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Plant Sciences and Agrotechnology Division (PSA)
Due to the diverse range of geographic and climatic conditions, the Union Territory of Jammu and and Kashmir and the UT of Ladakh is rich storehouse of medicinal, aromatic and other economic plants. For their environmental interactions, this unique flora produce an array of small organic molecules with diverse structures known as secondary metabolites. Many of these natural products display interesting pharmacological activities and therefore find use as phytomedicines and nutraceuticals. The Plant Sciences division is carrying out research studies of basic and applied value on these medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) by using tools of different disciplines of biology including taxonomy, genetics, ecology, ethonobotany, biochemistry, physiology, molecular biology and computational biology. The division has a unique amalgamation of expertise of diverse areas of plant and agricultural sciences. The department has a rich history of conservation of genetic resources from different ecological regions, and development of elite germplasm through conventional and modern biotechnological approaches. Some of the developed varieties of MAPs are grown widely throughout different parts of the country yielding economic returns.
- To become a centre of excellence for carrying out cutting edge research of basic and applied value on medicinal and aromatic plants.
- Potentiating the rural bio-economy by technological interventions in medicinal and aromatic plant sector.
- Eco-geographical bioresource documentation of Western Himalayan flora
- In situ and Ex situ conservation of selected MAPs
- Promoting cultivation of MAPs for enhancing rural bio-economy.
- Development of elite germplasm using conventional and biotechnological means.
- Pathway elucidation for modulation of secondary metabolite content.
- Finding the role of secondary metabolites in environmental interactions using physiological, biochemical, molecular and chemical ecology approaches.
- Climate change studies for future resilient plants.
- Surveys, mapping, identification and collection of floral and benthic communities.
- Resourcing of quality raw materials (plants) for natural products and other bioactive molecules.
- Development of agro technologies for extension of high value medicinal and aromatic plants in different agro-climatic zones.
- Breeding strategies for development of new high yielding varieties of MAPs.
- Farm planning and Management
- Taxonomic identification and validation of plants and crude drugs.
- In situ and Ex situ conservation strategies for endangered plants.
- In vitro micropropagation and other techniques of plant tissue culture.
- Plant physiology tools for plant functioning.
- Molecular biology tools like cloning (conventional cloning, Gateway Cloning, Golden Gate assembly), plant expression construct preparation, homologous and heteologous expression of genes in plants, recombinant protein expression in plants and microbes, enzyme activity assays, over-expression and suppression of genes in plants, genome editing, genetic transformation of model systems (Arabidopsisand N. tabacum).
- Tools of bioinformatics and computational biology such as analysis of next-generation sequencing data of transcriptome and genome, gene network analysis and ecological modeling
- Soil science and agricultural chemistry
- Janaki Ammal Herbariumhouses more than 24200 specimens representing 3265 species. This facility is used by scientists from academia, research scholars & herbal drug Industry as a ready reference for the authentication of plants. It is recognized internationally and is registered in Index herbarium at New York, U.S.A under the acronym RRLH.
- Herbal Drug Repository contains more than 4200 crude drug samples of authenticated parts of the plants, used in Indian traditional system of medicine. This referral facility is accessible to pharmaceutical industry, traders, medicinal practitioners, natural product chemists, students and academics and provides ready material for laboratory scale experiments.
- Kisan Training Centre: The main aims of this centre is to imparting technical knowhow and training for farmers/growers/ entrepreneurers. The Institute organizes both institutional and peripatetic training programmes..
- Experimental farm: CSIR–IIIM Jammu has 50 acres well managed experimental farm of Medicinal and Aromatic plants situated at Chatha which was established in the year 1956 by Col. Sir. R. N. Chopra
- Modern well equipped for conducting research on different aspects of plants.
- Plant tissue culture facility
- Glass houses, poly house and net houses
- Walk-in Plant growth chamber for growing plants in controlled environment
Dr. Suphla Gupta
Dr. Sumeet Gairola
Dr. Prashant Misra
Dr. Srinivas Kota
|Mr. Chandra Pal Singh||Technical Officer|
|Mr. Yadunandan Sen||Technical Assistant|
|Mr. Madan Lal||Technician|
|Ms. Shabnam Khan||Technician|
|Ms. Kiran Koul||Technician|
Multitasking/ Farm Staff
Sewa Ram, MTS
Sodagar Lal, MTS
Ashok Kumar, Lab. Adtt.
Bachan Lal, MTS
Nagar Lal, Lab. Adtt.
Sodagar Lal, MTS
Kuldip Kumar, Lab. Adtt.
Ajit Ram, MTS
Karnel Chand, MTS
Surinder Kumar, MTS
Mr. Ashok Kumar, MTS
- Collection of plant resources from selected ecological niches for novel bioactivities (CSIR)
- Plant endophytes for enhancing secondary metabolite production and plant productivity in Glycyrrhiza glabra and Coleus forskohlii (CSIR)
- Development of functional genomics platform in Cannabis (CSIR)
- Demonstration of Cultivation, Processing and Value Addition of Selected Aromatic Crops in Bundelkhand region (DBT)
- CSIR Aroma Mission (CSIR)
- Glycoengineering of Nicotiana tabacum using CRISPR Cas based genome editing: Glyco-optimization for humanized therapeutic protein production in plants (DBT)
- Advance Phase of industry-sponsored CIPA Herbal Dengue product project (Industry)
- Development and Standardization of Bio-resource pool at IIIM Experimental Farm, Chatha, Jammu (CSIR). | <urn:uuid:e1e21dd6-b5be-4dda-9699-ba3adb0a1b11> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iiim.res.in/psa-division/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.831165 | 1,328 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Editorial Note: Led by our Editor Dr Mike Hankins, From Balloons to Drones produces a monthly podcast that provides an outlet for the presentation and evaluation of air power scholarship, the exploration of historical topics and ideas, and provides a way to reach out to both new scholars and the general public. You can find our Soundcloud channel here. You can also find our podcast on Apple Podcasts and Google Podcasts.
In our latest episode, we interview F-15 pilot and MiG-killer Rick Tollini. We discuss his new book, Call-Sign Kluso and he tells us all about the harrowing missions flown in the opening of the 1991 Gulf War.
Rick Tollini, call-sign Kluso, is a freelance writer, live performer, former United States Air Force F-15C Fighter Weapons Officer, and current F-15C flight simulator contract instructor pilot. Tollini is recognised as an expert in the field of air superiority operations and tactics. He has also worked as a feature writer for Pacific Star and Stripes weekly journal, CNN Travel contributor, and has recorded and published over 30 original songs.
Header image: An air-to-air view of two US Air Force F-15C Eagles of the 33rd Tactical Fighter Wing and a Royal Saudi Air Force F-5E Tiger II fighter aircraft during a mission in support of Operation Desert Storm. (Source: Wikimedia).
Editorial Note: Led by our Editor Dr Mike Hankins, From Balloons to Drones produces a monthly podcast that provides an outlet for the presentation and evaluation of air power scholarship, the exploration of historical topics and ideas, and provides a way to reach out to both new scholars and the general public. You can find our Soundcloud channel here. You can also find our podcast on Apple Podcasts and Google Podcasts.
Dr Michael Hankins is the Curator for US Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps post-World War II Aviation at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum and the author of Flying Camelot: The F-15, the F-16, and the Weaponization of Fighter Pilot Nostalgia (2021). He is the Podcast Editor at From Balloons to Drones, a former Professor of Strategy at the USAF Air Command and Staff College eSchool, and former Instructor of Military History at the US Air Force Academy. He earned his PhD in history from Kansas State University in 2018 and his master’s in history from the University of North Texas in 2013. He has a web page here and can be found on Twitter at @hankinstien.
Header image: This cartoon from a 1977 General Dynamics briefing depicts the ‘myth’ that the F-16 production model had inferior performance to the original YF-16 prototype (Source: Lockheed Martin photo via Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum).
Editorial note: In this series, From Balloons to Drones highlights research resources available to researchers. Contributions range from discussions of research at various archival repositories to highlighting new publications. As part of this series, we are bringing you a monthly precis of recent articles and books published in air power history. This precis will not be exhaustive but will highlight new works published in the preceding month. Publication dates may vary around the globe and are based on those provided on the publisher’s websites. If you would like to contribute to the series, please contact our Editor-in-Chief, Dr Ross Mahoney, at firstname.lastname@example.org or via our contact page here.
John Alexander, ‘The Worsted Manufacturer, Roderick Hill and ‘the most courageous decision of the War’: The Decision to Reorganise Britain’s Air Defence to Counter the V-1 Flying Bomb,’ RAF Air and Space Power Review 23, no. 1 (2021).
The first four V-1 flying bombs crossed the Channel in the early hours of 13 June 1944, exactly one week after D-Day; none were engaged and one reached Bethnal Green killing four people. When overnight 15/16 June the German Air Force launched 244 V-1s against London, the long-planned British counter V-1 defences, consisting of fighter, gun and balloon belts, brought down only thirty-three V-1s, including eleven shot-down by anti-aircraft (AA) guns, and seventy landed on London. This paper explores the decision to reorganise Britain’s Air Defence during this crucial stage of the War.
Orazio Coco, ‘The Italian Military Aviation in Nationalist China: General Roberto Lordi and the Italian Mission in Nanchang (1933–1937),’ The International History Review (2021). DOI: 10.1080/07075332.2021.1984277
On 7 September 1933, military officers of the Italian Air Force led by Colonel Roberto Lordi departed from Naples to reach China with the task, agreed upon by Italian fascist and Chinese nationalist governments, of building a factory assembling Italian-made aircraft and training pilots for the Republic of China. The mission was stationed at Nanchang, in today’s Jiangxi province. The initiative was developed in competition with a similar American mission, which had operated since 1932 in Hankou, in the Hubei province, at the time led by Colonel John H. Jouett. The Italian government won Chiang’s attention with the agreement to use the military airfield and Italian aircraft against the Communist resistance, which pleased the expectations of the Generalissimo. In April 1934, the headquarters of the Chinese military aviation finally moved to Nanchang. The mission’s commander, Roberto Lordi, was promoted Brigadier General of the Italian Royal Air Force and appointed Chief of Staff of the Chinese Air Force. This article presents, through extensive use of unpublished private and public archive documents, the controversial history of the Italian military mission and unveils the circumstances that changed the fortune of that successful story, as well as the career and personal life of its commander.
Steven Paget, ‘The ‘Eeles Memorandum’: A Timeless Study of Professional Military Education,’ RAF Air and Space Power Review 23, no. 1 (2021).
Examinations of historical examples are an important element of the professional military education debate and demonstrate the enduring nature of some of the necessary considerations. Air Commodore Henry Eeles, the Commandant of Royal Air Force (RAF) College Cranwell between August 1952 and April 1956 wrote a prescient report in 1955. The military, political and social changes that were occurring have some parallels to the contemporary context, including expectations about access to higher education and the introduction of new technology, which was viewed as leading to an era of so-called ‘push button warfare’. Eeles was also cognisant of issues such as balance, time and life-long learning that are just as pertinent today as in 1955. The context and content of the report has ensured that it has enduring relevance for the RAF.
Matthew Powell, ‘Royalties, Patents and Sub-Contracting: The Curious Case of the Hawker Hart,’ RAF Air and Space Power Review 23, no. 1 (2021).
Aircraft procurement by the Air Ministry in the inter-war period was beset by various problems, with numerous solutions proposed in an attempt to resolve them. One such potential solution was the proposal to sub-contract the production to other aircraft manufacturers within the Air Ministry’s ring of firms who were allocated firm orders. This action by the Air Ministry, it was believed, would spread the technical knowledge of aircraft production to a wider base that could be built upon in a time of national emergency or war. This approach was also a way of ‘artificially’ keeping firms alive where they had been unsuccessful in being awarded contracts. Such a scheme would, from the industry’s perspective, however, lead to less orders for firms successful in aircraft design and allow the potential sharing of industry secrets amongst direct competitors.
Richard Worrall, “Bumps along “The Berlin Road”’: Bomber Command’s forgotten Battle of Hanover, September-October 1943,’ RAF Air and Space Power Review 23, no. 1 (2021).
The many accounts on RAF Bomber Command follow the usual chronology of the ‘Main Offensive’ against Germany throughout 1943/4, with a linear progression from the Battle of the Ruhr, to the Battle of Hamburg, to the Battle of Berlin. Yet adopting this approach is problematic. The Battle of Berlin was halted by Harris in mid-September only to be recommenced in mid-November, but it, therefore, begs the simple question: what was Bomber Command doing during the interim ten weeks? Harris’ force was far from inactive during this time, in which the centrepiece was the ‘Battle of Hanover’ that comprised four heavy-attacks in twenty-six days. This article identifies what happened during this period of the ‘Main Offensive’, to suggest why this ‘bomber battle’ has remained forgotten, highlighting how Bomber Command’s experiences over Hanover revealed its limitations at this critical stage of the bombing war.
