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AboitizPower is the Philippines’ leading provider of renewable energy, advancing business and communities towards A Better Future.
DavaoLight provides a brighter new year to IP community
February 14, 2017
Davao Light and Power Company (DLPC) brightens the new year of a far-flung community in Sitio Malambuon in Malabog, Paquibato District, Davao City by distributing solar powered batteries and putting up a solar charging station that benefits around 40 households in the area.
Members of Ata tribe in Sitio Malambuon now enjoy electric light from the LED bulbs that were also distributed by Davao Light last December 22, 2016.
Davao Light employees volunteered to help with the wiring and installation of LED bulbs in the beneficiary households. It took almost two months for the Davao Light Streetlights and Pole Utilities Department (SPUD) to complete the electrical wiring installation in beneficiary-households and pole erection to prepare the community for solar electrification.
Part of the project’s goal is to prepare the community for livelihood and sustainable development. With this, Davao Light has also partnered with Ateneo de Davao's Mindanawon Initiative for Cultural Dialogue which will do the capacity training for the beneficiaries.
“It is part of our mission and commitment to help and to continuously find better ways of helping improve the lives of our people,” said Rodger Velasco, DLPC EVP and COO.
Sitio Malambuon has a population over 600. It is located at least 72 kilometers from the city center. The closest electricity pole is located 20 kilometers from the community. Poor road conditions going to the community, especially during rainy seasons, makes access to the area challenging.
Residents had been using kerosene lamps to light their homes. They had to trek down to the town center every week to buy kerosene.
The new solar charging station makes a life for residents easier and safer.
“Davao Light will remain a responsible partner on the road to progress and development, essential to our community’s collective hope for a better life.” Velasco added.
This is the fifth community beneficiary of Davao Light's Solar Charging Station Project since it launched the project in 2010. The project has already provided electricity to at least 153 households located in various communities in the region including Gumitan, Sto. Tomas, Indawhong, and Upper Kibalang- Gawad Kalinga. | <urn:uuid:c7c83768-dcf7-4894-8910-3538ac60494b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aboitizpower.com/news/corporate-social-responsibility/davaolight-provides-brighter-new-year-ip-community | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956446 | 526 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Statewide Ballot Issue 1 On May 8 Primary Election Ballot
Primary Election Day is Tuesday, May 8. This election, voters will consider Issue 1. The statewide ballot issue would change the way Ohio’s congressional districts are decided.
Under the current system, the Ohio General Assembly votes to draw new congressional district lines every 10 years. The process gives the majority political party more sway over new Congressional maps.
Issue 1 would change this and amend the state constitution, establishing a new bipartisan process for congressional redistricting. Issue 1 would also require public hearings before any new map is passed.
Supporters say the measure would make redistricting more fair, and limit the gerrymandering that can lead to many communities being split along partisan lines.
Opponents argue the state’s existing system of drawing congressional districts is already fair. A "no" vote on Issue 1 would leave the state constitution and the redistricting process as is.
Watch a secretary of state-produced video to learn more about Issue 1:
If Issue 1 fails to pass in the May primary, advocates, including the Ohio League of Women Voters, say they’ll try again to place the amendment on the November ballot.
"Voters have waited far too long for state lawmakers to come together to fix gerrymandering and create fairer elections," says Catherine Turcer of advocacy organization Common Cause Ohio. "Voters deserve to participate in meaningful elections, and Democrats and Republicans came together to pass a resolution that will help rein in the worst excesses of partisan gerrymandering." | <urn:uuid:9b7dc6e1-396c-47e9-9df2-b59a8b502421> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wyso.org/news/2018-04-30/statewide-ballot-issue-1-on-may-8-primary-election-ballot | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.955318 | 319 | 2.125 | 2 |
The subject matter of this debate is rather narrow. It is limited to Government expenditure and Government expenditure as a whole. I take it that we are concerned in this debate with the total Estimates for the year and not with the individual items in the Estimates, which would take us very far afield. The debate is also concerned with expenditure apart from revenue. Later on, in July of this year, we will be debating the Budget in which case taxation and revenue will be the main subjects of the debate. The amount of taxation which we will have to face in the year is very largely—in fact, entirely—determined by the amount of expenditure decided today.
There is a very striking contrast between the State and the individual in this matter. The individual's expenditure is limited by his income, but in the case of public authorities and the State, their income is determined by their expenditure. In the case of the individual, unless he is very improvident and living beyond his means, he will make some sort of a budget as to what his income will be, and he will try to cut his cloth according to that measure.
In the case of the State and the public authorities, the first decision is how much the Government will spend and then how the money will be raised. Therefore, this division between revenue and expenditure is really fictitious. We are laying the foundation for the Budget today because the Budget will decide how revenue will be raised. The amount of revenue raised will depend on expenditure, and expenditure depends on the decision of the Dáil and Seanad in regard to the Estimates. Those are the matters we are debating this evening.
Looking at the trend of expenditure, there is no question at all that public expenditure has risen. That is not peculiar to this country. It is a world-wide tendency today. Over a long period there has been a trend for public expenditure in every country to rise in relation to national income as a result of some political forces, as a result of the growth of nationalisation, of increases in public and semi-public utilities. It is also a reflection of the growth of the social conscience. People are appalled nowadays at the spectacle of poverty, ill health and illiteracy and, therefore, in every country in the world more and more is being spent on the relief of those evils, on the operation of nationalised industries and public utilities of one kind or another. Therefore, this country is in no way an exception.
Public expenditure is rising all over the world in every country and, as the Taoiseach said at column 1194 during the debate in the Dáil:
The key question which the Government and the Dáil have to consider is not whether these extensions in Government services are desirable—there is no question of their desirability—but whether we can afford them. Because of the economic expansion which we have experienced in recent years, we can now afford a higher level of Government services than we could have afforded previously, and as long as that economic growth continues, so also will the scope of these services expand in line with the rate of growth.
Therefore, it seems relevant in this discussion to consider what is the probable trend in the rate of growth because of the possibility of public expenditure increasing. As the Taoiseach very properly said, expenditure is limited by the rise in the growth of the national income.
That involves casting our eyes back over the year which is coming to an end now, and casting our eyes forward to the coming financial year to which these Estimates apply. Looking backwards I think we could very shortly summarise 1961 as a year in which national income increased by five per cent. Investment and employment other than in agriculture increased quite substantially. Industrial output increased by nine per cent.; the population was stable; the rate of emigration was not greater than new employment in the industrial field. The balance of payments was not unsatisfactory. It is expected to show a deficit of about £5,000,000 on current account but there was an inward flow of reserves. The external assets in the banking system were substantially increased, with the result that the balance of payments is not such as would give rise to any anxiety.
As Senator McGuire said, the one disquieting element is the rise in wages and the rise in costs. The eighth round of wage increases does seem to have exceeded the increase in productivity of the average worker. Therefore, I do not think it is unfair to say that some evidence of cost inflation has begun to appear in the system. By cost inflation I mean a rise in prices caused by a rise in costs. Government expenditure has been rising more rapidly than national income. National income has risen by about five per cent., and Government expenditure has risen by more than that, and that brings about what the economists in their despised jargon call a demand inflation: an increase in prices caused by an increased demand.
Therefore, I think it is not unfair to say that most people would agree with me that, looking back over 1961, there is evidence of two types of inflation, cost inflation as a result of the increases of the wage level and demand inflation caused partly by increases in incomes and partly by increases in Government expenditure. Those two types of inflation mutually act and react upon each other and, therefore, I do not think it is unfair to say—I may be incorrect; I speak subject to correction and I am only expressing my opinion—that in 1961 there were exhibited in this country some symptoms of inflation, partly cost and partly demand.
I should like to examine shortly the reason for the growth of public expenditure. I think it can be divided into two classes. In the first place it is the result of a rise in the cost of existing services, and secondly it is the result of increases in services. That is an important distinction. The extent to which the increase in public expenditure reflects the increase in the cost of the existing services is to some extent unavoidable, and the extent to which it represents an increase in the number and type of services is less unavoidable.
As the Minister said in the Dáil, the increases in expenditure, both in the present year and in the coming year to which these Estimates apply, is a result of increases in remuneration. In other words, it reflects the eighth round wage increases to which I have referred. At column 1060 of the Dáil Debates the Minister referred to the additional expenditure of £5.24 millions caused by the increase in salaries and wages. Undoubtedly, that is a reflection of the general rise in salaries and wages throughout the country. No one could express disagreement with the Minister, even from the lowest practical point of view, apart from ethical considerations, when he said that remuneration given to public servants must move in the same direction as in private business.
At the bottom of column 1060 the Minister said:
The rates of public service remuneration are largely determined, under conciliation and arbitration procedures, by the rates in outside employment. Although productivity improvements are constantly being sought through better organisation and methods, remuneration charges in the public services cannot but be affected by the general increase in wage and salary rates, unless the public services themselves were to be curtailed.
That is unquestionable. There is no question at all that the rise in wages and salaries in the public service reflects the general rise in wages and salaries in the country generally. Having said that, I think we must say this on the other side, that although the Government are to some extent the victims of rising wages, they are to some extent responsible for them. In certain cases in this country the rises have been started in the public service. It is a two-way operation. There has been a raising of the level in private service which has been translated into the public service, but there has also been a raising of the level of wages and salaries in some public utilities which has been translated into private industry at the same time. In other words, there is a reciprocal relation between the public and the private sectors. Rises in costs in the private sector are, as the Minister said, undoubtedly reflected in the public sector, but rises in the public sector are equally reflected in the private sector.
The trouble in that case is that rises in the public sector may be tolerable, whereas rising costs in the private sector are not tolerable and cannot be passed on. In discussing this question of the raising of labour costs, one must draw a distinction between industries that can pass on rising costs and industries which cannot do so. Amongst industries that can pass on rising costs, in the first place, are the protected industries, protected in the home market. In the second place, we have a number of public services of all kinds—essential public services for which the public have to pay—and increases in those services can be passed on. That can be done by way of increased charges, as we see all around us, such as increased postal charges, or—which is a less desirable thing—they can be passed on by increased taxes. The protected industries and public services are able to make the consumers or the taxpayers, or in some cases, both, pay increased costs.
Industries which are trying to export, which are not protected and which have to meet competition from outside, are not in this happy position. Therefore, they find themselves faced with the danger that if costs rise in the protected industries and the public services, they may find themselves going to the wall. This is a very real danger today. It must be remembered that the field of public employment is growing all the time, and on that, I should like to refer to a British White Paper dealing with public expenditure, known as the Plowden Report from the name of the Chairman, which pointed out that "as a consequence of these changes in public expenditure, the public sector of the economy in Great Britain now employs about one quarter of the total labour force". I do not know exactly the figure for Ireland, but whatever it is, it is rising and it is considerable. Therefore if there is a substantial rise in remuneration in this considerable sector, obviously there will be demands for equivalent rises in the private sector and apart from protected industries which now are becoming less and less important in this country, these increases in remuneration may not be able to be met.
The Government, therefore, have a duty. It is perfectly true, and I agree with the Minister on this, that to some extent the Government are caught up in a tendency from which they cannot escape, but at the same time, they themselves are to some extent responsible for setting higher targets. Certainly at a time like this, when we are faced with the new competition in Europe, the Government have a very grave responsibility, indeed, to hold down costs in the public services. By holding down costs, I do not necessarily mean reducing money wages. As Senator McGuire has stated, real costs of production depend on a great many other things, such as mechanisation, automation, scientific management and intelligent use of existing resources. For the Minister to plead that the rise in the Estimates is the result of rising salaries and wages which reflect rises in salaries and wages in the private sector is only a half-truth. It is not untrue, but it is only a half-truth, because the rise in the private sector is, to some extent at any rate, a reflection of the rise in the public sector for which the Minister or some of the public utilities which the Government to a greater or a lesser extent control are— I do not like to say to be blamed—the people at whose door responsibility must be laid.
So much for the rise in the Estimates caused by increases in the cost of existing services. Another factor increasing the Estimates is, of course, the increase in the number of services. Here again, I do not want to appear critical of the Government because these rises in public expenditure, as I have said already, are a reflection of social progress, of the emphasis which has been placed more and more on social services and on public utilities and therefore a sign of social progress. As the Taoiseach said, again quoting from column 1194, it is a function of the Government.
to try to keep the rate of expansion of the services provided by the Government in line with the expansion of national resources, as well as to use the machinery of taxation to level out inequalities and to ensure the equitable distribution of the benefits of economic expansion among all elements comprising our national community.
That is perfectly true, but at the same time it must be remembered that, if public expenditure increases more rapidly than national income and if there are Budget deficits or near-deficits at a time like this, the Government are adding more fuel to the inflationary fire which we have already noted, because, as I tried to point out earlier, there are inflationary symptoms in the economy. If the Government by well-meaning but ill-judged increases in public services at a time like this increase public expenditure, they are adding fuel to the fire.
The difficulty in this debate is that anybody who criticises any new proposed services is looked upon or classed as being unsympathetic to advances in social services, and there is practically no claim that can be made for increased Government expenditure that cannot be very ably defended in debate, but at the same time, it is the duty of the Government to resist these demands if they outrun the capacity of the country to afford them. As I said already, quoting the Taoiseach, it is the unpopular duty of the Government to resist these schemes.
There are two main justifications put forward for these increases in expenditure. One is that, in the widest sense, they are social services, and the increase in expenditure in this country is largely due to this according to the Minister. I quote him from column 1061 of the Dáil Debates in which he said:
By far the largest category of expenditure is that comprising the social welfare and health services. These two items combined account for £36.6 million or 30 per cent. of the total of Supply Services.
Then, in column 1063, he says:
The next most important grouping of State expenditure is education.
Health, social welfare and education are all social services of which everybody will approve. Nobody would be so obscurantist or so old-fashioned today as to say that these are not a perfectly proper subject for public expenditure.
The next justification invariably put forward is that any increase in public expenditure would appreciably increase national productivity and on that I want to quote again from the Minister, column 1063 in the debate in the Dáil, where he justified £28 million expenditure on agriculture if it is directed either towards reducing farmers' costs or stimulating production. At column 1064 he said that grants for the promotion of industry continued to comprise a large and expanding element of expenditure. He said that for tourism, and industry with potentialities of rapid expansion, another million pounds would be available. In other words, the expenditure could be justified on the grounds of increasing production in agriculture, increasing production in industry and increasing production in the tourist trade. This is all perfectly true.
There is this to be said about the expenditure on the social services. It does not in itself make a demand on the national resources. It is of a redistributive kind. There is a plus and a minus. It does not make the demand on the national resources that such things, for example, as the Army and Navy do and we are lucky in this country to be saved large expenditure on defence for that reason. The greater part of the expenditure on social services is redistributive and there is a minus and plus which balance out. That expenditure is not exhaustive, it does not make a claim on the resources of the country. It merely shifts an amount of wealth into what the Government judge—rightly no doubt—to be productive or socially desirable uses.
The point I am coming to is this. Although this expenditure is redistributive mainly and though it has social justification—such things as health, education and the relief of poverty— and though it may be productive in the long run, in the short run it does involve the necessity for more taxation and puts up the Budget. That is what we have to face because this debate is on public finances in general and economic policy. From the public finance point of view, unless the national income expands very rapidly, increases in expenditure, however well justified on social or productive grounds, do lead to demands for additional levies and the shape of the Budget is being decided in these debates. If additional revenue is derived from indirect taxation we have more costs to face; the cost of living rises; the trade unions are on the warpath again; we have the ninth round of wage increases. If it is met from direct taxation on savings, enterprise and incentive are discouraged. The business people, the saving classes, find more of their income taken in meeting current Government expenditure. The Taoiseach has already stated in the Dáil debate that the rate of savings in this country is one of the lowest in Europe. "The percentage of our total national income which is saved for investment in future development is one of the lowest in Europe." An increase in direct taxation will lower it still more. So that, if this additional expenditure leads to a demand for additional revenue, it has to be met, assuming the Budget is balanced which I would assume, by increased indirect taxation and a ninth round or by direct taxation which reduces incentive for saving which according to the Taoiseach is already unduly low.
Therefore, I think we are entitled to warn the Minister of certain dangerous trends shown in this Vote on Account. Government expenditure seems to be increasing more rapidly than national income and though each individual item may be justified, taken in isolation, the total shown in the Book of Estimates is rather large and, as I said at the very beginning, this debate is concerned with the total, not with individual Estimates. We do not debate Estimates in this House; we debate only the total. The total shown in the Book of Estimates does suggest that Government expenditure is rising more rapidly than national income. Therefore, the trend is for expenditure to outrun current income which will inevitably call for an increase in taxation in the future.
So far I have been looking back, it is the backward look, at 1961. Now let us look forward to 1962, the year to which these Estimates refer. Again, I am expressing only my personal opinions, but they are opinions based on a good deal of study and research.
The balance of payments this year will not be as satisfactory as last year. That can be safely predicted. Agricultural exports will not be maintained because last year agricultural exports were largely maintained by running down of stocks. The inflation which is undoubtedly present in the system, in so far as it is a cost inflation, will make exports more expensive and less competitive and in so far as it is a demand inflation will call for additional imports. Therefore, it is reasonable to predict a deficit in the current year. The balance of payments in 1962 will be less satisfactory than in 1961.
As Senator McGuire stated, this country is exceptionally sensitive to external influences. It is probably the most open economy in the world. Every wind that blows in the outside world can have effects here. From the point of view of external markets the outlook is not unsatisfactory, if it were not for the complications regarding the Common Market situation. The future demand in Great Britain seems to be a rising one. Continental production is rising. There is no sign of a recession in the United States of America. Therefore, the external market position seems to be reasonably satisfactory. But there is no getting away from the fact that the prospect of Ireland either being admitted or not being admitted into the Common Market generates an atmosphere of considerable uncertainty and nothing is worse for business than uncertainty. If business people knew their fate one way or another they could take decisions but many business people now are completely baffled by the prospects. The result is that there is a running down of stocks. People are not making long-period production decisions regarding either working capital or fixed investment.
Therefore, the country is facing a position of great uncertainty with regard to its export markets, in spite of the fact, as I said, that the business condition in the main markets is itself satisfactory. We are entering into a position of great obscurity and there are certain questions which the Seanad is entitled to ask the Minister to apply his mind to. Is the national income in 1962 going to rise as rapidly as in 1961? I want to make a very clear distinction between the money income and the real income. Possibly the money income will rise, because when a country is in inflation money income rises quite rapidly. This is one of the symptoms. Will the real income, in terms of gross national product, apart from money value, rise in 1962 as rapidly as in 1961? I am asking that question. I do not attempt to answer it. Will the balance of payments in 1962 be as satisfactory as it was in 1961 to this extent, that although there was a deficit in 1961 it does not call, in my humble opinion, for anything in the way of a drastic correction: because the reserves increased, and the inward flow of funds more than neutralised the deficit in the balance of payments? Have we any reason to believe 1962 will be equally good? That is a question that must be faced by the Minister.
On the purely public financial side, which is what we are debating here, will the revenue continue to be as buoyant as it was? The financial year now closing has been very lucky for the Minister. Revenue has been very buoyant in view of all the uncertainties regarding production and the balance of payments. Can that buoyancy be expected to last? Will the amount of saving and investment keep up? The Taoiseach has already stated it is altogether too low. Will it increase or sink to a lower level? These are some of the questions which the Minister for Finance must ask himself and must attempt to answer when he produces Estimates showing an increase of 10 per cent. for the present financial year.
What I am suggesting is that the background is one which does not justify large increases in Government expenditure, that the prospect, as far as we can judge, of production and the balance of payments is one that calls for extreme caution in regard to public finances and in that I include not only current but also capital expenditure. The capital expenditure must be pruned quite as carefully as current expenditure because capital expenditure, although it may be met out of borrowing, does involve taxation in the future. I should like to refer to a valuable paper entitled: "Trends in Public Expenditure" published in the February issue of the British Bulletin for Industry which is very relevant to this debate. I am quoting from that now. It says:
Investment expenditure in so far as it creates new buildings, etc., tends to increase current expenditure in the future in the maintenance and staffing of new buildings.
I am sorry to have to weary the Minister with a subject on which I have harped year after year. It is of such importance that it should be repeated. Just as I have said in regard to current expenditure, that although the fact that it is productive may justify it, it does not avoid future taxation, in the same way the fact that a great deal of public investment is productive does not mean that it does not involve future taxation because a great deal of public expenditure of a capital kind may be productive only in the long run. Such things as school buildings, agricultural colleges, arterial drainage, are all things which, in the long run, will be productive but in the short run the debt service has to be met. As I have told the Minister at other times in other Senates—I hope it will be new to the new Senators because I feel ashamed repeating it— the distinction between productive and unproductive capital expenditure by the Government is not the same as that between the self-liquidating and dead-weight debt. If capital expenditure is not productive in the long run it has no justification at all but even the most productive capital expenditure may involve the Government in considerable dead-weight debt, in which case the charges in relation to the Central Fund will also increase.
In reply to a Parliamentary Question on Thursday the Minister stated that the debt service for the current year had risen from last year from £20 millions to £22 millions, or 10 per cent., the same increase as in the Estimates, and twice the increase in the national income. That is not a healthy situation. The national debt service must be very carefully watched for two reasons. As I have said over and over again in these debates, interest rates are not going to fall. If the Minister has the idea that he is going to be able to borrow at less than about 6 per cent. in the next few years he is nursing an illusion. Interest rates are keeping up. Secondly, although the population is stable and seems to have ceased to fall, the per capita burden of interest rates has not eased as it has in countries with a rising population. Therefore, the incurring of the dead-weight debt should be approached with great hesitation.
The only expenditure properly relevant to this debate, I agree, is the Supply Services but I think I am entitled to warn the Minister that expenditure below the line and expenditure on voted Capital Services can in the long run have just as evil effects on the public finances as increases in Supply Services. I know it is very easy for us to talk the way I have been talking and to advocate economy in public services. If one is asked on what services one would economise it is very difficult to give a satisfactory reply. Once a service has entered into the pattern of the Estimates it is very difficult to cut it out. If one looks at the British public finances for the past ten years one sees a very notable dip in the proportion of the national income taken in public services. That is the aftermath of the war, disarmament and reduction in defence expenditure. We have nothing of that kind. There is no large section such as Defence in a period after the war which can distinctly be cut. Therefore, I entirely agree with the Minister that it is very easy for us to advocate reducing the Estimates but very difficult to point to what should be reduced. The moral to be drawn from that is this. The Estimates of tomorrow result from the decisions of today. It is when decisions are made in regard to public expenditure that the future expenditure is decided. That, I entirely agree with. Once a decision has been made, once there is an increase in the social services, it cannot in practice be dropped. Therefore, if there is one lesson that should be learned and followed by Ministers for Finance today it is the necessity for planning public expenditure well ahead in relation to the problem of national resources.
Again, I refer to the report of the Plowden Committee on the Control of Public Expenditure, where the following opinion is expressed:—
Regular surveys should be made of public expenditure as a whole, over a period of years ahead, and in relation to prospective resources; decisions involving substantial future expenditure should be taken in the light of these surveys.
On page 8 of the same Report we read:
The other side of the survey is the prospective development of income or economic resources. This is susceptible to prediction five years ahead only within broad limits. Moreover, public expenditure will itself be affected by the rate of economic growth; and the rate of economic growth will be affected by the size and nature of public expenditure. Nevertheless, we think that it should be possible to form worthwhile judgments about whether a certain prospective size and pattern of public expenditure is likely to stimulate or to retard the growth of gross national product, and is likely to outrun the prospective resources available to finance it.
I draw the Minister's attention to that passage which I think should be learned and digested and practised in every Department of Finance.
In the long run, everything depends on the growth of the economy itself. If the national product continues to grow at the rate at which it has been growing for two or three years, the considerable expansion in public expenditure can be tolerated. It is just like the case of an individual man. If his income grows, he can afford things he could not afford earlier. As he becomes richer, he can afford things he could not afford when he was less rich.
As I said already, when we come to deal with the State, we have to draw this vital distinction between an increase in money income and an increase in real wealth. If a man's money income is increasing, except in a period of gross inflation, he is becoming better off. In the case of a nation, if the money income is increasing, whereas the net product is not increasing, the country is not becoming better off. It is simply running into inflation. We have already noted some signs of inflation in this country. If that inflation is not corrected, the Government may find it necessary, in carrying out an approved national policy, to damp down growth in the country by putting on brakes, monetary or fiscal controls that will curb the expansion of the economy and cut down the inflation to which I have already referred.
A slowing down of that kind, a brake of that kind may produce very undesirable consequences. It may produce symptoms of deflation, causing unemployment and in this country emigration as well as depression in the national income. Therefore, it should be avoided if possible. The way to avoid it, of course, is to prevent the necessity for it arising. The way to prevent the necessity for it arising is to curb inflation early.
One never picks up a discussion on economic questions today without reading that there is a conflict within stability and growth and that if the money income of the community grows too rapidly, instability appears in the currency, in the exchanges, and in order to restore stability the growth has to be retarded, held back, which, as I said, may produce extremely undesirable consequences such as redundancy, unemployment and in this country emigration.
In the long run, of course, there is no conflict between stability and growth. No country can grow healthily unless it has monetary and financial stability. Therefore, it behoves the Government, the guardian of the national finances, to preserve stability, because if they fail to do so, they may have to check growth in order to restore stability. In that case, the check on growth is a result of earlier unwisdom in the field of public finance.
To discuss all the measures necessary for a Government to preserve stability in the national finances would involve lengthening this speech which is already far too long. However, I would refer the Minister again to the important publication from which I quote, Bulletin for Industry, February, 1962, in which the British Treasury expresses these views which I commend to the Minister's attention:
In its measures to strengthen control over public expenditure the Government are applying the following criteria:
(1) insistence on value for money by working to secure maximum efficiency in use of public funds;
That, as Senator McGuire said and as I said earlier, is about efficiency in productivity in the public service.
(2) determination of the relative importance of different classes of spending at different times;
That is, priorities.
(3) allowance of special priority to classes of expenditure which will foster economic growth and improve Britain's efficiency and competitive power.
That is particularly true today on the eve of the new events in Europe.
(4) examination of public expenditure as a whole, over a period of years ahead, to see that it is planned in proper relationship to prospective resources.
If the Minister would observe these four counsels of perfection, he certainly would be deserving of the applause and approval of the Seanad in future years. | <urn:uuid:b68ddbad-a326-4b6d-a0cd-6cc925e5498d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/seanad/1962-03-21/13/?highlight%5B0%5D=agriculture&highlight%5B1%5D=worker&highlight%5B2%5D=agriculture&highlight%5B5%5D=agricultural | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.971817 | 6,468 | 2.34375 | 2 |
By Ariana Figueroa, Iowa Capital Dispatch
WASHINGTON — President Joe Biden signed three executive orders on Tuesday evening that will reverse controversial policies from the previous administration, including one that resulted in the separation of migrant children from their parents.
Biden made it clear during the signing that he was not creating new immigration policies with the executive orders, but reversing those crafted under the Trump administration.
“I’m not making new law,” he said to reporters during the signing. “I’m eliminating bad policy.”
Fulfilling a promise Biden made during his campaign, one of the executive orders will eliminate the Trump administration’s “zero tolerance” policy, meant to deter immigrants from crossing the border, and instead create a task force to help reunite parents with their children.
Under the Trump administration, more than 5,500 immigrant families were separated. A recent court filing found that the parents of 628 migrant children were still separated.
“This task force will work across the U.S. government, with key stakeholders and representatives of impacted families, and with partners across the hemisphere to find parents and children separated by the Trump administration,” according to a White House press release.
The signing of the orders came just after the Senate confirmation of Alejandro Nicholas Mayorkas to be secretary of Homeland Security, the agency in charge of immigration law, in a 56-43 vote.
Republican Sens. Rob Portman of Ohio, Susan Collins of Maine, Shelley Moore Capito of West Virginia, Mitt Romeny of Utah and Lisa Murkowski and Dan Sullivan of Alaska voted with all 50 Democrats to confirm Mayorkas.
Mayorkas is the first Latino and immigrant to lead the agency.
House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., in a statement praised the executive orders.
“These Executive Actions honor our values by reunifying separated families, reforming our asylum process and promoting inclusion of new Americans into our communities,” she said.
“And they restore sanity and common sense to our immigration system — replacing the chaos and cruelty of the Trump approach with stepped-up and more constructive engagement with our partners in the region to address the root causes of migration.”
House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer, D-Md., said in a statement that he looked forward to working with the Biden administration in fixing the country’s immigratoin and asylum system.
“America was founded as a place of refuge and opportunity for those seeking a better life,” he said.
Biden’s second executive order will review reasons for migration, work with regional partners to provide protection for asylum seekers and will “ensure that Central American refugees and asylum seekers have access to legal avenues to the United States.”
“The situation at the border will not transform overnight, due in large part to the damage done over the last four years,” according to the White House. “But the President is committed to an approach that keeps our country safe, strong, and prosperous and that also aligns with our values.”
The third executive order re-establishes a Task Force on New Americans, which will help establish that the U.S. “legal immigration system operates fairly and efficiently.”
Juliana Macedo do Nascimento, the state and local policy manager for United We Dream, an immigrant advocacy group, said in an interview that she’s hoping the Biden administration continues to work on progressive immigration reform, since these orders are mostly designed to review and set up task forces rather than implement policy.
She pointed to one of Biden’s executive orders that will review a policy enacted by the Trump administration to punish immigrants for using social services such as WIC, food assistance for women and children. The public charge rule was created under DHS in 2019 and could deny immigrants access to green cards if they receive public benefits such as housing or food assistance.
“It was a cruel policy that was designed to instill fear in immigrant communities,” she said.
Macedo do Nascimento said with Mayorkas confirmed to lead DHS, she’s hoping he puts in place a clear timeline for more Trump policies to be reversed and for new immigration and asylum policies to be put in place.
“We understand that the Trump administration left a big, tangled web of terrible policies that will take a long time to untangle and undo, so we appreciate the new work that the new administration is putting in but we do also want to remind them that these are people’s lives and there are people who are still suffering because these policies are still in place, so the urgency is real,” she said. | <urn:uuid:b583f41c-d080-4a6a-b3a3-7bb3217d01de> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://holaamericanews.com/biden-rolls-back-trump-policy-on-separation-of-migrant-children-from-their-parents/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.954372 | 980 | 1.5 | 2 |
When I bought my first phone in 2003, a humble and durable Nokia 3310, it came with a detailed do’s and don’ts manual. I unboxed it, started using the manual cover to cover and followed the instructions – insert the battery into the phone and charge it overnight.
Years later, while expecting our first child, now almost an adult at the age of 10, I missed having a manual. Why in God’s name didn’t these small but extremely complex humans come with a manual?
Buy now | Our best subscription plan now has a special price
A decade of raising two children, who couldn’t be more different from each other, compelled me to get my hands on not one but five books that have helped me so far:
Secrets of the Baby Whisperer: How to Calm, Connect and Communicate with Your Baby
By Tracy Hogg with Melinda Blau
While What to Expect: The First Year has great advice on the months following pregnancy, Secrets of the Baby Whisperer helps you get inside the mind of your bundle of joy and unwrap it. Babies have different temperaments. It may seem odd that someone who is barely able to tell their elbow from their diaper should have a point of view, but understand that babies have temperaments and outlook, helped me deal with many seemingly random behaviors more calmly. Having a routine for the newborn and for me has made life much more manageable.
Tracy Hogg’s Golden Principle – “Start as you want to go on” has served me very well not only in the first few months, but for many years after. Even today, when faced with a situation of ‘Should I allow the children to eat in front of the TV?’ or similar, I ask myself first, would it be good if it became a habit? If so, fine; otherwise, proceed with caution.
Raising Boys: Why Boys Are Different and How to Help Them Become Happy, Balanced Men
Raising Girls in the 21st Century: Helping our girls grow up wise, strong and free
By Steve Biddulph, Paul Stanish (Illustrator)
At some point, the four-tempered world (which I learned from The Baby Whisperer) of infants and toddlers begins to become more complex, with gender becoming an additional variable. This is where Steve Biddulph held my hand. I started my journey as a second parent thinking that I would raise my son the same way I raised my daughter, of course, taking into account their temperament. I was so going to break the patriarchy in this generation. While this mission is on track and my two children help tidy up and prepare breakfast on the day the assistant needs a break, each had a different path to that end.
Thanks to Biddulph, I realized that boys generally need to know who’s boss. Thus, while asking for help for the the girl works better, the son must be ordered to help. The book talks about developmental milestones in each – how boys need more father attention after age 5, how girls need to slowly push the boundaries for themselves. Both children will need another adult they can turn to for guidance during their teenage years and I need to develop those relationships now so that I can trust the adult they turn to (Yes, parenthood requires a lot of work).
How to talk so kids will listen and listen so kids will talk
by Adele Faber, Elaine Mazlish, Kimberly Ann Coe (Illustrator)
So I had a playbook – one quite different from previous generations, one that believed children’s minds should be nurtured and not nullified by the “norms” of yesteryear. Great! But they are still children and while I would like to give them some autonomy and a sense of agency (crucial for trust), where and how do you draw the lines? The girl joined a new school and came back crying that she’s the only one who doesn’t have the latest iPad — do I have to shout at that ungrateful wretch? The son has come home in a murderous rage since the teacher scolded him for not paying attention — should I distract him and make him work harder?
How… focuses on actually understanding what the child is saying and finding ways to communicate your boundaries without cutting ties. Specifically, strategies that precede yelling and punishment and, if it happens to punishment, what is appropriate.
As in the above cases – the girl just needed to express something that she was feeling for the very first time and that I will always have to deal with in life, I just had to sit with her and be there; son benefited from imaginary punishments given to said teacher (he boiled him in oil, in case you want to know) and volunteered to say maybe he shouldn’t have play with his identity card.
What Everyone Says: An Ex-FBI Agent’s Guide to Reading People Quickly
by Joe Navarro, Marvin Karlins
It was never meant to be a parenting guide. I originally bought this to deal with tough area bosses at work. But it has proven useful for properly assessing emotions, as children may not be able to express exactly what they are feeling. Are they cranky out of frustration or insecurity? Were they angry or mean to the kid next door? Joe’s experience with spies and world leaders came to my rescue.
by Andre Agassi
When I determined my parenting style, the Mom Tiger was very popular. Your child has potential and you owe it to them to push to succeed. Open was the other side of the story – the perspective of a child who became the definition of success with tiger parenting but resented his parents. Her story helped me decide if I wanted more success or happiness for my children and if I could let them decide.
Prime: My current favorite is a show, lady secretary, on PrimeVideo. Managing two teenagers and an adult is no small feat, and it helps to see an involved father taking on the task.
(Pooja Sardana is an entrepreneur, philosopher, traveler, strong supporter of gender equality and mother of two children, a girl and a boy aged 10 and 7 respectively.)
For all the latest parenting news, download the Indian Express app. | <urn:uuid:5e1dd021-230c-4e31-b51a-928226fe69d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://platformania.com/five-books-that-saved-me-as-a-parent/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963297 | 1,313 | 1.648438 | 2 |
CARE in Conversation is a monthly lunch-time gathering to be in community with each other, while engaging in dialogue on issues related to power based violence.
Join CARE for coffee, cookies, and a conversation on the interconnections between sexual assault prevention and healthy sexuality . We'll unpack how norms around shame and victims blaming can contribute to a culture that enables violence, and how promoting healthy sexuality is an essential part of changing these norms and preventing violence. Optional RSVP at go.umd.edu/careinconversation
Date: Wednesday, May 4
Location: Room 2105, McKeldin Library
Please contact Charlotte at email@example.com
with any accessibility needs, or with any other questions. | <urn:uuid:3728aaa7-e05c-49a8-841b-70fa84fe2131> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSegM4YXeGqJEEIRKJ-PfpinGF-CQY7dtc91ZqbeUMgB87nVpw/viewform?usp=sf_link | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.895011 | 162 | 1.5 | 2 |
A lot of people wonder about acoustic amplifiers. Are they necessary? Why not use a regular electric guitar amp? How is it different from a PA, and why bother? All these questions are legitimate, and it might seem pointless at first. An acoustic guitar has a decent amount of volume, but it doesn’t take much to lose it when played with other, louder instruments. Take a large space and fill it out with people, and even your loud jumbo-sized acoustic won’t be completely audible to everyone in the room. There are many reasons to be looking into an acoustic amp, and the Joyo AC-20 has versatile features, and they make it an affordable solution for anyone looking to amplify their acoustic instrument.
I filmed some sound examples to give you an idea of what it’s capable of. I’ve also recorded my initial impression of the unit.
Why not an electric guitar amplifier?
You might wonder why you need an acoustic version of an amplifier and not just a regular guitar amp. The main thing to understand here is that electric amplifiers heavily colour the sound to reproduce the electric tones we know and love. Even when you are playing on a very clean setting, the preamp, power amp, and speakers (all different parts of the unit) work together to add character to the relatively anemic signal that comes out of your cable. If you’ve ever tried plugging your electric directly into a DI and listening to what comes out, you’ll know what I mean. Things are even more transformed with the addition of gain and clipping in the components.
Acoustic instruments are enjoyed by everyone for their natural, rich tones. This is why acoustic amplifiers exist; they simply reproduce the signal as well as they can. Speakers are full range to reproduce the entirety of the instrument’s sonic spectrum. This also means you can plug in any acoustic style instrument without colouring the signal as an electric guitar amplifier would. I’m thinking of mandolins, banjos, ukuleles, and the like. Effects are often added to enhance the playing and listening experience for the guitarist and the audience as well.
This is very similar to what a PA system does. You could think of an acoustic amplifier as a mini, portable PA system for your guitar. You won’t need stands, power amplifiers, and a console to make it work. It’s a much more manageable and convenient package.
Great features in a small package
The AC-20 is, first of all, very compact. This means you won’t have any trouble finding a place to set it or to store it. It has some weight to it, but nothing unmanageable. There’s a pair of 10W speakers, bringing the total power to 20 Watts—hence the 20 in AC-20. Both speakers are 5 inches in diameter. It has a very nice brown grill cloth, giving it a nice appearance. It also has a vintage feel, all while being unique.
There are two channels available. The first one is the guitar channel, which features a three band EQ and a volume knob. The second is intended for a microphone. It has a ¼ inch jack, which is unusual considering that most microphones are connected with XLR cables. Controls include a volume knob and a reverb, which is definitely a nice addition.
The effects section can send chorus, delay, and reverb to the guitar channel. Those three choices are probably the most used effects by acoustic players. All three of the effects are independent, with their own control knobs. Usually acoustic amplifiers will only let you set a single effect at a time, so this is good news for those who like to experiment.
There is an auxiliary input on the back panel of the unit. This will enable you to jam with your favourite recordings, or let you play with backing tracks as a one-person show. It is a 1/8th connector. The amplifier comes with a power adapter to plug it in the wall. Unfortunately, it cannot be powered by batteries. That is a shame, because this size of amplifier usually has that possibility. Even its big brother, the AC-40, has that feature.
Powerful amplification and settings
It’s very easy to dial in the AC-20. It’s largely due to the powerful EQ section. With a flat setting on my guitar’s electronics, it was easy for me to get a booming, thunderous tone or dial back the bass to get a more intimate, singing sound. Thanks to the mid control, it’s possible to enhance the character of an instrument without affecting any low end or top sparkle.
I have to say that the effects section really surprised me. At first, I thought it was awesome to have separate controls for each one of them. But the problem lies in the fact that even at minimal settings, they are very present and mixed in very loudly. At the beginning of the video, I’m playing with a minimal amount of chorus and delay on the dial, but it sounds like I’m going for an extremely wet sound. For my taste, it’s too much, and I wouldn’t be comfortable playing with such an amount of effects in most situations. I think I’d resort to using outboard effects.
Awesome tool for various situations
I’ve always liked acoustic amplifiers because they really put the emphasis on your playing and really help you practise. Everything is brought louder, and it’s easier to see where you need to put in some work. The AC-20 absolutely offers you the opportunity to hear yourself in this fashion. Also, singer songwriters will benefit from having a dependable tool that has a microphone input to work on their craft and material.
You can also use this unit to perform in small settings. It will help with playing and keeping up with other instruments, such as percussion and piano. While the volume is nice and loud, it may have trouble covering bigger rooms—especially if they are filled with people.
Check out the AC-20 and other Joyo products on Best Buy’s website (as well as my review of the Joyo MA-10A Acoustic Guitar Amplifier). | <urn:uuid:8eb5ef70-dfa7-4887-bc42-c3aa21b55761> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.bestbuy.ca/musical-instruments/joyo-ac-20-acoustic-amplifier-review | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963917 | 1,300 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Report-Gender concerns in the conflicts in North Rift Valley of Kenya
Between May and June 2016, The National Gender and Equality Commission (NGEC) joined the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights (KNCHR) in a public inquiry on insecurity in the North Rift Valley. The inquiry focused on security and Human Rights Violations. Gender Equality is as much a Human Right as it is a Social-Economic concern. The following report is based on observations and interviews conducted during the inquiry by Comm. Florence Wachira.
‘War violates every right of a child – the right to life, the right to be with family and community, the right to health, the right to development of the personality and the right to be nurtured and protected’– Graca Machel, 1996
The Counties in the North Rift Valley mainly Pokot, Baringo, Turkana and Elgeyo Marakwet have experienced an upsurge of violent conflicts between different communities.
These conflicts have involved pastoralist communities as well as agro-pastoralist communities over livestock and have existed over many years. Pastoral communities in arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) of Kenya depend on livestock for their livelihood. However, these ASALs are characterized by temporal and spatial climatic variation, making availability of resources uneven. Traditionally, cattle rustling often involved small-scale violence and theft of the best livestock or replacement of animals lost through drought or disease. Loss of human lives was rare, and when this occurred, compensation in the form of cattle was paid by the killers’ families to the victims or their families in case of death. However, in recent years, due to proliferation of small arms and commercialization of cattle rustling, there is an emergence of large-scale violence during cattle raiding between neighbouring pastoral communities in Kenya.
Gender Roles and Responsibilities
Pastoral Communities are mainly patrilineal and men are the Heads of Families. Women are regarded as lower than men in social hierarchy. They are considered to be children and part of a man’s property. Traditionally among the Pastoral Communities, men were responsible for looking after livestock and protecting their families from external aggressors. Women took care of children or worked in the farm and also performed domestic duties like cooking and fetching water. Children usually looked after goats and sheep but in the modern lifestyle, most attend school to attain formal education. The conflicts have caused a breakdown of this social order. They have affected traditional roles and responsibilities of men and women within the affected communities. The society is no longer stable since the gender roles and responsibilities have changed and keep changing.
Gender Concerns as a Result of the Conflict
Cattle rustling and banditry have led to the loss of many human lives and the displacement of various population groups. Women and children seem to have borne the brunt of these new forms of violence. Families have been scattered and displaced from what they called ‘home’ and lifestyles have been disrupted. Many families so destabilized and are now accommodated as Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). The results has been a lot of psychological trauma meted on couples that are affected, pain, bitterness and suspicion.
Majority of those killed or maimed in conflicts are men. This has left many families without a breadwinner and in abject poverty. Livestock in these communities is not only a source of wealth but is also a status symbol. A man who loses this livestock in conflicts suffers indignity as they put it due to the “shame of begging when you used to be rich”. A man without cattle is poor and since this is the currency for paying bride-wealth, it means he cannot marry. For married men, loss of cattle means “Death” especially if they now have to be fed by the wife(s). In some polygamous homes, wife(s) have ran away because the man lost his wealth in conflicts. Many men have turned to alcoholism and now idle about all day since they have nothing to do.The consequences have been increased domestic violence and break-up of marriages.
The increased conflicts have robbed many women of spouses and a source of livelihood. Displacement has disrupted lifestyles as women are moved to settlement centers with their children for security purpose. From these centers, women try to support their families through doing small businesses, hawking or burning and selling charcoal. As they engage in these businesses, many have been exposed to the risk of contracting HIV, some have turned to alcoholism. In some areas, it was reported that some women have been sent back to their parents if they were of a different ethnic group. Incidences of rape and abduction of women were also reported.
Many children have been left orphans and there are reported cases of increase in child-headed homes. Conflicts have separated children from their parents when they are accommodated by other families. This exposes them to hunger and malnutrition. Many babies have also died due to exposure to cold and from pneumonia as mothers sleep and hide in the bush and also because children miss out on vaccinations when mothers are displaced.
Many children are not going to school. According to the Mr. Josphat Nanok, governor of Turkana county, 60% of school going children are out of school. This is either due to lack of school fees due to poverty when the family wealth is stolen or because their schools have been closed, or vandalized or burnt. At times it is because children have been displaced from their home and cannot get an alternative school nearby. Many children are forced to repeat classes when they relocate. Many children are exposed to abuse, child marriages, and trauma. Child marriages have increased. Inter-ethnic conflicts has exposed children to hatred, suspicion, mistrust and bitterness. These are bound to affect their healthy development. The education of children has also been affected by lack of teachers when non-indigenous teachers leave as a result of conflicts.
