molecular mimetics of CR are needed to substitute for an actual decrease in food intake. In addition, novel agents that can induce a beneficial hormetic response to promote the upregulation of stress response genes such as Sirt3 may also be of great therapeutic value, providing a means for enhancing neuroprotection and healthy aging.
Conflict of Interest Statement
The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
We thank A. Knott for editorial assistance. This work was supported by NIH grant R01 NS055193 to Ella Bossy-Wetzel.
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Keywords: SIRT3, neuroprotection, caloric restriction, aging, neurodegeneration, antioxidants, mitochondria
Citation: Kincaid B and Bossy-Wetzel E (2013) Forever young: SIRT3 a shield against mitochondrial meltdown, aging, and neurodegeneration. Front. Aging Neurosci. 5:48. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2013.00048
Received: 04 June 2013; Paper pending published: 30 June 2013;
Accepted: 21 August 2013; Published online: 06 September 2013.
Edited by:Gizem Donmez, Tufts University School of Medicine, USA
Reviewed by:Carsten Culmsee, Philipps University of Marburg, Germany
Uwe-Karsten Hanisch, University of Göttingen, Germany
Copyright © 2013 Kincaid and Bossy-Wetzel. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
*Correspondence: Ella Bossy-Wetzel, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Boulevard, Orlando, FL 32816, USA e-mail: email@example.com | <urn:uuid:e423dafb-637c-4155-96de-dfa3676ecefb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2013.00048/full | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.791443 | 19,906 | 2 | 2 |
There is black blood and white blood. There is black air and white air. And
this selfsame lie takes aim, even if by indirection, at the stifled lives of those
inflicting the harm, the lives of witting and of unwitting ignorance, and those
who must live among the stiflers, as if one of them, by all outward and visible
signs one of them, but on the reverse side of their skin lie awake in the scratchy
dark, burning to cross over. Not to become one of the harmed but to shed the
skin, you get my meaning, the tainted skin of the injuring party.
by C.D. Wright
© C.D. Wright and Copper Canyon Press, 2010.
Notes courtesy of Copper Canyon:
Investigative journalism is the poet’s realm when C.D. Wright returns to her native Arkansas and examines an explosive incident from the civil rights movement. Wright interweaves oral histories, hymns, lists, newspaper accounts, and personal memories—especially those of her incandescent mentor, Mrs. Vititow—with the voices of witnesses, neighbors, police, activists, and black students who were rounded up and detained in an empty public swimming pool. This history leaps howling off the page.
C.D. Wright has published twelve collections of poetry and prose. Reviewing her previous book, Rising, Falling, Hovering (Copper Canyon, 2008), The New York Times noted: ‘C.D. Wright belongs to a school of exactly one.’ Wright is currently the Israel J. Kapstein Professor of English at Brown University, and lives outside Providence, Rhode Island.
One With Others won the National Book Critics Circle Award and was a 2010 National Book Award Finalist. You can read a short interview with C.D. Wright here, learn more about her at this page, hear her discuss the book here, and hear her read parts of One With Others at this link.
Copper Canyon Press is a nonprofit publisher that believes poetry is vital to language and living. Since 1972, the Press has published poetry exclusively and has established an international reputation for its commitment to authors, editorial acumen, and dedication to the poetry audience. As the preeminent independent publisher of poetry, Copper Canyon Press fosters the work of emerging, established, and world-renowned poets for an expanding audience. Copper Canyon Press publishes new collections of poetry by both revered and emerging American poets, translations of classical and contemporary work from many of the world’s cultures, re-issues of out-of-print poetry classics, anthologies, and prose books about poetry. Click here to visit the Copper Canyon website.
Copyright information: please note that the copyrights of all the poems displayed on the website and sent out on the mailing list are held by the respective authors, translators or estates, and no work should be reproduced without first gaining permission from the individual publishers. | <urn:uuid:2dd3006a-b877-4eec-9826-7829494274a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://weeklypoems.brookes.ac.uk/2011/03/28/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.936049 | 610 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Disconnecting the DC Side
1. Switch off the inverter.
2. Disconnect all poles of the DC voltage in the DC main distribution or DC subdistribution . 3. Ensure that the DC switchgear in the inverter is open.
4. Ensure that no voltage is present on the load side of the DC switchgear.
5. Cover or isolate any adjacent live components.
6. Remove the protective covers over the fuses.
7. Remove all fuses and disconnection blades from all fuse holders of the inverters. Use an LV/HRC fuse extractor. | <urn:uuid:47a40f97-b94c-4da1-81f9-b503ded5be02> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://portal.solar-support.com/support/solutions/articles/36000168451-disconnecting-dc-side | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.813298 | 124 | 1.75 | 2 |
For Cinetracts ’20, twenty filmmakers and artists around the world were invited by the Wexner Center for the Arts at Ohio State University to make a 2-minute short following certain rules and capturing “the zeitgeist in your own backyard”. In this selection from the full program we find inspired, illuminating, and personal contributions by Cameron Granger, Sky Hopinka, the Karrabing Film Collective, Bouchra Khalili, Gabriel Mascaro and Apichatpong Weerasethakul – and perhaps some ways to answer Cameroonian documentarian Rosine Mbakam’s question: “What history are we going to write after this pandemic?”
The Wexner curators drew inspiration from the spirit of the original “Ciné-tracts” – initiated in France in 1968 by filmmakers including Jean-Luc Godard and Chris Marker as a way to respond rapidly to the May ’68 protest movement and the social upheaval that followed. As then, the Cinetracts ’20 artists were asked to work within artistic guidelines that gave formal and thematic unity to the project. In all of the resulting films we find creative solutions to the problem of turning our accelerating present into cinema, from Cameron Granger’s inventive use of screen recording, to Mbakam’s interrogation of the echoes of colonialism, to Apichatpong Weerasethakul’s reverie of protest.
Several of the program filmmakers sent these statements to accompany the screening:
“I made How to Disappear Completely at a time where I felt too seen, too watched, too vulnerable – the only way I knew to protect myself was to redact myself from view.”
Cameron Granger is an Ohio-based filmmaker and artist whose work includes video, installation and community-based projects.
“Karrabing would like to pay respect to our ancestors, who passed down the stories about our country and taught us to keep them strong in our hearts and practices. They have left us, but we keep them stronger keeping them with us.”
The Karrabing Film Collective is an indigenous media group based in Australia’s Northern Territories, formed by over 30 intergenerational Aboriginal artists to use filmmaking and installation as a form of grassroots resistance and self-organization.
“This pandemic reminds us that there are other pre-existing viruses that are even more virulent (social inequalities, different forms of discrimination, racism…) and that have already been undermining our society for decades. More deadly viruses, that affect people from immigrant and underprivileged social classes. Will the revolution, the desire for change that I hope is brewing in the wake of this health crisis, change the way we look at healthcare workers from an immigrant background? What history are we going to write after this pandemic?”
Cameroonian-born, Belgium-based documentarian Rosine Mbakam’s work includes the critically acclaimed The Two Faces of a Bamiléké Woman (2016) and Chez Jolie Coiffure (2018).
“I shot the film during the early days of the lockdown. The schools in this small town were closed. The nursery was busy. I shot some footage and was interested when the kids were sleeping. At the time, the political situation had intensified because of a kidnapping and the disappearance of a Thai online activist in Cambodia. It was one of many incidents. The fury of the young people on the street… that gathering mushroomed to now, when millions of people hold rallies around the country, demanding monarchy reform and the end of military dictatorship. I couldn’t join the demonstrations at the time because of the lockdown. I kept looking at Twitter feeds. It was the beginning of the rainy season. I like to imagine these sleeping faces and their dreams and futures… amidst the awakening of the people who came out in mass like raindrops.”
Palme d’Or-winning Thai auteur Apichatpong Weerasethakul is the director of Cemetery of Splendor (2015) and the upcoming Memoria.
The entire Cinetracts ’20 program, including contributions by Charles Burnett and Su Friedrich, can be viewed at the Wexner Center’s website.
- Credits for
- CINETRACTS '20
- directed by
- Cameron Granger, Sky Hopinka, the Karrabing Film Collective, Bouchra Khalili, Gabriel Mascaro, Rosine Mbakam & Apichatpong Weerasethakul
- commissioned by
- the Wexner Center for the Arts at Ohio State University | <urn:uuid:c3544577-ed96-4636-9e84-87b24af5326c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lecinemaclub.com/archives/cinetracts-20/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.950857 | 997 | 1.679688 | 2 |
My PhD research concentrated on the Southern Ocean, which encircles Antarctica and is home to the world’s longest and strongest ocean current. The Southern Ocean is particularly important forthe Earth’s climate because it connects the three main ocean basins (Pacific, Atlantic and Indian) and so transports quantities like heat, salt and carbon between them. However, because the Southern Ocean is so remote, direct measurements are scarce and so oceanographers have a relatively poor understanding of the processes happening there. My thesis was about how the complicated sea bed shape of the Southern Ocean affects the currents there, and used satellite data to find out about how different water masses mix together.
I looked at this in a variety of ways, using a very simple model and a very complex one. The advantage of simple models is that one can more easily understand the behaviour found, however the assumptions made in simple models can mean that they are not widely applicable in the real ocean. My research used a simple model to investigate the currents that form when oceans flow over a rising slope. I found behaviour that had not been seen in these models before, and might help explain the behaviour of the currents seen in the Southern Ocean.
In the winter of 2010-2011 I took part in a 6 week research cruise in the Southern Ocean (part of the international DIMES project). We measured the concentration of a dye that had been released two years previously. I used a large model of the full Southern Ocean in combination with information about currents from satellites to simulate the path of the tracer. I then compared the results of the simulation with results collected from the research cruise. Comparing the two, I diagnosed information about the stirring and stretching that the tracer had experienced since it had been released. This information helps us understand how quantities like carbon and salt are moved around the Southern Ocean. | <urn:uuid:5aa4dc6c-e97f-4715-b36c-d87f658faff9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.emmaboland.co.uk/phd-research/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.964448 | 372 | 2.640625 | 3 |
While acne is common in teenagers who are going through hormone changes, more and more adults are getting acne. The American Academy of Dermatology reports that acne is the most common skin condition in the United States and that more women in their 30s, 40s, and 50s are being diagnosed with acne. With these facts, it is natural to ask, “Is there anything I can do to prevent getting acne?” Learn the risk factors for acne, prevention myths, and healthy preventative measures.
Acne is a skin condition that arises when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. These clogged pores can create a variety of blemishes, including blackheads, white heads, pimples, pustules (pimples with pus on their tops), papules (raised, red bumps), nodules (hard, painful bumps below the surface of the skin) and cysts (nodules that contain pus). Typically acne occurs on the face, neck, shoulders and upper back. Acne sufferers find that when one round of blemishes disappears, another round quickly appears.
You are more at risk for acne if you are a teenager, as your hormones are changing during puberty, causing an overproduction of oil and thus a greater likelihood for clogged pores. Risk factors for adults are those undergoing hormonal changes, such as in pregnant women and women taking oral contraceptives. You are also more at risk for acne if you are taking a corticosteroid, lithium, or testosterone. Stress and diet can trigger acne. While there are many claims that certain foods cause acne, according to the Mayo Clinic, studies have shown only skim milk, carbohydrate-rich foods, and possibly chocolate to be acne triggers. Genetic factors can also put you in a higher risk group -- if your parents had acne, it is more likely that you will also develop it.
There are a lot of myths swirling about as to what can cause acne. In order to properly prevent acne, it is important to debunk these myths. Although some kinds of food can trigger acne, greasy food is not one of them. Even though acne is caused by oil and dead skin cells in your pores, dirty skin is not a culprit in causing acne. In fact, scrubbing your skin or using harsh cleansers can irritate your skin, strip it of its natural and beneficial oils, cause your skin to overcompensate and produce more oil and worsen an acne breakout. In general, make-up does not cause acne. If you are using a non-oil based make-up and removing it gently and daily before going to bed, you will not have cosmetics-created acne.
While an overproduction of oil is a factor in causing acne, you don’t want to eliminate all oil from your skin. Oil is an essential part of your skin health, moisturizing and protecting your skin. How you cleanse your skin plays a critical role in both preventing acne and preserving the beneficial oils on your skin. When you wash your skin, do so in the morning, before bed and after exercising. Use gentle cleansers that don’t contain alcohol or oils. Don’t scrub at your skin while washing-- this can irritate your skin and stimulate more oil production. After washing your skin, you should apply a non-oil based moisturizer with an SPF of 30 to protect your skin. The American Academy of Dermatologists recommends using sunscreens that contain zinc oxide and titanium dioxide to prevent acne breakouts. If you wear cosmetics, use oil-free makeup or makeup that is labeled “non comedogenic” (not pore-clogging), and make sure to remove your makeup before going to bed. Don’t wear tight-fitting clothing in acne-prone areas, especially on your face (like hats and headbands.) There are a few things you can do to care for your face throughout the day. Keep your hair away from your face as much as possible so that the oils from your hair don’t get onto your face. You can use a skin-blotter, which you should use without rubbing it around on your face, thus spreading oils to other parts of your face. Avoid touching your face, which will keep dirt from your hands from getting into your pores. This includes not picking at already-existing blemishes on your face. You should also bathe or wash your face after exercising, eliminating acne-causing oil and sweat.
While stress can’t cause acne, it can trigger outbreaks. So, it’s important that you learn some good stress-management techniques. It’s also a good idea to keep to a healthy diet that limits carbohydrates and sugars. With these preventative measures, you can help control outbreaks and reduce the chance of developing more severe acne, getting acne scars, and damaging your skin.
If you are prone to acne or currently suffering from it, contact Vanguard Dermatology in the greater New York City area. The board-certified dermatologists at Vanguard will work with you to prevent acne outbreaks and create a treatment plan for managing your acne. | <urn:uuid:b38036d3-3456-41a9-a88a-3f9cfcf25fd6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vanguarddermatology.com/blog/can-you-prevent-adult-acne | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.950011 | 1,053 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Apple Watch Series 8 leaked features have already indicated that the Watch stands out from the competition and now reliable Mark Gurman reported that it can also detect your fever.
Recently, Mark also suggested another feature regarding the Watch Series 8 which is the “low battery mode” with more enhancement, and you can take it as iPhone’s low battery mode.
Apple Watch Series 8 Would Have Fever Detection Feature
According to the latest edition of the Powerup newsletter from Bloomberg’s Mark Gurman, the upcoming Apple Watch Series 8 will have some new health features and new detection capabilities.
Earlier, Mark reported that Apple Watch Series 8 would feature Body Temperature monitoring ability with a new in-built sensor, and reportedly this sensor would also work as fever detection.
This fever detection feature will check the temperature of the wearer, and if it finds it abnormal than the average human body temperature, and with the help of other capabilities, it can detect fever and inform the wearer.
As Mark said, Apple was internally testing this fever detection for the Watch Series 8, and now it seems to pass this phase, and we can expect it from this Watch.
Additionally, We might also see this feature for both variants of the Apple Watch Series 8 to standard and new rugged edition.
Gurman said, “I now believe the feature is a go for both the standard Apple Watch Series 8 and a new rugged edition that’s aimed at extreme sports athletes”.
If you remember, in past months, Apple’s smartwatch has saved someone’s life which motivated the company to make their smartwatches more enhanced and focused on health abilities.
Besides, Apple CEO Tim Cook has also announced to make their watches with more new health features and capabilities. Apple Watch Series 8 is expected to launch in the fall of this year along with iPhone 14. | <urn:uuid:eacdc04d-d104-4932-ab54-7c7ba8ace64e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techviral.net/apple-watch-series-8-fever/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.958706 | 381 | 1.515625 | 2 |
The LA Observed segment on KCRW tonight (listen here) covered the database created by Controller Ron Galperin to compare the salaries paid at the Department of Water and Power to those paid to other city of Los Angeles employees. The radio piece was inspired by Bill Boyarsky's weekend column for LA Observed, in which he noted that the City Hall technological environment is so Byzantine that Galperin had to take his data to a private web address outside the city's servers. I delve into that a bit in the segment with host Steve Chiotakis.
Likewise inspired by Bill's column, Eric Spiegelman massaged the Galperin data and posted the results at LA Currents. Sample:
Galperin's website is a little cumbersome to operate, partly because he uses some janky widgets to embed his data, but mostly because some of the job classifications listed in the DWP database don’t perfectly match their counterparts in the City database....
There are 150 job classifications that show up in both the DWP salary database and the City of Los Angeles salary database. Of those 150 positions, DWP salaries are higher for 136 of them.
The only jobs that pay better at the City of Los Angeles than at the DWP are: top level Civil Engineer, top level Delivery Driver, top level Engineering Geologist, top level Environmental Affairs Officer, Instrument Mechanic, top level Investment Officer, Occupational Health Nurse, Printing Services Superintendent, top level Property Manager, Senior Project Coordinator, and top level Street Tree Superintendent. In addition, the Assistant General Manager of the Airport is paid 8% more than the Assistant General Manager of the DWP, but all of the other Assistant General Managers of the City are paid much less. Administrative interns make a touch more at the DWP than at the City.
Spiegelman's bottom line: "If you're a cabinet maker, carpenter, painter, cement finisher, welder or graphics designer, you will make approximately 20% more money working for the DWP than you would working for the City." That's what Galperin said as well.
Graphic: LA Currents | <urn:uuid:fbe0edad-9a8b-4fcb-a2c6-1c88881abd08> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.laobserved.com/archive/2013/08/observing_controller_galp.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.94208 | 441 | 1.5625 | 2 |
At AFS, athletes improve running, lifting, & movement mechanics, develop better nutrition routines, implement appropriate mental skills, & create effective recovery strategies. All benefitting life well beyond sport.
Here's an example of foot speed. This female soccer player was tied for most goals during the season, but only played half of her games on the field...the other half were played in goal as a goalie.
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Hold Athletes Accountable and Train them as a team to get the most out of them.
Coaches and teams receive workouts, performance tools and resources to enhance player development & reduce injury.
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This program is not just for runners, it's for anyone wanting to out-run their spouse when being chased by a bear...beat the grand-kids in a sprint...or be able to carry the injured out of a burning building...simply put: it's for anyone who wants to be super-human.
We "geek out" on this stuff, so we don't expect you to, but we will educate you on concepts pertinent to your training & how they transfer to running.
Receive personalized training programming to improve your weaknesses, prevent injury, and keep training fresh.
Our Run Strong Program utilizes the benefits of the Zero Runner in order to re-train the body to move correctly, remove risk of injury from running outside, provide instant feedback, strengthen the posterior chain, and emphasize the "pawing" motion of running that is responsible for better performance and reducing injury risk.
Get started on your fitness goals NOW!
1) Download your FREE bundle,
2) Learn how to stay fit on a busy schedule, the power of sleep, and how to fix a broken diet,
3) Pick 1 action to work on, & start implementing them TODAY (you will experience success & setbacks, but that’s normal when learning new things), &
4) Stay consistent & be a fitness GOAT in 2022! | <urn:uuid:98e11bc4-908e-4630-8a2b-afee0863a524> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://afsathletics.com/sports-performance | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.936805 | 555 | 1.5625 | 2 |
The Canadian government has released a new budget that includes a $5,000 incentive for EV purchases (the provinces of Quebec and British Columbia already offer incentive programs, and so did Ontario, until a recently elected provincial government cancelled them). However, the price of eligible vehicles is limited to $45,000, which excludes all currently available Tesla models.
The proposed budget reads (as reported by Electrek): “To encourage more Canadians to buy zero-emission vehicles, Budget 2019 proposes to provide $300 million over three years, starting in 2019-20, to Transport Canada to introduce a new federal purchase incentive of up to $5,000 for electric battery or hydrogen fuel cell vehicles with a manufacturer’s suggested retail price of less than $45,000. Program details to follow.”
The proposal would also make EVs “eligible for a full tax write-off in the year they are put in use,” a measure designed to encourage commercial fleet operators to hasten the transition to zero-emission vehicles. The budget also includes new EVSE investment of $130 million over five years, as well as a program to encourage automakers to meet “voluntary zero-emission vehicle sales targets.”
As Electrek and many others have noted, purchase incentives are a blunt instrument – a carbon tax would be a much more efficient way to reduce emissions, and would allow the market to decide on the best ways to do so. Furthermore, the wisdom of the price limit is highly doubtful (Tesla recently played a round of cat-and-mouse with the German government over this issue). The self-evident argument that Tesla buyers don’t need tax breaks misses the point. Purchase incentives don’t just reward people who buy EVs – they also encourage automakers to build them. And, whereas middle-income buyers may see a LEAF as an alternative to a fuel-efficient Camry or Accord, high earners are more likely to be weighing a Tesla against a carbon-spewing BMW or Mercedes SUV.
Be that as it may, political realities are much the same in Canada as in the US: politicians (and most voters) shun anything that’s called a tax, but usually welcome anything that’s called a tax break. And the evidence from around the world is clear: purchase incentives do tend to increase EV sales. So, we’ll take it, eh?
Sources: Electrek, Engadget | <urn:uuid:bbc1493d-1921-4402-954d-c908a64ebc40> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chargedevs.com/newswire/canada-announces-new-5000-ev-incentive-but-no-teslas-need-apply/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.966026 | 503 | 2.203125 | 2 |
|D Laxma Reddy|
Computers and Communication Engineering
|M.Tech (Digital Systems)|
1. Pragna, D.V.B., Laxma Reddy, D., Prasad, S.V.S. IoT driven automated object detection algorithm for urban surveillance system in smart city (2019) International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 8 (6 Special Issue 3), pp. 1687-1691.
2. Laxma Reddy, D., Puttamadappa, C., Suresh, H.N. A research on clustering based optimized routing protocols in wireless sensor network (2019) International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8 (2 Special issue 3), pp. 1072-1077.
3. Laxma Reddy, D., Arulanth, T.S., Nehru, K., Nagaraju, N., Ramesh Reddy, G. Intelligent vehicular system with speed limit (2018) International Journal of Engineering and Technology(UAE), 7 (3.27 Special Issue 27), pp. 20-23.
4. Laxma Reddy, D., Nishanth Rao, K., Paramkusam, A.V., Nehru, K. Saturation and non-saturation throughput and packet delay analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF for Ad-Hoc networks (2017) International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8 (7), pp. 566-573.
5. Rawoof, M.A., Laxma Reddy, D., Paramkusam, A.V., Krishnaiah, R.V. A fast search block-based motion estimation algorithm for compression of motion pictures (2017) International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8 (7), pp. 662-675. | <urn:uuid:d2016a61-23ad-418d-841b-f975482f0ee0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mlrinstitutions.ac.in/ECE/Facultyinfo/146 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.685832 | 474 | 1.648438 | 2 |
“When Avrohom was ninety-nine years old, Hashem said to him, ‘Walk before me and become perfect.’” Hearing that he was instructed to become perfect, he was seized with trembling. “Perhaps there is something unseemly about me!” Once he heard Hashem say, “I will establish my covenant between Myself and you,” Avrohom’s spirit was quieted.
Rambam and Ramban present very different conceptions of the mitzvah of bris milah. Rambam explains milah as a corrective – a way of weakening Man’s lusts and cooling his passions. Ramban offers a more positive spin. Milah, he says, is an external sign of the distinctive role assigned to Klal Yisrael as a special, distinctive people. (These two positions may follow from the remarks of two tana’im in a mishnah. “The orlah is repugnant. Evildoers are disgraced through it,” says one of them, emphasizing the role of milah in remedying a fault within man like Rambam. “The other tanna lauds the mitzvah for marking the distinctiveness of Am Yisroel, like Ramban. “Great is milah! Thirteen covenants were declared over it.”
Some people find Ramban’s milah disturbing. They are not comfortable with the Torah commanding us to assert and proclaim the specialness of Am Yisroel. What reason do Jews have to feel different from others? Why would they want to take pride in being different? Does not our own Scripture teach the opposite? “Do we not all have one Father? Did not one G-d create us?” Ordinary civility argues against any nation extolling itself over others – others who are also created in the Divine image – saying, “I am the choicest of all Creation! I am it – and there is nothing alongside me!”
These “enlightened” souls campaign against the formula in our davening of “You chose us from among all the nations.” They point in particular to the danger in asserting a Jewish mission. How many other nations, they say, are each doing the same? How many tragedies has mankind endured because of these competing claims of different national groups, each seeing itself as exceptional, and more entitled than any other? Is it proper that we should be doing the same?
Nationalism, when that is often what stands behind such claims, can indeed be evil. It is remarkable that all of Chazal’s stories about the evil of Sodom’s residents deal with the repugnant ways in which they dealt with outsiders and strangers. Could it really be that the citizens were fine and upstanding to their fellow citizens, and turned into monsters in regard to outsiders alone?
We could propose an alternative. Rashi tells us that all five cities were collectively called Sodom, after the largest and most important of the group. Perhaps its leaders prided themselves on their “sophistication” relative to the others. They, together with those of the other four cities, were evil, hateful people who were capable of hurting anyone who annoyed them. But they could not declare or admit this. Instead, they invented a policy targeting the most vulnerable – those who were strangers, who had no long-term rights. Perhaps they even developed their own form of “nationalism,” arguing that local resources – in an area known for their abundance! – had to be reserved for local residents. Barring strong measures against the intruders, those strangers might one day become a powerful, unwanted influence.
It was only in the “capital” city of Sodom that any pretense was needed. In the other four cities, people acted as evilly towards their fellow citizens as they did to the stranger. Thus, when Yeshaya laments over his vision of ruined cities of Israel – cities that failed to care for their own poor and needy – he says, “We would have become like Sodom; we would have been likened to Amora.” He means that we would have become “like” Sodom – but only in part. Sodom mistreated only the stranger, while ancient Israel abandoned its own. That would make them fully likened to Amora, which made no distinction between outsiders and insiders.
Let us return to the mitzvah of milah, and those uncomfortable with Ramban’s approach. Many have asked why Avrohom, who observed the mitzvos of the Torah before they were given, waited for Divine instruction to perform the mitzvah of milah. Why didn’t he do so on his own? Now, if we accept Rambam’s reasoning explanation that milah is meant to address what would otherwise be a flaw in our nature, the question is valid. Certainly Avrohom would have jumped at the opportunity to correct an internal flaw!
If, however, we utilize Ramban’s reasoning, the question loses any basis. Accentuating his difference from other people was not something that Avrohom would run to take upon himself. He opposed such difference; he constantly displayed a love for all beings created in G-d’s image, treating all equally.
Chazal had this in mind when they spoke of Avrohom being seized with trembling when told to circumcise himself, and becalming himself only when Hashem based a covenant upon the mitzvah. At first hearing, he assumed the position of the Rambam. This caused him great distress. If milah aimed to address an internal flaw, why had he been blind to it? He must be further from where he would want to be than he ever thought. He was seized, therefore, with trembling. When Hashem told him about the covenant, he realized that there was another dimension to milah that he had not considered, and he was becalmed.
The news, however, was not entirely good. The covenant came at a price. Or so he thought. A midrash reports on Avrohom’s complaint: Before milah, passers-by came to me. (In other words, nothing created any distance between my potential guests and me.) Now that I have circumcised myself, I have created great distance between myself and my erstwhile friends, who now eye me with suspicion and resentment. Now who will come to visit me? I have removed myself from the rest of humanity.
Avrohom, however, did not fully fathom the intent of the covenant with him and his descendants. This special relationship which He initiated did not shunt all others to the sidelines. To the contrary, it placed an extra burden upon Klal Yisroel in their relationship with their neighbors. The bris would not allow Klal Yisroel to erect high walls in which they could lavish their love exclusively on themselves. To the contrary. “Elokim spoke to him [Avrohom] saying.” (Note that He had already been speaking with him. This pasuk can only mean that Hashem began what in effect was a new revelation, apart from the practical aspects of milah.) “I have made a covenant with you (and despite what you might think that implies about narrowing your vision) you will be a father to many nations (i.e. your responsibility to the rest of the world will increase)…you will greatly flourish, and I will give you to the nations (as a mentor, to spread light, Torah, and genuine love of Man to all the families of the earth. You will differ greatly from others – but only in regard to your spiritual, religious life. You will draw close strangers and converts. You will daven for their evildoers like the people of Sodom. One of your descendants will build a Temple open to them, and where you will bring offerings on their behalf.)”
Your descendants will be crushed and oppressed by the people in whose midst they live. But nonetheless, they will succeed in spreading to them – without coercion – knowledge of Hashem and His Torah. | <urn:uuid:77bfb4dc-6b44-4169-9a83-41a5d9a06b0c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://torah.org/torah-portion/mmaaseh-5777-lech-lecha/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.982045 | 1,737 | 2.53125 | 3 |
A timeline history of first aid, EMS, CPR and lifeguarding
1708 China’s Chinkiang Association for the Saving of Life was the earliest known organized lifesaving group.
1774 The Royal Humane Society founded to combat ignorance and superstition; investigate and discredit inadequate methods of recuscitating the apparently drowned.
Previous methods, not all of which were discredited, (some of which occasionally worked) included:
using bellows to put air into lungs,
rolling the drowned person on their front over a cask,
putting the drowned person across a horse that was set to a trot,
rubbing with coarse salt,
applying heat (sometimes in the form of hot coals or heated excrement),
tobacco smoke (or sage, rosemary, mint) forced up intestines,
ticking nostrils with a crow feather,
and suspension by the heels.
The first lifesaving societies had to overcome the superstition that it is unlucky to rescue and revive a drowned person.
1776 The Amsterdam Rescue Society was formed and placed fireplace bellows at intervals along Amsterdam’s canals, so people could resuscitate victims pulled from the water during/after drowning.
late 1700s the surgeon-in-chief for Napoleon’s Grand Army, Dominique Jean Larrey, became the first to try to save wounded during battles instead of waiting until the battle was finished
In 1789, the Massachusetts Humane Society began building refuge houses along the Massachusetts coast for shipwreck survivors.
1794 (From the American Red Cross text Life Saving and Water Safety): Artificial respiration “was considered impious and placed nearly upon a level with professing to raise the dead.”
1804 A lifebelt “the Seaman’s friend” invented by W. H. Mallison. It was rejected by the Royal Navy as it
took up too much room and the navy did not want sailors to swim, in case they decided to desert.
In 1807, the the Massachusetts Humane Society set up the nation’s first lifeboat station on Cape Cod.
1852 Congress passed a law that lifejackets, or a float or lifepreserver be required on river passenger steamboats for each passenger.
From a Coast guard website: “… a strong storm swept the East Coast in 1854. Many sailors died because there were not enough lifesaving stations and equipment had not been properly cared for. One town, in fact, used its lifeboat “alternately as a trough for mixing mortar and a tub for scalding hogs.”
1855 According to an Atlantic City museum website, the Atlantic City, New Jersey, city council “appointed William S. Cazier the first constable of the surf.” In those early years the constables donned bathing suits between the hours of eleven and one to be ready to respond to any emergency. With the opening of the Boardwalk in 1872, the first organized volunteer lifeguard service was formed. These brave souls had to pass the hat after each rescue. Not until 1892, did Atlantic City organize a paid beach patrol.”
But the Atlantic City, New Jersey beach patrol says they are the oldest beach patrol in the U.S. and date their start in 1884.
Their site has old beach patrol postcards at:
April 20, 1861, Clara Barton, the “Angel of the Battlefield,” began aid to servicemen in the U.S. Civil War.
Henry Dunant, a Swiss businessman, having witnessed the wounded left to die alone after the Battle of Solferino, (40,000 men were killed or wounded in a single day), wrote a booklet, A Memory of Solferino, published in 1862, in which he proposed that the States should “formulate some international principle, sanctioned by a convention, inviolate in character, which, once approved and ratified, might serve as the basis for societies for the relief of the wounded” and in which he appealed for relief societies to be formed in the peacetime with nurses who would be ready to care for the wounded in wartime. He also wanted these volunteers to be recognized and protected through an international agreement. Thus the “International Committee for Relief to the Wounded”, which later became the International Committee of the Red Cross, was created.
International feeling against the absence of care for war wounded, grew and the First Geneva Convention convened in 1864. The resulting Treaty of Geneva (“for the Amelioration of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces and Field’), thr first treaty of international humanitarian law, was signed by 12 European nations, but not by Great Britain, Saxony, Sweden, or the United States.
The treaty signers agreed that in future wars they would care for all sick and wounded military personnel, regardless of nationality. They would also recognize the neutrality of medical personnel, hospitals and ambulances identified by the emblem of a red cross on a white background.
This First Convention applied to wounded and sick members of the armed forces in the field.
The Second Convention applied to wounded, sick, and shipwrecked members of the armed forces at sea as well as shipwreck victims. The Third Convention applied to prisoners of the war and the Fourth Convention applied to civilians in times of war.
1862 Army Ambulance Corps.
1865 first US civilian ambulance services
1869 Bellevue hospital in New York is the first to actually put doctors on ambulances, along with supplies of bandages, tournquets, a quart of brandy, handcuffs and a straitjacket. Before then hearses were often used and the person deciding if the victim went to the hospital or the morgue was often a funeral director or mortician.
1870 New York City ambulances were dispatched via telegraph
1877 A ‘lifejacket’ made of cork is awarded a patent
1878 W.H. Rideing in Harper’s New Monthly Magazine described a New York City hospital ambulance ride: “A well-kept horse was quickly harnessed to the ambulance; and as the surgeon took his seat behind, having first put on a jaunty uniform cap with gold lettering, the driver sprang to the box…and with a sharp crack of the whip we rolled off the smooth asphalt of the courtyard and into the street…As we swept around corners and dashed over crossings, both doctor and driver kept up a sharp cry of warning to pedestrians.”
Clara Barton, who heard about the International Red Cross movement while in Europe after the Civil war, founded the American Red Cross in Washington, D.C. on May 21, 1881.
Clara Barton also worked for United States ratification of the first Geneva Convention. On March 1, 1882, President Chester A. Arthur signed the treaty. The Senate ratified it on March 16, 1882 and the United States became the 32nd nation to sign the document.
House Surgeon A.B. Miles wrote in the June 1885 edition of the New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal about new horse drawn ambulances for the Charity Hospital, New Orleans, with “fourteen Resident Students charged with the special duty of Ambulance Surgeons.”
“This service was organized to meet a demand. … Since the erection of the Hospital in 1832, the sick and injured have been brought to the door in vehicles of every conceivable kind… Many patients suffered discomfort merely, while others sustained injuries prejudicial to their after-treatment. Some … must have succumbed to the delay and ill usage incident to such hap-hazard transportation.”
Ambulances could be dispatched within three minutes from a call and had “right of way over all vehicles except those of the fire department and the United States Mail…In answering calls, the ambulance corps move with all possible dispatch. The efficiency so far attained is due in a large measure to the competency of the staff of Resident Students of the Hospital, and the zeal with which they discharge their special duty… Each ambulance was stocked with antidotes and stimulants most serviceable in emergencies: Chloroform, sulphuric ether, whisky, brandy, carbolic acid, olive oil … hypodermic tablets and syringe, water…and one gallon of an oil which made a dressing quickly and easily applied in the emergency of burns and scalds…The surgical outfit included a complete pocket case of instruments … tourniquets, folding fracture box, long splints, wooden and tin splints (for extremity fractures), bandages, carbolized gauze, cotton padding, pillows, surgeon’s lint, sponges, tracheotomy tube, a catheter, pus pans, water buckets, etc.”
Read an article about the Point Reyes Lighthouse from the San Francisco Chronicle Sept. 25, 1887 “There is not, from Mexico to Oregon a more forbidding or dangerous coast line than that extending from Point Reyes to Tomales bay. It is made doubly dangerous by its proximity to the harbor of San Francisco, many a vessel having gone ashore under full sail believing that it was headed for the Golden Gate.” http://www.nps.gov/pore/historyculture/people_maritime_sfchroniclearticle.htm
1891 two members of the Amateur Swimming Association of Great Britain formed the Swimmers Life-Saving Society, later to become the Royal Life Saving Society.
1894 (From the American Red Cross text Life Saving and Water Safety):
” No one should employ the more spectacular forms of rescue, if less perilous methods may be used just as effectively.
Sinclair and Henry in their book on Swimming published as part of the Badminton Library in 1894 recount a tale of heroism which aptly proves a point. The tale is much too long to be quoted in full here but its substance is this: A boat load of mill workers were being ferried across the Clyde one evening. The boat was badly overloaded and had not proceeded twenty yards from the dock, when it listed suddenly and overturned. One James Lambert, a powerful swimmer by the record and a good waterman, found himself in the water gripped about by as many men and women as could lay hands in him while others held to them. With marvelous self-possession and cold courage he allowed himself to sink to the bottom with his burden and found the water to be about ten feet deep. Being quite unable to swim because of the manner in which he was held down he, nevertheless, contrived to get his feet down and shove diagonally to the surface and some few feet toward the dock before he sank again. Thus alternately driving off the bottom, getting a breath of air and sinking again he managed to near the dock where ropes and boathooks were used to relieve him of his burden. Upon checking it was found that he had brought in sixteen or seventeen of the unfortunates but he did not rest there. Plunging in again and yet once more he brought to shore first, two girls and then another girl and her young man, who were drowning together. Then, and this is the irony of it, he found himself clinging to the quay so spent that he would inevitably have sunk and drowned if an old and decrepit man had not seen him and, extending his cane to him, towed him along the quay to shallow water and helped him out. Thus the most spectacular rescue of all time would have ended tragically for the hero, if the old man had not used effectively, if not as spectacularly, the only means at hand commensurate with his strength and ability. The story points its own moral.”
1897 the first rescue can, made of sheet metal and pointed at both ends with an over-the-shoulder harness, replaces life rings towed by lifeguards. It slides faster through the water but the type of construction causes injuries.
1899 Pennysylvania miners form a group to “take up the study and practice of first aid.”
1903 English doctor E Sharpey Schafer invented a method of prone pressure artificial respiration.
1908 George Douglas Freeth established the first lifeguard training at Redondo Beach, California.
1910 First Aid training introduced as a national Red Cross program
1912 At the age of seven, LeRoy Columbo suffered an attack of spinal meningitis which cost him his hearing and the use of both legs. He tried swimming (and his three brothers worked with him) and within a year he was able to walk again.
He eventually became the first deaf lifeguard as well as earning the title “the World’s Greatest Lifeguard.” He saved 907 lives in a 40 year career, a record noted in the Guinness Book of World Records.
In 1923 he became the first deaf person to join Galveston’s elite “Surf Toboggan Club.” He qualified by swimming continuously for three hours with no stops or floating. And in 1923 he became a lifeguard for the city of Galveston.
LeRoy made his first rescue (of a drowning boy) at the age of 12. In 1928 he rescued two crewmen after a tugboat exploded in flames (this required swimming beneath burning oil).
LeRoy almost drowned 16 times during rescues.
He retired at 62 and continued to swim in the ocean daily until he died on July 12, 1974. Flags in Texas were flown at half staff upon his death and a plaque was erected on the Galveston beach he patrolled for forty years.
1912, the National YMCA Lifesaving Service was organized
1913 George Goss wrote a thesis at Springfield College which was eventually published as a lifesaving textbook in 1916. It was first promoted as “Water First Aid.”
1914 Former journalist Wilbert E Longfellow helped start Red Cross water safety instruction and the Red Cross Life Saving Corps to combat the climbing number of drownings. His main objective was to organize local volunteers into lifesaving corps.
His slogan: “everyone a swimmer, every swimmer a lifesaver.”
The lifesaving service required that a candidate be able to swim 50 feet.
1916 requirements for lifesavers:
“must be able to tow a person of their own weight ten yards by each of the following methods: (a) head carry, using two arms and swimming on back; (b) under-arm carry, using two hands and swimming on back; (c) cross-chest carry, using one arm and side stroke; (d) using breastroke, hands of rescued on shoulders.
They must be able to show in the water three methods of releasing themselves from people in peril of drowning when grasped by: (a) wrist hold), (b) front neck hold, (c) back hold.”
They are required to demonstrate both the Schafer and Silvester methods of performing artificial respiration, although the Schafer method is the one preferred. (No mouth to mouth contact in rescue breathing. In one style, people were put on their stomachs and their arms were raised overhead or their shoulders pulled up to get air into the lungs.)
1918 from the CDC National Center for Injury Prevention and Control:
“In 1918, 13 people drowned in rip currents in a single day at San Diego’s Ocean Beach, garnering local and national news attention. Beach attendance that day was estimated at 5,000. City officials cited inadequate lifeguard protection as a cause of the tragedy, and as a result, initiated a municipal lifeguard service. The ocean conditions have changed little since then. San Diego’s local leaders view the 17 miles of oceanfront shoreline, which include Ocean Beach, as a safely managed tourist attraction due to the presence of lifeguards. Despite an average estimated annual attendance of 15 million people and over 7,000 rescues at the major lifeguarded beaches, the average number of drownings in areas under lifeguard protection is between zero and one annually.”