Tony Fairbairn, The Mosquito in the USAAF: De Havilland’s Wooden Wonder in American Service (Barnsley: Pen and Sword, 2021).
On 20 April 1941, a group of distinguished Americans headed by the US Ambassador to the United Kingdom, John Winant, and which included Major General Henry ‘Hap’ Arnold, Chief of the US Army Air Corps, visited the de Havilland Aircraft Company’s airfield at Hatfield, England.
The party was there ostensibly to gain an insight into how various US aircraft supplied to Britain were performing, as well as to observe some of the latest British products being put through their paces. The eighteen types on display included both US and British bombers and fighters. But the star of the day was undoubtedly the de Havilland Mosquito.
Having first flown only a few months earlier, on 25 November 1940, the aircraft that was put through its paces was flown by none other than Geoffrey de Havilland. Striving to impress the trans-Atlantic visitors, de Havilland provided an outstanding display of speed and manoeuvrability. It was a routine that impressed the Americans and left them in no doubt as to the Mosquito’s abilities.
Though the visitors harboured doubts about an aircraft made of wood, they returned to the United States with full details of the design. The Mosquito had also caught the eye of Elliott Roosevelt, son of the US President and a serving officer in the USAAC. An early specialist in military aerial mapping and reconnaissance, ‘ER’ swiftly realized the value of the Mosquito in the reconnaissance role and began lobbying vigorously for its acquisition. The Air Ministry duly noted ‘ER’s’ interest and influence.
Following America’s entry into the war, formal requests for Mosquitoes began in earnest in 1942. Initial deliveries for evaluation purposes in the United States soon followed in June 1943, the aircraft initially being supplied by de Havilland Canada. From February 1944 a steady flow of the photographic reconnaissance version, from Hatfield, were provided to what would become the USAAF’s 25th Bomb Group at Watton, England. There they served with distinction in a variety of specialist roles, including day and night photography, weather reconnaissance, ‘chaff’ (Window) dropping, scouting for the bomber force, raid assessment, and filming of special weapons projects.
A number of these Mosquitoes, serving with the 492nd Bomb Group at Harrington, were involved in the so-called ‘Joan-Eleanor’ project, working with OSS secret agents on the Continent. Finally, in 1945, the USAAF received much-anticipated night fighter Mosquitoes which enjoyed combat success with the 416th Night Fighter Squadron in Italy.
In this highly illustrated work, the author explores the full story of why the Americans wanted Mosquitoes, how they went about obtaining them, and their noted success and popularity with USAAF units.
Michael Hankins, Flying Camelot: The F-15, the F-16, and the Weaponization of Fighter Pilot Nostalgia (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2021).
Flying Camelot brings us back to the post-Vietnam era, when the US Air Force launched two new, state-of-the art fighter aircraft: the F-15 Eagle and the F-16 Fighting Falcon. It was an era when debates about aircraft superiority went public—and these were not uncontested discussions. Michael W. Hankins delves deep into the fighter pilot culture that gave rise to both designs, showing how a small but vocal group of pilots, engineers, and analysts in the Department of Defense weaponized their own culture to affect technological development and larger political change.
The design and advancement of the F-15 and F-16 reflected this group’s nostalgic desire to recapture the best of World War I air combat. Known as the “Fighter Mafia,” and later growing into the media savvy political powerhouse “Reform Movement,” it believed that American weapons systems were too complicated and expensive, and thus vulnerable. The group’s leader was Colonel John Boyd, a contentious former fighter pilot heralded as a messianic figure by many in its ranks. He and his group advocated for a shift in focus from the multi-role interceptors the Air Force had designed in the early Cold War towards specialized air-to-air combat dogfighters. Their influence stretched beyond design and into larger politicized debates about US national security, debates that still resonate today.
A biography of fighter pilot culture and the nostalgia that drove decision-making, Flying Camelot deftly engages both popular culture and archives to animate the movement that shook the foundations of the Pentagon and Congress.
Norman Ridley, The Role of Intelligence in the Battle of Britain (Barnsley: Pen and Sword, 2021).
The Battle of Britain was fought between two airborne military elites and was a classic example of pure attack against pure defence. Though it was essentially a ‘war of attrition’, it was an engagement in which the gathering, assessment and reaction to intelligence played a significant role on both sides.
In some respects, both the RAF and the Luftwaffe were hamstrung in their endeavours during the Battle of Britain by poor intelligence. The most egregious Luftwaffe blunder was its failure to appreciate the true nature of Fighter Command’s operational systems and consequently it made fundamental strategic errors when evaluating its plans to degrade them. This was compounded by the Luftwaffe’s Intelligence chief, Major Josef ‘Beppo’ Schmid, whose consistent underestimation of Fighter Command’s capabilities had a huge negative impact upon Reichsmarschall Göring’s decision-making at all stages of the conflict.
Both the Luftwaffe and the RAF lacked detailed information about each other’s war production capacity. While the Luftwaffe did have the benefit of pre-war aerial surveillance data it had been unable to update it significantly since the declaration of war in September 1939. Fighter Command did have an distinct advantage through its radar surveillance systems, but this was, in the early stages of the conflict at least, less than totally reliable and it was often difficult to interpret the data coming through due to the inexperience of many of its operators. Another promising source of intelligence was the interception of Luftwaffe communications.
It is clear that the Luftwaffe was unable to use intelligence as a ‘force multiplier’, by concentrating resources effectively, and actually fell into a negative spiral where poor intelligence acted as a ‘force diluter’, thus wasting resources in strategically questionable areas. The British, despite being essentially unable to predict enemy intentions, did have the means, however imperfect, to respond quickly and effectively to each new strategic initiative rolled out by the Luftwaffe.
The result of three years intensive research, in this book the author analyses the way in which both the British and German Intelligence services played a part in the Battle of Britain, thereby attempting to throw light on an aspect of the battle that has been hitherto underexposed to scrutiny.
Stephen Wynn, Hitler’s Air Defences (Barnsley: Pen and Sword, 2021).
The first Allied bombing raid on Berlin during the course of the Second World War, took place on 7 June 1940, when a French naval aircraft dropped 8 bombs on the German capital, but the first British raid on German soil took place on the night of 10/11 May 1940, when RAF aircraft attacked Dortmund.
Initially, Nazi Germany hadn’t given much thought about its aerial defences. being attacked in its ‘own back yard’ wasn’t something that was anticipated to be an issue. Germany had been on the offensive from the beginning of the war and Hitler believed that the Luftwaffe was the much stronger air force.
In addition, from 1939-1942, the Allied policy of aerial attacks on German soil was to hit targets with a distinct military purpose, such as munitions factories, airfields etc. This meant that the Germany military could focus where they placed their anti-aircraft batteries and had a very good idea of how many they would need.
However, Germany’s defensive capabilities were forced to improve as Allied raids on towns and cities increased in size and frequency. Fighter aircraft were included as part of anti-aircraft defences and flak units mastered the art of keeping attacking Allied aircraft at a specific height. This made it more difficult for them to identify their specific targets, and easier for German fighter aircraft to shoot them down before they could jettison their bomb loads.
With the Allied tactic of ‘area bombing’, Germany’s anti-aircraft capabilities became harder to maintain as demand increased. The longer the war went on, along with the increased Allied bombing raids, sometimes involving more than 1,000 bomber aircraft, so the worth and effectiveness of German air-defences dwindled.
Editorial Note: 2021 marks the 30th anniversary of Operation DESERT STORM. To mark this anniversary, during 2021, From Balloons to Drones will be publishing a series of articles that examine various aspects of DESERT STORM’s air campaign. We will be publishing pieces throughout 2021, and if you would like to contribute to the series, please contact our Editor-in-Chief, Dr Ross Mahoney, at email@example.com or via our contact page here. The official call for submissions can be found here.
I think to understand the success of Desert Storm, you have to study Vietnam.
Lieutenant General Chuck Horner, Joint Force Air Component Commander during Operation DESERT STORM
This reflection applies to many aspects of the 1991 Gulf War, undeniably so in the realm of air-to-air combat. As in most wars, air-to-air combat played a relatively small role, certainly not a decisive one. However, the differences between air combat during the Vietnam War and DESERT STORM are stark. In the skies above Southeast Asia between 1965 and 1973, the United States shot down approximately 200 enemy aircraft while North Vietnamese MiGs claimed about 80 US fighters. During DESERT STORM, coalition pilots shot down 42 Iraqi aircraft and only lost one to a MiG. There is no single reason why air-to-air efforts were so much more successful in DESERT STORM than in Vietnam. However, several factors synergistically combined to contribute to a considerable shift in air superiority efforts: training, situational awareness, technology, and the nature of the enemy being faced. These factors were interconnected. Technologies that had first appeared in Vietnam had matured and became more reliable. These technologies were also more interwoven with training and doctrine, drastically increasing their effectiveness in situations like those faced in the Gulf in 1991.
What went wrong in Vietnam
The 1970s and 1980s constitute a second interwar period. As with the period between the First and Second World War, the years between the Vietnam War and DESERT STORM was a time of massive technological, doctrinal, and organisational change within the US military. It was also a time of competing theories and visions regarding what the future of warfare might look like. These debates centred on the idea of fixing the perceived problems of Vietnam. However, there was little agreement over what exactly the problems were and even less about how to fix them.
Regarding the air-to-air realm, clearly, there had been problems in Southeast Asia. To avoid fratricide, restrictive rules of engagement prevented most missiles from being fired in the conditions for which they were designed. At the same time, the jungle environment compounded issues from transport and maintenance that frequently damaged delicate sensor equipment. North Vietnamese MiGs often did not stick around to fight. However, their agility was effective against the larger, heavier American interceptors when they did. US pilots often had little – if any – air combat training and rarely (if ever) against aircraft that mimicked the MiGs capabilities and tactics.
To fix these problems, two main camps emerged: the self-described ‘Fighter Mafia’ that later evolved into the larger Defense Reform Movement (Reformers) was led by former fighter pilots, analysts, engineers, and journalists linked to Colonel John Boyd. They argued in favour of new aircraft that they were simple and cheap. The poor performance of missiles in Vietnam frustrated the ‘Fighter Mafia,’ who argued that the key to winning air battles required small, lightweight aircraft that emphasised maneuverability and gunnery. In their argument, aircraft did not need to be burdened with long-range radars. Countering these views was the defence establishment – the service leaders in the Pentagon, the USAF Air Staff, and other analysts, including the commander of Tactical Air Command, General Wilbur ‘Bill’ Creech. This group argued that a high-tech approach was necessary to counter the Soviet threat. They argued that although weapons may be expensive, they were not only effective but could protect more American lives and reduce casualties.
These debates occurred in a context of larger doctrinal changes within all the US military services during a second interwar period of heavy debate and significant technological changes. Nonetheless, the Reformers had a large influence on the direction of air war planning in those years. However, ultimately, few of their proposed reforms truly took hold as the defence establishment had the advantage of being established and in power. However, in having to defend themselves against the Reformers’ frequent critiques, the defence establishment was forced to confront important issues, particularly regarding readiness and weapons testing procedures.
Train How We Fight
Even the most significant changes in technology would be of limited use without equal changes in training. This was something even the revered ace pilot Brigadier General Robin Olds realised. Speaking of his experience flying F-4 Phantoms in Vietnam, Olds lamented, ‘If only I’d had a gun!’ However, Olds opposed adding a gun pod to the F-4s in his unit because, as he recalled:
[o]ut of all my fighter guys, only a precious few have ever fired a gun at an aerial target, let alone learned how to dogfight with guns. Hell, they’d pile into a bunch of MiGs with their hair on fire and be eaten alive.
Some US Navy officers realised the importance of air combat training, instituting the Navy Fighter Weapons School, also called TOPGUN, specifically to train F-4 and F-8 pilots how to defeat MiGs in air-to-air encounters. The school’s graduates began having success in the air battles of 1972. The US Air Force (USAF) was slower to institute similar training but did create the Red Flag exercises in 1975. The key to both programs was ‘dissimilar air combat training’ (DACT): training in mock combat against different aircraft types than one’s own. Said another way, DACT means to train how you fight.
That meant that F-8, F-4, and F-105 pilots needed to square off against smaller, nimbler planes that could simulate the MiGs. T-38s, F-5s and F-86s were perfect for that. Pilots flying as these pretend adversaries became known as ‘aggressor’ squadrons. Eventually, captured MiG fighters of the 4477th Test and Evaluation Squadron (nicknamed the ‘Red Eagles’) could give coalition pilots mock combat experience against actual MiGs.