The youth are heavily involved in the conflict usually as warriors/Morans. Many have lost their lives and majority have been maimed for life. Many have been disabled physically and emotionally and are now a bitter, suspicious lot. Many never went to school. They have nothing to do except taking part in the conflicts. A small proportion are employed as police reservists albeit with no training and therefore end up being the first casualties of the conflicts. Their being idle is forcing some to engage in anti-social activities like thuggery, drug peddling, etc. They are slowly being de-alienated from their communities because elders no longer have control over them. Many are married to teenage girls and have large families (6 -7 children) to take care of with no sustainable income.
Compiled by Dr. Florence Wachira, Commissioner, NGEC | <urn:uuid:6287a663-0d06-4de5-a3ed-a27acfd0243c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://ngeckenya.org/news/6150/report-gender-concerns-in-the-conflicts-in-north-rift-valley-of-kenya | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.979436 | 1,389 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Some issues and policies apply differently to LGBT+ people. Find out about your rights here.
Lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGBT+) issues
If you're an LGBT+ person, we can help you understand your rights and make sure they’re always respected.
You shouldn't be discriminated against because of who you are. If you've been treated badly, you can take action.
From transitioning later in life to arranging care, find out more about trans issues affecting older people.
Health and care services have a duty to provide care that is fair and equal, regardless of your identity.
There are lots of social opportunities out there, and some are specifically for older LGBT+ people.
Do you work in health or social care?
Our Safe to be me resource gives practical advice on supporting older LGBT+ people using your service. | <urn:uuid:4bc71ad7-8bec-4f53-9987-da4c5a4a73a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ageuk.org.uk/information-advice/health-wellbeing/relationships-family/lgbt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961269 | 174 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Today use to be Arthur’s Day. A day thought up as a marketing ploy by a multinational company to promote Guinness. It was an annual series of music events worldwide, originally organised in 2009 to promote the 250th anniversary of Guinness. it was scrapped in 2014 and despite the somewhat dodgy political tendency’s of the original Guinness family today is still a good day to celebrate that most Irish of drinks.
WHEN GUINNESS SAVED IRELAND
By Brighid O’Sullivan
Guinness? Seriously? As my grand daughter would say. How did that happen.
With the history of the Great Hunger barely hundred years before, I was surprised by this trivia fact. England wrought what some would call heartless vengeance onto her own people once again.
During the Second World War, Ireland remained neutral, despite the fact Northern Ireland was part of the United Kingdom. The mother country was deeply engaged in mortal combat with Germany.
This decision did not bode well with England. In fact, Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of England was furious and resented Ireland’s neutrality. In an effort to bring Ireland into the war, he implemented several strategic actions by controlling ports and shipping supplies to Ireland. These strategies had disastrous consequences, hitting the Irish population at its poorest.
With the European conflict raging, Churchill prepared to deliver several embargoes that would devastate Ireland; that is until she brought out her secret weapon to defend herself. Check out the facts below.
England ceased to transport the necessary supplies of fertilizer to Ireland. 100,000 tons remained in ports, a devastating blow to Ireland to be sure. Also the British supply of feeding stuff was slashed from six million to zero as well as petrol supplies. Trains stopped running as British coal remained in England as well.
Children felt it the quickest. With no wheat to be had, Ireland introduced a new kind of bread, the 100 Percent Black Loaves, made with ground bone or lime powder in the place of wheat flour. Does this sound familiar? During the Great Hunger the British substituted corn for potatoes, also a poor substitute Besides being a poor substitute, there was a more serious problem. The ingredients used to make the bread inhibited calcium absorption, leading to widespread cases of childhood rickets across the land. Rickets is caused by a Vitamin D deficiency and symptoms can include brittle bones, dental problems, muscle weakness, skeletal deformities and failure to thrive.
Ireland relied on exports for most of her existence. The Irish writer, George Bernard Shaw, stated, “the Irish are a powerless little cabbage garden.
Though on the surface this may have seemed true, Shaw underestimated Ireland as did the British. Ireland did not lose her Irish spirit nor her ingenuity and determination to survive. She learned this lesson from the British, beginning with the Reformation right down to the Great Hunger.
This time, Ireland had a secret weapon. Guinness!
In March 1942 the Irish government banned the export of beer to England! At the time England was consuming near a million barrels of Guinness beer annually.
Allied troops and the British army felt the sudden beer shortage the most and England’s elite commanders complained to Whitehall of their recruits’ disparities. A short time later an agreement was made between England and Ireland. Ireland would again receive coal, wheat, and fertilizers in exchange for Guinness beer. How’s that for hitting the British where it hurts?
- Brighid is the author of several books and a great Irish-American blog Celtic Thoughts here but you can get a free download of her e-book Ten Irish Heroines, The Women of the Rising by clicking here and following the simple instructions. Women played an active role in the Easter Rebellion of 1916. They were courageous, self-sacrificing, giving up everything for Ireland. This is a short book about ten of these extraordinary women. | <urn:uuid:29b68473-1fef-42cc-b379-ecafb7502243> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://londoncelticpunks.wordpress.com/2018/09/26/how-guinness-saved-ireland/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967409 | 794 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Dice is one of the oldest games on earth. The fact that dice is a passive leisure activity and the people that play it consider it fun is the reason why over all those years the game has not lost its relevance. Games are important for the mind because they are the way that it is able to refocus. The metabolism of the body is improved by the games that are active in nature and that is one more advantage health wise. The games are thus really healthy for the body and that is why everyone should engage in them.
Demand has been created by the people that wish to learn how to play dice and that is why it has gained a lot of popularity in the recent years. For the traditional version and the online version, the dice companies that have been set up by the investors have been able to give the people a platform to learn and play dice. They also sell dice to people who wish to take the game home and enjoy at their convenience. These dice companies have a lot to offer to the client that values the game and that is why they have a lot to gain. In the making of the decision about the dice company the client is faced by a number of challenges. That is why when they want to buy the dice they should consider a number of factors.
Consideration should be given to the reputation of the company. The reputation is what the market has to say about your services. The manufacturer should ensure that the dices are fair so that the client will be able to have even chances at winning. That means that the client should first do some survey about what the other clients that bought their dices at the company in the past have to say about them. That therefore means the client should choose the dice company that has the best of reputations because that way they can expect good products.
The second factor is the budget. The budget refers to the cost that the dices come in. The dices come in different design and that is why there are a variety of them in the market. The research of the client should have been able to list the dice according to the best first and that is what the client should be able to consider. The budget is common to all clients and it is created as the consideration is on the resources at their disposal. The dice that the client buys should be affordable. | <urn:uuid:d588937f-85ab-4c2f-a867-5a54244003e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://geoindex.us/2018/10/30/if-you-read-one-article-about-sales-read-this-one/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.985692 | 469 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Smart Traffic Lights
Mehaniq @ stock.adobe.com
A network of traffic lights powered with sensors, machine vision, and IoT communication protocols designed to improve traffic interactions between vehicles and pedestrians. Smart traffic lights work by extracting data from sensors, which in turn feed the traffic lights with information regarding pedestrians' speed while crossing the street as well as the daily amount of vehicles circulating at a certain intersection. Also, approaching bikes and vehicles mounted with GPS and wireless connectivity can send signals to traffic lights, thus warning the system to better plan whenever to shutdown a crossroad as the vehicles approach. With the help of machine learning algorithms, the smart lights can understand traffic volume while making real-time changes. This technological solution helps improve traffic flows, besides preventing possible accidents produced by poorly communicated traffic modes. | <urn:uuid:f690e1f3-cc64-4a4e-88dd-f4c11b858b19> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techdetector.de/applications/smart-traffic-lights | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.931413 | 159 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Our second instalment in our jewellery around the world series, this week, we decided to shine a light on the glamorous and infatuating world of Indian jewellery.
Today, India is famed for its hypnotic dizzying atmosphere, stunning architecture, delicious cuisine and gorgeous landscape. From the chaotic and wild exciting streets of Delhi to the blushing pink city of Jaipur, this country continues to enthral backpackers, yogi seekers and families alike.
India’s culture is one-of-a-kind, and it’s jewellery is in an entire league of its own. Unlike other countries, for centuries India had vast deposits of Gold and gemstones. Not only did this mean that it had a head start in creating elaborate, vibrant and decadent pieces, but it also established vital global trade links too.
To understand more about Indian jewellery, first we will take a little look at India’s incredible and vast history.
The Little History of India
It is no secret that India has a colossal history. From a multiplicity of religions to independent governed states, India’s history has dramatically changed each century. So, we have briefly collated together an overview of India’s history, offering you a glimpse into its diverse past.
Historians believe that the history of India begins in 2500 BCE with the Harrapan civilisation. The Harrapan civilisation grew in Western India and in regions of Pakistan. Part of the Indus Valley, which also had the ancient urban civilisations of Egypt, Mesopotamia and China, this civilisation was discovered during the 1920s where the ruins of two old merchant cities called Mohenjodaro and Harappa were unearthed.
Amazing discoveries from these two cities showed a myriad of Gold and Silver ornaments, toys, pottery wares, and war weapons. This suggests, especially within a Western gaze, that this society was sophisticated, a highly-developed civilisation, and established within world trade.
In ancient India, there were two religions, Buddhism and Hinduism. Early Hinduism is traced to the Vedic civilisation which lived along the Saraswati river, and in regions of Haryana and Punjab. By the 7th and early 6th centuries BCE, India had 16 great powers known as Mahajanpadas with both republics and monarchical states. During these centuries, Buddhism was born.
In 326 BCE, Alexander the Great invaded India, resulting in a battle between King Porus (ruler of the kingdoms between the rivers of Jhelum and Chenab) and Alexander’s warriors. Interestingly, ancient accounts tell of the Indian army using elephants in battle which both amazed and terrified the Macedonians, and has contributed to cultural connotations of India in the eyes of the west. However, the Indian army lost, meaning that Alexander now governed his territory.
Drawing of the Phalanx Attacking the Centre in the Battle of the Hydaspes, André Castaigne, c.1899, Source – Wikimedia Commons
After Alexander’s death in 323 BCE, The Mauryan Empire began (322 – 185 BC). Here, India’s politics, trade, art and commerce elevated as the fragmented republics and monarchical states unified. Plus, India’s trade with other countries grew exponentially. The Mauryan Empire governed the whole territory of Hindu Kush, Bengal, Afghanistan, Balochistan, Nepal and Kashmir. One of India’s most famed kings Ashoka ruled during this time, yet he was succeeded by weak rulers which encouraged the old provinces to want their independence back.
After this, there were multiple dynasties that ruled India. Between 1st century AD and the mid 3rd century AD, India was ruled by the Kushana dynasty which was instrumental in spreading Buddhism across Asia. Between the mid 3rd century and early 6th century AD, India was ruled by the Gupta dynasty, which is often referred to as one of India’s Golden ages. As the Gupta’s reign declined, there were several invasions by the Huns.
Ancient Coin of the Gupta King Chandragupta II, Photograph by the British Museum, Source – Wikimedia Commons
During the 7th century, in North India, Harshavardhana ruled. He was known for being extremely diplomatic, tolerant and able to maintain good trade links and communication with Chinese rulers.
Between the 6th and 8th century, in South India, the Chalukyas of Badami ruled. And, in the last quarter of the 6th century to the 9th century, the Pallavas of Kanchi also became a major power, building many temples, palaces and creating beautiful art and literature.
Medieval India not only saw huge changes in religion, but the political map of the country drastically oscillated from independent to unified states.
Historians say that medieval India began in the 9th century. For the first 300 years India was ruled by a range of rulers and dynasties including the Palas, the Senas, the Pratihara, the Rashtrakutas and the Chola empire.
Despite, Hinduism and Buddhism becoming fully established in India’s ancient history, it was during India’s medieval period that Islam started to take root. In 1175 A.D Muhammed Ghori successfully invaded India which started a decisive rule and the spread of Islam in North India.
Between 1206 and 1526, this period of history is known as the Delhi Sultanate period, where five dynasties ruled in Delhi and Islam became more apparent.
- The Slave Dynasty (1206-90) – This dynasty was important in South Asia’s history as slaves were raised to status of Sultan, and it was the first Muslim dynasty that ruled India.
- The Khiliji Dynasty (1290-1320) – This was the first Muslim rule of India whose empire covered pretty much the whole of the country we know today.
- Tughlaq Dynasty (1320-1413) – Succeeded by the Governor of Punjab, the Tughlaq Dynasty extended the kingdom into central Asia. Although the Tughlaq’s ruled until 1413, the invasion of King Timur in 1398 brought it to an end.
- Sayyid Dynasty (1414-1451) – This time in Indian history was peppered with confusion and revolts.
- Lodhi Dynasty (1451-1526) – with a view to restore India to is Delhi Sultanate glory, many more territories were regained in this period.
Between 1526 and 1565, India was part of the Vijayanagar Empire. This saw the development of cordial relations between India and Portugal, as well as sculpture, dance and music becoming encouraged.
What’s more, during this time, there was also the Bahmani kingdom which was a predominantly Muslim kingdom.
The Delhi Sultanate period and the Bahmani kingdom shows that Islam was a strong and fervent religion in medieval India. However, the Bhakti movement saw the rise and revolution of Hinduism. The Bhakti movement had roots in the 12th and 13th century, yet it really started to gain traction during the 15th, 16th and 17th century.
Yet, when you think of medieval India, you are likely to think of the Mughal Empire. The Mughal Empire was one of the greatest empires in the entire history of the world! Not only was India finally united under one rule, but there were huge cultural and political changes. As you can see above, India had many split Hindu and Muslim kingdoms that were not only constantly changing but also always at war. So much so it can be hard to keep track!
Babar Receives A Courtier, Farukkh Beg, c.1580-85, Source – Wikimedia Commons
Established by Babar, the great grandson of Genghis Khan in 1526, the Mughal empire lasted into 1857 when Britain invaded. There were many innovations during the Mughal empire:
- Under the rule of Sher Shah Suri, there was an establishment of effective public administration, justice systems, roads, transport links and civil works.
- During the rule of Akbar, there were many liberal policies towards non-Muslims, religious innovations, a land revenue system and his famous Mansabdari system which became the basis for military organisation and civil administration.
- Under the rule of Jehangir, the Mughal empire experienced a time of religious tolerance, where art, literature and architecture prospered.
- During the rule of Shah Jahan, the Mughal empire experienced unparalleled prosperity and peace. This was when the famous Red Fort, Jama Masjid and Taj Mahal was built.
- However, when Aurangzeb ruled, the Mughal empire started to break down, and on his death in 1707, the money that once flourished in India was no more. Rebellions broke out with motivations to enforce the independent and semi-independent states of former regions. So, the empire rapidly shrank to occupy a small district around Delhi. During this time India was largely an amalgamation of Hindu, Buddhism, Islam and Sikhism, with some Christian and Jewish sects also.
India and the British Empire
Although historical accounts and historians believe that India was part of the British empire from 1857, the first British conquest of India was 100 years prior in 1757 at the Battle of Plassey. Although this was a success in the eyes of Britain, understandably in India there were numerous localised revolts.
Portrait of East India Company Official, c.1760-1764, Dip Chand, Source – Wikimedia Commons
Due to this discontent and disgust with British rule, in 1857 a mutiny began. There were many factors as to why this occurred. The systemic racism and prejudice meant that many Indians could not attain positions of hierarchy and, as all of the best jobs were reserved for Europeans, there were large economic gaps between the wealthier European commanders and the poorer Indian leaders and communities. Not to mention, the British were staunchly Christian and India had large Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist and Muslim communities.
At first, this revolt was led by military soldiers at Meerut, but it quickly gained traction throughout the country, posing a significant threat to British rule. However, this revolt was quashed by the British, and in 1858 Queen Victoria officially declared that India would be governed by a British monarch.
Photograph of the Maharaja of Patiala and Attendants, Samuel Bourne, c.1870, Source – British Journal of Photography
Allegedly Queen Victoria ‘won over’ the local Indian princes and rulers by giving them her support. However, this did neglect the large majority of the population. So, although British rule was established, and some discrepancies were smoothed over, there was still plenty of unrest and disgust. This led to the establishment of the Indian National Movement.
A famous leader of the Indian National Movement was Mahatma Gandhi who developed the novel technique of non-violent agitation. This also evolved into the Non-Cooperation Movement and the Civil Disobedience Movement, both which scared the British tremendously. At the outbreak of World War Two, India was, as can be expected, aggrieved at being declared a warring state. In 1942 this culminated in the Quit India movement, which created large-scale violence across the country directed at institutions of colonial rule.
After the second World War, the establishment of the Labour party in Britain led to more cordial relations between the British and India. This was where the independence of both India and Pakistan started to take place. At this point, although there were many Christians in India, there were many Hindus and Muslims. The northern Muslim territories were adamant that they wanted there own separate government and country, which essentially meant that Pakistan was officially created. A constituent assembly was formed and despite Indian independence day taking place in 1947, the official constitution was passed in 1950.
Indian jewellery from ancient civilisations to present day
As you can see from above, India has truly had a fascinating yet tumultuous history. So, how did this impact their jewellery creations?
The jewellery of the Indus valley civilisations were simplistic in design. Crafted from beads, strings, and stones, these understated ornaments may pale in comparison to India’s later glittering creations. Yet, they were indicative of how sophisticated India’s early civilisations were. The craftsman of the Indus valley used Carnelian, Agate, Turquoise, Steatite and Feldspar; these gemstones were crafted into tubular shapes and were decorated with carvings, dots and patterns.
In fact, many of these designs resonate with modern Indian women. For example, the Gold sheet forehead ornament is one that many women still wear today.
For more than 2000 years, India was the sole supplier of gemstones to the world. Vast cachés of Rubies, Emeralds, Diamonds, Gold and other gemstones were found in its arid and luscious landscapes. For rulers, jewels were a sign of prestige and power, establishing both social and economic security and status.
Sculptures at Bharhut, Sanchi and Amaravati depict jewellery worn by both men and women. Artworks from around India show dancers at temples glistening in Gold and religious figures like Hindu Gods and Goddesses were bedecked in jewellery. This started temple jewellery, an accessible style that eventually trickled into the trousseau collections of brides to be.
Gold Babul Work Brooch, Made in Delhi, c.1853, Source – The Victoria and Albert Museum
Remember when we said that you probably associate the lavish history of India with the Mughal empire? Well, the Mughal empire created a vast amount of incredible jewellery. Here, the fusion of Indian and central Asian styles really came into fruition. Intricate enamel work blossomed, and ancient Indian designs were adapted to include floral, geometric and nature-inspired motifs.
Unlike other jewellery trends that come and go, Indian jewellery generally appears to stick to a repetitive colour palette of green, red and white, and encrusting their jewellery with multiple gemstones. Goldsmiths intensely used Emeralds, Rubies and Diamonds in their pieces. The gemstones not only had aesthetic weight, but they also had spiritual weight too. It is no secret that India was and still is a deeply spiritual country, and many wore these gems as protective talismans. Gold and Silver were not only precious metals by nature, but they are also sacred. Gold and Silver jewellery was considered lucky and were often bought and worn on auspicious occasions.
Gold, Diamond, Ruby and Emerald Turban Ornament, Made in the Mughal Empire, Early 18th Century, Source – The Victoria and Albert Museum
During colonial rule, the cross cultural influences of Russia and Europe impacted jewellery creations immensely. Indian princes and local chiefs bought jewellery from the great names of Cartier and Van Cleef & Arpels.
The Canning Jewel, A Gift from the Prince of House Medici in Florence to a Moghul Emperor in India, c.1850-60, Source – The Victoria and Albert Museum
A direct impact of this was that these distinct Indian jewellery designs started to be requested by British and European nobility. Notably, one of Cartier’s famous ‘tutti frutti’ style was inspired by South Indian flowers and traditional Indian gowns.
Today, Indian jewellery can be categorised into 3 different types: temple jewellery, spiritual jewellery and bridal jewellery. Temple jewellery is bright, beautiful and heavy chunky jewellery, and adorned the idols of Indian deities, Gods and Goddesses in Indian temples around the country. Temple jewellery is also worn by persons on occasions and festivals as it is believed to bring good luck to the wearer and bind them closer to their belief systems.
Spiritual jewellery is closely intertwined with temple jewellery, yet spiritual jewellery contains motifs and materials that have specific deep meaning attached. For example there are the Rudrashka beads which are the seeds of the Eliocarpus Ganitrus tree. This tree is rare in India, and is believed to play an important role in a spiritual seeker’s life as the seeds are Lord Shiva’s tears, the God of eternal cycle of creation and destruction.
Image of Rudrashka Mala Prayer Beads, Source – Wikimedia Commons
Another example of spiritual jewellery is the use of the AUM symbol and the Mandala symbols. These symbols were and still are worn around the neck as amulets and as protection.
For bridal jewellery, there is a tradition of gifting women Gold jewellery on her wedding day as it will provide financial security for her new life. Traditional Indian bridal jewellery is heavily bedecked in red stones and Gold. Indian bridal jewellery consists of necklace, earrings, nose rings, Gajra (a necklace made from jasmine flowers), oversized rings, heavy anklets, bracelets, and Kamarbandh (a bejewelled belt-like piece of jewellery that hangs around the waist).
In the 1950s and 1960s the emergence of Bollywood films dramatically changed Indian fashion and culture. It is known that Bollywood films majorly changed the way that Sarees were designed, with the Bollywood saree being highly embellished, colourful and tighter around the body. To complement this form of dress and to captivate the audience, jewellery was bolder, larger and more elaborate.
Indian Jewellery Techniques and Styles:
With jewellery so embedded with Indian culture, it won’t come as no surprise that there are a wealth of Indian jewellery techniques and specific styles. So, we have collated a few of these below.
Kundun: A traditional form that originated in the royal courts of Rajasthan and Gujarat, the Kundun method has been used extensively throughout the history of Indian jewellery. This is where gemstones are set in pure Gold foil between the stones and its mount. The word Kundun itself means highly refined Gold. This type of jewellery is also referred to as Bikaneri or Jaipuri jewellery. Interestingly, the enamelling and use of vivid colours is on the reverse, whereas the Kundun setting is on the front.
Jadau: Introduced to India by the Mughals, Jadua jewellery is a type of jewellery that extensively uses the Kundun method, yet it does differ slightly. Jadau is primarily an engraved jewellery work and is often worn during engagements and weddings.
Polki: Polki jewellery is traditional Indian Diamond jewellery. Interestingly, this is actually an affordable Diamond jewellery as it uses uncut Diamonds. This makes Polki jewellery gorgeous and beautifully raw in both texture and appearance. Like Jadua jewellery, Polki jewellery originated in the Mughal period and was a speciality within Bikaner. Throughout time, Polki jewellery accrued other popular gemstones like Rubies and Pearls, making its way into bridal trousseau.
Meenakari: Meenakari is an art of painting and embellishing various types of metals with vivid colours. In western jewellery, this is known as enamelling. Yet, Meenakari is distinct in the fact that it often portrays floral and fauna motifs. Meenakari Gold is mainly practised and made in Jaipur, Benarus and Delhi, whereas Meenakari Silver is done in Udaipur, Bikaner and Nathdwara and Meenakari Glass is done in Pratapgarh. Interestingly, Meenakari is a technique that is passed from one generation to another and to make one piece of jewellery, it would pass through several artisans.
Meenakari Bangle, Made in Jaipur, c.1850, Source – Victoria and Albert Museum
Karanphool Jhumka: Karanphool Jhumka are a distinctive style of earrings that are exclusively Indian in origin created in the Mughal period. Karanphool translates to ‘flower for the ear’, and is a round disc that sits on the earlobe. The Jhumka is an inverted cup or bell-shape which can vary in size depending on the style and price of the piece. The earrings have rich spiritual symbolism meaning eternal life and the blessings of spiritual awareness. These two components can be detached to be worn individually. Depending on the region in which these earrings are created, they can vary in design. For example in Rajasthan, the Jhumka is often set in Gold with uncut Diamonds, Rubies, Emeralds and Sapphires, whereas in other parts of India, the Jhumka is just created from solid Gold.
Karanphool Jhumka Earrings, Made in Calcutta, c.1853, Source – The Victoria and Albert Museum
Navaratna: Part of the bridal trousseau, the Navaratna is a traditional nine-stone pendant. Typically, this is square in style with eight semi-precious gemstones around the edge and a Diamond in the centre.
Mangal Sutra: The Mangal Sutra is a customary jewellery in Hindu households and worn by married women. This custom dates back to the 6th century, where a single yellow thread was tied around the bride to ward off the evil eye. Today, the Mangal Sutra is made with black beads that absorb negative vibrations and creates everlasting happiness for the couple.
Mang Tikas: Another must-have for an Indian bride’s trousseau is Mang Tikas. Elaborate hair accessories, Mang Tikas are draped over the head with a central pendant-style feature resting on the forehead. This elaborate piece of jewellery not only completes the bridal jewellery look, but it is a distinct and recognisable part of Indian jewellery.
Nose Ring: Widely worn today in western jewellery and a form of body modification, nose rings are central to Indian jewellery and their culture. These are known as Naths, a small ring embedded with gemstones. Naths are part of other Indowestern attires and are an ethnic attire of Sarees and Lehenga.
Gold Nath, Made in Gujranwala, c.1853, Source – The Victoria and Albert Museum
Bindi: Considered to be the nucleus of Indian beauty, Bindis are central to Indian culture and are a key symbol of Indian pride. A decoration placed on the forehead of a woman, traditionally the Bindi was aligned with Hindu beliefs. In Hinduism, it is believed that the 6th chakra is in the centre of your forehead. Here, the placement of the Bindi was believed to help enhance your wisdom. Today, you can find both simplistic or ornate Bindis, with some created from gemstones and metals. Bindi’s have become increasingly popular in western fashion, yet this has made them a target of cultural appropriation.
We hope you have enjoyed reading and learning about this incredible period of history! If you would like to read more of our ‘Jewellery Around the World’ instalments, below are our past and present features: | <urn:uuid:caac746e-a334-4a13-8191-e478a95c7370> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://luxiousjewellery.com/jewellery-around-the-world-indian-jewellery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965777 | 4,906 | 2.8125 | 3 |
24. Solve problems with money.
a. Identify nickels and quarters by name and value.
b. Find the value of a collection of quarters, dimes, nickels, and pennies.
c. Solve word problems by adding and subtracting within one dollar, using the $ and ¢ symbols appropriately (not including decimal notation).
Example: 24¢ + 26¢ = 50¢
Alabama Alternate Achievement Standards | <urn:uuid:f605b7f6-d29e-4085-8338-0127950e510b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://alex.state.al.us/learningasset_view.php?asset_id=392&res_id=392&res_type=LA | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.8328 | 115 | 3.9375 | 4 |
Aphasia has made it to Broadway. Or, at least, it has made it to off-off-Broadway stage in the form of Megan Bussiere’s new play, Talk to Me. The show recently ran from June 28 – 30 at Theater Lab in New York. We spoke to Bussiere after the run so she could tell us how the play came to be as well as where it’s going next.
About the Play
According to Broadway World, “Talk to Me follows a support group for people living with aphasia. When they discover that the clinic is in danger of closing, they all band together in an elaborate plan to raise awareness about aphasia and save their community.”
Bussiere’s background is in speech therapy and storytelling. The idea for the play came from Bussiere’s experience leading an aphasia support group at Kean University.
“It was such an enlightening experience,” Bussiere explains. “I had learned about aphasia in class, but it was my first time really communicating with people with aphasia. I was really blown away by the heart and dedication of the people fighting to be heard. The stories stuck with me. The people stuck with me.”
Writing the Play
This is Bussiere’s first play, though she has written several since, and the show has been shaped by workshops and feedback from people with aphasia, caregivers, and speech therapists. She wanted to be careful not to speak for people with aphasia, but instead to help bring their world to the general public by incorporating their thoughts and feelings into her script.
Avi Golden served as an aphasia consultant on the production, and they also had an actor in the play — John Daggan — who is a stroke survivor and has aphasia. Daggan’s insight was invaluable.
“When the cast met him on day one, it really changed everything,” Bussiere says. “They had all done their research ahead of time, and I had sent them a lot of resources to study up on what aphasia was. But when they met him and talked to him, it was seeing the same thing I went through all those years ago. That same experience of realizing how special it is to see someone communicating who has to fight for it. One of the big takeaways for someone in the cast was that he was focusing on the struggle of communicating, but when he spoke to John, the actor with aphasia, he realized that there’s so much joy that he has in communicating. Every sentence he says and every word he says is really a triumph.”
Next Steps for the Production
Bussiere is still processing the success of the show, and she is grateful for the enormous outpouring of support for the production. “My initial goal was to do it once and appreciate every moment of it. But I really was so blown away by the amount of support and interest that came in, too. I have a lot of people I’ve been talking to or that I have meetings set up with who want to help me brainstorm ways to take this further,” she says. “I very much believe that there will another production at some point in the future.”
All images: Toktam Tayefeh | <urn:uuid:2d9df566-feb8-4fe3-912b-d80340a09ea9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aphasia.org/stories/aphasia-stage-talk-to-me/?fbclid=IwAR1ikFBYILZkigt-QQtFERBAOOxv2JT3tjnJBqtVxYU0hKUUjkbXhAtQooY | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.984668 | 707 | 1.679688 | 2 |
There is something peaceful about living in Wellsville. We have the mountains behind us and the mouth of Sardine Canyon to the south. When fall hits, the colors on the trees come alive. Unfortunately, there is something out there that wants to ruin your peaceful living. Imagine all the things you love about your home. You can keep the temperatures nice and even, you have fresh water and food. Everything you love about your home is what brings in the pests. They want your food and they love the even temperatures. Some pests like bed bugs don’t care for your food; they just want to eat you. If you have a pest infestation, you don’t need to panic. There is a simple solution. All you need to do is give Elevate Pest Control a call. When you are looking for pest control in Wellsville, look no further than Elevate Pest Control.
We know pests
Since we are a local pest control company, we understand the pests that are specific to Wellsville. Our technicians know how to identify pests. Being able to identify them is extremely important in pest control. Not all pests are created the same. The method for treating spiders is completely different than the way we treat bed bugs. You can’t even use the same eradication techniques for different species of wasp. What works for one, won’t necessarily work for another. Because our technicians understand pests, we are able to implement the principles of Integrated Pest Management or IPM. When we use IPM we are able to target pest species with a variety of control options and hit them in every stage of life. When you call Elevate Pest Control, you are putting our years of pest control expertise to work for you. That means you will be able to reclaim your home and yard from pesky pests. We are serious about Wellsville pest control.
There are reasons they are called pests. Cockroaches spend time eating garbage and sewage, then run across your kitchen counter, or the food you are about to eat. All of the bacteria, viruses and parasites get transmitted into your food. If you have any one in your home that suffers from asthma, cockroaches are going to make it worse. Paper wasps love building nests on the eaves of your home. If they decide to make their nests above your porch, you will get attacked every time you leave your house. Mice and rats are vectors for diseases. They can transmit illnesses to you through their feces, urine, and salvia. If you get bit by a rat, you could contract rat-bite fever. If you breathe in dust particles from mice feces, you could come down with Hanta virus. The structural integrity of you home can be jeopardized by termites. You don’t have to live with a pest infestation. If you see spiders, insects, or rodents and you want them gone, give us a call. At Elevate Pest Control we are serious about pest eradication.
Other Service Areas in Utah:
If you do not see your location on the list, please contact us to learn more about our service areas. | <urn:uuid:23abeac2-cec6-4072-8da9-1d5ead30f719> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://elevatepestcontrol.com/pest-control-wellsville-utah/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944033 | 649 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Chapter 5 : Queen Mary
Mary began her triumphal journey to London. Elizabeth, miraculously recovered from the mysterious illness that had prevented her from sending so much as a word of support to her sister, joined her at Wanstead.
On 30th July, Northumberland was brought to London. Only the guards’ orders to protect him kept him from being lynched by the furious mob.
Four days later, Mary entered her capital, where she had always been popular. She was greeted with jubilation, with church bells and with banners reading ‘Vox populi, Vox Dei' (the voice of the people is the voice of God).
Whilst Mary, for reasons both personal and political, was prepared to forgive most of the conspirators, even the Duke of Suffolk, there was no reprieve for Northumberland. He was tried on 18th August, with his son, John, Earl of Warwick, and the Marquis of Northampton. Presiding was the old Duke of Norfolk, who had been in the Tower since 1546.
Northumberland, having pointed out that almost all of his judges were as guilty as he, confessed his guilt and sought mercy. At the very least, he requested that he be executed as a nobleman, by beheading, rather than the hanging, drawing and quartering that commoners suffered.
All were found guilty, and four others condemned the following day, including Northumberland’s brother, Sir Andrew Dudley, his brother-in-law, Sir John Gates, and his friend Sir Thomas Palmer.
Northumberland then startled his friends and horrified Jane by being reconciled to the Catholic faith, saying he had erred and been led astray for sixteen years. He reaffirmed his new-found old faith on the scaffold, but, if it was a ploy to win mercy, it did not work. He was executed, as were Gates and Palmer. The others were eventually pardoned.
Meanwhile, Jane was still in the Tower. She had been moved from the royal apartments, and was in the care of the Lieutenant, Sir John Brydges (later granted Sudeley Castle). Mary was determined to protect her cousin. She accepted that Jane had been overwhelmed by others, and refused to countenance her death, despite urging, particularly from the Imperial Ambassador, who, having done nothing to help Mary, now sought to control her.
Eventually, Jane and Guilford were tried at the Guildhall, along with Cranmer. All three were found guilty, but there was no move to have the sentences carried out. The terms of Jane and Guilford’s confinement were relaxed somewhat, and they were allowed to receive visitors and take exercise.
All might have been well and the couple eventually released, if Jane’s father had not foolishly embroiled himself in a further rebellion and again proclaimed Jane as queen. A second attempt on her throne could not be overlooked, and Mary made the reluctant decision that Jane and Guilford must be executed.
There was yet a chance of reprieve. Mary sent her chaplain, Dr Feckenham, to persuade Jane to embrace Catholicism. Despite Jane appreciating the priest’s kindness, she could not bend – to abjure her faith would result in eternal damnation. She was executed on 13th February 1554, certain that she would wake in Paradise. | <urn:uuid:48b91308-5a05-4b3d-934b-63e7d98cb597> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tudortimes.co.uk/politics-economy/the-1553-succession-crisis/queen-mary | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.99287 | 700 | 3.15625 | 3 |
The oud, which has an impressive sound and appeals to many traditions; It is a stringed and plectrum instrument, which is also among the traditional Turkish instruments. Oud is a fretless instrument. It is used as 11, 12 or 13 strings. In the musical instrument, which has 6 different string groups, the top string is known as the bam string. This wire can be used as 11 and 13 wires when used alone, and as 12 wires when used in pairs. The reason for this difference is the traditional use. Bam string has a very important place especially in Turkish music. The types and detailed explanation of the oud, which has visual and auditory aesthetics, are as follows.
Apart from standard case ouds, there are many types of ouds in our production. If we list the most known of them;
Wooden Trough Length: 49.5 cm.
Neck Length: 19.5 cm.
Wooden Trough Length: 51.5 cm.
Neck Length: 20 cm.
Wooden Trough Length: 52 cm.
Neck Length: 20.5 cm.
Wooden Trough Length: 49.5 cm.
Neck Length: 19.5 cm.
STRUCTURE OF OUD
The chamber, which is made by adding tree slices to each other, forming the main body of the oud and multiplying the sound, is called a wooden trough. The wooden trough is the main part that houses the cover and the parts on the cover. A wide variety of woods can be used in wooden trough construction (walnut, butterfly, rosewood, oak, rose, plum, mahogany, hornbeam, paduk, ebony, etc.).
It is the most sensitive part of the instrument. It has a primary effect on the quality and volume of the sound. In other words, the wooden cover should be well dried. On the upper part of the cover, there is a lower threshold (sound threshold), cages and where the plectrum was shot. In order for the thin and wide-surfaced cover to withstand tensions and pressures, there are seven balconies at the bottom (the laths on the inside that ensure the cover’s strength and tone ratio) that are attached to the cover at regular intervals. It has effects on the sound that will be produced. Changes in material, size and location create different results in terms of the sound obtained.
Keyboard (Finger Tapping)
The keyboard is the area where the notes are. It uses ebony or rosewood in this area. Since it is a very hard wood, it prevents the keyboard from wearing out during playing, minimizes the tuning distortion in cold-hot environments, and thus extends the service life of the percussions. When we examine the types of oud, it is possible to encounter long or short keyboard images.
The part where the strings are fixed and tuned at the end is called the pegs holes, and the parts where the strings are wound on the auger are called “tuning peg”. Ebony, rosewood, rose, boxwood, hornbeam and pvc are used. Especially ebony and rosewood trees are recommended. Tuning pegs tighten or loosen wires by rotating them over tapered drill holes.
The pegs holes, on the other hand, makes an angle with the neck back at certain degrees and there are tuning peg holes on it, the number of which varies according to the oud types. It is made of ebony and rosewood trees. Thanks to the guitar grips on the design ouds in our products, it is possible to fine-tune the tuning.
Tunes and Strings
The oud has 4 chords. This information varies according to the Turkish, Arab, Syrian and Iraqi oud differences. Different tunings can be made within them. An example template is as follows.
Oud strings are made of silk. Silver-wound wires are also used most of the time. There are 11 or 12 strings on the oud, five double strings from bottom to top and a single string at the top. New generation types with 13 strings are also available in our production. Vibration waves turn into sound as a result of the vibration of the strings with the blows of the plectrum and the transmission of the vibration to the soundboard over the threshold. In short, as in all other stringed instruments, the primary element that creates sound is the strings.
OUD MAINTENANCE AND PROTECTION
In order to use your oud for many years, you need to take care of it and maintain it well. It is necessary to store the oud at room temperature. Polishing should be done once a year in order not to deteriorate the wood quality (except for the cover). Hands must be clean while playing the oud. This will keep the chest board clean and increase wire life. Changing the strings every six months will contribute to keeping the sound quality at a high level. If you are not going to play for a long time, it is good practice to leave the strings loose.
Since the front board of the oud is light in color, it is likely to get dirty. The breast and hull of the oud should never be cleaned with a wet cloth, soap, or chemicals such as alcohol. Any dust or stains on the oud should be wiped with a dry cloth.
In cases where the auger gets stuck, it is necessary not to use substances such as soap and oil. In this case, an alternative solution would be to loosen it with powder.
When the oud is not played, it should be kept face down (on the chest board) in a lighted cabinet. It is not correct to keep the oud in humid environments, excessive sunlight or indoor and hot environments. If you’re in a damp environment, it’s a good practice to keep them in a light-filled cabinet in as little dampness as possible. Finally, as with every musical instrument, a bag should be used when carrying the oud as the main method of protection from possible harm. | <urn:uuid:6752c7cb-3c42-4da4-86d7-a9737b549cdb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://saz.com.tr/2021/08/24/ud-nedir/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.939368 | 1,310 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Desire a digital format of the hard copy of any doc? Cloud computing service supplier uses rolling backup expertise to backup data. The pc trade is made up of all of the businesses concerned in creating pc software program , designing laptop hardware and pc networking infrastructures, the manufacture of pc components and the supply of information know-how services together with system administration and maintenance. Many other kinds of academic media tools are readily available to teachers and students. Televisions, VCR and DVD players, projectors, Smartboards, SmartTable, overhead calculators, video iPods, digital cameras, video cameras, flash drives and a group of educational software titles are in the lecture rooms or housed in the computer lab, library and laptops to be used.
Speech and listening to problems alone don’t typically intrude with computer use. However, superior speech synthesizers are close enough to human high quality to act as substitute voices and thus provide a compensatory instrument for students who cannot talk verbally. College students with moveable methods can take part in school discussions once tailored computer systems provide them with intelligible talking voices. Phrase processing and academic software program may additionally help college students who are listening to impaired develop writing abilities.
Along with the brand new tech expertise you will develop, you will also benefit from studying the basics of logic, design and engineering. A superb foundation in these disciplines will not just aid you write code and de-bug software program – they’re going to aid you in other areas of your life and studies, too. All APL areas are Wi-Fi hotspots, so you should use your individual expertise and gadgets to use the Internet as properly. Wang was a profitable calculator manufacturer, then a successful phrase processor company. The 1973 Wang 2200 makes it a profitable pc firm, too. Wang sold the 2200 primarily by means of Worth Added Resellers, who added particular software program to unravel specific customer issues. The 2200 used a constructed-in CRT, cassette tape for storage, and ran the programming language PRIMARY. The COMPUTER era ended Wang’s success, and it filed for bankruptcy in 1992.
Lisa is the first commercial private laptop with a graphical user interface (GUI). It was thus an important milestone in computing as soon Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh would quickly undertake the GUI as their user interface, making it the new paradigm for personal computing. The Lisa ran on a Motorola 68000 microprocessor and got here equipped with 1 MB of RAM, a 12-inch black-and-white monitor, twin 5.25-inch floppy disk drives and a 5 MB Profile†arduous drive. Lisa itself, and particularly its GUI, were inspired by earlier work on the Xerox Palo Alto Analysis Heart.
Cloud Computing is a paradigm that is composed of several strata of companies. These include services like Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Storage as a Service, Platform as a Service, and Software as a service (SaaS). Completely different Cloud computing companies suppliers have developed varied entry fashions to these providers. The access to these providers is based on standard Web Protocols like Hypertext Switch Protocol (HTTP), Simple Object Entry Protocol (SOAP), Representational State Transfer (RELAXATION), Extensible Markup Language (XML), and the infrastructure is predicated on widely used applied sciences including virtualization. Cloud computing is the maturation and coming together of several prior computing ideas like Grid Computing, software service supplier (ASP), Server Hosting, Utility Computing, and Virtualization. | <urn:uuid:d3ec1d1c-b01d-4dda-aa5c-00d7687f792e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://aceraspireone.com/laptop-technology-books.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.931246 | 728 | 2.171875 | 2 |
A recent survey by researchers from the Whitaker Institute at NUI Galway and the Western Development Commission (WDC) has shown that 83% expressed interest in continuing to work remotely.
Over half of those surveyed (51%) had never worked remotely before the Covid-19 pandemic. Of those who had never worked remotely, 78% would like to work remotely for some or all of the time after the crisis is over.
The survey was led by Professor Alma McCarthy, Professor Alan Ahearne and Dr Katerina Bohle-Carbonell at NUI Galway, and Tomás Ó Síocháin and Deirdre Frost at WDC.
These are the initial findings from the national survey of 7,241 individuals across a wide range of industries and sectors over a one-week week period in April-May 2020.
The top three challenges of working remotely included: Not being able to switch off from work; harder to communicate and collaborate with colleagues and co-workers; and poor physical workspace.
The top three benefits of working remotely included: no traffic and no commute; reduced costs of going to work and commuting; and greater flexibility as to how to manage the working day.
The challenge of juggling childcare with work commitments was cited as a key issue in the open-ended comments received.
The provision of better ergonomic equipment is one of the key changes suggested by employees to help with their well-being and productivity while working remotely.
Many also report the need for more suitable workspace within their home and just under 1-in-5 (19%) identified internet connectivity as an issue.
In relation to current levels of productivity, 37% of respondents indicated that their productivity working remotely during COVID-19 is about the same as normal and 30% report that their productivity is higher than normal.
25% report that their productivity is lower than normal and 9% of respondents indicate that it is impossible to compare productivity as the demand for products/services/business has changed.
The majority (83%) of the 7,241 respondents indicated that they would like to work remotely after the crisis is over. Of these:
12% indicated they would like to work remotely on a daily basis
42% indicated they would like to work remotely several times a week
29% indicated they would like to work remotely several times a month
16% indicated they do not want to continue working remotely.
The survey indicates that 87% of those surveyed across all counties in Ireland are now working remotely because of Covid-19.
Speaking about the national survey, Professor Alma McCarthy said: "The findings of our survey indicate that employee preferences to continue working remotely will facilitate the opening up phase and aid with social distancing. The future of work post-COVID-19 is really interesting.
"The vast majority of respondents want to continue to work remotely when the crisis is over. Many roles and jobs can be performed effectively remotely.
"What is the benefit of long commutes to work and sitting in traffic if we can leverage technology at least some of the week to do our work? Productivity does not necessarily correlate with presence in the workplace.
"What we do is more important than where we do it for many roles.
"A mind-set change is needed by managers and employers in terms of managing work remotely. The current crisis provides an opportunity for organisations and managers to rethink how we work."
CEO of the Western Development Commission Tomás Ó Síocháin said: “While a significant majority (83%) want to continue working remotely to some degree post-Covid-19, the figure is higher in the West and Midlands.
"Just over half (51%) would like to work from their home, with the balance seeking a mix of home, a hub/work-sharing space and the office.
"The preference of working from home or close to home in a hub/work-sharing space will allow individuals a better balance of work and home and generate and sustain economic activity in rural and regional areas."
Respondents suggest a number of key changes and improvements that their managers and employers should make regarding remote working at present:
Provision of better and more ergonomic physical workspace including provision of a good (ergonomic) chair, provision of printer, and better screens.
Better management of video-conference meetings
Reduce expectations and workload to more realistic levels
Regular communication and check-ins
Ensure provision of well-being supports
More flexibility in terms of hours of work to cater for caring responsibilities at this time.
The initial survey report is publicly available www.whitakerinstitute.ie
The research team will be doing further analysis and more publications will be available on the websites in the future.