Six cardiologists founded the American Heart Association in 1924.
When Duke Paoa Kahanamoku of Hawaii (1890 – 1968), the father of surfing, inventor of the rescue board, six time Olympic gold medalist and winner of the Olympic 100 meter race in 1912 and 1920, using a six-beat kick, with his size 13 feet, was asked who taught him the crawl stroke, he said “no one.” He had been swimming a stroke he saw older natives of his island swim. He kept his records until he was 34, when 20 year old Johnny Weissmuller (who eventually set 51 world records and became Tarzan of the movies) beat him in the 1924 Paris Olympics.
Kahanamoku became the first person inducted into both the swimming and surfing halls of fame. In 1925 he rescued eight people from a overturned fishing boat, using only a surfboard. Of the 29 people on board the Thelma when it overturned in very rough seas, only 12 were rescued.
Later he said:
“In that instant my knees went to tallow, for a mountain of solid green water curled down upon the vessel. Spume geysered up in all directions, and everything was exploding water for longer than you would believe. Then, before the next mammoth breaker could blot out the view again, it was obvious that the Thelma had capsized and thrown her passengers into the boiling sea. Neither I nor my pals were thinking heroics; we were simply running — me with a board, and the others to get their boards — and hoping we could save lives… I hit the water hard and flat with all the forward thrust I could generate, for those bobbing heads in the water could not remain long above the surface of that churning surge. Fully clothed persons have little chance in a wild sea like that, and even the several who were clinging to the slick hull of the overturned boat could not last long under the pounding… It was some surf to try and push through! But I gave it all I had, paddling until my arms begged for mercy. I fought each towering breaker that threatened to heave me clear back onto the beach, and some of the combers almost creamed me for good… Don’t ask me how I made it, for it was just one long nightmare of trying to shove through what looked like a low Niagara Falls. The prospects for picking up victims looked impossible. Arm-weary, I got into that area of screaming, gagging victims, and began grabbing at frantic hands, thrashing legs.”
1930 the first use of the motto of Royal Life Saving Society Canada:
Quemcunque Miserum Videris Hominem Scias…Whomsoever you see in distress, recognize in him a fellow man.
1933 Fins “Lifesaving and Swimming Propelling Device” patented by Louis de Corlieu.
1935 Danish Colonel Holger Neilson’s method of artificial respiration was easier to learn and perform and got better air exchange
1935 Santa Monica, California, lifeguard Pete Peterson builds an inflatable yellow rescue tube with a snap hook at one end and a 14 inch strap, line and harness at the other end. He also created paddle boards for lifeguards and was the first person to paddle from Catalina to the mainland. He won the Pacific Coast Surfing Championship 4 times out of ten.
Read more about Pete Peterson at:
1937 the Red Cross text for lifesavers, Life Saving and Water safety, is published, replacing a booklet, Life Saving Methods. The new text “an authoritative source of knowledge and information,” had no pictures of women rescuers. Requirements for lifeguard candidates: (as of copyright 1937, 1956). “A swimmer who wishes to undertake swimming rescue training must have reasonable water ability as a preliminary requirement. He should be able to make a shallow dive in good form, swim a quarter of a mile without resting or keep afloat by treading water and swimming in place for a period of ten minutes…He should, of course, be capable of making a surface dive and of swimming a short distance underwater.”
During WW ll, 1939 to 1945, the Red Cross started a national blood program that collected 13.3 million pints of blood for armed forces. After the war the Red Cross started the first nationwide civilian blood program.
1938 first auto seat belts
1940 the precursor to the bag valve mask: “Life-giving air is forced into the lungs of a patient by a hand-powered pump developed by a Swiss doctor, who expects it to be useful in treating soldiers after poison-gas attacks. The plunger pump forces air or oxygen through a tube leading to a mask held over the mouth of the patient.” quoted from Popular Science magazine, July 1940
August 2, 1943 at about 2 a.m. the Japanese destroyer Amagiri hit PT 109 and killed two of
John F. Kennedy’s crew. He helped rescue his crew members and by dawn they were floating on the bow.
That day they swam and helped each other swim to an island. Kennedy helped the man most injured, towing the sailor’s life vest with his teeth.
He had been on the first Harvard swim team to beat Yale. The Harvard Guide says “Too small to play intercollegiate football, he joined the swim team. He’s remembered by the coach as “a fine kid, frail and not too strong, but always giving it everything he had.”
In 1947 the U.S. drowning rate (5.2 per 100,000 people) was cut in half from that of 1914 (10.4 per 100,000 people).
The Colorado Mountain Club starts a technical climbing school with mountaineering first aid lessons.
1949 James Elam, an anesthesiologist, who had been reading historical accounts of new borns being resuscitated with mouth to mouth breathing, tried during a hospital emergency to inflate the lungs of a young boy and it worked.
1953 the first Australian lifesaving manual. Previous manuals were “heavily orientated to a military drill-type approach.”
A 1956 printing of American Red Cross Life Saving and Water Safety says, in part:
“Grappling irons should be considered not only as body recovery but as rescue devices, since the first few casts of the irons may bring a victim to the surface in water too deep for diving and in time to use artificial respiration successfully.”
1956 MedicAlert® is “a nonprofit membership organization founded in 1956,” as a information repository that “can connect to and provide critical medical information between patients, providers, payers, and first responders 24 hours a day anywhere in the world… The MedicAlert® repository uses Web service interfaces to support standard Personal Health Records (PHRs), including electronic drug prescriptions and for patient record interoperability.”
Dr. Peter Safar, known as the Father of CPR, says the seeds were sown for the A (airway) and B (breathing) steps of CPR during a two-day car trip in October 1956, returning from a medical convention and talking shop with Dr. James Elam (see 1949).
In the late 1950s Safar worked with Martin McMahon, chief of the Baltimore Fire Department ambulance service to design the first modern ambulance. At that time ill people were taken to hospitals in station wagons (or even hearses), with no care given on the way. Safar and McMahon designed an ambulance as we know it today, with a large compartment for a patient bed and seating for an attendant who could give oxygen and had equipment at hand to insert airways.
1957 the U.S. Military adopts mouth to mouth breathing
1958 the American Medical Assn endorses mouth to mouth breathing
In 1960 the Royal Lifesaving Society is the first to teach mouth-to-mouth, direct contact resuscitation instead of methods which use back pressure or arm lifts.
1960 Dr. Peter Safar approached Norwegian toymaker Asmund Laerdal to develop a realistic life-sized mannequin for teaching mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. The manikin’s face was inspired by a death mask, owned by Laerdal, of a girl who drowned herself in the Seine River.
Check out the photos, including “documentation of resuscitation methods on volunteers who were sedated and paralyzed by drugs,”
Safar developed the first U.S. intensive care unit and paramedic ambulance service, and was nominated three times for the Nobel Prize in medicine
He wrote to U.S. presidents with his opinion on world problems (as well as science), including the U.S. war with Iraq. He helped found Physicians for Social Responsibility and the International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War.
See Peter’s Laws for the Navigation of Life, quoted at the bottom of this page.
During a 1964 lifeguard competition at Huntington Beach, lifeguards Mike Henry and Pete Orth of Carpenteria, California, collided with the Huntington Beach pier after their dory went out of control on a ten foot wave. ABC television’s Wide World of Sports filmed this moment and replayed it over and over again as one of the ‘Great Moments’ of the year.
1964 Pete Peterson designs a rescue tube made from foam rubber hot dipped in a rubber coating. See also the original rescue tube, 1935.
1965 the first version of portable defibrillator, invented by Frank Pantridge (the “Father of Emergency Medicine”) was installed in a Belfast, Northern Ireland ambulance. (From Wikipedia) “It weighed 70 kg and operated from car batteries, but by 1968 he had designed an instrument weighing only 3 kg, incorporating a miniature capacitor manufactured for NASA.”
late 1960s to 1975During the Vietnam War, because of trained
medical corpsmen, rapid transportation and advanced trauma care, a wounded soldier had more chance of survival than a serious motor vehicle accident victim in California.
1965 more deaths from motor vehicle accidents than lost in the Korean war.
1966— Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society is written, advising more research on trauma. Some say it revolutionized the way we view and manage trauma in the US.
In 1967, a presidential commission on law enforcement recommended that a single phone number to be used across the country for fire, police and medical emergencies.
Jan. 10, 1967 a newspaper helicopter was used to transfer a prematurely delivered infant from one hospital to another in Illinois. The baby was held in a small box on the lap of a Sister from the Third Order of Saint Francis.
In 1968, A police station in Haleyville, Alabama is the first to use 9-1-1 as the three-digit number for fire, police and medical emergencies. The United Kingdom had first used a universal number (999) in 1937. In 1961 Australia used (111) and Canada used (999) in 1959. Supposedly 911 was chosen over 999 in the U.S. because it was easier/faster to dial on a rotary phone. In the late 70s a few other cities/counties had enhanced 911 systems. President Clinton signed Senate Bill 800 designating 911 as the nationwide number on October 16, 1999. At that time there were 20 different wireless numbers in different states.
1970 Military helicopters are used to move critically ill victims from remote areas to hospitals. Pilots included Vietnam veterans, a few of whom showed off their flying skills by flying under bridges and buzzing neighborhood swimming pools.
A 1982 printing of American Red Cross Lifesaving Rescue and Water Safety, says in part: “If a person is in danger of drowning only a short distance from shore and there is no rescue equipment of any kind available, the untrained swimmer may feel that is it necessary to attempt the rescue. In such cases, the rescuer should swim to a position behind the victim and make contact with the victim by seizing the person’s hair.”
Lifeguard certification cards (advanced lifesaving and water safety) featured a drawing of the silhouettes of a man dragging a buxom female victim through the water on her back by her hair.
1988 A National Park Service management policy states “the saving of human life will take precedence over all other management activities.”
1989 from the CDC National Center for Injury Prevention and Control:
“the Nassau County Commission decided to eliminate lifeguards on American Beach in order to save county expenses. Less than a year later on Memorial Day, 1990, five persons drowned and 20 others nearly drowned when rough ocean conditions and strong winds caused rip currents to form immediately offshore, making this one of the worst drowning episodes in Florida’s history. Shortly after this tragedy, local officials reestablished lifeguarding services. In the eight years since, no one has drowned.”
1989-2001 Baywatch soap opera
It wasn’t just an urban rumor. An article from the Consumer Product Safety Commission referencing hair entanglement, entrapment and disembowelment associated with spas:
1990 The Lancet reports that in 1990 worldwide death by drowning (504,000) was more common than death through war (502,000).
two Red Cross lifeguard recruitment posters
July 29, 1991 112 becomes the emergency number for the European Union, from Iceland to Turkey.
1992 American Red Cross booklet Waddles Presents Aquacktic Safety tells the tale of a duck character, Waddles, going to his first swim lesson. His instructor is a pink Flamingo named Miss Pink, and the lifeguard is a gorilla whose rescue tube is hanging on the wall, not with him as he sits in the stand.
1992 from the CDC National Center for Injury Prevention and Control :
“Keawaula Beach at Kaena Point State Park is located at the westernmost point on the island of Oahu. The beach is exposed to high surf; a strong shore break; and a strong, often severe, current. The remote, pristine site attracts many surfers, sunbathers, swimmers, and waders. The combination of dangerous physical features and heavy use by patrons increases the risk for water-related injury and death. From 1985 to 1991, two drownings and 40 near-drownings occurred at Keawaula Beach. Although the State of Hawaii does not provide lifeguards, it elected to contract with the City and County of Honolulu to place lifeguards at Keawaula Beach beginning in January, 1992. Since then, no drownings have occurred at this beach.”
A 1994 study, one of the largest of it’s kind, found that less than 2 percent of New Yorkers with out-of-the-hospital heart attacks survived. Guy Lombardi, who started as one of the New York Fire Department’s (NYFD) first paramedics, went on to become a doctor and eventually a FDNY physician, is credited with using this research he co-authored as a catalyst for allowing not only paramedics, but also police officers, to be trained to use defibrillators.
1999 The Red Cross includes automated external defibrillator (AED) training in CPR courses.
In June, 1999, Chicago’s O’Hare Airport installed AEDs, located so that an AED was within one minute walking distance of anywhere in the airport. In the first ten months 14 cardiac arrests occurred and nine of the victims survived. That’s a 64% survival rate, compared to 3% – 4% with CPR alone.
2001 QuikClot, a granulated mineral coagulant was developed, used by the U.S. military to treat serious wounds.
Global positioning systems are first used in ambulances, sometimes leading them off course and causing them to arrive minutes or even hours late.
At the Labor Day, 2003, 2.38-mile Waikiki Roughwater Swim, less than 40 percent of the swimmers finished. “Of over 1,000 swimmers who started the race, a mere 356 finished. More than 600 were rescued by eight units of the Honolulu Fire Department, including its helicopter unit. The Coast Guard also joined in the rescue operation with a helicopter and boats and private boaters in the area pulled several swimmers out of the water,” according to Swim Info. One source put the cost for the Coast Guard alone at $31,000.
Read more at:
A summer of 2003 study of drowning in France found, (of 781 rescues followed by hospitalization or fatality),
44% in the ocean (56% of victims older than 45 years of age)
25% in swimming pools (61% in private pools)
15% in lakes (25% between the ages of 25 and 44)
12% in rivers (28% between the age of 25 and 44).
Of the 781 drownings, 41% were fatal.
from the Coast guard: in 2004, States and jurisdictions reported a total of 12,781,476 registered recreational boats compared to 12,794,616 in 2003. The 4,904 boating accidents reported in 2004 resulted in 676 fatalities, 3,363 injuries, and $35,038,306 in property damage.
.. Approximately seventy percent of all fatal boating accident victims drowned (484 out of 676). Approximately 90 percent of the victims who drowned were not wearing their personal flotation device (PFD or lifejacket). Overall, fatal accident data show approximately 431 lives could have been saved last year if boaters had worn their lifejackets.
Approximately 70% of all reported fatalities occurred on boats where the operator had not received boating safety instruction.
.. Alcohol was involved in approximately one-third of all boating fatalities in 2004.
In 2004, there were 3,308 unintentional fatal drownings in the United States, averaging nine people per day. This figure does not include the 676 fatalities, from drowning and other causes, due to boating-related incidents (CDC 2006; USCG 2006). For every child 14 years and younger who died from drowning in 2004, five received emergency department care for nonfatal submersion injuries. (CDC 2006).
Access Cardiosystems, Inc. issued a Worldwide Recall of its AEDs in November 2004 due to the “ON/OFF” button and the shock delivery ciruit failing to function as well as the AED possibly turning on suddenly.
Circa 2005 cell phones are used by EMTs/Paramedics in ambulances to transmit patient’s EKG readings more quickly to doctors in the emergency room, great except for dropped calls.
According to the Red Cross, in late 2006, “In Santa Clara County, for example, the average emergency response time from the call to 911 to arrival is about 7 minutes. (Times may vary due in part to traffic delays and the logistics of getting to victims in high-rise buildings.) “
For every minute that slips by without defibrillation, the victim’s chance of survival falls by about 10 percent. See also:Do AEDs work?
May 28, 2007 Heavy surf broke the usual sandbars at beaches in Florida and hundreds of swimmers were rescued at one beach between noon and 3 p.m., before the beach was closed.
In 2008 there were 50 drowning deaths in all of Australia, but in Bangladesh 50 children drowned each day of the year. This is not just due to the larger population in Bangladesh, the rate was 21 times higher there than in Australia. Drownings occur in natural bodies of water, in rice farming, where livestock are being watered in the family compound and in large cooking vessels.
June, 2009 The Lifesaving Society, Canada, found that in the most recent year in which data about drowning became available, “the annual drowning toll in Canada has spiked.” 433 had been recorded in 2004, up to 492 in 2005. Drowning remains the third leading cause of death among Canadians under 60 years of age and the second leading cause of death for children under the age of 10. Men are four times more likely to drown than women. 90% of people who drown while boating were found not wearing a lifejacket and alcohol was involved in about one third of the drowning deaths.
The World Conference on Drowning Prevention 2011 says that the global burden of drowning, in everyday life, recreation and disasters, is estimated to range from over 400,000 to 1 million people every year. ” Children, particularly those aged 1 to 4 years, carry the overwhelming burden of drowning in high, middle and low income countries.”
An April 2011 Red Cross survey found that about a third of adults do not realize that close supervision — staying within arm’s reach — is safer than putting floaties or water wings on a small child in a pool.
From an article in Aquatics International
“Tomas Lopez, 21, was dismissed for vacating his lifeguarding zone to save a man drowning in an unguarded area of the beach in Hallandale Beach, Fla. According to reports, Lopez made the rescue after he was approached by a beachgoer who pointed out a man struggling in the water nearly 1,500 feet south of his post. . . . Six guards quit over the episode, and the story was picked up in both national and international media. . .
“I have read three different news stories about this incident … and in each of them it is mentioned that Lopez secured backup at his beach before venturing out to make the save.”
2015 The American heart Assn. reports that laypersons should be trained in hands-only (compressions only, no rescue breathing) CPR, as well as full CPR.
2017 Cruise ship lines (Disney and Royal Caribbean) institute fleetwide lifeguarding of ship pools.
2017 Because of better sound insulation in cars, crashes involving drivers who didn’t hear sirens are becoming more common. Swedish ambulances are experimenting with technology to interrupt radio transmissions on the FM band with a warning that they are approaching, giving motorists more time to get out of the way.
A 2018 report from the Canadian Red Cross said that:
“Canadian Red Cross’ ongoing surveillance of unintentional water-related fatalities tracked 398 snowmobile-related deaths over a period of 20 years and found that snowmobile immersion deaths were largely preventable.
The major risk group for snowmobile immersion deaths was 15- to 44-year-old males, with the largest number of deaths occurring among 25- to 34-year-olds.
Snowmobiling immersion incidents occurred while riders were travelling on ice, going off-road or off bridges, and 59% of incidents occurred on lakes.
Alcohol was present or suspected for 58% of fatalities 15 years of age and older (blood alcohol content was above the legal limit for 37%, below the limit for 12%, and suspected for 9%).
Only 3% of people who died in snowmobiling incidents were properly wearing a flotation device such as a lifejacket or survival suit.
Other immersion deaths involving motor vehicles on ice include ATV’s and ice fishing using a road vehicle.
Among deaths from immersion while on ice, 46% resulted from open holes in the ice, and 42% from falling through thin ice.”
A report from July 30, 2018 In Africa, “After Malaria and malnutrition, drowning is the cause of more deaths than any other. Although a relatively rare occurrence, aircraft incidents involving fatalities make headline news across the world, yet an overturned canoe resulting in just as many deaths does not.”
Summer of 2019
From an article in Aquatics International:
Summer of 2019 “saw a slight increase in the number of children under 15 who fatally drowned in a U.S. pool or spa.
At least 150 children in that age bracket died in U.S. pools and spas, according to the USA Swimming Foundation and the Consumer Product Safety Commission, which collaborate in CPSC’s Pool Safely campaign.
“Texas saw the most reported pool/spa drownings of children under 15, with 26 occurring this summer. Other states with a high number of incidents included Ohio (11), Florida (10), California (10), Pennsylvania (8), Arizona (7) and Georgia (7).”
The Los Angeles Times reported in 2022:
“Each year, there are about 3,960 fatal drownings in the United States, or about 11 drownings per day, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Fatal and nonfatal drownings in pools remain particularly high so far this year, according to a report from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission.”
The May 2022 U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission report is at:
This chart from the report shows the percentages of drowning at public pools compared to homes:
see also: History of swimming section
Two thirds of drowning victims are good swimmers. Why you should wear a lifejacket.
Peter’s Laws for the Navigation of Life,
(Dr. Peter Safar, see 1950’s and 1960 above),
The Creed of the Sociopathic Obsessive Compulsive:
1. If anything can go wrong, fix it!
2. When given a choice, take both.
3. Multiple projects lead to multiple successes.
4. Start at the top and work your way up.
5. Do it by the book… but be the author.
6. When forced to compromise, ask for more.
7. If you can’t beat them, join them, and then beat them.
8. If it’s worth doing, it’s got to be done now!
9. If you can’t win, change the rules.
10. If you can’t change the rules, then ignore them.
11. Perfection is not optional.
12. When faced without a challenge, make one.
13. “No” simply means begin again at one level higher.
14. Don’t walk when you can run.
15. Bureaucracy is a challenge to be conquered with a righteous attitude, a tolerance for stupidity, and a bulldozer when necessary.
16. When in doubt, THINK!
17. Patience is a virtue, but persistence to the point of success is a blessing.
18. The squeaky wheel gets replaced.
19. The faster you move, the slower time passes, the longer you live!
20. Death is not the enemy but occasionally needs help with timing
21: When on thin ice, dance.
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|국가/구분||United States(US) Patent 등록|
|미국특허분류(USC)||188/0725; 188/0715; 188/170; 192/0910R|
|발명자 / 주소|
|출원인 / 주소|
|대리인 / 주소||
|인용정보||피인용 횟수 : 19 인용 특허 : 22|
The present disclosure relates to a braking device having a service brake and a parking brake. The braking device includes a housing and a shaft that extends at least partially through the housing. The shaft is rotatable relative to the housing about a longitudinal axis. A stack of plates is spaced axially along the shaft. At least one of the plates is adapted to rotate in concert with the shaft. The stack of plates includes a first axial end positioned opposite from a second axial end. A spring structure is provided for compressing the stack of plates t...
1. A braking device having service brake and a parking brake, the braking device comprising:a housing including at least a one-piece pressure plate and a cover, the one-piece pressure plate and the cover being arranged in opposition with respect to one another, the one-piece pressure plate defining first and second piston chambers; a shaft that extends at least partially through the housing, the shaft being rotatable relative to the housing about a longitudinal axis; a rotor plate mounted on the shaft, the rotor plate being adapted to rotate in concert w... | <urn:uuid:29612ec1-2da1-41f7-b7fc-baf90227ce65> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scienceon.kisti.re.kr/srch/selectPORSrchPatent.do?cn=USP2002066405837 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.905312 | 462 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Personally, I find the concept of celebrities supporting a cause a bit interesting. Don’t get me wrong, I think it’s great to see people use their fame to positively impact the lives of others or give fuel to a movement. That said, I can never help but wonder if they are doing it for the publicity or truly because they care. It’s a somewhat judgmental thought I know, but a little skeptical part of me has a hard time believing that a person who has an unbelievable amount of talent and star power would take their time to help someone else.
Perhaps that’s why I find myself giving a great deal of respect to celebrities who’ve actually taken the initiative to start a philanthropy of their own and stick it out even after the cameras and journalists are gone. Better yet, if they were never there.
But what truly gets me, as always, is the story behind the “Why”. So without further delay, here’s my ode to a few (of the many) celebrities doing BIG things in the social GOOD space.
Ryan Lewis and the 30/30 project | http://3030project.org
In 1984, when giving birth to his older sister, Ryan Lewis’ mother (Julie Lewis) received a blood transfusion due to a complication in her delivery. As she would later come to find out, the blood she’d received was infected with HIV and following her diagnosis in 1990, was given only a few years to live. However, with the help of advanced medicine and healthcare, she celebrated her 30th year surviving HIV in 2014. In honor of this, Ryan and Julie Lewis began to raise funds to improve access to healthcare and medicine in HIV/AIDS infected areas. They are partnering with Construction for Change to build medical centers to help other who are affected by this disease.
As of date, 30/30 Project is well on its way to meet its goal of building 30 medical facilities worldwide, including countries like India, Malawi and beyond.
Salma Hayek/Beyonce and Chime for Change | http://www.chimeforchange.orgSalma Hayek and Beyonce cofounded Chime for Change as a campaign that raises funds and awareness for health, education and justice for girls and women around the world. Since its inception, it has received support and awareness from several celebrities
Ben Affleck and ECI - Eastern Congo Initiative | http://www.easterncongo.orgFounded by Ben Affleck in 2010, ECI was created to help the people of Eastern Congo create a sustainable and successful society. They work as an advocacy and grant-making initiative that increases the quality and quantity of public and private funding that supports communities and citizens of eastern congo, raise public awareness about the tremendous needs and opportunity in the region and drive policy change that increases US government engagement in Congo.
Adrian Grenier/Peter Glatzer and SHFT | http://www.shft.comA digital media platform that allows users to read, watch, shop and share all things sustainable. It’s as easy as signing up the site and being notified. It’s an easy way to learn about all of the sustainable options that are out there, even for those non-tree huggers out there.
Hugh Jackman and Laughing Man Foundation Coffee | http://laughingmanfoundation.orgPartnering with Keurig, Hugh Jackman created a fair trade coffee. He was inspired on a trip to Ethiopia back in 2009 when he was traveling there to film a documentary. Meeting a man named Dukale, Hugh was touched by his hard work as a farmer and his attempt at trying to break the cycle of poverty he faced. He made a promise to help him, and in 2011 created the Laughing Man Foundation Coffee and two cafe’s in NYC. All profits from the coffee are donated to help community initiatives around the world.
Matt Damon and Water.org | http://www.water.orgIn 2006 Matt Damon started an organization called H20 Africa after witnessing the lack of water available to so many while filming in Africa. Meanwhile Gary White created an organization called Water Partners International that was born out of a fundraiser for a village in El Honduras. Matt Damon and Gary White met in 2006 and joined forces to create Water.org, an organization that serves to break the barriers between people and access to safe water and sanitation.
Jessica Biel and Make the Difference Network | http://www.makethedifference.comJessica Biel co-founded the organization after helping a fan who had muscular dystrophy. After he passed away, the network was created as a way to connect charities with potential donors. The organization works as a social network that increases awareness for small and medium non-profit organizations by increasing their visibility and empowering potential donors to search, select and fund these organizations.
Jessica Alba and The Honest Company | http://www.honest.comJessica Alba started The Honest Company after becoming a mother. With two daughters, she wanted to give her kids the best start possible and wanted to help other mothers do the same. The products are aimed at being eco-friendly and chemical free. And each purchase made helps give back to another organization aimed at improving family lives.
What about you? What are your favorite celebrities involved in philanthropy? Share them with us in the comments section below! | <urn:uuid:555388e9-fd6a-4ea6-8129-b41cd79eeb73> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.miigle.com/story/8-celebrities-you-didnt-know-helped-start-philanthropies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.966113 | 1,115 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Make & Fold Your Innovator Passport (or booklet for Story Telling).
- Learn how to fold this passport to create a small book.
- Earn your stamp by completing 4 + challenges.
- Fill out the "I Completed 4 Challenges" page, cut it out, and drop your raffle ticket into the raffle box.
- Innovators Passport- 8.5" x 11"
DIY Build your Innovator Passport
Make something at Tinker Studio:
Your Challenge is to Make Something. Fill in what you made. Use any of the challenges to make something - like create a passport, Make a Stamp, Paper Pop-up, Circuits, Cardboard Challenge, Strawbees + more.
MAKE it move
Find challenges with the Make It Move stamp. Write it up! What moved? Your challenge is to make something move - Cardboard Challenge, Circuits, Marble Run, Rube Goldberg, Automata- Simple Machine and more
Light it Up
Find challenges with the light up stamp and complete one of them. What did you make that lit up? Circuits, Paper Circuits, Squishy Circuits, Bee Bot, Makey Makey, Robotics and more opportunities to light it up! Robotics
Ideas for your classroom
Any idea sparks for uses in your classroom? Complete the Lesson Idea sticky note and post it on the Tinker Wall. AND share your lesson idea online here. https://goo.gl/LJLwBk
Share and post your lesson idea on the Tinker wall (at each station- we will add to online list)
Make it work
Find challenges with the Make It Work stamp. What did you do to make it work? Complete any of the challenges and make something work.
Take a PIC & POST your creation. Share it on twitter/instagram- What was your best take-away? | <urn:uuid:80d06cc6-9c6d-4b5b-99c8-75f5e28aa3be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tinker-studio.weebly.com/innovator-passport--minibooks.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.841152 | 423 | 2.15625 | 2 |
What Can I Use To Soak Up Water In My Yard
What Can I Use To Soak Up Water In My Yard. The quickest way to get rid of mud can be done by applying lime. How to soak up water in backyard:
You would end up wondering how water ended up soaking your entire yard. In the presence of acids, the response soaks up so much water. 23 awesome diy rainwater harvesting systems you can build at home from morningchores.com.
The Quickest Way To Get Rid Of Mud Can Be Done By Applying Lime.
Water soaks away in the amended soil, or plants take it up in their roots. Pussy willow, a wetland shrub. Surface runoff or rainwater collecting in your backyard can be soaked up in a number of ways:
From Willows To Sweet Woodruff To Iris, Choose Plants.
Soak up a muddy yard with kitty litter. For hardpan problems, a shovel may be the best solution. Pussy willow, a wetland shrub.
The Mulch Will Slowly Release The Moisture Into The Soil So That It Can Be Absorbed By The Plants.
The same reason makes them responsible for making muddy soil dry. The way to do this would be to apply a layer of soil on your lawn, around 1/4 to 1/2 inch thick, from eight to 12 weeks. 23 awesome diy rainwater harvesting systems you can build at home from morningchores.com.
Designed To Drain Within 48 Hours To Prevent Mosquitoes From Breeding, A Rain Garden Absorbs Water From Roofs, Driveways, Sidewalks And Other Impermeable Surfaces Before It Can Flood Your Yard.
What soaks up water in yard? Discover how to stop water from pouring in your yard! Water soaks away in the amended soil, or plants take it up in their roots.
Using This Method, You Can Even Out Low Areas By Applying Soil Layers Over Your Existing Grass.
You would end up wondering how water ended up soaking your entire yard. Spread the dry soil evenly over the depression using a shovel or, better still, a drop spreader. Look for the source first. | <urn:uuid:8cef05db-14b0-4981-b88d-3e9baeb1970d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ogniwa-paliwowe.info/what-can-i-use-to-soak-up-water-in-my-yard/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.875336 | 462 | 2.15625 | 2 |
While it may be fashionable for a moment, deep, rich colors or bright, vibrant hues in clothing can also indicate that the materials have been dyed with very harsh chemicals. Textiles have to be treated with a myriad of chemicals to produce colors in fashionable psychedelic shades. According to Greenpeace, almost 20% of industrial water waste is from textile dyes and treatment. To avoid this, think neutral. The less colorful, the fewer (if any) dyes are used. Always look for organic fabrics, or even better, try to shop secondhand.
ANDREWS MCMEEL SYNDICATION | <urn:uuid:3886e146-cbdb-4429-a92b-b0c65eec34af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.uexpress.com/life/do-just-one-thing/2019/04/21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.938362 | 122 | 2.546875 | 3 |
It's a Wednesday morning and I'm in Covent Garden. As 8.30am hits, a room full of journalists munching on croissants and an assortment of other pastries make their way into a small, private cinema to witness a film which those before them have called "Outstanding" (The Guardian) and "Inspirational" (everyone ever).
It's the official press screening for the BAFTA nominated Best Documentary, He Named Me Malala - telling the story of Malala Yousafzai, the youngest ever winner of the Nobel Peace Prize.
Constructing the sentence "Malala Yousafzai, the youngest ever winner of the Nobel Peace Prize" is a victory in itself for Malala and her father Ziauddin Yousafzai. When we speak to him, he tells us "In the beginning, Malala was known as that girl who was shot by the Talaban. It was really painful for me as a father and for my wife. Whenever she was mentioned her introduction was 'the girl who was shot' - but people didn't know why she was shot. What was the story behind that shooting? This film tells that story. It was not a collective damage that she was shot, she was shot because she was standing for the right for education and she was standing for freedom. We wanted this story to be known to the world and, I always say, this is not the story of just one girl. This is the story of millions of girls who are out of school. And it is the story of millions of refugees as well."
Zia brings up an important point, and one that is reiterated many times through-out the film. What makes Malala's story so unique, is that it isn't unique. And, despite her heroism internationally, Malala is still a normal teenager. When asking her what she likes to do for fun, she replies "I like lots of things. I have no limits for doing things. I love to be with my friends, playing games, fighting with my brothers. That's really good fun! Especially when you are fighting against your brothers. They argue a lot, especially the little one, and it's extremely hard to argue with him - he has an answer for everything. And the older one you can defeat him with two or three words. He's fine but the little one is very small, even though he is 11 he is still very small but he is very clever".
Aged 15, Malala was shot in the head by a Taliban gunman in October 2012 - her "crime" was to have spoken up for the rights of girls to be educated. This compelling film (directed by Davis Guggenheim) tells the story of Malala's family and shows how an extraordinarily brave young girl, inspired by her father, refused to be silenced.
Malala: That incident in my life, in a way, changed me and changed my whole story and before the attack I used to get a little bit scared about what would happen if someone came and took me, if the Taliban came to stop me. I used to think about that but after the incident I realised that I'm surviving and I'm alive and there is some reason for it. A bullet going near to your brain, into a place where you can't even imagine that you could survive. But I am still surviving and I'm in good health; I can talk, I can walk, I can live like a normal person. And so there is some reason that I'm surviving and I think that reason is to help people and to continue this fight for education and now education has become part of my life - working for it, fighting for it, this is my life now".
And Malala's story is resonating with people around the world.
Zia: We receive cards from all over the world. Every week there is a bunch of assignments done by different schools and teachers send them to us. We try to go through them, but it's very difficult to read all of them. We respond to some of them. A girl wrote from India and she wrote that she has inspired her a lot. She said that she used to want to be a doctor, but now she wants to become a politician and I hope that one day I'll be the Prime Minister of India, and you the Prime Minister of Pakistan, and we will make peace! It was so inspiring.
"One person wrote to us from Japan. He enclosed a note of 10,000 yen in the envelope. He wrote that he's a poet and he's poor without much money, but he wanted us to accept this money for the Malala Fund and spend it on education. There are many many stories like this".
Perhaps a more surprising element of He Named Me Malala is the revelation that Malala would like to be able to return to her home in the Swat Valley again - although she knows the danger. "I'm hoping that we will be able to go to Pakistan very soon and I am very excited about that. Being away from your own country for three years is very hard. We came to the UK not from our own choice but circumstances. People in the UK have been very welcoming and kind and we are grateful for their love and support, but it's difficult to live in a situation where it's not your own choice and we are hoping to be able to go [to Pakistan]. I'm pretty sure that after I finish my studies I will definitely work in Pakistan and that has been my dream for years and years, to help my country. Before we left I saw terrorism, I saw girls being denied the right to education. So the journey started there and I want it to take me back there and I'm hopeful that it will."
After Malala was shot, doctors in one of Pakistan's military hospitals (where she was admitted) suggested that she fly to the UK in an emergency procedure to save her life. She has been here every since, roughly 3 years ago. This is a key feature of the documentary and is well-documented, "In the beginning it was quite hard to settle in this totally different country with a new culture and for me, especially school, was totally different, it was a new way of teaching, a new way of examinations, and a new way of friendships. But with the passage of time it has gotten much better now and we have lots of friends and at my school I have lots of friends and I just feel like I'm a Brummie now. I'm a total Brummie and I do feel like my accent is changing a bit, not in interviews, but at home when I talk it's totally different."
By the time I was 17, the most I had ever won was a certificate for "Best Improvement in ICT", albeit this is a feat that should still be rewarded, it doesn't quite compare to Malala's Nobel Peace Prize.
Perhaps one of the strongest moments of the film is when Malala doesn't win the Nobel Peace Prize in 2013, and her and her father remind us that it's not the awards that matter - but the work. In 2014, she was finally awarded the Prize, "When I received it I was not expecting it at all... I was honoured and I received the prize for standing up for children and their education and it gave me strength and more courage to know that it is time that we focus more on the issue of education because many children are deprived of the right to go to school. It's a very important issue and the Nobel Peace Prize gave me the opportunity to spread the message across the world."
Not just is Malala's story incredible, but it's becoming increasingly relatable. Whilst not all 18 year olds have won a Nobel Peace Prize for being a world leader in promoting education - the struggles that Malala faces being a young person, a refugee, moving to the UK is a contentious issue. It's taken a toll on her education too, "Right now it feels like I have two different lives. One is the girl at home fighting with her brothers, living like a normal girl, going to school, doing homework and exams. So one is that girl and then there is another girl who speaks out for education, so it seems like two different lives, but the reality is that it's one girl doing all those things. I'm trying my best every day to connect the two together and consider it as part of my life because it's just me. I'm going to school like a normal student and having to prepare for exams and being the girl that speaks out. So both of these are part of my life and both are me."
Whilst the short term future for Malala may hold dreams of completing her A Levels and going on to study PPE at Oxford - the long term is a much bigger picture, and one that sounds extraordinary and unbelievable coming from most people, but seems somewhat more plausible coming from Malala, "I think hopefully I will have finished my school and university education in the coming 10 years and I'm hoping that I will be doing great work in Pakistan, helping children to go to school. I have a strong commitment to my country. I promised to myself that I would help Pakistan become a better country and to help the people of Pakistan receive peace and make sure that they get a quality education and they see development. It's really sad to know that in this world on one side there is technology and all these new devices on the other side there are children who can't go to school at all, there are people who don't have basic facilities. So I am hoping to be able to help my country and whichever way possible, I will do it."
As the clock hits 10.00am, the documentary is over and most of the small, private cinema is on the verge of tears. He Named Me Malala comes with a sharp underlying message that no matter who you are, or what your circumstances are, you can make a difference. And for Malala, she is optimistic that she is making the right ones for the future of girls' education.
Malala: "I am very optimistic but in terms of taking decisions and what should be done next, I am careful. I do think about both sides of an argument. But I am optimistic and I am hopeful that there will be change but it's when will that change come? When will it be sorted out? When will things be better? Is that in 100 years? 50 years? 30 years? How much time will pass? And when will the world leaders give time to it? That's why we say that we need to speak for education right now because if we remain silent then world leaders, whose children are in very good schools and very good universities, wouldn't give time to the education of other children. So it's important that we highlight the issues right now. We need to continue to keep it in the spotlight."
There are no words to contest with Malala's sentiment. Whilst jokes about boyfriends and Minions may make her crack up and laugh, there's nothing that can break the focus of her goal.
He Named Me Malala (about Malala Yousafzai- the youngest Nobel Prize winner, women's education activist, Minions fan and 'most inspiring person ever' award winner for the rest of her life) premiere's on National Geographic UK on the 1st of March at 9.00pm. | <urn:uuid:e885aa33-c87b-4999-aa38-e1b9c0abf20d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/james-gilmore/malala-yousafzai_b_9247038.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.987638 | 2,336 | 1.820313 | 2 |
“Safeguards are only an accessory, they must be cheap and they can be made in such a way” – cit.
This sentence is with us for many years and it seems to be the most common way of thinking in the universe of the builders.
Fortunately, the norms don’t permit us to join this way of thinking and impose to us very precise parameters to be used to study our solutions.
Each safeguard has the necessity to satisfy different requirements to defend the safety of the operators and to avoid at the maximum the risk of accidents.
Fix, movable and interlocking devices. What must be chosen?
It depends on the characteristics of the machine and from the level of criticality deriving from the risks’ analysis.
In the meantime, with this video, we try to understand the differences between the different types. | <urn:uuid:4bc9dd30-43a9-4134-9170-6034fdcfcd89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.protezionimacchinealimentari.it/en/2020/01/14/what-is-a-safeguard-and-when-it-is-compulsory-their-use/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.936962 | 176 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Today in this article, we will be listing all FUTMINNA Courses and programs alongside the various requirements for each of the Courses Offered at the Federal University of Technology Minna.
So, if your reason for landing on this page is in search of the courses offered at FUTMINNA, then you are in the right place. On this page, you will find both undergraduate courses and programs offered in the Federal University of Technology Minna (FUTMINNA) as approved by NUC alongside requirements for each of the courses.
Courses offered in FUTMINNA & Requirements
If you are a JAMB candidate who wants to apply for admission into FUTMINNA and desire to know the courses they offer, then check out the list below. If you want to see the requirements for each of the FUMINNA courses, then click on the particular course.
It’s important that you note that all the courses offered by the Federal University of Technology Minna (FUTMINNA) which have been listed here are all accredited by the National Universities Commission (NUC).
FUTMINNA Courses & Requirement
- Animal Production.
- Agric-Economics And Extension.
- Crop Production.
- Food Science And Technology.
- Food Science And Nutrition.
- Soil Science.
- Entrepreneurship And Business Studies.
- Education And Biology.
- Education And Chemistry.
- Education & Mathematics.
- Education & Physics.
- Education And Geography/Physics.
- Education Technology.
- Education And Science.
- Industrial And Technology Education.
- Library And Information Technology.
- Science Education.
- Agricultural And Bioresources Engineering.
- Aquaculture And Fisheries Technology.