We Have the Technology
The new DACT training programs were not all about maneuvers and volleyball. The programs incorporated a wide array of new tactics emerging from rapid evolution in new technologies both in new airframes and the new generations of missiles that were far more capable than their Vietnam-era ancestors. These included new fighters like USAF’s F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon, and the US Navy’s F-14 Tomcat and F/A-18 Hornet. A far cry from the interceptors designed in the early Cold War, these new generations of planes emphasised air combat capability as their first priority, with multi-role functions like ground attack as an add-on. In other words, these planes were agile, born to mix it up in dogfights, but could still perform the vital missions of strategic and tactical bombing, close air support, and interdiction. Like the F-16’s fly-by-wire controls, their new control systems maximised the pilot’s command over their aeroplanes. At the same time, head’s up displays enabled pilots to see vital information and keep their eyes on the skies instead of looking down at their instruments and switches.
One of the most significant upgrades was a new model of the heat-seeking Sidewinder missile, the AIM-9L. Unlike previous versions, the ‘L’ (nicknamed ‘Lima’) could be fired from any direction. No longer did pilots need to maneuver behind an enemy after the ‘merge’ (in which two fighters flying head-on zoom past each other before beginning a maneuvering dogfight). This new weapon complimented the new AIM-7F Sparrow missile – a radar-guided missile with improved range and look-down capability. These missiles, combined with the Hughes AN/APG-63 radar housed in the F-15 Eagle’s nose, allowed the new generation of fighters to identify their targets from far beyond what the human eye could see. It also meant they could coordinate with other coalition pilots and “sort” their targets. Maneuvering was still crucial, but as former F-15 pilot Colonel C.R. Anderegg noted:
The cycle of counter vs. counter vs. counter continued, but the fight did not start at 1,000 feet range as in the days of ’40 second Boyd.’ The struggle was starting while the adversaries were thirty miles apart, and the F-15 pilots were seriously intent on killing every adversary pre-merge.
Pilots in previous decades had often decried the lack of a gun on the F-4 and were sceptical of claims that missiles were the way of the future. Missiles were problematic in Vietnam, but in the Gulf War, they dominated. Of the 42 official coalition aerial victories, three were due to ground impact. The only gun kills were two A-10 Thunderbolt IIs that shredded Iraqi helicopters with their infamous GAU-8 cannon. In one case, an F-15E Strike Eagle dropped a laser-guided GBU-10 bomb onto a helicopter and received an aerial victory credit. The remaining 36 – almost 86 per cent – were the result of a guided missile. Of the AIM-7 kills, 16 (44 per cent of the total number of missile kills) were beyond visual range attacks.
Even the best-trained and equipped pilots in the world cannot use their advantages if they are unaware of the threats around them. Effective situational awareness and early warning have proven crucial to air combat success. Throughout Vietnam, several long-range radars provided this capability. Airborne radar and surveillance programs like College Eye and Rivet Top and US Navy ship-based radar-like Red Crown became invaluable to pilots during Vietnam. Bringing the variety of systems together into Project Teaball in the summer of 1972 provided an even more powerful aid to pilots aiming to take out MiGs. Nevertheless, these systems (and the many other similar efforts) had limitations. The invention of pulse-Doppler radar systems enabled a reliable way of distinguishing airborne threats from ground clutter when looking down. This innovation led to the USAF’s E-3 Sentry Airborne Warning and Control System (AWACS). The Navy used a similar concept in their E-2 Hawkeye. These systems gave operators a view of aircraft operating in the entire airspace, allowing them to pass on the word to coalition fighter pilots where the MiGs were from very long ranges. Almost every single aerial encounter during the Gulf War began with a call from AWACS or an E-2.
Know Your Enemy
The US and its allies prepared for a conventional war against the Soviet-style threat that Iraq seemed to be. As the saying goes, the enemy always gets a vote. In the Gulf War case, as one General Accounting Office report put it: ‘the Iraqi air force essentially chose not to challenge the coalition.’ Of course, that is not entirely true, as some intense air battles did occur, and a few Iraqi pilots proved quite adept. Nevertheless, overall, the Iraqi Air Force had not invested in air-to-air combat preparedness. There was no Iraqi equivalent of Top Gun or Red Flag, and air-to-air training was lacking. One US Navy Intelligence report stated: ‘Intercept tactics and training [were] still predominantly conservative, elementary, and generally not up to western standards.’ Culturally, while US fighter pilots tended to prize aerial combat, the Iraqi Air Force culture did not, viewing ground attack as a more desirable assignment. As historian Williamson Murray argued, Iraqi pilots ‘did not possess the basic flying skills to exploit fully the capabilities of their aircraft.’
As F-15s flew combat air patrol missions during the opening strikes, searching for possible MiG threats, infrared cameras revealed one MiG-29 crashing into the ground. At the same time, another launched a missile that destroyed a friendly MiG-23 crossing ahead of it. In some cases, when coalition pilots obtained radar locks, Iraqi pilots made little to no attempt to maneuver before missiles destroyed their planes. When coalition planners began targeting the hardened shelters protecting Iraqi aircraft, many pilots attempted to flee to Iran. Reiterating the Iraqi fighter pilot force’s lack of competence, many of them did not have enough fuel for the trip and crashed. Coalition pilots seized the opportunity to destroy the enemy in the air as they fled.
The lives lost in air combat during the Vietnam War are tragic. Many aircrew members died, others became prisoners, and many suffered lifelong psychological trauma. Every single loss affected the families and loved ones of those crews, creating ripple effects lasting generations. If some strands of hope can be pulled from those tragedies, one of them is that allied airmen’s struggles in the Vietnam War planted the seeds of change that led to the massive increase in air-to-air combat effectiveness in Operation Desert Storm. Technologies, training methods, and tactics first introduced in Southeast Asia continued to mature throughout the 1970s and 1980s, strengthened further by the heat of intellectual debate during those years. The coalition’s effectiveness in air-to-air combat alone did not win the Gulf War, of course. However, it did undoubtedly save many lives and contributed to the US achieving its objectives.
As Horner recalled: ‘Vietnam was a ghost we carried with us.’ One way to exorcise that ghost was by gaining control of the air in Iraq from the outset, which had not happened in Vietnam. It worked. As Horner recalled:
[e]very time the Iraqi interceptor planes, their best defences, took off, it was take off, gear up, blow up, because we had two F-15s sitting on every airfield, overhead every airfield, and so we never gave them a chance.
Dr Michael Hankins is the Curator of US Air Force History at the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum and is an Editor at From Balloons to Drones. He is a former Professor of Strategy at the USAF Air Command and Staff College eSchool, and former Instructor of Military History at the US Air Force Academy. He earned his PhD from Kansas State University in 2018, and a master’s from the University of North Texas in 2013, He has a web page here and can be found on Twitter at @hankinstien.
Header image: An F-15C Eagle of the 1st Tactical Fighter Wing during Exercise Gallant Eagle, 1986. (Source: US Air Force)
Sources differ on exact numbers. The best work on the air-to-air aspect of Vietnam to date is Marshal Michel, Clashes: Air Combat over North Vietnam, 1965-1972 (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1997).
Lewis D. Hill et al, Gulf War Air Power Survey: Volume V: A Statistical Compendium and Chronology (Washington D.C.; US Department of Defense, 1993), p. 637, 641, pp. 653-4; hereafter cited as GWAPS. The one loss was US Navy Lieutenant Commander Michael Scott Speicher. Information about that event can be found here: CIA, FOIA Electronic Reading Room, ‘Intelligence Community Assessment of the Lieutenant Commander Speicher Case,’ 27 March 2001.
For a pro-reform view, see Grant Hammond, The Mind of War: John Boyd and American Security (Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001); and James Burton, The Pentagon Wars: Reformers Challenge the Old Guard (Annapolis, MD, Naval Institute Press, 1993). The defense establishment view is best represented by Walter Kross, Military Reform: The High-Tech Debate in Tactical Air Forces (Fort McNair: National Defense University Press, 1985); and James C. Slife, Creech Blue: Gen Bill Creech and the Reformation of the Tactical Air Forces, 1978-1984 (Maxwell AFB: Air University Press, 2004).
Robin Olds, with Christina Olds and Ed Rasimus, Fighter Pilot: The Memoirs of Legendary Ace Robin Olds (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2010), p. 304, 317.
The best overview of the origins of the Red Flag program is Brian Laslie’s The Air Force Way of War: U.S. Tactics and Training after Vietnam (Lexington, KT: University Press of Kentucky, 2015).
Gaillard R. Peck, Jr., America’s Secret MiG Squadron: The Red Eagles of Project Constant Peg (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2012)
For a history of the development of both aircraft, see Steven A. Fino, Tiger Check: Automating the US Air Force Fighter Pilot in Air-to-Air Combat, 1950-1980 (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017); and Michael Hankins, ‘The Cult of the Lightweight Fighter: Culture and Technology in the U.S. Air Force, 1964-1991’ (PhD thesis, Kansas State University, 2018).
C.R. Anderegg, Sierra Hotel: Flying Air Force Fighters in The Decade After Vietnam (Washington D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program, 2001), p. 163.
GWAPS Summary Report, p. 60; GWAPS V5, pp. 653-4; Daniel Haulman, ‘No Contest: Aerial Combat in the 1990s,’ Presentation, Society for Military History annual meeting, May 2001, 6; Craig Brown, Debrief: A Complete History of U.S. Aerial Engagements, 1981 to the Present (Atglen, PA: Schiffer Military History, 2007), pp. 23-149.
GAO/NSIAD-97-134, ‘Operation Desert Storm: Evaluation of the Air Campaign,’ United States General Accounting Office Report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives, June 1997, p. 66.
Williamson Murray, with Wayne M. Thompson, Air War in the Persian Gulf (Baltimore, MD: The Nautical & Aviation Publishing Company of America, 1995), 67, 92.
Brown, Debrief, pp. 51-73; Murray, Air War, pp. 110-1, p. 162, 180.
Works dealing with the history of military technology tend to fall into a few camps. Some will praise a single ‘genius inventor,’ some will chronicle a teleological, linear path of ‘advancement,’ some are content to merely unpack the ‘black boxes’ and describe a piece of technology in detail for its own sake. Rare is the work that discusses the social and cultural interchange between people and machines, digs deep in technical details, while at the same time being a well-written, gripping narrative history sure to excite any enthusiast. Steven Fino’s Tiger Check is all those things at their finest.
Fino examines the American fighter pilot experience in three specific aircraft: The F-86 Sabre, the F-4 Phantom II, and the F-15 Eagle. Each plane featured new technology that seemed to threaten the existing ‘knights of the air’ culture of fighter pilots. Fino argues that despite this series of cultural threats, that culture adapted. The image of pilots as ‘flying knights’ never changed, although they did have to modify themselves into ‘flying scientists.’ This did not replace the previous culture of fighter pilots but merely broadened and democratised it.
Fino begins the book by briefly exploring the ‘knights of the air’ mythology that dates to air-to-air combat in the First World War. As he defines it, the fighter pilot myth has three elements. First, air-to-air engagements as a form of honourable combat among gentleman warriors. Second, that success in air combat is due to the unique skill of the individual pilot. Finally, that the measure of greatness is the kill count—the number of enemy aircraft downed by a single pilot. It could be argued that there are more elements to this myth, and in his attempt to define these cultural factors as steady between the two World Wars, Fino glosses over the emphasis on bombing doctrine in the Second World War, and the battles between fighter culture and bomber culture during those years. That is a minor nitpick, however, as he does a wonderful job of defining the terms of his argument and how he intends to explore the evolution of the fighter pilot myth in the Cold War era.
The rest of the book is organised into three long chapters, each devoted to a particular aircraft. These chapters all follow a similar formula. First, Fino looks at how the pilots of a specific era still maintained and celebrated the three main elements of the ‘flying knights’ mythology. Fino then gives a detailed look at the new cockpit technologies of that era and how they seemed to threaten that myth. Finally, Fino chronicles how pilots adapted, slightly modifying their culture and practices in a way that allowed them to both masters the new technology while keeping the ‘knights of the air’ myth intact.