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Keep up with the latest news from Donegal with our daily newsletter featuring the most important stories of the day delivered to your inbox every evening at 5pm. | <urn:uuid:5ec9bd92-3b6e-4183-bc57-12d9788d715f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kilkennypeople.ie/news/coronavirus/542000/do-you-survey-shows-83-want-to-continue-to-work-remotely-after-the-covid-19-crisis.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.963416 | 1,062 | 1.726563 | 2 |
These Dutch chicken birds are thought to be named after the town of Lakenvelt, but they were developed in Germany. They’re very rarely kept in the U.S., but those who do keep them do so as pets, for eggs and show only.
Various theories about Lakenfeld’s origin are circulating: According to one, it originated in Lakervelt in the early 18th century. After the other, it flourished simultaneously in Westphalia and the Netherlands and owes its name to similarly drawn farm animals such as Lakenfeld cattle. But they definitely belong to the older spawning breeds.
Also Read : Lakenvelder Bantam
Medium-sized, robust village chicken with a lively temperament. The basic white color is a stark contrast to the velvety black neck straps and the black, green sparkly tail.
- Rooster 1.75-2.25 kg
- Chicken 1.5-2 kg.
Today the main breeding ground is in northwest Germany.
Chickens lay 160 to 200 white-shelled eggs each year weighing at least 50g. Meat production is relatively low, but meat is very tasty.
Also known by the names : Lakenfelder, Lakenfeld, Lakenfeldska, Lakenfeldka, Lakenfeldky, Lakenfeldi | <urn:uuid:2f0e0abc-1669-469e-acbd-3af9da1fc386> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://funpoultry.com/chicken-breed/large-fowl/lakenvelder-chickens/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944754 | 286 | 2.90625 | 3 |
The UK inquiry into the 2003 Iraq war will publish its long-awaited report on Wednesday.
The report has been looking at the run-up to the conflict, whether troops were properly prepared, how the war was conducted and what planning there was for its aftermath.
Here's a timeline of the main developments since the inquiry, under Sir John Chilcot's leadership, began in July 2009.
MONDAY 9 MAY 2016
The report will be published on Wednesday 6 July, it is announced. Sir John Chilcot says national security vetting has been completed and that no sections of the report will either be removed or redacted.
He confirms that the report will be 2.6 million words long and that families of the 179 British service personnel and civilians killed in Iraq will have the chance to read it before it is published.
It later emerges that the full report will cost £787 to purchase while the 150-page executive summary will cost £30.
THURSDAY 29 OCTOBER 2015
Sir John Chilcot says, in a letter written to Prime Minister David Cameron, that he expects to finish the report - which will be more than two million words long - by April 2016.
He says that allowing for National Security checking the PM should be in a position to publish the report in "June or July 2016".
WEDNESDAY 17 JUNE 2015
In his latest update, Sir John Chilcot said the process of giving witnesses subject to criticisms in the report the right to reply had yet to be completed, with some individuals yet to respond.
Until this happened, he said he could not set out a "realistic timetable" for when the report would be completed but hoped to do so as soon as possible.
In response, David Cameron expressed his "disappointment" and said he was "fast losing patience" over the time being taken. He has asked the cabinet secretary Sir Jeremy Heyward to meet with Sir John to discuss the issues involved.
WEDNESDAY 4TH FEBRUARY 2015
Appearing before the Foreign Affairs Select Committee, Sir John Chilcot says he will not give any timetable for publication as he does not want to "arouse false hopes".
He says the process of giving witnesses criticised in the draft report the right to respond is the primary obstacle standing in the way of completing its work.
He says he is not aware of any individuals holding up the process by taking an undue length of time to respond to his findings.
He also informs MPs that one of the panel members, historian Martin Gilbert, has died.
TUESDAY 28 JANUARY 2015
Sir John Chilcot says he will agree to appear before the Commons Foreign Affairs Committee in early February to answer questions about the inquiry's progress. However, he insists he will not comment on the substance of its work or its likely publication date.
WEDNESDAY 21 JANUARY 2015
The inquiry will not be published until after the election, Sir John Chilcot confirms. David Cameron says he would have liked the report to have been published already and criticises the previous government for not establishing it earlier.
Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg says the public would find the latest development "incomprehensible".
WEDNESDAY 7 JANUARY 2015
Government minister Lord Wallace says the report is "largely finished" and the process of contacting people who have been criticised to give them a right to respond is taking place. He suggests the inquiry should have more staff at the outset to deal with the documents and confirms the report will be "held back" until after May's election if it is not ready for publication by the end of February.
THURSDAY 16 OCTOBER 2014
William Hague, the leader of the House of Commons, says he hopes the report will be published before the general election on May 7 2015. David Cameron says the same but both men say they are "not in control" of the timing of the report's conclusion.
TUESDAY 9 SEPTEMBER 2014
The UK's top civil servant said the inquiry will "not be a cover-up in any shape or form". Sir Jeremy Heywood told MPs that the report would be "more transparent" than people were expecting and would include material that would not normally be disclosed "in a million years". The cabinet secretary said the inquiry was "happy" with the documents it could publish after a "delay of sorts".
THURSDAY 29 MAY 2014
Details of the "gist" of talks between Tony Blair and George Bush before the Iraq war are to be published, the inquiry disclosed, but transcripts and full notes of conversations will remain secret at the request of the Cabinet Office.
TUESDAY 27 MAY 2014
Tony Blair has said he wants the Iraq Inquiry report to be published as soon as possible and "resents" claims he is to blame for its slow progress. The former Labour prime minister said he was not blocking any documents and publication would allow him "restate" the case for the 2003 invasion.
THURSDAY 14 NOVEMBER 2013
The US has no veto over the disclosure of communications between Tony Blair and George W Bush regarding war with Iraq, the UK Cabinet Office said in response to media reports suggesting Washington was behind delays to declassification of documents.
WEDNESDAY 6 NOVEMBER 2013
The inquiry says it cannot proceed with the next phase of its work because key information, including correspondence between Tony Blair and George W Bush, has yet to be released. Sir John Chilcot said it had not yet agreed with the government over the publication of the most "difficult documents".
MONDAY 16 JULY 2012
The inquiry announces a further delay to the publication of its report. In a letter to the prime minister, Sir John Chilcot says he will not report before the middle of 2013 at the earliest - a decade after the war. The report is "unprecedented in scope" and will be about a million words long, he adds. He also confirms the inquiry is seeking a "dialogue" with government officials over further access to secret documents, such as notes of Cabinet meetings and correspondence with foreign governments.
WEDNESDAY 16 NOVEMBER 2011
The inquiry says it will not publish its report until the summer of 2012 at the earliest, six months later than had been anticipated. It says it needs this extra time to "do justice" to the issues involved. It also suggests it has not yet been given permission to publish or refer to all the classified documents it wants to in order to provide the fullest picture of decisions taken. It says it needs co-operation from the government to do this in a "satisfactory and timely manner".
THURSDAY 12 MAY 2011
The inquiry publishes new witness statements and de-classified papers as it gives an update on its work. In one of the new documents, a former senior intelligence official disputes evidence given by former No 10 spokesman Alastair Campbell in 2010. Michael Laurie contradicts claims made by Mr Campbell that the September 2002 dossier on Iraq's weapons threat was not designed to "make the case for war". He said he and others involved in its drafting thought "this was exactly its purpose". Separately, inquiry chairman Sir John Chilcot says the final report will not be published until the autumn at the earliest.
WEDNESDAY 2 FEBRUARY 2011
In the last hearing to be held in public, former foreign secretary Jack Straw insisted regime change was "never" the goal of UK policy towards Saddam Hussein. If the former Iraqi leader had complied with UN disarmament demands, he would have remained in power, Mr Straw argued. Mr Straw said he believed the military action was justified but expressed his "deep sorrow" for the loss of life of British troops and Iraqi civilians. Bringing an end to the public part of the inquiry, Sir John Chilcot said he would not set an "artificial deadline" for publishing its final report while indicating it would take "some months".
MONDAY 31 JANUARY 2011
The UK drew up a list of countries seen as potential threats after 9/11 in a process known as "draining the swamp". The Foreign Office sought to identify countries that could pose "similar risks" as Afghanistan, senior former diplomat Stephen Pattison said. Mr Pattison told the inquiry the process led to Iraq moving up the political agenda after 9/11 although the phrase "draining the swamp" was dropped after it emerged it had been taken from a magazine article.
FRIDAY 28 JANUARY 2011
Tony Blair was "reluctant" to hold Cabinet discussions about Iraq because he thought details would be leaked, the UK's top civil servant told the inquiry. Sir Gus O'Donnell said Mr Blair did not believe Cabinet was "a safe space" in which to debate the issues involved in going to war. The number of informal meetings held under Mr Blair's premiership meant records of discussions were not "as complete" as he would have liked.
THURSDAY 27 JANUARY 2011
The former head of the armed forces said Tony Blair's government had lacked coherence and failed to deliver the equipment needed to fight the Iraq war. Admiral Lord Boyce told the inquiry that the Treasury had to be "beaten over the head" to deliver on the former prime minister's cash promises, adding that "half the cabinet" did not think the country was even at war.
WEDNESDAY 26 JANUARY 2011
The UK's most senior official in Iraq told ministers that "heavy-handed" US military tactics made security worse in the year after the 2003 invasion. In a de-classified letter released by the Iraq Inquiry, Sir David Richmond said the unpopularity of the coalition and failure to supply electricity was "visible signs" of lack of progress. He told the Inquiry "things had started to go badly wrong" earlier in 2004 but insisted the UK had managed to alter US thinking in some areas.
TUESDAY 25 JANUARY 2011
Tony Blair was warned by the UK's top civil servant in 2002 he was getting into a "dangerous position" on Iraq. Former Cabinet Secretary Lord Wilson said he alerted Mr Blair to the legal issues involved - which he saw as being a brake on military action. In separate evidence, his successor Lord Turnbull said the cabinet "did not know the score" about Iraq when they were asked to back military action in March 2003. Ministers had not seen key material on Iraq policy and were effectively "imprisoned" as they knew opposing the use of force would likely have led to Tony Blair's resignation.
FRIDAY 21 JANUARY 2011
Tony Blair is recalled to give evidence for a second time. He expresses "deep and profound regret" about the loss of life suffered by UK personnel and Iraqi citizens during and after the 2003 war. He addresses questions about the war's legality, admitting Former Attorney General Lord Goldsmith could have been more closely involved in decision making but his final determination was that war was lawful. He also said the West must confront the "looming challenge" posed by Iran, if necessary by military force.
THURSDAY 20 JANUARY 2011
The Iraq inquiry published details of evidence given by former spy chief Sir Richard Dearlove. Sir Richard, head of MI6 in the run-up to the 2003 invasion, said suggestions that he became too close to Tony Blair were "complete rubbish". Assessment of Iraq's weapons threat was "incomplete", he said, and there was a "convincing" case that Saddam Hussein had "weaponised" chemical agents.
TUESDAY 18 JANUARY 2011
Sir John Chilcot says he is "disappointed" the government has chosen not to make public details of correspondence and conversations between Tony Blair and President Bush about Iraq. The panel - which has seen the material - said disclosure of key extracts would serve to "illuminate Mr Blair's position at critical points" in the run-up to war. But Cabinet Secretary Sir Gus O'Donnell said publishing the information was not in the "public interest" as it could "prejudice relations" between countries in future and "inhibit exchanges" between leaders.
MONDAY 17 JANUARY 2011
It emerges that former attorney general Lord Goldsmith was "uncomfortable" with statements made by Tony Blair about the legal basis for war in early 2003. In fresh written evidence, Lord Goldsmith - who ultimately concluded that the military action was lawful - said he was concerned about remarks by Mr Blair about the need for a further UN mandate and suggested they were not compatible with advice given. Mr Blair's spokesman said he would deal with the issue when giving evidence on Friday.
WEDNESDAY 8 DECEMBER 2010
Tony Blair will be recalled to give evidence a second time, the inquiry confirms. It says it wants "more detail" from a number of witnesses including the former prime minister, former Foreign Secretary Jack Straw and former Chief of the Defence Staff Lord Boyce. A number of other prominent figures, including Cabinet Secretary Gus O'Donnell, have been called to give evidence for the first time.
THURSDAY 18 NOVEMBER 2010
Sir John Chilcot reports on a recent visit to Northern Iraq where he and one other panel member spoke to senior figures within the Kurdish regional government about their perspective on the war and its aftermath.
MONDAY 18 OCTOBER 2010
Details emerge of how much the inquiry has cost to stage so far. Between July 2009 and March 2010, the inquiry cost an estimated £2.2m. Nearly £800,000 was spent on staff costs while nearly £600,000 was spent on the public hearings, including room hire and broadcasting.
TUESDAY 12 OCTOBER 2010
The committee gives an update of its work over the summer: It says it met with 80 serving officers who took part in the Iraq campaign and also visited the defence medical rehabilitation centre at Headley Court to learn about the treatment and rehabilitation of those injured during the war. It also gives details of its visit to Iraq where, during meetings in Baghdad and Basra, it spoke to government officials including former prime ministers Ayad Allawi and Ibrahim Al-Jaafari.
FRIDAY 30 JULY 2010
The intelligence on Iraq's weapons threat was not "very substantial", former deputy prime minister Lord Prescott said. He told the inquiry he was "nervous" about the intelligence being presented in 2002 - some of which he said was based on "tittle-tattle". Nevertheless, he defended the military action taken as "legal" and said he would take the same decision again. Closing public hearings for the summer, inquiry chairman Sir John Chilcot said the committee may choose to recall some witnesses in the autumn and also planned to visit Iraq in the autumn to hear "Iraqi perspectives".
WEDNESDAY 28 JULY 2010
Troop commitments in Iraq and Afghanistan created the "perfect storm" for an overstretched army, a former Army chief said. Gen Sir Richard Dannatt said the Ministry of Defence's projections of required troop commitments differed from Army estimates and the Army had come close to "seizing up" in 2006. His predecessor Gen Sir Mike Jackson, in his evidence, said there were too few troops to cope with the aftermath of the invasion.
TUESDAY 27 JULY 2010
The UN's former chief weapons inspector Hans Blix said it is his "firm view" that the Iraq war was illegal. Dr Blix said the UK had sought to go down the "UN route" to deal with Saddam Hussein but failed. Ex-Attorney General Lord Goldsmith, who advised the war was lawful on the basis of existing UN resolutions, "wriggled about" in his arguments, he suggested. Dr Blix also said his inspectors had visited 500 sites in Iraq but found no evidence of weapons of mass destruction.
MONDAY 26 JULY 2010
The inquiry has been "too easygoing" in grilling witnesses about the lead-up to the war, a former UK diplomat said. Carne Ross told the BBC that chairman Sir John Chilcot was running a "narrow" investigation, with the standard of questioning "pretty low". Mr Ross alleges that the Foreign Office withheld key documents before he gave evidence to the inquiry recently.
WEDNESDAY 21 JULY 2010
Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg had to clarify the government's position on the Iraq war after telling MPs the conflict had been "illegal". At prime minister's questions, Mr Clegg said Labour's former foreign secretary Jack Straw would have to account for his role in the "disastrous" decision to invade. Mr Clegg later stressed his opinion was a "long-held" personal one and the government awaited the outcome of the Chilcot inquiry.
TUESDAY 20 JULY 2010
The invasion of Iraq "substantially" increased the terrorist threat to the UK, the former head of MI5 said. Baroness Manningham-Buller told the inquiry the action "radicalised" a generation of young people, including UK citizens, and she was not "surprised" that UK nationals were involved in the 7/7 bombings in London. The intelligence on Iraq's threat was not "substantial enough" to justify the action, she argued.
MONDAY 19 JULY 2010
Helping British troops seriously wounded in Iraq was a "real challenge" but welfare support has improved as a result, defence officials said. Improved battlefield care saved more lives but more soldiers were left with multiple injuries, senior personnel officers told the inquiry. Air Marshall David Pocock said the military had "learnt a lot [of lessons]" about helping casualties. But he accepted support for bereaved families was often not good enough.
FRIDAY 16 JULY 2010
Legal concerns were partly to blame for the government not being open with the families of troops killed in Iraq, a former minister said. Adam Ingram told the Iraq inquiry lawyers advised caution to officials about their wording in case it was taken as an admission of liability. He said it was "very wearing" for ministers to have to meet bereaved relatives who blamed them for deaths. But he dismissed some reports of equipment shortages as "urban myths". Legal fears 'hit Iraq openess'
WEDNESDAY 14 JULY 2010
The cabinet should have seen all the arguments on the legality of the Iraq war, a former senior minister has said. Lord Boateng said it would have been "helpful" to see then Attorney General Lord Goldsmith's full legal deliberations in the run-up to war. Military action would be lawful, Lord Goldsmith ruled days before the invasion, but critics said his earlier reservations were not made clear. But Lord Boateng said he believed the invasion was "right".
MONDAY 12 JULY 2010
Dealing with Saddam Hussein through sanctions and other methods was a "very available" alternative to military action, a former UK diplomat said. Carne Ross, who resigned over the war, told the Iraq inquiry that the UK did not work hard enough to make its pre-2003 policy of containment work. Officials trying to argue for this approach felt "very beleaguered". There was no "significant intelligence" to back up beliefs Iraq had weapons of mass destruction, he added.
THURSDAY 8 JULY 2010
The inquiry said it had taken evidence from 35 people in private. Witnesses who have appeared behind closed doors included Sir Richard Dearlove, a former head of MI6. Individuals to have taken part in private as well as public hearings included Sir John Scarlett, Sir David Manning and Sir Jeremy Greenstock. Inquiry chairman Sir John Chilcot said evidence was taken in private where doing so in public would have damaged national security or international relations. Inquiry hears from 35 witnesses in private.
WEDNESDAY 7 JULY 2010
Tony Blair "misread" Iran's view on efforts to build a democracy in Iraq after the 2003 invasion, a former UK ambassador to Tehran said. Tehran did not wish to "destabilise" efforts to establish a government after Saddam Hussein's overthrow, Sir Richard Dalton told the inquiry. Claims of Iranian support for al-Qaeda and the counter-insurgency in Iraq that began in 2004 were "exaggerated", he argued.
TUESDAY 6 JULY 2010
The government "let down" the families of British troops killed in Iraq in terms of the support given to them, ex-Defence Secretary Bob Ainsworth said. He told the Iraq inquiry that the Ministry of Defence "simply did not get it right" in terms of the overall "welfare package" given to families. Communication was often inconsistent and inquests into deaths in service took too long. However, he defended government action over pay and compensation for injuries as well as the medical care given to the wounded.
MONDAY 5 JULY 2010
The Blair government should have "sorted out" its plans to rebuild Iraq after the war much sooner, a former minister told the inquiry. Sally Keeble said the Department for International Development's role was still under debate "close to the action" starting in 2003. There was a "problem" with the UK's military and aid roles not being focused enough on one area of Iraq, she added, while "real issues" had arisen over funding.
WEDNESDAY 30 JUNE 2010
The inquiry publishes previously secret documents relating to the legality of the war after they were de-classified by the government. Details of former Attorney General Lord Goldsmith's draft legal advice to Tony Blair on 12 February 2003 were published on the inquiry's website, as well as a note he sent to former prime minister on the issue two weeks earlier. The inquiry also heard from the former head of the Diplomatic Service, Lord Jay, who said he was "very uncomfortable" with the idea of military action without the backing of the UN. However, he said he did not "dissent" from Lord Goldsmith's conclusion that the war was lawful.
TUESDAY 29 JUNE 2010
The inquiry resumed hearings after a four-and-a-half month break for the general election. It heard that former French President Jacques Chirac believed the invasion was a "dangerous venture". Sir John Holmes, the UK's ambassador to France in 2003, said Paris saw efforts to get a further UN resolution to authorise military action as a "trap". Also, the man sent to advise Iraqi officials on building up its police force after the invasion said there was not enough focus or resources given to the task. Douglas Brand said British and US officials had unrealistic expectations about how quickly officers could be trained and believed policing structures could be "imposed" quickly after the war despite the unstable situation in the country.
MONDAY 8 MARCH 2010
Foreign Secretary David Miliband said the United Nations had been "feeble" in following up threats made to Saddam Hussein in the run-up to the Iraq war. He added that most Iraqis felt they had been liberated from tyranny since the fall of Saddam Hussein and the situation in the country showed "chaotic potential". Ministry of Defence permanent under-secretary Sir Bill Jeffrey said the expansion of UK involvement in Afghanistan did not mean forces left Iraq at the wrong time. Concluding hearings until after the UK general election, inquiry chairman Sir John Chilcot urged political parties not to use its proceedings as a campaign issue.
FRIDAY 5 MARCH 2010
Prime Minister Gordon Brown denied starving UK armed forces of equipment, insisting at the Iraq inquiry that every request made while he was chancellor was met. Making his long-awaited appearance, the prime minister said he fully backed the 2003 war and had been kept "in the loop" by Tony Blair in the build-up. However, he expressed "sadness" for the deaths of British soldiers and Iraqi citizens.
MONDAY 22 FEBRUARY 2010
The inquiry says Prime Minister Gordon Brown will give evidence on 5 March. International Development Secretary Douglas Alexander will also appear on that day while Foreign Secretary David Miliband will appear on 8 March.
WEDNESDAY 3 FEBRUARY 2010
Sir Kevin Tebbit, a retired permanent secretary to the Ministry of Defence, claimed Gordon Brown had "guillotined" £1bn from defence spending in December 2003, while efforts to rebuild Iraq were ongoing. This created the need for a "very major savings exercise", he said. Mr Brown rejected the allegations later in Parliament. Also giving evidence, former Defence Secretary John Reid said the "failures of Vietnam" haunted the US military during the earlier part of its time in Iraq, hindering reconstruction efforts. And former human rights envoy Ann Clwyd said she believed there was "no other option" than to remove Saddam Hussein to prevent further persecution of a large section of the Iraqi population.
TUESDAY 2 FEBRUARY 2010
Tony Blair's cabinet was "misled" into thinking the war with Iraq was legal, ex-International Development Secretary Clare Short told the inquiry. She said Attorney General Lord Goldsmith had been "leaned on" to change his advice before the invasion and that the cabinet had not properly discussed events leading up to the war. She also suggested she had been "conned" into remaining in the cabinet despite her misgivings about the war by the promise of a lead role in post-war reconstruction efforts.
MONDAY 1 FEBRUARY 2010
Ministers were warned of a "serious risk" the military would not have all the equipment it needed to invade Iraq, the inquiry heard. Air Chief Marshal Sir Jock Stirrup, the head of the armed forces, said defence chiefs "simply didn't have enough time" to source everything they wanted and more time to prepare would have made a "significant difference".
FRIDAY 29 JANUARY 2010
In the most eagerly anticipated moment of the inquiry, Tony Blair insisted he had no regrets in removing Saddam Hussein. During six hours of questioning, the former prime minister mounted a robust defence of his decision to take the UK to war, describing the former Iraqi leader as a "monster" and a threat to the world. There was "no conspiracy, deceit or deception" behind the decisions he took and no "covert" deal with President Bush to back military action. At the time he was convinced the regime possessed weapons of mass destruction while it was clear Saddam planned to step up weapons programmes once he was able to.
WEDNESDAY 27 JANUARY 2010
Lord Goldsmith told the inquiry he changed his view on the legality of military action but denied this was down to political pressure. While initially believing a second UN resolution was necessary, he concluded otherwise in the middle of February 2003 after consulting with lawyers and diplomats in the US about the meaning of existing UN agreements. He issued a definitive judgement only days before the war because the military said they needed one to go ahead. He made clear he stood by his decision that the invasion was lawful. Inquiry chairman Sir John Chilcot also said he shared Lord Goldsmith's frustration that not all relevant documents had been declassified.
TUESDAY 26 JANUARY 2010
Two former Foreign Office legal advisers told the inquiry that, in their opinion, the invasion of Iraq was unlawful without the express backing of the United Nations. Sir Michael Wood, the department's chief legal adviser, said Foreign Secretary Jack Straw rejected his advice that a further mandate from the Security Council was needed to justify military action. His deputy Elizabeth Wilmshurst, who resigned in protest at the decision to go to war, said the way in which the legal arguments were presented and assessed had been "lamentable".
MONDAY 25 JANUARY 2010
The inquiry heard from Des Browne and John Hutton, defence secretaries between May 2006 and July 2009. Mr Browne said he found it personally "difficult" to cope with the impact of British fatalities in Iraq. He said he never came under pressure to shift resources from Iraq to Afghanistan but questioned the ability of the UK armed forces to fight two major campaigns at the same time. Mr Hutton said the death toll among Iraqis had been "disastrous" but the invasion was justified as Iraq was now a democracy and not a threat to regional security. But he said a shortage of helicopters was a "factor" in the campaign.
FRIDAY 22 JANUARY 2010
Inquiry chairman Sir John Chilcot confirms that Gordon Brown will appear at the inquiry before the general election. He said Mr Brown had written to the inquiry stating that he would be prepared to give evidence whenever "you see fit" and would be "happy" to do so before the election. Sir John said the hearing was likely to take place in late February or early March at a date to be agreed. Opposition parties, who had criticised the decision to delay Mr Brown's appearance until after the election, welcomed the change of plan.
THURSDAY 21 JANUARY 2010
Supporting the invasion was the "most difficult decision" of his life, Jack Straw told the inquiry. The foreign secretary said he was aware the UK could not have gone to war without his backing. He said he had taken the decision "very reluctantly" as he disagreed with the US objective of regime change as the basis for action but he believed Iraq posed a threat. He said the 45-minute claim in the September 2002 dossier on Iraq's weapons threat was an error that "has haunted us ever since".
WEDNESDAY 20 JANUARY 2010
Including the 45-minute claim in an intelligence dossier on Iraq's weapons was "asking for trouble", Tony Blair's former security co-ordinator Sir David Omand said. He described it as a "bit of local colour" which was used because there was little other detail that the intelligence services were happy to be included in the September 2002 dossier.
TUESDAY 19 JANUARY 2010
Former defence secretary Geoff Hoon - the first cabinet minister from the period to appear before the inquiry - said the first he heard of the controversial "45 minute claim" on Iraq's weapons was when he read about it in the September 2002 dossier. Separately he also said he had opposed the deployment of British troops to Helmand, before forces were reduced in Iraq.
MONDAY 18 JANUARY 2010
Britain gave "no undertaking in blood to go to war in Iraq" in March 2002, Tony Blair's former chief of staff told the Inquiry. Jonathan Powell dismissed ex-diplomat Sir Christopher Meyer's claim that his stance had hardened after a private meeting with the US president. He said there had been an "assumption" Iraq had weapons of mass destruction, because Saddam had used them before.
SATURDAY 16 JANUARY 2010
It emerges that the inquiry met in private on Friday following a request by General Sir John Reith, the man who ran British operations during the war. He told the inquiry that the Ministry of Defence had been "reluctant" to begin vital logistical planning for a potential invasion as late as December 2002 for fear of alerting the public. Ultimately, he said there were no equipment shortages but some kit could not found once it was sent to Iraq.
FRIDAY 15 JANUARY 2010
UK forces in southern Iraq had to rely on their US allies for helicopters because all UK aircraft were deployed in Afghanistan, a senior military officer told the inquiry. Major General Graham Binns, who commanded coalition forces in Basra from mid-2007 until early 2008, said there was a "major gap" in attack helicopters but those provided by the US were "magnificent".
WEDNESDAY 15 JANUARY 2010
Ex-No 10 spokesman Alastair Campbell was attacked for suggesting former cabinet minister and war critic Clare Short was barred from key meetings because she could not be trusted. Former head of the civil service, Lord Turnbull, said his remarks were "very poor" and Ms Short's views should have been respected. He also said Tony Blair must explain recent comments that he would have backed the war even if he had known Iraq had no weapons of mass destruction.
TUESDAY 12 JANUARY 2010
Alastair Campbell, Tony Blair's former communications chief, told the inquiry he would defend "every single word" of the 2002 dossier on Iraq's weapons of mass destruction, containing the famous claim that Saddam's weapons could be launched within 45 minutes. In a typically combative performance, stretching over nearly five hours, he said the dossier could have been "clearer" - but he insisted the government did not "misrepresent" the threat they posed by Saddam's weapons. He also denied claims Mr Blair "shifted" to back regime change after a US summit, pouring scorn on the evidence given to the inquiry by former UK ambassador to the US Sir Christopher Meyer.
MONDAY 11 JANUARY 2010
Lt Gen Sir Richard Shirreff said the British Army was effectively providing "no security at all" in the southern Iraqi city of Basra by mid-2006. The former commanding officer of the multi-national division in south-east Iraq told the inquiry that 200 troops were attempting to control a city of 1.3 million people, with militias "filling the gap". He also said troops had not been employed effectively and criticised equipment levels provided for the mission in southern Iraq.
FRIDAY 8 JANUARY 2010
The complexity of negotiating the British exit from Iraqi in 2009 was revealed. Peter Watkins from the Ministry of Defence said that one lesson learnt was that the coalition allies should have sought a single agreement with the Iraqis. "We should have applied the Balkans principle of in together out together". Foreign Office officials described with some optimism how life for the people of Basra had steadily improved, six years after the invasion.
THURSDAY 7 JANUARY 2010
Evidence centred on Operation Charge of the Knights in March 2008 when an Iraqi-led military campaign drove the Mahdi Army militia out of Basra. Lt Gen Barney White-Spunner of the Multi- National Division South East said the Iraqis had asked the British to carry out aerial bombing of areas which had not been "sufficiently vetted", where there could be civilian casualties. UK forces refused to launch these attacks. In the event, the Shia militias "crumbled quickly" in the face of the Iraqi-led operation.
WEDNESDAY 6 JANUARY 2010
Witnesses described the period leading to the drawdown of British forces in Iraq. Jon Day from the Ministry of Defence confirmed that the UK held talks with the Mahdi Army militia in Basra three months before British troops pulled out of the city and moved to the airport. Lt Gen Sir Peter Wall said young soldiers would complain how bored they had become in Basra in the final months of the operation. Christopher Prentice, the British ambassador to Baghdad (2007-09), said the Iraqi Prime Minister, Nouri al Maliki was "very very keen" on the relationship with Britain.
TUESDAY 5 JANUARY 2010
Sir William Patey, the former UK ambassador to Iraq, told the inquiry some post-war ambitions for the country were "probably higher than the ability to deliver". He talked about the difficulties of drafting a constitution and setting up an effective police force. General Sir Nick Houghton, former chief of joint operations, said that, from 2006, there had been pressure to reduce British force levels in Iraq to concentrate on the new mission in Helmand.
THURSDAY 17 DECEMBER 2009
The bombing of the UN headquarters in Iraq in 2003 had "a very serious impact" on UK efforts to rebuild the country, former overseas aid official Jim Drummond told the inquiry.
WEDNESDAY 16 DECEMBER 2009
Britain may have had "second thoughts" about its participation in the Iraq war had it foreseen the mayhem that would occur in the years after the invasion, the inquiry was told. Sir John Sawers, a former adviser to Tony Blair and now head of MI6, said the level of violence in post-war Iraq was "unprecedented". Earlier, top commander Lt Gen Sir Robert Fry said the invasion could have failed without the backing of UK troops.
TUESDAY 15 DECEMBER 2009
Key decisions taken in post-war Iraq were examined as Sir Jeremy Greenstock made his second appearance before the inquiry. He said the US thwarted UK efforts to give the UN a "leading political role" in post-war Iraq and US officials did not listen to UK advice or even keep them informed of major developments.
MONDAY 14 DECEMBER 2009
The US refused to accept it was facing an organised counter-insurgency in Iraq, the UK's senior military representative in Baghdad told the inquiry. Lt General John Kiszely quoted former US Defence Secretary Donald Rumsfeld as saying growing attacks in 2004 were the work of a "bunch of no hopers". Lt Gen Jonathon Riley, who commanded forces in the south of Iraq, said the US had "no choice" but to disband the Iraqi army - a decision criticised by many UK officials. He said the force lost the respect of the people and effectively "disbanded itself".
SATURDAY 12 DECEMBER 2009
Former Prime Minister Tony Blair has yet to appear before the Chilcot inquiry. However, asked about the decision to go to war in a BBC TV interview, he said he would have done so even if he had known Iraq had no weapons of mass destruction. The "notion" that Iraq was a threat to the region had tilted him in favour of the invasion, he added. Reacting to the remarks, Defence Secretary Bob Ainsworth said he was "surprised" by them while Sir Ken MacDonald, a former director of public prosecutions, has accused Mr Blair of "alarming subterfuge" in justifying the war.
THURSDAY 10 DECEMBER 2009
Tony Blair's ex-foreign policy adviser Sir John Sawers said the US was not talking about war with Iraq in early 2001. Sir John, the current head of MI6, visited Washington in January that year for informal talks with the incoming Bush administration. George W Bush and the then UK prime minister held their first meeting at Camp David in the February. There was agreement that their policy of "containment" of Iraq through sanctions and no-fly zones was "unsustainable", Sir John said. And while there was talk of "regime change", there was no discussion of military intervention.
WEDNESDAY 9 DECEMBER 2009
"Amateurs" were put into key roles in post-invasion Iraq, Britain's senior military representative in Iraq said, claiming lives had been lost as a result. Lt Gen Frederick Viggers said senior officials, including ministers, needed more training to deal with the complexities involved in mounting an invasion. Lessons from Iraq were not being applied in Afghanistan, he added. Sir Hilary Synnott, the Coalition Provisional Authority's (CPA) regional co-ordinator for Southern Iraq from July 2003 until January 2004, said the long-term plan for the governance of Iraq was "deeply flawed". He said bureaucracy, resource and expertise problems had hampered the coalition's mission. Lt Gen Sir Graeme Lamb likened the CPA to "dancing with a broken doll".
TUESDAY 8 DECEMBER 2009
Ex-spy chief Sir John Scarlett said there was "no conscious intention" to manipulate information about Iraq's weapons. He denied being under pressure to "firm up" the September 2002 dossier which contained the claim Iraq could use WMD within 45 minutes of Saddam's order. Former permanent secretary at the Department for International Development, Sir Suma Chakrabarti, said UK aid officials had "scanty" evidence of the situation in Iraq in the lead-up to the 2003 invasion. Air Marshall Sir Brian Burridge, who led UK ground forces in Iraq, said he was told by a top US commander 10 months before that it was a "matter of when not if" it went into Iraq.
MONDAY 7 DECEMBER 2009
A senior British officer said he urged Tony Blair to delay the invasion of Iraq two days before the conflict. Maj Gen Tim Cross, who liaised with the US on reconstruction efforts, said planning for after the conflict was "woefully thin". A senior diplomat also told the inquiry the UK government felt "helpless" to deal with the kidnappings of its citizens in following the war. Edward Chaplin, former UK ambassador to Iraq, said the taking hostage and killing of Ken Bigley and Margaret Hassan had been "terrible" events.
FRIDAY 4 DECEMBER 2009
The US first revealed its military plans at a meeting in June 2002, the UK's chief military adviser to the US Central Army Command told the inquiry. Major General David Wilson said there was no talk of Iraq among top US commanders in Spring 2002 but this "changed suddenly" in June when he said the "curtain was drawn back" on their thinking. Asked to comment on the plans, he said the UK could not back them without political and legal approval. Dominic Asquith, British ambassador to Iraq in 2006-7, said the Treasury refused to provide extra cash for reconstruction projects in Basra which he said was "extremely frustrating".
THURSDAY 3 DECEMBER 2009
The US "assumed" the UK would contribute troops to the invasion even if there was no UN backing, the head of UK armed forces at the time told the inquiry. Admiral Lord Boyce said the "shutters came down" in Washington when UK officials pointed out they would not be able to back the war without Parliamentary approval. He also criticised Clare Short, Secretary of State for International Development during the invasion, saying her department had effectively hampered reconstruction efforts and been "particularly uncooperative".
TUESDAY 1 DECEMBER 2009
In a session dominated by the aftermath of the war, a senior Foreign Office official said there was a "dire" lack of planning in the Bush administration for a post-Saddam Hussein Iraq. Edward Chaplin, head of the Middle East department in 2003, said the UK raised the issue many times but its concerns had been largely overlooked. His colleague, Sir Peter Ricketts, said the UK could have achieved more in its role in stabilising and rebuilding southern Iraq after the invasion if it had been given more resources.
MONDAY 30 NOVEMBER 2009
Tony Blair indicated he would be willing to back "regime change" at a meeting with President Bush in Texas in April 2002, the prime minister's foreign policy adviser at the time told the inquiry. But Sir David Manning stressed that Mr Blair told the President he should get UN support for the move and continued to press for this throughout 2002. According to Sir David, during the Texas meeting, President Bush said there was no "war plan" for Iraq but a "small cell" had been set up in Florida to explore options for removing Saddam Hussein. Sir David also said Mr Blair asked in June 2002 for military options for the UK joining action against Iraq.
FRIDAY 27 NOVEMBER 2009
The UK's ambassador to the UN in the run-up to the war said he believed the invasion was legal but of "questionable legitimacy" as it was not backed by the majority of UN members or possibly even the British public. Sir Jeremy Greenstock revealed he had not always been kept fully informed of British policy as it developed and had considered resigning at one point. Had weapons inspectors been given more time to do their job, the war could possibly have been prevented, he argued.
THURSDAY 26 NOVEMBER 2009
Tony Blair's stance on Iraq "tightened" after a private meeting with US President George Bush in April 2002, the inquiry was told. Sir Christopher Meyer, the UK's ambassador to the US in the run-up to war, said a day after the meeting Mr Blair mentioned the possibility of regime change publicly for the first time in a speech. In his evidence, the former ambassador said military preparations for war overrode the diplomatic process and he criticised post-war planning for Iraq as a "black hole".
WEDNESDAY 25 NOVEMBER 2009
The UK received intelligence days before invading Iraq that Saddam Hussein may not have been able to use chemical weapons, the inquiry heard. Sir William Ehrman, the Foreign Office's director general for defence and intelligence between 2002 and 2004, also said it was a "surprise" that no weapons of mass destruction were ever found in Iraq. Meanwhile, Gordon Brown rejected claims from Lib Dem leader Nick Clegg that the government could effectively veto aspects of the final report, saying it was up to the inquiry what went into it.
TUESDAY 24 NOVEMBER 2009
On the first day of public hearings, four senior diplomats and advisers gave evidence on the war's origins. Sir Peter Ricketts, a top intelligence official at the time, said the UK government "distanced itself" from talk of removing Saddam Hussein in early 2001. He said it was assumed it was not "our policy" despite growing talk in the US about the move. Before the hearings began, inquiry chairman Sir John Chilcot said he would not "shy" away from criticising individuals in his final report.
30 JULY 2009
Launching the inquiry, Sir John says he intends to hold as many hearings as possible in public. Over the summer, he and his team begin to wade through thousands of government documents relating to the war. In September, the inquiry team meet relatives of some of the 179 service personnel killed in Iraq between as well as retired and serving members of the armed forces. At a meeting in London, a retired Army officer whose son was killed in Iraq says the government "misled" the country over the reasons for going to war.
15 JUNE 2009
Gordon Brown announces an inquiry will be set up to "learn the lessons" of the Iraq conflict, to be led by former civil servant Sir John Chilcot. He tells MPs it should be held in private but within days and under pressure from the opposition and ex-government officials, he says it will be up to Chilcot to decide how to proceed. | <urn:uuid:3a37760d-cf89-48a2-adc7-40da500d1aa4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-12224606 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.979983 | 9,481 | 1.546875 | 2 |
This week Curriculum Leadership publishes a statement by The Hon Carmel Tebbutt MP, Minister for Education and Training, New South Wales. The New South Wales Government is committed to having the highest quality teachers in our schools and to ensuring that every student is taught by engaged, up-to-date and professional teachers. Ongoing learning is critical for professions such as teaching. You simply cannot switch off when you leave university. That is why it will be mandatory from next year for all new teachers in the State to undertake professional development courses. Teachers entering the work force for the first time will be required to spend a minimum of 100 hours over five years doing courses agreed with their principal.
Subject HeadingsTeaching and learning
New South Wales (NSW) | <urn:uuid:1b9b8ac3-8847-4b93-860b-febef6772ea3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://cmslive.curriculum.edu.au/leader/articles,57.html?issueID=9798 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.939063 | 183 | 2 | 2 |
Wait a minute; dogs have anxiety too? Heck yes! ‘Dognitive’ therapist Laura Vissaritis says, “MRIs of dogs have shown they have emotions, fear and anxiety just like us...mental health is a massive problem with dogs”.
Man’s best friend has the title for a reason - they are more like us than we think. An insightful study published in 2019 found that dogs' facial muscles have evolved over the 33 thousand years since their domestication, allowing them to show more varied facial expressions - all to communicate with humans a little better! How incredible is that?
You may have also heard or noticed that dogs - and other animals - can sense your emotions. Somehow, they know when you are upset or stressed and will usually behave in some way to ‘protect’ or ‘comfort’ you. A study also published in 2019 confirmed that dogs can pick up on chronic stress and anxiety in their owners and have corresponding elevated cortisol levels - meaning they match your anxiety.
So how many dogs does anxiety affect? There are approximately 5 million dogs in Australia, and statistics suggest that 40% of domestic dogs will suffer some level of anxiety at any one time. That’s 2 million dogs suffering from anxiety across Australia - poor pups!
We’re here to explain everything you need to know about dog anxiety — common causes, symptoms, and treatments. So, let’s get down to it.
How do you know if your dog has anxiety, and what can you do to treat anxious dogs? Firstly, there are three common kinds of anxiety in dogs.
1. Fear-related anxiety
The most common form of anxiety is fear-related anxiety. This can be caused by loud noises, strange people, other animals, bright or invasive visual stimuli like hats or umbrellas, unfamiliar environments, specific situations — like the vet’s office — or surfaces like sand or tiled floors. Although most dogs may only have short-term and situational reactions to these fears, anxious dogs may be more affected in an ongoing manner.
2. Separation Anxiety
The second most common form, with around 14% of dogs affected, is separation anxiety. This kind of anxiety occurs in dogs when they are left alone, away from their owners and unable to find any sense of comfort without the owner. Often the results of this kind of anxiety in dogs are a range of ‘naughty’ behaviours that include urinating & defecating inside, destroying or damaging furniture/surroundings and persistent barking.
Dogs with separation anxiety cannot find comfort when they are left alone or separated from their family members. This anxiety often manifests in undesirable behaviours, as mentioned above: urinating and defecating in the house, destroying furniture and furnishings, and barking.
We can’t expect to be home 24/7 for our fluffy friends - which is why this kind of anxiety is so prevalent in dogs. But don’t worry - there are things you can do to help your pet before quitting your job! We’ll cover some practical strategies in this article, but first, we look at the three most common forms of anxiety in dogs. Read on!
3. Age-related Anxiety
The third most common kind of dog anxiety is age-related anxiety. This is a secondary effect of other age-related conditions such as Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS), which impacts memory, perception, and awareness - similar to how the early stages of Alzheimer’s can affect humans - this newfound confusion stimulates a sense of anxiety in small everyday tasks and occurrences.
Dog Anxiety Symptoms:
Often, the symptoms of anxiety in dogs can appear to be simply lousy behaviour or cross over with symptoms of other conditions, which makes anxiety in dogs a little tricky to recognise immediately. Because our precious fur babies can’t tell us exactly what’s bothering them, it’s important to take them to the vet for a check-up before self-diagnosing. Nonetheless, here are some symptoms to look out for and bear in mind.
- Urinating or defecating in the house.
- Destructive behaviour.
- Excessive barking.
- Repetitive or compulsive behaviours.
One-off or occasional occurrences of these things are not an immediate sign that your dog is experiencing some anxiety, but if you notice these symptoms become recurring behaviours, it’s a good indicator that something is going on. With stress, it is essential first to consult your vet; they will check if the issue is a more physical illness or condition before jumping straight to anxiety as the problem - it’s always best to be sure.
More About Separation Anxiety
This is especially good to understand and be aware of as we return to work after lockdown, where our pets have become used to more hours of attention than they ever were before. Now, all that extra love is the new normal for them, and it’s probably going to be a shock for them when you’re not as home as much - especially for younger dogs. Their favourite human is now leaving them alone for most of the day. So, as you return to the office, keep an eye out for the following behaviours.
Urinating and defecating in the house are common symptoms of separation anxiety. Anxious dogs often work themselves up to the point that they let it all go in the house, even if they are well housetrained.
Destructive behaviour is also common with separation anxiety. The damage is usually around entry and exit points, like doorways and windows, but the most serious part of this destructive behaviour is the possibility for the dog to hurt themselves in their frantic state. If they have worked themselves into a hyper state and attempt to escape from a room, backyard or another area, they put themselves in danger of painful injuries and potentially pricey vet visits...
What To Do If Your Dog Has Anxiety
First things first - always go to your vet first. Your veterinarian will be able to help you come up with a treatment plan. Since a variety of factors often causes excessive anxiety, the best way to treat it is usually through a combination of training, preventive strategies, natural calming supplements and medications.
Training and Counterconditioning
Find yourself a good dog trainer to help if this is what’s needed. Raising good pups can be as hard as parenting actual babies sometimes - taking on the whole responsibility yourself while also trying to run your day-to-day lives can be overwhelming and disappointing if progress isn’t made quickly enough.
A common strategy that a dog trainer will use is counterconditioning, which aims to change a dog’s response to whatever the anxiety-inducing stimuli are. In other words, they will train the dog to sit or heel rather than bark or wind themselves up.