- Civil Engineering.
- Chemical Engineering.
- Computer Engineering.
- Estate Management.
- Electrical And Computer Engineering.
- Information And Media Technology.
- Mechatronics Engineering.
- Mechanical Engineering.
- Project Management Technology.
- Quantity Surveying.
- Surveying And Geoinformatics.
- Telecommunication Engineering.
- Transport Management Technology.
- Urban And Regional Planning.
- Water Resources.
- Biological Science(S).
- Computer With Statistics.
- Computer Science.
- Cyber Security Science.
- Mathematics With Computer Science.
- Mathematics With Statistics.
The above listed are all the courses offered by FUTMINNA Courses alongside Requirement. If you have any question as regards to this topic, feel free to use the comment section to either leave your question and your email address so we can mail you everything you need to successfully apply for each of the desired course without mistakes. | <urn:uuid:d5eb7f7a-08de-4461-8f61-2a2e2b4bc127> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://universitygist.com/futminna-courses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.782856 | 658 | 1.828125 | 2 |
The pgrep is a command-line utility used to find the process IDs of a running application. It’s inlcuded in procps package and pre-installed on most of the Linux distributions. The process name can be full or partial, which running by a user or other attributes. This article we will discuss the basics of the Linux
Make Linux Great Again
Stacer is a GUI based application written in C++ to monitor and optimize Linux OS. The latest build version of Stacer is 1.1.0, which provides all in one stop for our common activities we perform using Terminal like package management, process management, Host details, CPU, Network and Disk monitoring, startup applications, and a few more.
It’s been six years since Heartbleed was first discovered, and the OpenSSL vulnerability can still be found and exploited across the internet. As a matter of fact, 19% of global attacks target the OpenSSL Heartbleed vulnerability due to the volume of unpatched public-facing servers. Whether it’s from poor scanning or fear of rebooting production servers,
In Python, lists are the mostly used data type to store collections of the same type data. This guide shows you how to find the length of a list in Python. len() Function# The len() function is a built-in function of Python, used to get the length of a specified object. It can be a
IDLE is an Integrated and learning environment created with Python using the GUI Tkinter toolkit. This is mainly used by beginners to get familiar with Python. IDLE is a cross-platform application that works with Mac OS, Windows, and Linux. In windows, IDLE comes by default with the installation. For Mac OS and Linux, we have
In this article, I have reviewed of some the best photo editing software available on different Linux distributions. These are not the only photo editors available but are among the best and commonly used by Linux users. Related Article: 8 Best Video Editing Software I Discovered for Linux 1. GIMP First, on the list, we
Sometimes, in your system some applications becomes unresponsive and unexpectedly crashes. Even after starting again it will not work because of the application process not shuts down completely. In such situation, you need to stop or terminate the process or kill the application process. In Linux, you can kill the process using multiple ways. This
While you can always have a peek at Apache log files to get information about your webserver such as active connections, you can get a very detailed overview of your web server’s performance by enabling the mod_status module. What is the mod_status module? The mod_status module is an Apache module that allows users to access
Roundcube is a free and open-source, fully-featured web-based multilingual IMAP webmail software, with an application-like user interface that is fully functional and customizable, and uses the latest web standards. It is built using PHP and offers full functionality that you can expect from a modern email client. Roundcube Features: It’s multilingual, supports over 70 languages.
Lists are one of the most commonly used data types in Python and are used to store collections of items of the same type. This article shows how to find the length of a list. len() Function # Python has a built-in function len() that returns the length of a given object. The object can | <urn:uuid:069476f3-bf32-4d53-98e6-734aa4f0b3b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://designlinux.com/2020/09/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.891323 | 709 | 2.265625 | 2 |
McAfee Antivirus security software is a totally free anti malware application produced and maintained by The security software Incorporated (previously known as Intel Security and Network Associates). It’s unavailable as a standalone application, but is also incorporated with McAfee LiveSafe, Mcafee Anti-virus Plus, The security software Total Safeguards and McAfee Defensive player. The main difference between this and a paid edition of the software is that the totally free software includes only standard protection. In order to make sure your pc is protected from each of the possible threats, the program will supply protection, nevertheless it’s only a matter of time before this stops doing work.
There are many techniques to patrol your computer via McAfee Antivirus security software, but in in an attempt to make this last a although, we need to get around rather than www.beastapps.net/mcafee-business-antivirus-review simply install it. I’ll share with you tips to help you keep your system secure.
First, the simplest way to make your computer system stay healthy and well-protected is to work regular reads with the anti virus application. This can be done by running the software program as often just like you like, but also upon scheduled days. You should try to schedule that for one moment after your computer happens to be unplugged in the mains. For those who have a dedicated laptop computer, make sure that you set it up so that it’s always on while asleep time.
Another way to keep your McAfee Anti virus program jogging smoothly is usually to update that regularly. This could take a few hours each month, however it will ensure that there usually are any fresh viruses or viruses that could contaminate your computer. Be certain that you’re working the most recent system available in order that you don’t come across problems with this. This will likewise prevent your computer from heading down if you’re using outdated types.
Finally, make certain you’re employing the very best virus reader software obtainable. This way, you will the best security and it will not need to be overused, resulting in your computer to slow down or perhaps freeze up. There are many applications out there, and also you need to get the one that works the best for your type of computer system. Some of the popular ones happen to be Xoftspyse, Norton Antivirus.
Hopefully, these tips will assist you to protect your laptop or computer against trojan infections. and protect your computer from the many other issues that come with them.
Requisite security tip is to redesign your anti-virus software regularly. Actually it’s probably the best way to guard your computer via most of the conditions that come along with having an anti virus program jogging at all times. It will stop the software program from getting to be outdated and definitely will keep your computer operating properly.
Anti virus software is anything that’s extremely important when it comes to protecting your computer out of malware and other malicious software program. And because of this, you need to keep your anti virus software updated with new anti-virus versions to remain your computer when safe as it can be. | <urn:uuid:87eb4f94-39b0-4c92-96ea-ece237509834> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sipsap.eu/2020/11/16/how-you-can-keep-your-the-security-software-antivirus-software-program-up-to-date/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.954187 | 665 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Data Availability StatementThe authors concur that all data underlying the results are fully available without limitation. higher manifestation in CSC was rhabdomyosarcoma particular. Inhibition of lysosomal acidification from the V-ATPase inhibitor omeprazole, or by particular siRNA silencing, enhanced doxorubicin cytoxicity significantly. Unexpectedly, lysosomal focusing on also clogged cell development and decreased S-Ruxolitinib the intrusive potential of rhabdomyosarcoma CSC, actually at suprisingly low dosages of omeprazole (10 and 50 M, respectively). Predicated on these observations, we propose lysosome acidity as a very important target to improve chemosensitivity of rhabdomyosarcoma CSC, and recommend the usage of anti-V-ATPase real estate agents in conjunction with regular regimens like a guaranteeing device for the eradication of minimal residual disease or preventing metastatic disease. Intro Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) may be the most typical solid tumor in years as a child, histologically offering different patterns of striated muscle tissue differentiation and seen as a a very intense S-Ruxolitinib clinical behavior . Although the results of RMS individuals has considerably improved within the last two decades predicated on the usage of medical procedures and/or rays therapy in conjunction with chemotherapy, relapses still happen in 30C40% of nonmetastatic individuals. Furthermore, about 15% of kids with RMS display proof systemic disease during diagnosis. These risky subjects possess limited treatment plans and an unhealthy prognosis , therefore the urgent have to determine novel therapies predicated on a thorough understanding of RMS biology. A growing body of proof shows that the inadequacy of current anticancer remedies to eliminate minimal residual disease and stop relapse partly depends upon their inability to focus on the subset of quiescent or low-proliferating tumor cells, referred to as tumor stem cells (CSC) . CSC had been first determined in leukemias and consequently described in a number of solid tumors , , , including sarcomas , , , , . It really is approved that CSC effectively start tumors generally, screen stem-like features, and so are in charge of systemic and community relapse because of unresponsiveness to anticancer real estate agents . A romantic relationship between CSC and minimal residual disease continues to be reported , highly suggesting that focusing on these cells would keep a considerable potential to boost the results of individuals S-Ruxolitinib treated with regular anticancer real estate agents. Indeed, CSC-like chemoresistant components have already been determined also in RMS currently, . Microenvironmental circumstances have the ability to considerably modulate the stemness phenotype under physiological circumstances as well as with cancer. In the CSC market Specifically, tumor cells react to hypoxia by switching from aerobic respiration to glycolysis, which produces lactic acidity and causes regional acidosis. The current presence of such peculiar microenvironmental features continues S-Ruxolitinib to be linked to the induction and maintenance of multipotency and stemness . Extracellular acidosis can be a significant participant in the development and maintenance of CSC consequently, because, by itself, can promote a stem-like phenotype. It really is known that malignant tumors currently, including sarcomas, are seen as a an acidic extracellular environment which cancer cells generally include a significant quantity of acidic lysosomes. These features are commensurate with several top features of malignancy, including resistance and invasiveness to anticancer therapies . In fact, build up of basic medicines into acidic vesicles, or their neutralization through acidification from the extracellular environment is an efficient system of chemoresistance and could facilitate tumor invasion , . For this good reason, the CSC behaviour is influenced by biophysical and biochemical variables from the extracellular compartment. GUB In S-Ruxolitinib this scholarly study, we explored the part of lysosome acidification, suffered from the vacuolar (H+)-ATPase (V-ATPase). | <urn:uuid:ed638765-05bd-467f-8593-1e277193fad9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://naturalistes-st-lupicin.com/%EF%BB%BFdata-availability-statementthe-authors-concur-that-all-data-underlying-the-results-are-fully-available-without-limitation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.928897 | 911 | 1.796875 | 2 |
JAXA has just released an overview of its activities in February, in its monthly press release which outlines the previous month’s activities.
This month’s release gave an overview of the 3rd Space Environment Utilization and Kibo Utilization Workshop (SEKUW), a multilateral initiative that was held from Feb 9-10 in Bangkok, Thailand.
During this workshop, two interesting announcements were made, which are significant for ASEAN’s space efforts – the first, that Thailand will launch a new CubeSat mission using JAXA’s JEM Small Satellite Orbital Deployer (J-SSOD), and Singapore will launch a new nanosatellite mission known as SpooQy-1.
Another startling announcement was the setting up of the Thai National Space Exploration program, whose main objective is a manned space program. The preliminary objective is to determine valuable research on experiments in space.
This year’s workshop is the third annual workshop jointly organized by Thailand and JAXA’s Kibo Utilization Office for Asia (KUOA), which was established in 2010 to help Asia-Pacific countries make use of Japan’s ISS experiment module, known as Kibo.
KUOA is the result of the Asia-Pacific Regional Space Agency Forum (APRSAF), which began in 2005 to promote collaboration between Asia-Pacific countries in space activities.
APRSAF and KUOA have thus far begun a number of regional initiatives, which include the ongoing Asian Try Zero-G competition, which invites youths to submit ideas that can be implemented by Japanese astronauts aboard the ISS. | <urn:uuid:185c5807-559a-4992-a81d-eef6762f1970> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.spacetechasia.com/thailand-singapore-announce-new-missions-at-the-3rd-space-environment-and-kibo-utilization-workshop/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.947128 | 339 | 2 | 2 |
Rome _ Italy
Municipality of Roma
The basic idea of lighting the Termini junction in Rome, between Line A and Line B, starts from the desire to create a comfortable, inviting and particularly attractive situation for a metro interior.
A lighting design that goes beyond simple functionality has been defined, coloured scenographies have been defined to vary the perception of the connection and transit spaces.
All the interior walls were designed according to a certain module and with integrated lights positioned horizontally to highlight the concept of movement and dynamism.
The escalators were defined with two scenes: a neutral, white, functional one; a second amber orange, warm and welcoming. Kingsize light domes have been designed to give light and aesthetic value to the vaults of the dock, a white light diffused towards the floor and a cobalt light towards the sail, a slight decoration of light but which together with the blued lights of the arches gives lightness to the otherwise imposing architectural space. A functionally aesthetic idea of light. | <urn:uuid:22dabc52-567a-4036-8a5b-0199a9376ddd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://depontestudio.com/en/lighting-design-2/metropolitana-termini/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.918233 | 232 | 1.648438 | 2 |
34 - Right Fierce & Terrible
Most people think of the 100 Years War as a battle over the geography and dynastic questions of who would rule which parts of France.
Known for its sieges, sackings, lots of misery, a few large battles like Crecy and Agincourt, and famous leaders like the Black Prince and Joan of Arc. But naval battles?
Actually, the first significant action of the Hundred (and 15) Years War took place off the coast of Flanders in 1340. And changed everything. The French had been dominating the Channel, largely through the services of hired Genoese galleys. They sacked several English cities and spread terror and dissatisfaction (with Edward) amongst the population, halting the wool and wine trade, plus spreading the very real fear that the French might invade. The Battle of Sluys was a decisive victory for Edward III that gave the English command of the Channel and insured that the rest of the war would be fought on French soil.
Now, this important but little known battle is yours for the trying, with Right Fierce & Terrible: The Battle of Sluys, the game and core of ATO #34. Place yourself in the decisions faced by Edward III or the French admirals as you decide who will rule the waves and perhaps rule France. But, if your expectations of the period center on arrows, swords, and the deadly close-in fighting of armored knights, RF&T is still the game for you. One might almost ask, “Is it a naval game or a land game? And the answer is “both.” Archery, ramming, grappling, and desperate melee are the tools of battle here, aimed at wearing away the enemy fleet’s morale.
Your morale will enjoy the color, 22 x 34 inch map and full ONE INCH counters, and your mind will enjoy the intrigue of designer Jeremy White’s unusual game system, in which the “battlefield” of harbor and estuary is “built” as the game progresses, meaning that no two experiences will be quite the same. SEVEN scenarios allow you to explore the questions that have puzzled historians for years, and the two-three hour game play and quick-set-up diagrams mean you can try one approach and swap sides to try another, knowing much will be different this time around. Jeremy’s rules are very accessible and include extensive examples of play. Edward III was wounded at Sluys but won one of his most important victories. Can you change history?
Bonus Game Inside! Also included in this issue is a bonus game. Schwarm! is by the same designer as RF&T above, Jeremy White (along with co-pilot Mark Aasted).
This small solitaire game depicts a common event from WW2, some German fighters trying to pick off a stray B-17.
Right Fierce & Terrible and issue #34 of ATO:
Map - One full color 22"x34" mapsheet
Counters - Over 170 full color assorted die-cut pieces
Rules length - 10 pages
Charts and tables - 2 pages
Complexity - Medium
How challenging is it solitaire?- Average
Design - Jeremy White
Development - Lembit Tohver
Graphics - Mark Mahaffey
Like the topic, designer, or types of challenges in this game?
You may also be interested in this product:
26 - There Must Be a Victory
See more of the Right Fierce & Terrible game graphics (big download).
Click here to view the contents spread below (in PDF format) for this issue of Against the Odds Magazine!
Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader version 6 or later.
Free download here.
Download the Right Fierce & Terrible rulebook (in PDF format).
Read more about this game on BoardGameGeek
Read more about this game on Consimworld
And, the publisher of this game recommends the books below if you would like to learn even more about this battle: | <urn:uuid:d0bb388f-52bc-47fa-9a5b-1a61b66a3f22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.atomagazine.com/Details.cfm?ProdID=88&category=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.937813 | 858 | 2.25 | 2 |
Pine Wood Sailer
Model Boat Building and Sailing Regattas
Seaworthy Small Ships’ model boat building and sailing regattas are both educational and fun. They can be used as educational activities for teaching cultural and maritime heritage, history, art, math, science, manual and team building skills.
Model boat building and sailing can be conducted as a fund raiser or as a family oriented “hands on” activity at special events. Seaworthy Small Ships Pine Wood Sailer model boats are designed to be built and launched in minutes and entertain for hours. This makes them the perfect compliment to any event.
Regattas can be conducted indoors or outside. You will need tables, chairs and a pond. The pond needs level ground, good drainage and water access for filling. Personnel will be needed to conduct this activity.
- Pine Wood Sailer Model Boat Kits
- Round Tipped Safety Scissors
- Permanent Magic Markers
- Model Boat Pond
Complimentary Items and Services
Seaworthy Small Ships can be contracted to conduct or assist in conducting this model boat building and sailing activity. Costs vary due to the degree of participation by Seaworthy Small Ships. Travel expenses and lodging will also need to be provided. Our services to conduct the regatta include Seaworthy Small Ships’ personnel (other staffing may be needed), our model boat pond, all supplies and a fleet of our own completed boats. These completed boats are kept in the pond for anyone to sail during the activity. This is free of charge, all are invited to participate and it ensures fun for everyone.
Seaworthy Small Ships can construct a reusable model boat pond for you. Prices vary due to size. Contact us for price quotes on ponds and contracted services. | <urn:uuid:6652a0af-b6ca-4557-904b-bdf68da9bfb9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://seaworthysmallships.com/pinewood-regatta/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.947248 | 370 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Romania’s trade deficit has almost tripled over the past five years (2018 compared to 2013) to reach its highest level after 2008. The increase in imports, driven by strong domestic demand, has far exceeded the development of exports, which slowed against a backdrop of weaker economic growth in Europe. Imbalances are expected to continue growing this year, according to January data.
Romania’s foreign trade gap widened 62% year-on-year to reach 1.26 billion euros in January. Thus, the trade gap in the 12 months ending in January was 15.6 billion euros, which is 18.9% more than in the year ending in January 2018 and some 7.8 % of GDP. The data is reported in FOB / CIF terms by the National Institute of Statistics (INS) and shows that local producers are not meeting the growing demand.
Exports increased 1.6% year-on-year in January, the weakest performance since April 2017, to 5.51 billion euros. Imports, on the other hand, jumped 9.2% year on year to 6.77 billion euros. The disappointing performance of the country’s exports came against a backdrop of weakening prospects in Europe, Romania’s main export market, and is therefore also expected to prevail for some time. Imports, on the other hand, were driven by growing demand driven by household incomes. January’s foreign trade followed the trend observed in recent years, when Romania’s imports grew faster than exports. Imports in the rolling 12 months ending in January increased 9.0% year-on-year (to 83.4 billion euros) while exports grew only 7.0% year-on-year to 67.8 billion euros.
External deficits put pressure on the local currency, external debt
The trade deficit occurs when a country imports (for consumption or investment) more goods than it exports. When such deficits are large and persistent, as is the case in Romania, they usually appear in the form of exchange rate pressures – which, unsurprisingly, have become visible in Romania recently. Exchange rate corrections (to a weaker local currency) act as automatic stabilizers, making imports more expensive and stimulating exports. A moderate weakening of the currency is therefore expected, but it is far from sufficient to transform the trade deficit into a surplus. Moreover, in addition to the pressure on the exchange rate, persistent trade differentials usually appear in gross external debt (unless non-debt financing is found). Below 50% of GDP, Romania’s gross external debt is still moderate.
To exchange the balance is only part of the external balance
In the long run, a country must either balance its trade with goods or find another way to finance it – through a surplus in trade with services (net export of services) or through inflows of foreign investment. Accumulation of debt is an alternative, but the least sustainable. Romania finances its net imports of goods mainly through net exports of services (net exports of services covered more than half of net imports of goods in 2018) but also through inflows from the EU budget and remittances. wages (money sent home by Romanians working abroad). These financing resources not being sufficient, the country records a current account deficit (net outflow of money) which can be financed either by Foreign Direct Investments or by the accumulation of debt. Each of these two alternatives has its drawbacks: FDI leads to permanent outflows (dividends), while debt must be repaid. Romania’s gross external debt (GED) increased 5.4% (5.1 billion euros) year-on-year according to central bank data. In particular, the current account deficit of 9.4 billion euros in 2018 resulted in a smaller advance by the GED over the year. As a result, the GED / GDP ratio at the end of January 2019 was 48.7%, lower than the ratio of 49.6% calculated a year earlier at the end of January 2018 and a moderate level in absolute terms (compared to peers).
Romania’s current account (CA) deficit, which has as its core the net import of goods, is on the verge of exceeding the sustainability criterion (4% of GDP, the average over a three-year period). The CA recorded a deficit of 9.4 billion euros in 2018, 58% more than the deficit posted a year earlier, in 2017. Compared to the GDP for the year, the CA deficit widened from 3.2% in 2017 to 4.6% in 2018, thus reaching a level that exerts some pressure on the country’s external balances, heralding an exchange rate correction. Its magnitude depends on the elasticity of exports and imports, among others.
The widening trade gap is no surprise
From a broader perspective, the trade deficit came as no surprise, against the backdrop of consumer-led growth. The public forecasting body predicted a trade deficit of 14.7 billion euros in 2018, according to its forecasts published in February 2018, and the actual figure was only slightly higher: 15.1 billion euros. CNP correctly predicted that imports would grow faster than exports. Private consumption has been and will remain the main driver of growth in the years to come. In principle, this should not necessarily increase imports, but it depends on the ability of local producers to meet growing demand.
Rising domestic demand pushes up imports
The main driver of Romania’s trade deficit is robust domestic demand. Real final consumption reached 80% of GDP in 2018, compared to 76% in 2014-2015 and is close to the peak of 81% observed in 2008 before the recession. But weaker external demand has recently emerged as an increasingly important factor. Quarterly exports declined in the third and fourth quarters of last year compared to the first two quarters of the year, contrary to the seasonal trend. Annual export growth plunged to 2% -3% yoy in November-January, from a longer-term average of more than 8% yoy predicted by the state forecasting body.
The outlook remains volatile in a context of unrealistic public strategy
The CNP does not see any improvement in the foreign trade balance over the next four years: imports would grow by 9% per year (pa), against a more moderate increase of 8.5% per year in exports. Therefore, the trade gap is expected to increase by an average annual rate of 11.2%. Either way, the same CNP expects other inflows (funds from the EU budget) to offset the trade deficit and lead to a actually smaller current account deficit (2, 4% of GDP in 2022, compared to 4.5% of GDP in 2018). But the whole scenario is based on expectations of annual GDP growth rates of more than 5%. In a more realistic scenario, growth rates of around 3% would lead to lower trade deficits. Be that as it may, consensus projections indicate a turnover deficit of over 4% of GDP in the medium term. In the short term, the exchange rate correction and several large investment projects (eg Ford launching a new model) could mitigate the widening trade gap. However, in the longer term, investments in infrastructure and regulatory predictability (necessary for offshore gas projects in the Black Sea, but also for other private investors) are essential to achieve at least a sustainable trade balance.
By Iulian Ernst, editor-in-chief Romania-Insider.com; [email protected] | <urn:uuid:104c286a-945b-4304-85e2-a9f0721a89c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tapetradernetwork.com/chart-of-the-week-romanias-trade-balance-still-plunges-into-deficit-area/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.954643 | 1,525 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Area is the quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional figure or shape, or planar lamina, in the plane. Surface area is its analog on the two-dimensional surface of a three-dimensional object. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat. It is the two-dimensional analog of the length of a curve (a one-dimensional concept) or the volume of a solid (a three-dimensional concept).
The area of a shape can be measured by comparing the shape to squares of a fixed size. In the International System of Units (SI), the standard unit of area is the square metre (written as m2), which is the area of a square whose sides are one metre long. A shape with an area of three square metres would have the same area as three such squares. In mathematics, the unit square is defined to have area one, and the area of any other shape or surface is a dimensionless real number.
There are several well-known formulas for the areas of simple shapes such as triangles, rectangles, and circles. Using these formulas, the area of any polygon can be found by dividing the polygon into triangles. For shapes with curved boundary, calculus is usually required to compute the area. Indeed, the problem of determining the area of plane figures was a major motivation for the historical development of calculus.
For a solid shape such as a sphere, cone, or cylinder, the area of its boundary surface is called the surface area. Formulas for the surface areas of simple shapes were computed by the ancient Greeks, but computing the surface area of a more complicated shape usually requires multivariable calculus.
Area plays an important role in modern mathematics. In addition to its obvious importance in geometry and calculus, area is related to the definition of determinants in linear algebra, and is a basic property of surfaces in differential geometry. In analysis, the area of a subset of the plane is defined using Lebesgue measure, though not every subset is measurable. In general, area in higher mathematics is seen as a special case of volume for two-dimensional regions.
Area can be defined through the use of axioms, defining it as a function of a collection of certain plane figures to the set of real numbers. It can be proved that such a function exists.
- 1 Formal definition
- 2 Units
- 3 History
- 4 Area formulas
- 4.1 Polygon formulas
- 4.2 Area of curved shapes
- 4.3 General formulas
- 4.4 List of formulas
- 4.5 Relation of area to perimeter
- 4.6 Fractals
- 5 Area bisectors
- 6 Optimization
- 7 See also
- 8 References
- 9 External links
An approach to defining what is meant by "area" is through axioms. "Area" can be defined as a function from a collection M of special kind of plane figures (termed measurable sets) to the set of real numbers which satisfies the following properties:
- For all S in M, a(S) ≥ 0.
- If S and T are in M then so are S ∪ T and S ∩ T, and also a(S∪T) = a(S) + a(T) − a(S∩T).
- If S and T are in M with S ⊆ T then T − S is in M and a(T−S) = a(T) − a(S).
- If a set S is in M and S is congruent to T then T is also in M and a(S) = a(T).
- Every rectangle R is in M. If the rectangle has length h and breadth k then a(R) = hk.
- Let Q be a set enclosed between two step regions S and T. A step region is formed from a finite union of adjacent rectangles resting on a common base, i.e. S ⊆ Q ⊆ T. If there is a unique number c such that a(S) ≤ c ≤ a(T) for all such step regions S and T, then a(Q) = c.
It can be proved that such an area function actually exists.
Every unit of length has a corresponding unit of area, namely the area of a square with the given side length. Thus areas can be measured in square metres (m2), square centimetres (cm2), square millimetres (mm2), square kilometres (km2), square feet (ft2), square yards (yd2), square miles (mi2), and so forth. Algebraically, these units can be thought of as the squares of the corresponding length units.
Calculation of the area of a square whose length and width are 1 metre would be:
1 metre x 1 metre = 1 m2
and therefore, another square with different sides can be calculated as:
3 metres x 2 metres = 6 m2. This is, however, equivalent to 6 million millimetres square. Following this,
- 1 kilometre square = 1,000,000 metres square
- 1 metre square= 10,000 centimetres square = 1,000,000 millimetres square
- 1 centimetre square = 100 millimetres square
In non-metric units, the conversion between two square units is the square of the conversion between the corresponding length units.
the relationship between square feet and square inches is
- 1 square foot = 144 square inches,
where 144 = 122 = 12 × 12. Similarly:
- 1 square yard = 9 square feet
- 1 square mile = 3,097,600 square yards = 27,878,400 square feet
In addition, conversion factors include:
- 1 square inch = 6.4516 square centimetres
- 1 square foot = 0.09290304 square metres
- 1 square yard = 0.83612736 square metres
- 1 square mile = 2.589988110336 square kilometres
Other Units Including Historical
- 1 are = 100 square metres
- 1 hectare = 100 ares = 10,000 square metres = 0.01 square kilometres
The acre is also commonly used to measure land areas, where
- 1 acre = 4,840 square yards = 43,560 square feet.
An acre is approximately 40% of a hectare.
- 1 barn = 10−28 square meters.
- 20 Dhurki = 1 Dhur
- 20 Dhur = 1 Khatha
- 20 Khata = 1 Bigha
- 32 Khata = 1 Acre
In the 5th century BCE, Hippocrates of Chios was the first to show that the area of a disk (the region enclosed by a circle) is proportional to the square of its diameter, as part of his quadrature of the lune of Hippocrates, but did not identify the constant of proportionality. Eudoxus of Cnidus, also in the 5th century BCE, also found that the area of a disk is proportional to its radius squared.
Subsequently, Book I of Euclid's Elements dealt with equality of areas between two-dimensional figures. The mathematician Archimedes used the tools of Euclidean geometry to show that the area inside a circle is equal to that of a right triangle whose base has the length of the circle's circumference and whose height equals the circle's radius, in his book Measurement of a Circle. (The circumference is 2πr, and the area of a triangle is half the base times the height, yielding the area πr2 for the disk.) Archimedes approximated the value of π (and hence the area of a unit-radius circle) with his doubling method, in which he inscribed a regular triangle in a circle and noted its area, then doubled the number of sides to give a regular hexagon, then repeatedly doubled the number of sides as the polygon's area got closer and closer to that of the circle (and did the same with circumscribed polygons).
Swiss scientist Johann Heinrich Lambert in 1761 proved that π, the ratio of a circle's area to its squared radius, is irrational, meaning it is not equal to the quotient of any two whole numbers. French mathematician Adrien-Marie Legendre proved in 1794 that π2 is also irrational. In 1882, German mathematician Ferdinand von Lindemann proved that π is transcendental (not the solution of any polynomial equation with rational coefficients), confirming a conjecture made by both Legendre and Euler.:p. 196
Heron (or Hero) of Alexandria found what is known as Heron's formula for the area of a triangle in terms of its sides, and a proof can be found in his book, Metrica, written around 60 CE. It has been suggested that Archimedes knew the formula over two centuries earlier, and since Metrica is a collection of the mathematical knowledge available in the ancient world, it is possible that the formula predates the reference given in that work.
In 499 Aryabhata, a great mathematician-astronomer from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy, expressed the area of a triangle as one-half the base times the height in the Aryabhatiya (section 2.6).
A formula equivalent to Heron's was discovered by the Chinese independently of the Greeks. It was published in 1247 in Shushu Jiuzhang ("Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections"), written by Qin Jiushao.
In the 7th century CE, Brahmagupta developed a formula, now known as Brahmagupta's formula, for the area of a cyclic quadrilateral (a quadrilateral inscribed in a circle) in terms of its sides. In 1842 the German mathematicians Carl Anton Bretschneider and Karl Georg Christian von Staudt independently found a formula, known as Bretschneider's formula, for the area of any quadrilateral.
General polygon area
The development of Cartesian coordinates by René Descartes in the 17th century allowed the development of the surveyor's formula for the area of any polygon with known vertex locations by Gauss in the 19th century.
Areas determined using calculus
The development of integral calculus in the late 17th century provided tools that could subsequently be used for computing more complicated areas, such as the area of an ellipse and the surface areas of various curved three-dimensional objects.
where when i=n-1, then i+1 is expressed as modulus n and so refers to 0.
- A = lw (rectangle).
- A = s2 (square).
The formula for the area of a rectangle follows directly from the basic properties of area, and is sometimes taken as a definition or axiom. On the other hand, if geometry is developed before arithmetic, this formula can be used to define multiplication of real numbers.
Dissection, parallelograms, and triangles
For an example, any parallelogram can be subdivided into a trapezoid and a right triangle, as shown in figure to the left. If the triangle is moved to the other side of the trapezoid, then the resulting figure is a rectangle. It follows that the area of the parallelogram is the same as the area of the rectangle:
- A = bh (parallelogram).
However, the same parallelogram can also be cut along a diagonal into two congruent triangles, as shown in the figure to the right. It follows that the area of each triangle is half the area of the parallelogram:
Area of curved shapes
The formula for the area of a circle (more properly called area of a disk) is based on a similar method. Given a circle of radius r, it is possible to partition the circle into sectors, as shown in the figure to the right. Each sector is approximately triangular in shape, and the sectors can be rearranged to form and approximate parallelogram. The height of this parallelogram is r, and the width is half the circumference of the circle, or πr. Thus, the total area of the circle is r × πr, or πr2:
- A = πr2 (circle).
Though the dissection used in this formula is only approximate, the error becomes smaller and smaller as the circle is partitioned into more and more sectors. The limit of the areas of the approximate parallelograms is exactly πr2, which is the area of the circle.
This argument is actually a simple application of the ideas of calculus. In ancient times, the method of exhaustion was used in a similar way to find the area of the circle, and this method is now recognized as a precursor to integral calculus. Using modern methods, the area of a circle can be computed using a definite integral:
Most basic formulas for surface area can be obtained by cutting surfaces and flattening them out. For example, if the side surface of a cylinder (or any prism) is cut lengthwise, the surface can be flattened out into a rectangle. Similarly, if a cut is made along the side of a cone, the side surface can be flattened out into a sector of a circle, and the resulting area computed.
The formula for the surface area of a sphere is more difficult to derive: because a sphere has nonzero Gaussian curvature, it cannot be flattened out. The formula for the surface area of a sphere was first obtained by Archimedes in his work On the Sphere and Cylinder. The formula is:
- A = 4πr2 (sphere),
where r is the radius of the sphere. As with the formula for the area of a circle, any derivation of this formula inherently uses methods similar to calculus.
Areas of 2-dimensional figures
- A triangle: (where B is any side, and h is the distance from the line on which B lies to the other vertex of the triangle). This formula can be used if the height h is known. If the lengths of the three sides are known then Heron's formula can be used: where a, b, c are the sides of the triangle, and is half of its perimeter. If an angle and its two included sides are given, the area is where C is the given angle and a and b are its included sides. If the triangle is graphed on a coordinate plane, a matrix can be used and is simplified to the absolute value of . This formula is also known as the shoelace formula and is an easy way to solve for the area of a coordinate triangle by substituting the 3 points (x1,y1), (x2,y2), and (x3,y3). The shoelace formula can also be used to find the areas of other polygons when their vertices are known. Another approach for a coordinate triangle is to use calculus to find the area.
- A simple polygon constructed on a grid of equal-distanced points (i.e., points with integer coordinates) such that all the polygon's vertices are grid points: , where i is the number of grid points inside the polygon and b is the number of boundary points. This result is known as Pick's theorem.
Area in calculus
- The area between a positive-valued curve and the horizontal axis, measured between two values a and b (b is defined as the larger of the two values) on the horizontal axis, is given by the integral from a to b of the function that represents the curve:
- The area between the graphs of two functions is equal to the integral of one function, f(x), minus the integral of the other function, g(x):
- where is the curve with the greater y-value.
(see Green's theorem) or the z-component of
Bounded area between two quadratic functions
To find the bounded area between two quadratic functions, we subtract one from the other to write the difference as
where f(x) is the quadratic upper bound and g(x) is the quadratic lower bound. Define the discriminant of f(x)-g(x) as
The above remains valid if one of the bounding functions is linear instead of quadratic.
Surface area of 3-dimensional figures
- cone: , where r is the radius of the circular base, and h is the height. That can also be rewritten as or where r is the radius and l is the slant height of the cone. is the base area while is the lateral surface area of the cone.
- cube: , where s is the length of an edge.
- cylinder: , where r is the radius of a base and h is the height. The 2r can also be rewritten as d, where d is the diameter.
- prism: 2B + Ph, where B is the area of a base, P is the perimeter of a base, and h is the height of the prism.
- pyramid: , where B is the area of the base, P is the perimeter of the base, and L is the length of the slant.
- rectangular prism: , where is the length, w is the width, and h is the height.
General formula for surface area
The general formula for the surface area of the graph of a continuously differentiable function where and is a region in the xy-plane with the smooth boundary:
List of formulas
|Regular triangle (equilateral triangle)||is the length of one side of the triangle.|
|Triangle||is half the perimeter, , and are the length of each side.|
|Triangle||and are any two sides, and is the angle between them.|
|Triangle||and are the base and altitude (measured perpendicular to the base), respectively.|
|Isosceles triangle||is the length of one of the two equal sides and is the length of a different side.|
|Rhombus/Kite||and are the lengths of the two diagonals of the rhombus or kite.|
|Parallelogram||is the length of the base and is the perpendicular height.|
|Trapezoid||and are the parallel sides and the distance (height) between the parallels.|
|Regular hexagon||is the length of one side of the hexagon.|
|Regular octagon||is the length of one side of the octagon.|
|Regular polygon||is the side length and is the number of sides.|
|Regular polygon||is the perimeter and is the number of sides.|
|Regular polygon||is the radius of a circumscribed circle, is the radius of an inscribed circle, and is the number of sides.|
|Regular polygon||is the number of sides, is the side length, is the apothem, or the radius of an inscribed circle in the polygon, and is the perimeter of the polygon.|
|Circle||is the radius and the diameter.|
|Circular sector||and are the radius and angle (in radians), respectively and is the length of the perimeter.|
|Ellipse||and are the semi-major and semi-minor axes, respectively.|
|Total surface area of a cylinder||and are the radius and height, respectively.|
|Lateral surface area of a cylinder||and are the radius and height, respectively.|
|Total surface area of a sphere||and are the radius and diameter, respectively.|
|Total surface area of a pyramid||is the base area, is the base perimeter and is the slant height.|
|Total surface area of a pyramid frustum||is the base area, is the base perimeter and is the slant height.|
|Square to circular area conversion||is the area of the square in square units.|
|Circular to square area conversion||is the area of the circle in circular units.|
The above calculations show how to find the areas of many common shapes.
Relation of area to perimeter
and equality holds if and only if the curve is a circle. Thus a circle has the largest area of any closed figure with a given perimeter.
At the other extreme, a figure with given perimeter L could have an arbitrarily small area, as illustrated by a rhombus that is "tipped over" arbitrarily far so that two of its angles are arbitrarily close to 0° and the other two are arbitrarily close to 180°.
For a circle, the ratio of the area to the circumference (the term for the perimeter of a circle) equals half the radius r. This can be seen from the area formula πr2 and the circumference formula 2πr.
Doubling the edge lengths of a polygon multiplies its area by four, which is two (the ratio of the new to the old side length) raised to the power of two (the dimension of the space the polygon resides in). But if the one-dimensional lengths of a fractal drawn in two dimensions are all doubled, the spatial content of the fractal scales by a power of two that is not necessarily an integer. This power is called the fractal dimension of the fractal.
There are an infinitude of lines that bisect the area of a triangle. Three of them are the medians of the triangle (which connect the sides' midpoints with the opposite vertices), and these are concurrent at the triangle's centroid; indeed, they are the only area bisectors that go through the centroid. Any line through a triangle that splits both the triangle's area and its perimeter in half goes through the triangle's incenter (the center of its incircle). There are either one, two, or three of these for any given triangle.
Any line through the midpoint of a parallelogram bisects the area.
All area bisectors of a circle or other ellipse go through the center, and any chords through the center bisect the area. In the case of a circle they are the diameters of the circle.
The circle has the largest area of any two-dimensional object having the same perimeter.
A cyclic polygon (one inscribed in a circle) has the largest area of any polygon with a given number of sides of the same lengths.
The triangle of largest area of all those inscribed in a given circle is equilateral; and the triangle of smallest area of all those circumscribed around a given circle is equilateral.
The ratio of the area of the incircle to the area of an equilateral triangle, , is larger than that of any non-equilateral triangle.
The ratio of the area to the square of the perimeter of an equilateral triangle, is larger than that for any other triangle.
- Brahmagupta quadrilateral, a cyclic quadrilateral with integer sides, integer diagonals, and integer area.
- Equi-areal mapping
- Heron triangle, a triangle with integer sides and integer area.
- List of triangle inequalities#Area
- One-seventh area triangle, an inner triangle with one-seventh the area of the reference triangle.
- Routh's theorem, a generalization of the one-seventh area triangle.
- Orders of magnitude (area)—A list of areas by size.
- Pentagon#Derivation of the area formula
- Planimeter, an instrument for measuring small areas, e.g. on maps.
- Quadrilateral#Area of a convex quadrilateral
- Robbins pentagon, a cyclic pentagon whose side lengths and area are all rational numbers.
- Eric W. Weisstein. "Area". Wolfram MathWorld. Retrieved 3 July 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
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- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures Resolution 12 of the 11th meeting of the CGPM (1960), retrieved 15 July 2012
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- do Carmo, Manfredo. Differential Geometry of Curves and Surfaces. Prentice-Hall, 1976. Page 98, ISBN 978-0-13-212589-5
- Walter Rudin, Real and Complex Analysis, McGraw-Hill, 1966, ISBN 0-07-100276-6.
- Gerald Folland, Real Analysis: modern techniques and their applications, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1999,Page 20,ISBN 0-471-31716-0
- Moise, Edwin (1963). Elementary Geometry from an Advanced Standpoint. Addison-Wesley Pub. Co. Retrieved 15 July 2012.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Bureau international des poids et mesures (2006). "The International System of Units (SI)" (PDF). 8th ed. Retrieved 2008-02-13. Cite journal requires
|journal=(help)<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles> Chapter 5.
- Heath, Thomas L. (2003), A Manual of Greek Mathematics, Courier Dover Publications, pp. 121–132, ISBN 0-486-43231-9<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>.
- Stewart, James (2003). Single variable calculus early transcendentals (5th. ed.). Toronto ON: Brook/Cole. p. 3. ISBN 0-534-39330-6.