This pattern starts with the F-86 Sabre and the massive air-to-air battles over ‘MiG Alley’ during the Korean War. The main new piece of technology in the fighter cockpit was the A-1C(M) gunsight, relying on radar to help pilots aim their guns against the new generation of fast, agile jet fighters. The new gunsights, which required more technical knowledge and at least some understanding of radar theory, threatened the image of the lone fighter pilot using his skills, rather than relying on machines. Many pilots resisted the new gunsights and lobbied for their removal. Indeed, the first generation of sights was notoriously unreliable. However, after mid-1952, newer versions of the gunsight increased its reliability, and a younger generation of pilots adapted their culture to emphasise the combination of man and machine, rather than the earlier conception of man or machine. As Fino concludes:
Pilots had to move beyond the decades-old stereotype that had defined their profession. Detailed knowledge of their aircraft and its weapons systems wouldn’t necessarily dilute their tiger spirit […] It might actually render their tiger-like instincts that much more lethal for their opponent. (p. 109)
The next section jumps to the Vietnam War and examines the next biggest ‘threat’ to the fighter pilot mythology: The F-4 Phantom. The threat came not only from a reliance on guided missiles rather than guns (as the Phantom did not carry a gun at all until the later ‘E’ model) but more so from the fact that the F-4 was a two-seater. No longer was the fighter pilot a lone wolf, but he had to work in tandem with a radar cooperator in the back seat (colloquially called the ‘GIB’ for ‘guy in back’) to help identify and track enemy aircraft as well as obtain weapons locks. It was no longer enough to use one’s skill to maneuver a fighter into position and pull the trigger aggressively—now a pilot needed to understand the intricacies of how their large radar worked, and how to operate a large array of knobs, buttons, and switches to find and track targets. These tasks, split between two people, seemed to destroy social conventions among fighter pilots. Most importantly, who got credit for a kill? Most pilots bristled at these changes, as Fino notes:
Many of those sitting in either seat in the Phantom would have preferred instead to be flying a single-seat fighter, even if it was an older, less sophisticated, more vulnerable aircraft. (p. 196)
Even this radical of a shift did not destroy the image of pilots as ‘flying knights.’ The definition of what a pilot was shifted, emphasising coordination between men and machines. As Fino surmises, the Phantom’s advanced technology:
[m]ight have been designed to simplify and democratize fighter aviation so that the nation would no longer have to rely solely on the skills of carefully screened and combat-seasoned ‘birdmen,’ but it quickly became apparent in the skies over Vietnam that skilled pilots were still needed, and that those necessary skills could often be developed only in combat. (p. 197)
The final shift in this narrative came with the arrival of the F-15 Eagle—which promised to be a return to ‘traditional’ fighter pilot conceptions, optimised for air-to-air combat as a true ‘fighter pilot’s fighter plane.’ Although the Eagle had a single-seat, it was also larger and much more complicated than the Phantom. Its radar and long-range missiles still required extensive knowledge and skill to operate, although a computer now performed most of the tasks formerly handled by the GIB. Still, Eagle pilots had to be, to some degree, ‘flying scientists,’ who could perform delicate, precise movements on their joysticks to manipulate their radars and make the most of their weapons systems.
Fino does not examine the Eagle’s performance in actual warfare as much as simulated combat, specifically the AIMVAL/ACEVAL tests of 1976-1977. During and after these tests, F-15 pilots developed new tactics, including changing their formations, but more importantly developing the practice of ‘sorting’ targets. Fino examines this shift from a cultural perspective—lone fighter pilots duelling in the skies indeed became a thing of the past. Skilled individuals were still key, but now, pilots had to work together and pick targets, maximising the advantages of their weapons, ideally to end air-to-air engagements before they became dogfights. This seemed to threaten the ‘knights of the air’ image at first, but ultimately upheld it. Although the necessary skill set to be an effective Eagle pilot had drastically changed since the Korean War, pilot skill, aggression, and individual prowess were still crucial factors.
When describing the technical aspects of these systems, Fino goes into incredible detail. A close reading of this book would give the reader a thorough knowledge of the science behind radar technology and comes close to approaching an instruction manual for all three aircraft. These technical descriptions are never boring and never devolve to a case of opening ‘black boxes’ for their own sake. Fino continually ties the technical issues back to larger questions of cultural identity with an engaging style of writing. His sources are deep, and his notes thorough, proving ample opportunity for further research. If there is any flaw in the work, it tends to assume pilots are inherently antagonistic to engineers and aircraft designers. Many pilots likely shared this view. However, it might have been interesting to examine the culture and perspective of those designing and building this technology and how they viewed themselves as aiding pilots rather than threatening their culture. However, that would require another book’s worth of research and is not the type of work Fino set out to create here.
Ultimately, this work is one of the best works of air power (and technology) history that this reviewer has read in quite some time, and will likely become a standard of the field. It certainly sets a very high bar for other historians. For those interested in pilot culture and/or aircraft technology, this is required reading, while still pointing towards directions for future scholarship.
Mike Hankins is a doctoral candidate at Kansas State University, where he teaches World History, the History of Airpower, and the History of Comic Books, and he is currently working on his dissertation, ‘Sources of Innovation: The Cultural and Technological Origins of Fourth Generation Fighter Aircraft, 1964-1991.’ He completed his master’s thesis at the University of North Texas in 2013, titled ‘The Phantom Menace: The F-4 in Air-to-Air Combat in the Vietnam War. He has a web page and can be found on Twitter at @hankinstien.
Header Image: An F-22 Raptor, P-51 Mustang and F-15E Strike Eagle perform the historic heritage flight during an air show at Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada, 8 November 2008. (Source: Wikimedia) | <urn:uuid:5113869e-3a10-482c-97a8-f3fcc26e0a2f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://balloonstodrones.com/tag/mcdonnell-douglas-f-15-eagle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.960756 | 9,816 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Cathodoluminescence spectrum imaging of polycrystalline diamond
(a) Composite cathodoluminescence image of polycrystalline diamond created using red, green, and blue spectrally filtered cathodoluminescence images. Radioactive fluid ingress along grain boundaries leads to radiation halo effects being observed (yellow). Red square indicates region of specimen where the spectrum-image in (b) was acquired; (b) Four bandpass images extracted from the spectrum-image data cube at wavelengths indicated; red rectangles indicate region of the spectrum-image where cathodoluminescence spectra on right hand side of figure have been extracted. Band assignments: 475 nm dislocation (blue band); 550 nm possible N + V; 630 nm radiation-caused NV-. Spectrum-image acquisition time ~50 ms/pixel. | <urn:uuid:009ab449-6df0-49ed-8377-f6a5305c3c88> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gatan.com/cn/resources/media-library/cathodoluminescence-spectrum-imaging-polycrystalline-diamond | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.815988 | 174 | 2.078125 | 2 |
CRABNEBULA DIGITAL SUITE, AN ALGORITHM OF SURVEY AND 3D MODELLING FOR THE PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF URBAN HERITAGE
- 1Special Educational Structure of Architecture of Siracusa, University of Catania, Italy
- 2Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, KORE University of Enna, Italy
Keywords: Urban Survey, Architectonic Survey, 3D Modelling, Digital Suite, Web Application, Qr Code, Augmented Reality
Abstract. Safeguarding the cultural patrimony represents one of the objectives and one of the most important challenges of our time, because only this can ensure the conservation of the documented historical memory of our civilizations. The first level of safeguarding is knowledge, that means, in some ways and in any case, to document. Indeed, documentation constitutes an indispensable support for the protection of the cultural patrimony. In recent times, the evolution of concepts and the progress of technologies have meant that the cultural and scientific debate should evolve in the examination of which type of documentation is the most suitable. Today, the need to observe city sites by entering their meanders and penetrating their reality with the aim of being able to interpret, understand and appreciate the values of the more recondite intimacies of the places, is increasingly felt. The methodological approach of this study tackles the issue of managing information that is highly interrelated, referring to the entire monumental unicum of Ortigia, by means of recognition of the parts, at times also fragmentary. With this responsibility, a suite of digital instruments, online and offline, called Crabnebula, has been conceived and already applied to a significant portion of Ortigia, with the aim of uniting various useful information towards a critical interpretation of the places: from the integrated environmental, urban and architectonic survey, to the three-dimensional rendered model. | <urn:uuid:b9c08d55-27b5-465b-9c61-a33432b66a1a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.int-arch-photogramm-remote-sens-spatial-inf-sci.net/XL-5-W1/227/2013/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.901026 | 394 | 1.710938 | 2 |
When the Royal Academy of Arts was founded in London under the patronage of King George III in 1768, the painters, sculptors and architects who made up the pioneering group had to decide on a suitable president to represent them on the public stage. The obvious candidate was the portrait painter Joshua Reynolds: accomplished, highly successful, and with a wide circle of eminent and learned friends.
Reynolds represented and advocated the academic principle of respect for the Old Masters of Italy, Spain and the Netherlands and a preference for serious literary and historical subjects. (He considered his own speciality, portraiture, second best.) He set out this high-minded programme in his Discourses to the students, but in his own earnest efforts at history painting he almost always failed.
It was part of his pre-eminence that he took a creative interest in the actual techniques of painting. Striving after grand effects, he was always experimenting with new materials, and his most ambitious canvases are now illegible ghosts because of his inventive adoption of substances such as bitumen and wax, which he mixed with his pigments to enhance their depth and glow. Go to Petworth House in Sussex, and see one of the biggest of them, Macbeth and the Witches. It covers a large wall, and is an almost indecipherable, darkened wreck, a monument to his laudable curiosity.
He was far from being the only experimenter. There is a picture in the Tate by a history painter of the next generation, William Hilton. It is a night scene, a dramatic historical subject: Editha and the Monks Searching for the Body of Harold, and it measures an appropriately enormous 334× 243 centimetres. Hilton showed it at the Academy in 1834. But it cannot be exhibited now. It is the sad remains of an experiment similar to Reynolds’s Macbeth: the semi-liquid bitumen with which it was painted — the ‘mummy’ in which the ancient Egyptians embalmed their dead has never dried, and the canvas has to be turned like a mattress every few years so the pigment can flow back to its proper place.
The spirit of invention and exploration among the Academicians is wonderfully spoofed in the great satirist James Gillray’s print Titianus Redivivus (Titian Reborn), published in 1797. It shows several leading artists taken in by a spurious ‘Venetian Secret’, concocted and promoted by a young woman, Mary Anne Provis, and her father. Several of them had paid ten guineas apiece for this quack recipe. Others, including the 22-year-old J. M. W. Turner, are not fooled. Reynolds, who had died in 1792, is present as an appalled spirit, but one cannot help wondering if he might have been attracted to the claim that the methods of one of the greatest painters of the Italian Renaissance had been revealed to Miss Provis, and been tempted to try it, simply for the sake of experimenting.
A student at the Academy Schools was the young William Blake. He came to despise the institution and wrote scurrilously about Reynolds as a traitor to the art he practised. He never became a member, but he followed Reynolds’s lead in trying out materials that proved disastrous for his pictures. He invented a medium that he called ‘fresco’, a version of tempera, not much related to the system the Renaissance Italians had used to cover their walls and ceilings. The elaborate subject-pictures that he painted using it — The Spiritual Form of Pitt Guiding Behemoth and The Spiritual Form of Nelson Guiding Leviathan, among others — have deteriorated just as much as Reynolds’s much larger works, to become cracked and blackened wrecks. But he had more success with a highly idiosyncratic version of the medium of etching, for the purpose of printing his own Prophetic Books of visionary poetry, which he (or his wife Catherine) would colour by hand and issue in tiny editions for the few people interested in his now much-prized arcana.
The fact is that the Royal Academy, like its products, like the country as a whole, was a technological melting pot. It was the youngest of the artists’ academies established in Europe over the past 200 years to embody and promote their professional aspirations and status. They had all laid down standards that ensured the quality of work remained high. In London, the same objectives held good, and it was clearly understood among the artists that their aims were more refined, more exclusively aesthetic, than the mere mechanical crafts. But London was not Rome, Copenhagen or Paris. It was the capital city of a country caught up in the civilisation-altering toils of the first Industrial Revolution. Only a few years earlier, a Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce had been founded in London, awarding premiums for works of scientific invention and ingenuity as well as for essays in design and draughtsmanship. It was a leading institution of the Age of the Enlightenment. In the year of the Academy’s first exhibition, 1769, Thomas Arkwright unveiled his spinning machine which was to help revolutionise the manufacture of cloth. Earlier in the decade, in 1763, James Hargreaves’s spinning jenny had started the process. In between, in 1765, James Watt had invented his condenser, which ten years later was to produce the first steam engine.
Also in 1769, Josiah Wedgwood opened his Etruria pottery works in Burslem, Staffordshire, an initiative that married technology with art and design in ways that survive today. A very early academician straddling the two disciplines was George Stubbs, the renowned painter of horses, who executed pictures in enamel, a very unconventional medium, on thin ceramic panels that Wedgwood produced specially for him. Stubbs exhibited the resulting paintings at the Royal Academy in 1782, where they caused a furore. And his attitude to his art was scientific; he brought a dead horse into his Lincolnshire barn and dissected it over many weeks, making careful drawings of the anatomy. These he published for their informative value in their own right.