Another strategy is desensitisation. The trainer will slowly introduce the dog to the source of anxiety, preferably in small doses. Repeated exposure and rewarding positive behaviour can go a long way toward managing anxiety.
For complex training like this, it’s best to contact a dog trainer who will be able to try a range of techniques and guide you through the process.
Anxiety Medication for Dogs
Some dogs may be prescribed antidepressants to alleviate their anxiety; you might have heard of calming collars. Our preferred natural calming aid for severe anxiety in dogs is hemp seed oil. While no clinical trials have been done to prove the efficacy of hemp seed oil for anxiety in pets, in human studies, it has been shown to reduce anxieties. This is achieved through a combination of the effects of the anti-inflammatory actions of the fatty acids, antioxidants and the anti-depressant actions of phytosterols. There’s strong evidence to support similar effects in our pet companions.
For severe anxiety, stress and PTSD, talk to your vet about hemp CBD oil.
Hemp seed oil is also a power-packed nutritional supplement that provides vital fatty acids, amino acids, vitamins and all essential minerals to support your pet’s overall wellbeing.
How Hemp Seed Oil Works to Ease Anxiety in Dogs?
Hemp seed oil is an excellent source of essential fatty acids, comprising approximately 35% of the seed. One tablespoon of hemp seed oil contains around 14 grams of fat, of which only 1 gram is saturated. This low saturated fat content is another excellent benefit of using hemp seed oil instead of animal fats.
More specifically, hemp seed oil typically contains:
- High amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid, linoleic acid (LA / omega-6), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA / omega-3) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). The LA: ALA ratio usually exists in hemp seed oil at a 3:1 level. This proportion has been proposed to be ideal for a healthy diet.
- Hemp is currently one of the very few natural food sources of GLA, i.e., not requiring the consumption of the extracted dietary supplement. GLA is an essential anti-inflammatory fat; it also regulates hormones and supports healthy skin and coat. GLA is considered “conditionally essential.” That means pets need to get GLA from their diet. LA converts to GLA, but this conversion needs a specific enzyme (D6D) and five essential nutrients (magnesium, zinc, vitamin C, vitamin B3, and vitamin B6), all of which are abundant in hemp seed oil.
Magnesium is critical in proper muscle function: it controls muscle contraction and acts as a muscle relaxant. Studies have found that greater magnesium intake can significantly reduce feelings of fear and panic.
B vitamins – specifically Vitamin B6 – help with calming dogs through the process of converting 5HTP to the feel-good neurotransmitter serotonin. Research suggests that higher levels of B6 can help shift the body from fight-or-flight mode to a more relaxed state. In a recent study, those with extreme stress reported greater improvement when taking B6 with magnesium compared to magnesium alone.
High levels of free radicals can lead to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is linked to depression and anxiety disorders. During times of stress and anxiety, the body uses high amounts of vitamin E. Daily doses of vitamin E (antioxidant) can help restore balance and increase the sense of calm.
Talk to your Vet about possible underlying causes of your pup's anxiety and if hemp seed oil would be a good solution to help manage it.
At BUDDYPET, we recommend Marley hemp seed oil for anxiety in adult dogs and Milly for seniors. Add directly to food or have them lick it straight off a spoon. 99% of our customers report improvement in their pet’s mood after two weeks of daily use. | <urn:uuid:2ce83e48-2ace-463e-b556-f6389b05daa6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://buddypet.co/en-us/blogs/learn/dogs-anxiety-how-to-help-your-best-friend-feel-better | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.943374 | 2,249 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Almost 70% of adult smokers say they want to quit; the most common reason given is concern about their health. There is no point in telling people that smoking can cause heart attacks, cancer and death. The smoker can see that every time they buy a packet of cigarettes. Hypnotherapists help many smokers achieve their goal of quitting on a regular basis. It is a well-known area of our work, and the results we produce are quite astounding, that’s why ex-smokers send their friends and family members to us. Deciding to become a smoker is not a decision that most people take logically. It is an emotional decision taken at a subconscious level. Therefore, any decision to stop needs to be taken at that same level. Quite simply, this is why hypnosis is such a successful way to give up smoking cigarettes. Many people considering stopping smoking feel that their true choice is being taken away from them. The secret of hypnotherapy is that it gets people to use their imagination to create a non-smoking future. This often feels very positive and empowering. Stopping smoking becomes the positive and definite choice.
Hypnotherapy is an extraordinarily powerful means of bringing about a shift in thinking, which enables people to stop smoking. This is achieved by aligning the “subconscious” beliefs, habits and associations with the “conscious” choice of the client to stop smoking. Often the client feels in conflict… part of them wants to quit (the conscious mind) and part of them doesn’t (the subconscious mind).
When a client comes for Hypnotherapy they hold a firm belief that they are a smoker, even though they have made a conscious choice to stop smoking. They also have created fixed habits and associations in connection with their smoking i.e. ; they may smoke while driving, after a meal, with a coffee or first thing in the morning. The way the client feels about their beliefs, habits and associations must be changed to allow them to feel and act differently when they go back into those old situations they used to smoke in.
The first thing to do is contact the HypnoHut and book an initial free consult with us. During this we will explain to you how it all works, what to expect. Should you decide at that point that you would wish to proceed, we will develop a treatment plan to give you the ability to move beyond your smoking habit. | <urn:uuid:fe599219-2f13-4472-87f5-0ac5ca7a48c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.roadofchange.co.uk/treatment/smoking/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.972352 | 494 | 1.75 | 2 |
Rotifer Growth Under Astaxanthin Enrichment
MetadataShow full item record
Rotifers and astaxanthin both play an important part in the aquaculture industry. Rotifers are used as a substitute for copepods, the main source of food for larval fish in natural systems, due to the ease with which they can be cultured. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid and antioxidant which brightens the coloring of fish and improves fish health. Rotifers are believed to be a method through which astaxanthin can be bioencapsulated and vectored to larval fish. As a result, it is important to understand the effect of astaxanthin on rotifers themselves. This experiment uses a multitude of different protocols to determine how different astaxanthin compounds effects rotifers on both the individual and population levels. Reproductive tables and fluorescent imaging were used to assess the health of individual rotifers; population density measurements in mass cultures were used to assess rotifer population health. The reproductive ability of rotifers was significantly different from control under multiple astaxanthin treatments. Astaxanthin enrichment also created a higher stable population density in the mass cultures. The fluorescent imaging showed that the rotifers reached peak astaxanthin concentration within the rotifer gut after 3 hours, and but concentration returned to control levels within 24 hours of removal from astaxanthin. These results all point to the fact that astaxanthin helps to increase rotifer health and fitness, and that these rotifers could be used as a vector for astaxanthin to larval fish. | <urn:uuid:724bfaf6-ddd6-4982-af4b-09bca3403cbc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://smartech.gatech.edu/handle/1853/58474 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.935563 | 347 | 3.484375 | 3 |
Nuclear alert: Pyongyang's chemical & biological weapons threat
While the international community has focused on Pyongyang’s nuclear program and missile tests, there remain another catastrophic possibility leading to a dangerous escalation: a moment of North Korean chemical and biological madness
By Can Kasapoglu
A few days ago, some press sources claimed that the United States Air Force was preparing to put its B-52 strategic bombers on very high alert status for nuclear missions.
The news story was of utmost importance because these legacy bombers have not been assigned to 24-hour, ready-to-fly status since the end of the Cold War.
Although an air force spokesman denied the claims, it was underlined that such a decision could be taken by the U.S. Strategic Command, which is responsible for a sensitive portfolio, ranging from nuclear operations to global missile defense and space operations.
Furthermore, the air force did not deny news articles suggesting the Pentagon had been working on improving the necessary infrastructure and logistics, such as “alert pads” at Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana, to boost the bomber fleet’s nuclear deployment capabilities.
In fact, while the international community has focused on Pyongyang’s nuclear program and missile tests, there remains another catastrophic possibility that could lead to a dangerous escalation: a moment of North Korean chemical and biological madness.
In order to grasp the essence of the issue, first and foremost, one should develop a robust understanding of high nuclear alert status and levels of nuclear planning.
For starters, a country’s nuclear arsenal is not merely tantamount to the number of operational assets that can be launched at short notice. Such a nuclear posture is not feasible due to economic burdens, operational
Instead, the majority of nuclear warheads are stored in stockpiles separately from delivery platforms. The remaining assets are kept ready by being mated with their delivery means. These arms are called “deployed nuclear weapons”.
Additionally, not all nations “deploy” their nuclear weapons at a given time. Of the nuclear-capable countries in the world, it is believed that only the U.S., Russia, France and the U.K. prefer deploying between 20 to 27 percent of their nuclear arsenals, according to various open-source estimates.
While the U.K. and France (leaving aside tactical nukes) rely on nuclear-capable submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM) loaded on ballistic missile submarines, Russia and the U.S., which account for more than 90 percent of the world’s deployed strategic nuclear weapons, have operationally ready inter-continental ballistic missiles (ICBM) as well as SLBMs.
Of these deployed nuclear weapons, high-alert status refers to deliverable assets to be launched on very short notice during possible escalations, say an ICBM that stays ready-to-launch in less than 15 minutes.
Open-source estimates suggest that there are currently more than 1,800 deployed nuclear weapons.
Given the presence of advanced multiple independent re-entry vehicles and higher-yield warheads in contemporary military arsenals, such a formidable build up definitely marks a set of
So, should the U.S. Strategic Command indeed decide to put the B-52s on high nuclear alert status, what would such a move tell us?
As explained earlier, high alert status would mean that the assigned B-52s will no longer be separated from their nuclear munitions and will be kept at very high operational readiness to kick off any strategic strike mission within minutes.
At this point, having some technical insight into the B-52 Stratofortress would be timely.
This Cold War legacy giant platform is reported to fly at an altitude of up to 50,000 feet (16,700 meters) at subsonic speeds. It can carry a wide array of munitions including the nukes.
With new targeting pod upgrades, this platform’s combat efficiency in delivering advanced munitions will be improved.
Given the very fact that this flying beast could carry more than 30 tons of payload, one could easily imagine that B-52s could unleash catastrophic destruction onto their targets.
However, under which conditions could the U.S. administration opt for ordering a nuclear strike on North Korea?
For a moment, let’s imagine a low-probability/high-impact scenario: The U.S. initiates a limited nuclear strike to throw a decisive and really intimidating swing at North Korea.
Although this would remain a “thinking the unthinkable” option, Pyongyang’s one
The move that could open the Pandora’s box would be a biological or chemical first strike on U.S. allies or forward deployed American troops.
Alarmingly, the Kim dynasty of North Korea enjoys the most formidable chemical and biological weapons (CBW) inventory in the world.
This extremely lethal arsenal is believed to include some real wildcards, such as the persistent nerve agent VX, the resilient bio-weapon anthrax, as well as smallpox, an extremely lethal pathogen that has been eradicated in its natural form.
Many skeptics might question the probability of a nuclear response to a non-nuclear but still WMD-driven attack initiated by Pyongyang.
In fact, the 2010 U.S. Nuclear Posture Review already addressed this tricky issue as follows: “… the United States affirms that any state eligible for the assurance that uses chemical or biological weapons against the United States or its allies and partners would face the prospect of a devastating conventional military response -- and that any individuals responsible for the attack, whether national leaders or military commanders, would be held fully accountable.
“Given the catastrophic potential of biological weapons and the rapid pace of
In the North Korean case, the abovementioned nuclear ambiguity vis-a-vis non-nuclear WMDs may well be interpreted as confirmation of retaliation against a devastating chemical and/or biological warfare campaign.
Also, just to remove any remaining doubts that the readers could still have, a massive chemical and biological warfare campaign that employed the most lethal and persistent agents could cost hundreds of thousands of lives.
In particular, industrialized countries with high population densities and intensive transportation infrastructures, such as Japan or South Korea, are extremely vulnerable to the CBW threat.
Last but not least, North Korea enjoys a notorious advantage in conducted human experiments as part of its CBW program. Technically speaking, human experiments are the most monstrous yet the most effective way of boosting the lethality of these weapons of terror.
All in all, although it is still a low-probability/high-impact scenario, there remains a risk of WMD bonanza on the Korean peninsula.
If such a day ever comes, it would not only mark a regretful milestone for the region but also a series of vital international violations that would sound pessimistic for the future of humanity.
[ Can Kasapoglu is a defense analyst at Istanbul-based think-tank the Centre for Economics and Foreign Policy. ]
* Opinions expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Anadolu AgencyAnadolu Agency website contains only a portion of the news stories offered to subscribers in the AA News Broadcasting System (HAS), and in summarized form. Please contact us for subscription options. | <urn:uuid:b37de46c-0938-479a-bc5d-df17dad31b82> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aa.com.tr/en/analysis-news/nuclear-alert-pyongyangs-chemical-biological-weapons-threat/949296 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936794 | 1,525 | 2.34375 | 2 |
3.2 EQUALLY WEIGHTED PORTFOLIOS
Naive diversification refers to the formation of equally weighted portfolios. Here we want to examine the impact of naive diversification on portfolio risk. Recall, that portfolio risk is defined as the standard deviation of portfolio returns, which we cover in Chapter 2 (see topic 2.9, Portfolio Statistics).
A major advantage of quantifying risk is that you can then identify both analytical and empirical properties of risk. Many empirical studies have examined the impact of portfolio size on portfolio risk. A common finding (e.g., see, Evans and Archer (1968)) is that the diversification benefits, provided from randomly forming equally weighted portfolios of different sizes, become insignificant beyond 15 to 20 securities. This result is graphed in Figure 3.1. It means that a small low-transaction cost portfolio can be almost as effective as a very large naively formed portfolio.
Naive Diversification and Risk
To understand why this is so, let us consider the expressions for the sample variance and standard deviation of portfolio returns. The sample variance is defined as:
The proportion of any security i isai, and the portfolio standard deviation is the square root of the variance.
Naive diversification means that an equal proportion of wealth is allocated to each security in a portfolio. As a result, the proportionsai all equal 1/n if there are n securities in the portfolio. This simplifies the portfolio variance equation to:
The covariance term (cov) is the sample variance when i equals j, and the sample covariance when i is not equal to j. Note that there are n variance terms and n(n - 1) covariance terms, and we can write the sample variance as:
If variances are all finite (i.e., bounded above by some number "var"), and covariances are all finite (i.e., bounded above by some number "covar"), then we can rewrite this equation as:
The first term on the right hand side of this equation reduces to (var/n) and the second term [(n-1)covar]/n. Since both "var" and "covar" are finite numbers, as n grows large, the first term approaches zero and second term approaches covar. Therefore, the variance terms (i.e., the firm-specific risk) become negligible, and can be called diversifiable risk. Since the covariance terms remain, this source of risk is referred to as non-diversifiable.
These concepts are applied to the Three-Firm Case.
(C) Copyright 1999, OS Financial Trading System | <urn:uuid:63c265cf-12c1-456c-8760-3e8a84e3a46a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://capmtutor.com/chp33.2.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.902288 | 561 | 2.1875 | 2 |
December 28, 2021
Anti-fossil-fuel climate policies increase energy prices, blackouts and death tolls.
November 10, 2021
Climate alarmists intend to keep poor nations energy-deprived, impoverished, jobless, dying.
November 3, 2021
If it doesn’t, activists and governing classes will destroy middle class jobs, families and lives.
October 23, 2021
The party of slavery, segregation and the Klan now runs eco-slavery operations.
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Don't bother reading this book's fanciful fear mongering.
September 14, 2021
Critical race theory, mask and vaccine mandates, and more increase the need for stress relief.
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Prevailing ‘ethics’ models ignore vital energy, environmental, labor and human rights issues
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Mr. Biden will “preserve 30% of our land” – and blanket America with wind, solar and landfills
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Totalitarian actions in the name of ‘climate change’ threaten wildlife, people and freedoms.
June 7, 2021
Even if we hew to politicized science on Covid and climate, can’t we do real science on food? | <urn:uuid:6f0ab255-b530-4d21-947d-436959cb2bae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.heartland.org/policybot/?q=&author=paul-driessen&page=2&view=10 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.839266 | 263 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Building a well-crafted electric guitar or bass requires patience. As tempting as it can be to rush or cut corners, the most successful builds ultimately go to those with the patience to take all the necessary steps, no matter how tedious. One such step, often skipped by the impatient or the inexperienced, is properly drilling the guide-holes for all the wood-screws that must be used. So let’s talk about guide-holes, see why they are so critical, and figure out how to drill them properly.
Two Paths You Can Go By
To begin with, there are two kinds of guide-holes. The first type is called a clearance-hole, and it is used when the purpose of the wood-screw is to draw two pieces of wood together. A clearance-hole is drilled just large enough for the screw to pass through without biting into the wood. Trying to join two pieces of wood together without a clearance-hole in one of them usually results in a gap between them. This happens because the screw tightens into the first piece of wood before it has tightened into the second. Drilling a clearance hole into the first piece of wood allows the screw to draw the two materials together before it cinches tight.
The second type of guide-hole is called a pilot-hole. A pilot-hole is used when a screw will be driven into a single piece of wood. It relieves the pressure the screw will exert as it wedges itself into place. Without a pilot-hole, this pressure puts the wood at risk of splitting or cracking, usually along the grain lines.
The neck joint of a “bolt-on” style electric guitar is a perfect example of both clearance-holes and pilot-holes. Because the purpose of the neck screws is to draw the neck and the body together, clearance-holes are drilled in the body. They allow the screws to pass through the body and pull the neck up against it as they are tightened. Pilot-holes are drilled into the neck itself, to relieve pressure on the wood and keep it from splitting as the neck-screws bite into it
The Pilot Program
Most of the guide-holes you will be required to drill when assembling a guitar are pilot-holes, for all of the various screw-mounted hardware; things like tuners, string trees, strap buttons, control plates, output jacks, and pickup rings. Let’s talk about how to do this properly.
In order to be effective, pilot-holes must be drilled to the correct size and depth. There is a common misconception that pilot-holes should be as small as possible. Untrue. Pilot-holes that are too small do not fully mitigate the possibility of splitting the wood. Pilot-holes should be as large as they can possibly be, leaving just enough wood for a screw to bite into and hold securely.
A properly drilled pilot-hole should be the same diameter as a screw’s “root” or “minor” diameter. This is the center core that runs the length of the screw within the threads. This will relieve the necessary pressure, while leaving ample wood for the threads. It is also important to know the screw’s “thread” or “major” diameter size, or the outermost diameter of the threads. To find these dimensions, use a digital caliper. Measuring the outer threads quickly gives you the thread diameter. For proper bite, the pilot-hole you drill must be smaller than this.
If the screw’s threads are large enough you can measure its root diameter size by using the sharpened nose of the caliper between the threads. If the screw is too small for this, look for a drill bit that is about 30% smaller than the major diameter size. I never rely on my eyeballs for this, or on the manufacturer’s dimensions stamped on the bit. I always use my caliper to measure both the screw and the bit.
To drill your pilot-hole to the correct depth, first pass your wood-screw through the hardware it will be mounting, and then hold your drill bit alongside it. You can now easily see how deep the hole must be. Mark this depth by wrapping a small piece of masking tape around the bit. As you drill the hole, keep an eye on the masking tape. When it reaches the surface of the wood, your hole is the correct depth.
As you drive the screw into the wood you should feel some resistance, but not too much. If you really have to work at it, the pilot-hole is too small. Stop. Don’t force anything. Besides splitting the wood, you also run the risk of twisting the head off the screw, leaving the shank embedded in the wood – a vexing problem with no easy fix. Be patient and remain calm. Back the screw out, re-measure, and re-drill the hole. For guide-holes that will be repeated multiple times, like tuner mounting screws, always drill one and test to make sure it’s right before drilling the rest.
Fixing a Hole
Some other things to consider: If the wood you drilled your pilot-hole into has a hard finish on it, you’ll want to chamfer the edges. “Chamfering” is the process of creating a slight bevel around the lip of the hole. This bevel “pushes back” the brittle layer of paint around the immediate edge of the hole, so that the screw’s threads don’t have to cut through it, risking paint chips, cracks, and flakes.
Also, don’t forget to take into account the species of wood you are drilling into, and its properties. Some woods are soft and forgiving, while others are hard and brittle. Larger pilot-holes are required in the latter. Roasted Maple, for example, requires larger pilot-holes than standard Maple. As always, pay attention to how much resistance you feel as you drive the screw into the wood. If you feel too much, stop and reassess the pilot-hole size.
One last thing: never trust a manufacturer’s pre-drilled guide-holes. While such holes are convenient for marking location, you can’t assume their dimensions are correct. This is primarily because the manufacturer has no idea which wood-screws you intend to use. Secondarily, the wood your body or neck is made of might have expanded or contracted as it adjusted to your local temperature and humidity, altering the original size of the pilot-holes. For proper fit it is always necessary to measure. On a related note, you should never assume pre-drilled holes for mounting hardware are a perfect fit either. Manufacturing tolerances on hardware vary, and pieces like bridge studs and tuner bushings should always be measured and compared to the actual size of the guide-hole.
Taking the time to measure everything and drill proper guide-holes may seem tedious and time-consuming, but the problems that could arise from not drilling them properly are exponentially worse. As you learn and gain experience, it is always useful to practice on scrap wood. Even after you have become proficient with drilling guide-holes, it never hurts to take a practice swing or two before stepping up to the plate.
Do you have any more tips or tricks about guide-holes? How about disaster stories? Share them with us!
Since 1980, Warmoth has been the standard in American-made bodies and necks for electric guitars and basses. During that time, they have helped countless players customize, personalize, and improve their instruments. They have also helped to pioneer many advancements in guitar technology, including the compound radius fretboard, the conversion neck, and the “drop-top” laminate top. Visit the Wormoth Blog for more great guitar tips like this or visit Warmoth.com to check out the most beautiful instrument bodies and necks known to mankind. You can also connect with Warmoth on LinkedIn, Google+, Pinterest, Twitter and Facebook | <urn:uuid:d56c0e34-33ba-4eda-b7cf-5871044ae5c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tmrzoo.com/2016/70474/a-guide-to-guide-holes-or-how-not-to-crack-your-headstock | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.953058 | 1,674 | 2.765625 | 3 |
The Office is a British sitcom television series that was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC Two on 9 July 2001. Created, written, and directed by Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant, the programme is about the day-to-day lives of office employees in the Slough branch of the fictitious Wernham Hogg Paper Company. Gervais also stars in the series, playing the central character, David Brent. Although fictional and scripted, the programme takes the form of a documentary, with the presence of the camera often acknowledged.
Two six-episode series were made, along with a pair of 45-minute Christmas specials. When it was first shown on BBC Two, it was nearly cancelled due to low ratings, but has since become one of the most successful of all British comedy exports. As well as being shown internationally on BBC Worldwide, channels such as BBC Prime, BBC America and BBC Canada, the series has been sold to broadcasters in over 80 countries, including ABC1 in Australia, The Comedy Network in Canada, TVNZ in New Zealand and the pan-Asian satellite channel STAR World, based in Hong Kong. The show began airing in The United States on Cartoon Network’s late night programing block, Adult Swim on 18 September 2009 until 2012. | <urn:uuid:205e5b27-07f8-4887-9530-333129457eed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://couchtuner.co/show/the-office-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.977152 | 257 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Weird ScienceSeries Episode Number: 20
World Premiere: Sat 28 May 2005 - 7:45pm BST [BBC Three] (United Kingdom)
First Broadcast: Fri 25 May 2007 - 10:45pm EDT [WQLN]
Running Time: 30 minutes
BBC Genome Project: see entry
This episode goes behind the scenes of The Doctor Dances
Simon Pegg narrates a behind-the-scenes look at the new series of Doctor Who, following the production team, writers and cast as they bring the Time Lord back to the screen. A look at the strange science of Doctor Who, from the fantastical nanogenes to the technical gizmos and gadgets. Not forgetting, of course, the sonic screwdriver.
|Self||Russell T Davies| | <urn:uuid:c0f318f8-a2cb-4a3a-8ddc-34a4e52e8fc0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://guide.doctorwhonews.net/story.php?story=DWCWeirdScience/1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.774047 | 223 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Welcome to St Joseph’s Catholic Primary School.
Together we are inspired, by the life of St Joseph, to live, love and learn!
St Joseph’s is a small half-form entry school with four mixed aged classes catering for children aged 4 to 11 years. We are a warm and caring school; visitors, staff, governors and parents often comment on the ‘feel’ of the school and how special the atmosphere is. We pride ourselves on our distinctive Catholic ethos.
At St Joseph’s, diversity, equity, and inclusion are at the core of who we are, they are central to our Catholic ethos. Our commitment to these values is unwavering- we celebrate the uniqueness of all our pupils and our wider community. Pope Francis tells us: ‘Diversity is a richness!’
Through love and as a community, we share, inspire and motivate our children so they can be the best they can be. As a community we believe passionately in education and as a school we strive to provide a rich and varied curriculum to enrich our children’s lives.
At St Joseph’s we consider ourselves a family and all believe in the importance of home, school and parish community links. As Christian educators we strive to ensure children excel, not just academically but in faith and as individuals. Our children learn to love themselves, love each other, the world around them and to love God.
Children learn best when they are happy and the staff work hard to ensure that they know the children well and that the children develop good behaviour for learning. We have high expectations of our children and this includes their behaviour, attendance, punctuality, uniform and mutual respect for one another.
We hope you will take time to browse our website to find out more about what makes St Joseph’s such a special place to work, learn and play.
God Bless, Mrs Maguire
As Catholic Educators we aim to...
Search for EXCELLENCE
Nurture the UNIQUENESS of the individual
Strive for the education of the WHOLE person
Value education for ALL
Develop MORAL principles
Encourage our children to be WITNESSES of the world
St Joseph's Catholic Primary School is part of The Rosary Trust.
For more information please see: https://www.therosarytrust.co.uk/ | <urn:uuid:8a52e96d-dbb8-40b5-899e-0d3c1e1a30be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.st-josephs-dovercourt.essex.sch.uk/headteachers-welcome/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.935564 | 497 | 1.53125 | 2 |
The second year of the global pandemic was a tumultuous one for Australia’s government.
Climate change also dominated politics, with Scott Morrison committing to net zero emissions by 2050 at COP-26.
Internationally, 2021 began with democracy taking a blow as rioters stormed the US Capitol Hill building following Donald Trump’s election defeat to Joe Biden.
So what do we now know about politics after the events of 2021? And what is 2022 likely to have in store?
We asked three University of Melbourne experts for their take on 2021. Dr Clayton Chin is a Senior Lecturer in Political Theory in the School of Social and Political Sciences; Jenny Macklin is a Vice-Chancellor’s Fellow in the Melbourne School of Government; and Associate Professor Tom Daly is the Deputy Director of the Melbourne School of Government.
DR CLAYTON CHIN
There are deep ideological divisions separating members of contemporary Western liberal democracies.
On the one hand, this is common sense, but these divisions aren’t only around the economy, the role of religion, or identity politics. With the rise and persistence of anti-lockdown, anti-mask and anti-vaccination protests, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed fundamental divisions over the identity of Western political communities.
In December, ‘freedom’ protestors converged on the rural Victorian town of Ballarat to ‘reclaim’ the Eureka flag famously flown at the Battle of the Eureka Stockade which ended the rebellion.
It is now a symbol often identified with the growth of democratic enfranchisement in Australia and of the power of political disobedience.
Protests like this around the world have consistently drawn on the language of individual freedom and personal choice to justify opposition to vaccines, masks and lockdown restrictions.
The latter are construed as government overreach or seen as states oppressively mandating what goes into and onto our bodies, or viewed as a fundamental restriction on freedom to move and associate.
These claims can be confusing for other citizens who see vaccines and restrictions as simply governments performing their necessary function of pursuing collective action in order to ward off a public health crisis and protect the political community.
In this way, the unique nature of the pandemic crisis has exposed a fundamental difference in how contemporary citizens see the political community and the state.
Unlike climate change, which is a slow-burning crisis building year-on-year, the pandemic is fast moving with immediate visible consequences, often close to home.
But unlike other fast crises (like a recession), it imposed visible and obvious changes on the everyday lives of all citizens in the forms of lockdowns, mask wearing and vaccination.
It required a high level of compliance with the state and for citizens to embrace state-led collective action on a problem. However, doing this requires some level of identity with the state and a feeling of belonging to the political community it represents.
But the current tensions around science, personal responsibility, public good and state action that have plagued climate change politics are the same.
In this way, the pandemic exposes the battles to come as those opposed to collective action directed by states employ the language of choice and individual freedom to avoid participating in the social costs of addressing deep crises.
It also exposes that large sectors of western liberal democracy have been so individualistic and/or suspicious of the state that they don’t feel any level of belonging.
In 2021, the rage against the mistreatment of women, embodied by the March4Justice protests, finally broke through in Australia as a real political force.
And there’s no going back.
Women across all walks of life in Australia are enraged. They have lost patience at being treated with violence and abuse – a woman is murdered by a partner or former partner every week.
Women are now looking for leadership from all political parties that the issue is going to be taken seriously.
This force for change has been led by two young women survivors being prepared to speak up. Grace Tame as Australian of the Year has been extraordinary in bringing this issue to the fore and Brittany Higgins has done the same in focusing attention on the terrible behaviour that has been tolerated in the parliament.
Most importantly however the willingness of these women and others like them to speak out has led to a blue print for action to reform the parliament.
Sex discrimination Commissioner Kate Jenkins’ excellent review into parliamentary workplaces includes a range of critical recommendations, including the establishment of an Office of Parliamentarian Staff and Culture to provide up to date human resources support, the introduction of a Code of Conduct, and the creation of an Independent Parliamentary Standards Commission to not only respond to complaints of bullying, harassment and sexual assault, but to also enforce the code and recommend sanctions.
In our book Enough is Enough, Kate Thwaites and I emphasised that the problem can’t be tackled unless men are held to account, and Jenkins’ report shows how this can be done.
When someone is found to be a harasser or an abuser there must be consequences – they can’t just be allowed to get away with it.
Jenkins has also recommended that targets be set for achieving gender parity among parliamentarians. This will be enormously important in driving real change but it will need conscious effort because it won’t happen on its own.
When I entered parliament as a Labor MP in 1996 there were only four women on our side in the House of Representatives. Now Labor is approaching parity with 46.3 percent women in the Federal Parliament compared with only 22.9 percent for the Liberals.
But this sort of structural change has only happened because Labor women were prepared to fight for the successful adoption by the ALP of quotas in the 1990s – plenty of men within the party would have preferred that hadn’t happened.
Even then it has taken 30 years to get to where we are now. But this is the sort of direct action that is needed.
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR TOM DALY
2021 revealed, by turns, the fragility, distortions, and resilience of democracy in Australia and worldwide, with the pandemic continuing to act as both mirror and catalyst.
Protests in Melbourne against vaccine mandates and Victoria’s emergency powers Pandemic Bill laid bare the dire state of our information environment, with a mixture of conspiracy theories and misinformation concerning lockdown, vaccines and the nature of the Bill, as well as violent imagery, mirroring similar dynamics in democracies across the globe.
It has highlighted the role of social media like Facebook and YouTube as “behaviour modification empires” – we can see the results on our streets, but we still have no idea how to tackle this central problem.
Media magnification of what are ultimately fringe movements has overshadowed very real concerns.
Critics of Victoria’s Bill, for instance, have called for more parliamentary scrutiny and strengthening protest rights. With acute concerns worldwide about the normalisation or expansion of COVID-19 emergency powers, getting this democratic balance right really matters.
More positively, the evidence tells us that in Australia the overwhelming majority of the public hasn’t fallen down the conspiracy rabbit hole: by mid-December 89.5 per cent of Australians aged 16 and over had received their second dose – an extremely high rate by international standards.
We are still trying to pin down what this tells us about Australian democracy compared to vaccine hesitancy (as we’ve seen in Germany) when it comes to trust in government, community solidarity or possibly quiescence to authority.
At the extreme, the extraordinary support for Western Australia’s Premier Mark McGowan’s hardline COVID-19 response provides a window into democracy without a viable opposition – an issue also raised in Japan’s October elections.
The year has closed with the Biden administration’s landmark international Summit for Democracy on 9-10 December focused on confronting authoritarianism, corruption, and human rights.
Just 11 months after the 6 January assault on the Capitol, the USA’s unresolved domestic challenges have loomed large, as have coups and takeovers in Myanmar and Tunisia, and ongoing crisis everywhere from Poland to India.
We are reminded that democracy’s problems cannot simply be blamed on hostile foreign powers. They are a generational challenge requiring serious and sustained leadership.
That leadership can seem in short supply. But, dig a little deeper, and you see leadership all around us as politicians and civil society leaders have responded to COVID challenges with creativity, including at the local level.
Which brings us to Australia’s federal elections in 2022. While we pore over polls and politicking, that fundamental question of sincere, far-sighted, big-picture leadership cannot be escaped. From integrity to the climate crisis, from the Voice to Parliament to intergenerational justice, easy fixes or piecemeal policy simply won’t cut it if Australia’s pressing challenges are to be met.
And Australians deserve nothing less.
Banner: Getty Images | <urn:uuid:d0aee907-dbb7-4131-94b7-76041a72ef70> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pursuit.unimelb.edu.au/articles/what-we-know-about-politics-after-2021 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949802 | 1,853 | 2.203125 | 2 |
We all eat; it’s a fact of life. What we chose to eat is up to us, whether we decide to hit a fast-food drive through on our way home or whether we head home after work to a pot roast and vegetables in the slow cooker. Why not make the choice to eat at least some locally grown food?
Growing produce yourself is one option. Nothing could be fresher than when you walk into your back yard garden, pick some lettuce, tomatoes and a cucumber, and immediately prepare yourself a salad. If you don’t have the room in your back yard, but want to try growing some produce, check into the local community garden scene. There are several community gardens open to the public, but space is generally limited so you should reserve your space early.
If you aren’t into gardening, Muskingum County is blessed to have several farmers’ markets and road-side stands that sell locally grown, fresh produce. Some markets have vendors selling locally raised meats. These markets and stands give the consumer the chance to meet the people growing the food they are purchasing. Buyers can ask questions about growing methods used, environmental practices employed, and even how to store and prepare the food purchased Through the exchanges at markets and stands, farmers are given the chance to educate consumers on the health benefits of their food and about their farming practices.
The warm weather we have had in the past week or so has me thinking of spring, and the delicious fresh food that comes with it! Some of the first things that are available are asparagus, rhubarb, and salad greens. While these items can usually be purchased at a grocery store year round, there are advantages to waiting until locally grown versions of the fruits and vegetables are available.
Most people agree that food grown locally, and in season, tastes better than food that has been shipped into our area. Compare the strawberries that are currently available in the grocery stores (that are shipped in from Florida or California) to those that you can buy locally in late-May or early-June. The local berries are usually smaller, and more expensive, but the taste difference is worth the wait and cost! Locally grown food is picked at the peak of ripeness, usually within hours of it being available for purchase. Food that is shipped in is picked before it ripens, thus reducing the amount of nutrients it contains. Less time in transport means less spoilage also.
Local food can create a sense of community and provide a social experience. I can’t go to the farmers’ market and get out in and out in under an hour because I stop to visit with everyone, even if I don’t buy their produce that day! Community gardens often function as outdoor community centers in some neighborhoods. People gather in the evenings to work on the plots, pick their produce, and visit with neighbors. I think that this sense of community is something most of us could use more of in today’s solitary, technology-driven world.
Shopping locally helps support the local economy. The funds are used by the local farmer to support their farm and possibly other employees. An economically stable farm preserves green space and keeps the land in production instead of it being developed into housing, shopping centers, or manufacturing sites.
It may be impossible to eat locally year-round in Ohio; after all, sometimes you just really want strawberries in February. But I encourage you to try to include more locally grown produce and meats in your meals this coming year. In the process you will be helping the local economy and environment. | <urn:uuid:0b2154fc-90d7-4ba5-bff7-07efa1d19f40> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.muskingumswcd.org/Resources/Blog/Eat-Locally-Grown-Foods-2019-02-15/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968478 | 733 | 2.828125 | 3 |
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Great way for family fun...full of facts and just plain "wow".."I can't believe someone did that!!" All ages love this book but some of the pictures and records are not for small children to view..just weird or disturbing..but, always interesting!
Ordered this a while back, and have used it on/off on days I skip working out to try and cut down a little.
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An inspirational history book can touch your heart and the hearts of those who hear your story. The best of them, the most inspiring books have that special something that brings them to life, make you laugh, make you cry, or just make you feel alive and real. One such book is “ires,” by Pamela Smith. It’s a quick read, but one that will linger in your mind long after you’ve turned the last page. I can’t explain what an amazing experience it was to me to know that there were women like my mother who not only did incredible things in their lives, but who also were great role models for women all over the world.
This is a wonderful inspirational history book about a little girl from a poor family in nineteenth century Ireland. Her parents, Earnest and Sarah Joseph, didn’t have much, but they loved their daughter. “Rise Like Roses” tells about their daughter Emmeline, who was just a baby when the Irish fled their country to avoid conscription. They ended up in England, and she was brought up by foster families. She was barely a year old when her family arrived in the United States, and she was so small that the family had to give her clothing, and blankets.
This is a great inspirational book about a young woman who helped shape the future of European and American politics. The book tells about the beautiful photography that Earnest took of his sweetheart on the eve of the Irish declaration of independence. The beautiful photography helped shape how that future would be forever remembered. It shows exactly how photography helped shape how we see a beautiful woman who refused to stand for anything less than a great and honorable death.
Inspirational History Book Series
This is a very charming and touching read about the life of a beautiful woman who loved her father very much and always tried to follow in his footsteps. This is a love story between a father and his daughter, and it’s an amazing journey into the modern world of Ireland. It tells how a simple love affair blossomed into something much larger than either expected. It’s a good little rich history book about the importance of showing love and photography. It helped shape the values and opinions we have today.
This is another highly recommended, beautifully inspirational history book with similar fields of interest. Jennifer Gunning has done a wonderful job of interlacing the personal lives of historical figures like Anne Boleyn, Cleopatra, and Queen Elizabeth. The book has many special features highlighting how similar fields of interest influenced each of these historical figures, and how these overlapped in surprising ways.
The last book I’ll mention is “Why We Want You More Than You Want Me: What Every Mother Needs to Know to Keep her Children Safe.” This is a rich history book that talks about how mothers can keep their children safe in an abusive environment. It discusses topics like how to protect a young child from sexual assault or even being killed by someone known to them. It shows what mistakes mothers can make with their children, and how by doing the right things, they can help them overcome those mistakes and get better. Jennifer Gunning does a great job of explaining these ideas in a clear and memorable way.
In The End
The last four chapters of this inspirational history book series discussed several other important topics such as what makes a girl appealing to a guy, why super smart girls are more likely to get into the University, and how important family life and friendship are for a child’s development. It also brought up some of the different, remarkable women throughout history that have influenced and continue to influence society in their lives. Finally, it linked the different remarkable women with some of their achievements and briefly mentioned where you can find some of their works. Overall, this was a very good read and I really enjoyed learning about some of the most important women throughout history. I highly recommend this series if you are looking for a great and entertaining read that will inspire you to do great things in your own life and teach you valuable lessons. | <urn:uuid:ec2a093f-50a1-4482-8658-3e20f3dcb723> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://genuinelife.net/whats-so-exciting-about-inspirational-history-book-series/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.9748 | 837 | 2.359375 | 2 |
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Many people in cities and remote areas throughout Vietnam are living with unsafe water from rivers and ground water which are polluted by garbage and uncontrolled waste.
People have bad habits of throwing garbage, dead animals, bottles of insecticides and herbicides into rivers, streams and lakes. Water and liquid waste without treatment from resident areas, factories, hospitals and even mines is freely charged into nature.
In many places, villagers have to take water from pools kilometers away from their homes or collect rain water for their daily uses.
Water pollution results from poor law enforcement bodies and public awareness of environmental protection.
On March 16, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment called on all cities and provinces to promote communications on saving and protecting water resources.
The ministry said sustainably managing water resources is an urgent task to protect the indispensable resource in the process of the nation's development.
(Texts and photos by ucanews.com reporter) | <urn:uuid:9502389a-9738-416e-9604-23409b42d8c7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ucanews.com/gallery/vietnamese-suffer-increasing-water-pollution/363 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947697 | 187 | 3.59375 | 4 |
With the busy lives we all live, it can be tricky to find the time to spend together as a family. If you find yourselves with a day off, take advantage of every precious moment, and declare a Family Day! Unfortunately, it’s not a statutory holiday, but it’s a notion everyone can get behind.
Treat the family to a day filled with fun. Whether you choose to cozy up indoors, or celebrate in the great outdoors, there are endless activities that allow you to create memories. And just as important as the time you spend with them, be sure to give your kids support for a growing mind and body with IronKids® Omega-3 Gummies. Because a healthy kid is a happy kid!
From the big city to small towns, odds are there’s something exciting going on in your community, so be sure to check your local listings. Here are a few ideas to celebrate your day together:
And remember, time spent with family should be encourage all year round, just like ensuring your kids take their vitamins!
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Whether you are calculating past revenue growth, analyzing current P&L reports or creating budgets for the following year, proper projections are critical to building a profitable business. The first step in forecasting future revenue and profit is reviewing the past few year’s business and determining the amount of growth your business needs to increase profitability.
Our firm takes the time to review your past year’s P&L reports, analyzing business costs and review revenue growth. We assist in creating the appropriate financial reports and processing to allow for a clear understanding of your company’s financial history. Our staff takes the time to analyze this data and review day to day operations with employees so we can determine the best steps to take in advancing your business.
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We can’t predict the future anymore then you can. Crystal balls simply don’t existing in the business world. Although you cannot predict the future, you can plan for trends in the market by analyzing past year’s performance, reviewing market trends and setting goals. After comprehensive review of this data we help you and your management staff determine where you want to be in the upcoming year and how exactly you will get there.
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Being is a student is one of the best times in everyone’s life. You get to live with your parents without many responsibilities; you only have to maintain yourself and your room. Your parents fulfil every need that might arise. Even in school you are cared for by your teachers. Most importantly, you get tonnes of time to play with your friends and do whatever it is that you like. Still, there are kids who would prefer growing up. You might ask why? It is only because of homework; every child detests it. So is homework harmful or helpful pros and cons?
What is homework? And is homework harmful or helpful pros and cons?
Every class in school has a certain amount of time assigned to it. It becomes very difficult for the teacher to teach everything in this little time. A lot of times there are concepts relevant to what is being taught but it is not going to be tested in the exams. Teachers give this as homework so that their pupils stay on top of everything that is happening around them alongside their designated curriculum in school. Ahead you will see a list of good things and bad things about homework, then ask yourself is homework harmful or helpful pros and cons?
The advantages of doing homework are as follows:
- It teaches time management–
In school a timetable is given to the students which makes sure everything happens in proportion. At home, students have so many things to do, like meet friends, sleep, study, watch TV, play games and much more. When they are given homework they make a time table so that they can do all these things in small amounts without missing out on anything.
- Helps students set priorities–
Every time you think, is homework harmful or helpful pros and cons? Think about this aspect- it helps you prioritize your work. Normally you would want to do only somethings all the time and it would all be very chaotic. But when you are given homework with submission deadlines you learn to decide what work needs more, urgent attention from the lot. Whenever I was given homework I made my timetable around it. That way by prioritising it I made sure it would be completed in time.
- Helps in problem solving–
In classrooms teachers are just a call away. There students aren’t entirely independent when solving problems especially in math. However, at home you know you have no one around to help you with everything so you have to help yourself. And this is very important if you want to learn how to become independent.
- Keeps the parents’ updated–
Parents hardly know what the school teaches their children. Whatever it is that they know is because of the homework their kids are given in school.
By now you must’ve almost made a decision for yourself to this question- is homework harmful or helpful pros and cons?
- Children have to do things against their wishes–
When they leave school to work somewhere or go to college, they realise how helpful homework has been. No child wants to do homework but he/she has to. This is one important and unique characteristic of the real world. You must do things no matter how gravely you detest them. In its own way, homework teaches children small life skills.
- Makes them responsible–
Everyone thinks the education process is only the teacher’s responsibility which is not true in anyway; it is a two-way road. The teachers help in as many ways as they can but in the end the initiative has to come from the child’s side. Things like homework are what make them realise this. Even if they pay attention in class they won’t get an extra edge without homework. This teaches them how much of a difference they can make in their own lives.
- Opportunity to review classwork–
In this process of answering the question- is homework harmful or helpful pros and cons? this is a new angle. Away from all the distractions of a classroom and from their friends, students can run through their classwork peacefully at home. After taking a break from school when they do their homework with a fresh mind it is always more effective. Whenever I got homework, I found it much easier to understand my classwork and remember what I had studied.
Here is another perspective to our eternal question- is homework harmful or helpful pros and cons? This could also lead one to ask about negative effects of homework.
- Eats up all the free time–
Homework takes up a lot of time even after school hours. Had it not been there, students would have time to pursue their hobbies or practice some outdoor sport.
- It burns them out–
As students go to higher classes the burden of their homework increases. After long hours in school, having to spend just as much time doing homework can be very stressful. And on top of that, they have to meet deadlines. It is not fair for them to be under so much pressure at such a tender age.