However, by indirect reasoning, Eudoxus (fifth century B.C.) used exhaustion to prove the familiar formula for the area of a circle:<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
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- Heath, Thomas L. (1921). A History of Greek Mathematics (Vol II). Oxford University Press. pp. 321–323.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Weisstein, Eric W., "Heron's Formula", MathWorld.
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- Trainin, J. (November 2007). "An elementary proof of Pick's theorem". Mathematical Gazette. 91 (522): 536–540.<templatestyles src="Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css"></templatestyles>
- Matematika - Marthen Kanginan, Google Books.
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|Look up area in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.| | <urn:uuid:49be644a-1272-4027-bd4d-03a9979d1112> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.infogalactic.com/info/Area | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.858135 | 6,785 | 4.03125 | 4 |
Performing neighborhood service is a worthy endeavor that brings individuals and communities closer with each other and improves the wellness of these volunteering their time and effort. And as observed by Michigan State University sociologist, Dr. Carl S. Taylor , there are those who prey on the lack of chance and education thereby, organized crime units emerge from underground and teach young minds the techniques to a criminal lifestyle.
The Education Rights Campaign (ERC) fully supports the choice of the Senior Employees Association of Nigerian Universities (SSANU), Non Academic Staff Union (NASU) and the National Association of Academic Technologists (NASU) to embark on a 5-day warning strike from Monday 16 January 2017 to compel the federal government to totally implement the tenets of the 2009 FGN/ Non Teaching Employees Union agreement.
I feel you illustrate two points I tried to make 1) In the end it is the youngster that will be left with the education you supply. Why do we have to copy the educational systems from other nations when we could just boost our own. They had the chance to lobby with fellow VEA members about the numerous issues and concerns concerning public education. This reality is at the core of public education supporters’ conflicts as to how to combat this assault on K-12 public education. Agricultural improvement: Agricultural improvement is attainable with education.
To those critics who criticize the activity curriculum as the most expensive pattern of curriculum organization, the advocates of an activity programme will give … Read More
Browse by education issue, legislation, search our information base for any subject, even chat with us reside! It is the job of the teacher to learn these interests and to develop educational activities upon them. A big percentage of youngsters are taught to study by their parents before they begin school, which puts significantly less stress on the educational method. Senate Bill 30 will be voted on next Wednesday January 11th at the second meeting of the Senate Education Committee which begins at 1:30pm. Bronfenbrenner, U. and P.A. Morris, The ecology of developmental processes, in Handbook of Kid Psychology: Volume 1: Theoretical Models of Human Development, R.M. Lerner, Editor.
Shiv R. Desai , professor in the College of Education at the University of New Mexico, feels that kids of color will by no means be treated equally till we modify how they are perceived. Preserving American preeminence demands a world-class system of education in which all students can reach their prospective.
Because it has such a vibrant startup culture in education exactly where educators, entrepreneurs and policy makers aren’t afraid of every other but collaborate day right after day for much more revolutionary and productive educational solutions. Public funds that is diverted to private schools undoubtedly indicates far significantly less money is going to support the education of public college students. Try issues out but by no means be afraid of saying, Sorry, this is not for us.” Education is a life-lengthy experience and should be undertaken with adore, enthusiasm … Read More
Teaching English as a foreign language is a challenging, but rewarding career option. Nevertheless, there is no certain hyperlink between the cost of a particular student’s education and the quantity paid under this tax. In sum, education is a single of the most crucial investments a nation can make in its folks and its future. You and your dog will have hours of entertaining playing predator-prey games with the Chase It Pet Toy. Robotedu Store supply robotics solution for Malaysia Robotics Competition and Robotics Educational Kit. This unique problem of European Education aims to explore the role of schools in relation to the discourses of risk, borders and integration. Educational psychology can in component be understood by means of its connection with other disciplines.
The lengthy answer is that I program on supplementing their public education by means of studying at residence and via field trips. During educational assessment & field pay a visit to state were identified the wants of the kids with special require to occupy in regular school with the aid of care giver. European Education invites scholars from around the planet to submit a 500-word extended abstract to Guest Editor Dr. Miri Yemini no later than 01/September/2016. Your youngsters play games to develop abilities in letter-sound correspondence, recognition, alphabetic order, recognizing reality vs. fantasy, sentence word order, poetry and spelling.
Vision Statement: Welcoming, inclusive and equitable schools exactly where all students are respected and have the chance to flourish and achieve their social and educational goals … Read More | <urn:uuid:7ff4a9d0-2956-4586-96eb-3768cad01a55> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.23rdavebooks.com/tag/posters | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.954658 | 919 | 2.15625 | 2 |
until 13.11. | #3210ARTatBerlin | Luisa Catucci Gallery shows from 21st October 2021 the solo exhibition DAS THEATER DER WIRKLICHKEIT by the norwegian artist Kenneth Blom.
The internationally renowned Norwegian artist Kenneth Blom approaches his compositions with the attitude of a stage director: on engineered backgrounds, characters/actors go on scene to personify the theater of reality. The use of diagonal lines skillfully mixed with horizontal fugues and minimalistic geometric design – reminding of the tautness and charm typical of the buildings at the time of the birth of modern architecture – brings the focus of the viewer to the human drama happening in the painting, invariably.
Blom’s sense of theatricality possesses an evident psychological substratum: the characters of his painting and their state of mind reflected in their actions – either if they stay put, jump, run or fall – are indisputable archetypes of the human psychological condition, and existential obsessions.
The latent sensitivity of the compositions is furthermore underlined by the sapient alternation of abstract and figurative painting, where wild strokes alternate with controlled ones, contributing to build the mystery, the inquietude and the narrative ofeach painting.
Additionally, the scenographic backgrounds with endless skies, bright portions of colors, mixed with geometrical elements give the sensation of the universe collapsing and twisting to that specific single moment, frozen in time, immortalized on canvas.
The pictured places are more like sensations of places, due to the simplification and abstraction of the shapes, becoming the perfect scenario for his archetypal actors to go on stage. The mood is low, at times melancholic, the characters stand either alone or in pairs, and do not interact much with each other. The ethnicity of his figures is unrecognizable, while all ages and genders are depicted, emphasizing the psychological distress and the intrinsic sense of loneliness sprung by a dystopic perception of contemporary society, striking anybody at times. This underlines the fact that Kenneth Blom doesn’t paint for a specific target, or to transmit a specific message, instead by bypassing them, he speaks directly to human nature
The radicalism of Blom’s pictorial language, revealed by the alternation of flat and sinuous forms, by the expressive deformation of the human body, by the specific choice of the color palette, and by the symbolic use of architecture, brings to mind the work of some of the most significant Masters of modern and contemporary painting such as Edvard Munch, Edward Hopper and of course David Hockney, routing him deeply into the contemporary art historical context.
The exhibition consists primarily of these large oil paintings, but scattered among them are a few white sculptures, 3D scans of figures from the paintings. The characters/actors are now physically present in the room, deprived of their scenarios, detached from the canvases, but even when deprived by the sustain of their scenography, they keep being strongly attached to their archetypical role and their own narrative.
These figures, pulled out of their usual surroundings, stripped of color and context, printed in plastic and placed on top of white plateaux, become sort of extensions of Blom’s pictorial universe, playing the role of silent pause between the dialogs of the colors and geometrical shapes, bringing the attention once again to the human theater, while allowing the paintings to keep being the protagonists the show
Kenneth Blom, with his talent to paint as a theater director, follows the statement by Antonin Artaud for which the true theater, because it moves and makes use of living instruments, continues to stir up shadows where life has never ceased to grope its way. And so does Kenneth Blom’s art.
Opening: Wednesday 20th October, 6:00-9:00 pm., Admission with vaccination confirmation or daily negative test
Exhibition dates: Thursday, 21dt October until Saturday, 13th November 2021to the gallery
Image caption title: Kenneth Blom, Gone, oil on canvas 120 x 150 cm, 2021
Exhibition Kenneth Blom – Luisa Catucci Gallery | Zeitgenössische Kunst Berlin Contemporary Art Exhibitions Berlin Galleries | ART at Berlin | <urn:uuid:4bde9a69-72fa-4700-a595-727d3f9bd447> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.artatberlin.com/en/exhibition-kenneth-blom-luisa-catucci-gallery-zeitgenoessische-kunst-berlin-contemporary-art-exhibitions-berlin-galleries-art-at-berlin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.932854 | 874 | 1.554688 | 2 |
The APA Format for the Constitutional Amendments
The American Psychological Association provides a writing style that is frequently used in behavioral and social science studies. The seventh edition of the "Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association" adopts "The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation" for referencing legal citations, including constitutional amendments.
Citing Constitutional Amendments
On the References page, APA citation for constitutional amendments begins with an abbreviation for the constitution, "U.S. Const.", followed by the abbreviation "amend." and the cited amendment numbers in Roman numerals. If citing an amendment section, the section number symbol and number follow the amendment number
for example: U.S. Const., amend. XIV, § 1.
If an amendment has been repealed, include the word "repealed" and the year it was repealed in parentheses after
for example: U.S. Const. amend. XVIII (repealed 1933).
In-text citations are cited in the same manner as bibliographic references, except the entire citation is placed in parentheses.
If the amendment was repealed, place a comma after the amendment number and then the word "repealed" and the year: (U.S. Const. amend. XVIII, repealed 1933).
- Davenport University Library Services: Citing Legal Materials
- Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th edition)
- The Bluebook: A Uniform System of Citation,19th ed.
Maggie Lourdes is a full-time attorney in southeast Michigan. She teaches law at Cleary University in Ann Arbor and online for National University in San Diego. Her writing has been featured in "Realtor Magazine," the N.Y. State Bar's "Health Law Journal," "Oakland County Legal News," "Michigan Probate & Estate Planning Journal," "Eye Spy Magazine" and "Surplus Today" magazine. | <urn:uuid:6a6fa2e7-c801-4f2a-85bd-19a8b07a2446> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://penandthepad.com/apa-format-constitutional-amendments-2300.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.890257 | 397 | 2.734375 | 3 |
And where is this law of the Universe that says that the human world can't be modeled like the world of particles or the world of cells and DNA? Does anyone have evidence to back up that contention? How the heck do you know that human behavior doesn't lend itself to modeling? If humans are so unpredictable, tell me why Google auctions get so much money from advertisers, or how economists can predict how many people will ride a train before the train is built. If you think social science can never be science, explain to me why these successes were possible.
So you know for a fact that the complexities of human decision-making matter? How? Did you already model an economic system as complex human beings and discover this? Why not just show us that research?
Also this from a couple days later:
If you haven't demonstrated that dimensional reduction does not happen, then the statement [that human behavior is too complex to model] is just an assumption that dimensional reduction does not happen. I'd say the onus is on you to tell us what the millions of additional relevant macroeconomic aggregates that must exist are [i.e.present some evidence].There are probably lots of other places I've said similar things, but I'm just too lazy to look it up right now. | <urn:uuid:d32ccf65-2f69-46bb-9f3a-8c58dc9e00e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://informationtransfereconomics.blogspot.com/2015/10/noah-is-stealing-my-material.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.966393 | 261 | 2.125 | 2 |
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(a.) Having a cruel, ferocious disposition; bloodthirsty.
These files are public domain.
Text Courtesy of BibleSupport.com. Used by Permission.
Webster, Noah. Entry for 'Bloody-Minded'. Noah Webster's American Dictionary. https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/web/b/bloody-minded.html. 1828.
the Week of Proper 14 / Ordinary 19 | <urn:uuid:dba6cd61-0f84-4aee-8eba-89c2508f94c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.studylight.org/dictionaries/eng/web/b/bloody-minded.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.713919 | 126 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Investment returns from regular savings with random performance.
The average ending value is of the random sample used, not an overall expected value.
Returns are expected to be distributed log-normally around the expected return.
Withdrawal questions can be addressed by using a negative annual investment.
The increase amount per year parameter can track savings rising with income, or cost-of-living adjustments on withdrawals.
All parameters should be annualized figures.
Period should be the frequency of new savings or withdrawals.
Adjusting the sample size to a new figure and back will generate a new set of random returns.
Test proposed withdrawal rates for a low chance of depleting capital by watching the lowest series in a large sample.
The savings rate and time do most of the work. Increase either to reach a set goal.
Typical expected returns for cash equivalents can be set to 5%, or the prevailing short-term interest rate.
Typical expected returns for bonds can be set at 6 to 7%, or at the prevailing interest rate on long-term corporates.
Typical expected returns for stocks can be set to 10%, or at dividend yield plus nominal economic growth.
Typical standard deviation for cash equivalents can be set to 0, or 1 to 2% for short-term bonds.
Typical standard deviation for bonds can be set to 4 to 5%, or the approximate bond portfolio duration.
Typical standard deviation for stocks can be set to 15%, or 20% for riskier asset classes.
Snapshot 1: Typical return of a one-time bond fund investment over 10 years.
Snapshot 2: Regular savings of $3000 per year invested in a bond fund; 5% expected with 4% standard deviation.
Snapshot 3: The same savings into a stock fund with 10% expected, but 15% standard deviation.
Snapshot 4: 20 years of savings in a balanced portfolio, 8% expected and 10% standard deviation.
Snapshot 5: 20 year balanced with 3% annual increases in the amount saved and a $5000 initial investment.
Snapshot 6: Regular withdrawals equal to the expected return frequently result in a large fall in capital.
Snapshot 7: Taking less than the full expected return lowers risk and can readily handle a long series of rising payouts.
Wolfram Demonstrations Project
Published: March 7 2011 | <urn:uuid:310835f6-d76b-4378-990c-064694a80336> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://demonstrations.wolfram.com/InvestmentReturns/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.873519 | 522 | 2.734375 | 3 |
International Left-Handers Day/ is Monday, August thirteenth. The International Left-Handers Day Web site says/ the Left-Handers Club/ started the holiday/ in nineteen ninety-two. It wanted left-handers/ around the world/ to celebrate. And it wanted to bring attention/ to the everyday problems/ of people/ who use their left hands.
One of these problems/ is difficulty/ using equipment and tools, like scissors. In general, most tools and equipment/ are made for people/ who are right-handed. The Left-Handers Club/ tries to educate designers and manufacturers/ to consider the safety/ of left-handed people/ when producing their products.
Another problem is/ that many societies/ have considered it bad/ to be left-handed. Some teachers and parents/ have tried to force children/ who used their left hand/ to use their right one instead.
Scientists/ do not really know/ why some people/ are left-handed. They have believed/ the reason/ is genetic. Researchers/ in Britain/ recently identified a gene/ that helps confirm this. Scientists/ at the University of Oxford/ reported their discovery/ in the publication Molecular Psychiatry.
They say/ the gene/ increases the chance/ of being left-handed. It appears to play an important part/ in deciding/ which part of the brain/ controls different activities. In right-handed people, the left side/ of the brain/ usually controls speech and language. The right side/ controls feelings.
However, the opposite/ is often true/ in left-handed people. Scientists believe/ the gene/ is responsible/ for this. The gene/ showed a link/ with left-handedness/ in nine to twelve percent/ of the population. About ten percent of people/ around the world/ are left-handed.
Here is an interesting fact/ from the Left-Handers Club Web site: five out of the last six American presidents/ have been left-handed. They are Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush.
The Left-Handers Club/ wants everyone/ to know/ that left-handed people/ may be a little different/ from those/ who use their right hand. But they want left-handers/ to celebrate these differences/ on International Left-Handers Day August thirteenth. | <urn:uuid:ade225e2-8a13-4603-a3e5-46c53dc8045e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://listener.co.kr/Listen/Details/395?brd=slow&page=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.933801 | 506 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Legislators in Australia want to regulate Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs). In this three-part series, Oleksii Konashevych discusses the risks of suppressing the emerging phenomenon of DAOs and possible solutions.
Crypto anarchy is unlikely to be the future that the majority of people support. In essence, business regulation has many positive aspects, or at least good intentions, albeit often embodied in a bureaucracy that stifles business. However, business rules and regulations are now formalized enough to be plugged into machine code. So the government’s role is to set mandatory standards for those DAOs that wish to operate in the Australian market.
There are cases where a written legal text is required. These are situations where the legal interaction goes beyond the program code and requires integration into the real world. In this case, there must be formal legal documents and a liable person responsible for making business promises to consumers and investors.
There can be two types of events in a blockchain network: 1. Internal. For example, transferring a token in exchange for a cryptocurrency payment. It can be fully automated as both elements – the token and the cryptocurrency – are internal digital elements of the system. 2. External. But when something is off-network, it requires human interaction and interaction with the real world.
For example, if a businessman issues tokens tied to a flock of sheep, that legal condition must be written somewhere in human language, since sheep are not digital objects and the legal condition is not part of the network. Therefore, investors’ digital rights (let’s call it that) can and should be automated in a DAO. Therefore, they do not require written legal conditions. Non-digital rights and obligations must be mediated by a responsible person and described in a legal document. And I would say that many DAOs will have both: the digital on-chain part and the off-chain part.
Related: DAO Regulation in Australia: Problems and Solutions, Part 1
Let me show you an example. Suppose it is promised that token investors can vote and the voting is done electronically on the blockchain and the smart contract automatically executes the decision in a decentralized manner. In this case, no human assistance is required and no formalized legal document is required. This does not mean that it is not described in human language. This means that the description does not override the machine code on the blockchain.
As a legislator, I would enact rules that would reduce the opportunities for misinforming DAO investors. A businessman may not promise anything to DAO investors that is not encoded in the smart contract. This must be interpreted as a deception.
When the digital world touches reality and cannot act autonomously, all of these cases require full, legally binding disclosure.
There is a common misconception regarding the issue of immutability. In a blockchain, you cannot subsequently change existing transactions and the provided code of a smart contract. That’s right, but you don’t have to. The system must be properly designed.
Instead of changing the existing records, you need to be able to add new records. All transactions are strictly chronological (because nobody can change the order of the blocks). So when legal circumstances change, don’t change the past, add a new record to your application. And in the order of records, only the most recent will reflect the current state of affairs. This allows you to resolve litigation and correct mere mistakes. And how to properly arrange legal relationships, I explained in the following video.
In my research papers, as well as in this video, I have also described the problem of an “emergency brake” – the need to reset the system when something goes wrong. The proposed technical standard will allow redesign of an application on blockchain and will introduce new rules for a DAO.
Related: DAO Regulation in Australia: Problems and Solutions, Part 2
A sustainable DAO solution must rely to some extent on third parties for governance and day-to-day operations. And there are many situations where we undeniably need a trusted third party. For example, how does a person transfer an inheritance after death? You are not going to develop a mature application on a blockchain, the question is how to hold intermediaries accountable, be it a government registrar or an authorized professional (lawyer, administrator, broker, etc.). Their operation requires regulations and technical standards.
I should note one important thing. Transactions with cryptocurrency as a native unit of a blockchain are immutable and there is nothing you can do about it. This isn’t addressable, or at least not that easily without breaking the technology. Everything I said about the right design revolves around crypto tokens, smart contracts, DApps and DAOs that are on top of a cryptocurrency.
To enter the age of the digital economy, governments need to rethink their role and approaches to regulation. The DAO portrays the struggle for a fundamental shift from old-fashioned bureaucracy and bureaucracy to automated procedures facilitated by smart laws and smart contracts, commonly known as the Code is Law paradigm. Such a shift requires questioning established institutions: the role of public registers, licensing and other avenues of conventional regulation.
Some countries have already entered the race to regulate innovation and good intentions are not enough as they end up with bureaucracy, which is one of the reasons DAOs came into existence in the first place.
The views, thoughts, and opinions expressed herein are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect or represent the views and opinions of Cointelegraph.
Oleksiy Konashevich has a PhD in law, science and technology and is CEO of the Australian Institute for Digital Transformation. In his scientific work, he presented a concept for a new generation of land registries based on a blockchain. He pitched an idea of Title Token and backed it with technical protocols for smart law and digital government to enable full-featured legal governance of digitized property rights. He has also developed a cross-chain protocol that enables the use of multiple ledgers for a blockchain probate registry, which he submitted to the Australian Senate in 2021.
https://cointelegraph.com/news/dao-regulation-in-australia-issues-and-solutions-part-3 Problems and Solutions, Part 3 | <urn:uuid:e122cb8e-5f56-42dc-b78b-e45718c08cc4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fry-electronics.com/problems-and-solutions-part-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.935541 | 1,298 | 2.25 | 2 |
You might not know it, but a research paper writer can make or break your odds of getting that grant or scholarship. The way to be confident of this is to make sure that you know how to write a successful research paper.
A research paper is the first thing every college requires that its students write. This document represents their final attempt to acquire some funds for themselves. Should they fail to compose a fantastic document, they could lose their opportunity to have any other types of financing that will help them carry on their schooling.
Writing a research paper is quite challenging, particularly if you’re not yet an expert in this field. You must therefore know the way to have the ability to communicate your thoughts clearly and concisely into the reader. Therefore, the initial step is to find out which style you are best suited for writing such documents. There are various styles of composing a research paper, but only a few are appropriate to getting grants and scholarships.
The design you want to learn is not something which you are able to grab overnight. You have to have the ability to write concise and clear so the professor, who is assessing your work, can follow what write my essay you write. For this reason, you have to get prepared with loads of practice. If you cannot afford to write a research paper all by yourself, then you should come across a student or a professional writer who will write your documents to you.
After you have learnt about the several fashions, you need to be prepared to choose which one you’re most comfortable with. While there are lots of styles out there, you need to select which ones you’re comfortable with, based on your interests and abilities. As an example, you may choose to learn that some styles are better suited to history, while others are far suited to social sciences.
You should also know the structure and format legit essay writing service of a research paper before you begin to write it. Many men and women learn their study writing skills by viewing how famous authors usually write. If you are able to, be certain you watch as many different research papers as you can. This will allow you to get a sense of different structures used by different writers, particularly when they will need to mention significant points to the reader or into the professor.
Writing a research paper does not automatically signify you could make the document by yourself. From time to time, you’ll need to hire a research paper writer to help you accomplish your goals. If you can’t afford to employ a writer, then it’d be a fantastic idea to make a fantastic outline and then structure your record in such a way that you can write it on your own. You’re able to use software tools like Microsoft Word or another word processing application to structure your writing so that you can finish it faster.
By knowing how to research effectively, you are able to find out how to write a research paper fast and confidently. As such, you should know about what sort of fashions you want to learn about and pick the one which suits you the very best. Be sure that you get as much practice as you can so that you could write your research papers fast and efficiently. | <urn:uuid:c483919e-020e-4eff-b6c4-1d5a3cdd8330> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nordisksol.nordisksol.se/research-paper-writers-how-to-locate-the-appropriate-style-for-you/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.969568 | 653 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Interview with Malcolm Jagamara (Lander River)
Malcolm Maloney Jagamarra shares with Sabine Haider the story details of the artwork Lander River. The Lander River is 200 miles north-west of Alice Springs in Central Australia. The Lander River is the birthplace of Malcolm Maloney Jagamarra as well as a significant site to the Warlpiri Aboriginal people. It is at this place where ceremonies, sacred songs, dance cycles and Dreaming's emerged. The Lander River flows relatively frequently; has a number of long-lasting (but not permanent) waterholes and swamps;and supports the longest area of braided flood-out inNorthern Territory arid zone. The east and west shores of the Lake are marked by some of the largest sanddunes in the Northern Territory, which rise 2 metresabovethe surrounding plains. The Lake is largely wooded by white-trucked coolabah Eucalyptus victrix
Important copyright notice
The Copyright of all images and documentation remains with Sabine Haider. The Australian Copyright Act protects all artists from unauthorised copying by giving control over original works of art to the artist by law. However depending on the use proposed, Sabine Haider from Central Art – Aboriginal Art Store can facilitate reproduction of works with the permission of the artist as we have developed close relationships over the years with many individual painters and craftspeople.
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Track your order | <urn:uuid:9705f290-6f7f-412d-ae5e-807fbd714073> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aboriginalartstore.com.au/aboriginal-art-culture/aboriginal-artist-interviews/multimedia/interview-with-malcolm-jagamara-%28lander-river%29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.925257 | 313 | 2.09375 | 2 |
This course is designed to address the major legal and ethical issues related to informed consent and decision making that social service and health care professionals encounter when working with older adults and people with disabilities. It discusses the elements of informed consent and explains why it is needed, both ethically and legally. It describes important terms such as capacity and competence and how to understand the difference between the two. You will find vignettes, throughout the course that illustrate these concepts in practice situations.
*You can register for this course individually or as part of a certificate program.
“This course helped expand my understanding of legal issues and ethical concerns related to older adults.”
- Explain the ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, and justice.
- Describe why autonomy and safety can create ethical and legal problems.
- Explain why informed consent is needed, both ethically and legally.
- Distinguish between competence and capacity.
- Name the different kinds of guardianships used by the courts and how they are used.
- Name the different kinds of advance care directives.
- Pre-course Competency Assessment
- Section I: Course Overview
- Section II: Background and Scope
- Section III: Informed Consent
- Section IV: Capacity and Competence
- Section V: Guardianships or Conservatorships
- Section VI: Advance Care Directives
- Section VII: Course Summary and Resources
- Course Quiz
- Post-course Competency Evaluation
- Certificate of Completion
For information about refunds, cancellations, accommodations and to contact us please visit the policies page.
All online courses are self-paced and are designed as reading-based and include interactive multimedia components including simulations, video, audio, and discussion boards. | <urn:uuid:5d9498c1-d820-4c00-97b2-e4f9409c1d38> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thenetwork.bu.edu/offering/legal-principles-decision-making-in-practice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.904675 | 382 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Flipped with Split Delivery
Flipped with Split Delivery
In this model, content (lectures, videos, readings) is delivered online, outside of class (size determined by Academic Affairs and Facilities). During the in-person classes instructors meet with a portion of the class for discussion and/or activities, following social distancing guidelines. Students may be asked to prepare for in-person sessions by submitting questions, responses, or low-stakes assessments in advance.
This model is similar to a flipped classroom model and may be a good choice if you prefer to:
- Run small-group discussions or activities (much like a small group seminar)
- Teach using active learning methods such as problem-based learning, inquiry method or project-based learning
- Teach a lab, performance, or activities class
- Conduct an independent study or a tutorial class
- OR if you have a class size that is over 50 students or that requires more than the designated social distancing max. capacity for your classroom
This model is available to courses that are classified as “Lecture” by the Registrar in Banner.
Please visit each of the following steps for additional information.
The planning process is critically important when teaching using this model. The most important part of the planning is to decide what will be best done outside of class (online) vs. what is best done in the face-to-face (f2f), socially distanced classroom. Remember, always go back to your course objectives and student learning outcomes (SLOs) when making decisions.
You also must decide how many student groups you will need and on what days they will attend (as this method requires that you divide your students into smaller groups for social distancing purposes; this must be communicated to the students before the first day of class)
- Use the Hybrid Course Planning Worksheet (Google Doc) to help you plan for your class. This is a Google Doc and you will be prompted to make a copy into your own Google Drive.
- Use the Hybrid Course Planning Worksheet (PDF) to help you plan your class if you do not use Google Docs/Drive.
There are several skills that you will need to know to be successful in this model.
To record your online lectures
To add readings, videos, etc. into OAKS for your students
Frequent yet easy communication with students
Socially distant group work
Whether your class is fully face-to-face, fully online, or a mix of both, communication between students and faculty is so important. In this model, it’s important that you maintain communication with your students when they are not in class. This is easily done via the OAKS News tool. Regular communication lets your students know that, even though they only see you 1/2 as much, you are still there for them as much as you would be in a traditional face-to-face class.
- Communicate your groups and their meeting days as soon as possible so there is no confusion for the first day of class.
- Make sure you are clear with your students that they MUST come to class on the day in which they are assigned. Coming on an alternate day could exceed the maximum capacity of the classroom and will not be allowed.
- If students come in on a day in which they are not assigned, and their attendance exceeds the maximum COVID capacity for the room, they must be asked to leave.
- You need to be clear about the amount of time spent in class and out of class and communicate that to your students.
- You need to know your “why.” Why are you having them come to class for the activities and discussions? Why are these important?
- Create the expectation for students to come to class prepared for study and social distancing. Online assignments carry over into in-class content sessions (be prepared or your in-class grade will suffer).
For more ways to communicate, check out our Communication Tips.
For tips for what to include in your syllabus see the Syllabus section of this website.
Make sure all inside and outside activities include Deliverables. Deliverables are the pieces that students must submit to fully complete the assignment and get full credit for their work.
The purpose of a deliverable is to:
- Ensure that the student does the work (reading, watching video, participating in group work).
- Ask the student to recall or reflect on their learning in order to prepare for assessments, discussions, or group activities. Some examples include: reflection question on readings, short quiz on lectures, an assignment, a reflection document, an exit slip, or an entrance slip.)
- These deliverables don’t have to be graded. They can merely count toward participation.
- Have students lead the discussion in class. See the Student Led In-Class Discussions Guide. Ask students to create their own talking points: Bloom’s Taxonomy Question Generator
Please don’t forget that you need a Plan B in case you or some of your students are quarantined. Also don’t forget that the last week of the semester, and the final exam, will be fully online, so plan accordingly. | <urn:uuid:a4d3bff2-9066-4a25-abe3-399bc33a2c54> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://tlt.cofc.edu/select-a-hybrid-model/flipped-with-split-delivery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.939503 | 1,125 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Manual Testing is the type of testing that is performed manually by humans. It is time-consuming as well as takes numerous human resources. You can use it to perform explanatory testing. The investment in this testing is lower as compared to Automation Testing. In the long run, its rate of return is comparatively lower. Due to the possibility of errors by humans, it might not be completely accurate.
Automation Testing, on the other hand, uses automation tools in order to execute test cases. It is significantly faster when compared with Manual Testing. It does not allow random testing. Even though the initial investment is high in this type of testing, it has a better rate of return in the longer run. It is extremely reliable and performed using scripts and tools.
If you wish to make a career in Automation Testing then register for Test Architect Certification.
Also, watch this video on the difference between Manual and Automation Testing: | <urn:uuid:38322a05-ffac-4b38-bb9d-a9ba3f278a5d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://intellipaat.com/community/42843/what-is-the-difference-between-manual-and-automation-testing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.962232 | 188 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Vangelia Pandeva Dimitrova better known as Baba Vanga, known after her marriage as Vangelia Gushterova, is recognized as one of the great seers of the twentieth century.(future of humanity)
Baba Vanga was a clairvoyant and healer, born on January 31, 1911 in a small village called Strumica, Republic of Macedonia, died on August 11, 1996. Vanga was blind and said that her abilities had something to do with the presence of invisible creatures, but could not clearly explain its origin. She said that these creatures gave information about people. According to her statements, the life of each person standing in front of her was like a movie from birth to the day of her death. (future of humanity)
At the age of 12 his life took a surprising turn, one day he encountered a large tornado, which are almost nonexistent in that area, lifted it and threw it 400 meters forward, his eyes were filled with sand, which made gradually began to lose sight until four years later she was completely blind … but at the same time she began to see what no one else saw. Vanga began to prophesy at the young age of 16, among his great successes are the terrorist attacks of September 11 in the United States, when he said that “the American brothers would be attacked by birds of steel.” The clairvoyant also predicted the beginning and end of World War II, Perestroika in the former USSR, the death of Princess Diana, and even the sinking of the Russian submarine Kursk.
Vanga, before he died, said that all over the planet there is only one heiress of his extraordinary gift. The heiress of such portentous power is a 10-year-old girl living in the south of France. Below is the calendar with all the prophecies that have been successful so far. 1939 , Earlier this year predicted World War II and its end. 1942 In April he told the Bulgarian Tsar Boris: “Remember the date: August 28. That day all your goods will fit in a nutshell.” The tsar passed away on 28 August 1943. 1968
In January, when he woke up, he began to shout: “Prague! Save Prague! For very soon it will become an aquarium in which fools go fishing.” In August of that year Russian tanks entered Prague.
1969 , Vanga “saw” in advance the death of India’s Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi.
1989 when Vanga predicted the fall of the twin towers: Horror, horror! The American brothers will be killed by pecks of iron birds. Wolves howl in bushes and flow rivers of innocent blood. “And indeed it was in September 2001 when following the air strike terror the two skyscrapers of the World Trade Center in New York collapsed.
The buildings destroyed by aircraft (birds iron) called them “twins” or “brothers.” The bush is “Bush” in English (Bush is Bush), so the prophecy was correct even as it related to the term of office of US President George Bush.
“The world will survive many cataclysms, strong upheavals, the same knowledge of the people will be transformed, difficult times will come, people will divide according to their religious beliefs.”(future of humanity)
1979 predicted perestroika and the disintegration of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
1994 , In September he issued a premonitory warning: “Russian troops will carry out an aggression against Chechnya, but they will not achieve anything”. In December of that year began the war against Chechnya, that lost Russia.
1996, In April he prophesied that communism would no longer threaten humanity.
For 2008 I prophesy the Indonesian conflict. The prophet Vanga also wrote all her prophecies until the year 5079 in which, according to her, is the end of the world.
All his prophecies are listed below:
In 2010, World War III will begin in November 2010 and will end in late October 2012. Warring countries will initially use nuclear weapons and then use chemical weapons.
In 2011 , as a result of the nuclear cataclysm in the northern hemisphere there will be no animals or vegetation. The Muslims will start a chemical war against the surviving Europeans. By 2014, many people will suffer from skin cancer and other skin diseases as a result of chemical warfare.(future of humanity)
In 2016 , Europe will be filled with Muslims. Things are bad for the US, since an “African American” president will be “the last” acting president of the northern country.
In 2018 , China will become an emerging world power. Developing countries will be in the hands of the exploiters.
In 2023 , a small variation occurs in the orbit of the Earth.
In 2025 , Europe still has not recovered from the previous sequels.
In 2028 , they create a new source of energy (probably a controlled thermonuclear reaction). The famine is gradually being overcome. They have launched a probe spacecraft bound for Venus.
In 2033 , the ice at the poles is melting. It increases the water level of the oceans.
By 2043, the world economy is thriving. Europe remains under the yoke of Muslims.
In 2046 , some organs can be created. Replacing the old organs with new ones in an innovative method of health treatment. In 2066
, during the attack on Muslim-occupied Rome, the United States uses a new kind of weather weapon, producing a glaciation.
In 2076, society without classes.
In 2084 , mother nature recovery. (future of humanity)
In 2088, a new disease causes aging in a matter of seconds.
In 2097 , it is managed to cure the disease that causes aging in a matter of seconds.
In 2100 , an artificial sun will illuminate the hidden face of the Earth.
In 2111 , people will live as if they are robots.
In 2123 , there will be a war between small nations. Powerful nations will not intervene. In 2125
, Hungary will receive signals from space. (future of humanity)
In 2130, a colony was founded under water, at the request of the advice of some experts.
In 2164 , the animals become semi-human.
In 2167 , a new religion appears.
In 2170, appearance of a great drought.
In 2183 , a colony (human?) On Mars will become a nuclear power and will demand independence from the Earth (As USA did with respect to England).
In 2187 , the two great eruptions of volcanoes will be stopped.
In 2195 , the colony of Mars develops completely, energy is abundant as is food.
In 2196 , complete mestizaje between Europeans and Asians.
In 2201 , in the Sun that reduces the march of thermonuclear processes. Drops of temperatures. In 2221
, in the search for extraterrestrial life, humanity comes into contact with something terrible. (future of humanity)
In 2256, a forgotten spacecraft brings to earth a terrible new disease.
In 2262, planets gradually modify the planetary orbit. Mars is threatened by comets.
In 2271, the principles of physics are modified.
In 2273, a crucible of white, yellow and black races gave rise to a new breed.
In 2279, power out of nowhere (probably a void or a black hole).
In 2288, travel in the tunnel of time. New contacts with aliens.
In 2291, the sun cools. Attempts were being made to light it again.
In 2296, powerful eruption on the Sun. Change of the force of gravity. Old space stations and satellites begin to fall.
In 2299, in France, a guerrilla movement arose against Islam. (future of humanity)
In 2302, new important laws and secrets of the universe are unveiled.
In 2304, the secrets of the Moon are unveiled.
In 2341, something terrible comes to Earth coming from space.
In 2354, an accident in one of the artificial sun leads to drought.
In 2371, a great famine appeared.
In 2378, a new breed expands rapidly.
In 2480, the artificial Sun crashes. Earth in the twilight.
In 3005, war on Mars, the path of the planet is diverted.
In 3010, the comet strikes the moon. Around the Earth – the ring or zone of stones and dust.
In 3797, at this time on Earth has ended all non-human life form, but humanity will be able to lay the foundation of a new life in another star system. (future of humanity)
In 3803, a new planet is populated by little. Fewer contacts between people. The climate of the new planet affects the organisms of the people, which they mutate.
In 3805, a war between the humans begins by the ambition of the resources.More than half of humanity dies.
In 3815, the war is over. In 3854,
the development of civilization practically stops. People live multitudes like beasts.
In 3871, the new messiah who launches sermons to people on moral values, religion.
In 3874, the new prophet receives the support of all segments of the population. Organized a new church.
In 3878, with the Church to recycle to the new people forgotten sciences.
In 4302, new cities are growing in the world. The New Church encourages the development of new technology and science.
In 4302, the development of science is increasing. Scientists discovered the causes of all diseases and their organism behavior. In 4304,
have found the panacea to cure any disease.
In 4308, due to the mutation of people finally starting to use their brain more than 34%. Completely lost the notion of evil and hate.
In 4509, introduction to God. Man has finally reached such a level of development that they can communicate with God.
In 4599, people attain immortality. (future of humanity)
In 4674, the development of civilization has reached its peak. The number of people living with different planets is about 340 billion. Assimilation begins with foreigners. In 4674,
the development of civilization has reached its highest peak. The number of people living on different planets is around 340 billion people. Begin a process of rapprochement with extraterrestrial civilizations.
In 5076, a divisive universe appears, something unknown until now.
In 5078, the decision is made to leave the confines of the universe. While approximately 40 percent of the population is against.
In 5079, end of the world.
What are your views??(future of humanity)
Follow us on Facebook, Instagram, And Twitter For More Interesting Content Also Subscribe To Our Youtube Channel. If you have faced any supernatural or unexplainable event then you can submit your own story to reach out to more people using our website as a medium. | <urn:uuid:163919f7-f91c-4c83-aaf2-0229bc8c592b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.infinityexplorers.com/astonishing-prophecies-baba-vanga-future-humanity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.945492 | 2,314 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Immigration Policy and Less-Skilled Workers in the United States: Reflections on Future Directions for Reform
Notwithstanding the broad consensus on the benefits of highly skilled immigration, the economic role of less-skilled immigrants is one of the most controversial questions in the immigration debate. While less-skilled immigrants bring economic benefits for U.S. consumers, employers, and skilled workers, they impose some costs on U.S. workers competing for similar jobs, as this report notes. Additionally, many less-skilled workers find economic integration and upward mobility difficult.
The complex array of benefits and costs accruing to different sections of the U.S. society and economy makes it impossible to define an “optimal” level of less-skilled immigration. As immigrants integrate socially and economically, the economic benefits and costs they generate change.
However, economics does indicate some clear improvements could be made to the design of the immigration system. The author sketches a number of these improvements, including adding measures to channel currently illegal immigration through legal routes; increasing the ability of less-skilled immigrants on employment-based visas to switch employers more easily and to gain a path to citizenship; making employer visa fees sufficient to offset some of the costs of low-skilled immigration; including flexibility in the numbers admitted; and creating policies that facilitate state-level variation in the design and implementation of immigration.
II. Immigration Reform: General Goals and Primary Questions
III. Empirical Research on Unskilled Immigrants: A Few Answers, Lots of Questions
A. Costs: Lower Earnings among Native-Born Workers
B. Benefits: For Employers, Consumers, and the Economy
C. Do the Costs and Benefits Vary by Immigrant Category
D. Immigrant Integration: What Are the Stakes for Native-Born Workers?
IV. Immigration Policy
A. The Senate Bill: Closer to the Mark
B. Helpful Adjustments
C. The Many Remaining Uncertainties
D. A Few Broader Issues | <urn:uuid:9493e229-2623-408d-bf0c-f55f227def16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/immigration-policy-and-less-skilled-workers-united-states-reflections-future-directions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.928158 | 416 | 2.453125 | 2 |
College Economics 101
College students all over the country are putting away the sunscreen, packing up their possessions and heading back to school.
For parents, this can represent a period of high anxiety because for many it means that monthly expenses are about to go way, way up. In times where family budgets are tight, it pays to get your college students organized and primed to help keep the costs down wherever they can. The good news is that a little Economics 101 will go a long way to keeping those costs contained.