Much of the impetus for the technological revolution of the age came from the newly expanding cities of the Midlands, with their coal and steel industries, where groups of businessmen, industrialists and scientists met to exchange ideas about science and technology. The Lunar Society is the best known of these groups. It came into existence in the mid-1760s, and Josiah Wedgwood was one of its early members, as were Richard Arkwright, the chemist Joseph Priestley, the industrialist Matthew Boulton, and Erasmus Darwin, Charles Darwin’s grandfather. Closely associated with several of these was the Derby painter Joseph Wright, who was elected an Associate of the Royal Academy in 1781. Shortly after, he celebrated the cotton mills that Arkwright had built a decade earlier in a view of them by the light of a serene full moon. The unromantic, eminently functional factory buildings are presented as the focus of an atmospheric night scene.
Moonlight, firelight, candlelight: Wright painted all these effects in a spirit of investigation, of scientific research, even while making the most of their value as visual poetry. This double intention lies behind his famous depictions of an orrery — a model of the solar system — and An Experiment with the Air-pump, both seen by candlelight, with all the expressive human nuances of fascinated faces seen in chiaroscuro. In the Air-pump, the scientist — or is he a magician? — working the contraption, a seventeenth-century invention, is about to turn off the supply of air to a white bird in a bell-like glass receiver. A scientist takes notes, an old man ponders the idea of death, children try not to watch, lovers take advantage of the darkness to canoodle. It’s a disquisition on human nature in relation to the achievements of science. This and The Orrery are among the greatest and most original paintings of the age.
An art form that developed astonishingly in this period was landscape. It lent itself particularly to experiments with media and methods. One of its greatest exponents, the Suffolk-born Thomas Gainsborough, forged his career by painting portraits but, like Reynolds, always wanted to do something else. In his case, it was landscape he experimented with, not only painting specific places but inventing compositions that obeyed rules of harmony, proportion and balance as true abstractions. For these explorations he sometimes painted on glass, so that the luminous sky could be presented with real light by holding the pane up to a candle. The theory of abstract design in painting had been laid out and published by an art master at Eton, Alexander Cozens, whose son, John Robert, reversed the process and applied it to real places, such as scenes in the Alps or the Italian Campagna.
It was inevitable that the theatrical possibilities of light and landscape should break out from their confinement on canvas or paper and become three-dimensional experiences. Philippe-Jacques de Loutherbourg, a painter from Alsace who became a full academician in 1781, created a theatre stage ten feet by six feet wide that he called the Eidophusikon, in which he showed scenes that were not stationary but presented altering phenomena: Aurora, or the Effects of Dawn; Tangiers at noon; Naples with a sunset; or a view of London from Greenwich Park. There was a storm at sea with thunder and lightning, using a battery of equipment including moving scenery, coloured slides and mirrors, as well as musical accompaniment. These dramatic scenes chimed with the current fashion for ‘the Sublime’, a notion considered important and much discussed in contexts both philosophical and aesthetic.
Other artists enlarged the technical range of picture-making along similar lines by developing the Panorama — a complete 360-degree circular painting that you stood or sat in the centre of and could imagine yourself present at an actual event, whether the meeting of all the devils in the Pandemonium of Milton’s Paradise Lost, or a tranquil morning on the roof of a tall London building. Several academicians contributed sensational, enormous paintings to the repertoire, notably ‘mad’ John Martin, whose vision of Belshazzar’s Feast was a typical specimen of his heightened vision. The word ‘panorama’ was invented (or stolen from the Greek) in 1791, and as a form of popular entertainment and instruction it spread throughout Europe and America and begat even more elaborate devices that were the forerunners of cinema.
Many artists experimented with transparencies — either on glass, or sheets of paper painted to be partly opaque, so that when a candle was placed behind them an illuminated scene appeared; a cottage by moonlight, for instance. As a young man, Turner tried his hand at a few of these. Another landscape painter who used sheets of glass for his studies was John Constable, who emphasised that he saw his own art as part of the scientific endeavour of the age. He thought of his pictures, small or large, as scientific experiments, not only his rapid notes of meteorological effects but even the full-size sketches for his six-footers, which he kept simply as trials for the finished works he would send for exhibition at the Academy. The comparison between the sketches and the finished pictures reveals how much his experiments taught him, with the final version embodying much of the impromptu technique and vibrancy of the sketch. This was the dawn of a totally fresh approach to painting, a new union of technique and emotion, parallel, we might say, to the experiments in verse that Wordsworth and Coleridge made in their Lyrical Ballads of 1798. ‘Painting is but another word for feeling,’ observed Constable — a truly modern idea! It is no coincidence that he was popular in France, where his Hay Wain won a medal at the Paris Salon in 1824. Impressionism was not far down the historical line, but Constable had already got there.
He distanced himself from the academicians who took a long time electing him one of their number, and did so only grudgingly in the end. He laughed at what he called the ‘high-minded’ members ‘who stickle for the ‘elevated & noble’ walks of art – i.e. preferring the shaggy posteriors of a Satyr to the moral feeling of a landscape’. By comparison, Turner (a year older) thought of himself as continuing the great European tradition, treating landscape as grandly as if it were history painting.
But in a quite different way he, too, was technically extremely adventurous. By the age of 25 Turner had developed watercolour into a new medium, capable of much the same expressive power as oils, and he used it to paint grand historical subjects too. The large watercolour views he made in North Wales in 1798 are among the great landscapes of European art. He would have been a major master if he had died in 1800. But he lived another half-century, constantly expanding the technical range of his work.
He kept his methods to himself and people were correspondingly keen to find out how he did it, whether in oil or in watercolour. He was seen as a wizard in both media, and there are excited reports from lucky witnesses of his procedures. A boy who was allowed to watch him painting a watercolour of a huge battleship (from memory) told his family: ‘He began by pouring wet paint until it was saturated, he tore, he scratched, he scrubbed at it in a kind of frenzy and the whole thing was chaos – but gradually and as if by magic the lovely ship, with all its exquisite minutia, came into being…’
Much later in his life he took to performing these kinds of transformation scenes in public, or at least in front of his fellow academicians, who crowded around (while pretending not to look), on the ‘varnishing days’ before the annual exhibition opened, rather like the audience gathered around Wright of Derby’s scientist (or conjuror?) with his air pump, or the visitors to De Loutherbourg’s Eidophusikon. In 1835, Turner submitted one of his two spectacular treatments of The Burning of the Houses of Lords and Commons, and a fellow academician reported: ‘…the picture when sent in was a mere dab of several colours, and without form and void, like chaos before the creation…since he began in the morning — he never ceased to work, or even once looked or turned from the wall on which his picture hung…A small box of colours, a very few small brushes, and a vial or two, were at his feet, very inconveniently placed… In one part of the mysterious proceedings Turner, who worked almost entirely with his palette knife, was observed to be rolling and spreading a lump of half-transparent stuff over his picture, the size of a finger in length and thickness…presently the work was finished: Turner gathered up his tools together, put them into and shut up the box, and then, with his face still turned to the wall, and at the same distance from it, went sideling [sic] off, without speaking a word to anybody…All looked with a half-wondering smile, and Maclise, who stood near, remarked, “There, that’s masterly, he does not stop to look at his work; he knows it is done, and he is off.”’
Turner transformed his own paintings into performance art but, as we have seen, that was exactly in the spirit of the times. | <urn:uuid:eb981582-30ec-4d12-834a-a1bb30db7061> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://engelsbergideas.com/essays/the-eighteenth-century-technological-awakening-of-artist-adventurers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.982709 | 3,288 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Nspcc is providing help and support for children who are in poverty or in danger and make a difference for all children. UK is registered with Nspcc and gets help for children who are in the country. They provide service, advice, support, campaigning and education activities for children. The NSPCC's local services will concentrate on important issues and groups of children most at risk:
• those who experience neglect
• physical abuse in high-risk families (those families with violent adults, alcohol and drug abuse and mental health issues)
• those who experience sexual …show more content…
Service for disabled children
Keep children safe from accidents
Our setting will work with the children, parents/carer’s and the community to ensure the rights and safety of children and to give them the very best start in life. Our safe guarding policy is based on the three key commitment of the pre-school learning alliance safeguarding children policy and EYFS key themes and commitment. They are positive relationships, unique children, learning and development in an enabling environment.
In the setting, we ensure to encourage children and give them understanding of wider concepts of safeguarding such as road safety
How to cross the roads, the road safety signs and when and where to cross the roads. For example, cross through zebra crossing.
In the setting, we explain to children that without adults, they do not leave the setting. They are always going out with parents or teachers.
Based on children’s age, their interests are different such as toddlers like to explore more than babies. So parents/carers have to pay more attention. Explain clearly such as we are not using any tablet without permission. So if they see a tablet they will bring it to you. Children are clever and they learn | <urn:uuid:4c35c630-ef1f-449e-bbc5-2022584791e0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.educationindex.com/essay/Cyp-3-3-FKD9L744Z | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963252 | 375 | 3.28125 | 3 |
[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Elin Öberg Mårtenzon will give a keynote presentation about Tengai, a social interview robot, during the Recruitment Tech Event 2019. According to Elin, Chief Innovation Officer at TNG, Tengai is the solution to the fact that the human brain needs technical tools to find hidden talent and predict future potential. In 2019, Tengai will be on show in the Netherlands at the Recruitment Tech Event on 21 November next.
Social interview robot
With a length of 41 cm and a weight of 3.5 kg, Tengai sits at eye level at a table directly opposite the candidate she is going to interview. Her glowing yellow face tilts slightly to the side. Then she blinks and smiles lightly when she asks her first question: “Have you ever been interviewed by a robot before?”.
Tengai is the brainchild of Furhat Robotics, a company in the field of artificial intelligence (A.I.) and social robotics, born from a research project at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm. For the past four years, the company has been working on a human-like computer interface that mimics our way of speaking and our subtle facial expressions. The idea, says lead scientist Gabriel Skantze, is that “it feels much less scary or strange compared to a more traditional robot”.
Since October 2018, the start-up has been working with TNG, one of Sweden’s largest recruitment agencies. The aim is to offer candidates interviews that are free from the unconscious prejudices that managers and recruiters can often bring to the recruitment process, while the experience still seems “human”.
About Elin Öberg Mårtenzon
Elin Öberg Mårtenzon is Chief Innovation Officer at the progressive recruitment agency TNG. Elin has 15 years of experience working with HR and recruitment strategies in both sales and marketing. She is a visionary and a recruitment pioneer, driven by change management and improving and innovating the HR and recruitment field. As an advisor, Elin worked for leading organisations and challenged them to change the prevailing thinking on recruitment and the future field of work. With a background in the IT recruitment industry in Sweden, she has served as a director for both global players and startups.
[/vc_column_text][vc_btn title=”More information about Recruitment Tech Event 2019″ shape=”square” color=”green” align=”center” button_block=”true” link=”url:https%3A%2F%2Fwww.recruitmenttech.com%2Fevent%2F|||”][/vc_column][/vc_row] | <urn:uuid:de9f61ef-1966-4c6f-b3c8-646f8411ea3a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.recruitmenttech.com/rte19-keynote-elin-oberg-martenzon-tng-on-social-interview-robot-tengai/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.933257 | 595 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Bingara was given a big mention in a recent issue of The Land arising out of Warialda’s efforts to attract settlers to the town.
Columnist, Jennifer Marohasy contacted Gwydir Shire Council’s General Manager, Max Eastcott to ask him how he thought places like Warialda would welcome newcomers and whether he thought country people would be averse to suggestions of an increasing population for Australia.
Part of his response was incorporated into her article entitled “Think big: rural areas have room” which appeared in the July 8 issue.
The article said “Australia’s new Prime Minister, Julia Gillard, has explained that she is not in favour of a “big Australia”, at least in part because residents of Western Sydney don’t believe there is much extra capacity in Australia. “That’s Ms Gillard’s opinion, or perhaps a snippet from Labor party polling. In fact, I doubt Ms Gillard has ever spent much time in Western Sydney. And it is my experience that the further west you travel the more likely Australians are to welcome new residents.
“Consider Warialda and Bingara in the North West. These towns are crying out for people and could double in size without the need for investment in significant new water, sewerage and other infrastructure because existing services were designed with a redundant capacity which has widened with the slow movement of people away from the area.
“The shire’s General Manager, Max Eastcott, would like to see the new Prime Minister commission a study of the redundant capacity that exists right across rural Australia. He believes the figure would shock many people. It is Mr Eastcott’s opinion that the gradual shift of the population to cities has created the illusion that his is an impoverished area – but it is not.”
Ms Marohasy went on to say that “Instead of Ms Gillard reinforcing stereotypes and always appealing to “working Australians” as though we are best defined by the length of the hours we spend at work, I suggest a new more optimistic, holistic and realistic dialogue that includes all the potential lying not just west of Sydney but west of the Great Dividing Range.”
What Ms Marohasy did not include in the article are Mr Eastcott’s view that “I believe Warialda and Bingara could both double in size (1200 to 2000) without the need to heavily invest in infrastructure. Of course additional housing stock would be required.