- Could be wrongly rewarding–
Sometimes when students get a lot of assignments with a very short time to finish everything, they could cheat from one another. This completely defeats the purpose of homework because it teaches them that it’s okay to cheat, you might even get rewarded sometimes.
Like everything else, homework too has two sides to its story. It can be very helpful in helping the child grow into a strong, independent and efficient adult or, it could burn them out with stress before they get a chance to grow. Then it all comes down to the amount of homework they have and the time they get to finish it all. There could also be many alternatives for homework. But given it has been around since the time of the oldest school, it does hold some credibility to its name. No matter how many kids hate homework, it does help in many ways.
In this evergreen debate of ‘is homework harmful or helpful pros and cons’ which side will you take? | <urn:uuid:f2e3fce5-bb7c-45f3-b54e-07bcd1adb306> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://myhomeworkhelp.com/is-homework-harmful-or-helpful-pros-and-cons-what-do-you-think/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.982117 | 1,232 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Promoting the mental health and wellbeing of Deaf persons and their families
Non Profit Organization: Reg nr 164-239 NPO
Deaf persons and their families are faced with enormous communication barriers when they need to access mental health care and services. The risk is that they are misdiagnosed, which results in inappropriate treatment.
Communication difficulties often lead to the incorrect use of medication. Lack of Deaf friendly information contributes to years of suffering of Deaf persons from conditions that can be treated effectively over a short period of time. Psychiatrists and psychologists specialising in mental health and deafness identified several Deaf-specific concerns mental health professionals should be aware of when diagnosing and prescribing treatment.
– provides a network and database for mental health professionals and workers who render services to Deaf persons and their families who experience mental health difficulties. This national and international network offers the opportunity to exchange and broaden knowledge and expertise beneficial for both service providers and users (Deaf persons and their families) of services – promotes positive health and wellbeing for Deaf persons and their families through deaf friendly information and support to mental health service providers – advocates Sign Language proficiency amongst mental health professionals and workers – supports the training of Deaf persons in mental health professions – organise and coordinate special interest groups or forums e.g. hearing parents with Deaf children, deaf parents with hearing children, Deaf children with hearing parents, hearing children with Deaf parents, Deaf professionals in mental health, teachers of Deaf learners, health and wellbeing forum, medication concerns -identify areas for research and liaise with research and training centres – strife to build a diverse and committed membership basis.
The passing away of Mrs. Lisa Stones It is with great sadness that we mourn the loss of the wife of our chairman, Mr. Tim Stones. Mrs. Lisa Stones passed away on the 10th August 2018. All our prayers go out to Mr. Tim Stones, Brendan, Rory and the rest of the family....read more
SASMHD Executive Committee elected at the Biennial Members meeting on 2March 2018 ...read more
Notice to members of the South African Society for Mental Health and Deafness The Biennial Meeting of members will take place on 2nd March 2018 at 14:45 at the Auditorium of the Weskoppies Hospital, Ketjen Street, Pretoria. The meeting will be preceded by a Conference...read more
The Memorial service for Mr. Ernest W Kleinschmidt who passed away on November 27 will take place on Wednesday, December 6 at 10:00 am at the Durbanville Memorial Park, Corner of Darwin and Klipheuwel Road, Durbanville, Cape Town. Die Gedenkdiens vir Mnr. Ernest W...read more
The South African Society for Mental Health and Deafness (SASMHD) is deeply saddened by the passing on of Ernest W Kleinschmidt on Monday, 27 November 2017. He was a well-known leader and activist in the Deaf community and one of the founding members of the South...read more
On 12 January 2016 the South African Society for Mental Health and Deafness (SASMHD) was registered as Non-Profit Organisation in terms of the Non-Profit Organisations Act, 1997 (Act 71 of 1997). The registration number is 164-239 NPO.read more
Scientific Conference 24 July 2015: Programme and Presentations Scientific Morning Programme SASMHD Paul De Wet Deaf MH Psychiatry Funeka Sokudela SASMHD historical perspective July 2015...read more | <urn:uuid:2b364d0a-4e3b-4ce6-8079-8ef7cbc1e68f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://sasmhd.org.za/main/?eo_month=2022-06 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.926032 | 737 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Grands Stepping Up provides much-needed resources for elderly caring for their grandkids
The organization prioritizes helping grandparents overcome the unexpected task of raising a grandchild.
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The opioid crisis in Philadelphia has left an overwhelming amount of families struggling to help their loved ones.
According to statistics provided by the city, over 578 residents died last year due to unintentional drug overdoses.
These sudden deaths break families apart and often leave children without their parents. In their place, grandparents often step up and raise their grandchildren despite lack of financial support or other resources.
One person who is familiar with this pattern is Karen Barnes, the founder and director of Grands Stepping Up (GSU).
She created the nonprofit for grandparents and guardians that found themselves raising and caring for their grandchildren as a result of addiction, incarceration, mental illness, or death.
Barnes, whose daughter suffered from addiction, was left raising her grandchild.
“I was on disability, I didn't have any income and now I have this new baby who has all of these needs,” Barnes said in a recent interview with AL DÍA News.
Not only was she lacking financial support, Barnes was also struggling emotionally and mentally from the new change in her life.
All the support groups she found were also only available during the holidays. Barnes was left figuring out where to get the basic necessities for a newborn.
“I really couldn't afford diapers, wipes, formula, it was a very rough and rocky road,” she said.
Eventually, she sought a support group for other grandparents that have stepped up to care for their grandchildren. She now had other people she could talk to and discuss concerns and frustrations.
However, Barnes had a friend who got a frantic phone call one Friday night, which enabled her to make a momentous decision.
“In Jan. 2020, one friend who I met through the group was raising two of her grandchildren got a phone call from Children and Youth Services (CYS) in Pottstown on a Friday night,” said Barnes. “It was a cold and rainy day, she had an hour to get her third newborn grandchild in an hour or the baby was going to be placed in foster care. She didn't even know her daughter was pregnant with a third child.”
Her friend raced to Pottstown and was suddenly overwhelmed with having to raise a third grandchild.
“She received the baby, a car seat, a bottle, and a couple of outfits. CYS said good luck, we will be at your place in a few weeks to check on him, that's all,” said Barnes
She helped her friend by creating a chain on Facebook, asking for donations to help. In less than 24 hours, neighbors all around Delaware County sent hundreds of baby supplies to Barnes’ friend.
“When I went to bed that night I told myself that I had an obligation, a means to help other people who are struggling,” she said.
Barnes founded Grands Stepping Up (GSU) in February 2020.
But just as her organization began to grow, the COVID-19 pandemic hit Philadelphia, and left many residents unable to pay their bills, including Barnes’ own family.
“I am raising my nine-year-old granddaughter but I also have my daughter who has a feeding tube and her little boys,” she said. “My other daughter was furloughed due to COVID-19 and she has a son as well.”
On top of everything else, Barnes’ brother was diagnosed with COVID-19 and died three days after his diagnosis.
She was devastated by the sudden loss of her brother, but still forged ahead with an additional program for GSU, called Denis’ Pantry, to assist people struggling to feed their families.
To house the pantry, Barnes got space from Pastor Mike Emge from the Llanerch Hills Chapel in Havertown. The loss of her brother almost jeopardized it coming to fruition.
“I missed the time to do the proposal, my brother had just passed away and my heart was ripped out,” she said.
One night, she wrote a lengthy email to the board and told her about her situation.
“It was kind of unprofessional, but I had just lost my brother,” she said.
No matter how it was received, it worked, and the pantry went ahead.
Ever since she got the space, Barnes has not turned anyone away in need of food and other necessary supplies.
“Now Denis’ pantry will be the slice of pie that will always help assist our county,” she said. “We plan on going to other countries and hope to go all across America.”
GSU also has legal clinics and specialized family services for grieving families.
“We are focusing on providing a legal service, we don't want any grandparent to be homeless or without utilities,” said Barnes.
The organization also identifies the certain needs of counseling for children and a coaching model for grandparents.
“Grandparents are suffering too, they are at a loss with their children from mental health issues, addiction, incarceration, some grandparents have no clue where their children are but they are trying to keep it all together,” she said.
GSU had 20 families when the program originally started, and now are at a total of 75.
“If you are anywhere you can come to Denis’ pantry and get some supplies,” she said.
For more information on Grands Stepping Up, please visit its website.
This article is part of Broke in Philly, a collaborative reporting project among more than 20 news organizations focused on economic mobility in Philadelphia. Read all of our reporting at brokeinphilly.org. | <urn:uuid:5fcb1d1a-fd87-40bb-b008-d321c7390263> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aldianews.com/en/leadership/advocacy/grands-stepping | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.983521 | 1,232 | 2 | 2 |
It’s coming up to six years since badgers were relocated to make way for Britain’s next nuclear power station on the Somerset coast. In the pipeline for nearly a decade, plans for Hinkley Point took an unexpected turn in July.
Last month, as Britain’s Prime Minister, Theresa May was advised by her Chief of Staff to put a contract for the French/Chinese-backed Hinkley Point nuclear power station on hold, subject to review.
Mrs May was barely a year old when Britain’s worst ever nuclear disaster spread radioactive dust across northern Europe.
Windscale was built after WWII, to produce plutonium for England’s nuclear weapons programme. A bunker mentality still hung about the facility even after it became a provider of electric power to the public in 1956.
The following year a fire broke out at the plant and burned for three days before it could be contained. In the weeks that followed, milk from cows grazing within a 500 kilometre radius was diluted and destroyed.
Windscale, renamed Sellafield in attempt to erase dark beginnings, was put out of commission in 1973 after a dangerous leak capped a long history of incidents. The facility switched to reprocessing of nuclear fuel. This drew bitter opposition from Ireland and Scandinavia over dumping of contaminated water into the Irish Sea.
Ireland’s complaint to the UN was verified by a UK government study which found traces of radioactive substances in salmon bred at fish farms near the plant.
Sellafield was shut down completely in 2005 after uranium and plutonium spilled from a broken pipe. (Since then an American-led multinational corporation has been overseeing the closure process which could drag on into the next century.)
That same year, advisors to Tony Blair urged that emissions targets would best be met with more nuclear power stations. This ran contrary to the UK government stance taken three years earlier when energy efficiency and renewables were tagged as the most cost efficient path to meet immediate energy priorities.
Commenting on Mrs May’s decision to put the Hinkley Point contract on hold, energy economist Tooraj Jamasb of Durham University noted that the new government has not had time to develop a new coherent energy policy.
A 2002 review of UK energy policy veered away from further government subsidies and passed the baton to the private sector. As the UK government gave the go-ahead for a new generation of nuclear power stations to be built, environmentalists alleged unlawful State aid for the nuclear power industry in Britain, filing a complaint with the European Commission. Scotland made it clear that it would not accept any new power stations on Scottish soil.
The time has come for policymakers to shift their focus to clean energy
Campaign group Energy Fair said that an unlevel playing field was being created where government funded the costs of insurance, decommissioning, protection against terrorist attack and disposal of nuclear waste - without providing equal levels of support for renewable technologies.
After the 2011 Fukushima power plant disaster France vowed to scale down the share of electricity from nuclear sources and Germany announced a phase out of nuclear power by 2022.
Germany’s Federal Environment Agency has declared that the technology to make the switch to 100 per cent renewable energy is already available but requires that electricity is produced and used more efficiently. Meeting climate change targets can be done without nuclear if there are stronger efforts toward demand reduction and lifestyle changes.
The international race toward universal grid parity may see an unsubsidised tipping point next year. Frontrunner Australia is expected to achieve a renewable energy scenario which is cheaper than conventional supply, says a recent report from Deutschebank.
Viewed as covert factories for materials to build apocalyptic weapons, nuclear power stations also face resistance from groups such as the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. As pointed out by CND-UK the cost of nuclear power has continued to rise as the cost of renewable energy has fallen sharply.
A 2006 review by the Office of Nuclear Regulation, which led to assessment of reactor designs ahead of choosing sites, was challenged in court by Greenpeace as “seriously flawed”. Key details of the economics of nuclear power were not published until well after the review was final.
Hinkley Point nuclear power station has undergone a number of reincarnations since the first phase was built in 1956. Reactors on Hinkley Point ‘A’ were shut down permanently after an inspectorate found defects too expensive to fix in 1999. De-commissioning of a successor, Hinkley Point ‘B’ (built 1967) should have happened this year but has been extended to 2023.
The Hinkley Point C proposal by Électricité de France (EDF) and Chinese investors commits British consumers to pay more for nuclear-generated electricity than it costs to buy electricity from offshore windfarms.
Yet a study by Britain’s National Audit Office published last month cited calculations from the National Infrastructure Commission which show that if five per cent of current peak demand were met by demand flexibility then power saved would be equal to a new nuclear power station.
Households and businesses could use electricity more flexibly, using less during times of peak demand and more during times of low demand. Cutting down on use of electricity at peak times reduces the megawatt capacity needed.
The NAO also noted that the expected subsidy for Hinkley Point C has doubled to £37 billion in the past three years.
It is not just the economics of nuclear which now plague decision makers at Whitehall. As former Home Secretary and overseer of MI5, Theresa May approaches the nuclear question from a security perspective.
Security experts have expressed concern that the Chinese could use their role in the project to build weaknesses into computer systems allowing them to shut down Britain’s energy production at will.
Fears that China could engage in cyber-sabotage may have been overblown. The bomb of public subsidy running into billions is the real gremlin in the Hinkley Point contract.
A cross-party Commons Energy and Climate Change Committee fears that failure to build new nuclear capacity by 2025 would mean greater reliance on imported gas in the medium term. This would affect energy security and force a review of how UK carbon emission targets are to be met.
On the other hand, the committee identified risk factors which could jeopardise proposals like Hinkley Point C. Sudden policy changes by the UK government, an inconsistent approach, poor transparency and lack of long-term vision have created uncertainty for investors.
Delaying or cancelling the Hinkley Point project threatens Britain’s relations with China and France. Joel Kenrick, a former advisor to the Energy Secretary, believes that the contract for Hinkley Point C will go ahead come autumn. However, he expressed doubt over whether it would actually be built with EDF’s poor track record in delivering big projects.
Corporate finance leader at EY Global Power & Utilities and RECAI editor Ben Warren believes that the time has come for policymakers to shift their focus to clean energy. “Market access, fair play, technology improvements and cost curves will lead to a level of renewables deployment not even imagined,” says Mr Warren.
Independent journalism costs money. Support Times of Malta for the price of a coffee.Support Us | <urn:uuid:17e70da9-d927-493f-9deb-8e54a90f2afe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/UK-nuclear-sunset.622012 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958368 | 1,510 | 2.421875 | 2 |
The neck has an incredibly important job of holding up our head and allowing for mobility to turn our head to see in different directions. Like the low back, it is made up of several small bones stacked one on top of another, separated by disks, and joints that form between them. Those small joints each produce small amounts of movement but add up together to create greater movement that allows us to look up, down, side to side and look over our shoulder. There are nerves that sit in between each joint of the neck that supply the shoulder, arm and hand. We have several layers of thick muscles that support our head and overall posture that often get overstrained with the constant leaning over a computer, phone, machine, etc, that our society tends to often do.
For more information, scroll down for helpful articles, PDFs, exercises, stretches and healthy tips. If you have questions, call, email or schedule an appointment. We’d love to help!
Natural Option for Neck Arthritis
March 24, 2022
While it’s true that neck arthritis suffers can find relief through movement and exercise, those living with the disorder may naturally assume such treatments would be painful. But not so, said physical therapist Mary Rose Strickland, PT, DPT, OCS, with New Life Physical Therapy. “Movement is very important for those who suffer from neck arthritis, | <urn:uuid:b5ba8ed8-9517-46f7-9e77-0f0cab646d5e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newlifept.com/free-resources/neck/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956101 | 284 | 2.109375 | 2 |
September 17, 2021
NEW YORK—Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar, deputy prime minister in the Taliban's caretaker government, has been named among the 100 most influential people of 2021 by Time magazine, giving him a boost internationally at a critical time for Afghanistan.
The list has chosen the "influential people" under six categories: leaders, icons, pioneers, titans, artists, and innovators. Mullah Baradar, who led the Taliban in the negotiations with the U.S. during the peace deal, has been listed as the most influential under the category of leaders, including President Joe Biden and Chinese President Xi Jinping.
In a profile carried by the magazine, noted Pakistani journalist Ahmed Rashid called Mullah Baradar a "revered" figure among the Taliban as a founding member of the movement, saying he is a "charismatic military leader and a deeply pious figure."
Rashid wrote, "When the Taliban swept to victory in August in Afghanistan, it was on the terms Baradar negotiated. He was said to be making all the significant decisions, including the amnesty offered to members of the former regime, the lack of bloodshed when the Taliban entered Kabul, and the regime's contacts and visits with neighboring states, especially China and Pakistan.
Daily Times, January 30, 2018
If my call is so important to them, why don’t they answer it for 22 minutes?
How come when I want to, but something specific online is the only item out of stock.
When I get into a queue or lane going fast, the moment I get in, it becomes the slowest and refuses to budge.Read more... | Archives | <urn:uuid:38e23d76-53af-461e-a758-fdd3685ea4cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.journalismpakistan.com/time-magazine-names-mullah-baradar-among-100-most-influential-people-of-2021 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.964189 | 364 | 1.65625 | 2 |
When It Comes to Autism, Everyone Can Advocate, Everyone Can Help | Commentary
Everyone is an advocate. Everyone can make a difference.
These are words we live by at Autism Speaks, and they’ve never been more important. That’s true whether you’re a volunteer, parent, friend or loved one of someone with autism, or on the autism spectrum yourself.
One in 68 American children and 1 in 42 boys currently live with autism. This prevalence makes it the fastest-growing developmental disability in the U.S. Yet research and support services don’t begin to address the unmet needs of our community.
That’s why Autism Speaks is thinking big, acting boldly and engaging anyone and everyone willing to pitch in.
Last month, we announced a collaboration with Google on a historic $50 million autism research project. The Ten Thousand Genomes project is the culmination of 15 years of work and represents the ideal intersection of science, business and philanthropy — an important milestone that could lead to breakthroughs in the causes and subtypes of autism, and better diagnosis and treatment.
Today, we’re launching the Autism Champions Initiative, a new state-of-the-art online platform that will help our community’s advocates take action like never before. It’s an opportunity for our champions to not only educate and engage, but also to inspire key legislators to join us in calling for a national strategy to address the needs of people affected by autism.
It’s a “one-stop-shop” for advocacy. With one simple click, our champions can call, write, tweet, or Facebook message key legislators anytime, from anywhere, to share their stories and show their support for state and federal legislative efforts aimed at addressing autism.
This is an important step forward for our community. Especially right now, as our nation’s leaders consider signature legislation that funds research and sets the federal agenda for autism.
It’s called the Autism CARES Act — bipartisan legislation introduced by Reps. Christopher H. Smith, R-N.J., and Mike Doyle, D-Pa., and Sens. Robert Menendez, D-N.J., and Michael B. Enzi, R-Wyo., to reauthorize the Combating Autism Act of 2006.
The Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee approved the reauthorization by a voice vote Wednesday. We urge Congress to pass it as soon as possible.
Since the CAA was enacted, the National Institutes of Health, along with Autism Speaks and other organizations, have better coordinated and focused autism research.
We’ve been able to create a research ecosystem in which private and federal tax dollars are better leveraged and bring more scientists into the fold. This has resulted in scientific advances in identifying the causes of autism, diagnosing and treating it earlier, and providing better therapies and services.
More can and needs to be done. That’s why Autism Speaks continues to work with elected officials from both sides of the aisle to improve the law for generations to come.
A critical next step is to enhance our understanding of the needs of adults on the autism spectrum. Five hundred thousand young adults on the spectrum will age out of school-based services over the next decade and we — our government and society — are ill-equipped to address the needs of this population. A national strategy around employment, housing and community integration is essential.
The Autism CARES Act places a new focus on the needs of adults with autism by requiring a review of transition issues faced by adolescents aging out of the school system to adulthood and includes new accountability provisions to ensure federal dollars are spent wisely — issues of common concern across the disability community.
That’s why we’re working with the American Academy of Pediatrics, the Association of University Centers on Disabilities and other groups to highlight the impact the Autism CARES Act will have, not only on individuals affected by autism, but on the disability community as a whole.
This federal effort is backed by a powerful army of grass-roots advocates and volunteers across the country.
Individuals affected by autism, their mothers, fathers, neighbors and friends come to us from all walks of life. We listen to them and empower them to take action to address autism. They meet with legislators, organize their neighborhoods and tell their stories in Washington and in state capitols across the country, to ensure that every family affected by autism has the access and resources it needs to care for its loved ones. They are the single best champions of our cause and they inspire us every day.
They were also the inspiration for the Autism Champions Initiative. As social media continues to transform the way people connect, engage, and communicate with their elected leaders, we too must transform and make it easier for our advocates to advocate – for themselves and for their loved ones.
The Autism Champions Initiative is one more way we’re making sure that everyone can advocate, and that everyone can make a difference.
Liz Feld is the president of Autism Speaks, the world’s leading autism awareness, science and advocacy organization. | <urn:uuid:20ad89e5-0c60-4d4a-ac6f-351edc61e06c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rollcall.com/2014/06/25/when-it-comes-to-autism-everyone-can-advocate-everyone-can-help-commentary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952127 | 1,056 | 2.25 | 2 |
Top best answers to the question «What is a good tds level for hydroponics»
Typical EC values for hydroponic nutrient solutions can range from 500 to 2000 µS/cm, or 0.5 to 2 mS/cm. TDS measurements can be expressed in units of parts per million (ppm) or parts per thousand (ppt).
Nutrient solutions for hydroponically grown cannabis should be around 500-600 ppm for young clones and seedlings, 800-900 ppm for vegetating plants and 1000-1100 ppm for flowering. When flushing, TDS should be around 400-500 ppm.
8 other answers
Naturally occurring high EC/TDS levels in your source can cause nutrients to bind or be locked out, which usually leads to deficiencies and poor growth. While you might be ok with a TDS reading under 300, it’s always best to use filtration, particularly a reverse osmosis system. As we mentioned earlier, meters have their limits so using an RO system will ensure a clean solution to start with.
1260-1680. As a general rule, plants will have a higher nutrient requirement during cooler months, and a lower requirement In the hottest months. Therefore, a stronger nutrient solution should be maintained during winter, With a weaker solution during summer when plants take up and transpire more water than nutrients.
HYDROPONICS. Nutrient Levels. A TDS tester is critical when growing plants by hydroponics. Hydroponic gardeners all over the world monitor nutrient levels in roughly the same way—by measuring total dissolved solids in the growing solution — but they have different preferences for the format of their test results.
I follow and highly recommend the following parameters for hydroponic nutrient solutions for aeroponic, “bubblers”, drip, ebb and flow, NFT, passive, rockwool and wick systems. PH 5.1-5.9 (5.2 optimal) TDS 500-1000ppm, EC.75-1.5 Temperature 68-78f, 20-25c (75f, 24c optimal)
Nutrient solutions for hydroponically grown cannabis should be around ...
In order to grow healthy hydroponic crops, it is essential that growers maintain proper electrical conductivity (EC) and pH levels. For most hydroponic crops, the ideal range of EC for most crops is between 1.5 and 2.5 dS/m.
pH/TDS/PPM levels for Hydroponic plants. The pH scale is a way to measure the Acid or Basic (alkaline) in nutrient solution. The official definition of pH is: a unit of measure that describes the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a liquid solution. It is measured on a scale of 0 to 14.
pH/ TDS / PPM / EC of Water for Hydroponic Plants. We often get asked what the nutrient requirements are for specific plants, and this is the informative article we refer to. The pH and electro-conductivity values specified here are just vague guidelines. Your specific plant growing requirements will vary according to regional climatic conditions, ... | <urn:uuid:d5e68e46-6463-4861-a6ff-f80ada6d1a6d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ecologyinfo.com/what-is-a-good-tds-level-for-hydroponics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.879548 | 666 | 2.015625 | 2 |
In this 2-hour workshop, the Assessment Coordinator of the University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) Library will address multiple aspects of library assessment, using examples from university library consultations. The first half of the workshop will cover the importance of library assessment and introduce a 9-step process for doing assessment to inform the assessment decision-making process. In the second hour, the instructor will lead participants through various real-life scenarios to practice how to approach assessment. Attendees will have an opportunity to share experiences with assessment and tips for various assessment tools.
- understand the important role of assessment in conveying the library's value to stakeholders
- be able to identify 9 basic steps of the assessment process
- be able to select appropriate tools to use in an assessment
- be able to apply assessment principles into real-life decision making or management scenarios
Introduction: 11-11:10 a.m., demonstrations incl. lecture and PPT, poll
- About instructor
- Context of Library Assessment
- Purpose of course and learning outcomes
- Poll - what motivates attendees to want to learn about assessment?
Part 1: Fundamentals of Assessment, 11:10-11:55 a.m., demonstrations
- The importance and aims of assessment
- The 9 steps of how to conduct assessment
Part 2: Putting the 9 steps of assessment into practice, 3 case scenarios, 12-12:40, discussion
- Scenario 1: library operations, 12:05-12:15
- Scenario 2: library space, 12:18-12:28
- Scenario 3: library website & LibGuides, 12:30-12:40
Ways to improve assessment, 12:40-12:45, demonstrations
Medical librarian or staff member in an academic, hospital or professional association library who is involved in assessment, or if you simply want to improve your assessment knowledge. No prior knowledge or skills are required as this is an introductory level course.
MLA CE Credits: 2 | <urn:uuid:c6f81bc5-facd-492c-a798-c878606e6331> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.medlib-ed.org/products/3142/telling-our-story-through-library-assessment-assessment-types-tools-and-practical-tips | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.874084 | 448 | 2.640625 | 3 |
In The Emigrants and The New Land Swedish filmmaker Jan Troell salutes the courage and determination of a Swedish couple who make the long journey to America in the 1850s and then struggle to survive in the wilderness. In The Last Sentence, there is struggle as well but it is in opposition to the dangerous rise of Adolf Hitler as an amoral and power-hungry leader of Germany in the 1930s. Whereas in Everlasting Moments, Troell probed the life of a poor working-class mother of seven who keeps her soul alive through nurturing her talent as a photographer, here the emphasis is intensely focused on Torgny Segerstedt (Jesper Christensen), a Swedish newspaper editor who spoke truth to power in times when those around him kept silent due to Sweden's neutrality. The Last Sentence, shot in black and white, is based on Kenne Fant's biography of this revered and controversial figure. When asked in an interview if any modern prophet reminded him of Segerstedt, Jan Troll mentioned Edward Snowden.
Segerstedt is a theology scholar who becomes editor-in-chief of Gothenburg's liberal newspaper in Sweden. Shortly after Hitler comes into power, he begins a series of editorials against him and the vicious Nazis who are carrying out his orders and persecuting the Jews. Segerstedt possesses an unshakable force of honesty and truth in his writings. He refuses to yield his position even when King Gustave V (Jan Tiselius) orders him to stop betraying the country with his vehement attacks on the German leader.
There is an air of arrogance about this self-absorbed prophet that irritates many in his social circle. He and his wife Puste (Ulla Skoog) have had four children but despite their early love for each other, their marriage is an empty shell. Instead, Segerstedt has turned to Maja (Pernilla August), the morphine-addicted wife of his publisher Axel Forssman (Bjorn Granath) for both passion and adulation of his moral stand. They flaunt their affair in front of others, which makes his wife feel abandoned and humiliated.
Troell has created a rounded and engaging biopicture that vividly conveys this crusading editor's brilliance and moral courage while at the same time revealing his shadow side in his hurtful treatment of his wife. Even more revealing is the continuing presence of his mother in his dreams and the loyalty and love he lavishes on his three dogs. Segerstete died of a heart attack just a few days before the surrender of the Third Reich. He had long predicted that Hitler would lose the war.
Special features on the DVD include "A Close Scrutiny": behind the scenes of The Last Sentence by Yohanna Troell. | <urn:uuid:d69a7813-cdf0-4815-b97a-a69286e0982f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.spiritualityandpractice.com/films/reviews/view/26392/the-last-sentence | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.977461 | 575 | 2.046875 | 2 |
2019-2020 Georgia Environmental Scorecard
Protecting and conserving Georgia’s environment for current and future generations
Compiled by the Georgia Conservation Voters & Environment Georgia
The need to conserve and protect Georgia’s environment cannot be understated. We have five distinct geographic regions, or “physiographic provinces” that host six ecoregions. Each ecoregion features extraordinary land and waterscapes that are home to unique plants and animals. The people, plants, and wildlife of our great state depend on fourteen significant watersheds. With over one hundred miles of coastline, and the two-thousand-mile long Appalachian Trail beginning in Georgia’s mountain, there is plenty for which we should be thankful. Unfortunately, there’s also plenty at risk. In moments like these, we need state and local leaders to ensure that our lands, air, and water are all protected.
It’s our vision that Georgians thrive in just, sustainable, and resilient communities. We work hard to connect the people of Georgia to their political power. We do this by mobilizing voters, winning elections, advancing policy, and holding elected officials accountable for their actions and votes.
One of our most powerful tools to achieve this vision is our annual Conservation Scorecard. The scorecard provides the information you need to determine whether your legislators are voting in line with your conservation values. It also reveals behind-the-scenes stories and unseen champions during legislative sessions.
2019-2020 Scorecard Release Event
Hear from legislators with 100% scores and honorable mentions
The scorecard is about helping Georgians understand how they’re legislators are voting on critical environmental and climate issues. This year’s scorecard covers thirteen bills or resolutions during the 2019-2020 session including hot topics like coal ash, ethylene oxide, and the Right to Farm bill. Watch the video to learn what came up this session, and hear from top-performing state legislators.
Our work to report to you about how your legislators voted on key conservation policy during each legislative session is part of our strategic approach to building power for the environment and ensuring Georgian’s air, land, and water is protected. We call this approach the “Cycle of Accountability.”
Know the Score, then Take Action!
Say ‘thanks’ … or, ‘no thanks’
Tell your Legislators that you ‘know the score’ and communicate with them regularly.
One of the best ways to influence the voting records of your elected officials is to communicate regularly with them. If your legislators scored well, it’s important to thank them and to support them. If you feel you weren’t well-represented by your legislators’ votes, it’s important to hold them accountable by letting them know what you think about their votes. The Scorecard is your key to staying informed on your legislators’ votes and getting in touch with them.
Calling your legislator directly and sending letters through regular mail remains by far the most effective way to communicate with your legislators.
The Governor and Lieutenant Governor can always be contacted at the State Capitol. Except during the legislative session, state legislators should be contacted in their home districts, as listed on the current Legislators page. Whether you’re congratulating them on their score or expressing your disappointment, be direct, courteous, and polite. | <urn:uuid:c2f2626a-8e81-4c37-88e6-14899597af86> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gcvoters.org/scorecards/georgia-2020/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.936487 | 700 | 2.875 | 3 |
The diagonal graph
MetadataShow full item record
Altmetrics Handle Statistics
According to the O'Nan--Scott Theorem, a finite primitive permutation group either preserves a structure of one of three types (affine space, Cartesian lattice, or diagonal semilattice), or is almost simple. However, diagonal groups are a much larger class than those occurring in this theorem. For any positive integer m and group G (finite or infinite), there is a diagonal semilattice, a sub-semilattice of the lattice of partitions of a set Ω, whose automorphism group is the corresponding diagonal group. Moreover, there is a graph (the diagonal graph), bearing much the same relation to the diagonal semilattice and group as the Hamming graph does to the Cartesian lattice and the wreath product of symmetric groups. Our purpose here, after a brief introduction to this semilattice and graph, is to establish some properties of this graph. The diagonal graph ΓD(G,m) is a Cayley graph for the group Gm, and so is vertex-transitive. We establish its clique number in general and its chromatic number in most cases, with a conjecture about the chromatic number in the remaining cases. We compute the spectrum of the adjacency matrix of the graph, using a calculation of the Möbius function of the diagonal semilattice. We also compute some other graph parameters and symmetry properties of the graph. We believe that this family of graphs will play a significant role in algebraic graph theory.
Bailey , R A & Cameron , P J 2021 , ' The diagonal graph ' , Journal of the Ramanujan Mathematical Society , vol. 36 , no. 4 , pp. 353-361 .
Journal of the Ramanujan Mathematical Society
Copyright © 2021 Rumanujan Mathematical Society. This work has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies or with permission. Permission for further reuse of this content should be sought from the publisher or the rights holder. This is the author created accepted manuscript following peer review and may differ slightly from the final published version. The final published version of this work is available at http://jrms.ramanujanmathsociety.org/articles_in_press.html
Items in the St Andrews Research Repository are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. | <urn:uuid:3c625e72-a283-4bca-b2d7-24afb7b79175> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/handle/10023/24569 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.8837 | 545 | 2.21875 | 2 |
The Glastonbury Festival has admitted causing a drop in water quality in a stream close to the festival’s site, after a sewage tank sprung a leak during the 2014 event. CMU Daily reported that Michael Eavis and the Festival’s Operations Director, Christopher Edwards, both appeared in court in Yeovil after a prosecution was brought against the event by the Environment Agency for breaches of the Environmental Permitting (England & Wales) Regulations 2010.
Accepting that “significant” harm had been caused, the Festival challenged the levels of damage claimed by the Environment Agency – and in particular the death of protected brown trout. Representing the festival, Kerry Gwyther said an environmental report found the stream had a history of being of a “poor quality”. Of the 42 dead fish, 39 were recorded downstream and only 10 of these were brown trout, he said.They also disputed that a fine of up to £300,000 should be levied, based on the Festival’s turnover of £37 million that year, saying that the festival’s profit was actually £84,000 before tax. The Festival donates a large proportion of its annual profit to charity with three lead charities, Greenpeace, WaterAid and Oxfam all receiving six figure sums.
In a statement, the Festival acknowledged the 2014 incident, and also a further incident in 2015 relating to festival goers urinating in ditches and highlighting the festivals own environmental efforts, they said “Regretfully however, during the last two festivals (in 2014 and 2015) some pollution has unintentionally made it into the stream running through the site, due to issues including a faulty tank and through festival goers urinating on the land”.
The statement continued: “With the causes already identified and analysed, Glastonbury Festival continues to work with all stakeholders, including the Environment Agency, on ways to prevent and safeguard against any problems in the future. Substantial improvement work on the site’s infrastructure has already begun and will continue over the coming months. At the same time, the festival will again work rigorously with all of its contractors and staff to raise awareness of the environmental issues involved and the importance of preventing further incidents”.
Courts are now taking a very dim view on environmental offences: Recently a record fine was levied on Thames Water for a recent water pollution case – supporting the conclusion that ‘very large’ companies are likely to experience increasingly high levels of fines for environmental non-compliance. Thames were fined £1 milllion for repeated discharge of sewage into a branch of the Grand Union canal in contravention of its Environmental Permit.
This follows on from the 2014 Sentencing Guidelines which were brought in to provide greater transparency around the level of fines for environmental non-compliance. The starting point for determining an appropriate level of fine is based on the size of the company (where a ‘large’ company is defined as having a turnover of £50 million or greater), the extent of harm caused and the culpability of the company. Other factors are also taken into account, for example if the company has a history of repeat offending this would be an aggravating factor leading to an upward adjustment to the fine, whereas if the company can show an effective compliance programme in place, this would be a mitigating factor and the level of fine would be adjusted downwards.
However, the guidelines make no prescriptive recommendation for an appropriate level of starting point for ‘very large’ companies, except to state that, if a defendant company’s turnover greatly exceeds the threshold for large companies, …‘it may be necessary to move outside the suggested range to achieve a proportionate sentence’. Other defendants in recent cases included INEOS Chlor and Southern Water
Judge Bright QC explained his fine on Thames Water:
‘The time has now come for the courts to make it clear that very large organisations such as (Thames Water) really must bring about the reforms and improvements for which they say they are striving because if they do not the sentences passed upon them for environmental offences will be sufficiently severe to have a significant impact on their finances’.
Sue Gregson, environmental consultant at International Workplace, commented ‘these guidelines potentially affect all businesses. Having an effective management system in place which is properly implemented, operated and monitored, will reduce the risk of incidents and provide significant mitigation should a prosecution occur’. | <urn:uuid:242c71e9-930a-455f-b663-3e9fb507b416> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.agreenerfestival.com/agfblog/why-bother-about-the-environment-its-expensive-not-too/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.962132 | 907 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Jeffrey Sachs is senior economist at the UN and author of the bestseller "Common Wealth" and the controversial Time essay "The Case for Bigger Government". In a recent interview in the Brussels newspaper De Tijd Jeffrey Sachs blames “unbridled American market capitalism” for the financial crisis and pleads in favor of the Swedish social model as an alternative. His ideological argument is revealing for the dominant utopian-socialist mind at the top of the UN.
The Swedish social model, which Sachs would like to introduce, has not the only the largest Size of Government of Western World, but also the weakest economic performance of the OECD. In 1970, Sweden still was the fourth wealthiest nation in the world. Thirty years later, Sweden had fallen to rank 17 with catastrophic social consequences. In the meantime the U.S. consistently managed to remain the second or third for more than half a century. So there is not much socio-economic wisdom to be learned from the Swedish Social Model.
Sachs also argues that "unbridled capitalism" is the cause of the current crisis. The reality is that during the last twenty years central planning progressively intruded Western economies who now bear the burden of governments spending 40% to 55% of GDP. Entrepreneurs face ever more crippling restrictions, licensing schemes, quotas and price and quality controls. Businessmen endure tens of thousands of pages of new rules and regulations each year, all written in a lawyers slangy that totally undermines the legal certainty of the free market and which transformed business into a gamble on the next political caprice and on judicial interpretations of the legal jargon. Size of government, computerized control and dirigisme has now reached a level plan economists of the Soviet Union could only dream of. Not the capitalistic system failed, but excessive dirigisme is to blame for the crisis. [...]
The article also looks at and factors in Monetary Policy, the New Monetary system, Kyoto and Emission rights, and the Market oriented Alternative. Utopian socialism is the culprit, not capitalism.
In another article, George Handlery sums it up well:
[...] Government directed and politically inspired planning and democracy do not mix well. Those condemned by government pressure or their self-inflicted errors to drink the mixture of political power and economic dominance are likely to choke while ingesting it. The foul taste comes about because the plan will be misguided and because its correction will prove to be more than difficult. That will be because concentrated political and economic power will lack the checks and balances that the ability to correct errors presumes. Political power will be devoid of checks and balances because the difficulties of the economy to deliver its promises will create a resistance that will have to be suppressed. Furthermore, the separation of economic and political power is a precondition of lived liberty. Once this separation of powers is undermined, the resulting centralized power will become openly tyrannical. That will happen because dictatorship will be possible and, due to various deficiencies, most necessary. | <urn:uuid:a6e68854-19d8-4561-84a3-89f2b52befe9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chasblogspot.blogspot.com/2009/10/utopian-socialism-and-damage-it.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.935147 | 607 | 2.0625 | 2 |
The author takes a long look at what goes on in schools, and the roles played by people specifically concerned with them: but finally the problems of the school are seen as indissolubly bound up with the changes that have overtaken urban life. The school cannot be isolated, teachers, administrators, planners and parents must actively co-operate in making the school work in society and a society which works for the school. Nothing other than such a total vision, he concludes, will enable us to achieve normal educational goals.
Robert Thornbury writes out of fifteen years experience of the urban school and of the problems not only of Britain but also those sometime similar, often more acute, of other countries, in particular the United States and Australia. The need for a total urban strategy is worldwide. His point of view is broad-based but his sympathies lie most of all with the hard-working teacher who stayed on in the urban classroom. It is a book for teachers therefore, but also, by its own argument, for all concerned with the future of the inner-city and the reordering of education.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements – Introduction – 1. Classroom crisis and teacher stress – 2. The EPA myth– 3. Two housing nations – 4. Multi-ethnic muddle – 5. Juggling children and catchments – 6. The day the roof fell in – 7. The caretaker has the keys – 8. Management by mafia or creative bureaucracy – 9. The Curriculum Church – 10. The Cargo-cult and innovation – 11. Teaching English: a curriculum case study – 12. Electric, plastic classrooms – 13. Counter-reformation with Inquisition – 14. Children’s rights and counsellors – 15. Social mix for urban classrooms – 16. Community schools and teachers – Glossary – Bibliography – Index | <urn:uuid:a89369a8-34e9-4dd2-9ae8-58f9f5f9b193> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.routledge.com/The-Changing-Urban-School/Thornbury/p/book/9780415750448 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.942412 | 384 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Daily Mail (London), Aug. 11
Flame-haired women, like actress Nicole Kidman, are a lot better than blondes and brunettes at coping with pain.
A team of British scientists is investigating the gene responsible in the hope that it will lead to the development of new anaesthetics and pain killing drugs.
Professor Ian Jackson, from the Medical Research Council’s Human Genetics Unit, is working with “redhead” mice mimicking the same gene mutation.
The mice actually have yellow fur rather than red hair. But like their human counterparts, they seem to have an unusual ability to withstand pain.
Ladies in red
“The nature of it is still being worked out, but it does appear that redheads have a significantly decreased pain threshold and require less anaesthetic to block out certain pains,” Professor Jackson said.
His team is collaborating with Edinburgh University scientists to find ways of testing pain sensitivity in different strains of mice. The researchers will then start applying their findings to humans.
The ultimate goal is to find new biochemical pathways that can be used to develop better ways of combating pain.
Gene gives higher pain threshold
Prof Jackson is building on work originally carried out by Professor Jeffrey Mogil, at McGill University in Canada.
Prof Mogil identified a mutant version of a gene called melanocortin-1 (Mc1r) that is linked to ginger hair and fair skin.
The gene variant also gives women a higher pain threshold, but does not appear to have the same effect on men.
Normally when humans and other mammals experience discomfort, the body reacts to dull it by releasing natural morphine-like opioid substances.
Prof Mogil copied this effect by giving women doses of an artificial painkiller and seeing how well it worked.
The painkilling effect was three times greater for redheaded women than for blondes and brunettes, or men. | <urn:uuid:7d918bed-db95-45e8-876a-166003bd3d3d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.amren.com/news/2005/08/redheads_cope_b/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.939795 | 390 | 2.5625 | 3 |
What would be the easiest way to create an AIFF file? Can the iffparse.library functions be used for that?
You could probably use iffparse.library, but you were asking for an easy way.
IMHO the easiest way is to prepare the entire file header, including the FORM and COMM chunks as well as the SSND marker and length as a structure. Then you can fill in the values, write it to the file and then write the audio data and you are done.
If you want to read an IFF file rather than write it, you have to expect the chunks to arrive in different order and with unknown chunks in between. In this case iffparse.library probably is of good help because it can filter the chunks you need.
OK, thanks thomas!
Or you can use libaiff, which is very lightweight:
Link to os4depot.net
I wrote some code to save an AIFF. But when I checked I loaded in an AIFF file then modified the header before saving it out. Creating it from fresh is more work then. | <urn:uuid:af3b681a-4aed-4d5b-863e-4ffa28e1db8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://os4coding.net/forum/how-create-aiff-file | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.957278 | 235 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Begin with Prayer, then read Romans 12:4-6, 9-17
For as in one body we have many parts, and all the parts do not have the same function, so we, though many,
are one body in Christ and individually parts of one another. Since we have gifts that differ according to the
grace given to us, let us exercise them…
Let love be sincere; hate what is evil, hold on to what is good; love one another with mutual affection;
anticipate one another in showing honor. Do not grow slack in zeal, be fervent in spirit, serve the Lord. Rejoice
in hope, endure in affliction, persevere in prayer. Contribute to the needs of the holy ones, exercise hospitality.
Bless those who persecute [you], bless and do not curse them. Rejoice with those who rejoice, weep with those
who weep. Have the same regard for one another; do not be haughty but associate with the lowly; do not be
wise in your own estimation. Do not repay anyone evil for evil; be concerned for what is noble in the sight of all.
Read the Scripture again to yourself.
Notice how you feel, then share a word, phrase, or sense that touches you.
Listen to the Reflection or Read the Script.
To listen online, click HERE.
Your privileges include being able to count on the special protection of Mary, who is so powerful. By permitting her name to become your name, she also wants to see you bear it with honour; she will help you. …Consider therefore, all that you may henceforward expect from the goodness and mercy of Mary, both for yourselves and for all those whom you may recommend to her.
1859 Doc 460, Book of Texts, Ed Keel SM. T.O.M., second edition.
What strikes you the most from the reflection and Scripture?
What benefits do you receive from regularly sharing with people of faith?
Consider the image of fanning a flame. What happens?
Share with each other the gift/blessing you receive from them. Name each person’s gifts if you can. [Name person] you inspire me to compassion/hospitality/encouragement/hope/courage/mercy/prayer/action/faith/a balanced perspective etc. etc. when you……..
What are some ways you can keep the Marist spirit alive and kindle the flame of faith for others in your group, family, parish? How can we share the fire?
Pray with each other then conclude with this Prayer
God of Holy Fire, thank you for giving us Mary as mother, mentor and guide.
This Lent, renew our openness to the Holy Spirit in Mary’s way. Under Mary’s guidance we pray, come Holy Spirit, enkindle in us the fire of your love, enkindle a spirit of penance for our complacency and mercy for the least and the lost.