Alicia on “A Balanced Budget”:
It can be hard to say no, especially if your child is surrounded by others with more means. Before your college student takes off this year, take a moment and tell him that your goal is to provide an education, not enable a lifestyle. Remind her that in a dream world, you would be able to cover every incidental — from new clothes to sorority dues — but doing so deprives her of the gift of responsibility. Then give your student a budget to manage.
Instead of paying for things as they come along, put the amount you can afford on a card. Then, have your student list all the things she needs and start creating a budget. Your role is to ensure she sticks to that budget. If she calls asking for more on the card, explain to her what a budget means in real terms and tell her she will get a new card next term.
Sarah on “Buy Low”:
Point those newly in charge of budgets to big savings on basic school supplies. The office superstores and big-box retailers like Wal-Mart and Target are looking to lure shoppers into their stores with unbelievably priced back-to-school items. We found notebooks for a nickel and packs of pencils and pens for a penny. This is the time to stock up on school supplies like tape, paper, pens, markers and notebooks. Buy enough of the basics for the entire year, as they are cheaper now than at any other time of the year. Remind your student that every penny saved on the basics can be put toward more fun purchases.
Here a few additional ways to help your college student get organized to manage those debits and credits more effectively.
#1: Buy Used
Depending on whether a school goes by semesters or quarters, your student will have to buy anywhere from 25 to 60 books in a year. Fortunately, there are a lot of great strategies for saving money on books. Most campuses have used-book sales that are fantastic sources for good-quality used books. Another possibility: shopping online for used books. Another: library books. They are free and have a side benefit of increasing visits to the library, which is a great place to get work done anyway. Since no library can have all the required books, another option is international editions. They are substantively the same as the American editions and are almost invariably less expensive. For those, go to sites like AbeBooks.com or TextbooksRus.com.
#2: Buy — Don’t Rent
Cut costs on fleshing out the dorm room wherever you can. Avoid rental companies like the plague. It may seem like a good short-term solution to rent, but you will pay twice what it costs to buy things — like TVs, microwaves and fridges — and you won’t own them at the end. Instead, buy appliances at places like Goodwill or other secondhand stores. Remember that most items for the dorm room aren’t likely to end up as family heirlooms.
#3: Earn It
If your student needs an income to make ends meet, there are many work-study opportunities available on campuses. On-campus jobs provide the extra spending money, while dorm advisory roles may actually cut the rent cost. Or you may want to have your child work for a year before starting school. AmeriCorps, for instance, provides valuable work experience and money while also doing important community services. The ancillary benefit is that it allows a person’s head to clear and be more focused heading into college. | <urn:uuid:62cf517e-87f0-4665-888d-c16b750b32ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://m.getbuttonedup.com/2008/09/07/college-economics-101/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.960458 | 845 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Better knowledge of dangerous substances can prevent life-long allergies
An estimated 4,300 common chemicals in society can trigger an allergic reaction on contact.
“Chemists and dermatologists need to work together to tackle the growing problem with allergies,” says Yolanda Hedberg, a researcher at the Department of Chemistry and docent at KTH.
A contact allergy is a life-long disease. Once your skin has reacted to a molecule, your body remembers this for the rest of your life.
KTH researcher Yolanda Hedberg has contributed to a chemically refined diagnostic method for skin allergies, in cooperation with Region Stockholm.
“We have investigated allergic reactions caused by everyday products such as cosmetics, implant materials, clothes and shoes,” she explains.
“Diagnoses are determined via tests using so-called patch test chambers, that we have analysed and refined at the Occupational and Environmental Medicine Centre Centrum för Arbets- och Miljömedicin .
Together with research colleagues, Hedberg has also been supporting the European Chemicals Agency for the last couple of years in lobbying for legislation to protect consumers against harmful substances in products.
Despite measures such as the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals in the EU, REACH , there has been an explosive growth in allergy cases in society.
“It's difficult to entirely avoid allergy invoking substances today, they are found almost everywhere,” she says.
Demanding work to find the cause of a contact allergy
According to Hedberg, an estimated 35 percent of all women and 17 percent of all men currently have developed a nickel allergy.
“Nickel allergy is the commonest form of contact allergy. If you have it, you can get dermatitis from contact with the metal in objects such as glasses, watches, belts, tools and keys. And we must not forget that a further 4,300 chemicals in our society can trigger contact allergies …
A contact allergy always arises where the substance has been in contact with the skin, but often only a couple of days or even weeks later. This means it can take a bit of detective work to work out what has caused the allergy.
“We need to raise public awareness of what a delayed contact allergy actually means. Many people think they have suffered a direct allergy when they get a skin rash, but in the case of contact allergies, the reaction can be delayed several weeks,” says Hedberg.
“My best advice is always to perform allergy tests as recommended on the packaging before any beauty treatment such as hair colouring, piercing, false nails, false eyelashes, face masks or getting tattoos. You also need to wait at least a couple of days to see whether you have a possible allergy. Serious allergic reactions can be life threatening in the worst case.”
She also stresses that it can be difficult for doctors and dentists to determine if it is a case of a delayed contact allergy from an implant, for example.
“That’s why closer cooperation is needed between care providers and chemists. As researchers, we are already helping many sectors when it comes to occupational allergies today, such as preventing chromium allergy that can be caused by cement and work gloves. Not many people are aware that leather often contains chromium, and shoes can also cause severe allergic discomfort,” Hedberg explains.
The beauty industry is particularly vulnerable to powerful allergy invoking substances, and the problem is especially common in hairdressing salons and nail bars.
“Everyone who gets a rash from substances they use on a daily basis as part of their job, must make sure they take protective measures in good time, as once you have developed a contact allergy, you can be forced to change your job.”
Hedberg is currently supervising a Vinnova financed student project on substances in tattoo inks that are hazardous to health, that is expected to be completed in May 2020.
Photo: Håkan Lindgren | <urn:uuid:4d20b93d-ae1f-4f7f-9164-90de1aa010b9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kth.se/en/om/nyheter/centrala-nyheter/livslanga-allergier-forebyggs-genom-okad-kunskap-om-farliga-amnen-1.959060 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.946569 | 833 | 3.40625 | 3 |
Whether we want to acknowledge this fact or even feel about it, air pollution is a genuine problem, one which continues to influence our environment and our daily lives each and every day. Even though people who live in countryside areas can easily forget that such a problem exists as they do not see smog and factories on a regular basis or remember its causes fewer cars on the roads, it is a very real problem that affects everybody. But in this present day scenario we simply can not ignore this potential threat called pollution.
For example, when driving past a factory pumping smoke clouds high into the sky, or when standing in traffic jam smelling the exhaust of the car in front of us, it is hard not to imagine what damage it is doing to our body. Air pollution comprises of different types of chemicals and gases being passed into our atmosphere. The most important reason of this unwanted pollution is the number of vehicles which are increasing day by day. Secondary to that are industrial factories that discharge dirty and dangerous smokes and fumes into the atmosphere.
Usually in the morning time and the evening’s people go for increased outdoor activity and fun. But, besides the warmer temperatures coming there also arises the concerns about the air quality. Apart from the pollution, the temperature and particles and matter, the air becomes thicker and heavy, making it much harder for patient’s suffering from asthma and other air borne problems difficult to breathe. First of all, fuel combustion exhausts from car engines is a lethal addition to the air we breathe.
Throughout this process, the fuel is consumed in the combustion process in which a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen in the air to liberate energy. The by-product, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are discharged into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide, also a byproduct, forces heat to stay near the surface of the earth also adds up to global warming. Air pollution has been connected with numerous types of illnesses such as strokes, heart issues and breathing problems.
The Studies and the reports have found out that high nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide levels place people at greater risk for headaches, thus enabling more emergency room visits during the summer. The cause is that the pollutants have inflammatory effects on the blood vessels. Inflammation weakens the body’s defenses against disease. Free radicals are responsible for disease.
The increasing incidents of breast cancer have also been associated to higher than normal levels of nitrogen dioxide. Fuel combustion has been shown to increase inflammation in the body with cases of appendicitis being linked to this pollutant. Air pollution is responsible for global warming. This phenomenon shows the way to the steady but continual increase of the temperature of our planet. It has already started showing its affect in the whole ecosystems, and if it is not stopped, it will melt the polar ice bergs which will move up the sea levels. | <urn:uuid:15c25fc4-59bb-4ee5-a50c-2a2363f289c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthdoctrine.com/the-bad-effects-of-air-pollution/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.952819 | 575 | 3.390625 | 3 |
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“You’re beautiful just the way you are.”
Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Advertising on our site helps support our mission. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Policy
A phrase we’ve all heard from our parents, and it’s always true of course! But right now, chances are your child is being exposed online, at their friends’ house or at school to endless products that promote beauty or other kinds of visual transformation.
And let’s face it, even a parent’s sincere compliment can’t always compete with the allure of the steady stream of marketers and influencers pushing gleaming lip-gloss, colorful characters and virtual perfection. (At least that 1980’s bright blue glitter eyeshadow trend is gone and more natural styles are in!)
While interest in makeup begins at a young age and tends to rise in middle school when kids engage in character-play and emulate older children and adults, parents may wonder what age is appropriate to allow their kids to wear makeup. Parents may also wonder how to keep kids safe and healthy once they do decide to allow it.
“The first rule of thumb is to have an open discussion about makeup as soon as your child expresses interest,” says pediatrician Eva Kubiczek-Love, MD. “As with any new activity as your kids grow, parents need to establish expectations, set limits and understand the psychological and health impact of these permissions on them.”
What’s the right way for kids to wear makeup?
While there’s no right or wrong age, the proper way for your kids to wear makeup depends on your family’s perspective and the accepted practice in your child’s community. And making sure you’re okay with these norms ahead of time can help in your decision making. If children are involved in dance or cheer competitions for example, makeup may be more prevalent in their social circles.
“Also it’s always a good idea to ask your kids why they’re interested in makeup, encourage them to have fun, and expect that you may need to tell them when you think too much is too much,” Dr. Kubiczek-Love says.
Regardless of when you allow your kids to use beauty products and cosmetics for special occasions, play or for regular use, there are five tips that apply to any makeup wearer that are especially true for your child’s younger, developing skin.
According to Dr. Kubiczek-Love, parents should help their children:
- Buy safe products. “Many cosmetics, including those labeled ‘natural’ and ‘organic,’ aren’t regulated to the standards parents might expect,” she says. Shop for products with the fewest ingredients, and avoid ingredients you think are harmful. Check out the Environmental Working Group’s Skin Deep® database, where you can search for items by brand name or product category, and choose products based on safety rating.
- Start with less. Ease into wearing makeup. For a preteen, maybe start with lip-gloss. Over time, add powder foundation or other products. Don’t dive in with heavy lipstick and eyeliner.
- Watch for skin irritation. Reaction from cosmetics can be as mild as skin redness or as severe as hives and swelling. Most symptoms appear quickly, says Dr. Kubiczek-Love. If they do, remove the product — and don’t use it again. In case of hives or swelling, give your child an antihistamine and call the doctor. Allergic reactions appearing on your child’s face could spread to his or her airways. If your child is wheezing, has abdominal pain or is vomiting, get medical care immediately.
- Go easy on sensitive or acne-prone skin. Steer away from heavy, oil-based products — especially creams, lotions and foundations — that can aggravate acne, eczema and other sensitive skin. Use an oil-free concealer on acne. And, above all, follow tip No. 5.
- Maintain a healthy skin regimen. Skin care is important for any adolescent, especially those wearing makeup. Teach your child to:
- Wash their face every day with a mild cleanser.
- Avoid antibacterial soap and exfoliating agents. Harsh products can damage young skin and cause acne flare-ups.
- Remove all makeup before going to bed.
- Replace cosmetics every six to 12 months to minimize risk of contamination.
- Avoid sharing cosmetics, which can increase the risk of contamination and infection.
“The most important things is to teach kids that makeup is meant to enhance their appearance, not change or overpower it,” Dr. Kubiczek-Love says. | <urn:uuid:9e80d2f1-5bec-4b50-b6e3-0e452f901ff1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://health.clevelandclinic.org/does-your-child-want-to-wear-makeup-5-things-you-should-know/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.930861 | 1,019 | 2.125 | 2 |
The Data Validation tool is a great tool that allows you to control what gets put into a spreadsheet.
In the Requisitions column, create a Data Validation so that the same number cannot be used twice.
You can either create a separate column (D) and do a check using countif, then use data validation in Column A to check against column A.
Otherwise, build the check directly into the Data Validation (using the Custom format).
Now try and add some duplicate transaction numbers
Refer to the adjacent solution sheet in the spreadsheet
To see the full course contents click here. | <urn:uuid:b375401e-11ca-40f4-a359-9719f36efb03> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://online-excel-training.auditexcel.co.za/lesson/data-validation-example/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.756027 | 124 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Spanish Education at Safety Harbor Montessori Academy
The main goal of the Spanish program is to provide a positive learning experience by having a wide range of teaching aides and promoting opportunities to use Spanish both inside and out of the school environment.
A special emphasis is placed on the way the students process information, specific to each student's learning style, interests, needs and abilities. In addition, our program will strive to present the curriculum in a manner that is relevant and in context with the students' everyday life experiences, both at school and home.
Our program will focus all aspects of Spanish communication and cultural awareness such as listening, speaking, customs, food and celebrations around the world.
Spanish lessons will utilize engaging, hands-on activities which include songs, games, movements, and visual aides that are pertinent to the theme being taught.
Safety Harbor Montessori Academy understands the importance of exposure to more than one language at an early age, and we begin offering Spanish to our pre-primary level children twice a week. By first grade, and following through all the way to eighth grade, we offer Spanish four days a week.
By graduation, students are well prepared and have fulfilled their requirements for more rigorous high school programs that require at least one year of formal study of a world language. | <urn:uuid:e0d51d5e-e22f-49d4-ab4b-ef3de7d52e18> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.safetyharbormontessori.com/spanish-education | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.959793 | 261 | 2.890625 | 3 |
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Telhan’s pancake bot makes “algorithmic” or “parametric pancakes”: algorithms decide what is healthier for the user by picking the ingredients, which determine the color of the batter.
Designing Different Futures with Orkan Telhan
What might foods look and taste like—and what might they do to our microbiomes, bodies, and environments—in different futures? How will changing climates around the globe affect methods of food production and consumption?
These questions are addressed in Designs for Different Futures, a major exhibition co-curated by Associate Professor of Fine Arts Orkan Telhan and organized by the Walker Art Center, Philadelphia Museum of Art, and the Art Institute of Chicago.
The presentation this fall at the Walker Art Center features a six-part installation by Telhan entitled Breakfast Before Extinction. It considers such phenomena as bananas pushed to the edge of extinction through industrialized farming, lab-grown edibles like synthetic vanilla, and traditional Turkish simit breads optimized for weight control and gut health.
“Our relationship to food has always been mediated by design,” says Telhan. Writing in the exhibition catalog, he goes on, “Once our basic nutritional needs are met, our diet and tastes become part of our individuality, style, and image. We design ourselves through our diets.”
Telhan’s installation is one of 80 works that address the challenges and opportunities that humans may encounter in the years, decades, and centuries ahead. The Designs for Different Futures exhibition is divided into 11 thematic sections—Labors, Cities, Intimacies, Bodies, Powers, Earths, Foods, Materials, Generations, Informations, and Resources—and brings together an designers from around the world and all fields. Visitors encounter textiles made of seaweed, a typeface that thwarts algorithmic surveillance, a series of books that will only be available 100 years from now, an affordable gene-editing toolbox, a shoe grown from sweat, a couture dress made with a 3D printer, and a system that learns from our sewers. Each of these projects—from small product innovations to large-scale system proposals—asks us to imagine futures different than what we expect, and in doing so, helps us craft a fascinating portrait of our diverse and turbulent present.
Designs for Different Futures is on view at the Walker Art Center through April 11, 2021. The exhibition was on view at the Philadelphia Museum of Art from October 22, 2019–March 8, 2020. | <urn:uuid:37ddeeed-78b6-4ba0-bbda-e2e1d4172b4d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.design.upenn.edu/fine-arts/graduate/post/designing-different-futures-orkan-telhan | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.935945 | 534 | 2.234375 | 2 |
A trip to the grocery store or your local pumpkin patch is all you need for these autumn themed sensory activities. Your one year olds, toddlers, and preschoolers will have a ball scrubbing the pumpkins clean then getting all the slimy goodness out of the pumpkin insides. These activities use fine motor skills, picking out seeds, gross motor skills when pumpkin bowling, sensory development, counting, language development and more!
Something as simple as a tub filled with dish soap will keep your Preschooler entertained! Simply take a plastic tub (your sink is fine if you don’t have a tub) and fill it with dish soap. Place different pumpkins inside along with a variety of sponges. Have your little one wash the pumpkins with the different sponges and brushes. They’ll love the bubbles and the textures that they feel. As they use each brush and sponge, have them feel it with their hands. Talk about the different textures such as rough, smooth, bumpy, and soft. You can use directional words to help reinforce language development, too. “Wash the top of the pumpkin, wash the bottom of the bottom.” “Scrub the brush up and down and side to side.” Not only is this activity great for sensory development, but your kiddo will be squeaky clean they’re done!
This is a fun game that the whole family can take part in! Just grab some pumpkins of different sizes and plastic bowling pins. The younger ones can use the smaller, lighter pumpkins whiles bigger kids can have the larger sizes. If you don’t have access to plastic bowling pins you can make you own using empty two liter bottles. Count the pins when you set them up then count how many get knocked down. Discuss how many pins are standing and how many are on the ground. You can also have your little ones compare the different size pumpkins they are bowling with. They can run around the pumpkins and jump over the pumpkins to practice their gross motor skills. The best part is you don’t even have to rent bowling shoes!
One of the greatest parts about fall is pumpkin carving. You can use this fall sensory activity as a learning activity before the carving begins. I cut open the top of the pumpkin then remove all the sharp objects so my little one can explore safely. They’ll love the feeling of the super slimy seeds and pumpkin strings! Have them scoop the seeds out with their hands so they can feel the textures. Talk about the parts of the pumpkin that they are feeling: seeds, strings, stem. This is a great opportunity to talk about our other senses, too. The smell of the pumpkin’s insides, what they see (colors, seeds, strings, chunks of pumpkin), the sound it makes when you plop it into the bowl. You can have them use tweezers to move the seeds from one bowl to another and count as they go. They can also taste the raw pumpkin then compare it to all the yummy snacks that can be made from the pumpkin. Little ones will love hearing about all the things that are made with pumpkin such as: dried pumpkin seeds, pumpkin bread, and pumpkin pie. They can even pretend that they are a chef preparing goodies for the family!
Our last pumpkin sensory activity is making pumpkin clouds! Not only is it fun to play with, but it smells delicious, too! Kids will love pretending with these colorful balls of dough. After using the recipe below, you can have them take small toys to bounce on the “clouds”. Discuss the soft and squishy feel as well as they spicy aroma of this easy to follow recipe:
7 cups flour
1 cup cooking oil
½ cup paint powder (optional)
Mix all the dry ingredients then combine the cooking oil. You’ll need to use your muscles to work the oil into the flour but soon you’ll have the magical pumpkin cloud dough!
We love fall and all the sensory bins to match the season! I have created this fun 2-D shape pumpkin activity to help all you busy mommas provide learning opportunities for your little ones. Subscribe today and you’ll get monthly themed freebies, sensory ideas, and more! This fall friendly activity will show you how to set up a sensory bin and use the free shape cards. Click here to access your fall freebie!
Never miss out on any free little learner activities or more sensory bin ideas, and hands on learning experiences! Sign up today!
My name is Nicole and I am so glad you are here! I have always loved photography and have taken classes. Then I started my teacher journey and fell in love with creating resources for what I needed in the classroom. Now I have combined both of my passions to bring you spectacular resources! | <urn:uuid:e91a8496-8954-46bb-94a7-6d64223b61b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://craftycurriculum.com/pumpkin-activities-oneyearolds-toddlers-preschoolers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.937438 | 1,002 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Amy Ridenour’s newly redesigned National Centre for Public Policy Research blog (very stylish Amy; I like the gravitas suggested by yellowed book pages), features a great non sequiturial attack on the Independent for adding to its already exhaustive coverage of the climate change issue.
The best part of Amy’s outburst is her use of the newly coined word fisk, about which Wikipedia says this:
“The term Fisking, or to Fisk, is a rightwing blogosphere term describing criticism that highlights perceived errors or other problems in a statement, article, or essay. It should be noted that these “errors” do not necessarily refer to factual inaccuracies, but more often to perceived inaccuracies in the analysis of presented facts.
“Indeed, “Fisking” may appear, to those who do not share the viewpoint of the fisker, to be merely taking small parts of an article out of context and putting the worst possible interpretation on them, without regard to the connections between individual points.”
If that’s not enough, both Ridenour’s post and the whole Wikipedia article are worth a look. Wiki, especially, explores the etymology of fisk, paying appropriate homage to the journalist Robert Fisk, whose award-winning reporting originally earned the wrath the Ridenour’s fellow travellers. | <urn:uuid:7f51d95e-3f2c-4c87-a81d-fb777c41de9d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.desmog.com/2006/02/28/fisking-climate-change-arguments-the-deniers-get-creative/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.936371 | 287 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Viernes 21 de septiembre, 12h.
Salón de Actos. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales
This lecture will be held in English.
Titulo: The Evolution of Sexual Isolation via Sexual Selection in Sticklebacks
Ponente: Jenny Boughman. Associate Professor, Zoology; Ecology, Evolutionary Biology & Behavior; BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, Michigan State University
Sexual selection is a powerful evolutionary force, causing dynamic trait evolution that can result in isolation between diverging populations. Whether sexual selection causes speciation is controversial, but stickleback fish have provided a compelling case study.
I weave together new evidence on female choice and male competition, showing how they contribute to speciation. First, I focus on female preference. Female preferences for ecologically relevant male traits may be important both for within and between species mate choice. Within species, these preferences allow females to choose high quality, locally adapted males, while between species, they allow females to avoid costly heterospecific matings. Such preferences for traits that indicate local adaptation may also lead to the evolution of magic traits that can greatly facilitate speciation. We studied female mate preference for body size and body shape, both of which are ecologically important traits in benthic, limnetic and anadromous threespine sticklebacks. We find evidence that female preferences have diverged to prefer locally adapted males. In conspecific mating trials benthic females preferred larger males, while limnetic females preferred males that were more limnetic-like in shape. In heterospecific mating trials, surprisingly, female benthics no longer based their choice on size; however, limnetic females continued to prefer more limnetic-shaped males. We show that shape is a magic trait, as it is the basis for both divergent adaptation and for assortative mating between species.
Next, I switch to male competition. Rugged fitness landscapes are thought to promote speciation, as they provide multiple adaptive peaks for populations to occupy. They have been little used in sexual selection research, however. We characterized the fitness landscape generated by sexual selection through male competition. We capitalized on the highly variable genotypic/phenotypic combinations found in an F2 mapping population, which has trait combinations not found in nature allowing us to experimentally tease apart selection on multiple traits. We then measured male competition in naturalized habitats corresponding to the native mating habitat of limnetic sticklebacks, assessing male ability to acquire territories and defend nests. We found correlational selection; more brightly colored, more aggressive males were more likely to establish territories. Surprisingly, other traits did not matter, including traits commonly assumed to influence male competitive ability, such as body size.
Taken together, these results suggest the sexual selection is a key driver of speciation in stickleback fish.
Presentado por: Dra. Marta Barluenga.
Note: Please install quicktime if you can't see video streaming. | <urn:uuid:320a11c6-cd5d-44c5-abbe-b7551c89d177> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cienciatk.csic.es/calendario_de_emisiones/The+Evolution+of+Sexual+Isolation+via+Sexual+Selection+in+Sticklebacks_305.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.920596 | 637 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Our Lesson Plans &
Learning Modules for Kids
for Ancient History
Some restrictions apply to all lessons and activities below. Please see our FAQ section prior to use or see restrictions at the bottom of this page for details. Please note, these activities are not arts and crafts. Rather, first you make it, then you set it to work.
For Teachers - Our Free Use Lesson Plans and Activities
The difference between artifacts and fossils. In prepartion, I make a set of posterboard paddles with short handles for each student. One paddle says Artifacts. The other says Fossils. I create a list of questions. Is an old buried dog bone found at a dig an artifact or a fossil? Is a carved dog bone found at a dig an artifact or a fossil? Is an ancient dog collar an artifact or a fossil? In class, I pass out a set of paddle to each student. I tell them these are not weapons. They are your ability to vote. I direct the kids to hold the Artifacts paddle in their right hand if they are right handed and in their left hand if they are left handed. (I want the hand they normally raise, sometime, before they speak, holding the artifact paddle.) I ask about 10 quick questions. Then I have the kids write a question of their own. Give them a minute, then ask does anyone want to ask their question? The class answers by raising the appropriate paddle. I know it sounds dumb, but it works. I tried just having them raise their hand. That got boring fast. But raising a paddle - for some reason, that was fun.
New Teacher Tip: At the end of the activity, which can be adjusted by the number of questions you ask to fit any time slot, I collect the paddles and save them for another class and another day. Now and then thoughout the year, you're going to find a dead couple of minutes. Have questions ready. It's a smart way to fill in the time and remind your kids that artifacts are the remains of man-made things; fossils are the remains of once living things.
Door into my Classroom: For early humans, I put a brown arch around my door with heavy construction paper, like the entrance to a cave. I have a sign above my door that says: THE STONE AGE. I staple pertinent things on the cardboard around my door like the outline of a hand, a saber toothed tiger, a wooly mammoth, a stone tipped wood spear, a bush with berries, a campfire - anything to do with early humans. That way, each time the kids enter my classroom, they enter the Stone Age. It's silly, but it helps to keep them on track.
Cave Painting for the Classroom:
Preparation Materials: : Charcoal or chalk, tape, brown paper bags (1 or 2 per student)
Preparation Instructions: The day before this activity, if using Option #1, tell kids to wear slacks or jeans the next day.
Day of Activity Instructions:
Option #1: Darken the room. Have the students wad up a paper bag and tape it to the bottom of their desk. (Wadding the bag will give the surface a rough feel, like a cave wall.) If anyone needs help wadding, get the kids to help those who are having difficulty. Have the students crawl under their desks. Then have them draw local animals on the paper bags. Once they have created their "artifact", display the bags on a bulletin board, putting them close together like one wall of a cave.
Option #2: Darken the room. Give each student a paper bag. Tell them to open it up and rip a side or two to make it bigger. Then instruction them to wad it up loosely to create texture, like the wall of a cave. Then have them draw local animals on the paper bags. They can also include an outline of their hand print. Once they have created their "artifact", display the bags on a bulletin board, putting them close together and even overlap, like the wall of a cave. I almost always use this option because almost always some of my kids do not wear slacks. Rather than comment on it, I simply switch to option #2.
What is a culture?
You might want to start your study of ancient civilizations with a lesson on culture. This is the lesson Mr. Donn created when he took over a 9th grade 2nd semister World Cultures class one year. I taught this in 6th grade as is. No problem at all. It was needed. My kids had no idea what a culture was, and we were ready to embark on a school year of units on various ancient cultures. World Cultures: What is Culture? (90 minutes) Lesson Plan with handout.
Ancient Mesopotamia (Sumer, Babylon, Assyria):
Mr. Donn's Ancient Mesopotamia Unit - This unit was written during Mr. Donn's first year as a teacher, many years ago. It still has value, but keep in mind, he was a newbie. We've come a long way as teachers.
Mummies! Or How to Live Forever!
Concluding Activity for Ancient Egypt: Pharaoh's Fun House
A Slightly Different Approach to the Greek Gods Family Tree - I used felt. Felt sticks to felt and it's colorful. I created the tree, a green tree with two tiers of branches and a brown tree trunk. To one side, I had rectangles with Greek gods names, but they were not on the tree or in any particular order or angle. This was up, ready to use, before the kids came to class. Then I used the myths. From the myths, as a class, we could figure out from clues in the myth who was who in the ancient Greek world, including Hera and Zeus. That is exactly how the ancient Greeks learned who was who in the Greek god world, as the ancient storytellers wandered around the Greek peninsula from village to village in early Greece. Down at the bottom of the tree, on the trunk, I placed the demi-gods - half mortals, and the monsters. It worked very well. The kids filled the tree quite rapidly. They also ran into deities that I had not prepared. They prepared them and added them to our very cluttered tree. Some where in there, I reminded the kids now and then that the Greeks had over 2,000 gods. I don't think we're going to get them all up on our wall. But we can certainly get up a few. If you have multiple classes as I had, leave it up and have the kids check if the other classes were correct. Mix up the myths. That way, every class has a chance to add to the family tree. I left the tree up during our ancient Greek unit. The felt kept falling down and I finally glued it.
Monster Myths: I especially like having the kids write their own monster myths, complete with Greek God villain and/or hero/heroine and a happy ending, early in the unit. First, have your students read some Greek Myths to review the Greek gods. Point out especially for this lesson the myth of King Tantalus (beware mere mortals who think they can lie about the gods or use the gods for their own purposes.) Working individually or in small groups, have kids write a short made up myth. As kids read their myth aloud, the rest of the class has to ooh and ah and cheer because that's how things were done when the Ancient Greek storytellers told their tales. It was the stories of myths. legends, and heroes that gave the early Greeks the unity and confidence they needed to escape the rule of the hated Dorians.
Business Cards: Tell the kids the gods are really getting upset. People are coming to the temples asking them to do everything. They don't do everything. They have jobs. People need a reminder of what jobs each god can do. In frustration, the gods have come to you to fix this. You need to create for them some business cards that they can use to advertise what they do best. (Example: Apollo, Want a sun tan? See Apollo. Or Hera: Wedding Consultant. Aphrodite: Love Advice for the Lonely. Work in groups. If you have multiple classes, work in large groups. Give each class different gods. That way, when they are all posted on the wall, the kids in each class can enjoy them. Assign groups the gods they will be helping. Give them some time. Have each class them share their business cards ideas with the class. Collect the card so can make a montage of all the cards from all classes on your wall.
9th grade and above: Zeus is retiring. Apply for his job. Writing resumes activity. If time permits, hold interviews with volunteers. Some kids are uncomfortable with acting, others love it. You can always demonstrate interview skills using two teachers. Have the kids decide - will that interviewee be hired; why or why not. Mr. Donn likes to set this up with three students ahead of time. Whe interviewed, one interrupts constantly. One talks too fast and keeps looking around. One does not answer the questions but talks about something else or how great he or she is. The kids have to decide what they did wrong in the interview. Don has signs he holds up - Constant Interruption, for example. He always compliments the interviewee and has them take a bow for their great acting skills. He does not add from there what to do in an interview. It takes time, so he does it in pieces. If you have different teachers for social studies and language arts, this is a great way to team teach.
Ancient Greek Olympics Mini-Unit: A Simulation for the Classroom; Meet the City-States. (3-5 days)
Mock Trial: Socrates Mock Trial, Classroom Activity (2-3 class periods, 55 minutes each) Preface this debate with a quick introduction of the various types of Ancient Greek government. Do a quick comparison of direct democracy (Ancient Athens) and representative democracy (USA today.) Then briefly discuss: What is philosophy? Then hold a mock trial in Athens.
Greek Bingo with printout Greek bingo card
Ask Mr. Donn: Online Quiz: Interactive Quiz Questions with Answers about Ancient Greece for Kids and Teachers
Can you save the Roman Republic? Lesson Plan, Ancient Rome.
Gossip at the Forum, A Play for the Classroom (every student has a part)
Emperors - What Makes a Good Leader? Classroom Activity
The Eightfold Path: Intro to Buddhism. Ask students to read about each step on the Eightfold Plan. Student must select about which to write, identify these two steps, and give each of the two selected its Buddhist meaning. Direct students to describe why each step would, or would not be, difficult to follow here in America. Eightfold Path
Critical Thinking Activity: Buddhist, Taoist, Confucianist, Legalist: how would each behave when faced with the same problems?
Debates on Censorship: (2-3 days) Qin (Ch'in) Dynasty, debate set in modern times. Lesson Plan, Ancient China
Make a Chinese Panel that illustrates a poem they have written. Small group project: Chinese painting typically has three sections, birds and/or flowers, figures, and glimpses of the countryside, which might include mountains, a field, a waterfall, a stream. The pictures create a feeling of harmony and balance. Some painting illustrate a poem, which is included on the painting. Many paintings were done with just a few brush strokes, to suggest, rather than detail, an idea. First, show your class some examples of Chinese paintings. Discuss how each reflects an idea or feeling. Then, using pencil or crayon, have your kids create a Chinese panel that illustrates an original poem they have written about Ancient China. This can be done as a group project, or individually. If time is tight, rather than paint, use precut pieces of colorful paper. Make sure you have enough glue sticks and sturdy paper or poster board.
Make a Shadow Puppet, and put on a show. First, read The Story of Ancient Chinese Shadow Puppets. Working in groups, write a story. Make your own shadow puppets and put on a show.
Activities that can be used for any unit:
Computer Lab: Citing Sources. Online Game Day: For example: Early Humans - Games and Interactive Learning Sites for Kids. We have a game page in each of ancient civilizations. To quick find, search Google for: mrdonn (the ancient civilization) games. Example: mrdonn ancient Greece games. I set this activity to work by creating a list of thing for kids to find in the sites listed on their exploration sheet. The kids have to cite the source for each scavenger find for verification. The format we give the kids as instructions for this lesson is: Include the following information for each source: Author (if known,) Page Title, web address (URL) and the month and year you accessed that web page (not when the page was written.) Here is the example we give our kids: Once upon a time, in the year 2021, during February, while cruising the web, you stumbled across our daily life sites. "How lucky," you said at the time. "My report on Ancient Greece is due tomorrow!" If you had listed our site in your bibliography, that listing might have read something like this:
Daily Life in Ancient Greece
Actually, we wrote a great deal of that site in 1997 and 1998, and updated it in 2002, and again in 2005, and again in 2008, and again in 2010, and most recently in 2021. The date we have our kids cite for a website is the date they found it and used it, not the date it was written.
For Kids - Our Free Use Learning Modules
Deep in the Tombs of Egypt
Two of our people have disappeared
- Deep in the Tombs of Egypt!
Ancient Roots, Modern Holidays
Mini-histories, lesson ideas,
activities for the classroom for holidays
Retold by Lin Donn; illustrated by Phillip Martin
Free Use Presentations in PowerPoint format for Ancient History & Ancient Civilizations for Kids
Free Use Presentations for Native Americans in Olden Times for Kids
Free Use Presentations for Holiday Culture & History for Kids
Free: Aesop's Fables
Free: 7 Wonders of the Ancient World
Ancient Myths & Folktales for Kids (Word format, free use for teachers and kids)
Anansi the Spider (Africa, Ghana)
Place of the Prickly Pear Cactus (Aztec)
Journey of a Princess (Aztec, grades 6-12)
Wise Owl (Iroquois Myth)
How Raven Stole Crow's Potlatch (Northwest Coastal Pacific Myth)
Clever Coyote (Comanche Buffalo Myth)
Child of Water and Little Blue Rock (Apache Myth)
Theseus and the Minotaur (Minoan/Greek)
Little Io (Greek Version)
Legend of the Trojan Horse (Greek)
The Cyclops Cave & The Sirens (Greek, from "The Odyssey" by Homer)
The Oracle at Delphi (Greek Myth)
Zeus, Hades, and the King of Corinth (Greek Myth)
Apollo and Cassandra (Greek Myth)
Pandora's Box (Greek Myth)
Demeter and Persephone (Greek Myth)
Hercules (Greek Myth)
Loawnu the Wise Woman (Xia Times, Ancient China)
Wang the Peddler (Han Times, Ancient China)
The Legend of the Shadow Puppet (Han Times, Ancient China)
The Legend of Gilgamesh (Ancient Mesopotamia, Sumer)
Gilgamesh and the Tree of Eternal Life (Ancient Mesopotamia, Sumer)
How Marduk Became the King of ALL the Gods (Ancient Mesopotamia, Babylon)
Little Io (Roman Version, which is exactly the same as the Greek version, only with Roman god names, because that's how the Romans did things)
The Legend of Romulus and Remus (Ancient Rome)
Horatius at the Bridge (Ancient Rome)
The Punic Wars & Hannibal of Carthage (Ancient Rome)
The Warrior Well (Ancient Mongolia)
The Hero Twins (Maya Empire)
Happy Together (Russian Folktale)
The Legend of the Christmas Stocking (old story)
Is your material copyrighted or may I use it?
Answer: Yes, our material is copyrighted. Nearly all the original material on the web is copyrighted thanks to laws that immediately copyright original work loaded to the web. That's why loading a webpage is called "published". If you copy other people's work and post it on your own or another site, that work is still copyrighted. You could be in a lot of trouble copying other peoples work in the wrong way even if you're a kid. For more information on copyrights, see this site: Copyright & Fair Use Laws.
But, of course you may use our lesson plans, units, and learning modules in your classrooms with some restrictions. RESTRICTIONS: Direct links to our site are always appreciated. However, you may not make a copy of our material, put your name on it, and turn it in as your work. You may not copy our material and post it on your web page or anyone else's web page. You may not mirror our site. You may not frame our site. You may not pass our site through your proxy server in order to block ads. You may not distribute and/or sell our work without our written permission. To do so is copyright infringement, which is a crime. | <urn:uuid:7578cfa3-6e63-40ae-b83b-a89c47229b23> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mrdonn.org/ourlessons-ancienthistory.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.942714 | 3,747 | 4.1875 | 4 |
Avoid clichés like the plague. ßHa! See what I did there?
Yup, we use clichés all the time. It seems to me that clichés come to be because they hold some element of truth. But haven’t we heard them enough?
Here's a fun game: pick out all of the cliche's that you hear in this song. I've never been able to make it to the end before rolling my eyes so hard I get a migrane.
Yup, it seems that songwriters can get away with using as many clichés as they want. Maybe because it makes it so easy to remember the words to the songs.
As writers we need our work to be fresh. Exciting! New! Surprising! A feast for the eyes. ßOkay, I’m cutting it close there. ßAnd there.
You see, it’s a lot quicker and easier to fall back on simple descriptions and clichés than it is to make something truly your own. That takes time, thought, and creativity-- those same old key elements of success. Dang it, it's hard work, but it's worth it!
So, if you need to fall back on cliche's, it's fine to do so in your first draft. Then come back and revise them within an inch of their lives. Your readers will thank you for it. | <urn:uuid:0f177d50-67e8-42fb-9f05-d7eb0ea3caa4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://frolickingthroughcyberspace.blogspot.com/2013/09/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.964683 | 292 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Zoë was awarded the prestigious Timberland Earthkeeper grant for her work on the urban textile fibre growing project Seeds of Fashion. She collaborated with community gardens, schools and universities to inspire people to reconnect with where their clothes come from, and working together to grow a garment from seed within the M25.
This project, together with Cordwainers Garden and the London College of Fashion, was a 2015 Green Gown Awards finalist. Exhibits and talks and workshops about the project have been shown at the South London Botanical Institute, Brockwell Hall in Lambeth, the Royal Horticultural Society and the London Permaculture Festival.
The project also featured in Hand/Eye magazine in April 2015 and the Financial Times magazine in May 2015.
For more details of the project, see the Seeds of Fashion blog. | <urn:uuid:182936c6-70b3-4788-934d-87e1056f490d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://zoeburt.com/2016/01/16/seeds-of-fashion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.943969 | 166 | 1.617188 | 2 |
If you’re new to the Forex market, or perhaps have been in this for a short period of time, then you may be pondering what you can do to begin with making more money. Trading automated programs like Fx Megadroid are all over the place (both in on the internet and offline) they usually promise to cause you to rich instantaneously. While these kinds of robots can definitely help you make a income, it’s important to understand that they are just tools, and only as successful as your know-how and expertise with the industry itself. Here are a few strategies to get you started with automated trading.
Probably the most common and strategies is called a Remaining hair. This is where you place a limit based on your own personal risk tolerance, after that use these kinds of limits to make a profit over time. Algorithmic trading is basically a way of executing multiple orders with pre-programmed, or perhaps automated trading rules accounting https://hourprofitable.com/de/handelsplattformen/bitcoin-profit-review/ designed for factors like price, period, and amount of products on hand. This kind of trading attempts to leverage the computational ability and speed of computers compared to our traders. To put it differently, you use a means to00 take advantage of all of the variables linked to a particular market.
An additional useful strategy is called walking prevents. This is just a system of tradings that help minimize your general risk, by simply adjusting risk levels with your trades to account for things such as possible bounces in the main asset price, market trends, within economic conditions, and many other out of factors. A large number of Forex traders, especially beginner investors, think that because these auto trading software trade almost no, they don’t require any special skills. Nevertheless , if you know how to read the monetary markets, you can actually reduce the risks associated with trading on automobile trading.