The gradual shift of the population has created an illusion that the rural areas are impoverished. Of course, this quite nonsensical in many respects. If you allow for seasonal variations due to drought etc the rural community is far more productive now but it requires a different mix of employment types.
For example both Warialda and Bingara need tradesmen (Plumbers, Electricians, Builders) with the limited supply of existing tradesmen simply creating a vehicle for genuine super profits.
Employment opportunities will be seen, perhaps, as a hindrance but increasing populations do create their own levels of increased employment in the service and public sectors.
How do we make any substantial movement of people to the bush happen? It really only requires political will. Each family that can be relocated from Sydney to a rural community, for example, would result in a substantial infrastructure saving dividend for the State/Federal Governments.
A percentage of this nominal saving could be allocated to provide incentives and to promote widely the potential of moving. Also the onerous planning requirements that may be relevant for Sydney and coastal communities could be relaxed west of the Dividing Range – one rule does not fit all – especially making rezonings to promote industrial development easier and less time consuming.
The Federal Government could offer distinct tax advantages to residents and immigrants who choose to relocate to a rural area. The State Government could eliminate payroll tax for firms operating west of the Divide, electricity could be subsidized and so on.
It doesn’t take much to create an incentive based program – only imagination.” The city press has not picked up the story as yet. | <urn:uuid:ba9784ee-ac2d-45c3-802b-476abb893868> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bingara.com.au/great-potential-for-population-growth-beyond-the-great-dividing-range/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961239 | 852 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Music - A2003
Do you see a future in composition or performance? Are you passionate about music technology or drawn to exploring the nature of music as culture? Then the Bachelor of Music is for you. In this course you’ll develop new skills, knowledge and understandings of how to work with music and the performing arts in an increasingly digital world. You’ll study with accomplished teaching staff, access a curriculum full of performance opportunities and build your international networks. Upon graduating you’ll be ready to work in a wide range of roles across the music industry and beyond.
What is a Bachelor of Music?
The Bachelor of Music enables you to master technical and performance skills and develop specialised knowledge in your chosen practice. During your studies, you’ll learn and collaborate with the world’s leading musicians and be supported by our network of world-renowned academics at the Sir Zelman Cowen School of Music and Performance. Engaging with the historical, creative, technical and cultural aspects of music, you’ll broaden your perspectives on music in the world and lay the foundations for a rewarding career in music.
Why choose Music at Monash?
As one of the world’s top 1% universities and Australia’s largest international university, Monash is the perfect foundation for your music degree. Consistently ranked among the best music schools in Australia, the Sir Zelman Cowen School of Music and Performance at Monash University has connected people with music for more than 50 years. It continues to produce dynamic and creative national and international soloists, ensemble performers, composers, songwriters, teachers, creative music technology specialists and music researchers.
Choice of three specialisations
Choose a specialisation based on your career goals and interests:
- Composition and Music Technology: Establish skills for acoustic and electronic instruments, songwriting and music for other media such as film and video games.
- Music Performance (Classical or Jazz and Improvisation): Develop professional performance skills in solo and collaborative instrumental/vocal performance through individually tailored one-to-one tuition with renowned performers, small ensembles, creative workshops and performance opportunities.
- Popular Music: Acquire practical performance skills and stagecraft and learn how to apply songwriting and music production skills to a variety of performance styles and contexts representative of the popular music industry.
A double degree takes two years less to complete than if you studied the courses separately, so not only do you save time, but you also diversify your skillset, create variety in your studies, broaden your networks, open up more job opportunities, and meet a wide range of people.
You can combine the Bachelor of Music with another degree (double degree) such as Arts, Commerce, Education, Law, or Science. Our Bachelor of Education (Honours) and Bachelor of Music gives you Victorian Institute of Teaching (VIT) registration in only four years, allowing you to teach straight away. See our full range of Bachelor of Music double degrees.
Diverse performance opportunities
Monash is renowned for its performance opportunities and we have a diverse range of small and large ensembles, including piano ensembles, choral groups (music theatre, contemporary and classical), electronic laptop, new music, chamber orchestra, big band, funk, pop, Latin jazz, as well as the Monash Art Ensemble and the Monash Academy Orchestra .
Tailored teaching from leading industry professionals
All our teaching staff are accomplished and experienced performers across a range of contexts in the music and performing arts industries, so they will give you the tailored, individualised feedback and guidance to develop essential performance skills for your career. Find out more about Sir Zelman Cowen School of Music and Performance teachers.
Global music industry connections
The Monash Bachelor of Music connects you with the world’s leading musicians including studying with international visiting artists and researchers. For example in 2021 students worked with Canadian jazz trumpeter Ingrid Jensen and India-based Grammy-award winning environmentalist, composer and performer Ricky Kej as part of the Global Prestige Artist series. Students have also participated in workshops with some of the world’s leading composers including Vanessa Perica, Nico Muhly and Ross Edwards. In 2019, our students also had the opportunity to perform with Afghanistan’s all-female Zohra Orchestra and the Afghanistan National Institute of Music (ANIM) to mark the 50th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Australia and Afghanistan.
As a Bachelor of Music student, you’ll have access to the award-winning Global Immersion Guarantee - an opportunity to spend two weeks studying in India, Indonesia, Italy, Malaysia or the Pacific Islands. There are also opportunities to travel to Prato, Italy, to explore the ways Arts leads to social and cultural change and addresses the global challenges of our times including climate change, geo-political insecurity and thriving communities. You may also undertake ‘On Country’ experiences in Australia for immersive music performance programs or be part of our extensive overseas study programs.
Internships and work experience
Our partnership with Melbourne Fringe provides opportunities for internships, performance productions and one-to-one career guidance. With an ongoing focus on industry and professional career development, you’ll also have opportunities to engage with the Melbourne International Jazz Festival, Yamaha Music Australia, Women’s Jazz Festival, Music Aviva, and the Melbourne Electronic Sound Studio. Learn more about Arts Work Integrated Learning.
World-class Digital Hub
The Sir Zelman Cowen School of Music and Performance holds state-of-the-art technology housed in the Monash University Music Digital Hub. The Digital Hub is a creative, multi-functional learning facility that gives students access to the latest recording and production technology as well as industry leading equipment and software. The Hub enables audio-visual streaming with influential artists from around the world, globalising your learning experience.
Scholarships and grants
Monash is committed to educating and empowering music leaders who will generate social or cultural change. We have a number of scholarships and funding opportunities that are designed to support you throughout your studies. See the full list of music scholarships and prizes.
Jobs with a Music degree?
The Bachelor of Music gives you the opportunity of having very fulfilling and culturally enriching careers in the future. On completion of the course, you’ll be ready to work in an exciting range of professions and fields, including: performing, composing, music writing, music journalism, festival management, marketing, artist management, producing, publishing, editing, audio engineering, conducting, music therapy, radio presenting, and much more.
Our graduates go on to a vast range of careers in music. Take a look at some of our Bachelor of Music alumni journeys.
Connect with us
At a glance
|English||Maths||Sciences / Other|
|First Semester (February), Second Semester (July - only for Performance (Jazz and Improvisation and Classical)|
|Bachelor of Music| | <urn:uuid:d8ee2578-e246-4529-b67d-4b084978a9d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.monash.edu/study/courses/find-a-course/2023/music-a2003 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.926192 | 1,496 | 1.898438 | 2 |
By Martin Santa and Jan Strupczewski
International inspectors are set to put on hold a trip to Athens because they have been unable to bridge differences with Greece over how to close a 2 billion euro ($2.7 billion) hole in its 2014 budget, euro zone officials said.
A team of officials from the IMF, the European Commission and the European Central Bank – known as the Troika – visits Athens regularly to check progress on its bailout commitments and decide whether to release the next tranche of loans.
“There are growing differences between Athens and the Troika,” one euro zone official said, adding that the planned trip was, for now, on ice.
“The Greeks are saying: ‘We are doing enough’, and the Troika says they need new steps to close the budget,” he said.
Carlos Martin Ruiz de Gordejuela, the European Commission’s spokesman in Athens, said: “The Troika will be in a position to resume the review mission in Athens once sufficient information has been received from the Greek authorities to permit us to hold meaningful policy discussions in person.” He said if this happened, a return in early November would be feasible.
Greek government officials said they were expecting the inspectors to come next week as scheduled,
Greece has been kept afloat by a financial lifeline from the euro zone and the International Monetary Fund since 2010, with 240 billion euros ($330.5 billion) of loans pledged in exchange for spending cuts and reforms.
After a six-year recession that wiped out 40 percent of household disposable incomes and sent unemployment soaring to almost 28 percent, Greeks are saying they can take no more.
The coalition government argues it deserves some slack after delivering the biggest budget deficit reduction ever recorded in the euro zone. Greece’s president said bluntly his country would not yield to pressure from foreign lenders to impose more austerity.
“No one is going because no one wants them (the Troika) there,” a second euro zone official said.
MEASURE FOR MEASURE
Greek Finance Minister Yannis Stournaras has rejected any new tax increases and across-the-board wage or pension cuts but said there was instead scope for “targeted” spending cuts and “structural measures” to plug any fiscal gaps.
Since the decision was made in mid-2012, by EU leaders led by Germany, that Greece must remain part of the euro zone, the assumption has been that any disagreements will be solved.
“The Troika is talking about 2 billion euros. Greece is talking about closing all of that through better control of social security contributions. They say no more measures,” a senior euro zone official said.
“The solution is new measures. It will of course happen. It is a matter of miscommunication to their own public.”
The first euro zone official said there was still time to sort things out because Greece would only really need the money from the next tranche of loans in February.
According to one source close to the talks, the Troika has yet to be convinced that Athens can deliver on a series of reforms it had promised to implement by end-September. It needs to complete these so-called “prior actions” to qualify for its next scheduled bailout instalment of over 1 billion euros.
Greece and its lenders are particularly at odds over the future of LARCO, Hellenic Vehicle Industry and Hellenic Defence Systems, three loss-making state companies with 2,100 workers which cost taxpayers about 150 million euros a year.
The government has yet to prepare its two biggest water companies, EYDAP and Thessaloniki Water, for privatisation by settling all the arrears that municipalities owe them.
And it must also convince lenders it will meet a target to put 12,500 civil servants in a so-called “mobility scheme” of forced transfers or dismissals and fire another 4,000 by the end of the year.
The target for Athens is a primary surplus of 1.6 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) for next year. The government believes it could fall short by just 500 million euros, rather than the 2 billion predicted by the Troika.
The Greek parliament’s budget office, whose role is largely advisory and whose opinion is not binding, said in a report on Thursday: “It remains open whether Greece next year will achieve a ‘primary budget surplus’, such as the one agreed in the medium-term bailout plan.”
Greek authorities say a growing economy is the only way to reduce the country’s debt, which stands at about 320 billion euros or 175 percent of its GDP. The Troika holds almost 80 percent of that debt. | <urn:uuid:d08737c1-6309-4100-a4b2-f394b789e1c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cyprus-mail.com/2013/10/31/troika-put-return-greek-visit-on-ice-due-to-budget-hole/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.959674 | 996 | 1.546875 | 2 |
THURSDAY, Dec. 18, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Few people know how to properly use the medical devices that contain lifesaving medications for severe allergic reactions and asthma attacks, a new study shows.
Just 16 percent knew the correct way to use an epinephrine injector for someone with a life-threatening allergy. And only 7 percent knew how to use an asthma inhaler as directed.
"This isn't a new concern. We always worry about our patients, especially those with food allergies," said one of the study's authors, Dr. Aasia Ghazi, from the Allergy and Asthma Specialists of Dallas.
"We had a patient call in the middle of a reaction, and she didn't remember how to use the epinephrine injector. That's why we looked to see what's going on, and what are the barriers that keep patients from using these devices properly?" Ghazi explained.
The study was published online Dec. 18 in the Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology.
A life-threatening allergic reaction is known as anaphylaxis. The incidence of anaphylaxis is rising, according to background information in the study. A shot of epinephrine -- a stimulating hormone -- into a muscle can stop anaphylaxis, according to the study authors.
"A life can be saved with an epinephrine injection. It's a big deal," said Ghazi.
Asthma inhalers can be used to deliver medicine to stop an asthma attack, or they can deliver preventive medications that help stop asthma attacks from occurring. They can be used alone or along with an additional device called a spacer. Spacers are chambers that temporarily hold the medication, which can be especially helpful when giving medication to children, according to the American Lung Association.
Misuse of asthma inhalers or spacers can lead to too little medicine being used. That means symptoms might not be treated properly. It can also lead to overuse of medication, according to background information in the study.
Ghazi and her colleagues recruited 102 patients prescribed epinephrine and 44 prescribed asthma inhalers or spacers for the study. Eleven percent of those prescribed epinephrine had used the device before. Eighty percent of those with asthma reported having used an inhaler -- also called a metered-dose inhaler, or MDI -- or a spacer before, the researchers said.