Grant us courage to tend the fire of faith and compassion to act generously, sharing our faith and life, especially with those you have given us. May we build one another up in love and share our gifts freely so that together we burn brightly, drawing others to the warming, healing, and empowering fire of Your spirit. St Joseph, pray for us. Mary help of Christians, pray for us. Amen | <urn:uuid:db482e88-5db7-49ab-87e0-a1dbe47aeef4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://maristlaitynz.org/march-reflection-for-marist-laity-keep-the-flame-burning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.919901 | 733 | 2.0625 | 2 |
The Business Case For Workplace Wellbeing
Why 93% of workers say wellbeing is as important as pay
As workplaces continue to wrestle with the great resignation, a new study has found that 93% of the Australian workers surveyed said their physical, emotional and mental wellbeing is just as important as their level of pay. So, what might this mean in a practical sense for workplaces?
“The good news is that there is a clear business case for investing in employee wellbeing,” explained workplace wellbeing researcher Nic Marks when we interviewed him recently. “For example, on a five-point scale, improving an employee’s wellbeing by even half a point equates to $2,500 to $3,5000 of extra benefits each year due to improvements in creativity, collaboration, productivity and savings in staff retention.”
Nic’s research suggests there are five evidence-based ways to care for the wellbeing and resilience of teams at work. They include:
- Connect — It is much easier to do great work when we are happy in the company of others, whether we are online or in our physical workplaces together. Teams who encourage, support and appreciate each other make problem solving, innovation and success possible.
- Be Fair — Being treated with fairness and respect is fundamental to happier work. People flourish when organizations are responsive to their needs and value the energy they put in. Teams flourish when colleagues appreciate one another.
- Empower — Sharing responsibility and playing to people’s strengths can unleash an amazing potential in organizations. When people are able to be themselves and use their own judgment, they do great work.
- Challenge — People are happy in their jobs when they are absorbed and progressing in their work. By making jobs interesting, organizations pull people into a space where they learn and achieve great things.
- Inspire — Doing a job that we feel is genuinely worthwhile is a great source of motivation in our lives and it can sustain us through challenging times. Seeing beyond narrow business goals to how we help other people makes work more meaningful.
Practically, Nic recommends leaders try:
- Optimizing Challenges — People like to be stretched in ways where they feel they can learn, without being stretched so far outside their comfort zone that they are left feeling overwhelmed and burnt out. By providing opportunities for playful experimentation, feedback and reflection, teams can optimize — rather than maximize — challenges so teams can work in ways that boost psychological safety, creativity and innovation.
- Setting boundaries — Since COVID, the boundaries between work and life have deteriorated. Teams can help each other to set healthy boundaries as they work by setting clear rituals around when they work, where they work (the office or home and on which days) and how they work together to communicate clearly as they deliver on their responsibilities. Often, people are reluctant to say “no” because they don’t want to hurt someone else, but knowing what is and isn’t okay, what can and can’t be accommodated as we work together makes the “yes” that much stronger.
- Talking About Wellbeing Regularly — Wellbeing and happiness should be a weekly conversation in teams to reflect together on what’s gone well over the last week and what hasn’t. By creating safe spaces to discuss how a team can build on the good and address the negative, small issues are much less likely to become big problems. It’s the repetition that builds trust and makes people feel safe to talk about what is happening in the team.
How are you meeting the expectations of workers for more wellbeing support? | <urn:uuid:657eb59f-7eb8-4a55-bb58-89fdf69e4d5d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://michellemcquaid.medium.com/the-business-case-for-workplace-wellbeing-91a6a59690e8?source=user_profile---------1---------------------------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967767 | 737 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Bank fees are often an unpleasant, unexpected surprise for consumers — and they can add up to a significant expense if you’re not paying attention. Failure to understand where your money is going puts you at risk of falling into debt or struggling to meet financial goals. Even small fees can take their toll on your finances, so try to avoid fees whenever you can. Here are a few tips for minimizing or avoiding unnecessary bank fees:
Open a Free Checking Account
Yes, free banking still exists, but there are often strings attached. Banks often require you to follow certain guidelines to take advantage of free maintenance services, but if you’re smart about your finances, it’s well worth the effort. For instance, directly depositing your paycheck into your checking account is not only a fast way to get paid, it’s also likely to keep your account fee-free. Maintenance fees may also be waived as an incentive when you add a savings account to your checking. Make sure you keep free by knowing the terms and conditions of the account so do your research before committing to anything.
Use Your Bank’s ATMs
It’s an unpleasant fact that most banks charge non-customers a fee to use their ATM to access cash. And that’s on top of the fee your own bank will load on. Avoid using your debit cards if you’re going to be charged a fee. If your own bank is miles away, consider paying for something at a grocery store with your debit card and use the cash-back function.
Spend Only What You Can Afford
If you’ve opted into overdraft protection, you may be charged a fee for spending more money than you have available in your account. These are often significant charges so make an effort to live with your means for the sake of practicing good financial habits — and save money. To ensure you don’t overspend, you need to check your account activity regularly, which can be as easy as quickly glancing at a summary on your phone or signing up for email or text alerts when your balance drops below a certain level or a transaction clears your account.
Avoid overdraft charges
When you write a check that bounces, you generally have to pay your bank’s overdraft fee and a fee to the business you wrote the check to. If the overdraft results in a late payment, you’ll also have to pony up the late payment fee, too. That late payment has a domino effect that leads to the credit card company that will increase the interest rate you pay.
Avoid credit card cash advances
Many credit card companies charge a higher percentage of interest for cash advances than they do for other transactions. And because the card company decides which balance it applies your payment to, it pays for the lower-interest transactions first, leaving the higher interest charges on the card longer.
Read those disclosures
A new fee disclosure is an indication that something has changed. Ignorance can be expensive, such as getting stuck with a fee after a check you deposit doesn’t clear and a $5 fee for failing to inform your bank that your address change. Open all mail from your bank and read it carefully so you don’t get surprised by a fee out of the blue for an item that was previously free.
Pay attention to the fine print
Overall, banks and credit card companies do a good job of disclosing information about accounts. However, some banks make it very difficult to learn about all of the fees and other important terms and conditions. In some cases, you may have to rife bank and legal speak to get to the nitty gritty information. Even though it’s a pain, take the time to wade through those documents to make sure you don’t miss any relevant details.
Use your apps
Mobile apps are all the rage and banking apps are heaven sent — and free. With mobile banking, you can perform several financial functions conveniently, securely and for free right from their mobile. That includes checking your account balance, reviewing recent transaction, transferring funds, bills paying, investments manage and locate bank ATMs. | <urn:uuid:25558ed3-d30d-4b0f-9d4a-1818476b62c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dev.blackenterprise.com/how-to-avoid-unnecessary-bank-and-credit-card-fees/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948231 | 849 | 2.125 | 2 |
Avhane, Maharashtra, India
Latitude and longitude coordinates are: 21.045723, 75.514565.
Situated in the district of Ahmednagar, the village of Avhane is a relatively large village in Maharashtra state of India. It is located equally far (about 30 miles) away from Augrangabad and Ahmednagar cities, but a smaller city of Jalgaon is located. The village is a home to Nidrista Ganapati, a famous sitting Goddess.
Where is Avhane, Maharashtra, India on Map?
Road map of Avhane, Maharashtra, India shows where the location is placed.
Satellite Map of Avhane, Maharashtra, India
Avhane, Maharashtra, India Lat Long Coordinates Info
The latitude of Avhane, Maharashtra, India is 21.045723, and the longitude is 75.514565. Avhane, Maharashtra, India is located at India country in the Villages place category with the gps coordinates of 21° 2' 44.6028'' N and 75° 30' 52.4340'' E.
|DMS Lat||21° 2' 44.6028'' N|
|DMS Long||75° 30' 52.4340'' E|
Coordinates of Avhane, Maharashtra, India is given above in both decimal degrees and DMS (degrees, minutes and seconds) format. The country code given is in the ISO2 format.
Villages in India
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- Goplo, Jharkhand, India (24.008209, 85.519341) | <urn:uuid:090bf43e-6936-4d42-8532-065db15e0536> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.latlong.net/place/avhane-maharashtra-india-23581.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.709423 | 639 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Learn from the Artist
ALL February Meeting to Feature Watercolor Artist Janice Castiglione
Art League of Leland (ALL) invites artists and art enthusiasts to its Thursday, February 4, 2021, virtual meeting with watercolor artist Janice Castiglione as its featured guest speaker. Castiglione will explore her artistic journey and share her craft with attendees.
Calling watercolor painting her true passion, Castiglione finds the colors and flowing textures exciting. She enjoys a good challenge and remains determined to master a medium that many find to be the most difficult. The subjects of her paintings are typically found in the natural world. She has won many awards and was twice accepted into the Society of Illustrators Exhibit in New York City and published in their annual book. Now a Wilmington resident, she teaches watercolor classes and workshops at the Museum School at the Cameron Art Museum.
Growing up in Western New York, Castiglione lived above her family’s tavern. Often bored, she would amuse herself by drawing for hours while sitting at the restaurant’s dining room table. She went on to earn a bachelor’s degree from Empire State College in Illustration and Graphic Design. While raising her family, Castiglione taught art classes and freelanced for companies like Random House, American Greetings and Modern Publishing. Later she joined Fisher Price and created the look of hundreds of Little People figures and play sets, including for Disney.
We hope you’ll join us to meet and learn from this talented artist. ALL’s mission is to encourage, guide, support, inform and provide learning opportunities for area artists and advocates of the arts. ALL welcomes artists and art lovers not only from Leland but also from neighboring communities.
Details about how to join the Zoom meeting will be emailed to registered attendees several days before the meeting. If conditions surrounding the pandemic allow for an in-person meeting at the Leland Cultural Arts Center, ALL will announce meeting updates on Instagram, Twitter, Facebook, and www.artleagueofleland.org.
Want to go?
ALL February Meeting with Janice Castiglione
February 4, 4 to 6 pm
Free and open to the public
Register for attendance by January 28 by emailing: email@example.com | <urn:uuid:1f1b04cd-e482-4f64-b61d-6b87c4b754e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lifeinbrunswickcounty.com/learn-from-the-artist/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951793 | 468 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Over the many decades that the human has lived at this house, she’s known some pretty cheeky wildlife. In the old days, it was quite common to look out on the lower deck and see a woodchuck, a couple of squirrels, and some birds all sitting in a circle eating seed. For a few years, a woodchuck unaffectionately called El Destructo traumatized the plants growing in big pots on the deck. Nearly every day he’d walk past and pull over every pot that was light enough for him to move to see if there was anything good to eat in it. This repeated behavior caused enough transplant shock that some of the plants gave up the ghost. And then there are the deer that reach their necks over the deck railing to nibble some of the hottest peppers on the planet down to the soil.A few weeks back, the human happened to be in the kitchen eating lunch on a dark, dreary day when she heard a thud outside on the lower kitchen window. Looking over, she couldn’t believe her eyes: a young and smallish woodchuck had jumped up on the window ledge. This is something the human had never seen before, although it shouldn’t have come as a complete surprise. Several bird feeders hang just above this window and there is always seed on the deck below the window and sometimes on the window ledge itself. <<Those birds are such messy eaters!>>As the human stood up, grabbed her phone, and started shooting photos while walking toward the intruder, he or she looked in and decided it would be advisable to jump back down on the deck. This intruder wasn’t terribly afraid, as he / she didn’t go far…at least not right away. Of course, was there a single cat in the kitchen at the time keeping watch for intruders entering the property? <<‘Fraid not. Bah!>>
(c) Copyright 2020, PeggyMalnati. All rights reserved. Image my own. | <urn:uuid:afc52d6a-71ed-4632-a73d-3b9c20a51816> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://livingwithcarnivores.wordpress.com/2020/05/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.975232 | 417 | 1.882813 | 2 |
As Sweden comes in from the cold, with its scientific advisers being granted audiences with governments around the world and Dorit Nitzan, the WHO’s regional emergency director for Europe, saying the country can ‘provide lessons for the global community’, attention has turned to the secret of its success.
Kim Sneppen, professor of biocomplexity at the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen and a leading virologist, said this week: ‘There is some evidence that the Swedes have built up a degree of immunity to the virus which, along with what else they are doing to stop the spread, is enough to control the disease . . .They may now be finished with the epidemic.’
However, the role of immunity in Sweden remains contested. State epidemiologist Dr Anders Tegnell has downplayed it, answering a question this week comparing Sweden and Spain by stressing that achieving ‘herd immunity’ had never been a goal of Sweden’s strategy (despite emails surfacing which suggest otherwise).
He said: ‘I’m not sure that the level of immunity in Sweden and in Spain differs very much. I think the main difference between Sweden and many other countries is that we have had the same kind of restrictions and recommendations in place the whole time. And we have a really big adherence from the population to those recommendations. And that makes a difference, that makes us hopefully less susceptible to a second wave.’
Italy currently has even fewer ‘cases’ per 100,000 than Sweden (35 vs 37) but it would be hard to argue that Italians are a peculiarly compliant people in the way Dorit Nitzan does of Swedes. From the Guardian:
‘Nitzan stressed that Sweden’s approach may not be applicable everywhere. Other countries should take into account that in Sweden, the social contract between the government and its population is historically based on a very high level of trust, she said. “That is the way the Swedish people and the government interact.”
‘Following the Swedish example, therefore, should not mean adopting the exact same measures, she said. “There are lessons to learn from every country. None has done it perfectly; all have made mistakes. Each country’s strategy to curb COVID-19 should be based on its specific situation and context, and be both scientifically sound and culturally acceptable. This is Sweden’s approach”.’
When Boris Johnson claimed in the Commons that Brits are more freedom-loving than Italians as an explanation for why the UK is now faring worse than Italy he was rebuked by the Italian president, while the Italian national newspaper Corriere della Sera wrote on its front page:
‘Let me get this right – the country that invented queueing and immaculate lawns is not able to obey rules? Instead, group discipline is a trait of the Italians, a people who have a well-deserved reputation for disdain for regulations and individualism verging on anarchy?’
There is a danger that the important lessons of the epidemic will be lost in sub-scientific generalisations about supposed national character traits that wrongly imply lockdowns are right for some places but not for others – ironically, it appears, the more ‘freedom-loving’ a country is, the greater the need for a firm hand. When Nitzan and Tegnell claim that Swedes have been more compliant than Spaniards, what hard evidence is that based on? The Italians complain about the false stereotypes sent in their direction. We Brits should protest no less loudly about being so supposedly freedom-loving that only a good firm lockdown will break our spirits and keep us in line.
It also needs to be remembered that Spain had one of the longest and strictest lockdowns in Europe whereas Sweden never limited the size of gatherings to fewer than 50, never closed shops, restaurants, night clubs, schools under 16 or anything else, and never imposed or even encouraged face masks. Are we supposed to believe young people in Sweden stopped socialising and going to parties? What basis is there for thinking that? The pictures that went round in April of young people in Stockholm crowding into nightclubs and cafes shows this up for the nonsense it is, while a recent BMJ article quoted Karolinska Institute immunologist Marcus Buggert saying that social distancing in Sweden was ‘always poorly followed, and it’s only become worse’.
Furthermore, even if Swedes were more compliant with their government’s guidelines, the guidelines were so loose compared with those imposed elsewhere that it’s hard to see how the mere fact of compliance makes all the difference.
The antibody rates in Sweden are, as Dr Tegnell notes, similar to those found in Spain and Italy. But then maybe that is why Italy also has no second wave, and Spain’s second ripple appears to be peaking, with the Carlos III Health Institute pointing out that the data on PCR tests by date of symptom onset shows the epidemic topping out weeks ago, even before the end of August.
The evidence for the early emergence of collective immunity rooted in T-cell cross-immunity from previous cold viruses continues to mount. Which is why one of the world’s leading epidemiologists, Oxford’s Professor Sunetra Gupta, is convinced it is playing a major role. It may suit the governments of the world to pretend that it’s all about a myth of Swedish stoicism and not about immunity so that they can exculpate themselves for not taking the same path in March.
The danger is that the reality of immunity, which would allow countries to go back to normal (actual normal, not New Normal) becomes officially denied and buried. Even in Sweden the government has called a halt to the lifting of restrictions, with a cap of 50 people in a group now set to remain and local lockdowns being threatened should outbreaks occur. If Sweden can’t learn the lesson of Sweden, what hope is there for the rest of us?
Fraser Nelson in the Telegraph reports that Chris Whitty rejects the immunity idea because, he says, people aren’t immune to colds and so it is probably short-lived. I suggest that Professor Whitty urgently needs to widen his pool of advisers, starting with the immunologists and virologists who wrote this STAT article in August:
‘The experts who spoke with STAT all felt that the immune responses to this virus are exactly what you would expect to see . . . Angela Rasmussen, a virologist at Columbia University in New York who studies human responses to viral infections, said it is hard to be definitive, given the limited human experience with this new coronavirus, but she said she could see no reason to believe the immune system would behave differently to this respiratory virus than to others.’
As the autumn ripples in Spain, France and Britain fade, we need to make sure our leaders learn the right lessons, and can’t get away with crediting the new restrictions, the national temperament, the stars, or anything else except the only thing with hard scientific evidence behind it: immunity. | <urn:uuid:bc5de3a5-761b-4199-8a77-474ca5660dc2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://faith-and-politics.com/2020/09/27/immunity-and-the-secret-of-swedens-success/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966034 | 1,485 | 2.09375 | 2 |
ÖVP Klubobmann: New university creates modern structures and future-oriented methods in research and teaching.
Vienna (OTS) – “Upper Austria is not only an important pacemaker for the Austrian economic engine and location, but also for research and innovation. Here, digitalization in particular plays a key role for the future, which must continue to be strengthened and expanded. In the area of education and training, the so-called MINT subjects – mathematics, information technology, natural sciences and technology – are the necessary basis for this. The establishment of a new university in Linz will create modern structures and future-oriented methods in research and teaching. As a digital university, the Institute of Digital Sciences Austria is intended to be both a scientific lighthouse project and an innovative driving force for the location,” stated August Wöginger, chairman of the Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP), today, Wednesday, at the meeting of the Science Committee. The corresponding government bill was adopted today with the votes of ÖVP, Greens and FPÖ.
The aim of the university is also to combine the dimension of digitalization with the discussion of the climate crisis, climate targets and other major issues. Study operations are to start gradually from the beginning of the 2023/24 academic year with the establishment of a PhD program, the Upper Austrian mandatary emphasized.
“A qualified, well-educated workforce is a cornerstone of competitiveness and a successful economy. This applies to Austria as well as to Upper Austria and the regions. In this context, it is important to have a forward-looking policy that creates solid framework conditions for securing jobs, strengthening companies and increasing prosperity. The key to this lies in further development and support in the areas of education, research and development, and innovation. With the planned new university in Linz, Linz, Upper Austria and all of Austria will continue to gain in academic quality and infrastructure in equal measure.”
“In Parliament, we are working together with the federal government with all our might to move our country forward in the best possible way. Strengthening Austria’s competitiveness is crucial for this. That is why we are spending more money on education and research. We are investing in the future,” Wöginger continued.
The federal funds for the new facility will be allocated via a performance agreement. However, the first construction steps in the years 2022 to 2023 will be carried out with the cooperation of the University of Linz, which will receive additional financial resources for this purpose. The future financing of the new university will not be at the expense of the 22 public universities, but will be additional. (end)
Press Office of the ÖVP Parliamentary Club
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© Copyright APA-OTS Originaltext-Service GmbH and the respective sender
The post Wöginger: Institute of Digital Sciences Austria strengthens innovation location Upper Austria appeared first on TOP News Austria – News from Austria and around the world. | <urn:uuid:4d4d4c6c-e7dc-4dbd-b24f-b52b17fd3f8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brusselssays.com/2022/06/29/woginger-institute-of-digital-sciences-austria-strengthens-upper-austria-as-a-location-for-innovation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.926253 | 662 | 1.609375 | 2 |
“This is the true face of the Universal Church that we see here – one of different languages and peoples.”By Sébastien de Courtois, ACN International – Adapted by Amanda Bridget Griffin, ACN Canada
A crowd of Catholics has been waiting for fifteen hours for Pope Francis on the square in front of the Cathedral of the Holy Spirit. “We are going to sing for the Pope, for the Christians and for peace in the Middle East,” says Maria, a young Chaldean Catholic who is singing in the choir. There are about 20 young girls like her, from various different backgrounds, who are due to take part in this exceptional liturgy. The cathedral is full. “We can barely fit in more than 1200 people… We would love to have welcomed far more than that, but it is not possible,” says Monsignor Louis Pelâtre, the Catholic Bishop of Istanbul.
Outside, on the pavement, the Turkish TV cameras are filming the arrival of the Holy Father. The interior courtyard is packed. As soon as he arrives, cries of “Viva el papa!” ring out from the crowd. There is a small delegation from Colombia, Argentina and the Philippines. The Pope goes up to each one of them as soon as he can, to shake their hands and smile at people. A man approaches him with a cage containing some doves and offers them to Francis, who takes them and immediately lets them fly loose in the grey sky of Istanbul, as a sign of peace.
A historic event
Inside the church the people are standing on their benches to welcome him. On the upper balcony the journalists of the entire world are also present, among them many Italians who have travelled on the Holy Father’s airplanes. The Turkish security services outside, and the Vatican security staff inside, are on high alert. There must not be any mistakes now. The Mass begins. The Pope is surrounded by several prelates of the Eastern Church, among them the Syrian Catholic Patriarch Ignace Younan, who will co-celebrate with him. The Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew is also present, as are the representatives of the Armenian Churches both Gregorian and Catholic, the Syriac Orthodox Archbishop Yusuf Çetin and the vicar of the Chaldeans of Turkey, François Yakan.
More than 50 priests, representing the dioceses of Turkey and elsewhere, are also present. The Pope takes a moment for each one. “We are very happy to see him like this. He brings us joy and comfort,” says a Levantine woman from Izmir, the ancient city of Smyrna, which is today a large city on the Aegean. Turkish Catholics intone the first hymns, in Turkish. This is followed by singing and words from the choir of the cathedral in French, Spanish, English and, of course, Italian. “I arrived here yesterday from Mardin to be part of this historic moment,” says one young woman, Febronia. “ We know that it is a historic moment. Above all in the present context of the violence being committed against the Christians of the Middle East.”
In fact, several delegations of refugees from Syria and Iraq have been welcomed by the Holy Father. He is profoundly concerned with the question of the displaced, and about the future of the Christians in the Middle East. On several occasions during the Mass prayers are offered for this intention, above all during his homily.
A renewal of the promise of unity
If, in exceptional circumstances such as these, Latin once again becomes the common language of the Church, nonetheless Armenian, Arabic and Syriac chants are also sung. At the moment of Communion an African choir starts to sing – words of deep emotion in honour of Jesus: Jesus Christ, you are the bread, the bread of life of Christians, to be received in communion today...
For a couple of hours politics are put aside and perhaps even forgotten. Christians of every background have come together as a family “to be happy ,” as one Turkish man puts it, a man of 50 and a convert to Christianity. “This is the true face of the Universal Church that we see here, one of different languages and people.” He does not manage to finish his words, so deeply is he moved.
The moment comes for the final blessing; the people stand, the flashlights crackle. Everybody gets out his mobile phone in order to immortalize this extraordinary moment of Grace. Once again, indefatigable, the Pope takes the time to greet the people during the recessional. He smiles, shakes hands whenever he can and moves slowly towards the exit…
Tomorrow morning he will take part in the Orthodox Liturgy for the feast of Saint Andrew in the Greek Orthodox church of the Phanar, the seat of the Ecumenical Patriarch. Since this church is still smaller, there will be some disappointed people. But this meeting between the two representatives of Sister Churches will be a renewal of the promise of unity. | <urn:uuid:6761b37f-2db2-417a-89de-59aad72c5850> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://acn-canada.org/mass-in-the-latin-cathedral-of-istanbul-with-pope-francis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967274 | 1,056 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Adjusting the volume on ADAPT 560
Adjusting the volume:
You can adjust three independent volume settings for the headset:
Call volume: during an active call
Audio volume: during audio streaming.
Volume for ring tone, tones and voice prompts: in idle mode- no active call or audio streaming
Press the Volume button to increase or decrease the volume.
You hear a beep or double beep for maximum or minimum volume.
Alternatively you can adjust the volume on your connected device.
Adjusting the headset’s microphone volume for softphones:
- Initiate a call on your connected device to someone who will help you find the correct volume setting for your microphone.
- Change the microphone volume in your softphone application and/or in your PC audio application.
Muting the microphone:
- Rotate the boom arm up or down
- Press the Power button to mute or unmute the microphone. | <urn:uuid:3e5e8fe6-4332-4322-87b3-77f3a5e62b53> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eposaudio.com/en/us/enterprise/support/knowledge-base/bluetooth-headsets/adapt-560/adjusting-the-volume-on-adapt-560 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.814422 | 205 | 1.625 | 2 |
“The church is facing ominous times. Science, culture, and politics are conspiring to silence the gospel and render God’s bride impotent. You can see it in the numbers: less than one half of 1 percent of eighteen- to twenty-three-year-olds hold to a Christian view of the world.1 More than 80 percent of young adults are spiritually ‘disengaged’ by age twenty-nine. In society as a whole, the number of those who profess no belief in God (the ‘nones’) more than doubled between 2007 and 2014. more than doubled between 2007 and 2014. Though statistics show an overall worldwide increase in the numbers of religious believers, that phenomenon is almost solely attributable to growing numbers in places such as Africa and China. In Europe and America, the numbers of the faithful are declining as younger ‘nones’ replace their more religiously affiliated elders.” So how do Christians reach nones with the gospel?”
This Postmodern Realities episode is a conversation with Journal author Bob Perry about his Volume 40 #4 Effective Evangelism article “That ‘Nones’ May Not Perish” as he answers questions including: To what do you attribute the growing number of “nones” in our culture? Do you think the church shares any culpability in this trend? What traits can you identify that the “nones” hold in common? Can you suggest an overall strategy that we can employ to address the attitudes and concerns of the “nones”? Aren’t we bowing to the culture by using this kind of evangelistic method? Shouldn’t we just be preaching the Gospel and letting the Holy Spirit do the work?
We’d also like to invite you to subscribe to the Journal. To subscribe to the Journal, please click here.
When you to subscribe to the Journal, you join the team of print subscribers whose paid subscriptions help provide the resources at equip.org that minister to people worldwide. These resources include our free online-exclusive articles, such as this review, as well as our free Postmodern Realities podcast.
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Other articles and Postmodern Realities podcasts featuring this author | <urn:uuid:1dfd7134-e0f7-4e4a-ac35-4312ebb4381a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.equip.org/postmodern-realities/episode-049-nones-may-not-perish/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.939907 | 517 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Phosphate is widely used as food additives which can be used in processed meat, seafood, dairy products, seasonings and instant foods. Its main functions are to increase moisture retention, color retention, quality enhancement and disperse insoluble substances.
Phosphate Sodium 25 kg
Dipotassium Hydrogen Phosphate 25 kg
Potassium Phosphate Monobasic 25 kg
Tripolyphosphate 25 kg
Potassium Triphosphate Sodium 25 kg
Pyrophosphate 25 kg | <urn:uuid:aa3642f1-ce4e-4840-b6a1-104b5219df01> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://jecheng.com.tw/index_en.php?action=products-detail&id=12 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.873097 | 113 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Gen Y is gaining attention (BusinessWeek.com, 1/9/08) for its participation in the 2008 Presidential primaries, voting in numbers not seen in decades. But the group's influence obviously isn't limited to politics. Some 30 million young people in their late teens to early 30s are expected to join the U.S. workforce by 2010. Effectively communicating with them will be crucial to your company's success.
Empowerment is what young people crave. I have spent the last two years interviewing dozens of business leaders who run companies that rely on employees in their teens and 20s. To a person, these leaders have learned that it's important to offer young people more than a paycheck and a free on-site massage. This group wants to know that its work is adding up to a great cause. They want to add meaning to their lives and to the world. The old command-and-control style of managing won't work with this generation. Lip service won't fly. | <urn:uuid:d208c58c-e857-4909-8d95-42bf64a033eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2008-02-15/communicating-with-twentysomethingsbusinessweek-business-news-stock-market-and-financial-advice | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.978523 | 203 | 1.695313 | 2 |
This week I watched Community MusicWorks in rehearsal as the orchestra welcomed and was perplexed by its new strange piece – “The Protective Veil” by contemporary British composer John Tavener. Its form is so unusual that it was hard for the musicians to wrap theirs head around. They were happily astonished at the shimmering sound world, yet no one could say exactly what it was. It surges with translucent and gathering energy, it is both centering and passionate, and from there, it’s you and your emotions. If I ever wanted to see how open-ended art can have wildly different interpretations, and simultaneously serve as a meeting place, a space of emotion and sublimity, this was it.
As a rich chord was hovering, a violinist offered an image to his sixteen colleagues: “Remember that beam in Star Trek?” Another violinist said, after creating a warm placid surface with myriad reflections, “I feel like I’ve just come from a Zen retreat.” They took a break: when the three giant basses began to refind their A, it sounded like they were tuning thunder.
Adrienne Taylor, the talented cellist who chose and arranged the work for Community MusicWorks, and is performing the solo part, said, wisely, she felt a wooshing back and forth in time, from the center of an inspiration to a point of measured perspective. She may have been talking about the creative process itself – being in the ecstasy of inspiration, then having the cooler mind to order and shape art.
The composer, it so happens, had something rather different, and specific, in mind. Tavener worked with a story from the Eastern Orthodox Church, the apparition of Mary in the form of a veil that hovered and protected the city of Constantinople during a period of siege. It dates from the 10th century. Tavener, who converted to Russian Orthodoxy, wrote this eight-part piece to reflect the life of Mother of God in her compassion, joy, sorrow, ultimately a kind of ever-thereness.
One astute violinist piped up with these suggestions in his interpretation. “It’s as if the chord has always been in existence, but it just becomes known to us.” It was a beautiful way to talk about an invisible presence that becomes perceptible in a community that is making art.
Concert in Providence, RI on March 2o. http://www.communitymusicworks.org | <urn:uuid:80f5610c-8066-4fa5-ba76-4b79fbde5e5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jillpearlman.com/?p=1076 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.979068 | 516 | 1.71875 | 2 |
How to Manage Electrical Risks During Flood Basement Cleanup
Posted in Flood & Water Damage, on June 30, 2022
If your residential or commercial falls victim to water damage in Toronto, the need for flooded basement clean up and repair is urgent. If not dealt with immediately, the water lingering in your property breeds many problems requiring advanced resources, like mold removal. While mold is a severe form of secondary water damage, as well as electrical damage, which could easily occur if water damage is left unchecked.
Don’t add electrical damage to the traumatic experience of a flood. Continue reading to learn more about how to manage electrical risks during flooded basement clean up.
Be Aware of Items Plugged In
It goes without saying that electricity and water do not mix. If flood water does reach your basement appliances, such as your washing machine, clothes dryer, lighting, or water heater, it may cause these systems to malfunction, shut down, or cause irreversible damage to the wiring in your property. Not only does it pose a significant repair cost to your property, but going near these items plugged in after a flood increases the risk of electrical shock and injury.
Water can easily seep into low-lying outlets or appliances, like your washing machine. Unfortunately, appliances in your basement submerged in water are generally unsalvageable during flooded basement clean up. While the replacement may be costly, the hazard of electrical damage is far greater. To avoid electrical risks and secondary water damage in Toronto, contact Canada’s Restoration Services for comprehensive and safe flood clean up and repair.
Checklist: How To Stay Safe
Staying safe during a flood is of the utmost importance. Water damage, unfortunately, is full of risks, ranging from bacteria to electrical issues. The best thing to do is to stay away from the affected area while waiting for the restoration company to arrive, but there are a few tips to keep in mind to guarantee your safety.
- Wait for the Restoration Company to Remove the Electrical Meter: Never enter a flooded basement until the restoration company has removed the electrical meter from the socket. Even if your property has lost power, the only way to ensure your safety is if the property is disconnected from the power grid. Without being fully disconnected, the risk of being electrocuted is high.
- Don’t Use Flooded Electrical Equipment: While some items may be salvageable during flooded basement clean up, your electrical appliances will likely have to be replaced. Our team at Canada’s Restoration Services works incredibly hard on content restoration. Still, when it comes to appliances, like your washing machine, water heater, air conditioner, boiler, furnace, or lights, they will be ruined by water submersion.
- Conduct a Comprehensive Survey: After your flood basement clean up and restoration, ask an electrician to conduct a thorough survey of your property’s electrical system. The property’s grounding and bonding system may be seriously damaged by flooding, and only a licensed electrician is trained to deal with such damage. With a comprehensive survey and evaluation, you’ll be able to know that your property is safe from electrical risks going forward.
Professional Water Damage Restoration Services
If your property is plagued by water damage, contact the trusted and certified professionals at Canada’s Restoration Services. The best way to prevent secondary water damage and electrical risks is to act fast and be safe with comprehensive basement flood clean up. | <urn:uuid:f9a5f865-68dd-45e1-b936-94cfa6ddad6b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.canadarestorationservices.com/blog/how-to-manage-electrical-risks-during-flood-basement-cleanup/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.937497 | 701 | 1.796875 | 2 |
I’ve been doing some work with a client recently looking at how they are currently managing their information assets. What I’m bringing to the table with this client is a wealth of experience seeing what happens when you silo problems or issues or objectives into neat little stove pipes that can be managed along the vertical of an organisation’s traditional hierarchy, as well as experience of what happens when you turn things on their side and start managing horizontally.
Because Information is a wonderful asset that has magical properties that allow it to span an organisation, it is essential that organisations who are looking to tackle Information Quality, Data Protection, or Data Governance issues start to think along the Horizontal and build coherent teams that break down barriers to people doing good work.
In fact, that is one of W. Edward’s Deming’s 14 Points for Management Transformation.
So, having done all this good work with my clients I was a bit dismayed to read about the forthcoming Finance Bill (very soon to become the Finance No.1 Act 2011) which contains sections which replicate (imperfectly and incompletely) the provisions of the Data Protection Acts 1988 and 2003. By bolting in provisions like this into a piece of legislation, the Government (and the Opposition) are adding yet more fudge and confusion to the management and governance of Data Protection in Ireland. Rossa McMahon, an Irish lawyer with an interest in Data Protection has written a critique of the legislation on his blog.
This is a VERY bad thing for a number of reasons.
- It sends a signal that the Data Protection Acts are not as important as other legislation. It appears that consultation and discussion is required before any changes to the DPA can be made. But poorly thought through provisions can be thrown into the Finance Bill without any apparent consideration of whether existing laws might meet the need.
- At the current state of knowledge and awareness that pervades in Ireland having a second (actually a third if you count FOI) set of legislative provisions which address Data Protection issues is just an invitation for Chinese Whispers and confusion about what is involved in Data Protection. The fact that s.73 relates only to breaches of Data Security by the Revenue Commissioners is an invitation for people to think they can ignore the Data Security Breach Code of Practice.
- For a number of years industry experts and privacy activists have been calling for increased penalties and enhanced enforcement mechanisms for the Data Protection Commissioner, including the creation of specific offences re: breaches of Data Security. It would be FAR better to pull s73 from the Finance Bill and instead create a new offence under the Data Protection Acts which would then apply to ALL Data Controllers and Data Processors.
- The Data Protection Acts will probably be reviewed and renewed in the coming months on foot of the EU/European Commission review of the underlying Directive 95/46/EC. What then for the provisions of s.73? | <urn:uuid:004daf88-7376-456e-b06f-38e4f9eb0c82> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://castlebridge.ie/2011/01/25/good-governance-means-spanning-silos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944825 | 593 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Sometimes solving hunger can seem like an insurmountable problem. What can one person really do? Callia, a Boise eight-year-old, shows that one person, even a child, can make a huge difference.
When Cheyenne found out students at a school she once attended were suffering from hunger, she knew she had to act.
For a parent, the pangs of hunger are hardly the worst torment endured. Far beyond the focus on one’s own discomfort is an aim at quieting the grumblings of your little ones.
Lucas McDermott is a fellow with The Mission Continues, an organization that empowers veterans to find new purpose through community impact, redeploying them on new missions in their communities so their actions will inspire future generations to serve.
Many in Idaho do not understand the growing need that must be filled. Children in your community are hungry. Out of 20 students in Ms. Clark’s class, six of them receive food backpacks supplied by The Idaho Foodbank every Friday. (That is nearly 1/3 of the class.) The Backpack Buddy program gives children easy-to-make breakfasts, lunches, dinners, and snacks. These young students who rely heavily on free and reduced-price school lunches as the bulk of their food for the week have access to food during the weekend thanks to the program.
It’s now been 7 months since LaDene suffered a heart attack. | <urn:uuid:fe4f45b0-e24a-4fca-8dce-512fa59ccf5a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://idahofoodbank.org/category/stories-2/page/8/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968627 | 302 | 2.453125 | 2 |
They Left Their Nets
They Left Their Nets
Why does Mark not give me the background story? When I look for context, there is almost none! But I know from John and Luke the fuller story, but not from Mark.
AS HE WAS GOING ALONG
Mark wrote that Jesus was “preaching the gospel of God, and saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the gospel.” As He was going along by the Sea of Galilee, He saw Simon and Andrew, the brother of Simon, casting a net in the sea; for they were fishermen. And Jesus said to them, “Follow Me, and I will make you become fishers of men.” (Mark 1:14-18). If someone approached you on the street, and they wanted you to follow them, would you? No!
I would not follow them, unless I knew more about that person.
The apostles knew Jesus weeks before Mark 1:14-18, but Mark will not tell you this.
THE FIRST CALLING OF THE APOSTLES
“One of the two who heard John speak and followed Him, was Andrew, Simon Peter’s brother. He found first his own brother Simon and said to him, “We have found the Messiah” (which translated means Christ). He brought him to Jesus. Jesus looked at him and said, “You are Simon the son of John; you shall be called Cephas (which is translated Peter)” (John 1:40-42). This is the first calling.
JOHN IN PRISON - TIME MARKER
After the first calling of the apostles, John the baptist is put into prison. It’s like a time stamp in the gospels, and it happen’s early on in the ministry of Jesus. (Read it in Matthew 4:12, Mark 1:14, and John 3:24).
“Now after John had been taken into custody, Jesus came into Galilee” (Mark 1:14)
“Now when Jesus heard that John had been taken into custody, He withdrew into Galilee (Matt. 4:12)
SECOND CALLING - IN GALILEE
This is when Jesus calls them from their nets (Mark 1:14-18). So they already had been following Jesus and they had seen him turn water into wine. Also note that Luke, the investigator, tells us that Jesus told them to once again cast their nets into the sea. And instead of no fish, like the night before, they fill two boats full of fish with one cast of their net! (Luke 5:1-11).
SO WHY DOES MARK RECORD IT LIKE IT’S THE FIRST TIME?
I’m not sure why Mark doesn’t tell us he is recording the second calling of the apostles. But it might be written this way because Mark wants you to see that they dropped whatever they were doing, and followed him. Mark includes the word “immediately”. Perhaps it is your turn to drop whatever you are doing, and follow Jesus to his church, every time it assembles, to the glory of God. He is there every time. Dan Peters | <urn:uuid:0710dcc7-39d7-40dd-bd22-5c3c6ac9b28a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.westmurraychurch.com/about/bulletin/2021/12/05/they-left-their-nets | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.977017 | 687 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion are rightfully gaining traction as important aspects of a company’s workplace strategies. And yet, the significance of inclusion’s impact on retention is often overlooked, despite research demonstrating their correlation. This is especially true for parents/carers and their transitioning personal and professional lives. In this blog, we’ll define inclusion, and then discuss how it impacts staff retention, productivity, and wellbeing, with a focus on new parents and carers and their position in the workplace.
More than a tick-box exercise, inclusion is about making sure your employees feel valued by creating a work environment that caters to their needs. This environment helps employees to feel respected, heard, supported, and accepted, regardless of their background or differences from their colleagues.
Put simply, inclusive environments are safe spaces for any employee to be their authentic selves, no matter who they are.
As a manager, actively prioritising retention demonstrates your commitment as an inclusive employer. High levels of retention built on employees’ wish to continue at their place of work not only reflects their success in curating a positive and inclusive environment, but also helps them to retain diverse talent and save costs hiring and training new employees.
This is particularly important for organisations with high staff turnovers to consider. More often than not, a company with a revolving door of new employees hides a deeper issue with staff feeling undervalued, not listened to, or not appreciated.
The impact of inclusion on retention
A report by Better Up on The Value of Belonging at Work found that as few as one single incidence of micro exclusion in the workplace can lead to an immediate 25% decline in an individual’s performance. In contrast, the same report found that when employers feel like they belong, their performance improves by 56%.
The report also found that when staff report feeling valued, not only do sick days decrease by 75%, but their intention to stay increases by 50%. Inclusion is an integral part of retention.
To create an inclusive environment, employers should, to quote Karen Brown from Harvard Business Review, establish a place where “people can be who they are, that values their unique talents and perspectives, and makes them want to stay.” This may be difficult, however, as employees who differ from most of their colleagues in religion, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic background, and generation, often “hide important parts of themselves at work for fear of negative consequences”, to quote Brown.
Staff member’s desire to stay at their place of work is largely affected by their feeling included, and employers must create inclusive environments if they want to retain their staff. Inclusion has a massive impact on retention, so employers should take it seriously if they’re looking to improve their staff turnover statistics.
How employers can create more inclusive environments
For employers to develop inclusive principles at their place of work, they must first understand their employees, and avoid looking at blanket statistics without considering individuals and minority groups.
At CM Talent we have a number of programmes aimed at creating solid, inclusive foundations that build on introductory diversity and inclusion training and support staff throughout their careers to feel valued. We also help you to get the most of your team in the long run.
For many, the transition to becoming a parent or carer can leave them feeling excluded from the development and progress of their team. We’re Family Care Leave experts and help companies manage leave transitions and support working parents/carers.
We also work directly with managers, delivering group and 1:1 training to ensure they are well equipped to create inclusive, productive networks. During these sessions, we ensure to explore topics like implicit bias training and mental health, among others, to ensure that line managers feel confident and prepared for conversations around diversity, inclusion, and mental health.
Employee network groups that focus on gender, race, parents and carers, as well as mental health and emotional wellbeing that unite staff who may otherwise feel excluded helps to validate them and generates a sense of belonging, which is beneficial to employee engagement and wellbeing. At CM Talent, we specialise in creating these internal employee networks that can be tailored to your organisation’s specific diversity and inclusion.
If you’re looking to create more inclusivity in your workplace, we can support you through this process.
CM Talent helps employers retain diverse teams. Contact us for a discussion about ways in which we can help you prioritise inclusion in your workplace. | <urn:uuid:a056820e-ed00-43f4-9f17-113434369517> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cmtalent.co.uk/the-impact-of-inclusion-on-staff-retention/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.957009 | 928 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Juliet was precipitately followed by Lord Melbury.
'It is not, then,' he cried, 'your intention to return to Mrs Ireton?'
'No, my lord, never!'
She had but just uttered these words, when, immediately facing her, she beheld Mrs Howel.
A spectre could not have made her start more affrighted, could not have appeared to her more horrible. And Lord Melbury, who earnestly, at the same moment, had pronounced, 'Tell me whither, then,—' stopping abruptly, looked confounded.
'May I ask your lordship to take me to Lady Aurora?' Mrs Howel coldly demanded.
'Aurora?—Yes;—she is there, Ma'am;—still in the gallery.'
Mrs Howel presented him her hand, palpably to force him with her; and stalked past Juliet, without any other demonstration of perceiving her than what was unavoidably manifested by an heightened air of haughty disdain.
Lord Melbury, distressed, would still have hung back; but Mrs Howel, taking his arm, proceeded, as if without observing his repugnance.
Juliet, in trembling dismay, glided on till she entered a vacant apartment, of which the door was open. To avoid intrusion, she was shutting herself in; but, upon some one's applying, nearly the next minute, for admittance, the fear of new misconstruction forced her to open the door. What, then, was her shock at again viewing Mrs Howel! She started back involuntarily, and her countenance depicted undisguised horrour. | <urn:uuid:9f45cd73-1203-4a33-a8ad-419d926331c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://freeditorial.com/es/books/the-wanderer-volume-iv | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.979076 | 344 | 1.5625 | 2 |
What is CRG?
CRG, or “communities, rights, and gender,” refers to interventions that aim to ensure that country responses and programmes on HIV, TB, and malaria are community-focused, human rights-based, and gender transformative. The promotion of CRG is based on evidence that for HIV, TB, and/or malaria interventions to be effective, communities, human rights, and gender should be a central part of our response to these diseases.
CRG Platform in Asia & the Pacific
The Asia-Pacific Platform on Communities, Rights, and Gender (APCRG) is a communications and coordination platform for civil society groups, key population networks, non-governmental and community-based organisations that are involved in the response to fight HIV, TB, and malaria. It is one the six regional platforms that were established with the support of the the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB, and Malaria (the Global Fund) under the Community, Rights, and Gender Special Initiative (CRG SI).
The creation of the Regional Platforms reflects the urgency of including CRG-related interventions in HIV, TB, and malaria programmes. Specifically, the platforms hope to:
- Improve the knowledge of civil society and community-based organizations on the Global Fund and on how to access technical assistance to improve the inclusion of CRG-related interventions in their HIV, TB, and malaria programmes;
- Coordinate with other technical assistance providers in the region;
- Improve understanding on the technical assistance and capacity gaps of civil society and community-based organizations to promote and/or implement CRG-related interventions; and
- Promote strategic CRG-related capacity-building initiatives in the region.