The final strategy involves using an option together with your automated trading robot. An option is a contract between two traders that permits them to collection parameters for every other. When one investor executes an order, they develop an option with regards to the various other trader to counter it. If this option is not really exercised in a specified time period, then the original trader has got the right to workout their alternative, thus exiting the start position. These are generally often used by simply larger monetary markets, in which exposure to market movements can be hugely significant.
Many online monetary markets apply certain type of computerized trading software, either like a free method or simply because one-off services from thirdparty distributors. The nice thing about making use of this software is that many allow traders to set leave points and trailing stops, so they can decide when it’s far better to exit a certain trade. Investors often employ these kinds of services as part of a diversified investment profile, in addition to using automatic trading strategies. The downside to using this software is that there is no guarantee that traders could have access to depart points or perhaps that they will be allowed to set their particular stop-losses and limits.
The best automatic trading software solutions offered to traders are offered through brokers. Automated agents provide all the functionality necessary for real-time trading, while still being hands-free enough to get a large number of non-commodity shareholders. This includes options, stop-losses as well as streaming news. These programs are provided through independent suppliers and not by individual brokers. Therefore , they are really much more likely to supply the services which can be needed by simply independent dealers. | <urn:uuid:a7487dc7-aec7-49a0-ace2-36d4c66831f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.iphonerepairlv.com/2021/01/25/a-guide-to-the-best-computerized-trading-software/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.956173 | 736 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Businesses must embrace the programmable world. Or die.
FORTUNE — The havoc the Internet has wrought on traditional business already dwarfs previous economic transformations, but we haven’t seen anything yet.
Companies of all sizes and across all industries are now facing a massive digital disruption that will permeate their cores. Information technology has been working its way into business processes for decades, but this is different: The apps, data and APIs that are driving this digital transformation are not just enabling business; they are becoming its very fabric. Whether digital native or analog immigrant, today’s digital pioneers recognize that an app strategy is the key to customer engagement, user experience and business success.
The programmable world depends on a powerful and flexible digital-ecosystem infrastructure that is invisible to the user. Implementing and managing all this hidden complexity is a massive undertaking, and most companies lack the necessary resources.
One element critical to the programmable world — API management — is particularly complex. Fortunately, this complexity can be offloaded onto API platforms like Apigee (disclaimer: one of our portfolio companies), which is already enabling businesses such as Walgreens (WAG), Marks & Spencer and eBay (EBAY) to build powerful digital ecosystems that transform their business, without losing their focus on core competencies.
For example, Walgreens uses APIs to leverage existing photo-printing services, letting customers print photos directly from their mobile phones to a local Walgreens store. The company has found that customers who engage with Walgreens in person, online and via mobile apps spend six times more than those who only visit stores.
Similarly, AppDirect uses open APIs and IaaS with a new platform that connects developers to channel partners across different industries. This lets companies like Staples (SPLS) and Bell Canada (BCE) launch state-of-the-art app stores in just a matter of weeks.
These app stores have ushered in a mobile post-PC era in which people increasingly expect a rich and personalized experience that seamlessly spans any app and device. Open-API platforms like Twilio help to enrich the mobile experience by letting developers add voice and messaging functionality to their applications.
In the transportation industry, Twilio powers the Uber mobile communications platform that connects passengers to drivers of vehicles for hire. Customers tap a smartphone button, and the Uber cloud matches them to the nearest available member limo. Payment is made through the smartphone, so no cash is involved.
In the hospitality industry, Twilio underlies Airbnb, which provides a trusted community for listing, finding, and booking unique accommodations around the world. The Airbnb cloud matches travelers with lodgings ranging from apartments for a night to villas for a month, and helps property owners to promote and monetize unused spaces. Participants can text each other through Airbnb anonymously, without revealing their phone numbers.
Emerging digital ecosystems
However, the really big opportunity is in helping traditionally analog industries — such as healthcare, professional services, manufacturing and consumer packaged goods — to emigrate to the programmable world.
Let’s focus on one: Healthcare, a largely disconnected industry with outdated information technology that is struggling with a huge government-mandated disruption. Here, APIs are enabling more advanced healthcare technologies.
For example, CareCloud (another one of ours), which serves as the digital connective tissue between physicians, patients, medical records depositories, labs and other key healthcare stakeholders. CareCloud’s automation streamlines office processes, reducing administrative overhead while improving patient care.
One app lets patients change their appointment after-hours and select an alternative slot. Other apps let your doctor know in real time that you showed up at a lab for your prescribed test; display the results as soon as the test is done; auto-populate them into your chart; and alert you via your mobile phone to schedule a follow-up appointment with your doctor. You can even have your provider store your medical records in your own Box account.
With such automation, doctors can close the clinical loops of their workflow much more quickly, and patients are more connected to their health information. Compare this to traditional paper-based processes, where work piles up, and customers spend far too much time tracking down their health information.
APIs are also enabling more intelligent medical devices. For example, OrthoSensor makes sensors that constantly monitor the performance of orthopedic implants and report remotely on any problems. This information, which can be passed on in real time to doctors and other healthcare professionals, improves post-operative care, enables earlier intervention and facilitates more targeted rehabilitation.
Platforms, not products
We are rapidly becoming a programmable world. By 2025, the earth will contain more than 25 trillion connected devices that can communicate with smartphones and each other. This creates a major opportunity for entire industries to build digital ecosystems.
It is also a mandate for individual businesses, because their very survival now depends on a digital strategy. Businesses must make apps central to their operations, and use them to solve real customer needs. Consumer apps have heightened human expectations, and playing the old product game is a recipe for failure.
As with the Internet revolution, businesses must embrace the programmable world — or die. | <urn:uuid:1633008a-65d0-41ff-8ea0-f4a201f1d1d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fortune.com/2013/10/22/businesses-must-embrace-the-programmable-world-or-die/?iid=sr-link10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.932121 | 1,075 | 1.554688 | 2 |
The Memory Jogger, A pocket Guide of Tools for Continuous Improvement, is the “original” Memory Jogger and is now available as a revision 31, 2018 version.
Check out the Table of Contents and some selected pages below.
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This new revision adds further clarification and extra examples to some of the tools and brings the look and feel of this original Memory Jogger up to date with its peers. The seven classic continuous improvement tools are explained in easy to understand terms, with worked examples in each case. Other additional tools to help with team work and problem solving are included in the same easy to understand format. Together they make up an excellent set of continuous improvement tools for problem solving at all levels.
Help everyone in your organization improve daily the procedures, systems, quality, costs, and yields related to their jobs. With more than five million sold, The Memory Jogger is the perfect way to involve every member of your organization in continuous improvement and quality achievements.
- Provide your teams with practical instructions on the classic continuous improvement tools
- Learn from many examples of problem-solving techniques
- Involve everyone in your organization using a convenient and easy-to-use reference tool book
Included tools you will learn:
– Flow Chart
– Check Sheet
– Pareto Chart
– Cause and Effect Diagram
– Run Chart
– Scatter Diagram
– Control Chart
– Process Capability
– Nominal Group Technique
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Last year, I explained how I evaluate our homeschool year using Hits and Misses. This method is very simple (on purpose – I like simple!) and is adaptable to any grade, age, or stage you might be teaching.
You can read more about my super easy method here: How I Evaluate Our Homeschool Year
I love to read about how other homeschool mamas do school – what methods they use, what their schedules are like, tips and tricks that make their days smoother, and the like.
So I hope you enjoying reading about the things that worked in our homeschool this year (the hits) and the things that did not (the misses).
Feel free to leave your own hits and misses in the comments below! They would be helpful for all of us to read!
➡ I have all of my homeschool curriculum posts (honest reviews and what we use each year) in one spot. Just click here → Homeschool Curriculum
Hits: What Worked for Us this Homeschool Year
This post contains affiliate links. Please see my disclosure policy for more information.
If you jumped over to read how I evaluate our homeschool year, you know that it involves much more than just evaluating our curriculum choices. It involves every aspect of our year – schedule, curriculum, free time, extra curriculars, spiritual, family life … All The Things.
Here is a look at many of our Hits from this year:
1.) Break time
I’m laughing that I listed our morning Break Time as a the first Hit (because it’s break time not school time), but it definitely worked well this year! Each morning around 10:30, I took my son outside to ride his bike, jump on the trampoline, or do something very active. My 5 year old is a BOY boy, so he needs to get up and move around more than some other children. None of my other 4 children have had the need to move as this child does. 🙂
We spent 20-30 minutes outside, depending on how frigid or roasting it was, and came back in for me to do school with the big kids.
Yes, it cut into “teaching time” with my bigger kids, but this was a great treat for both my boy and me. The fresh air and activity did us a world of good each morning.
2.) Memoria Press Junior Kindergarten
While I’m on the subject of my youngest, I’ll mention that his Jr. Kindergarten curriculum was just right for him! I chose the 5-day version (there’s also a 2-day version), and that was a good fit for us. Even though I’m not a stickler for 5-day a week school at this age, it gave us a variety of activities from which to choose.
The book selections were excellent and the crafts were just right. Of course we didn’t do the curriculum completely as written and just bent it to fit as we needed. As a result, there were chunks that we didn’t do and parts that I did in addition to.
I would give my boy a 9 out of 10 for his Junior Kindergarten year!
➡ You can read about our homeschool year here: Early Kindergarten Homeschool Plans for 2021-2022
3.) Attention Challenges
A couple of my children have trouble with focusing and attention. This has only become more pronounced during the teenage years when more intense and longer periods of concentration are needed to do hard high school level work.
My children have never been tested for attention issues so there are no formal diagnoses in place. However, this year I researched these attention challenges quite a bit, looking for non-medical solutions.
Through much research and prayer, I found some solutions and we implemented them consistently. While there are no drastic and miraculous changes to report, my children have seen significant changes in ability to focus for longer periods of time.
Things are far, far from perfect in this area but I feel encouraged at the end of this school year that the situation is not as debilitating as it seemed before.
4.) Latin with my Little Girls
I call them my “Little Girls” and they always will be, of course. For reference, my Little Girls just finished 5th and 7th grades at the time of this writing.
Latin worked so well this year! I am so tickled with our year.
My 5th grader completed First Form Latin and my 7th grader finished 3/4 of Third Form Latin. We had some review sections of Second Form, so we didn’t get as far in Third Form, and I am completely fine with that. Third Form Latin is definitely a step harder!
I continued to teach my girls using Powerpoint each week, and I think that is the main contributing factor to their success – besides their hard work, of course. Treating Latin as a real class with a real instructor (me) leads to success. While there are some subjects that I expect to be done independently, Latin is not one of them. I tried it for years, and it just didn’t work.
While I am sure there are many families that can do Latin just fine with independent children, that doesn’t work for us. I have found that my children do much better and retain more if they have an interested, engaged, and knowledgeable teacher. In this case, that teacher is me.
5.) Memoria Press Online Academy Classes
My children, especially my Big Kids, took quite a few Memoria Press Online Academy classes this year – Composition, Political Philosophy, Ancient Rome and Aeneid, Dante’s Divine Comedy, and Material Logic.
It looks as if I outsourced a lot, which I did, however there are many classes that they now drastically outpace me and I can’t keep up. While that hurts my Homeschool Mama’s Heart quite a bit, I have to set aside my pride and choose the path that is most beneficial for them.
That being said, our Memoria Press Online Classes are worth every (expensive) cent. The leaps and bounds my children have made in thinking and writing, critical thought regarding an issue, and being exposed to a variety of Thinkers is massive.
Thankfully, my Big Kids had excellent professors who encourage assessment and thought. These teachers provide a frame of reference in Classical Education that I cannot currently give them.
The fruit from these classes thrills my soul and makes me feel hopeful about their futures.
My 7th grader took her first MPOA class this year in Composition. This same child is pencil-phobic and isn’t one to want to sit around and think about big ideas. Or at least she’s not yet like that. 🙂
This child grew exponentially in her ability to put a sentence and paragraph together. The confidence that she gained in her writing class is difficult to articulate. She went from a girl that hates to write any sentence to a girl that feels confident to turn in her paragraph or paper.
Having a different teacher explain things in a different way PLUS the different environment of a classroom with peers was invaluable for her.
6.) BJU Math
I cannot say how pleased I have been with our BJU math this year. My 9th grader worked through a lot of Algebra I and my 7th grader worked through most of Fundamentals of Math.
Neither of my girls love math and need quite a bit of repetition of teaching and review. BJU math provided copious amounts of teaching helps for me, which is one of the main reasons I chose it in the first place.
BJU is intense in my experience, but very solid. It is certainly teacher-intensive and took up much of my teaching time this year. However, there were several math holes that needed filling, and BJU did a great job of that.
➡ You might be interested in: How We Use BJU Algebra I in Our Homeschool
Misses: What Did Not Work for Us This Homeschool Year
1.) High School Credits
My Big Kids just finished 11th and 9th grades, and I still have much to learn about high school credits. My Big Kids are very much guinea pigs in a variety of ways, but especially when it comes to assigning high school classes and then assigning credits.
All high school credits are not equal – some are very heavy and some are quite light. I fall to the ‘heavy’ side when assigning high school classes and I finally understand that there is a need for balance between the heavy and the light.
Not everything can require intense mental thought. Not every class can involve loads of work. Doing something “light” is not a bad thing in some circumstances, and what’s fascinating, is that those ‘circumstances’ change from child to child.
What one child needs to be light, another child can live up to the heavy version and vice versa. Some children desire the heavy version, in fact!
I am sorry it took me so long to understand this about light versus heavy high school credits, as I could have saved us all some heartache!
2.) My 11th Grader’s Math and Science Curricula
Last year I mentioned that my son’s math and science were all online when they were supposed to be in person. It was a huge letdown.
This year didn’t go so well either and that was completely my fault.
However, the problem was our start to the year. I had never used a Distance Learning Option from BJU, so I knew nothing about how it worked. I ran out of preparation time at the beginning of the school year, so I didn’t zero prep work for these subjects. I expected to be completely hands-off.
What an utter mistake this was.
On the first day of school, I handed the books to my 11th grader with the shrink wrap still on them, told him to figure out how to create a BJU student account, and off he should go.
I didn’t understand the pacing, the amount of questions required, or how the quizzes and tests worked.
Major Mama Fail.
3.) Finding Teaching & Discussion and Reading Time
I have 5 children that have various interests and intensities. There is only one of me. I have a distinct and detailed vision of how I believe our homeschool should go.
Most days, I wildly underestimate how much time and energy and I have to dedicate to schoolwork. My children need to discuss their literature or history reading in order to better understand it. Latin recitation is much easier (for homeschool mom and student) when done aloud rather than independently. Math and science – especially at the high school levels – need a teacher in our house. Junior Kindergarten requires energy and creativity from an excited mother.
These things take all of my time and energy and then some.
Each year, I try desperately to figure out what I can do or rearrange or plan to make the most successful learning environment for my children. I want to give them the best, but I recognize I am only one person.
While I feel like I was able to organize my time and efforts more productively this year, there is still much room for improvement.
I just finished up Homeschool Year #12. Maybe I’ll find the “answer” in Homeschool Year #13!
You can read through all of our Homeschool Curriculum that we have used through the years in our (mostly) classical homeschool. It’s organized by grade so you can easily find ideas for your children’s current age/stage.
What are your Hits and Misses? I’d love to read them! | <urn:uuid:c269b3ff-7bbd-49d9-9eb8-35d9e1c6b8be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mamaslearningcorner.com/homeschool-evaluation-hits-and-misses-for-2021-2022/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.975622 | 2,481 | 1.601563 | 2 |
New therapeutics are testing whether protective bacteria can dampen harmful immune responses to food
As a child, Cathryn Nagler broke out in hives when she ate eggs. She reacted to penicillin. Working in labs after college, she developed a severe allergy to mice that caused wheezing, swelling and trouble breathing — twice landing her in the emergency room.
Today, Nagler is an immunologist the University of Chicago and is helping to pioneer an emerging research field: studying how bacteria in the gut can be harnessed to help people with food allergies.
It wasn’t personal experience with allergies that inspired her interest. Rather, it was an odd observation she made as a doctoral student in the 1980s. She was studying mice whose immune systems go haywire and attack the collagen protein inside their joints, causing severe arthritis. Scientists could jump-start the disease by administering a shot of collagen under the skin. But, curiously, when Nagler later fed the creatures collagen using a tube that snaked down into their stomachs, it had the opposite effect: The mice got better.
Decades on, this concept, called oral immunotherapy, has come into use as a treatment for food allergies, which affect an estimated 32 million people in the United States, including about two schoolchildren per classroom. Over the last ten years or so, some allergists have begun treating food allergy patients with small, regular doses of the offending food (or products made from it) to calm allergic responses. The approach stands to grow in popularity with the approval in January of a standardized version — a set of daily capsules to treat peanut allergy — by the US Food and Drug Administration.
But oral immunotherapy has downsides. The regimen can be nerve-racking, since it involves daily consumption of food that could kill. It doesn’t work for everyone and does little to fix the underlying disease. Success mostly means gaining the ability to safely eat several peanuts, for example, rather than reacting to a speck of peanut flour.
For some families, this modest gain is life-altering. Still, it is precarious: Patients must consume a bit of the food every day, or a few times a week, for the rest of their lives — or they could lose the protection.
So Nagler and several other researchers are working to find ways to treat food allergies more easily and durably. They’re targeting what they believe is a root cause — imbalances in the community of beneficial bacteria, or microbiome, that lives in our guts — in the hopes of resetting the immune system.
Producing a microbiome-based treatment will be challenging, with many details to hash out, such as which microbes to provide and how best to deliver them. But the approach is gaining momentum. Last year, Nagler’s team and another group in Boston reported an important step forward: They prevented severe allergic responses in allergy-prone mice by supplying gut microbes from healthy, non-allergic human babies. “The data are sound, and they are very encouraging,” says pediatric allergist Jaclyn Bjelac of the Cleveland Clinic.
And in March, scientists reported finding large amounts of antibodies against peanut allergens in the stomach and gut of allergic patients, further supporting the idea that the gastrointestinal tract is a hotspot for food allergy regulation and treatment. Already, companies are testing several strategies.
It has long been a puzzle why one person tolerates a food while another is allergic but, as outlined in an article she coauthored in the Annual Review of Immunology, Nagler is convinced that the microbiome is key.
Birth of a hypothesis
Four years after finishing her graduate work, Nagler started running a lab at Harvard Medical School. She was studying inflammatory bowel disease, not food allergies, back then. But as research in the 1990s showed that inflammatory bowel disease was primarily caused by immune reactions against gut bacteria, she shifted her attention to the microbiome.
Then, in 2000, she came across an intriguing publication. It described a mouse model for peanut allergy that mimics key symptoms experienced by people. The mice scratch relentlessly. Their eyes and mouths get puffy. Some struggle to breathe — a life-threatening allergic response called anaphylaxis.
All of this happens after researchers feed the mice peanut powder. “That caught my eye,” Nagler says. It ran counter to her earlier findings with the arthritic mice, where feeding collagen calmed the immune reaction. Why the difference?
The peanut-allergy mice, another report showed, had a genetic glitch that damages a receptor called TLR4 that sits in the membranes of immune cells and recognizes microbes. It looked as though the peanut-allergy mice lacked the normal cross talk that takes place between gut microbes and immune cells.
“That was my lightbulb moment,” Nagler says. Perhaps the trillions of microbes that live in us suppress immune responses to food by stimulating the TLR4 receptor. And perhaps perturbations in that teeming microbiome alter the suppression and cause a rise in allergies.
The idea meshes with historical trends. As societies modernized, people moved to urban areas, had more babies by cesarean section, took more antibiotics and ate more processed, low-fiber foods — all of which shake up microbiomes. The timing of these lifestyle shifts parallels the observed increase in food and other types of allergies, whose steep rise over a generation points to some environmental cause.
In 2004, Nagler and her coworkers published a report showing that peanuts provoked anaphylaxis only in mice with a mutated TLR4 receptor, not in genetically related strains with a normal TLR4. The difference disappeared when the scientists wiped out populations of gut bacteria with antibiotics. Then, even normal mice became susceptible to food allergies, implying that bacteria are at the heart of the protection.
Nagler’s lab has been working ever since to identify which bacteria are helpful, and to understand how they regulate allergic responses.
In their work, Nagler’s team focused on Clostridia and Bacteroides — two major groups of bacteria in the human gut. Working with mice bred in a germ-free environment and thus without any microbiome at all, the team found that Clostridia, but not Bacteroides, prevented food-allergic responses when introduced into the guts of the squeaky-clean mice.
There’s a potential explanation: Mice colonized with Clostridia bacteria had more regulatory T cells, a type of cell that dampens immune responses. The Clostridia mice also produced more of a molecule called IL-22 that strengthens the intestinal lining. A new theory began to emerge: If protective microbes are missing, the gut barrier weakens, allowing food proteins to seep into the bloodstream and potentially trigger allergic responses.
This reasoning jibes well with the curious observation that top food allergens (certain proteins found in milk, eggs, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, wheat, fish and shellfish) bear little biochemical resemblance to each other. What they do have in common is the ability to remain intact in the digestive tract, which normally breaks food into small pieces that the body absorbs as nutrients. “That seems to be what makes peanut the champion — its ability to resist degradation in the gut,” Nagler says.
Studies have further solidified the link between gut bacteria and food allergies and suggest that the microbiome’s impact comes early in life. Analyzing feces of healthy babies and those with egg or milk allergies, researchers showed that allergic and nonallergic infants had different communities of gut bacteria.
Another study tracked 226 children with milk allergy from infancy to age 8. The scientists found that certain bacteria, including Clostridia, were enriched in stool samples from 3- to 6-month-old infants who eventually outgrew their allergy, compared to those who remained allergic. The scientists didn’t see the same difference between these groups in older babies, suggesting that allergy-protective microbes may only act early in life.
“All of this points to the concept of a window of opportunity in terms of prevention,” says study leader Supinda Bunyavanich, a pediatric allergist at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.
From birth, our immune systems get schooled in life-or-death choices. They learn to kill germs, tumors and dying cells. Much else in their surroundings they must learn to leave alone — nerve fibers, bone tissue, proteins from milk and cookies consumed at snack time. Mouse studies published in 2019 by Nagler’s lab and another team argue convincingly that gut microbes cultivate this critical immune decision-making.
In one of the studies, Nagler and coworkers collected gut bacteria from the feces of healthy and milk-allergic babies and put those collections of microbes into the digestive tracts of germ-free mice. They found that gut bacteria from healthy babies protected mice against allergic responses to milk, whereas microbes from allergic infants didn’t.
Using mathematical and computer science techniques to analyze the results, the team identified bacterial strains that were present in healthy but not allergic babies. They also examined gene activity in cells lining the intestines — certain gene patterns are characteristic of a healthy gut barrier — and looked for microbes whose presence correlated with a healthy barrier.
One Clostridia species, Anaerostipes caccae, popped out of both analyses. When the scientists transferred A. caccae alone into germ-free mice, it seemed to mimic the protection imparted by a full, healthy microbiome.
The other team, led by Rima Rachid and Talal Chatila at Boston Children’s Hospital, took a similar approach using hyper-allergic mice, finding that the single species Subdoligranulum variabile and a set of Clostridia species prevented allergic responses. Regulatory T cells were key to the response and were spurred into action by the microbes.
These and other studies clearly show that the microbiome is important for preventing food allergies and inducing tolerance, says Carina Venter, a research dietician at the University of Colorado in Denver who is studying links between maternal diet during pregnancy, microbiomes of infants and risk for eczema and allergies. But, she says, “how that microbiome should look in terms of diversity and in terms of specific strains, we just don’t know.”
Trials and questions
The many unknowns leave a quandary for researchers hoping to develop better treatments for food allergies: Is it better to supply a full, healthy microbiome, or to replenish just a few helpful microbes? “I scratch my head every day thinking about this,” Rachid says.
She’s leading a clinical study to test the first possibility. In this small trial, adults with peanut allergies will swallow pills containing a full slate of gut bacteria from healthy donors pre-screened for safety by the nonprofit stool bank OpenBiome. The approach, known as fecal transplantation, is not FDA-approved but is increasingly used to treat severe intestinal disorders with the aim of fixing diseased microbiomes by infusing healthy, balanced ones.
Other trials are also underway. Using the protective strains identified by the Boston team, Pareto Bio of La Jolla, California, is developing a live microbial product to treat food allergies. Another company, Vedanta Biosciences of Cambridge, Massachusetts, is developing a probiotic capsule that contains a mix of Clostridia strains selected for their ability to induce regulatory T cells. Vedanta is testing the capsules as an add-on to oral immunotherapy in adults with peanut allergies.
A third company, Prota Therapeutics of Melbourne, Australia, is commercializing a similar strategy combining peanut oral immunotherapy with a probiotic — in their case, a Lactobacillus strain commonly prescribed for gastrointestinal problems.
Administering whole microbiomes from donors is not without risk: Four patients have been hospitalized, and one died, from serious infections linked to stool transplants. So some researchers think it may be better to use precisely defined species. Though this risks weakening the benefit, “you’re less likely to induce unanticipated problems,” says Wayne Shreffler, who directs the food allergy center at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston and is leading the Vedanta study.
But there’s one challenge shared by all microbiome-modulating approaches: getting new microbes established when someone already has a microbiome in place, even an unhealthy one. Traditionally, patients receive antibiotics to help new bacteria gain a foothold. But maybe there’s another way. A start-up that Nagler cofounded with University of Chicago biomolecular engineer Jeff Hubbell — ClostraBio — is developing a therapy that combines live bacteria with a key microbial metabolite, butyrate.
The chemical is known to enhance gut barrier function and may also have antimicrobial effects, which could help create a niche for the added microbes. ClostraBio plans to launch its first human trial by 2021, Nagler says.
Over the next few years, researchers will learn more about harnessing the microbiome to fight food allergies. It won’t be easy. Genetics, diet, environmental exposures: All influence allergy risk. “It’s a big puzzle,” says Bunyavanich. The microbiome is only one piece of it — but she, Nagler and others are betting it will turn out to be a big one.
Esther Landhuis (@ elandhuis) is a freelance science journalist who was writing a lot about food allergies before a very different threat changed our lives.
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Author photo credit: Mitchel Raphael
This month our guest is Dave Meslin, author of TEARDOWN: Rebuilding Democracy from the Ground Up. Meslin is an activist, artist, and community organizer who inspires better engagement between governments and citizens. He formed the Toronto Public Space Committee that in 2005 was chosen as the "Best Activist Group" by both EYE Weekly and NOW magazines. TPSC published the first issue of Spacing Magazine, an award-winning urban affairs publication. Meslin appears as an expert on political engagement on national media. His TED talk about apathy has more than 1.5 million views and his 90-second video clip from the 2016 federal election coverage, using colourful stacks of Lego bricks to explain how our voting system fails us, has over 2.5 million views on Facebook alone.
We will be asking Meslin for his thoughts on how to make climate the issue for our municipal election in October. You won't want to miss this episode!
We’ll be broadcasting to you via Facebook Live where you can participate in the night’s conversation by asking the questions you think need answering via the live-feed. Or, you can sign up for a Zoom link by giving us your email below.
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Do you like this page? | <urn:uuid:879c34aa-ce47-453c-a3cc-cab130ab248b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.calgaryclimatehub.ca/a_climate_of_change_season_2_episode_6_20210217 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.950186 | 348 | 1.632813 | 2 |
What Are They All About?
The real struggle of being a student is getting times more demanding and having to do assignments, unlike the fun days of sleep. Most students find themselves falling victim to the Will of Time pressure, and that’s where CurriculumSing comes in. As a psychology major, nobody enjoys this much. It becomes a tedious and tiresome experience, and soon enough, the lecturer gives out tasks to exhaustion. This beats theheart of every essay writing service. Don’t rest at home worry about your exams or don’t even bother going to the library to do some research, because there are loads of courses and unlimited papers to do not get squeezed by the busy schedule. Below are the various reasons why one cannot enjoy school life; Other Ways to Handle Your Interspersions include:
- Manual Payloads
- Use of no-expanding tools
- Gathering information from other sources
- Saves time
It is not encouraging to be a child whom you care less for. When a teacher assigns work,the young learner has to learn to be multitasked, explore different subjects, and focus on the task. Working without an approach may quickly put the brain on par with the monotony of books which we all have learned together. Too engaging a family member might be stressing and nearing the end of their education, thus making learning boring. To cope with the awkward situation, someone should try as far as possible to help him clear the path. Remember, teachers do not compromise on the quality of the assignment. Bad habits and repetitions will only result in a deeper sense of frustration than nurturing a kid. | <urn:uuid:0f10413f-6630-4a8e-8066-dff83cf120c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fairmondo.de/users/trevormonroe | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.954954 | 337 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Just the thought of it makes me anxious
By EG Manilag, Staff Writer
Boxes… boxes… And even more boxes to tape—and move around! Boxes are only one of the few stressors in moving out. The main stressor, however, is not tangible like the boxes I’ve mentioned. The main stressor comes from the mind: overthinking.
Overthinking is especially inevitable when planning to move out. Although it helps you in staying focused, it often leads to anxiety, sickness, or anxiety-induced sickness. I experienced a lot of overthinking when my family and I moved to a new home.
Weeks before moving out, I had a flashback to something in my psychology book that haunted me: the theory that moving is always a stressful event, especially when paired with other big life events that offer a lot of pressure. It’s hard to really argue with that. Three weeks before moving, the COVID-19 pandemic was portrayed by media outlets as a really serious problem. As a result, students and professors were forced to transition from in-person classes to online ones (with all Douglas summer courses online). These happenings really sparked a global anxiety. As for me, the paired pandemic and move triggered my long-gone asthma.
At first, I thought it was mostly because of the dust I faced in our old home when we were cleaning. I also thought that maybe I contracted the virus—which has shortness of breath as one of the signs and symptoms. To make sure I didn’t get the virus, we contacted our family doctor. Fortunately, it has nothing to do with COVID-19. So, I thought that maybe it was the stressors that ultimately made me feel sick. And I was right. While moving out, I tried to stay calm and avoid overthinking. But that was really hard, especially when the world is getting scarier. But when moving day finished and we completed arranging our stuff in our new house, I felt released, and I was literally able to breathe normally again. A lot can also happen after moving. For instance, your daily routine might be distorted, and you might have shorter periods for studying. These adjustments can be quite stressful and make you feel anxious. But one thing is certain, dealing with the inevitable readjustments (stressors) in life and working to overcome them can help you become a stronger person. | <urn:uuid:c2d8528d-da11-4023-b604-007fead5de47> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theotherpress.ca/the-stress-of-moving-out-during-covid-19/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.979932 | 496 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Lassa is endemic to West Africa. Confirmed incidences have been recorded in Sierra Leone, Liberia, Guinea, Nigeria, Ivory Coast, Togo, and Mali. However, concerns exist that there may be Lassa (and Lassa-like) viruses in other countries such as Central African Republic, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Benin, and Cameroon – some of which have had sporadic cases.
Furthermore, Mastomys rodents are distributed across the African continent, indicating a strong possibility for the spread of the diseases, including Lassa, that they carry.
Infections with Lassa virus
Humans contract the virus primarily through contact with the contaminated excreta of Mastomys natalensis rodents (commonly known as the Multimammate rat), which is the natural reservoir for the virus. Little is known regarding the transmission of the virus from the rodent reservoir to the human host, although there is compelling evidence that Arenaviruses are stable and infectious by the aerosol route in nonhuman primates. The rodents live in houses with humans and deposit excreta on floors, tables, beds and food. Consequently the virus is transmitted to humans through cuts and scratches, or inhaled via dust particles in the air. In some regions Mastomys rodents are also consumed as food.
Secondary human-to-human transmissions can also occur, although such scenarios are much rarer than rodent-caused infections. Historically, small-scale outbreaks caused by human-to-human transmissions have taken place, but mostly in hospital settings. When they do occur, these transmissions of the virus between humans happen through direct contact with infected blood or bodily secretions. This occurs mainly between individuals caring for sick patients although anyone who comes into close contact with a person carrying the virus is at risk of infection. Research by VHFC researchers suggest that infections caused by rodents account for more than 95% of Lassa patients.
People of all ages are susceptible to infection. Despite healthcare workers being at high risk of infection, contact in households with persons ill, or recently ill with Lassa, as well as sexual contact with someone convalescent with Lassa are all also important risk factors for human-to-human transmission. The disease is often mild or has no observable symptoms in up to 80% of people infected, but 20% develop a severe multisystem disease. Even after recovery, the virus can remain in body fluids for long periods of time, although this is poorly understood.
Lassa in pregnant women is especially severe and is associated with infection of the fetus and loss of the fetus or newborn in 90% of the cases. The risk of death is also significantly higher for pregnant mothers in the third trimester and evacuation of the uterus significantly improves the mother’s odds of survival.
Diagnosis and Symptoms of Lassa
In the early stages, Lassa is often misdiagnosed as influenza, malaria, or other common diseases, and as a result many patients fail to receive appropriate medical treatment. Making a correct diagnosis of Lassa is made difficult by the wide spectrum of clinical effects that manifest, ranging from asymptomatic to multi-organ system failure and death. The clinical presentation of Lassa usually begins with insidious progression of fever and general malaise that can progress to more severe symptoms within 1-2 weeks. Hepatitis (inflammation of the liver) is frequent and moderately severe in Lassa. Hemorrhaging, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia as well as neurologic signs are not quite as common in Lassa as compared to other hemorrhagic fevers such as Ebola and Marburg. Viral particles can be found in the blood of patients up to three weeks after the onset of infection and Lassa virus can be recovered from the urine for several weeks more.
Given the genetic diversity of the virus, Lassa diagnosis have been difficult for a long time. The developments of rapid diagnostic tools (RDTs), as well as PCR-, CRISPR-, and sequencing-based assays by VHFC investigators have made diagnoses much faster and accurate in recent years. Despite these advances, however, getting diagnostic tools into the communities most at need remains a challenge and is a key focus for the work performed by the VHFC.
Common symptoms associated with cases of Lassa include fever, sore throat, headache, red eyes, weakness, facial edema, retrosternal pain, generalized abdominal pain, epistaxis and haemoptysis. Other features include low blood pressure, raised pulse rate, nasal flaring and bibasal crepitations. In severe cases bleeding from mucous membranes such as the mouth can also be observed.
Severe cases of Lassa are usually associated with multi organ complications with significantly raised levels of liver enzymes such as AST and ALT. The serum from these patients can turn brownish in color and a significant degree of hemolysis can be observed. While it is unknown what causes Lassa patients to succumb from the disease, doctors within the VHFC have consistently noted signs of acute kidney failure preceding fatal outcomes.
The antibody response is generally slow in infected patients and the presence of this can be detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), lateral flow immunoassays (LFI), complement fixation, neutralization, and fluorescent antibody techniques. However, in Lassa survivors a long-lasting and vigorous production of antibodies occurs. Complement-fixing antibodies are short-lived, diminishing 5 to 12 months after disease onset. In contrast, neutralizing antibodies remain detectable for many years and can be found in many individuals across West Africa.
Cellular immunity mediated by CD8+ T cells is important for successful recovery for Lassa. Transfer of early-convalescent-phase antibodies does not appear to have a protective effect, whereas late antibodies neutralize the virus and are protective. Whilst the induction of the interferon response has shown some beneficial effect, in general, Arenaviruses are relatively resistant to the antiviral activity of these mediators. All evidence suggests that once Lassa has resolved in human patients, viral clearance is complete and chronic infection is not established. Reinfection with Lassa virus is possible, but data suggest that it may be uncommon.
Treatment of Lassa
No vaccine for Lassa is currently available for use in humans, and the only available drug, ribavirin, is only effective if administered early in infection (within the first 6 days after disease onset). One of the hallmarks of Lassa virus infection is the apparent absence of functional antibodies during acute infection. A fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of antibody-mediated neutralization of Lassa virus may have significant implications for the generation of antibody-based therapeutics or epitope-targeted vaccines.
Lassa virus is a member of the Arenaviridae family. Members of the virus families Arenaviridae (Lassa, Lujo, Junin, Guanarito and Machupo), Filoviridae (Ebola and Marburg), and Bunyaviridae (Rift Valley Fever and Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever) are the agents of greatest concern to public health and bioterrorism.
The Lassa virus particle is round, oval, or pleomorphic, 110 to 130 nm in diameter, and enveloped. Its genome consists of two single-stranded RNA segment – the large L segment and the small S segment. The large segment encodes the viral polymerase and zinc binding protein and the small segment encodes the structural proteins – nucleoprotein and glycoprotein precursor. The expression levels of the L and S segments differ significantly, with much more S segment being produced during infection.
The viral envelope is acquired when new particles bud off through the host cell plasma membrane and it carries club-shaped surface projections that are about 10 nm long. Sandy-appearing granules (“Arena” is the Latin root meaning sand) resembling ribosomes are believed to be found within the unstructured interior of new viruses. However, these RNAs do not seem to have a required role in virus replication and work by VHFC investigators has shed doubt on whether these sandy granules are indeed host ribosomes.
Lassa viral RNA is present in two distinct segments, designated L and S. The RNAs of Lassa and other arenaviruses are “ambisense”, as is the case for members of one genus of the Bunyaviridae. In these viruses, the 3′ half of the genome is of negative polarity and the 5′ half is positive. This results in some viral proteins being encoded in subgenomic, virus-complementary mRNA species, whereas other proteins are encoded in subgenomic, virus-sense mRNA sequences. The ambisense strategy of replication is relatively rare amongst viruses and is shared by all members of the arenavirus family.
Very little is known about the replication and life-cycle of Lassa virus. Most of what we know, come from studies using the prototypical, but mostly non-pathogenic Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). The virus replicates in a wide variety cell types (believed to be primarily dendritic cells) after having entered the cell via its receptor alpha-dystroglycan (DAG1). Interestingly, a gene LARGE that modifies DAG1 and is required for Lassa viral entry was discovered by VHFC researchers to be under positive selection in the West African population. This means that over evolutionary time, certain populations may have responded to the severity of Lassa by developing a degree of genetic resistance to Lassa virus infection.
After cellular entry, replication and transcription of the viral genome occurs in the cytoplasm. The S segment of the viral genome encodes in the negative sense a nucleoprotein (NP), and in the positive sense a precursor glycoprotein (GPC), which is later cleaved into two structural glycoproteins (GP1 and GP2). The L segment encodes in the negative sense an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L), and in the positive sense a zinc-binding protein (Z) that binds to the viral replication complex. Upon completion of replication the virus buds from the plasma membrane, incorporating host lipids into the viral membrane. | <urn:uuid:992e2594-2a1d-473b-b416-11289bfdc869> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vhfc.org/diseases/lassa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.945984 | 2,167 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Essential Questions For Pondering By Every Skilled NLPer
Ever stop and wonder how you learnt everything you now know– the kind of stuff that without any thought you can do and take for granted? Chances are if you are like most people, the answer is a resounding no.
Yet as NLPers becoming more aware of how people learn, when they are unaware that they are learning, is one of the most profound areas for developing greater skill in helping anyone create a change or wire up a new skill.
In this post I am going to share some questions and thoughts that if you use and apply to yourself, will help you become a much better NLPer. Note this content aims to go beyond the typical mantra in many NLP books, and some folks new to NLP may want to read it more than once to fully get what this is pointing towards.
But first, let's start off with some questions:
What is the connection between:
What springs to mind for you?
Well, all could be described as examples of:
So the natural question to ask is “What is the process (assuming of course there is one) that each of them went through in order to wire up some behaviours?, and is there a common pattern that drives each experience?
I think there is.
And it is the same pattern that is behind all the “unconscious” stuff you or I have learnt and continue to learn, so long as we live. It is right in front of us, in plain sight but for the most part, remains completely hidden.
To begin to find an answer let's look at the base things that we use to create our ongoing experience.
Chances are you weren't born pre-wired for that specific behaviour. Or perhaps science will find one day that we are. Who knows?
The basic experience pretty much all of us share as human beings is having five senses (visual, auditory, kinesthetic, gustatory and olfactory) contained within our body, in which we can either make pictures, sounds, feelings etc inside our mind-body or sense various things as “external” to us.
We can consciously and other than consciously, play with the sub-modality components of each experience which changes and impacts the ongoing experience and influences the “unconscious” learning process. And we can loop around, have meta-awareness about certain things and cross combine those components in many very beautiful and colourful ways.
All of what I have just said is presumption, and not a complete or necessarily accurate picture of what goes on in the brain-body, but will suffice for our discussion. Remember in NLP we are interested in useful models of human behaviour, not necessarily discovering “reality” or what is empirically valid.
So the question is “how does someone link X event, object or circumstance in the world to a specific behavioural response?”
How does a one human being strap a bomb to their chest and proceed to go out and blow up tens or hundreds of others and through whatever process assumedly feels “OK” with doing that, and also are sufficiently directed to end their own life in the process?