The study volunteers demonstrated how to use a device to the researchers.
Of the 84 percent who misused the epinephrine, more than half missed three or more steps involved in the correct use of the device. The most common error was not leaving the shot in for 10 seconds.
"We instruct patients to leave the unit in place for 10 seconds to make sure 100 percent of the medication is injected," Ghazi said.
Of the 93 percent who misused asthma inhalers or spacers, 63 percent missed three or more steps. The most common mistake was not exhaling before depressing the canister to inhale the medication, according to the study.
Time appeared to be a significant factor in patients' memories. For those prescribed epinephrine injectors within a year, 10 percent had perfect use. If they had the device for one to five years, just 5 percent had perfect use. If someone had been given the device five years prior, perfect use dropped to just 1 percent, the study found.
"This study really drives home the need to reinforce the use of these devices every time a patient comes in," said Dr. Jennifer Appleyard, chief of allergy and immunology at St. John Providence Health System in Detroit. "And, it's not enough to just give instructions. People need to show me how they use the device," she added.
Appleyard, who was not involved with the study, said that epinephrine injectors come in kits that have training devices. She also suggested practicing with expired devices by injecting a piece of fruit, such as an orange. "It's important to feel comfortable with the injector. Everyone needs to practice," Appleyard said.
Some devices have instructions written on them, and others will talk you through the steps, according to Ghazi.
Both experts said if your doctor hasn't shown you how to use your medical devices, you need to speak up. "Talk to your caregiver, and make sure you're getting instructions whenever you visit. Make sure you're getting it right, and clarify any doubts you have," Ghazi said.
SOURCES: Aasia Ghazi, M.D., Allergy and Asthma Specialists of Dallas, and adjunct assistant professor, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas; Jennifer Appleyard, chief of allergy and immunology, St. John Providence Health System, Detroit; Dec. 18, 2014, Annals of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, online
Copyright © 2014 HealthDay. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:9c36c49c-9039-4454-8eca-b298b6b2f448> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.healthywomen.org/content/article/are-you-using-allergy-medications-correctly | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958193 | 1,023 | 3.125 | 3 |
Connnect 4 in a Row : Ants and Spiders Edition
Make learning fun with classic games which help get kids attention. This simple game helps them engage with learning concepts and ideas away from the screen.
4 in a row is a classic game that everyone can play, the game provides a simple strategy that helps kids look for patterns and think ahead by planning their next move whilst they take it in turn to place their coloured discs aiming to get 4 in a row.
This simple game is completely printable and helps children learn by:
- Counting and grouping
- Boosting strategic thinking which improves cognitive skills
- Creates a quick-thinking mindset
- Helps kids think about problem solving | <urn:uuid:ae25f171-976b-4947-96c1-7ffc1f1c7a21> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://myscene.academy/product/connnect-4-in-a-row-ants-and-spiders-edition/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95409 | 143 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Blind nasogastric tube advancement following
Background: Esophagectomy remains the primary curative treatment for esophageal
cancer. Postoperatively, surgeons routinely drain the gastric conduit with a nasogastric tube
(NGT). This tube is removed after the anastomosis is thought to have healed. Occasionally,
patients require replacement of the NGT. Many surgeons are hesitant to place an NGT
blindly due to perceived risk of harm to the anastomosis or gastric conduit. Our investigation
was carried out to clarify whether the concern of blind NGT placement is justified.
Methods: In phase one, a porcine model of an Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy with a stapled
end to side anastomosis was constructed and placed within a thorax model. Nasogastric
tube advancement followed by endoscopy with water submersion was conducted to assess
for damage or anastomotic leak. The second phase assessed clinical outcomes of minimally
invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy with mechanical end to side anastomosis in patients
who underwent blind NGT placement at the conclusion of their procedure.
Results: No mucosal injuries, anastomotic leaks or perforations were observed in the
model. No injuries were identified to the gastric conduit staple line. Intermittent catching or
curling at the anastomosis occasionally occurred but never resulted in injury. Leak test with
endoscopic insufflation was negative. Sixty-seven post-esophagectomy patients at a single
institution between January 2013 and December 2015 were included in the second phase of
our study. Anastomotic leak occurred in four (6%) patients. No gastric leaks, and no gastric
tip necrosis occurred. One (1.5%) mortality occurred.
Conclusions: Blind NGT placement did not harm the gastric staple line or cause mucosal
injury in the esophagectomy model. No significant anastomotic leaks or gastric conduit
leaks were identified in the clinical series. Blind NGT placement following stapled end to
side intrathoracic anastomosis is safe and appropriate following esophagectomy. | <urn:uuid:174e5f53-400c-48c3-bc96-4811ae7cbd78> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://medcraveonline.com/blog/2022/01/12/blind-nasogastric-tube-advancement-followingesophagectomy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.925036 | 480 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Autonomous Shopping By AI
Updated: Jul 18
Shops with no staff, no checkout, and lines looked like a distant dream a few years ago, but they're on the verge of becoming ijooz new reality in the retail world. Independent retail (as well as technology advancements to manage such businesses) sprung off like mushrooms in an open field when the pandemic broke out.
The phrase "autonomous retail" is used to describe the labor-light, a technology-heavy retail sector that includes the following approaches:
The 'just-walk-out' stores, where customers take what they want from the shelves and go without paying for it. Only a smartphone and the shop app are required for customers to use the store's services. Unmanned shelves or "scan and go" stores, where customers must scan their purchases, pay at a self-service gadget, and then walk out of the store.
The retail market has been shaken to its core:
It has been a long time since shops have attempted to alleviate the checkout process's annoyance. No solution has yet been found that satisfies the retailer and the customer, no matter how many registers are opened or self-service systems are implemented.
Simply put, the checkout process has been thrown out the window with the introduction of checkout-free technology, which eliminates the complete, time-consuming payment process. This marks the end of the Holy Grail hunt for retailers and customers.
Customers' preferences and daily lives are practically unrecognizable compared to five years ago. The on-the-go lifestyle has affected everything from Apple Pay and Google Play to contactless payments and everything in between. A long checkout line and other in-store hassles squander time even if ijooz need the goods. The crisis forced us to change every element of our daily lives, including our behavior. Customers seek convenience and safety from vendors.
The leading shops have introduced "just-walk-out" or "scan & go" checkout globally. Retailers such as Walmart and Carrefour have seen fast growth since the outbreak because they reflect a new way of life that consumers are embracing more widely. There is more to this new business model than just flash and splendor.
It's challenging to overlook the benefits of self-service retailing:
Without having to wait in line, it's quicker and safer for customers. This 24-hour contactless shopping experience is convenient. For others, it's an opportunity to avoid commuting long distances to get necessities.
It minimizes operational and labor costs for merchants. It is more profitable because the store is open 24 hours a day. It allows for more access to customer information and in-store behavior. Every motion is recorded and traced thanks to cameras and video analysis. There are many other benefits for retailers, such as freeing up resources for stock management and customer service.
Is it possible that automation will eventually take over?
An automated store's economics is still in doubt because of the decreased product selection, high renting costs, and significant technological expenditures required. At this point, personnel still need to perform manual chores like refilling merchandise in unstaffed businesses.
For now, ijooz can expect further retail testing, but it is unlikely that a large-scale rollout will occur soon. Retailers who automate their processes, on the other hand, get an advantage over their competition. | <urn:uuid:ec73e9a8-0a6c-4823-a454-442e3d6f8b1e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ijooz.com/post/autonomous-shopping-by-ai | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950318 | 697 | 1.914063 | 2 |
What is Zerg Rush?
Zerg Rush is a term used in several real-time strategy (RTS) games to describe an overpowering attack by a player against their opponent, usually early in the game. This term was popularized by 'StarCraft'. The Zerg, the most famous playable race in the game, has the ability to quickly and quickly produce small and cheap offensive units called Zerglings that allow the player to overwhelm their opponents very early in the game.
The term zerg rush continued to spread and was first defined and registered in the Urban Dictionary on December 25, 2004. Encyclopedia Dramatica also showed other situations that portrayed the term. It is now used to describe any situation in a game where a small group of stronger units or players is overwhelmed by sheer numbers of weaker ones.
As its popularity grew, Google has created a playable Easter egg that is activated by typing 'zerg rush' in the search bar. When search is enabled, all of the letters O in the word Google will begin to devour all search results if not clicked immediately. When all the results are eaten, a scoreboard counts the player's score, which can be published on Google+. | <urn:uuid:e14792c3-d51e-410b-b9f2-99d081dca662> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.betriebswirtschaft-lernen.net/en/explanation/zerg-rush/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.972243 | 240 | 2.140625 | 2 |
A nose on the floor has significant consequences
John Robertson is a level two sculpture student at OCA. John showed promise as a boy making 3D objects and a teacher recognized this and gave him the materials to start a carving project. John worked after school to chip away at the block provided and produced a carving he was proud off after two weeks of dedicated input. Unfortunately, at the last minute, he accidentally chipped the nose off the sculpture he had made, and in his eyes, it was ruined. He felt so crushed about this that, he says, it took him 50 years to recover and pick up a chisel again. He clearly has talent, and did well in his recent assessment. Having produced several sizeable sculptures, he drove them to OCA HQ all the way from Dumfries for the assessment. We grabbed him then to talk about his work. Listen to him talking about it here.
It’s interesting comparing what he says with his tutor’s (Jim Unsworth) reflections on his work. Listen to the tutor reviewing the work produced. | <urn:uuid:4afbd950-6c08-4ddf-89bb-320ddd71ed05> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oca.ac.uk/weareoca/fine-art/many-perspectives-a-student-talks-about-his-sculptures-and-his-tutor-adds-another-view/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.991976 | 218 | 1.929688 | 2 |
the spectacular Forest Park. Upon entering St. Johns there is a conspicuously placed sign in the traffic median. The sign says, "Welcome to the Peninsula, Gateway to Nature". Sightings of Bald Eagles and other birds of prey are common. It is also the farthest north of any bridge on the Willamette. The campus is located in the University Park (University Park, Portland, Oregon) neighborhood near St. Johns (St. Johns, Portland, Oregon), on a bluff overlooking the Willamette River. With a college of arts and sciences; a graduate school; and schools of business, education, engineering, and nursing, it is the only comprehensive Catholic University in Oregon. Oregon Encyclopedia Oregon Encyclopedia article on University of Portland It is the largest corporation in North Portland and has an annual economic impact on Portland of some $170 million. More than 13,000 alumni live in the Portland metropolitan area. Three shipyards were located across the Columbia River from each other at Ryan Point in Vancouver, Washington and in the St. Johns (St. Johns, Portland, Oregon) area of Portland, Oregon (Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation), and at Swan Island (Swan Island (Oregon)) in Portland.
Earth on July 7, 2007 at Wembley Stadium, London. will.i.am performed a new song, "Help Us Out", at the event, which is now on his album, ''Songs About Girls'', as "S.O.S. (Mother Nature)". They headlined the main Ocean Stage at the Summer Sonic Festival in Tokyo, Japan on August 11, and Osaka, Japan on August 12, 2007. The act consisted of the band performing their hits, as well as Fergie singing solo tracks from ''The Dutchess''. will.i.am again sang songs
, about our ancient region and its unique nature "the father of history" Herodotus in the first systematic description wrote of Scythians life who lived in due time on coast of Azov. Complexity of natural medical factors: a climate, the sea, medical mud and mineral water, and also a variety of flora and fauna (more than 4200 kinds of plants and animals), – give to rest unique colour. One of medical factors is mineral underground waters (sodium chloride and iodide-bromine
and age 1940 02 02 1874 02 09 df y In May 1857 Leskov moved with his family to Raiskoye village in Penza Governorate where the Scotts were based, and later that month embarked upon his first business trip, involving the transportation of the Oryol-based serfs of Count Perovsky to the Southern Russian steppes, not entirely successfully, as he later described in his autobiographical short story "The Product of Nature".
with Madonna on her videos for "Justify My Love" (1990), "Human Nature (Human Nature (Madonna song))" (1995), "Love Don't Live Here Anymore" (1996), "Don't Tell Me (Don't Tell Me (Madonna song))" (2000) and "Hollywood (Hollywood (Madonna song))" (2003). The video was shot in October 1986 and was released in December 1986. It was produced by David Naylor.
the paramilitary revolutionary group, ''Narodnaya Volya (Narodnaya Volya (organization))''. He was briefly exiled to Tula (Tula, Russia). He resumed his medical studies at the University of Kharkiv (Ukraine), where he became involved in revolutionary activities and published his "Brief course of economic science" in 1897. In 1899, he graduated as a medical doctor, and published his next work, "Basic elements of the historical perspective on nature". He was arrested by the Tsar's police, spent six months in prison, and was exiled to Vologda. page 118, accessed: 14 November 2008 ** Transliteration: V Tulu so svoim samovarom (ne yezdyat). ** Translation: (Do not come) to Tula (w:Tula, Russia) with your own samovar (w:Samovar). ** Swedish equivalent: Do not cross the brook for water.