The work of APCRG
As a coordination and communications platform, APCRG supports initiatives to help civil society groups, key population networks, non-governmental and community-based organisations to push for the inclusion of CRG-related interventions in different HIV, TB, and malaria programmes across the region. Our work includes the following:
- Coordinating and facilitating communications among different stakeholders from civil society and partners for relevant and up-to-date content and materials on CRG;
- Facilitating a deeper understanding of CRG issues among HIV, TB, and malaria civil society groups, donors, development partners, and technical assistance providers as well as improving awareness of how support can be provided to mainstream CRG interventions;
- Providing information to civil society groups, key population networks, non-governmental and community-based organisations on how to access support from the Global Fund CRG Technical Assistance Programme, or via other TA providers;
- Developing CRG resources, among them a CRG Needs Assessment tool and a module to capacitate civil society members of Country Coordinating Mechanism on how to engage at the CCM and in different NFM processes in order to advocate for CRG-related interventions;
- Through country partners and partners like UNAIDS and the Malaria Consortium, conducting CRG Needs Assessment workshops to map out CRG needs and priorities at the country level;
- Reviewing Concept Notes to assess inclusion of CRG in country programs and to provide recommendations on how to ensure that CRG issues are flagged in Concept Note narratives and CRG-related interventions are operationalised and budgeted;
- Producing community-friendly resources online and engaging in social media engagements to broaden awareness on CRG among key populations; and
- Developing resources to unpack disease-specific CRG issues, which include, among others, access to medicines as human rights and gender issues in malaria and tuberculosis.
APCASO as the platform host
APCASO is an Asia-Pacific regional civil society network of community-based and non-governmental organisations on HIV, health, and social justice, with focus on advocacy and community capacity development. It has in-country partners and focal points in 11 countries in Asia-pacific, such as Australia, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, India, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam and with close working relationships with partners in Japan, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea and Thailand
APCASO is also a member of the STOP TB Coalition and sits in the global Civil Society TB Task Force. It is the Technical Advisor for the Regional Malaria Platform, which is comprised of malaria CSOs in Thailand, Myanmar, Lao PDR, Cambodia, and Vietnam. APCASO also collaborates with regional networks of key populations, including networks of people who use drugs, people living with HIV, sex workers, men who have sex with men, trans people, migrants and mobile populations, including young key populations.
As the platform host, APCASO is leveraging its work in community mobilization and partnership to link communities with donors, development agencies, and TA providers working in the three diseases in the region, which, aside from the Global Fund, include the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, French 5% Initiative, USAID, OSF, UNAIDS, the UN Inter-Agency Task Team on Gender Equality, the Technical Support Facility, and the Technical Support Hub. | <urn:uuid:125569e6-545a-4143-b67e-089c48d76e60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://apcaso.org/about-crg-and-apcrg/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.920113 | 1,056 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Advanced Solid Waste Management
Advanced Solid Waste Management
This assignment will allow you to demonstrate the following objectives:
Evaluate the evolution of technologies related solid waste management.
Describe best practices of solid waste management in an urban society.
Instructions: Advanced treatment technologies will be needed in the future to complement the=]traditional landfill and incineration options in use today. The objective of these technologies is to prepare wastes for disposal where combustion is present and to derive energy from municipal wastes with the benefit of reducing the volume that is landfilled after treatment. This extends the life of landfills before they become unavailable to the local community and need to be closed. The fuel value of municipal waste explored in this assignment is critical to the efficient operation of advanced technologies.
Answer the questions directly on this document. When you are finished, select and save the document using this format: Student ID_Unit# (ex. 1234567_UnitI). Upload this document to BlackBoard as a .doc, docx, or .rtf file. The specified word count is given for each question. At a minimum, you must use your textbook as a resource for these questions. Other sources may be used as needed. All material from outside sources (including your textbook) must be cited and referenced in APA format. Please include a reference list after each question.
1) The particle size of municipal solid waste (MSW) is best described by a distribution of particle sizes. Referring to Figure 4
–-12 (p g. 145):
a) List the waste categories that have a larger particle size than the composite curve.
b) List the waste categories that have a smaller particle size than the composite curve.
c) As the blades on the shredder unit begin to wear, will the particle size of the composite curve be shifted towards larger or smaller particles? Explain how you came to your answer.
d) Looking at Table 4
–-3 (p g. 148), will Houston, TexasTX, or Wilmington, DelDE ., have a coarser particle size distribution? Explain how you came to this determination using best practices in solid waste management. (Your total response for all parts of this question should be at least 200 words.)
2) Properties of MSW (For parts A-C, show all of your work for the problems.)
a) As a consultant, your client hands you literature that
they it have has received from two manufacturers of shredder equipment. The bulk density specifications of unit “A†is 29.3 lb/ Ft3 ft3 and the bulk density of unit “B†is 435 Kgkg/ M3m3. Which unit will deliver a higher bulk density refuse? Show your work.
b) Referring to Fig 4-
–1 (p. g, 127), how far above the floor is the bulk density of the stored MSW when it is compressed to 200 Kgkg/ M3m3?
c) What is the potential concern of the facility manager if the moisture content of the stored MSW is 60%?
d) Prepare a table that compares two different shredder technologies presented in the textbook. In the table, list the advantages and disadvantages for each technology. When preparing the table, think about how your two chosen shredders have evolved over time to meet the needs of solid waste engineers. Include information about this in your table. (Your total response for Part D of this question should be at least 100 words.)
3) A local municipality is selling landfill capacity to a neighboring communities to generate additional revenue for the community. The following specifications are known about the facility:
The volume of waste that can go into the landfill will be limited to 2.5 million yd3
· The neighboring communities are required to deliver MSW at a density of 750 lb/yd3
a) How much revenue can the landfill generate if
they it charges $45/ton for the waste received from the neighboring communities . ? Show all work.
b) If the landfill purchases a compressor capable of delivering 1,350 lb/yd3, how much additional revenue can the landfill generate? Show all work.
c) Refer to Fig. 4-
–6 (p g. 138). What pressure needs to be apply applie to the refuse to deliver a compressed waste to the landfill at of 500 lb/yd3?
d) The landfill is developing criteria for purchasing another compression unit. At what pressure must the compressor operate
or to get a bulk density of 1,080 lb/yd3? (For Parts A-D, show all of your work.)
e) What are some of the best practice alternatives that will also generate income to offset landfill operational costs that the municipality might consider if the economics do not support selling landfill capacity to a neighbor
that will also generate income to offset landfill operational costs? (Your total response for Part E should be at least 200 words.)
4) Hammermill Shredder
a) Figure 4-
–9 (p g. 142) shows a diagram of a vertical hammer shredder. Describe the function of the top half of the unit. What happens if the unit does not properly operate?
b) What is the function of the lower half of the unit? What happens if the unit does not properly operate?
c) Define what is meant by characteristic size? (For Parts A-C, show all of your work.)
d) Using Fig 4-
–16 (p g. 151), does the characteristic size (XO) of the refuse change as higher levels of refuse are processed? How would you explain to your client the variability that you see in the graphs to your client? (Your total response for Part D should be at least 75 words). | <urn:uuid:af0f34b9-7ed5-4cb4-adf6-547da96aef22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://myassignmentwriters.com/advanced-solid-waste-management/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.882636 | 1,204 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Organizations are cutting payrolls to reduce costs in the current economic climate. Organizations must find ways to increase the productivity of employees to compensate for staff reductions. Organization leaders can be trained in strategic planning to help them set and achieve long-term goals.
This is an effective way to do this. An organization's ability to adapt quickly to change is key because it is the only constant in its business environment. The strategic planning training course will generally focus on teaching employees to answer three questions about the company:
What can we do?
Who do we do it for?
How can we excel?
Image Source: Google
Facilitator training for organizational leaders is another resource that can help companies answer these questions. Facilitators are a valuable role in many organizations that hold planning sessions or meetings that concentrate on strategic direction.
The facilitator is someone who oversees a discussion and works to get all employees to contribute ideas to help the organization achieve its goals. Some companies prefer to have the job done by a specialist. However, some companies find that facilitator training is an excellent way to increase the skills of organizational leaders to reach their goals.
Combining this type of training with strategic planning training helps to distinguish true leaders from their peers.
Leaders who can develop business strategies and put them into action can make the difference between a profitable business and one that is stagnant. Training in strategic planning will typically focus on real-world examples and begin with basic strategy formulation. | <urn:uuid:c9ce08d5-d897-40d0-b2e5-1837cf8d91a1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.airmac.org/why-strategic-planning-training-is-necessary-for-organizational-leaders/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95873 | 297 | 2.203125 | 2 |
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This tutorial will show you how to make a level editor for your game. First, create a new project. Then, make a game, because we need a game to make a level edi...
In this tutorial, I replicate the screen of the player expelled in Among Us by replicating the background of the space and the character that moves by rotating...
We have two articles of game making in our blog. We'd be so happy if you read them and share your idea with us! "How to make games: Idea and Documents". Part1:... | <urn:uuid:0547a128-533c-4924-8621-34c3f3b4d889> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.construct.net/en/tags/en/tag-5690 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.928207 | 198 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Put Curiosity First With CURIOSITY WORKS®
Curiosity is essential for effective teaching and learning. Curiosity electrifies learning for students and teachers alike, in all kinds of schools and in all subject areas and grade levels. McREL has specific, evidence-based techniques teachers can use to spark curiosity in their classrooms, creating huge opportunities for student engagement, motivation, and deep learning. McREL also has strategies that principals, school leadership teams, and teacher teams can use to foster professional curiosity that supports schoolwide improvement and innovation.
Curiosity isn’t static, it’s a continuous journey, and McREL can be your guide. Contact us today to get resources, coaching, professional learning, and consulting to boost curiosity in your school or system. | <urn:uuid:243054e4-b52f-4a16-8fcc-b709b9609260> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mcrel.org/curiosityworks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95009 | 155 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Looking for a way to spice up your conversation? Then you should be looking for fun words to say, not just big words! When it comes to a list of fun words to say, we have a whole slough of them for you to add to your fabulous vocabulary, so read on! Ready....set...go!
Argle-Bargle: A British phrase for a loud row or quarrel.
Baba ghanoush: An Eastern Mediterranean sauce made with eggplant.
Bada bing bada boom: An expression implying that something will happen with little effort. I.e. “Just like that!”
Beelzebub: Satan, prince of evil spirits.
Bling: Shiny, expensive jewelry.
Blubber: A think layer or fat.
Bodacious: Excellent and attractive.
Bonk: To hit something. Slang for sex.
Brouhaha: A very excited response.
Bumfuzzle: To confuse.
Bunghole: A hole used to remove or replenish liquid contents in a barrel. Also slang for anus.
Cantankerous: Uncooperative, argumentative.
Capiche: A question asking if someone understands.
Cattywampus: Diagonal, kitty-corner.
Cockatoo: A large, domesticated bird characterized by its intelligence and crest of feathers that stand up on its head.
Collywobbles: Stomach ache, pain in the abdomen. Butterflies in the stomach.
Crapulence: Illness caused by eating or drinking too much.
Crotchety: Irritable, grumpy, short-tempered.
Dagnabbit: A slang word for an expression of frustration. “Darn it!”
Darn tootin’: An expression of “absolutely!”
Didgeridoo: A wind instrument made of a long piece of wood, usually a tree branch, which produces a deep sound.
Dilly-dally: A waste of time.
Dinghy: A small boat.
Dingleberry: A piece of feces stuck to the hair surrounding the anus, usually in animals. Slang for a foolish person.
Dingus: Referencing something where the real term cannot be recalled. Slang for a stupid person.
Doodle: A drawing, often involving little detail.
Doohickey: A small gadget
Doozy: Something difficult or unique from the norm.
Dumbledore: A Bumblebee. Also the name of a professor in the fictional stories of Harry Potter.
Fartknocker: A general insult coined by Butthead from Beaveis and Butthead.
Fartlek: A training program.
Fiddlesticks: A bow for a violin. A slang expression for frustration.
Flabbergasted: To be astonished by something.
Flibbertigibbet: A very talkative or scatterbrained person.
Fuddy-duddy: An older, fussy person.
Gee golly: An expression of surprise or wonder.
Gee willikers: An expression of surprise or wonder.
Gibberish: Something that doesn’t make sense. Nonsense.
Gnarly: Dangerous. Slang for going beyond extreme.
Gung-ho: Eager to do something.
Hanky-panky: Sexual behavior.
Hasta la vista: Spanish for “see you later!”
Hipster: A person who is always up on the latest fashion trends, always “hip.”
Hooligan: A trouble-maker.
Hootenanny: A gathering involving folk music and singing, sometimes dancing. Country slang for party.
Hullabaloo: An uproar, a fuss, commotion.
Incredulous: Showing disbelief, skeptical.
Itty-bitty: Really small.
Knickers: Pants that fall between the knee or mid-calf.
Lickety-split: To move quickly.
Lollipop: A piece of candy on a stick.
Lollygag: To spend time without direction or activity.
Mellifluous: Pleasant to the ears.
Mugwump: A politician who does not follow a specific political party.
Nincompoop: A foolish person.
Nincompoopery: The act of being a nincompoop.
Padiddle: A game played in a car: When a vehicle is seen driving with one headlight out, occupants of the vehicle must say “padiddle!” and the last person to say it must remove an article of clothing.
Pantaloons: Baggy pants gathered around the ankles.
Paradiddle: A sequence of beats performed on a drum with alternating hands.
Phalanx: A group of police officers or men of authority. A bone in the finger or toe.
Piccadilly: high wing collars worn by men in the late 19th century.
Pronk: To leap in the air with arched back.
Quagmire: A piece of land that is soft and cannot hold weight, such as a swamp. An awkward situation. Also the name of a sex-obsessed character on Family Guy.
Rigmarole: A lengthy list of steps to execute a single action. An unnecessarily long story or explanation.
Sassafras: A tree native to North America and Asia, commonly used for it’s medicinal properties.
Scandalous: Disgraceful, shameful.
Scatterbrained: A mentally and physically disorganized person.
Schmoozer: Someone who likes to strike up intimate conversation. Slang for a suck-up.
Schmuck: A foolish person.
Scrumptious: Very delicious.
Shenanigans: Silly or mischievous behavior.
Shucks: An expression of frustration.
Skedaddle: To run away in a hurried manner.
Snickerdoodle: A cookie made with flour, butter, sugar, and cinnamon.
Spiffy: Appearing sharp or smart.
Squeegee: A tool used to remove water from windows or floors.
Sucker: Something or someone that literally sucks. Someone who is easily fooled. Another term for lollipop.
Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious: A ridiculously long word meaning wonderful, a term coined in the old movie Mary Poppins.
Swag: A window dressing that is hung in a drooping fashion. Slang for money or material possessions.
Taradiddle: A lie. Nonsense.
Tarnation: Euphemism for damnation.
Turd: Fecal matter in a long, solid form.
Turdiform: Having the structure of a thrush.
Turducken: A meal made with chicken inside of a duck, inside of a turkey, often topped with bacon (mmmmm).
Uber: Emphasis of another word, to a high degree.
Ululate: To wail, hoot, or howl in an expressive way.
Umpteen: Many, a lot of.
Uvula: A piece of flesh connected to the soft palate that hangs down in the back of the throat.
Vestibule: A foyer or entryway.
Vomitory: The entry/exit of an auditorium. To induce vomiting.
Wabbit: Tired or exhausted.
Weiner: A smoked hotdog or sausage.
Whippersnapper: A young and inexperienced, yet overconfident person.
Willy-nilly: Haphazardly. Whether someone likes it or not.
Zimbabwe: A country located in South Africa.
With all of these fun words to say, your conversations can sound more interesting for a lifetime! My favorite part of using fun words is using words that someone hasn’t heard before, causing the most befuddled of expressions! Just try it and see just how fun it can be! | <urn:uuid:b3f2fd2a-0ff0-4c5d-852c-27a06133aae5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://discover.hubpages.com/literature/fun-words-to-say | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.831001 | 1,765 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Date of this Version
Black Vulture: The available evidence suggests that black vultures act as typical predators by seeking and disabling vulnerable animals prior to overwhelming and killing them (Gluesing et al., 1980). These birds take the path of least resistance and eat carrion when it is available. Black vultures are opportunists, however, and when the chance arises, they will attack and eat defenseless live animals. Defenseless does not necessarily mean sick or injured. Healthy newborn livestock are defenseless, especially if the mother is exhausted or otherwise not able to care for and protect the offspring. In assessing the role of black vultures as livestock predators, it is difficult to obtain objective, unbiased information because direct observations of black vulture attacks on livestock are uncommon. Usually, the investigator arrives at the feeding site after the prey animal is dead and the chain of events leading to the demise of the animal is speculative. The fact that black vultures are feeding on a carcass is not evidence that the birds killed the animal. Some animals are stillborn and others die for reasons unrelated to black vultures. Female livestock, especially young and inexperienced ones, sometimes suffer mortal injuries while giving birth. If vultures attack and kill such mortally injured animals, they are eliminating individuals that are already doomed. As the black vulture population increases and its range continues to expand, depredations to livestock are likely to increase. To resolve these conflicts, research is needed to understand more fully the population dynamics of this species and to determine factors that contribute to the birds’ preying on livestock. In particular, it will be important to know why some livestock operations incur vulture damage while other ranches are not affected. Research is currently underway specifically to address these data gaps.
Golden Eagle: Golden eagle populations are increasing in western states with sheep production. It is unknown whether increased eagle numbers translates into increases in livestock depredations. It is important for livestock producers to understand that management techniques for golden eagles are limited. The combination of human-like scarecrows, harassment and increased human activity is the most feasible means of protecting lambing bands from golden eagles. As potential new avian management techniques evolve, an effort should be made to evaluate their effectiveness to reduce livestock depredation from golden eagles. | <urn:uuid:ad4a95fc-cea5-4ff7-aecf-1e57d901039f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdm_usdanwrc/76/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.926871 | 477 | 3.234375 | 3 |
by Bob Burridge ©2011, 2021
Lesson 7: What can we do to be stronger Christians?
To have stronger and healthier bodies we need to eat foods that are good for us, get enough exercise, get enough sleep, and take our medicines when we get sick.
To grow as better Christians there are things we should do too. God’s power and blessing is what makes us grow, but he tells us to obey him, and to make use of the tools that he promises will make us stronger spiritually. We call these the “means of grace“.
1. We need to learn God’s Word.
God’s word tells us what is true, and what things are right to do. When we read and study the Bible God uses it to make us more like our Savior, Jesus Christ. We should read our Bibles every day. On Sundays we need to pay close attention during the sermons and lessons at Church. We should listen carefully when we do our Bible study times together as a family and with other believers.
2. We need to talk with God in Prayer.
God tells us we should come to him in prayer. We should tell him how wonderful he is as our Creator and as our Savior who died to forgives us for our sins. We should thank him for his many blessings. We should repentantly admit our sins to him, and ask him to help us not do things that offend him. We should bring our needs to him, both our own needs and those of others we know. We can pray any time from anywhere. A healthy Christian should pray throughout the day.
3. We need to take part in worship, specially the Sacraments.
When we go to Church to worship we should pay attention to every part of the service. Worship is a very important exercise to keep us spiritually healthy. We should be sure we have been properly baptized to show we are members of the covenant community bearing the name of our Savior. When we understand the Lord’s Supper we should go to the leaders of the church and ask them to let us join with the congregation in humbly and thankfully receiving the bread and wine during Communion. God promises to help us grow spiritually when we receive the sacraments in the right way.
4. We need to help each other to live by what God says is right.
When we do wrong things, our Christian friends encourage us to admit our sins and to change our ways. When we do right, we should encourage one another too. Sometimes when Church members will not admit their sins or will not make things right again the officers of the church may correct them. They might even tell them not to receive the Lord’s Supper until they are ready to change their ways and admit they have done wrong..
These are ways God works in our lives to help us grow as Christians. They make us stronger. In our next studies we will look more closely at each of these means of grace.
(Bible verses are quoted from the New King James Version of the Bible)
Index of our lessons on Bible Basics | <urn:uuid:abe9f86e-c0dd-4ef4-85aa-7092fdfa3f7e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://genevaninstitute.org/tag/bible/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.972289 | 648 | 1.96875 | 2 |
I heard about this website, Streak Club, and decided to start a streak of my own. For the entire month of March, I challenge myself (and anyone who’d like to participate) to draw one creature every day in any medium. What constitutes a creature? A creature is anything with a face, really. Any combination of animals, vegetables, minerals, and so on can be a creature, as long as it has life.
This semester I took a mold-making class. I wanted to learn about the materials and techniques required to replicate 3-dimensional works, ideally so I can make toys or figurines. My initial idea for my final project was to make bobble heads, but as time went on and I really started thinking about the materials, I thought it would be interesting to do something a little different.
One thing I have to say is that I had no idea how many different materials there are to work with. There’s all kinds of foams, resins, and rubbers to work with, and each material has its own rules and restrictions. Just the practice of making a mold forces you to look at the object in a whole new way. You have to think about venting, pour spout placement, and parting walls, and potential air bubbles in the mold itself. So much of the process is knowing your materials.
Over the course of the semester, I found that despite the fact that molds are meant to replicate one object again and again, there can be drastic variation between each casting. This got me thinking about the nature of replication.
A few semesters back, I took a fiber class, where I learned to crochet. Crochet is all about repetition of a single stitch to create a uniform surface. As you might know, patterns exist to guide makers into creating specific forms. Like castings, however, no two works are ever precisely alike.
A material that caught my attention early on was something called “Friendly Plastic”. This plastic comes in a container of little pellets, which you heat up and mush together to press into a mold (or you can just sculpt with it). Once it cools, it’s very lightweight. I was surprised by how much detail it could capture.
With all this in mind, I crocheted three separate “bodies” as a kind of stream of consciousness exercise. I used Super Sculpey to create five different creature heads, which I then made silicone molds of. I cast each mold three times with Friendly Plastic and attached them to the yarn bodies.
The crocheted bodies can’t be exactly replicated, as nobody (including me) knows the pattern for them. The heads, however, can be almost precisely replicated using the silicone molds, which capture even minute details.
I enjoy how tortured these heads look to be all clumped together on each body, like they all went through a malfunctioning teleportation machine. I think I will make separate bodies for some of them and make a few bobbleheads over the summer.
I am very much looking forward to experimenting with what I can do with my new skills! | <urn:uuid:9e4a0050-2018-4067-a2e7-c090936e769a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://artfularmadillo.com/tag/creatures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.972803 | 648 | 2.203125 | 2 |
I confess to being fascinated by the sudden advance in technology over the last few years in driverless (aka. autonomous) cars. Unlike personal jetpacks (which frankly I’ve been waiting for since 1984 when some dude flew into the opening ceremony of Los Angeles Olympics) driverless cars are a real thing that is highly likely to available for sale within five years. One of the reasons to expect driverless cars on our roads in the near future is that we have not one but multiple major car companies saying they will have autonomous cars on the market by 2020, if not sooner. Yes, there was a tragic fatal accident recently involving a test driver of a Tesla autonomus car, but already there is significant evidence to suggest that driverless car are very likely to be more safe on the road than human driven ones – after all, most accidents on roads are caused by human error.
So what advantages would driverless cars offer people with impairments? Several benefits immediately spring to mind. Firstly, driverless cars provide a personal transport option for people who cannot drive. If you are unable to drive due to visual impairments, cognitive impairments, or physical impairments you could still have all the benefits of personal car use from a driverless car.
Secondly, driverless car do not need to wait where you leave them. It would be possible with a driverless car to take a trip to the supermarket, stop right outside the front door, exit your vehicle, and then send your car off to park somewhere convenient around the corner (or several blocks away) while you do you shopping. When you’re ready to return home, shopping in hand, all you would need to do is just call your car by phone (or by speaking into your watch if you want to do it Michael Knight style) to have it come and pick you up again. Shopping centers would still probably need to have drop-off points reserved for people with disabilities, but driverless cars would increase the number of vehicles that could make use of such parks at any one time.
Thirdly, driverless cars do not need to be owned by a single individual. Driverless cars create options for community ownership of vehicles, which can be used by multiple people at the same time. Your car could drop you off at work, then go and help someone else get to their doctor's appointment rather than sit unused in a carpark, waiting for you to finish your work day.
A fourth advantage of driverless cars is likely to be how space inside the car can be used. Currently, cars have to be set up to accommodate a driver, with a steering wheel, gear shift and so on. A fully functional driverless car wouldn’t even need front-facing seats. The entire interior of a car could be one large space to accommodate a wheelchair or other adaptive equipment, making getting into and out of car much easier.
The cost of driverless car will be an initial barrier to their uptake by people with disabilities, but as use of driverless cars increases, the cost will be driven down. In fact Travis Kalanick, CEO of Uber, has said that his taxi fleet will be completely driverless by 2030, by which time he expects Uber services to be so ubiquitous and cheap as to make car ownership obsolete.
William Levack is an Associate Professor of Rehabilitation at the Rehabilitation Teaching & Research Unit, Univerity of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand. Twitter: @DrLevack | <urn:uuid:0e992197-358e-4fe7-8825-ce14091949d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://rehabilitation.org.nz/Blogs/4195940 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.974726 | 705 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Originally published by the West Coast Libertarian Foundation in the newsletter of the Greater Vancouver Libertarian Association in April 1981.
On March 21 Peterborough Libertarian activist Sally Hayes addressed the second meeting of the Libertarian Supper Club of Vancouver. Twenty-six guests listened to Mrs. Hayes’ discussion of the role of the individual in libertarian activism. She pointed out that one person can in fact have considerable influence on political events.
She mentioned her personal indignation at Senator Edward Kennedy’s proposal of a Medicare program for the US and the way he cited Canada as an example of how Medicare has worked successfully. Ever since the introduction of Medicare in Ontario, Sally has been keeping a file of newspaper clippings on its effects on the state of health care in the province.
She noted that over 90% of the population had private insurance before the introduction of Medicare. The post-Medicare situation resulted in bureaucratic tangles, an exodus of doctors from the province, and a deterioration in the quality of medical care. The Ontario Health Insurance Program (OHIP) created so much dissatisfaction among Ontario doctors that a considerable number have opted out of the program.
To counter Kennedy’s allegations she wrote a letter to the editor of every major newspaper in the US refuting the claims of the Senator using her collected documentation.Many newspapers published her letter and the Colorado Medical Association reprinted her letter in a brochure entitled “The Truth from Canada”, copies of which were placed in the waiting rooms of most doctors’ offices in the state.
This brochure was published shortly before a visit by Senator Kennedy to Colorado to promote his plans. Needless. to say, he was not well-received.
She also related how her husband, John Hayes, addressed a Peterborough city council meeting and persuaded the council to refuse to subsidize a local artist to the tune of $5000. He threatened to withhold his business taxes if such a grant was made.
Perhaps the best example of effective action by an individual was Mrs. Hayes’ battles with the Metric Commissars. Peterborough was one of the three test centers for metrication several years ago. The local reaction to forced metrication was unfavorable and she took the time to document the expenses involved in the program and to launch an effective movement to stop compulsory metrication.
Operation HUMBUG (Help Undo Metrication -Bug your MP) was instrumental in convincing Peterborough MP Bill Domm and former Minster of Small Business Ron Huntington to become outspoken critics of the program.
Metrication has effectively been delayed two years as a result of HUMBUG’s efforts. 1982 is now slated as a target date for metrication in 37 cities across Canada. But Sally Hayes has not quit yet. Her organization continues to grow and will not cease until compulsory metrication is stopped and the Metric Commission abolished.
Her talk inspired her listeners to realize that speaking out on issues is not merely crying in the wilderness. Sally Hayes is an excellent example of what one person can do. | <urn:uuid:30f61db7-6b2a-4412-ac99-f72f5bf4c7a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://libertarian.bc.ca/2019/03/10/what-one-person-can-do/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968506 | 612 | 1.53125 | 2 |
After February 24, the German government found itself literally between a rock and a hard place, or more precisely, between the desire of the Americans impose as severe sanctions on Russia as possible one side and tangible costs for their own economy from “gas war” with another.
The problem is that the actions of the Americans against Nord Stream 2 and the constant pressure on Germany are causing enormous damage to its economy and, in the end, can have the opposite effect – destroy the remnants of European solidarity in the position on Ukraine and in the sanctions. At the same time, to destroy the European economy.
Objectively, different countries pay different prices for their participation in this crisis. From Western countries It is Germany that pays the most, by losing access to cheap hydrocarbons from Russia. Another US President Donald Trump called the Germanshostages» Russia because of the alleged energy dependence on Moscow. But after all … what prevented Germany even under the ex-Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel seriously diversify supplies by replacing Russian gas with, say, Qatari. The answer is simple: price. Russian pipeline gas is the cheapest gas in the world.
There is only one state that does not benefit from a strong Europe at all
There are many reasons for the current situation, and let’s be honest: many of them have nothing to do with Ukraine. Now Europe buys gas from Russia at spot prices, that is, the price can change at any given time. There is a lot of gas on the market – the price falls, little gas – the price rises. Before EU bought gas under long-term contracts – once agreed, the parties received gas at a fixed price for a long time. It turned out such a kind of gas hedge, when both the buyer and the seller fixed the price. The EU decided that this situation is unfair and non-market and decided to make the situation more “honest“. As a result, gas prices in Europe soared by 600%, provoking at the end of 2021 the gas crisis in the EU. By the way, The United States actively welcomed the transition to “competitive» spot market, while Gazprom, on the contrary, really did not want to switch to the spot market.
As a result, in December 2021, before the events in Ukraine, the price of gas rose to incredible 2.2 thousand dollars per thousand cubic meters. Another reason was the passion for renewable energy sources. No, in Germany everything is fine with it, and a couple of years ago a record was even set: more than half of the country’s energy generation was related to renewable energy. But it is unstable: on the worst days, it “falls” to a value of less than ten%.
Gas prices in Europe according to the Dutch platform TTF
In March, the April futures price on the Dutch TTF hub reached 3898 dollars per thousand cubic meters of gas. Do you know what it was average price this same gas for Europe from Gazprom in 2015? 243 dollars per thousand cubic meters in 2015 and 182.5 dollar in the first half of 2016.
But the problem is not only in gas. Wholesale prices in Germany have already risen in annual terms by 21.2% with annual inflation as of July of order 7.6% year by year. Germany has already recorded a foreign trade deficit of about 1 billion euros for the first time since 1991 despite the fact that the last 10 years the positive balance was approximately 17 billion monthly, that is, about 200 billion a year. As a result, the losses for the German economy simply from changes in foreign trade can be estimated at about 5% GDP. It is clear that some of them will be compensated, but the fact itself. Estimated inflation in EU order 8.6% year on year, and this is an absolute record since its inception.
Now let’s ask a question: What are the Europeans paying for? For the salvation of Ukraine? Sorry but no: if Europe wants to really hurt Russia, it should just stop buying gas. Until then, any restrictions are meaningless: Russia’s income from gas exports even increased (!) due to the huge spot price. In fact, European exports have even compensated for Russia’s need to sell oil to China at a deep discount.
And most importantly – all other restrictions against Russia will only work in the long term. Yes, inflation will rise in the Russian Federation, GDP and living standards will fall. But, firstly, it will happen gradually, and secondly, what will it cost? And here we come to the main question: Are sanctions against Russia effective right now? Notare not effective: often “in the moment” the huge economies of the EU lose even more. Then another question arises: let’s be honest, why were they introduced?
And here we come to what we talked about at the beginning of the article. There is only one state that does not benefit from a strong Europe at all. Who needs a weak, politically and economically dependent Europe. And this is not Russia at all. This is USA. No, really, I wouldn’t be surprised if in a couple of months we see some American subsidies to buy our own American gas: “you refused to buy it from Russia 300 dollars per thousand cubic meters, now you will buy it from us for 1500but so be it, we understand your situation and will sell it to you at 1200 dollars“.
The European capital market with its negative rates has already lost to the American. Now it is the turn of European industry. Once again, America doesn’t need an ally America needs a loyal servant. And the sanctions against Russia, which deal a colossal blow to the American economy, are a sure way to the position of a servant of the main world power of our time. | <urn:uuid:47d13959-9f76-4a82-9a34-e6f416eb07f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.rua.gr/2022/07/26/who-needs-a-weak-germany/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958169 | 1,198 | 1.773438 | 2 |
The Lavon Affair refers to the scandal over a failed Israeli covert operation in Egypt known as Operation Suzannah, in which U.S. and U.K. targets in Egypt were bombed and evidence left implicating the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood; a textbook example of a false flag operation.
It became known as the Lavon Affair after the Israeli defense minister Pinhas Lavon, who was forced to resign because of the incident, or cryptically as The Unfortunate Affair (Hebrew: העסק הביש HaEsek HaBish),
In the early 1950s the United States began pressuring the British to withdraw from the Suez Canal, abandoning two operative treaties, the Convention of Constantinople and the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936 that made the canal a neutral zone under British control. Israel was strongly opposed to the British withdrawal, as it feared that it would remove a moderating effect on Nasser's military ambitions, especially toward Israel, but diplomatic methods failed to sway the British. In the summer of 1954 Colonel Benyamin Gibli, the chief of Israel's military intelligence (Aman), initiated Operation Suzannah in order to reverse that decision. The goal of the Operation was to carry out bombings and other acts of sabotage in Egypt with the aim of creating an atmosphere in which the British and American opponents of British withdrawal from Egypt would be able to gain the upper hand and block the withdrawal.1
The top-secret cell, Unit 131, which was to carry out the operation had existed since 1948 and under Aman since 1950. At the time of Operation Suzannah, Unit 131 was the subject of a bitter dispute between Aman and Mossad over who should control it.
Unit 131 operatives had been recruited several years before, when the Israeli intelligence officer Avram Dar arrived in Cairo under a British cover. He had recruited several Egyptian Jews who had previously been active in illegal emigration activities and trained them for covert operations.
Aman decided to activate the network in the spring of 1954. On July 2, a post office in Alexandria was firebombed, and on July 14, the U.S. Information Agency libraries in Alexandria and Cairo, and a British-owned theater were bombed. The bombs themselves were homemade, consisting of bags containing acid placed over nitroglycerine. The bombs were inserted into books, and placed on the shelves of the libraries just before closing time. Several hours later, as the acid ate through the bags, the bombs would explode. They did little damage to the targets and caused no injuries or deaths. Egyptian authorities arrested one suspect, Robert Dassa, when his bomb accidentally ignited prematurely in his pocket. Having searched his apartment, they found incriminating evidence and names of accomplices to the operation. Several suspects were arrested, including Egyptian Jews and undercover Israelis.
The trial against those arrested lasted until January 27, 1955, when two of the accused (Moshe Marzouk and Shmuel Azar) were condemned to execution by hanging, two were acquitted, and the rest received lengthy prison terms. One suspect was tortured to death in prison, and another one had committed suicide. Israeli agent Avraham Seidenberg (Avri Elad, alias Paul Frank) had managed to escape.
The trial was criticized as a show trial, and there were credible allegations that evidence had been extracted by torture.
The imprisoned operatives were eventually freed in 1967, in a secret addendum to a POW exchange.
Soon after the affair, Mossad chief Isser Harel expressed suspicion to Aman concerning the integrity of Avri Elad. Despite his concerns, Aman continued using Elad for intelligence operations until 1956, when he was caught trying to sell Israeli documents to the Egyptians. Elad was tried and sentenced to 10 years imprisonment. In 1980, Harel publically revealed evidence that Elad had been turned by the Egyptians even before Operation Suzannah. If true, this would imply that Egyptian Intelligence was aware of the operation from the beginning
In meetings with prime minister Moshe Sharett, secretary of defense Pinhas Lavon denied any knowledge of the operation. When intelligence chief Gibli contradicted Lavon, Sharrett commissioned a board of inquiry consisting of Israeli Supreme Court Justice Isaac Olshan and the first chief of staff of the Israel Defense Forces, Yaakov Dori that was unable to find conclusive evidence that Lavon had authorized the operation. Lavon tried to fix the blame on Shimon Peres, who was the secretary general of the defense ministry, and Gibli for insubordination and criminal negligence. Sharett resolved the dilemma by siding with Peres, after which Lavon resigned. Former prime minister David Ben-Gurion succeeded Lavon as minister of defense.
In April of 1960, a review of minutes from the inquiry found inconsistencies and possibly a fraudulent document in Gibli's original testimony that seemed to support Lavon's account of events. During this time, it also came to light that Seidenberg (the Israeli agent running Operation Suzannah in Egypt), had committed perjury during the original inquiry. Seidenberg was also suspected of betraying the group to Egyptian authorities; though the charges were never proven, he was eventually sentenced to a jail term of 10 years. Ben-Gurion scheduled closed hearings with a new board of inquiry chaired by Chaim Cohen, a supreme court justice.
This inquiry found that the perjury indeed had been committed, and that Lavon had not authorized the operation. Sharett and Levi Eshkol tried to issue a statement that would placate both Lavon and those who had opposed him. Ben-Gurion refused to accept the compromise and viewed it as a divisive play within the Mapai party. After another investigative committee sided with the Cohen inquiry, Ben-Gurion resigned from his post as defense minister. This led to the expulsion of Lavon from the Histadrut labor union and an early call for new elections which changed the political structure in Israel.
It should be noted that the specifics of Operation Suzannah were not public at the time of the political upheaval.
While Israeli concerns about Nasser's military ambitions turned out to have some merit, Operation Suzannah and the Lavon Affair turned out to be disastrous for Israel in several ways:
- The Egyptian government used the trial as a pretext for a series of efforts to punish Egyptian Jews culminating in 1956 when, following the Suez Crisis, 25,000 Jews were expelled by Egypt and at least 1,000 ended up in prisons and detention camps.
- Israel lost significant standing and credibility in its relations with the United Kingdom and the United States that would take years to repair.
- The tactics of the operation led to deep-seated suspicion of Israeli intelligence methods, such as agent provocateurs and false flag operations.
- The political aftermath caused considerable political turmoil in Israel that affected the influence of its government.
- Note 1: According to historian Shabtai Teveth, who wrote one of the more detailed accounts, the assignment was "To undermine Western confidence in the existing [Egyptian] regime by generating public insecurity and actions to bring about arrests, demonstrations, and acts of revenge, while totally concealing the Israeli factor. The team was accordingly urged to avoid detection, so that suspicion would fall on the Muslim Brotherhood, the Communists, 'unspecified malcontents' or 'local nationalists'." (Ben-Gurion's Spy, Columbia University Press, 1996, p. 81)
- I. Black and B. Morris, "Israel's Secret Wars". Futura, 1992.
- S. Teveth, "Ben-Gurion's Spy". Columbia University Press, 1996.
- Ostrovsky, Victor and Hoy, Claire. By Way of Deception. St. Martin's Press, 1991. ISBN 0312926146 | <urn:uuid:41ffbb54-dc34-479e-abc7-796ef69573bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://jewwatch.com/jew-atrocities-the-lavon-affair-folder-overview.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.974722 | 1,624 | 2.421875 | 2 |
What are the 4 risk levels?
The levels are Low, Medium, High, and Extremely High. To have a low level of risk, we must have a somewhat limited probability and level of severity. Notice that a Hazard with Negligible Accident Severity is usually Low Risk, but it could become a Medium Risk if it occurs frequently.
What are some potential good risk?
The following are a few examples of positive risks.
- Economic Risk. A low unemployment rate is a good thing.
- Project Risk. Project Managers manage the risk that a project is over budget and the positive risk that it is under budget.
- Supply Chain Risk.
- Engineering Risk.
- Competitive Risk.
- Technology Risk.
What are three examples of potential impacts of risk?
6 Types of Risk Impact
- Health & Safety. Safety or health risks related to a location, lifestyle, occupation or activity.
- Quality of Life. Nations, cities, communities, organizations and individuals may base risk assessments on quality of life factors.
What are 5 potential risks?
Researchers are expected to take steps to minimize potential risks.
- Physical risks. Physical risks include physical discomfort, pain, injury, illness or disease brought about by the methods and procedures of the research.
- Psychological risks.
- Social/Economic risks.
- Loss of Confidentiality.
- Legal risks.
What is a 5×5 risk matrix?
Because a 5×5 risk matrix is just a way of calculating risk with 5 categories for likelihood, and 5 categories severity. Each risk box in the matrix represents the combination of a particular level of likelihood and consequence, and can be assigned either a numerical or descriptive risk value (the risk estimate).
Which risk can be ignored?
Low-probability/low-impact risks can often be ignored.
What are the 3 different levels of risk?
We have decided to use three distinct levels for risk: Low, Medium, and High.
What are the 3 levels of risk management?
There are three levels of operational risk management: time-critical, deliberate and strategic. These levels describe the type of operational risk management used during different stages of a project and under different conditions.
Which is an example of a potential risk?
Examples of Potential Risks to Subjects 1 Physical risks Physical risks 2 Psychological risks Psychologi 3 Social/Economic risks Social/E 4 Loss of Confidentiality In all 5 Legal risks Legal risks exist
What are the different types of risk exposures?
Catastrophic Loss Exposure and Fundamental or Systemic Pure Risk. Catastrophic risk is a concentration of strong, positively correlated risk exposures, such as many homes in the same location. A loss that is catastrophic and includes a large number of exposures in a single location is considered a nonaccidental risk.
What are the potential risks of doing research?
Potential risks fall into five broadly-defined categories. Research Compliance Services and the CPHS/IRB will weigh the potential risks of research against the potential benefits as part of the review process. Researchers are expected to take steps to minimize potential risks.
Are there any risks associated with doing business?
Some of these potential hazards can destroy a business, while others can cause serious damage that is costly and time-consuming to repair. Despite the risks implicit in doing business, CEOs and risk management officers can anticipate and prepare, regardless of the size of their business. | <urn:uuid:ad537978-772c-4be3-9d2a-7ec46cc72d4c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ulmerstudios.com/popular/what-are-the-4-risk-levels/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.919126 | 725 | 3.390625 | 3 |
More than fifty percent of women experience some form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), a condition that causes physical and emotional changes before or around the time of the menstrual period.
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) refers to physical and emotional changes that occur around the time of your menstrual period. All women occasionally feel the effect of their fluctuating hormones. However, these changes become PMS when your symptoms:
When you have PMS, your symptoms interfere with your personal life or affect your productivity at work (e.g. pain, migraine headaches, mood problems, bloating, fatigue, etc.).
Typically problems with PMS occur with symptoms such as:
Most of the time, the PMS is accompanied by problem periods, which can be heavy, prolonged, painful, or irregular. Each woman is unique, and her complaints may frequently be ignored or brushed aside, and help is not obtained.
At the Ashford Center, Drs. Clint and Rebecca Ashford specialize in addressing the issues that women face with PMS, either alone or as it is associated with problem periods.
Their practice specializes in the Advanced Endometrial Ablation procedure, which Dr. Clint Ashford helped to pioneer. This procedure was originally developed as an alternative to a hysterectomy for treatment of abnormal menstrual bleeding.
After performing over 4,000 Advanced Endometrial Ablation procedures, Dr. Ashford and his team have documented that this simple, non-invasive procedure also effectively stops PMS symptoms including menstrual migraines.
Call the experts at The Ashford Center today, or schedule a consultation online to learn more about this procedure.
Advanced Endometrial Ablation stops nearly all premenstrual headaches, including migraines. Removing the hormonally-sensitive lining of the uterus stops the degenerating endometrium from emitting the neuropeptide toxin that triggers the headaches. Once childbearing is complete, Advanced Endometrial Ablation is a safe, effective treatment option for most women.
Dr. Clint Ashford is the leading expert in the field of Advanced Endometrial Ablation, a minimally invasive procedure that ends periods permanently and effectively eliminates premenstrual headaches and migraines.
Advanced Endometrial Ablation is only suitable for women whose families are complete.
For more information, call The Ashford Center or schedule a consultation online today.
Premenstrual headaches are usually throbbing, causing a sensation of pounding and increased pain with movement. Most times there is a component of nausea also. In addition, there may be other symptoms, such as:
Some women may suffer from this type of headache each month, while others, especially those who are prone to migraines anyway, experience regular premenstrual migraine headaches.
Migraines don’t just cause intense pain in your head. They can also be the source of other symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, sensitivity to light and sound, and flashing lights or auras that affect your vision. In addition to making a woman’s life miserable, these headaches can interfere with productivity at work and can be debilitating, affecting the quality of life.
Premenstrual headaches are those that start in the days just before you begin your period. They may be typical headaches like those you would experience if you were stressed or dehydrated, but often premenstrual headaches come in the form of debilitating migraine attacks.
As many as 40% % of our patients tell us that they have at least two days of severe migraine headaches prior to their periods. All of these cyclical headaches will disappear after Advanced Endometrial Ablation!