To find the answer, I think we first need to turn the torch in on ourselves and identify how did each of us pick up a lot of the habitual patterns of thought and behaviour that govern our lives. Take for example whatever is a “thing” that you habitually do and identify what is the driver behind that behaviour. When, where and how did that “thing/action/repeating thought process” get wired up and become a habitual behavior for you? So that anyone who knows you well can be guaranteed that you will do it.
If you are always kind , how did that get setup?
If you are always snappy in the morning, how did that get setup?
If you find you are the helper or “keeper of the peace” etc, how did that get setup?
Chances are you weren't born pre-wired for that specific behaviour. Or perhaps science will find one day that we are. Who knows.
But for now assuming that we are not, can you identify what processes were at play that brought that behaviour into life?
And then the question becomes, what keeps that habitual thought, behaviour going now?
These kind of questions, I believe are at the heart of NLP. Because they aim to identify the underlying process upon which all change in thought and behaviour, and specifically behaviour that operates within a specific context and one that sticks (meaning stands the test of time) occur. When you become much more aware of the process by which we all learn you are no longer restricted to using rote NLP patterns and techniques and can come up with interventions on the fly that work without having any obvious “NLPness”. But that is for another day.
If you can trace the process by which X behaviour got linked up, you may find that like many people, the habitual behaviours and dreams we are pursuing are fulfilling and the remnants of some other than conscious process which we are unaware of and are unable to articulate how and why they are doing what they are doing. When you enquire with someone why they are doing X repeated behaviour etc they will tell you “it's just because.”
This is somewhat like, for those of you who have worked in a large organization, the response you get when you ask “why do you do it that way?” and you get back “because that is the way we have always done it!”
There is no consciousness brought to that process any more. No questioning. The “learning” process is for the most part closed. The cup is full. The person, persons or organisation has forgotten how they have learnt to output that thought or behavioural response and all they are now doing is acting because they have a typically internal strong kinaesthetic response - “a feeling that tells me so.”
Very little thought is given to the validity of their cause-effect and complex equivalence structures that they have bound together to form a well-established response.
Because to them, and indeed to each of us, it just feels real.
In another post I will go into detail on a number of the processes that I believe are at work whenever we learn something well and also forget how we have learnt it. But for now, if you want to become an even more skilled NLPer, pay exquisite attention to narratives and experiences that are going on everywhere around you right now on TV, the web and in your everyday social encounters noticing to identify how people:
Have a great week.
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Anthony J. Mahavorick, aka Tony Robbins is probably the most well-known NLP student of all time.
Most people's NLP smells like very overt NLP… which can be a problem when working in business contexts.
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Detection of fusion genes at the protein level in leukemia patients via the flow cytometric immunobead assay
Best Practice and Research in Clinical Haematology , Volume 23 - Issue 3 p. 333- 345
Nowadays, the presence of specific genetic aberrations is progressively used for classification and treatment stratification, because acute leukemias with the same oncogenetic aberration generally form a clinically and diagnostically homogenous disease entity with comparable prognosis. Many oncogenetic aberrations in acute leukemias result in a fusion gene, which is transcribed into fusion transcripts and translated into fusion proteins, which are assumed to play a critical role in the oncogenetic process. Fusion gene aberrations are detected by karyotyping, FISH, or RT-PCR analysis. However, these molecular genetic techniques are laborious and time consuming, which is in contrast to flow cytometric techniques. Therefore we developed a flow cytometric immunobead assay for detection of fusion proteins in lysates of leukemia cell samples by use of a bead-bound catching antibody against one side of the fusion protein and fluorochrome-conjugated detection antibody. So far, we have been able to design such fusion protein immunobead assays for BCR-ABL, PML-RARA, TEL-AML1, E2A-PBX1, MLL-AF4, AML1-ETO and CBFB-MYH11. The immunobead assay for detection of fusion proteins can be performed within 3 to 4 hours in a routine diagnostic setting, without the need of special equipment other than a flow cytometer. The novel immunobead assay will enable fast and easy classification of acute leukemia patients that express fusion proteins. Such patients can be included at an early stage in the right treatment protocols, much faster than by use of current molecular techniques. The immunobead assay can be run in parallel to routine immunophenotyping and is particularly attractive for clinical settings without direct access to molecular diagnostics.
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|Best Practice and Research in Clinical Haematology|
|Organisation||Erasmus MC: University Medical Center Rotterdam|
Dekking, E.H.A, van der Velden, V.H.J, Böttcher, S, Brüggemann, M, Sonneveld, E, Koning-Goedheer, A, … van Dongen, J.J.M. (2010). Detection of fusion genes at the protein level in leukemia patients via the flow cytometric immunobead assay. Best Practice and Research in Clinical Haematology (Vol. 23, pp. 333–345). doi:10.1016/j.beha.2010.09.010 | <urn:uuid:b2cb4705-ed1b-451d-b62a-cc001f9231b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://repub.eur.nl/pub/22073 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.803312 | 672 | 1.914063 | 2 |
A medical spa is a spot to calm down, decompress and detach from the stresses and pressures of day by day life. Visitors often enjoy massages, hydrotherapy, skin remedies and different aesthetic solutions. It may be a place of respite, however it additionally serves as a conduit to healing and medical treatment, as clinical professionals can determine the cause of pain and physical difficulty of their patients, and help find solutions.
History of the Medical Spa
In the late 1980s, the idea of a medical spa got here into the forefront with the advent of alpha hydroxyl acids and the original Collagen injectable. The idea of performing minor medical procedures in an setting most individuals used as a spot of rest and rejuvenation was compelling. It was additionally noted that, while patients often delay necessary therapies due to the stress of being in a traditional clinic or physician’s office, their fears have been often allayed in a more comfortable area like a spa.
Spas also hearken back to the traditional Greek and Roman instances, when bathing in natural waters was considered both therapeutic and sacred therapy to purify the mind, body and spirit. Actually, the word spa may be traced to the Latin term, sanitas per aqua, which means health via water. It additionally has ties to the Walloon word “espa,” which means fountain.
The Fashionable Day Medical Spa
Among the treatments which might be carried out in a modern day medical spa embody anti-wrinkle injections, Botox, chemical peels and laser treatments. Some spa health professionals also conduct breast implant operations, carry out chin, face, forehead and eyelid lifts, and even tummy tucks.
Only skilled and licensed professionals are qualified to are likely to patients. It’s crucial to do some research earlier than visiting any spa. You wish to be sure that the facilities are well-maintained, clean and as much as code. Most significantly, a medical spa ought to be licensed. Not all areas require spas to have a license, however it’s finest to visit those that do.
Among the finest ways to research a medical spa is to look them up on-line and read their reviews. Also, for those who know anyone who has been a patient, it would be helpful to ask them about their experience. As a prospective affected person, you need to be at liberty to ask as many questions as you want about procedures you may be unsure of. Any health care practitioner ought to be forthcoming and helpful, and it is best to definitely take into consideration how attentive the medical workers is to your needs and concerns.
Medical Spa Benefits
Many people visit a medical spa for aesthetic procedures like Botox injections, facial rejuvenation and laser treatments – all of which are options for more invasive techniques like face-lifts or other types of plastic surgery. The recovery time can be quite a bit shorter.
One other benefit of frequenting a spa is that patients often report that they have a more natural look, compared to others who have undergone traditional surgery.
And possibly the best benefit of all is the truth that no matter service you choose to get, you’re most likely going to depart feeling better about your look and your health.
Ultimately, you need to keep in mind that the medical spa expertise is all about one person: you! As such, you should feel comfortable, safe and inspired by your choice. Should you feel intimidated or that you aren’t treated like a “VIP” then that is probably a sign that it is best to look elsewhere.
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Nearly 100 million Chinese tourists visited foreign countries last year, and they are likely to extend their lead as the world's biggest-spending travellers, state media reported Thursday.
A total of 97 million Chinese tourists left the country in 2013, up 14 million from the previous year, the state-run China Daily reported, citing official data from China's National Tourism Administration.
The figures underline the rapid rise in the numbers of Chinese travelling abroad, who numbered just 29 million in 2004.
Chinese travellers spent $114 billion overseas in 2012, making them the world's biggest spenders ahead of Germans and US tourists, and are almost certain to have surpassed that record last year, the report said, citing researcher Song Rui.
China's economy has boomed over the past decade, expanding the ranks of its middle-class who are hungry for foreign travel after the country's decades of isolation in the last century.
Chinese tourists spend so much abroad that some foreigners are calling us 'walking wallets'.
European Union and Asian countries have moved to ease visa application procedures for Chinese tourists in recent years, keen to cash in on their big-spending habits.
"Chinese tourists spend so much abroad that some foreigners are calling us 'walking wallets'," Song, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, was quoted as saying.
Hotels and retailers around the world have stepped up efforts to woo Chinese visitors.
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Afghanistan's Economy is on the Brink of Collapse, Predicts the Economist
By: Pragya Singh
The freezing of international aid to Afghanistan by western countries such as the USA and Germany following the Taliban takeover compounded with the pandemic’s market slowdown and the alleged theft of the national treasury by former president Ashraf Ghani and his allies are now pushing the afghan economy towards a ‘triple shock’ crisis, The Economist predicted.
Even before the Taliban had begun its war, Afghanistan was already witnessing one of the worst droughts in its history. Agriculture and crop exports to neighbouring countries have been one of the nation’s stable sources, but the double whammy of the drought and the pandemic has slowed down the sector almost to a halt.
Adding to that, the Taliban’s scorched earth policy, which, according to CNN and NYT reports, sees the organisation burn down farms of villages opposing them, and the agriculture sector has completely stopped. The civil war had also displaced many thousands of rural farmers, starting an internal migration of those ruined by violence towards the capital city of Kabul.
As per an Al-Jazeera report, all the western banks in Afghanistan were shuttered as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Deutsch Bank, and the US Central Bank suspended the country’s access to any international funds. “Any Central Bank assets the Afghan government have in the United States will not be made available to the Taliban,” the Biden administration confirmed to the BBC.
According to The Economist’s intelligence department, three-fourths of the Afghan economy was dependent on foreign aid. A slightly less harsh estimation by the World Bank put the dependency at 40%. By the World Bank definition, any nation whose GDP comprises 10% or more of foreign aid is considered an ‘aid dependant nation’.
“The government had employed hundreds of thousands,” said the unit’s chief journalist Sebb Stratford-Bloor who had been ground reporting from Kabul till last week, “but now that those once powerful have vanished with millions of dollars, former government employees are on the streets trying to sell their belongings. Local businesses are expected to suffer the worst considering they are mainly cash-based and citizens are finding it increasingly difficult to access cash and savings.”
On Monday, the Taliban head of the Afghanistan Chamber of Commerce and Investment’s (ACCI), Yusuf Mohammad, called for the US and its allies to release frozen assets, which according to the Taliban, “belongs to the people of Afghanistan”, warning that should the country be pushed into an economic crisis, the diplomatic blame would be put on America.
The governments of Qatar and Pakistan supported the Taliban’s request with the Qatar foreign ministry saying, “Humanitarian situation and humanitarian assistance should be independent of any political progress because we believe that the Afghan people deserve to be helped, deserve to be supported despite what’s happening in the political landscape.”
India too had a major role to play in supplying foreign aid and infrastructure development in Afghanistan, Without Indian investment and technology, the powerlines along the eastern region of the country have been frayed, and entire grids went offline for days till the Chinese fired them back up.
This brings us to Afghanistan’s immediate future. Taking heed of the western media’s grim predictions, the Taliban administration has joined hands with the west’s current favourite boogiemen: China and Pakistan.
The Xi Jinping government has already managed to convince the Taliban to join its Belt and Road Initiative, much to India’s consternation. Beijing has also taken over many of Delhi’s projects and even a couple of American airbases as it establishes itself in the region. Meanwhile, the UN, backed by the US, India and others, is opening an investigation into Pakistan’s role in arming and training the insurgents.
Afghanistan is also a hub of illegal opium production and home to large deposits of minerals, including lithium, uranium, mercury and bauxite. If the western world and its allies refuse to recognise the Taliban, chances are it could just begin operating an alternate economy on the global grey market just as its rival Iran had for a decade and a half.
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Salt is a life-saving, multifunctional preparedness item that all households should have stored for long term emergencies. This essential prep contains natural medicinal sources and also serves other tasks as well, including being used as a natural electrolyte, meat curing, assists in tanning hides, and can even be added to boost soap recipes.
Our Survival Depends on Sodium
Our bodies are dependent on small amounts of sodium to perform biological tasks. Specifically, sodium helps muscles and nerves work properly by assisting muscular contraction and transmission of nerve signals. It also helps regulate blood pressure and volume. MayoClinic.com reports having the proper amount of sodium in the body maintains an appropriate overall balance of bodily fluids. Sodium also helps sustain a regular blood pH level, an important indicator of health.
As previously mentioned, salt in small amounts is good for the body. The amount of sodium you should consume daily varies, however, based on a number of health factors.
Table salt is the most common dietary source and contains 40 percent sodium.
On average, one teaspoon of table salt contains 2,300 milligrams of sodium, which is the recommended maximum intake of sodium per healthy adult per day, according to government nutrition experts.
However, there are ways to get your sodium from means other than table salt. From a preparedness standpoint, salt can be found naturally in many different substances.
5 Naturally Occurring Salt Sources
1. Sea Water – Louis and Clark spent many days boiling down salt water to get salt. Salt water on average carries about 35 grams of salt. 2 tablespoons of seawater is your recommended daily salt intake. You want to mix this with at least 1/3rd with fresh water before intake (or your body cannot absorb it properly due to the sodium concentration). Or, you can do what Louis Clark did and make your own sea salt.
2. Blood. Ok, I’m not telling you to go vampire, but there are traces of salt in fresh blood. Those of you who are butchering your own meat can make blood sausage, a European specialty.
3. Fresh foods. That’s right, folks, some fresh foods that are nutrient dense also possess naturally occurring amounts of sodium. Although the vast majority of fruits and vegetables, in their natural state, do not contain high levels of sodium; there are a few exceptions. Some variety of beans are good sources of sodium. For example, 100 g of mung beans contain about 820 mg of sodium, whereas 60 g of garbanzo beans contains 850 mg of sodium.
Green leafy vegetables and roots naturally contain trace amounts of salt, as well. Some of the top contenders include Swiss chard, which contains about 158 mg per 1/2 cup; beet, collard, dandelion, mustard and turnip greens contain about 174 mg of sodium per 1/2 cup; artichoke hearts contain about 80 mg per 1/2 cup, while spinach contains about 80 mg per 1/2 cup. Some other vegetables moderate amounts of sodium are peanuts, lemons, celery.
Further, vegetables and roots that grow in salty ocean water, such as seaweed and sea kelp have natural salts, as well as, omega 3 and essential amino acids and other nutritional benefits.
4. Edible roots. Some roots, such as the root from the hickory three contain higher amounts of sodium. Parsley root is an exceptional root with moderate amounts of sodium. Further, red and gold beets contain around 65 mg of sodium per beet, and make a viable salt substitute. Similar to celery, potatoes have trace amounts of sodium as do carrots which possess 50 mg of sodium.
5. Mineral deposits – Many preppers have discussed purchasing salt licks typically used for livestock to use for long term emergencies. Although they are cheap and contain 50 lbs. of compressed salt, there is some concern with this however, due to the binders in the salt lick. Further, salt licks contains additives such as selenium, magnesium, iodine and other mineral amounts that may not be safe for humans. In this case, it may be better to purchase salt licks to lure deer and other wild animals for hunting purposes. Although this is typically forbidden in many states, in long term disasters, I imagine that those laws will be null and void.
Naturally occurring salt deposits are often found near springs and streams. However, in many areas there are natural salt caverns.
This could give a greater advantage to accessing salt for long term survival – if you are lucky enough to live near these areas. Salt Lake City, UT has a great advantage to accessing salt thanks to the naturally salt water lake present.
Salt in an important preparedness item to store for long term disasters. Along with its importance from a biological standpoint, it will also serve multiple functions in a SHTF environment. Knowing where to find naturally occurring sodium, sodium-rich foods or how to harvest it from sea water will give you a greater advantage for survival.
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Future Smart Cities (FSC) – 5th Edition
November 18 @ 8:00 am – November 20 @ 6:00 pm
The heart of a smart city relies on several drivers such as information and communication technologies, smart manufacturing, robotics, big data, and artificial intelligence to improve the urban ecosystem, which includes infrastructure, security, manufacturing, transport, healthcare, and government services. The mission is to enhance the functions of the city, thereby promoting economic growth and improving citizens’ quality of life through the efficient integration of intelligent and smart technology. Thus, the overall resource consumption, waste, and total cost are reduced. Hence, awareness of the benefits of building smart cities should be promoted and executed around the world. This conference is intended to provide a forum to disseminate the latest scientific and technical information in shaping future cities.
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Plug into best-in-class research, news, and events. Be heard in government. Become a member of the Detroit Regional Chamber.Learn How | <urn:uuid:7ee64431-3ea6-4577-9b1e-029c37cb37b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.detroitchamber.com/event/future-smart-cities-fsc-5th-edition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.92355 | 342 | 1.539063 | 2 |
How Blooms Can Aid In Course Design
Thanks to Bloomâs Taxonomy, teachers across the nation have a tool to guide the development of assignments, assessments, and overall curricula.
This model helps teachers identify the key learning objectives they want a student to achieve for each unit because it succinctly details the process of learning.
The taxonomy explains that 1) before you can understand a concept, you need to remember it 2) to apply a concept, you need to first understand it 3) to evaluate a process, you need to first analyze it 4) to create something new, you need to have completed a thorough evaluation .
This hierarchy takes students through a process of synthesizing information that allows them to think critically. Students start with a piece of information and are motivated to ask questions and seek out answers.
Not only does Bloomâs Taxonomy help teachers understand the process of learning, but it also provides more concrete guidance on how to create effective learning objectives.
The revised version reminds teachers that learning is an active process, stressing the importance of including measurable verbs in the objectives. And the clear structure of the taxonomy itself emphasizes the importance of keeping learning objectives clear and concise as opposed to vague and abstract .
Specifically, lower level introductory courses, that are typically geared towards freshmen, will target Bloomâs lower order skills as students build foundational knowledge.
Blooms Taxonomy Of Learning
By Charlotte Ruhl, published May 24, 2021
- Bloomâs Taxonomy is a hierarchical model that categorizes learning objectives into varying levels of complexity, from basic knowledge and comprehension to advanced evaluation and creation.
- Bloomâs Taxonomy was originally published in 1956, and the Taxonomy was modified each year for 16 years after it was first published.
- Bloom’s Taxonomy comprises three learning domains: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. Within each domain, learning can take place at a number of levels ranging from simple to complex.
- After the initial cognitive domain was created, which is primarily used in the classroom setting, psychologists have devised additional taxonomies to explain affective and psychomotor learning.
- In 2001, Bloomâs initial taxonomy was revised to reflect how learning is an active process and not a passive one.
- Although Bloomâs Taxonomy is met with several valid criticisms, it is still widely used in the educational setting today.
Take a moment and think back to your 7th-grade humanities classroom. Or really any classroom from preschool to college.
As you enter the room, you glance up at the whiteboard to see the class objectives. âStudents will be able toâ¦â is written in a red expo marker.
Or maybe something like âby the end of the class, you will be able toâ¦â
These learning objectives we are exposed to every day are a product of Bloomâs Taxonomy.
Learning Theories In Psychology
Theories of learning have done much to influence the way people teach, create course curriculum and explain things to their children. Theories have sprung up that reflect the changing values in our social environments and the popular influences of the day. In the 1960s, cognitivism moved to the forefront of learning theory, exactly when popular culture was embracing do your own thing. Behavioralism, a more basic reward-and-learn postulation, became a little less popular about then.
Learning theories are very persistent. Many explanations have been devised to define the same phenomenon, possibly because learning is complex and one theory does not fit everyone or every situation. Here are five prominent theories that attempt to explain how we go to bed at night a little smarter than when we woke up that morning.
Behaviorism dates back to the late 19th century and, as such, was born in an era when natural sciences were at the forefront of scientific discovery. It explains learning as a conditioned or operant response to the environment, which supplies either positive or negative consequences to any behavior. It also postulates that learning is only complete when it can be seen as a change in behavior.
Understanding is defined as a cognitive schema, which is analogous to awareness or meaning. Learning is defined as a change in an established schema.
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Development Of The Taxonomy
Benjamin Bloom was an educational psychologist and the chair of the committee of educators at the University of Chicago.
In the mid 1950s, Bloom worked in collaboration with Max Englehart, Edward Furst, Walter Hill, and David Krathwohl to devise a system that classified levels of cognitive functioning and provided a sense of structure for the various mental processes we experience .
Through conducting a series of studies that focused on student achievement, the team was able to isolate certain factors both inside and outside the school environment that affect how children learn.
One such factor was the lack of variation in teaching. In other words, teachers were not meeting each individual studentâs needs and instead relied upon one universal curriculum.
To address this, Bloom and his colleagues postulated that if teachers were to provide individualized educational plans, students would learn significantly better.
This hypothesis inspired the development of Bloomâs Mastery Learning procedure in which teachers would organize specific skills and concepts into week-long units.
The completion of each unit would be followed by an assessment through which the student would reflect upon what they learned. The assessment would identify areas in which the student needs additional support, and they would then be given corrective activities to further sharpen their mastery of the concept .
Bayesian Theories Of Concept Learning
Bayesian theories are those which directly apply normative probability theory to achieve optimal learning. They generally base their categorization of data on the posterior probability for each category, where for category , this posterior is given by Bayes rule,
where is the probability of observing the given data on the assumption it was generated from category , is the prior probability of category , and is the marginal probability of observing the data, which usually does not enter into consideration. In general, the category possessing the maximum posterior would be category selected for the given data.
Bayes’ theorem is important because it provides a powerful tool for understanding, manipulating and controlling data5 that takes a larger view that is not limited to data analysis alone6. The approach is subjective and this requires the assessment of prior probabilities6, making it also very complex. However, if Bayesian’s show that the accumulated evidence and the application of Bayes’s law are sufficient the work will overcome the subjectivity of the inputs involved7. Bayesian inference can be used for any honestly collected data and has a major advantage because of its scientific focus6.
You can find more information on this topic on the Wikipedia page for ACT-R
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Meaning Of Learning And Learning Definition In Education
Various psychologists and educationists have defined the concept and meaning of learning in their own way. Some define as a process, some as a change in performance and some define learning as acquisition and retention of knowledge.According to Gestalts view,The basis of learning is to gain knowledge after observing the whole structure. Responding towards the entire situation is learning.Kurt Lewin has presented the field view of learning and explainedThe learning as the direct cognitive organization of a situation. Motivation has a significant role & place in learning.According to Woodworth,The process of acquiring new knowledge and new responses is the process of learning.G.D. Boaz observes learning as a process. According to himLearning is the process by which the individuals acquires various habits, knowledge, and attitudes that are necessary to meet the demands of life, in generalAccording to Cronbach,Leaning is shown by a change in behavior as a result of experience.Pavlov has said,
Job Description And Roles Of An Educational Psychologist
Educational psychologists have typically earned either a masters degree or doctorate in the field.
They work in a variety of teaching, research, and applied settings .
Those with a doctorate often teach and do research at colleges or universities.
They teach basic courses such as Introduction to Educational Psychology and more advanced seminars such as Professional Ethics in Educational Psychology, or Research Methods in Educational Psychology.
They conduct research on topics such as the best measure of literacy skills for students in secondary education, the most effective method for teaching early career professionals in engineering, and the relationship between education level and emotional health in retirees.
Educational psychologists also work in various applied roles, such as consulting on curriculum design evaluating educational programs at schools or training sites and offering teachers the best instructional methods for a subject area, grade level, or population, be it mainstream students, those with disabilities, or gifted students.
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Modern Psychological Theories Of Concept Learning
It is difficult to make any general statements about human concept learning without already assuming a particular psychological theory of concept learning. Although the classical views of concepts and concept learning in philosophy speak of a process of abstraction, data compression, simplification, and summarization, currently popular psychological theories of concept learning diverge on all these basic points.
Iithe Role Of Concept Use In Concept
Research on concept learning is deeply influenced by the goals and functions concepts are assumed to serve. This influence guides the kinds of learning tasks studied, and the mechanisms proposed in learning models. Research has not, however, been guided by a diverse mix of inward-and outward-facing uses. Rather, concept-learning research has assumed, implicitly or explicitly, a single, primary use: prediction of properties in the world. When researchers have asked how the function of concepts might influence the learning process, it is this external function that has been the focus of analysis . The idea that the purpose of concepts is to predict properties in the world plays out differently for models that focus on supervised versus unsupervised learning.
Most research on concept learning has focused on the outward-facing, predictive functions of concepts. However, the inward-facing functions of concepts take center stage in research on one key phenomenon: Match to prior beliefs and theories influences ease of concept learning and what is learned . Research here has provided information about how existing beliefs influence new classification learning . Prior theoretical beliefs are included as influences determining how easily a new classification problem will be learned.
Robert L. Goldstone, … Mark Blair, in, 2017
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Iiathe Legacy Of Learning Theory
The psychology of learning during the 1930s and 1940s incorporated several competing theoretical systems . There was not much disagreement about experimental data. The major facts of acquisition, extinction, generalization, discrimination, and the like were, for the most part, consensually endorsed. Nonetheless there was spirited argument at the seemingly basic levels of what was being learned, what was being unlearned, and so forth. Hull spoke of habits. Tolman spoke of expectancies. Guthrie spoke of S-R bonds.
Joseph Wolpe chose to articulate his explanation of desensitization effects using the language of Hull . When he did so he invited rejoinders in the languages of Guthrie and Tolman. Once Joseph Wolpe’s ideas gained some notoriety, these rejoinders did not take long to appear. Guthrie’s language was used in the assertion that systematic desensitization embodies counterconditioning. Tolman’s language was used in the argument that desensitization works, in part, by engendering optimistic expectancies.
Henry L. RoedigerIII, … Suparna Rajaram, in, 1993
Learning: Definition Characteristics And Types Of Learning In Psychology
The process of learning is continuous which starts right from the time of birth of an individual and continues till the death. We all are engaged in the learning endeavours in order to develop our adaptive capabilities as per the requirements of the changing environment. For a learning to occur, two things are important: 1. The presence of a stimulus in the environment and 2. The innate dispositions like emotional and instinctual dispositions. A person keeps on learning across all the stages of life, by constructing or reconstructing experiences under the influence of emotional and instinctual dispositions.
Psychologists in general define Learning as relatively permanent behavioural modifications which take place as a result of experience. This definition of learning stresses on three important elements of learning:
- Learning involves a behavioural change which can be better or worse.
- This behavioural change should take place as a result of practice and experience. Changes resulting from maturity or growth cannot be considered as learning
- This behavioural change must be relatively permanent and last for a relatively long time enough.
The key characteristics of the learning process are:
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Theory Of Discovery Learning
The theoryof learning by discovery was developed by the American psychologist JeromeBruner. Like constructivist theory, discovery learning encourages theparticipation of individuals in their learning process. It considers effectivelearning is obtained when students face a problem not only to solve it but totransfer it.
Learning Things We Dont Already Know
As noted above, Bayesian models of concept learning generally follow a learning-by-hypothesis-testing framework . In these models, the system starts with a large set of representations and rules for combining them, and then learns combinations of these elements that best fit a given set of data. In other words, the model might learn a particular configuration of symbols to solve a problem, but this representation can be generated in the model before any actual learning occurs. In fact, a configuration must be generated in order to enter as a candidate hypothesis in the learning algorithm.
It is certainly possible that models like those proposed by Lake et al. and Kemp and colleagues might be augmented with routines to generate the representations that they assume at the onset of learning. Perhaps solutions like DORA and BART might provide the means by which such useful representations can be generated on the first place. At the very least, Lake et al. and Kemp and Tenenbaum’s models might serve as very useful tools for addressing questions about what humans do with the representations that we have learned after they have acquired them.
Peter Gärdenfors, in, 2005
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What Are The 21st Century Education Concepts
The term 21st-century skills is generally used to refer to certain core competencies such as collaboration, digital literacy, critical thinking, and problem-solving that advocates believe schools need to teach to help students thrive in todays world.
What is concept in educational research?
Educational Research Methods. Concepts. The notion of concept is a central idea in theories about learning and conceptual development. There are different models of what concepts are.
What is concept and scope of education?
1) Scope means range of outlook, view, application, operation and effectiveness. Scope encompasses breadth, comprehension, and variety of learning experiences that can be provided in the education process. 2) Education begins in the womb and ends in the tomb. Its theme is life.
What is the modern concept of educational psychology?
educational psychology, theoretical and research branch of modern psychology, concerned with the learning processes and psychological problems associated with the teaching and training of students.
The Psychology Of How People Learn
Learning is often defined as a relatively lasting change in behavior that is the result of experience. When you think of learning, it might be easy to fall into the trap of only considering formal education that takes place during childhood and early adulthood: but learning is realistically an ongoing process taking place throughout all of life.
How do we go from not knowing something to acquiring information, knowledge, and skills?
Learning became a major focus of study in psychology during the early part of the twentieth century as behaviorism rose to become a major school of thought. Today learning remains an important concept in numerous areas of psychology, including cognitive, educational, social, and developmental psychology.
One important thing to remember is that learning can involve both beneficial and negative behaviors. Learning is a natural and ongoing part of life that takes place continually, both for better and for worse.
Sometimes people learn things that help them become more knowledgeable and lead better lives. In other instances, people can learn things that are detrimental to their overall health and well-being.
The process of learning new things is not always the same. Learning can happen in a wide variety of ways. To explain how and when learning occurs, a number of different psychological theories have been proposed.
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What Are Additional Learning Theories
While these five learning theories are the main educational learning theories for teachers who want to support their students learning, there are additional theories they may want to understand. Some may work as good supplemental theories for teachers to bolster their educational support with a new approach.
Transformative Learning Theory
Transformative learning theory is a great approach for adult education and young adult learning. Also referred to as transformation learning, transformative learning theory focuses on the idea that learners can adjust their thinking based on new information.
This learning theory was founded by Jack Mezirow, who discovered it after doing studies on adult women who went back to school. His initial research found that adults dont apply their old understanding to new situations and that having a new perspective helped them gain a new understanding of things as they change. Mezirow also believed that students had important teaching and learning opportunities connected to their past experiences and that critical reflection and review could lead to a transformation of their understanding.
Social Learning Theory
There are four elements to social learning theory:
Experiential Learning Theory
Experiential learning theory focuses on learning by doing. Using this theory, students are encouraged to learn through experiences that can help them retain information and recall facts. | <urn:uuid:e5937e69-6a7b-45fa-b179-50c32a39dd9d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tutordale.com/what-is-the-concept-of-learning-in-psychology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.951909 | 3,693 | 4.0625 | 4 |
Hello Bao Mandarin Sensory Cards Bundle
华文好好玩 Mandarin Sensory Cards Level 1 + Level 2 (Bundle Set)
Bundle up and save with our 华文好好玩 Mandarin Sensory Cards bundle featuring both Level 1 and Level 2. This bundle contains 27 stroke cards, 57 character cards, 57 full-coloured watercolor illustration cards, and 5 sight words.
Inspired by the Montessori Method, this set of sensory cards helps little ones learn Mandarin in an engaging way through touch!
Ways to learn
- Trace each stroke and character cut-out to engage in tactile learning
- Identify and learn Mandarin words step-by-step, starting with strokes before progressing onto characters
- Name each character and corresponding picture card to deepen understanding
- Cards are themed according to colour, making it easy for parents and children to match and self-correct
- Not sure how to pronounce the words? Head to @hellobao_montessori on Instagram for videos!
In addition to the cards, each kit comes with a detailed instruction manual for parents, introducing you to Montessori and how to use Montessori to help your child learn better. The manual also features 10 games for both parents and children to enjoy together.
Note: The Mandarin Sensory Cards are produced in small batches, HelloBAO works with printers supportive of limited runs like theirs to bring these cards to you. Working with small batch printers means that you may notice slight colour differences on the actual product and is part of the charm that is small batch production. | <urn:uuid:e10b6978-fb9f-40a7-b520-de50ddbb2b28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bubsandfriends.com/collections/learn/products/preorder-hello-bao-mandarin-sensory-cards-bundle | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.914491 | 363 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Learning About OWASP
Visit the OWASP website.
Using WORD, write an ORIGINAL brief essay of 300 words or more describing the history and background of OWASP.
See the Vulnerabilities tab. Choose one of the vulnerabilities on the linked page and describe briefly.
Safe Assign is software that verifies the originality of your work against on-line sources and other students.
Note your Safe Assign score. Continue submitting until your Safe Assign score is less than 25. For your first written assignment, you have unlimited times to retry your assignment.
Attach your WORD doc and then hit SUBMT. | <urn:uuid:ef08d071-e44d-4fa0-a4b3-13e37b3a44a9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://qualitypapers.org/2022/02/22/owasp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.856823 | 133 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Pets also need your help staying cool.
When you think it’s too hot outside, your pets are probably thinking the same thing.
That’s why on days like today, it’s probably best to keep your pets indoors.
If you do need to take them outside, make sure they stay hydrated and aren’t in the sun for too long.
“Never leave your dog or cat in a car,” said Bridget Domenighini, director of PCAPS. “It gets extremely hot, very quickly. So, again, treat your pets how you would want to be treated if it’s extremely hot out.”
If you are on a walk with your pet, also avoid going on the pavement.
It can cause some irritation on the paws, leading to infection. | <urn:uuid:4b3aaa1c-745f-487a-8bd8-983178ff0828> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.centralillinoisproud.com/news/local-news/protect-your-pets-from-the-heat/?ipid=promo-link-block1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.951425 | 176 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Sunday Morning: February 13, 2005
Text: Romans 2:1-6 "Therefore thou art inexcusable, O man, whosoever thou art that judgest: for wherein thou judgest another, thou condemnest thyself; for thou that judgest doest the same things. 2. But we are sure that the judgment of God is according to truth against them which commit such things. 3. And thinkest thou this, O man, that judgest them which do such things, and doest the same, that thou shalt escape the judgment of God? 4. Or despisest thou the riches of his goodness and forbearance and longsuffering; not knowing that the goodness of God leadeth thee to repentance? 5. But after thy hardness and impenitent heart treasurest up unto thyself wrath against the day of wrath and revelation of the righteous judgment of God; 6. Who will render [render, reward, recompense] to every man according to his (the individual’s) deeds [labor, work, toil]:"
2 Corinthians 5:14 "For the love of Christ constraineth us; because we thus judge, that if one died for all, then were all dead:"
SERVE THE LORD FOR REWARD
Colossians 3:23-25 "And whatsoever ye do [present active subjunctive], do [present middle imperative, for yourself] it heartily, as to the Lord, and not unto men; 24. Knowing [perfect active participle] that of the Lord ye shall receive [future middle] the reward of the inheritance: for ye serve the Lord Christ. 25. But he that doeth wrong [present active participle, doing unjustly] shall receive (a reward) for the wrong which he hath done: and there is no respect of persons."
Matthew 16:24-27 "Then said Jesus unto his disciples, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me. 25. For whosoever will save his life [soul] shall lose [perish] it (when the Son comes in his glory): and whosoever will lose [perish, (die to self)] his life (in this present age) for my sake shall find (have) it. 26. For what is a man profited, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose [be cast away, Luke 9:25, receive damage, suffer lose] his own soul? or what shall a man give in exchange for his soul? 27. For the Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father with his angels (start of the kingdom); and then he shall reward [render, pay] every man (disciple) according to his works." (a life of self denial, following the Lord or a life of indulgence, going his own way)
1 Corinthians 9:16-18 “For though I preach the gospel, I have nothing to glory of: for necessity is laid upon me; yea, woe is unto me, if I preach not the gospel! 17 For if I do this thing willingly, I have a reward: but if against my will, . . . 18 What is my reward then?”
2 Timothy 4:7-8 I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith: 8 Henceforth there is laid up for me a crown of righteousness, which the Lord, the righteous judge, shall give [render, reward, recompense] me at that day: and not to me only, but unto all them (that fight, finish, keep the faith) also that love his appearing.
Luke 18:18-24 "And a certain ruler asked him, saying, Good Master, what shall I do to inherit (enter the kingdom, v. 24) eternal life? 19. And Jesus said unto him, Why callest thou me good? none is good, save one, that is, God.
20. Thou knowest the commandments, Do not commit adultery, Do not kill, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Honour thy father and thy mother. 21. And he said, All these have I kept from my youth up.
22. Now when Jesus heard these things, he said unto him, Yet lackest thou one thing: sell all that thou hast, and distribute unto the poor, and thou shalt have treasure in heaven (heavenly inheritance): and come, follow [present active imperative] (serve) me. 23. And when he heard this, he was very sorrowful: for he was very rich. 24. And when Jesus saw that he was very sorrowful, he said, How hardly shall they that have riches enter [inherit agelasting life] into the kingdom of God!"
2 Corinthians 5:9-11 "Wherefore we labour [present middle, to be eager or earnest], that, whether present or absent, we may be accepted [well pleasing] of him.
10. For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ; that every one may receive the things done in his body, according to that he hath done, whether it be good (well pleasing deeds) or bad [evil, wicked (not pleasing)].
11. Knowing therefore the terror [fear] of the Lord (in judgment), we persuade men (to be eager to please the Lord); but [moreover, also] we are made manifest unto God (God knows what we are doing);"
1 Corinthians 3:12-15 “Now if any man build upon this foundation (of the apostles) gold, silver, precious stones, wood, hay, stubble; 13 Every man's work shall be made manifest: for the day shall declare it, because it shall be revealed by fire; and the fire shall try every man's work of what sort it is. 14 If any man's work abide which he hath built thereupon, he shall receive a reward. 15 If any man's work shall be burned, he shall suffer loss [be cast away, Luke 9:25, receive damage, lose]: but he himself shall be saved; yet so as by fire.”
Revelation 2:11 "He that hath an ear, let him hear what the Spirit saith unto the churches; He that overcometh shall not be hurt of the second death (fire)."
2 Timothy 4:14 Alexander the coppersmith did me much evil: the Lord reward [render, reward, recompense] him according to his works:
Matthew 6:1 "Take heed that ye do [present infinity] not your alms (ministry to others) before men, to be seen of them: otherwise ye have no reward of your Father which is in heaven."
Matthew 6:4 That thine alms (ministry) may be in secret (privately done): and thy Father which seeth in secret himself shall reward thee
Matthew 10:41-42 He that receiveth a prophet in the name of a prophet shall receive a prophet's reward; and he that receiveth a righteous man in the name of a righteous man shall receive a righteous [just] man's reward. 42 And whosoever shall give to drink unto one of these little ones (those entering into the kingdom) a cup of cold water only in the name of a disciple, verily I say unto you, he shall in no wise lose his reward.
Matthew 25:28-30 "Take therefore the talent from him, and give it unto him which hath ten talents. 29. For unto every one that hath shall be given, and he shall have abundance: but from him that hath not shall be taken away even that which he hath. 30. And cast ye the unprofitable servant into outer darkness: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth."
Luke 19:24 “And he said unto them that stood by, Take from him the pound, and give it to him that hath ten pounds. 25 (And they said unto him, Lord, he hath ten pounds.) 26 For I say unto you, That unto every one which hath shall be given; and from him that hath not, even that he hath shall be taken away from him.”
2 John 1:8 Look to yourselves, that we lose [perish] not those things which we have wrought, but that we receive a full reward.
Revelation 3:11 "Behold, I come quickly: hold that fast which thou hast, that no man take thy crown." | <urn:uuid:8d5ded9e-2595-40a3-a895-4c759816cc0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gracebiblechurch.us/msgaudio/sm050213.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.951477 | 1,789 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Dawwie is a National Girls Empowerment Initiative targeting thousands of girls and boys in schools, youth centers, cultural centers, universities, communities and more to provide them with access to different skills, knowledge, and services. Dawwie also provides them with a platform where they can express themselves. This platform is a catalyst of change, aiming to help local communities flourish and embrace the concept of equality.
Know more about Dawwie through this video
Dawwie is continuously growing and expanding its support for girls. This can be achieved by encouraging more and more partners to join from ministries, national organizations, civil society organizations, private sector entities, and individuals.
Dawwie started under the auspices of the National Council of Childhood and Motherhood in partnership with National Council for Women, Ministry of Education and Technical Education, Ministry of Health and Population, Ministry of Social Solidarity, Ministry of Youth and Sports, Ministry of Culture, Ministry of Information and Communication Technology with the support of UNICEF and in coordination with UNFPA, ACDA and Plan International. .