Advanced Endometrial Ablation is a minimally invasive procedure that removes the tissues that line the inside of the uterus, the endometrium. During a painful period the endometrium is usually thickened, causing a heavy or prolonged flow. It is also the source of neuropeptide toxins that get into the bloodstream as the endometrium breaks down. In addition, the endometrium can be the cause of imbalanced hormone production during the cycle which can cause pain and other PMS symptoms. The one minimally-invasive procedure that can permanently relieve painful periods is the innovative Advanced Endometrial Ablation procedure. Dr. Clint Ashford has performed thousands of these procedures and is a leading expert in the field of endometrial ablation techniques. His trusted experience has brought patients from all over the Southeast who are searching for help with their painful and often debilitating periods.
If you suffer from painful periods, call The Ashford Center or book a consultation online today to learn if Advanced Endometrial Ablation can help you.
YES. After Dr. Clint Ashford carries out your Advanced Endometrial Ablation procedure, you will no longer have periods or many of the symptoms associated with your periods, including mood swings. Undergoing Advanced Endometrial Ablation at The Ashford Center only takes a few minutes, and it’s minimally invasive, so discomfort is minimal.
You need to be sure childbearing is complete before undergoing Advanced Endometrial Ablation, as you’ll be unable to conceive after removal of the endometrium.
To find out more about Advanced Endometrial Ablation and how it can help with your mood swings, call The Ashford Center or book a consultation online today.
If you are experiencing bloating that does not go away after your period and/or if it is severe enough to affect your daily life.
Mood swings are rapid changes in the way you feel. For example, you might feel happy and content one minute, then burst into tears; or you might feel calm and then suddenly become angry and lose your temper. Some women simply feel a steady level of anxiety, or irritability, or depression, or anger.
These changes in your emotions can be exhausting and frustrating because you never know how you’re going to feel at any given time, making it hard to manage all the activities in your day. These swings of mood may affect family life as well as productivity at work.
Fatigue is a form of extreme tiredness that causes lethargy and a slowing down of the body and mind. If you have this kind of profound fatigue, you may feel like you have no energy at all from the moment you wake until bedtime. Extra sleep doesn’t help, and trying to push through the fatigue can be impossible. You may even feel like you need to leave work early so you can go home and lie down. It’s hard to be the kind of wife and mother you’d like to be!
Have you ever heard of a man complaining of bloating? Rarely, if ever. The reason is that most of the sensation that causes women to complain of “bloating” is actually caused by a neuroactive peptide from the shedding endometrium that triggers bowel edema (swelling within the wall of the intestine).
Some women say that they even have to wear different clothes in the premenstrual time-frame or that they gain 5-10 pounds of “water weight”. Advanced Endometrial Ablation at The Ashford Center stops premenstrual bloating by gently removing the lining of the uterus, which means no more periods or bloating! If there is no endometrium to break down, then the neuropeptide toxins that are the culprit causing these troublesome symptoms are gone altogether!!
Dr. Clint Ashford is a pioneer and a leading expert in Advanced Endometrial Ablation, having performed thousands of these procedures with consistent and successful results that can be truly life-changing for women with this problem.
Advanced Endometrial Ablation is a safe and pain-free solution for women suffering from PMS symptoms such as bloating, as well as difficult, painful, or heavy periods.
For more information, call The Ashford Center or schedule online for a consultation today.
Bloating is the feeling of swelling and overdistension of the abdomen caused by excessive fluid retention in the intestinal walls. This excessive fluid retention and bloating relate to a neuroactive peptide emitted by the degenerating endometrium prior to the period.
85% of our patients never have another period. The remainder may continue to have a day or two of spotting from time to time, especially if they have fibroids.
Yes. As the lining of the uterus (endometrium) degenerates, it does release a toxin that causes many women to experience fluid retention, abdominal bloating, headache, irritability, fatigue, chocolate cravings, as well as other symptoms. The menstrual periods expels these toxins and these symptoms subside. After removal of the endometrium with the Endometrial Ablation procedure toxins are no longer released, and most women’s PMS symptoms go away for good.
You'll be glad you did!
Dr. Ashford will review your options and discuss all the aspects of endometrial ablation.
It's your life! We want what is best for you. After your consultation you will be able to make an informed decision and get a better quality of life. | <urn:uuid:3af527f8-1731-494c-910b-535cba3a811b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.drashford.com/symptoms/pms | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.934722 | 1,892 | 2.0625 | 2 |
In 2005, researchers at the University of California, San Diego, began an experiment that would last five years. One by one, they brought 164 study participants to a sleep lab at the U.C. San Diego Medical Center, a room with a sweeping view of the city and the surrounding valley. There, participants underwent polysomnography, the most comprehensive sleep test known to science. A polysomnography machine is an octopus of a medical device: It has scalp sensors to record brain-wave patterns; eye trackers to assess rapid eye movements; breathing sensors that are placed on the nose, mouth, and around the chest; a blood-oxygen sensor for the fingers; and sensors on the legs to track movement. The machine produces a chart—resembling a cross between a musical composition and a seismogram—that traces the brain and body minute by minute through the night.
The San Diego researchers planned to use the polysomnography machine to document slow-wave sleep—the phase of sleep “when it’s really hard to wake you up,” as Tomfohr describes it. Slow-wave sleep is thought to be the most restorative period of sleep, and it’s important to good health: Experiments where people are denied slow-wave sleep on purpose have shown that bodies quickly change for the worse. (One paper, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in 2007, found that study participants who were denied slow-wave sleep for three nights—researchers would sound an alarm in their ears when they entered this sleep phase—became less sensitive to insulin, a precursor to diabetes.)
But it wasn’t just slow-wave sleep in general that interested the researchers; they specifically hoped to compare how blacks and whites experienced slow-wave sleep. And what they found was disturbing. Generally, people are thought to spend 20 percent of their night in slow-wave sleep, and the study’s white participants hit this mark. Black participants, however, spent only about 15 percent of the night in slow-wave sleep.
The study was just one data point in a mounting pile of evidence that black Americans aren’t sleeping as well as whites. This past June, the journal Sleep published a study on the sleep quality of black, white, Chinese, and Hispanic adults in six cities across the United States. The participants were pooled from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), a cohort of more than 6,000 people who, for the last 15 years, have been intermittently pricked, prodded, and assessed to discover how geography and race influence health over time. (More than 950 papers have been published on this cohort. It’s from them that researchers have found evidence that the farther people live from a wealthier area, the more likely they are to develop insulin resistance—or that blacks appear to have higher levels of the substances that cause blood to clot.)
For a week, participants in the MESA study wore actigraphy bands, Fitbit-like bracelets that can estimate the amount of time a person is asleep. In a separate test, they underwent polysomnography. The results? “The insufficient amount of sleep, the short sleep duration of the African Americans really stood out,” says Susan Redline, a Harvard professor of sleep medicine and one of the study’s co-authors. “It really emphasized that African Americans, as a group, are getting the least amount of sleep compared, at least, to the three other groups.” Whites in the study slept an average of 6.85 hours; blacks slept an average of 6.05 hours.
Compared with white participants in the study, black participants—most epidemiologists prefer “black” to African American; it encompasses more people—were five times more likely to get short sleep, defined as less than six hours a night. (Hispanic participants were 1.8 times more likely to get short sleep; Chinese participants were 2.3 times more likely.) Blacks were also more likely to report feeling sleepy in the daytime, and they woke up more often in the middle of the night. “Notably,” the study reads, “these associations remained evident after adjustment for sex, age, study site, and [body mass index].”
Fifteen years ago, the intersection of sleep and race wasn’t studied much at all. Researchers in the sleep field “hadn’t really thought about this idea—by race, by economic status—that people had different amounts of sleep,” says Diane Lauderdale, an epidemiologist at the University of Chicago. In the early 2000s, Lauderdale was part of an effort that was one of the first to find racial differences in sleep using objective measurements, as opposed to self-reports. Studying a 669-person cohort in Chicago—44 percent were black; the rest were white—she and her colleagues found, on average, an hour difference between blacks’ and whites’ sleep.
What’s more, the sleep discrepancy persisted even when the researchers tried to control for economic factors: As blacks got wealthier, the gap in sleep narrowed, but did not go away entirely. “The race gap is decreased if you take into account some indicator of economics,” says Lauderdale, “but it’s not eliminated in the data that I have looked at.” Indeed, in the San Diego study, researchers also concluded that there were racial differences in sleep regardless of income. (It should be noted, however, that researchers concede their attempts to control for economic indicators are far from perfect. “We know our measures for adjusting for socioeconomic status are still somewhat limited,” says Redline. “Sometimes the variation isn’t great enough.”)
So what explains the gap? It’s an intriguing and still somewhat open-ended scientific mystery. (And one that is that gradually getting more and more attention: In July, the radio program Freakonomics dedicated a segment to documenting the discrepancy and trying to explain why it might exist.) But the black-white sleep gap isn’t just a question for science; it also has implications for the policy world. Sleep, after all, may be a key factor in a tragic spiral: It appears to be both a symptom of health problems that disproportionately affect black communities and also a cause of those same problems. Which is why it seems worth asking: Are there policy interventions that could, realistically, help to improve how black Americans sleep?
For most of human history, the question “why do we sleep” has been an absolute unknown. Before William C. Dement conducted the first overnight sleep recordings of brain activity in the early 1950s, our knowledge of sleep was “prehistoric,” he wrote in a 1998 essay, “The Study of Human Sleep: A Historical Perspective.” Prior to that point, the prevailing theory was that sleep was simply when the brain went dormant, recovering its energy to begin a new day. Sigmund Freud himself dismissed sleep’s significance. “I have had little occasion to concern myself with the problem of sleep, as this is essentially a physiological problem,” he wrote. To him, sleep was subservient to dreams, which were the mind’s way of channeling away anxieties and perversions.
In 1953, the discovery of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep set off a rush of research into what was happening inside the brain at night. Scientists found the sleeping mind wasn’t dormant at all, but engaged in a flurry of structured activity. We progress through the night in a choreographed order: from light sleep, to deep sleep, to REM, and then back again. We dream in REM—the most active phase of sleep—but the brain is busy throughout the night. In the quieter stages, the brain is still 80 percent activated, “and thus capable of robust and elaborate information-processing,” a 2005 article in the journal Nature explains. Sleep is when the brain reorganizes itself and consolidates memories; it’s essential for learning and concentration. (Multiple studies have, for instance, found that after daylight savings time begins in the spring—a day when people are likely to have their sleep disrupted—the number of traffic fatalities increases.)
While sleep is crucial for day-to-day functioning, it’s also crucial for health. As psychologists were discovering the architecture of sleep, epidemiologists were beginning to assess its impact on our bodies. “In the 1960s, there were a number of large community-based studies that sought to figure out what the real causes of death were in the community,” says Michael Grandner, the director of sleep and health research at the University of Arizona. Large-scale epidemiological projects like the Framingham heart study (begun in 1948) and the Alameda County study (begun in 1965) helped to create the maxims that dominate public health to this day—smoking kills, diet and exercise factor into heart disease, alcohol is dangerous—but hidden in all that data was another finding: In meta-analyses of these large-scale studies, “you get this u-shape for mortality,” Grandner says. Both too much sleep (longer than eight hours) and too little sleep (shorter than six hours) put people at higher odds for early death. (According to Grandner, there’s a clearer consensus around the idea that too little sleep is bad for health; the effects of too much sleep remain an open and debated question.)
In 2002, Grandner’s mentor, Daniel Kripke, a psychiatrist at the University of California, San Diego, published a report compiling data from more than 1 million men and women aged 30 to 102. “The best survival was found among those who slept seven hours per night,” the study found. Says Grandner: “This was, and still is, the largest study ever on this topic and arguably the most clear.”
To understand why scientists hypothesize that poor sleep causes poor health, we need to dive into the smallest components of the human body. It is here scientists have made the biggest leaps in connecting sleep with overall health. Over the last two decades, there has been a shift in the way scientists understand sleep, explains Allan Pack, who researches sleep and genomics at the University of Pennsylvania’s Perelman School of Medicine. “The idea was you go to sleep, the brain shuts down, something happens that’s helpful to” your brain, Pack says. Now, however, “one of the things we know is there’s not only a clock in your brain controlling the sleep-wake pattern, there are clocks in every tissue, essentially.”
Scientists have discovered “clock genes,” tiny bits of DNA that act like a biological metronome: By regularly flipping on and off, they help the body maintain its sense of time. And not only are these clocks in every tissue in every human, or in every tissue in every mammal, but they can be found in “virtually every organism on the surface of the planet,” says Michael Twery, the director of the National Institutes of Health’s National Center on Sleep Disorders Research. Cycles in activity and rest are fundamental in the architecture of life.
Messing with these cycles—essentially throwing the body’s metronome off beat—throws the whole body off beat. “When you have situations like the mistiming of sleep, or not enough sleep, you can conceivably alter clock [gene] function and then alter the expression of all these important genes that are regulating things like metabolism, or skeletal muscle function, pancreatic function,” says John Hogenesch, a chronobiologist at the University of Pennsylvania who studies clock genes in mammals. Like toxins in the food chain, the effects accumulate upward from there: Cells that have their clock genes disrupted don’t produce the right proteins, those proteins then don’t regulate tissues well, and organ systems show strain.
In the late 1990s, an invention called the microarray—a computer chip that allows researchers to study how many genes are turned on in a given cell—burst open this research. Now, scientists could watch, in near-real time, what was happening to cells in animals that had been denied sleep. They didn’t look healthy. “When you keep animals awake, you get this phenomenon called the unfolded protein response,” Pack explains. Proteins are the building blocks of the cell. If the proteins are poorly constructed, or, in science speak, unfolded—like a Lego block with a misshapen connector—they won’t work. “Then you either have got to destroy them or what happens is they aggregate into lumps,” Pack says. “And you get these protein aggregates, which are very toxic to the cell.”
How those disruptions in the cell come to affect entire organ systems isn’t entirely understood. But evidence from molecular biology, epidemiology, and psychology points to the idea that poor sleep is a risk factor for heart disease, diabetes, and obesity—which are all ailments that disproportionately affect black communities. In America, blacks are 33 percent more likely to die from heart disease than the population at large, 1.7 times more likely to have diabetes, and 1.5 times more likely to be obese. For every 100,000 blacks, it’s estimated that heart disease takes away 1,691.1 years of potential life in a given year. For whites, that figure is 900.9 years.
Overall, if we factor out deaths caused by aging, the mortality rate for black men—from all causes—in the United States is 1,104 per 100,000, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. For white men, the mortality rate is 878.5 deaths per 100,000. For white women, that figure is 630.8 per 100,000; for black women, it’s 752.5. Could sleep explain part of the difference between blacks and whites?
The best scientists are always skeptical, and the sleep researchers I spoke to were no exception. “It’s plausible to suggest racial differences in sleep, whatever the cause, might potentially be one, maybe a small piece,” Grandner says. “It’s probably not explaining the whole thing or a large fraction of it, but could be playing a role in some of these health disparities.”
One thing, however, is certain: Sleep disparities do exist. “I think we can say there’s a great deal of evidence that there are race differences,” Lauderdale says. And given the link between sleep and well-being, it seems clear that those differences are worth taking seriously as a matter of public health.
On the question of how to explain the black-white sleep gap itself, researchers have a number of related theories. (There is a consensus that innate biological differences between blacks and whites are not a factor.) The stress caused by discrimination is one strong possibility. In the San Diego sleep study, Tomfohr’s team knew, going in, that slow-wave sleep is very sensitive to stress—which is, in turn, our body’s signal to remain vigilant against perceived threats, including discrimination. “That was our thought: If people are feeling really discriminated against, then of course they are not going to want to get into a really deep stage of sleep,” she says.
After the participants’ stays in the San Diego lab, researchers had them take a survey, designed to assess the level of discrimination they felt on any given day. (Participants were asked to agree or disagree with statements, including “In my life, I have experienced prejudice because of my ethnicity” and “My ethnic group is often criticized in this country.”) Armed with this information, Tomfohr and her colleagues could then determine a correlation between discrimination and sleep. And it turned out that there was, in fact, a correlation: More discrimination meant less slow-wave sleep. “If you can take out that discrimination piece, the average African American and the average Caucasian look at lot more similar,” she says. “It’s not perfect, but in terms of sleep, a lot of the disparity goes away.”
Danielle L. Beatty Moody, a psychologist at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County, conducted a similar test while working as a post-doctoral scholar in the psychiatry department of the University of Pittsburgh in the late 2000s. People who are discriminated against, she believes, carry worry throughout the day. And that worry literally keeps them up at night. “It’s uncomfortable for them to sleep because they are thinking back over mistreatment, thinking back over maltreatment, thinking back over bias they experienced,” she says. “In thinking about those experiences, they are getting more aroused, more cognitive arousal, which does the opposite of what you need it to do to go to sleep.”
Lauren Hale, a professor of preventive medicine at Stony Brook University and the founding editor in chief of the journal Sleep Health, makes a similar but slightly different point: She argues that sleep is a reflection of a person’s agency. The more control you have over your life—the more freedom you have financially, the more freedom you have to live where you choose, the more control you have over what you eat and when you eat it, the more you have the luxury of possessing the time and equipment to exercise—the more likely you are able to create an environment that fosters good sleep. “[S]keptics cannot argue that people with poor sleep habits simply ‘choose’ to sleep poorly,” Hale and a co-author wrote in 2010. “Sleep should be viewed as a consequence of something other than choice.”
Neighborhoods also appear to matter when it comes to sleep health. “I have never seen a study that hasn’t shown a direct association between neighborhood quality and sleep quality,” Hale tells me. “Those two are linked.” And black families are more likely to live in poorer neighborhoods, even if they are middle-income. (“Even among white and black families with similar incomes, white families are much more likely to live in good neighborhoods—with high-quality schools, day-care options, parks, playgrounds and transportation options,” wrote David Leonhardt recently in The New York Times, summarizing the results of a Stanford study by Sean Reardon.)
Feelings of safety are key here. Hale theorizes that—as with discrimination—noisy, unsafe, disorderly neighborhoods increase stress and the need for vigilance. “If you know somebody in your neighborhood who has had a break-in, you might feel pretty uncomfortable shutting your eyes falling asleep while your two or three children are sleeping in the room next door and no one else is there to protect them,” she says. “And that type of insecurity, whether it’s financial or physical safety, is more common among people who don’t have control over their environment, because if you did have control over your environment, you’d say, ‘I’m getting out of here.’”
Hale has been involved in several studies that compare levels of disorder in a neighborhood—as measured by cleanliness, crime, presence of graffiti, and so on—with sleep and health. Overall, she finds, poor sleep can explain 20 percent of the difference between the good health found in rich neighborhoods and the bad health found in poor ones. “Based on these results, targeted interventions designed to promote sleep quality in disadvantaged neighborhoods (e.g., community-based sleep promotion and noise-level ordinances) could help to improve the physical health of residents in the short-term,” Hale writes in one of her co-authored papers in the journal Preventive Medicine. And while “community-based sleep promotion” may sound like an impossibly vague intervention, there are, in fact, programs underway that show how it might be done.
Some of the more practical research aimed at helping black Americans to sleep better is being conducted by Girardin Jean-Louis, a charismatic Haitian-born psychologist who runs a lab dedicated to sleep and health disparities at New York University’s Center for Healthful Behavior Change. When I first started reporting on this topic, Jean-Louis’s name was brought up in just about every conversation. “What I think is innovative about what Dr. Jean-Louis is doing is that he goes into the community and finds out from the stakeholders what we need to do and works with them,” says Kristen Knutson, a biomedical anthropologist at the University of Chicago who has been studying the link between sleep and health outcomes.
It’s 84 degrees and rising on a Saturday in August when I go to see Jean-Louis’s work in action. In the St. Albans community of Jamaica, Queens, Azizi Seixas—a member of Jean-Louis’s team—takes the stage outside Christ Church International. Congregants and community members sit under tents in the closed-off street adjacent to the church, which, despite its coral-pink bricks, is as nondescript and industrial as the self-storage facility next door.
Today is the church’s annual health fair. Six tents line the street. At one, passersby can get their blood pressure or blood-sugar levels taken (though I don’t see any who do). Another station is giving away free reflexology foot massages (much more popular).
Seixas is here to recruit participants for a yearlong study that Jean-Louis’s lab is conducting. St. Albans—a working- to middle-class community that is almost entirely black—isn’t the poorest neighborhood in the city, but it suffers from the same stressors as many other minority areas: people working multiple jobs at odd hours; people struggling to pay for mortgages while taking care of their families. “People have two or three jobs—they don’t get enough sleep,” the nurse manning the blood-pressure station tells me. “You come in [from one job], you get five or six minutes sleep—or maybe two hours of sleep—then you have to go out to another job. They don’t realize. They just think, ‘Oh, I’m tired.’ They don’t realize they’re developing a problem that’s greater than being just tired.”
Thirty percent of adult residents in the greater Jamaica area are obese. The death rate from diabetes in Jamaica is higher than in both Queens and New York City as a whole. Jamaica also has one of the highest rates of heart-attack hospitalizations in the city. “When you don’t sleep well, guess what happens?” Seixas asks the crowd from the stage. “Over time, that builds up, and it builds up, and it builds up, and what we have found is that many of the times, the hypertension—the high blood pressure—the diabetes, all those health conditions are associated. They have something to do with sleep.”
Seixas directs those assembled to a station that NYU has set up for free sleep screenings. They’ll ask for history of snoring, insomnia, and daytime sleepiness. Their specific target is to identify people at risk for obstructive sleep apnea, a potentially deadly disorder where a person intermittently stops breathing during sleep. These cessations, called apneas, can occur hundreds of times in a night, and each generally lasts 10 to 30 seconds.
People with sleep apnea get truly awful sleep. Essentially, it’s a condition that maximizes all of the health problems related to short sleep duration. Like short sleepers, people with sleep apnea are at higher risk for high blood pressure, diabetes, and weight gain. “We take some of these people with hypertension, and we give them antihypertensive medications. Often times, what we find is there is a subset of people, primarily blacks, where they don’t respond to the hypertensive medication,” Seixas tells me. “What we found in our studies is that a lot of these people have undetected, untreated sleep disorders, particularly sleep apnea.”
As with sleep problems more generally, there is a racial disparity when it comes to sleep apnea. “Not only does it seem like they’re more likely to have the disorder, they’re less likely to make it to a doctor to have treatment prescribed, and even if they get treatment prescribed, they’re less adherent and don’t use it as much,” Knutson says. “So, all across, from step A to step Z of getting treated, there are disparities.” In the June Sleep report, 12.8 percent of blacks in the cohort had sleep apnea; 7.4 percent of whites did. An overview paper in the 2015 Annual Review of Public Health cites 14 percent of blacks as having the condition—the figures for whites are around half that—and also states that sleep apnea is four to six times as prevalent in black children. (It’s hard to say how prevalent sleep apnea is—among blacks, whites, or in the overall population—because apneas are usually so short that people don’t remember waking up from them.)
Apnea is just one aspect of Jean-Louis’s work on sleep. One unit of his lab is looking into the noise levels of different New York neighborhoods and then determining their impacts on sleep and blood pressure. In another program, the lab is restricting one hour of sleep in a group of adults for 12 weeks to see how the change affects their bodies. They also have an NIH-funded program designing a website for sleep-health education. When I visit their offices a few days after the health fair, the team—a diverse collection of academics in their 20s and 30s—is debating whether a stock image of a black man sleeping next to a bowl of food is appropriate for the education website.
Until 2000, Jean-Louis was focused on lab-based work at the University of California, San Diego, researching under Daniel Kripke. But he found that the controlled, sterile environment wasn’t satisfying. “You have got to be in the community where you are actually touching people’s lives,” he says. “To me, this is more rewarding.”
While Jean-Louis was in San Diego, evidence was mounting that not only were blacks not getting good sleep but they were more at risk for sleep disorders. San Diego is only about 5 percent black—a figure not conducive to research on race—so Jean-Louis took a position at SUNY Downstate College of Medicine in Brooklyn, a place where he just had to step outside to be immersed in the black community. He and his childhood friend and frequent collaborator Ferdinand Zizi—a sleep-health researcher as well—would go to churches, barber shops, beauty salons, and community centers to recruit people for focus groups and find out what was holding their sleep health back.
What they found was a community unfamiliar with sleep health and hesitant to undergo lab tests. One of their studies tracked 421 black patients who were referred to get tested for sleep apnea. Just 38 percent showed up to get a diagnosis (even though all were called by the doctor to remind them of their appointments). Of those 38 percent, nearly all received a positive diagnosis. Many of those referred for sleep tests were obese, hypertensive, and had high cholesterol. Missing out on sleep treatments meant they were missing out on an opportunity to manage those conditions as well.
Jean-Louis joined NYU in 2013. In his current study—which is being funded by the NIH at a cost of $423,750—he and his colleagues are trying to figure out whether simple interventions could better diagnose and treat minorities for sleep apnea. (For the first year, the study was only for blacks; now it has been opened up to all minorities.) Hence the team’s visit to places like Christ Church International. “Girardin’s studies are pioneering,” says Twery of the NIH, “in the sense he is doing community-based research to understand the cultural basis of the problem and how to improve the health of these communities.”
At the health fair, if community members are identified as being at risk for sleep apnea, they’re invited to join the study. Once in the study, they are first assigned a peer health educator. This person, who usually lives in the same community, guides the participants through the process of getting a diagnosis and then helps them adhere to treatments.
“People like stories. They like you to engage them,” Jean-Louis says. “So you might find the first five to ten minutes, you’re just talking about their lives.” He believes this is the key aspect of the intervention. The idea is to be sensitive to any wariness patients may have of medical institutions and not to blame them for lacking knowledge. In his papers, he calls this approach culturally tailored education. “When people feel you value them, you value their time, they’ll do it. But you just can’t show up with a clipboard and asking questions,” he explains.
The health educators—who have six weeks of training—remain in contact with the participants for a year, acting as health coaches and guiding them toward treatment goals. “Until people are able to understand what sleep apnea is about, they’re going to be resistant,” Lystra Harry, one of the educators, tells me. “Whatever decision they choose to make, we respect it.” Not everyone will get a diagnosis, but everyone will be educated in sleep health, which could help alleviate problems of short sleep as well.
Jean-Louis says he has preliminary data that shows this approach is working. People who receive culturally tailored sleep education are, he says, four times more likely to make an appointment for a follow-up exam. “And once they are in, they will actually stay in,” he says.
For privacy reasons, the NYU team wouldn’t put me in touch with any participants in the study. But the lead peer health educator introduced me to her sister, Kimberly Turner, a 55-year-old African American resident of Canarsie, Brooklyn, who had been diagnosed with sleep apnea. Before she was diagnosed, she told me, she felt like she was in the Twilight Zone. Time seemed to disappear. A coworker sitting next to her would suddenly vanish. She’d stop at a red light and then, an instant later, car horns would be blaring at her. She would wonder: “Did that really happen?” She hadn’t realized she was falling asleep during the day. “You start to question everything,” she says.
Turner was tired all the time. She woke up with terrible headaches. All the clues pointing toward apnea were there, but she didn’t realize something might be wrong with her breathing during sleep until her husband told her. “He just literally said that I stopped breathing, and I was like, ‘You’re kidding me, I don’t stop breathing.’ I had never really heard of it at that point.”
On the advice of her doctor, she was referred for an overnight polysomnography sleep study. It took some convincing (“You have to sleep in this unknown place the whole night, and I didn’t want to do it”), but she eventually agreed. Two minutes into Turner’s sleep study it had to be stopped. “I stopped breathing too many times,” she says.
After being diagnosed, Turner was prescribed a CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) mask to wear at night. It’s cumbersome and “a mood killer,” she says, but it keeps her airways open. Since treatment, her life has turned around. She’s more alert. Her headaches are gone.
The theory guiding Jean-Louis’s work is that sleep disorders like Turner’s are a significant contributor to racial health gaps in this country—and if we could treat all those cases, there would be a meaningful reduction in health disparities. “Untreated sleep apnea leads to cardiovascular disease if not death,” Jean-Louis says. “There are many times we go, we give talks in churches, and we hear stories of people who died, and we always say to ourselves, ‘You know, I think that was untreated sleep apnea.’ We can’t have a 35-year-old African American male go to bed and not wake up the next day. That doesn’t make any sense.”
Sleep apnea is the most extreme manifestation of the sleeping problems that disproportionately affect black Americans. But focusing on community-based health education—as Jean-Louis is doing—may help not just with sleep apnea but with other sleeping problems, too. And if his interventions work, they could be scaled up.
Indeed, whether it’s through community health fairs or schools, sleep education probably needs to become more widespread. “What really brings me hope is that in a conversation with new parents or a conversation with middle-school students and their teachers, you can have a tremendous impact,” says Orfeu Buxton, a sleep-medicine researcher with appointments at Harvard and Penn State who occasionally gives talks at schools. The benefits of good sleep aren’t hard to market. “You talk about being happy, looking better, being healthier, all these different things, and I don’t know which one is going to hit for which person, but once you give the explanation of how big an impact sleep has on absolutely everything, younger people are turning the corner, I think.”
For kids, Buxton thinks that having schools start later would encourage healthy sleep habits at an early age. For adults, workplaces can also adjust: Buxton and colleagues at Harvard have found that in nursing homes where managers were more supportive of work-life balance, employees were more likely to get more sleep.
Both state governments and Washington could play a role by encouraging employers to adopt company wellness programs that reward good sleep. (Most critically, these programs should seek to reach shift workers who live in an almost constant state of jet lag.) In fact, at every level of government, there are policy decisions—whether on neighborhood noise levels or public safety or the placement of public housing—that provide good opportunities to consider, and perhaps improve, how people sleep.
One point of optimism is that this subject, though relatively new, is being well-supported by the NIH. The majority of the studies cited in this article received some funding from the NIH, which has identified decreasing health disparities as a research priority. Since 1993, according to Twery, there have been more than 10,000 NIH-funded sleep research projects published.
Ultimately, sleep may offer researchers a way to attack seemingly even more intractable health problems—including those that disproportionately affect black Americans. “Not only might sleep be a potential causal factor in health disparities making things worse, it might be a potential place to help the situation,” Grandner says. “If you take someone who is not getting enough sleep, and you increase their sleep, can that prevent some of these things”—obesity, diabetes, heart disease—“over time? That’s still an open question.”
Tomfohr also sees some cause for optimism. “I don’t think this is totally fatalistic,” she says. “My hope is that this is addressable from multiple levels—that we can identify people who are at risk for sleeping poorly, and then we can do good interventions to help them sleep better, so this isn’t a sentence towards getting cardiovascular disease, or getting sick, or getting diabetes. I have a hopeful feeling about this.” | <urn:uuid:8a33e59e-2e8c-4359-a6c2-41251499c1ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/10/the-sleep-gap-and-racial-inequality/412405/?utm_source=SFFB | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968629 | 7,638 | 3.09375 | 3 |
A religion is a system of beliefs held by a team of individuals. These ideas are a reflection of their worldview as well as what they get out of their behavior. Every faith is special, and also the collection of ideas and activities differs substantially. Some religious systems connect their belief in a mythological being to a course of spirituality, while others concentrate primarily on earthly issues. Whatever the religion, the research study of religion is a crucial and also essential facet of human culture. imp source
The term “faith” is a broad, descriptive term. While the principle of religion is extensively understood to include the practice of a set of values or methods, an extra details summary could much more quickly identify a faith as a group or development. In 1871, Edward Burnett Tylor specified faith as the belief in spiritual beings, regardless of location. Although Tylor’s meaning is really wide, it identifies the existence of such beliefs in all societies.
A common meaning of faith includes various methods. Rituals, sermons, and also the veneration of deities are all part of a religion. Various other practices might include events, initiations, funerary services, and also matrimonial routines. Other tasks connected with religious beliefs may consist of reflection, art, as well as public service. Males are most likely to be spiritual than females. Furthermore, people may be spiritual in more than one way. There are various types of religion and different cultures, as well as it is usually complicated to try to specify what a religious beliefs actually is.
Religious beliefs is a complex sensation. The various types and ranges of it vary substantially. There are lots of ways that religions are expressed. Some are based on the belief in a single god. Those who count on monotheism think that there is only one God. Other kinds of religious beliefs utilize several gods or sirens. In both situations, there is an intermediary in between the gods and the tribe participants. A witch doctor can carry out ceremonies and routines to help the sick or heal their discomfort.
Most religions share the exact same basic characteristics. They all share a typical concept of redemption, a priesthood, spiritual items, and a code of moral behavior. While many of them are various, they all share some usual characteristics. As an example, they all have a defining myth and also have sacred places. One of the most vital thing to keep in mind is that these religions are not monolithic. While they might have resemblances, they do not have the exact same core idea or ideas.
While there are lots of forms of religion, the best-known is the Catholic Church. In a Christian church, the clergyman is a figure of praise. In a Catholic church, the clergyman is a commissioned member of the clergy. A medicine man is a person who counts on a religious deity. In a non-Christian context, the priest is a figure that believes in a divine being. In a nonreligious society, there are numerous kinds of religious beliefs.
In the last century, the research study of religious beliefs has actually been greatly concentrated on the connection in between people and also the spiritual and also divine points they respect. The 5 largest spiritual teams stand for concerning 5.8 billion people and their followers. Each of them has its own beliefs and also methods. Several of these beliefs are a lot more sensible than others, while others are a lot more rooted in tradition. The research of religion is an intricate procedure, but it can be assessed by anybody.
One of the most vital part of a faith is its idea in a god. Among the different sorts of religions, Christianity is one of the most typical. It is thought that God can help us in our lives. It can make us pleased or depressing. As an example, a male can aid a lady with her child with her magic. The role of a medicine man in a religious culture is essential to the health of the tribe.
There are numerous kinds of faiths. However, there are numerous typical traits among every one of them. For instance, faiths all share a common principle of redemption. Additionally, they normally include sacred places and objects, routines, and codes of moral habits. They also include a priesthood to lead their followers. Historically, some religious beliefs have been led by a divine being, while others have numerous gods. Consequently, their faith is an idea in a divine being. | <urn:uuid:3634ae8d-48d6-4956-9e4c-d75bcfdc7753> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://jaredfosterfilms.com/2021/12/17/5-little-techniques-to-attain-the-very-best-results-in-religious-beliefs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970915 | 892 | 3.375 | 3 |
Welsh broadcaster S4C has ordered a new live-action drama called Bex from local prodco Ceidiog, and it’s all about helping tweens and teens deal with mental health challenges.
Mental health became part of the elementary school curriculum in Wales this year, and this eight x 25-minute series follows along as a kind-hearted stranger teaches coping skills to kids who are experiencing things like grief, anxiety, phobias and OCD. Bex premiered on March 22 in the timeslot following S4C’s Stwnsh programming block for tween/teen viewers and their families.
Young Audiences Content Fund contributed 50% to the financing of the series. Ceidiog secured funding from the Welsh government to create Bex-branded educational resources, such as webinars for teachers and a podcast featuring kids talking about their experiences.
Tackling serious emotional topics with families has become something of a mission at S4C during the pandemic. In 2020, the broadcaster (along with BBC Alba in the UK and Ireland’s TG4) ordered Paper Owl Films’ 2D-animated short film Sol (28 minutes), whose story about a child’s journey to find the light missing from the world touches on themes around overcoming grief and loss. And last year, it picked up Paper Owl’s preschool series Happy (26 x seven minutes), featuring a hedgehog who has good and bad days and isn’t always happy. Both of those properties were also funded, in part, by the Young Audience Content Fund. | <urn:uuid:fde30bb4-1bf8-4bcb-be96-2755eb7b1ac9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kidscreen.com/2022/03/23/s4c-addresses-mental-health-in-new-kids-series/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952291 | 326 | 1.875 | 2 |
Bombora Wave Power is entering the final test and assembly phase of the ground-breaking 1.5MW Pembrokeshire Demonstration Project, as it prepares to validate the world’s most powerful Wave Energy Converter.
Rigorous testing of the key sub-systems is currently underway as the ocean energy specialist prepares to deliver the £20million project, financially supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) via the Welsh Government.
The cell modules, a key element of the firm’s iconic ‘membrane-based’ WEC system, mWave™, are now being operated through their final round of design limit testing, before being fitted into the steel foundation structure in Pembroke Dock.
The 900 tonne 1.5MW mWave is 75 metres long, 15 metres wide and 6 metres high. mWave cell modules can be configured to suit either fixed-bed nearshore foundation systems or floating offshore ocean environments.
Bombora Managing Director Sam Leighton said:
“The Pembrokeshire Demonstration Project aims to provide a blueprint for future multi-megawatt wave energy projects. It will play a crucial role proving both the reliability and competitiveness of our novel mWave technology. Importantly, it will also deliver key optimisation data to inform Bombora’s other world-leading initiatives including the InSPIRE Project, which is under development with global EPC contractor, TechnipFMC. This project aims to unlock the enormous potential of hybrid floating wind and wave arrays, which could play a significant role in the future energy transition – delivering a more consistent and stable clean energy supply by combining complementary power profiles.
The Pembrokeshire Demonstration Project will catapult the South Wales region to the forefront of the global wave energy race, with plans to establish a sustainable industry engaging local supply chain partners and creating highly skilled employment opportunities.” | <urn:uuid:ea6db47b-1f63-4726-9617-2229d574f383> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.marineenergywales.co.uk/final-test-phase-for-bombora-wave/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.893842 | 395 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Whether you’re considering a full exterior update or just freshening up your home’s curb appeal, there are simple and inexpensive solutions that deliver rewarding impact.Here’s how
The do's and don’ts of home safety
Dated: March 18 2022
The best defense against a home emergency is prevention. To ensure your family is taking preventative measures and practicing whole home safety, everyone should know these six do’s and don’ts of fire safety.
Don’t forget about carbon monoxide.
Throughout the colder months, the risk of CO poisoning increases dramatically. The invisible, odourless gas is produced by fuel-burning devices such as stoves, generators and fireplaces, and can only be detected with a dedicated alarm. Have your appliances professionally inspected every year and install CO alarms in your home.
Do install smoke and CO alarms in your home.
For the best protection, install smoke alarms on each level of your home, including the basement, and in every bedroom. Install CO alarms on every level and near all sleeping areas. Remember that alarms don’t last forever, so replace outdated units. If you can’t remember the last time you installed an alarm, chances are, it's time to replace it. Alarms are on duty 24/7 and need to be replaced at least every 10 years.
Don’t forget to check your alarms regularly.
Once your smoke and CO alarms are installed, test them regularly and change the batteries at least every six months. For convenient protection, upgrade to First Alert 10-year smoke and carbon monoxide alarms, which eliminate battery replacements and late-night battery chirps for a decade.
Do keep a fire extinguisher on hand.
Beyond alarms, having fire extinguishers — and knowing how to use them — is an important part of maintaining a safe home for you and your family. Place fire extinguishers on every level and in high-risk rooms such as the kitchen and garage.
Don’t leave food unattended when cooking.
The National Fire Protection Association reports that unattended cooking is the number one cause of home fires. Whether you are using the stovetop or oven, be sure to always remain in the kitchen. Clear the area around your stovetop of fire hazards, including items that can catch fire such as paper towels or dish towels.
Do have an emergency escape plan.
Develop a plan and practice it with the entire family twice a year. Walk through your home as a family and identify two exits out of each room, including windows and doors. Your family should also pick a designated meeting spot a safe distance away from the house. Once outside, stay outside, dial 911 and wait for emergency responders to arrive.
Learn more about home safety at firstalert.ca.
Experienced at the highest level of client service. For more than a decade, I lived and worked aboard the world’s most exclusive superyachts, catering to the particular needs of the incredibly w.... | <urn:uuid:a317eec9-58a4-4e2a-8ecd-d91c45c8dbfd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.susandolan.ca/blog/107045/The+Do%27s+And+Don%E2%80%99ts+Of+Home+Safety | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.933117 | 628 | 1.859375 | 2 |
The EESC will award up to five climate projects that showcase civil society's invaluable contribution to achieving climate neutrality
The European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) has opened applications for its Civil Society Prize 2021. Choosing climate action as the theme of its prize, the EESC will select the winners from creative and innovative initiatives which aim to promote a just transition towards a low-carbon and climate-resilient economy.
Applications can be submitted by all civil society organisations officially registered within the European Union and acting at local, regional, national or European level. The prize is also open to individuals who reside in the EU. Eligible initiatives and projects have to be carried out in the EU.
The deadline for entries is 10 a.m. (Brussels time) on 30 June 2021.
The projects must have already been implemented or still be ongoing. Those which are planned but which have not begun implementation by 30 June 2021 will be excluded.
A total of EUR 50 000 will be awarded to a maximum of five winners. The award ceremony is likely to take place during the EESC plenary session on 8 – 9 December 2021 in Brussels, depending on the health situation.
MORE ABOUT THE THEME OF THIS YEAR'S PRIZE
As the first EU institution to have given the floor to Greta Thunberg in the early days of the
Fridays for Future global climate strike movement, the EESC has always been a fervent advocate of bottom up climate action.
As such, it has always emphasised the importance of grassroots organisations and individuals in making the transition to climate neutrality a reality. They play a critical role in helping to bring about a shift in norms and behaviours, making local economies greener or driving the transition to net-zero emission societies at the local or regional level.
Through its work, the EESC has repeatedly stressed that the success of the European Green Deal – under which the EU has pledged to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 – depends on action and commitment by all actors. One of the key initiatives of the Green Deal – the European Climate Pact – must focus on encouraging people to become part of the solution rather than the problem, empowering them to change the systems that led us to the brink of the climate crisis.
The EESC also attaches special importance to engaging young people in climate action. In March this year, its yearly trademark event
Your Europe Your Say!, which brings together high school students from all EU Member States and EU candidate countries, modelled an international climate change conference (COP) and played host to many prominent climate activists.
By dedicating its flagship prize to this all-important topic, the EESC wants to honour and showcase the non-state climate efforts made so far. It also aims to encourage ongoing projects and inspire new ones, thus highlighting the contribution that civil society organisations and individuals can make to the European Green Deal.
The Civil Society Prize 2021 will be awarded to outstanding projects and initiatives covering at least one of the following issues:
- Promoting full involvement and/or acceptance of civil society in the transition to a climate neutral society;
- Promoting citizens' participation in the climate debate;
- Designing/implementing projects that inspire and promote a transition to climate-friendly lifestyles for individuals in their local environments and places of work, including by employers or workers' organisations;
- Promoting climate awareness among consumers or encouraging behavioural change and change in social norms in the context of climate crisis;
- Designing/implementing projects that advocate active climate policies at local/regional/national or European level;
- Promoting climate justice in a broad sense with consideration for human rights and social responsibility of enterprises; encouraging climate awareness among wider, more diversified and/or disadvantaged/marginalised audiences; ensuring that no groups of society are left behind in the transition to a climate-neutral economy and society;
- Promoting climate education at schools of all levels; designing/implementing projects that raise awareness on climate change and solutions to it among children and young people;
- Raising awareness about impacts of climate change and promoting actions that aim to increase resilience and adaptation to climate change;
- Promoting civil society involvement in the implementation of climate policies at local/regional/national or European;
- Fostering active citizenship and empowerment though involvement in projects that promote a just transition and creating new civic interactions leading to a climate neutral economy;
- Promoting active youth engagement in proposing and implementing climate solutions, as well as empowering young people to get involved in the decision-making processes on climate and environment policies at local/regional/national or European level.
Literary or scientific publications of any kind and on any support, audiovisual products and any kind of artworks are not eligible for the prize.
The full description of requirements and the online application form are available on our webpage: http://www.eesc.europa.eu/civilsocietyprize/
ABOUT THE CIVIL SOCIETY PRIZE
In 2021, the EESC will award its 12th Civil Society Prize. Every year, dedicated to a different theme of special relevance to the EU, the prize rewards and encourages initiatives and achievements by civil society organisations and/or individuals that have made a significant contribution to promoting the common values that bolster European cohesion and integration.
In 2020, the EESC replaced its Civil Society Prize with a one-off Civil Solidarity Prize which was dedicated to the fight against COVID-19. With that award, the EESC paid tribute to 23 civil society organisations, individuals and private companies from across the EU who had shown exceptional solidarity and civic responsibility in battling the pandemic and cushioning its terrible blows. In 2019, the Civil Society Prize celebrated gender equality and women's empowerment.
We kindly invite you to encourage civil society organisations in your country or in your network to apply for the EESC Civil Society Prize 2021 and thus help valuable projects win recognition. | <urn:uuid:534a00d9-b7f7-4d3e-9cdd-3a86f4d3190d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eesc.europa.eu/en/news-media/press-releases/eesc-launches-civil-society-prize-2021-climate-action | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.929002 | 1,232 | 1.71875 | 2 |
North Korea conducted missile tests on Saturday.
France condemns these missile launches and calls on North Korea to refrain from any further provocation, as the UN Security Council has requested it to do so.
It urges North Korea to resume dialogue with the United States on denuclearization as swiftly as possible and to rapidly engage in a process to ensure the complete, verifiable, and irreversible dismantlement of its programs to develop weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missiles of any range as well as related programs, in accordance with the UN Security Council resolutions. This is the prerequisite for lasting peace in the region.
Until this goal is achieved, the UN Security Council sanctions must be fully and effectively implemented. This is a key point with respect to convincing North Korea to give up its illegal activities, which jeopardize international security and the non-proliferation regime. The international community’s unity remains critical. | <urn:uuid:57d0267f-a786-4a07-9dcf-f3cf2f376c36> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/north-korea/events/article/north-korea-missile-launches-04-05-19?page_courante=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.938324 | 179 | 1.835938 | 2 |
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