Want to join Dawwie partners? Contact us at firstname.lastname@example.org Here
Education and family income
Each year of secondary education for girls increases their eventual earnings by up to 25%. This can lead to healthier and better educated children, due to women’s tendency to invest their income into their families.
Economy and Empowering girls
Empowering girls can accelerate economic growth. If young women were as economically enabled as young men, annual GDPs could grow up faster by 4.4%, alleviating global labor shortages.
Reading and child health
A child born to a literate mother is 50% more likely to live past age five.
Girl education and mortality
Every extra year added to girls’ education correlates to 5 ~ 10% reduction in their infant’s mortality. | <urn:uuid:881c21d8-f04b-4e03-a3e8-26a1129197db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://dawwie.net/en/dawwie-echo | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.943711 | 392 | 2.296875 | 2 |
02 Jul 2020
The application's autostart function was created to help users by depriving them of the need to run manually selected programs immediately after starting Windows 10. Thanks to this function, we should own a system that will be ready to work with all the necessary applications that are installed on the device. Unfortunately, there are undesirable problems associated with this supposedly very easy to use function. Sometimes it happens that some programs start to run automatically against our volition. Luckily, we can take control of it.
Automatic startup from Skype communicator can be useful, but sometimes it is good to avoid it. There are many situations when it is not desirable to automatically start the Skype application, for example when we share a device with several users or when we simply do not want to be online right after turning on the device. Fortunately, Windows 10 gives us the ability to quickly and successfully manage the automatic launch of this application.
We will focus on how to solve the problem with the intrusive appearance of Skype right after starting Windows 10. Probably many of you were shocked when you realized that the Skype application automatically started, you were logged in to it and worked continuously in the background. Automatic login can only be turned off in Skype 7 and older versions of this application. In Skype 8 we can only turn off an automatic startup, but there is no option to disable automatic login, and if you would like to disable the option mentioned, we suggest you remove this version of the application and install the classic version.
Let's follow the instruction below and learn how to turn off automatic launch apps in Windows 10:
The second method to disable automatic startup of Skype applications is to use Windows 10 settings. This is a very simple way, you just need to get to the application settings and then turn off the autostart options.
Follow the steps below to stop Skype app from starting automatically on your computer.
As you can see, it's not difficult. Choose the most convenient method of stopping the application from starting automatically and enjoy the comfortable use of your device!
By Anna Grudzień on 02 Jul 2020
Designing on your smartphone or tablet shouldn’t stop you from using the right font. Like computers, they come with a variety of fonts. But what if you want to install a custom font on your Android or iOS device? Installing an OTF or TTF file on your phone or tablet is easier than you think.
The Nothing phone (1) has been in the news recently for its unusual design. And it is already inspiring other brands, or... Doogee plans to launch the versatile S89 series, a pair of rugged phones with an RGB light effect on the back. But that's not the only thing that makes the S89 series unique. This series comes with an enormous 12000 mAh battery.
Xnspy is a pioneer in parental control apps for remotely monitoring cell phones. It works as a solution to get parents and employers relief as they can track the activities of their children and employees remotely without even letting them know. Xnspy may rank high in the list of the most prominent monitoring apps today, but what is it about the app that is slowly making it a household name?
Are you worried about the safety of your android application? Are you looking for a reliable technique to secure your mobile app? Worry no more, for you are reading the right article. We will explore some of the most robust techniques that will make your android app almost unbreakable. | <urn:uuid:c6019ae5-0ec9-412c-a719-6d374aae345c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hardreset.info/articles/stop-skype-from-starting-automatically-windows10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.940912 | 714 | 1.78125 | 2 |
What is the correlation between screen time and adolescent well-being? It’s an important question for which we have limited and often contradictory answers. A story in Wired this week all but let our phones off the hook for any negative consequences — but I wonder if the study fully understands the way we live now.
Much of the research to date on the potential effects of screen time on well-being relies on self-reported data from massive surveys, Wired reports. The sheer amount of data available means that creative scientists can make nearly any argument about correlations, leading to widespread confusion about the truth.
In the latest issue of Nature Human Behavior, researchers Andrew Przybylski and Amy Orben apply a novel statistical method to this problem: a tool called specification curve analysis that lets them evaluate many thousands of possible correlations simultaneously. Here’s Wired’s Robbie Gonzalez on their findings:
The result was a series of visualizations that map the wide gamut of potential effects researchers could detect in the three repositories, and they reveal several important things: One, that small changes in analytical approach can lead to dramatically different findings along that spectrum. Two, that the correlation between technology use and well-being is negative. And three, that this correlation is very, very small, explaining — at most — 0.4 percent of the variation in adolescent well-being.
To put it in perspective, the researchers compared the link between technology use and adolescent well-being to that of other factors examined by the large-scale data sets. “Using technology is about as associated with well-being as eating potatoes,” Przybylski says. In other words: hardly at all. By the same logic, bullying had an effect size four times greater than screen use. Smoking cigarettes? 18 times. Conversely, getting enough sleep and eating breakfast were positively associated with adolescent well-being at a magnitude 44 and 30 times that of technology use, respectively.
What’s immediately striking about these findings is the way in which the researchers separate bullying from “screen use.” The data collected pertains to children who were born in the year 2000 or later. While surely bullying continues to happen offline, it has a major online component as well. (An anti-bullying initiative in Australia found that 84 percent of children who had been bullied offline had been bullied online as well.) Bullying and screen use are linked, in other words — but this paper has no means of separating them.
I searched the study for more information about the data it evaluated, and was surprised at how fusty the whole thing feels. The categories of screen use data collected include whether the child owns a computer, plays “weekday electronic games,” watches “weekday TV,” or “uses the internet at home.” These categories might be useful in longitudinal studies comparing a 1980s childhood to a 2010s childhood, but they hardly capture the rich variety of screen time a young person today might encounter. (There is a category for “hours of social media use,” which feels as relevant today as ever. )
But for the most part, these are pre-smartphone data categories being applied to a post-smartphone world. It seems fair to question whether any analysis of the data, no matter how statistically rigorous, can reflect the individual or collective effects of screens on our psychology or behavior.
Last month, writing about the Yellow Vest protests in France, Max Read lamented “theoretical discussions that imply the possibility of some counter-historical ‘control world’ without Facebook.” Facebook’s existence has exerted influence over us for more than a decade now, he argued, making it all but impossible to conceive a present-day world in which it never happened.
I wonder if smartphones aren’t like that, too. The majority of phones shipped globally have been smartphones — which is to say, phones that have internet access — since 2013. Trying to quantify a singular “effect” of smartphones on well-being, in a world where they are ubiquitous, strikes me as naive. Smartphones changed the way we meet romantic partners, send nudes, navigate through cities, buy drugs and alcohol, and spend time with our friends, to name just a few of their consequences. Good luck reducing all that to a variable.
In some ways, smartphones seem to have been quite good for young people — teen pregnancy rates are down, for example, and along with the rate of adolescent drug abuse. A popular theory here holds that teens are spending more time connecting with friends at home using screens and less time out in the world making mischief. At the same time, online bullying remains a scourge of every platform. (Did you know 42 percent of teens report being bullied on Instagram?) And if you believe that social platforms have contributed to the spread of hate speech, or the rise of far-right populism, or the radicalization of young minds, how do you factor that into a statistical account of well-being?
Wired’s headline, echoing Przybylski, reads, “Screens might be as bad for mental health as ... potatoes.” And yet reading the study, I’m far less certain. The data certainly seem to indicate what Przybylski suggests. But I’m not sure this data really answers the question we want it to — or whether the researchers even asked the right question to begin with.
How hot is employee chat at Facebook? Today I learned, thanks to this good find from Rob Price, that the company has engineers assigned to the task of moderating internal employee discussions. It also has (eminently reasonable) new guidelines for internal employee debate:
“We’re keeping it simple with three main guidelines: Don’t insult, bully, or antagonize others. Don’t try to change someone’s politics or religion. Don’t break our rules about harassing speech and expression,” the 43-year-old technology exec wrote. […]
The changes indicate that as Facebook attempts to reform itself, it is taking a stronger approach to its historically open employee communication platform, and is investing in new moderation controls. “These guidelines apply to all work communications including Workplace, email, chat, tasks, posters, whiteboards, chalkboards, and face-to-face. Since Workplace is where most of these discussions happen, we are investing engineering resources there,” Schroepfer wrote.
Last year, Google donated $300 million to local news initiatives. Today Facebook announced it would do the same. The basic idea is to wean publishers off of display advertising, where Google and Facebook have a duopoly, and get them to become self-supporting through subscription revenue. Nieman Lab talked to Campbell Brown, who runs journalism initiatives at Facebook:
BROWN: Coming out of the accelerators, we found out of all the various investments we were making that this was a bright spot. Publishers were seeing some promising results. For example, The Denver Post had a 172 percent increase in digital subscriptions after the accelerator, the Miami Herald saw three times growth in the number of readers hitting the three article limit between March and June based on a test they did.I want to be clear that we have a ton of work to do here, but it is work we are committed to because it does seem to be yielding some real progress and we’re pretty excited about it.
With that in mind, it became clear that we should invest much more in the accelerator so we’re increasing that amount to about $20 million a year. We’re going to try to expand them, both in terms of the area of focus — so we did subscription acquisitions to start, we did a video accelerator in Argentina, we’re doing a membership accelerator right now — but also where we do them, like doing some in Europe where we want to add to. This will become a much bigger program and area of investment for us.
Theresa May’s Brexit proposal failed on Tuesday, but it wasn’t for a lack of Facebook ad spending, reports Mark Di Stefano. As usual, there are questions about who’s really behind these groups.
According to Facebook’s records, We Are The 52% has spent almost £12,000 in the run-up to Tuesday’s vote, often running videos featuring pro-Brexit celebrities criticising the government’s deal.
And like the others, We Are The 52% links back to a simple website, which doesn’t feature any specific information about how the group is funded. It only claims to be “edited” by a social media consultant with extensive links to the Conservative party named Theodora Dickinson. She did not return requests for comment.
A policy think tank supported by Google, Amazon, and Facebook has a new proposal out for national privacy legislation. The proposal would repeal every previous piece of privacy legislation, Makena Kelly reports. This seems dead on arrival:
But the “bargain” would also preempt state laws like California’s new privacy act, and repeal every other existing piece of federal privacy legislation, including landmark laws like Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) and Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). Every sector- or issue-specific privacy law would be removed, and state and local lawmakers would be unable to draft stricter, more specific regulations in the future.
The Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) would be one of the repealed laws. It was authored by Sen. Ed Markey (D-MA) in the late ‘90s, and IT was one of the first pieces of legislation governing the collection of data. The law imposes requirements on companies when it comes to collecting data on children under 13 years of age, which has become a sticking point for a number of tech companies. Both Google and Facebook have been sued multiple times for violating COPPA, and the law is one of the main reasons many web services cut off at age 13.
The House Energy and Commerce Committee wanted Ajit Pai, the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, to brief them about recent revelations that telecoms like Verizon, the one he used to work for, have been selling our real-time location data for years. Pai refused to show up, citing the government shutdown.
Jeff John Roberts explores potential legal solutions for victims of deepfakes:
New criminal laws could be one way to fight deepfakes. Another approach is to bring civil lawsuits against the perpetrators. As the Electronic Frontier Foundation notes in a blog post, those subjected to deepfakes could sue for defamation or for portraying them in a “false light.” They could also file a “right of publicity” claim, alleging the deepfake makers profited from their image without permission.
All of these potential solutions, however, could bump up against a powerful obstacle: free speech law. Anyone sued over deepfakes could claim the videos are a form of cultural or political expression protected by the First Amendment.
Infowars has been struggling for distribution since most of the big platforms collectively banned it last summer. Recently it popped up on the streaming TV service Roku, which comes preinstalled on many new televisions. (Including mine!) The official statement says it bans “the publication of content that is unlawful, incites illegal activities or violates third-party rights, among other things.” For the Roku executives who subscribe — and there are some — I hope you’ll take time to read my column from last summer, in which I described how Infowars has historically incited real-world violence. (Just before press time, Roku announced it would delete Infowars from the service.)
It’s now officially against YouTube policy to blindfold yourself and eat TidePods for views and / or advertising revenue. Progress!
The company revealed new policies that creators must follow when uploading content, and one of the biggest changes is a section dedicated entirely to dangerous pranks. YouTube has previously addressed pranks in its harmful and dangerous content category of its overall policies, but seems to have added the new section following a series of disturbing Bird Box challenge videos.
YouTube creators have a history of participating in dangerous challenges — including Jake Paul driving blindfolded to participate in the Bird Box challenge, teens eating poisonous Tide Pods for the Tide Pod challenge, and even some creators alluding to drugging their girlfriends on camera with natural sexual enhancement pills — all in the name of content.
Here’s another embarrassingly brief tenure for a senior Snap employee. No word on why he left, though the company took pains to say in a legal filing that Stone had not uncovered evidence of massive accounting fraud. So, silver lining!
Stone’s departure follows a string of other top-level exits in the past year, including chief strategy officer Imran Khan in September, and finance head Andrew Vollero and vice president of monetization engineering Stuart Bowers in May.
Josh Constine goes hunting for Instagram accounts promising various shady services that purport to sell followers or verification — and finds that Instagram is taking their ad dollars, despite an official ban on the practice.
Instagram has been earning money from businesses flooding its social network with spam notifications. Instagram hypocritically continues to sell ad space to services that charge clients for fake followers or that automatically follow/unfollow other people to get them to follow the client back. This is despite Instagram reiterating a ban on these businesses in November and threatening the accounts of people who employ them.
A TechCrunch investigation initially found 17 services selling fake followers or automated notification spam for luring in followers that were openly advertising on Instagram despite blatantly violating the network’s policies. This demonstrates Instagram’s failure to adequately police its app and ad platform. That neglect led to users being distracted by notifications for follows and Likes generated by bots or fake accounts. Instagram raked in revenue from these services while they diluted the quality of Instagram notifications and wasted people’s time.
I dig the Windows desktop filter here, created by an Instagram product designer.
Facebook’s latest content-marketing initiative is a podcast about the company’s primary buyer of ads: small businesses.
Julia Alexander reports on a new avenue for recommendations inside YouTube:
YouTube is testing a new recommendation format for both mobile and desktop users that use blue bubbles to suggest keywords, creators, and related topics to help browse through videos.
Screenshots obtained by The Verge show these blue bubbles in action. They appear just underneath the video player, and the idea is to help users filter recommendations. These are more specific recommendations than the videos that appear off to the side. The feature is currently being tested with a small set of people on both YouTube’s main desktop page and mobile apps.
ByteDance’s latest effort to dethrone WeChat is called Duoshan, Rita Liao reports. She calls it a mix of TikTok and Snap:
Unlike TikTok, which incentivizes users to follow celebrities and strangers, Duoshan is built for private messaging. It offers a dazzling selection of special effects and filters, as most other short-video apps do these days. The twist is that videos disappear after 72 hours to provide stress-free, off-the-cuff sharing, a need that WeChat also noticed and prompted the giant to come up with its own Snap-like Stories feature recently.
Everyone is posting before-and-after photos from 2009 to today — a phenomenon that launched on Facebook and reminded us of a simpler time, Julia Alexander says:
Universal adorable awkwardness is only part of what makes the challenge endearing. There’s a sincerity in photos from 10 years ago. Facebook profile pictures from 2008 and 2009 were different from the over-the-top aesthetic we practiced at the time on Myspace. There was a feeling of intimacy on Facebook for teens. We truly believed that only our friends saw what we were posting, and that level of comfort let us post whatever we wanted. Digging through my Facebook photos was like diving into a treasure trove of happy memories I wouldn’t dream of posting today.
There are photos of me making grotesque “funny” faces while sitting on the subway with friends, photos of me with bread rolls stuffed into my mouth, photos of me planking on my car in the middle of my school parking lot while wearing camo shorts. Needless to say, these aren’t photos I would ever dream of throwing on Tinder if they were taken today. But that’s just it: these types of photos are taken today, but I don’t post them anymore. I’ve learned that whatever I post online, even in a closed group, can spread far beyond my control.
Willy Staley explores the strangeness of having a 73-year-old president posting memes to Instagram:
This incentive structure, in which an easily distracted person says a bunch of stuff he kind of means to an assembled audience, slowly learning what generates a reaction and what doesn’t, is familiar: It’s like posting online. This is the process that nudged the wall ever closer to reality, despite the fact that it was only ever supposed to be a metaphor, a shorthand, a catchphrase. It is an idea with no real owner or creator, passed from person to person, from lectern to grandstand to TV and Twitter and back again, copying itself and growing and mutating until it became big, beautiful and tipped with spikes forged from American steel. The border wall is, in the truest sense, a meme: an idea that persists not because it will benefit us but simply because it thrives in our environment. It was so effective at doing whatever it did that it couldn’t be contained, spilling out of the president’s brain and spreading throughout our entire body politic, cooling and hardening like bacon grease, until it finally brought everything to a standstill. And I hate to admit it, but that is a little funny.
And finally ...
Dave Stopera reports that if you take a selfie through a toilet roll, you’ll look like the moon. You should do this and let me know how it goes!
Note that it also works with dogs.
Talk to me
Send me tips comments, questions, and toilet roll selfies: firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:403309a9-afa6-452d-a5cc-956016ca2912> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theverge.com/2019/1/16/18184587/screen-time-well-being-nature-human-behavior-study-flaws | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.952883 | 3,835 | 3 | 3 |
The Color Purple written by Alice Walker and Kate Chopin’s Desiree’s Baby, were written during different times periods yet there are many similarities on how the women struggled. Both stories depict women who experienced hardship, and through out it all they continued to show unconditional love. In the two stories they have instances dealing with children that are quite similar. It goes to show that novels can span totally different time periods and still could discuss the same things.
The unconditional love within families can be enough at times to keep people going during the hard times that they experience. This holds true between sisters. In The Color Purple Nettie and Cellie’s unconditional love for one another helped them deal with the troubles they both faced. There unconditional love was shown through Cellie’s relentless writing hoping that one of her letters would get through. At no point did she ever give up. This love helped Nettie live with her verbally and physically abusive husband, Albert. Desiree on the other hand not being blood related to the women she called her mother; Madame Valmonde still had a tremendous amount of love for her. When Desiree’s husband told her to leave her mother said to her, “ Come home to Valmonde; back to your mother who loves you”. This is showing that it doesn’t take blood to create a strong bond and that no matter what; unconditional love will always help you get through hard times.
During the different times that both stories were written the way that African Americans were treated were quite similar. Back in 1909 when The Color Purple took place it was before woman were really seen as what they are and they were just figured to be a caretaker and a maid. The fact that Nettie was black didn’t help because she was considered to be dumb while in fact she was intelligent. During her years when she was married to Albert she with a little help of her sister Cellie learned how to read. Slavery was taking place during the period Desiree’s baby was written in. It was a horrible thing to be African American and a woman during that time. When it was thought that Desiree was an African American her husband shunned her and wanted nothing to do with her.
The Color Purple as a Parable
The Color Purple Parable
According to Scholl’s article, The Color Purple by Alice Walker, is a parable. In classifying a story as a parable, Scholl determines that a parable must be a “movement through a realistically improbable sequence of narrative reversals toward a conclusion that defies realistic expectations.” (Scholl, 255) These reversals are very evident throughout the novel and render the conclusion unrealistic. In almost every character, there is an ironic reversal of what should happen and what does happen.
With the main character Celie, she overcomes her hardships with her childhood and marriage to achieve complete happiness. Her childhood consists of a father that rapes her and gives her kids away. He also gives her away to a man known as Mr. ___. He too beats her and does not allow her to see her sister, Nettie. Celie falls in love with another woman who allows her to start her life over. Shug Avery gets her away from her husband, Mr. ___, and allows her to start her own financially independent life, as a pant producer. The only thing Celie lacks in order to ac… | <urn:uuid:443b1aca-a953-4093-b368-508735dff24f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://historyassignmenthelp.com/comparing-the-struggle-depicted-in-the-color-purple-and-desirees-baby/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.985679 | 712 | 3.265625 | 3 |
It’s easy to feel lethargic, especially when you have nothing much to do at home. Aside from boredom, being idle is also one thing we must battle every day during quarantine life. Some activities, including playing video games, trying our hand at creating delicious food, or crafting, can be great ways to fend off sluggishness and ennui.
But remaining healthy and staying on top of our fitness game are also important, especially in a time when our health and immunity serve as the first line of defense against sickness. To achieve these, maintaining optimum mental health and getting our daily exercise are needed. The following are some tips on how to maintain optimum health in both mind and body during isolation.
Incorporating vitamin-rich seeds and greens in staple foods and finding healthier alternatives to common snacks are becoming mainstream and continue growing. Thanks to social media, you can find copious amounts of healthy recipes using non-meat and vegetable-based ingredients. Such recipes include using seeds like quinoa, flax, and chia, which can greatly contribute to providing you with your daily source of protein, fiber, omega-3, antioxidants, and other nutrients.
Quinoa can either be made into a healthy salad or a nutritious porridge topped with fruit and seasoned with cinnamon and honey; chia can be turned into sweet pudding using milk, and flaxseeds can be ground into flax meal and used as an alternative to flour for your baked goods.
Other traditional veggies that can also boost your immune system are found in vitamin C and E-enriched microgreens, which can also be enjoyed in salads like quinoa. Beets, known for regulating blood pressure, boast an inherent sweetness, making it a healthy dessert option or a great addition to your sandwich to give your sub a hint of sweet flavor.
Meditation for Mental Health
Staying confined within months at a time can greatly take a toll on our mental health. When cast aside, stress can accumulate and manifest in illnesses. As a preventative measure, you can opt to give meditation a try. Simple and easy, meditating can be done by sitting in a quiet space and emptying your mind for five to ten minutes, once or twice a day, ideally at the same time, to turn it into a habit. To further immerse yourself in the experience and make it even more relaxing, you can set the mood in your meditation spot by adorning it with flowers, scented candles, and incense.
The most common meditation techniques require being still and quieting the mind, but other forms of meditation can be more suited for other individuals. Some types of meditation that don’t require staying still are tai chi, transcendental, and walking meditation. Tai chi and walking meditation combine mind concentration, breathing focus, and physical exercise, while transcendental meditation is done by repeating and focusing on a word or sound to silence your thoughts. To identify the form that perfectly suits you, it is best to try a little of the various forms, and once you’ve found your match, you can get started right away.
Staying on Top of Your Fitness Goals
Rendered temporarily closed by the pandemic, fitness centers and gyms can no longer provide people with spaces and equipment to help them stay fit. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, not only for the upgrade in appearance it can give you but more for the numerous health benefits it’s coupled with, is now more important than ever.
To make it possible for you to still get your daily exercise even at home, you can bring the gym to your house by using your existing equipment or simply making do with the household items you already have. A great idea would be to turn your empty shed or garage into your personal gym for a better workout experience.
You can covert any free space into your fitness center by simply performing cardio exercises that you already know or using exercise equipment. If you want to adopt the same atmosphere similar to that of gyms, you can improve your own space by outfitting it with mirrors or installing an audio system, so you can listen to your favorite tunes and stay pumped up during your cardio sessions.
Covering its floor with silicone coating can also give your home gym the protection it needs from daily wear and tear and from scratches made by moving around heavy equipment.
During these times, staying mentally and physically fit by giving yourself time to relax, eating healthy, and remaining faithful to your daily workout routines can be a challenge, but with the right motivation and unyielding determination, maintaining good health in all its aspects is made easy. | <urn:uuid:b1519ddf-dfe6-49f6-b387-0f24b334ed84> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theriverguild.com/habits-to-maintain-a-healthy-lifestyle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.951924 | 946 | 2.265625 | 2 |
What Phone Apps Let You Check Your Blood Pressure
If you have high blood pressure, your doctor may advise you to check your blood pressure regularly at home. You may also have noticed there are apps available for your smartphone that claim they can monitor your blood pressure, but are they as reliable as a doctors blood pressure cuff ?
There are some smartphone apps that can help you monitor your blood pressure, but they cannot actually check blood pressure.
A 2015 study in the Journal of the American Society of Hypertension looked at iTunes for Apple phones and Google Play for Android phones for popular apps that monitor blood pressure. In general, the study found the apps to be helpful for tracking blood pressure. Most were simply types of tracking software in which users manually entered blood pressure readings to track over time.
Other helpful features of many of the apps included:
- Manual input of information on heart rate, salt intake, weight, exercise and other factors that can impact heart health
- Reminders to take blood pressure medications or to check blood pressure and input data for tracking
- Ability to send information directly to the users physicians
Gokoo Smart Watch For Men
A sleek and sophisticated way to track your fitness, the GOKOO Smart Watch will take you from the gym to the boardroom. Its stainless steel case and silicone and leather band combine comfort with style. Alongside standard smartwatch features like app notifications and texts, the GOKOO also allows you to track your sleep cycles. And when it comes to fitness, it will monitor your heart rate in real-time so you can make the most of your workouts.
I’m Unable To Save My Recordings
After entering your blood pressure measurements, you should tap on done button on the data entry keypad. This takes you to the screen to enter your notes. Here you will find the save button. Pressing this button saves your record. If you do not press the save button, the record does not save. See the red circles in the below screenshot guidance:
Read Also: Does Apple Watch Check Your Blood Pressure
Apples Blood Oxygen Is Not The Same As Blood Pressure
Just so you dont confuse yourself, blood oxygen is not the same as blood pressure. Apple currently supports blood oxygen level detection .
Blood Oxygen is the level of oxygen in the blood, whereas systolic and diastolic blood pressure refers to the pressure in blood vessels.
They are also calculated in different units. SpO2 is calculated in percentages while blood pressure is calculated in mmHg.
If you are wondering, there is a good correlation between blood oxygen and blood pressure. When the blood oxygen level is low, the pulmonary arteries get narrower. This squeezes the blood and results in increased blood pressure.
A blood oxygen level of 95-100% is considered normal. If it drops below 90%, you should be concerned and are supposed to contact a medical person as soon as possible.
Apple Watch Could Measure Blood Pressure With Error
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The Apple Watch could offer a high level of accuracy when monitoring blood pressure, with Apple suggesting an actuator with a bladder and pressure sensors to reduce the number of errors when making a reading of the wearer.
Apple introduced blood oxygen tracking in the Apple Watch Series 6, giving users another metric in their fitness to track, alongside the heart rate and ECG features. However, one important blood-related measurement that has so far failed to be included is blood pressure monitoring.
Blood pressure monitoring would be great for people with an elevated blood pressure level, known as hypertension, as it is used as an indicator for potential health issues. Long-term and continuous monitoring of blood pressure could help identify specific patterns of hypertension, which may improve medical treatments.
While there have been rumors of a blood pressure feature being in the works, there has not been any real indication Apple is officially going down that route for a future Apple Watch model. Part of this is probably due to the extremely small size of the Apple Watch itself, and to somehow accomplish blood pressure measurements without requiring a vast amount of extra equipment, like electrodes or a blood pressure cuff.
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Donerton Smart Watch Fitness Tracker
Pick from three great colors with the Donerton Smart Watch. Theres pink, black, and grey to suit all wardrobes. This simple and stylish multi-function device is a great way to stay on top of your health and fitness goals. The activity tracker measures steps, calories, and distance with the options of eight sports modes as well as a sedentary reminder for when its time to get up and move. Then, theres also a heart rate monitor and sleep assessment for even deeper insights. Enjoy convenient connectivity, with notifications for calls, texts, and app messages, as well as music and camera controller, alarm clock, and find your phone functions.
Measure Blood Oxygen Levels On Apple Watch
Use the Blood Oxygen app on Apple Watch Series 6 or later to measure the percentage of oxygen your red blood cells carry from your lungs to the rest of the body. Knowing how well oxygenated your blood is can help you understand your overall health and wellness.
Note: The Blood Oxygen app is not available in all regions. Blood Oxygen app measurements are not intended for medical use.
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Alivecor Kardiamobile 6l Ekg: Best Portable Ecg Monitor
AliveCor® KardiaMobile 6L Mobile EKG is another FDA approved wireless ECG monitor that assesses your heart rhythm and detects atrial fibrillation with 30 to one minute.
If you already own a smartwatch and do not want to invest more money on another smartwatch just for ECG, then you can consider buying a portable wireless ECG monitor such as AliveCor® KardiaMobile 6L Mobile EKG.
If you feel, you can take an ECG with the device in 30 seconds and send it to the doctor through email. Also, it does not cost you any money to share or store ECG on the devices.
Unlike other ECG devices discussed here, the AliveCor® KardiaMobile 6L Mobile EKG takes a 6L ECG, and it can give the doctor more information about your heart condition.
In addition to that, if you subscribe to Kardia Premium, then your ECG will be assessed by real human doctors for any complications. This service is optional, and even without it, you can take and share ECG with your doctor for free.
Besides atrial fibrillation, the AliveCor® KardiaMobile 6L Mobile EKG also detects other heart conditions such as bradycardia, tachycardia, and sinus rhythm.
- Not as convenient as a smartwatch with ECG.
- Premium features require a monthly subscription.
AliveCor® KardiaMobile 6L Mobile EKG is one of the best portable wireless ECG monitors with six lead ECGs. It is one of the best choices for people who already own a smartwatch and do not want to spend money on another advanced smartwatch.
Pairing A Blood Pressure Monitor To Your Apple Watch
When deciding to turn your Apple Watch into a Blood Pressure control center, you will have two choices.
The first one is to use a blood pressure monitor with a dedicated app optimized for the Apple Watch, allowing controlling the device remotely. The Qardio Smart Blood Pressure Monitor and the Withings Blood Pressure Monitor are solid choices.
The second one is to synchronize the blood pressure measurements with your iPhone Apple Health App. and check the results on your watch.
Both options have their merits and drawbacks, but it opens a numerous range of options and choices.
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Can Fitbit Detect Heart Problems
Well, I didnt see serious research that approves it, however, such research has been done with the competitor, the Apple watch and the results look promising!
Researchers at the University of California have found that the popular smartwatch can detect heart rate problems in an accuracy of 97 percent and can even distinguish between a state of emergency and an increase in heart rate caused by excitement.
A study conducted by researchers at the University of California USA in 2017 with the developers of the Cardiogram application revealed that, besides being the best-selling wearable item, Apples smartwatch can also detect heart rate problems with a maximum accuracy of 97 percent.
Tested data for 6,000 users across the United States through a dedicated application , found that the smartwatch was able to locate users with atrial fibrillation , compared to healthy users.
The diagnosis included wearing the watch and a series of tests of heart rate and pulse at intervals of several hours between test and test.
The app knew whether it was a change in heart rate due to any event or excitement, as opposed to those who regularly suffer from the problem.
However, there is a downside to these promising results.The results were accurate only when the subjects were at rest, while active, the results were inaccurate and not trustable.
The studies also showed that the Apple watch can also accurately detect sleep apnea you can read more on the subject in this related article.
How Do I Measure Blood Pressure With Apple Watch
You need a connected device such as QardioArm smart blood pressure monitor and a companion app that supports Apple Watch. QardioArm pairs with your smartphone or tablet and keeps your measurement history in your own private account. Once you have downloaded the free Qardio App on your iPhone or iPad, enable it for your Apple Watch and the app will then be enabled on your smartwatch.
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How To Use The Blood Oxygen App On Apple Watch Series 6 Or Series 7
The Blood Oxygen app can allow you to measure the oxygen level of your blood on-demand directly from your wrist, providing you with insights into your overall wellness.
Measurements taken with the Blood Oxygen app are not intended for medical use and are only designed for general fitness and wellness purposes.
The Blood Oxygen app is only available in certain countries and regions. Learn where the Blood Oxygen app is available.
Ecg Smartwatch Related Questions
Here are some of the questions frequently asked by our readers about the best ECG watch. I hope this will help you.
No smartwatches can detect a heart attack. However, it can detect some early cardiac arrest signs, such as irregular heart rate and atrial fibrillation.
Clinically validated ECG devices are tested for their reliability and accuracy. There are cheap smartwatches with ECGs in the market. But they are not clinically validated. So, they may not track the ECG as accurately as clinically validated devices.
No Apple watches are not compatible with Android devices. If you are an Android user, we recommend the Samsung Galaxy watch 3. It is approved by the FDA, and it has many health-tracking features like SpO2, B.P, fall detection, etc. The B.P monitoring feature is not available on Apple wearables.
Apple Watch Series 4, Series 5, and Series 6. ECG feature is not available on Apple Watch Series 3.
As of now, the ECG feature in Withings Move Watch is not Approved by the FDA. As soon as the FDA approves it, we will be updating this article.
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Best Blood Pressure Apps For Iphone
We put together a list of the best blood presure apps for the iPhone so that you don’t have to.
13 Jul 2021, by& nbspAppPicker
This Easy Blood Pressure app is a free simple tool that can be used as a blood pressure log, tracker and charting tool. This blood pressure app for iPhone can help you track blood pressure and pulse readings. Easy Blood Pressure Diary help you do this very simple – nothing fancy just a simple and effective diary. We want to provide the best and simplest tool for logging your BP. This app is useful for individuals with blood circulation diseases, e.g., hypertension and hypotension. It is good for early detection of predisposition to such diseases.
- Easy entry of new measurements
- Risk chart and statistics
- Export your data via e-mail
- Data stored locally on your unit
- Several languages supported
The Welltory Heart Monitor app, the app for checking your blood pressureloved by 2 million users, allows you to measure your heart rate and stress and also see fitness & lifestyle trends by connecting data from your other gadgets and apps. If you want to make your training plan stick, track heart rate variability at home with Welltory. This blood pressure app is the best for beginners the free version uses your phones camera to measure your HRV. The data is easy to read, giving scores for mood, energy, and stress. You wont miss a beat.
Does Smartbp Measure Blood Pressure
No. SmartBP alÃlows you to record, track and anÃaÃlyze trends in your blood presÃsure. You can eiÃther manÃuÃalÃly enÃter your records or use a blood presÃsure monÃiÃtor to sync with SmartBP through Apple Health. SmartBP alone does not meaÃsure blood presÃsure. You need a sepÃaÃrate blood presÃsure monÃiÃtor to meaÃsure blood presÃsure. Make sure that the blood pressure monitor you select meets your countryâs regulatory requirements .
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Lintelek Smart Watch And Fitness Tracker
With the Lintelek Smart Watch and Fitness Tracker, you can check your heart rate and blood pressure data without connecting to an app. It also works well as a fitness watch with seven sport modes, a stopwatch, and a reset function. Compared to other fitness trackers, it also has a great battery life of 10 days active mode and 20 days in standby, taking just two hours to charge via USB fully.
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Help Control Your Blood Pressure Through Exercise
It’s well known that regular exercise can help your heart stay strong and healthy. You can use your Apple Watch to count your steps so you know if you’re hitting your goal. Your watch can also track your heart rate with the sensor on the back to help you get fit — you’ll know you’re reaching your goals when your resting heart rate is getting lower.
With the Apple Watch, you can track your workouts — the watch offers 12 workouts you can choose from, or you can begin any workout and the watch will automatically detect it. While working out, you can easily monitor your heart rate and set up heart-rate thresholds that notify you in case your heart rate is too high or low.
Omron Heartguide Smart Watch Blood Pressure Monitor
Get accurate blood pressure results in just 30 seconds with the OMRON HeartGuide Smart Watch. Connect to the app and use colored charts to track your personal data and trends over time and monitor any changes. If your blood pressure isnt the best, you can set activity goals to gradually increase your fitness. Plus, it also monitors sleep patterns, giving insights into how your rest patterns affect heart health. Best of all, it still has regular smartwatch functions, including reminders, notifications, and, of course, the time.
Apple Watch 4 & 5 An Amazing Activity Tracker Smartwatch With An Accurate Ecg Feature And An Awesome Dedicated App
Like I have mentioned earlier if an ECG testing satisfies you than this amazing watch is the best option for you.
The Apple Watch 4 is one of the most popular fitness trackers in the world and combining with its new abilities to perform ECG tests and to save and show your stats in the new, awesome ECG app makes it a great purchase.
If you want a really accurate blood pressure monitor than adding the QardioArm Blood Pressure Monitor will do the job.
Apple had also launched the ECG app which is a great and convenient way to track your ECG measurements.
Here is a video demonstration of the new ECG app in the Apple 4 smartwatch
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Do Apple Watch Measure Blood Pressure
Apple Smartwatches do not measure blood pressure. However, it comes with many other health monitoring features such as ECG, irregular heart rate detection, fall detection, SpO2.
According to a new report, Apple has secured a patent for scuff-free blood pressure monitoring. Along with non-invasive blood sugar monitoring, it is also expected to come with the upcoming Apple Watch Series 7.
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How Does The Apple Watch Blood Pressure Strap Work
Like traditional blood pressure machines, the Apple Watch strap detailed in the patent will use pressure to constrict and release the blood vessels and arteries in the wrist of the user to take readings on the users blood pressure. The strap will feature an array of expandable elements inside the strap that are used to inflate to create pressure and deflate to relieve pressure.
Sensors inside the Apple Watch will be used to measure and calibrate the readings. Once logged, the Apple Watch will then be able to share the readings with applications inside iOS, macOS, and watchOS for review later.
Apple will use the applanation tonometry method for measuring blood pressure, rather than the oscillometric method. And the reason? Simple: because the Apple Watch is worn on the wrist, so Apple needs to take its measurements lower on the arm than more traditional blood pressure machines.
In the applanation tonometry method, notes Patently Apple, a pressure sensor is placed against an artery to slightly flatten the artery against the underlying anatomical structures, so the pressure waveform can be directly measured. The central venous pressure and the systolic and diastolic pressures can then be determined from the waveform.
Recommended Reading: Can Apple Watch Tell Your Blood Pressure | <urn:uuid:4aa8a484-300c-45f7-aa78-09130cacd2ee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.healthybpclub.com/can-i-check-my-blood-pressure-with-my-apple-watch/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.911018 | 3,874 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Are you wondering if it is safe to drive or ride in the rain on your e-bike? It is safe to ride or go in the shower with your e-bike. You can do certain things to ensure your safety and keep you from having any problems. An e-bike’s electric system is built to withstand adverse weather conditions. It is safe to ride an e-bike in lousy weather. There are more than three million e-bike riders in Europe. You won’t have any problems if your bike is well-built. You should also consider what to do while driving your motowhene while it rains folding electric bike.We are always trying new models, so check back later or drop me an email if you don’t find what you’re looking for. Check out our top-rated accessories and bike locks to make your bike even more fun for “backpacking.”
IN A TIME OF multiple global crises, like the coronavirus pandemic and climate change, it’s difficult not to feel helpless. I have one suggestion for grown-ups who cannot think of a way to improve things: Get on a bike. Millions of Americans agree, regardless of whether they borrowed one from a bike sharing company or purchased their own. Electric bicycles have been bulky, cumbersome, and expensive for years. They also had limited battery life. Slowly, however, this has changed. Ebikes are lighter, more appealing, and more powerful than ever. Ebikes are not required to be physically fit. You can get outside, reduce congestion and decrease your carbon footprint.
You’ve probably seen an e-biker riding in a central city park or public place. E-bikes are being used by everyone, from commuters to tourists to adventurers to tourists. E-bikes are quieter, more eco-friendly than cars, easier to use than scooters and motorcycles, and can be used in various ways. However, e-bikes can take up a lot of space when stored or transported. Folding e-bikes solve this problem. You can fold your bike quickly and transport it to your home, office, or apartment. You should also know some other important features of folding e-bikes. We’ll be covering the essentials you should know about this electric vehicle.
People are returning to traditional work environments as they become tired of working in cold workplaces, interrupting zoom calls, and lack the motivation to get out of their gowns. According to the Financial Times, February 2022 was the most active workspace since the pandemic outbreak. The average occupancy in the UK was 27%. Many questions should be asked when considering a return of co-working spaces in the post-pandemic era. What size are my work clothes? When did my travel card expire? Is that the fuel price per liter? Unsurprisingly, so many people are turning to e-bikes for a smoother transition to work. Foldable electric bikes are the ideal solution for commuters.
An electric folding bike can be your escape from a hectic commute or allow you to travel further in your free time. The focus is on a more miniature, portable folding bicycle, just like a regular bike. The bikes can be folded in half. This makes them ideal for those with limited storage space or who need to transport their bikes in a car or train. The battery-powered motor unit will provide some support, which can help you pedal more efficiently and reduce the risk of falling over on steep sections.They’re fun! My fellow Gear writers have tested almost every type of electric bike, from heavy-duty cargo to high-end mountain bikes. | <urn:uuid:766f4694-8f1f-4a5a-b38d-795366e9443d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dafakuaisan.net/e-bikes-and-the-rain-5-dos-and-donts-riding-an-ebike-in-the-wet-can-be-fun/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.966627 | 749 | 1.882813 | 2 |
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