—are scattered around the city. *The Yeongdong Line and Taebaek Line to Gangneung, in Gangwon (Gangwon-do (South Korea)) Province; *The Jungang Line to Andong in North Gyeongsang Province
: www.longyearbyen-camping.com email address lat 78.249181 long 15.499180 directions Near the airport, 4 km outside Longyearbyen) phone +47-79021444 tollfree fax price checkin checkout content .Promises an "intensive experience of nature" at the northernmost full-service campsite in the world. Stays per night start at 100 kr, not including tent rental (NOK100 day) or even warm showers (NOK10 5 min). The site is open all year round, but the service building (showers and toilets) is open only during the summer. Visitors traveling to Svalbard outside of the high season (end of June until September) will be permitted to use the campsite free of charge, but must bring their own provisions and equipment. If your plans include trekking in Svalbard, the camping site is an excellent place to meet fellow trekkers, seek advice or maybe even join a larger group. Mid-range A number of guesthouses and homestays offer basic accommodation. Read the small print carefully, as you're often charged extra for breakfast, linens, towels and perhaps even use of the bathtub! * Commons:Category:Longyearbyen
of his rather lonely childhood (despite the continual presence of five brothers and three sisters). In fact, there were only three people Merezhkovsky had any affinity with in his whole lifetime, and his mother, a woman "of rare beauty and angelic nature" according to a biographer, was the first and the most important of them. ''Zobnin, Yuri''. The Life and Deeds of Dmitry Merezhkovsky. 2008 ''Ю. В. Зобнин''. Дмитрий Мережковский: жизнь и деяния. Москва. — Молодая гвардия. 2008. Жизнь замечательных людей; Вып. 1291 (1091). ISBN 978-5-235-03072-5… р.15–16 A member of a noble family, he was educated at the Nicholas Staff College, entered the army in 1847, and distinguished himself in the Crimean War and in the Caucasus. After serving as divisional Chief of Staff in Poland, he went to Orenburg in 1858 as assistant to the commander of the line of the Syr-Darya, and the following year commanded an expedition to support the Kazakh (Kazakhs) tribes on the borders of the Aral Sea against the Khanate of Khiva. He did duty on the staff of the Army of the Caucasus for a time, and returned to Orenburg as Chief of Staff. Construction history The idea of a railway between Siberia and Russian Turkestan was aired as early as 1886, but it was supplanted by that of a more practicable line (Tashkent Railway) between Tashkent and Orenburg in the Urals. On 15 October 1896 the Verny town (Almaty) duma set up a commission to examine the feasibility of building a Turkestan–Siberia Railway. It was expected that the line would facilitate transport of cotton from Turkestan to Siberia and cheap Siberian grain from Russia to the Fergana Valley. An eastern branch would enhance Russia's military and economic presence on the Chinese border. History In 1882, Selim-Girei Tevkelev who in 1865 was appointed the Mufti of Orenburg turned to and obtained agreement from minister Count Tolstoy (Dmitry Tolstoy) with the requirement for a mosque in St. Petersburg. Saint Petersburg mosque in "Russian Mosques" (English translation), accessed October 2011 In 1906, the Minister formed a special committee headed by Ahun Ataulla Bayazitov to collect 750 000 ruble (Russian ruble)s within 10 years for the construction of the mosque. They organised collections in towns and providences of Russia and received donations from many sponsors. In addition the committee input securities in total amount of 142, 000 rubles and also stamps for mosque's project. The biggest donor was Said Abdoul Ahad, Emir of Bochara (Bukhara) who undertook all expenses for the building. thumb left 200px The inside of one Portal (architecture) portal (Image:Мечеть Санкт-Петербурга. Майолика портала.jpg) Disgraced by emperor Paul (Paul I of Russia) due to the Emperor's misleading courtiers, he was exiled to Kostroma, but later confined to the Peter and Paul Fortress. However, after verifying his innocence, the Emperor awarded him the Commander's Cross of the Order of St.John of Jerusalem. Unfortunately, this also led to his appointment to the ill-fated and ill-conceived Russian expedition to India (Indian March of Paul) in 1800. Although the expedition only reached Orenburg, Platov was promoted to Lieutenant-General and pokhidnii ataman (campaign leader) of the Don Cossacks with a transfer to their HQ at Novocherkask. A notable episode during The Great Game involved a Russian expedition to Khiva in 1839. The nominal purpose of the mission was to free the slaves captured and sold by Turkmen (Turkmens) raiders from the Russian frontiers on the Caspian Sea, but the expedition was also an attempt to extend Russia's borders while the British Empire entangled itself in the First Anglo-Afghan War. The expedition, led by General V.A. Perovsky (Vasily Alekseevich Perovsky), the commander of the Orenburg garrison, consisted of 5,200 infantry, and ten thousand camels. Due to poor planning and a bit of bad luck, they set off in November 1839, into one of the worst winters in memory, and were forced to turn back on 1 February 1840, arriving back into Orenburg in May, having suffered over a thousand casualties. thumb 275px The painter Vasily Vereshchagin (File:У крепостной стены.jpg) was present at the taking of Khiva by Russian forces in 1873. A notable episode during The Great Game involved a Russian expedition to Khiva in 1839. The nominal purpose of the mission was to free the slaves captured and sold by Turkmen (Turkmens) raiders from the Russian frontiers on the Caspian Sea, but the expedition was also an attempt to extend Russia's borders while the British Empire entangled itself in the First Anglo-Afghan War. The expedition, led by General V.A. Perovsky (Vasily Alekseevich Perovsky), the commander of the Orenburg garrison, consisted of 5,200 infantry, and ten thousand camels. Due to poor planning and a bit of bad luck, they set off in November 1839, into one of the worst winters in memory, and were forced to turn back on 1 February 1840, arriving back into Orenburg in May, having suffered over a thousand casualties. thumb 275px The painter Vasily Vereshchagin (File:У крепостной стены.jpg) was present at the taking of Khiva by Russian forces in 1873. thumb Orenburg Cossacks with camels, 19th century. (File:Orenburg cossacks with camels.jpg) In the 17th century rich and high-quality mineral deposits were discovered in the Ural region. First iron and copper smelters were founded by the mid-17th century. The area was recognized by the Russian government as a strategic source of raw materials. More than 60 factories were built in the first half of the 18th century and this number doubled in the 1750–60s. The industrial activity declined in the early 19th century due to the crisis of the feudal system in Russia, and the growth slowed down in all areas except for the gold mining. The largest industrial and commercial centers were Perm, Yekaterinburg, Orenburg, Ufa, Kungur and Irbit. Irbit hosted the biggest fair of the Urals. In the 1840s, regular commercial navigation started on the Kama River. caption birth_place Orenburg, Russia death_place Munich, Germany Saint '''Alexander Schmorell''' (16 September 1917 in Orenburg, Russia; – 13 July 1943 in Munich) was one of five Munich University students who formed a resistance (Widerstand) group known as White Rose (''Weiße Rose'') which was active against Germany's Nazi (Nazism) regime from June 1942 to February 1943. In 2012, he was glorified as a New Martyr by the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia. * '''UWLW''' (ULY) – Vostochny Airport – Ulyanovsk, Russia * '''UWOO''' (REN) – Tsentralny Airport – Orenburg, Russia * '''UWOR''' (OSW) – Orsk Airport – Orsk, Russia From 1809 to 1812 he lived in his estate near Tula (Tula, Russia). In 1812 he formed and then commanded the militia of Nizhny Novgorod, Simbirsk, Kazan, Vyatka (Kirov, Kirov Oblast) and Orenburg governorates. In 1813 he participated in the taking of Dresden and Magdeburg. *Igor Leonidovich Kirrilov (Igor Kirillov) (b. 1932), a Soviet and Russian television presenter and announcer *Ivan Kirillovich Kirillov (-1747), founded Orenburg, involved in the Bashkir War of 1735-40 (Bashkirs) *Mikhail Kirillov (1900–1971), a Russian Soviet actor Theren shold be some major work done to expand articles about major Russian cities. There are only pathetic stubs about such historically, politically and economically vital cities, administrative centers of oblasts with a population of over 500 000 people such as Perm (actually over 1 million people!) Krasnodar, Penza, Lipetsk, Stavropol, Belgorod, Orenburg, Ulyanovsk and Tyumen. As well as capitals of autonomus republics such as Petrozavodsk, Syktyvkar and Makhachkala More information and at least one picture per article should be added. Fisenko (User:Fisenko) 09:17, 7 November 2005 (UTC) :That's why I proposed the creation of the Russian COTW, but people didn't seem to be interested at all. KNewman (User:KNewman) 23:35, 7 November 2005 (UTC) In 1863, the Russian Empire created two administrative districts, the Governor-Generalships in Central Asia of Russian Turkestan (the oasis region to the South of the Kazakh steppes and Zhetysu (Semirechye) region) and that of the Steppe ( modern eastern and northern Kazakhstan including the lands of the Siberian and Semiryechensk Cossask Hosts) with their capital at Omsk. The north-west of Kazakhstan was at the time part of Orenburg gubernia. First Governor-General Gerasim Kolpakovsky of the Steppe region (and all his future successors) was also ataman of Siberian Cossacks symbolizing the important role the Cossacks played in the Russian colonization of Kazakh territories. In 1869 Russian settlers founded the town of Aktobe (Aktyubinsk), in 1879 Kostanay. In the 1860s General Mikhail Chernyayev conquered the only towns that existed in Kazakhstan before the Russian conquest Hazrat-e Turkestan, Taraz and Shymkent that belonged to the Khanate of Kokand. Christianity spread in the predominantly Muslim region together with Russian colonists: the Russian Orthodox Church established a Central Asian bishopric in 1871 with its bishop first residing in Verniy (Almaty) and after 1916 in Tashkent. Christianity spread in the predominantly Muslim region together with Russian colonists: the Russian Orthodox Church established a Central Asian bishopric in 1871 with its bishop first residing in Verniy (Almaty) and after 1916 in Tashkent. In the 1890s, many non-Cossack Russian settlers migrated into the fertile lands of northern and eastern Kazakhstan. In 1906 the Trans-Aral Railway between Orenburg and Tashkent was completed, further facilitating Russian and Ukrainian migration to Central Asia. Between 1906 and 1912, more than half a million Russian farms were started in Kazakhstan as part of the reforms of the Russian minister of the interior Petr Stolypin. - 029 027 '''Orenburg''' Оренбург Orenburg Oblast 549,361 544,987 Wikipedia:Orenburg
* 5 April 2010: A suicide bomber injured three police officers in the town of Karabulak (Karabulak, Republic of Ingushetia). Two officers died at the hospital as a result of their injuries. While investigators arrived on scene, another car bomb was set off by remote. Nobody was hurt in the second blast. | <urn:uuid:99501dfd-920a-4583-8b52-4d5be3bc3dd3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://placesknownfor.com/for/nature/quot | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958756 | 3,821 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Against this backdrop three different news stories appearing in this publication offer a welcome balm. One comprehensive study by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine looking at possible health threats from genetically modified foods found none, looking specifically at concerns about cancer, diabetes, allergies, autism and celiac disease. Next, an influential annual consumer survey found attitudes toward grain-based foods improve dramatically when described as “enriched,” rather than “refined.” And finally, a beleaguered baking industry looks poised to benefit in the year ahead from the largest wheat carryover in decades and resultant weight on prices.
None of these developments erases the difficulties facing the industry as a result of consumer attitudes toward the healthfulness of grain-based foods. Still, the consumer study and the N.A.S. research, which represent commonsense affirmations of what the industry has said all along, should be invigorating and reinforcing for industry leaders. This is particularly so as they contemplate steps toward combating the unfounded negatives that continue to dog grain-based foods. | <urn:uuid:453d66f0-68da-4e2a-8220-b749ffbc762c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bakingbusiness.com/articles/44817-several-trends-turn-in-industry-s-favor | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.949654 | 217 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Today many countries around the world are celebrating the Ephiphany, Three King’s Day or Twelth Night. January 6th marks the offical end to the season’s “Twelve Days of Christmas” (December 25th- January 6th) and the start of Carnival culminating at Mardi Gras. The Epiphany or “revelation” brings with it the promise of renewal and manifestation. It is a celebration of the arrival of the Magi (three Kings) who followed the star to Bethlehem bearing gifts of gold, frankincense and Myrrh to honor the Christ Child and of his baptism by St John.
Many will be partaking of King’s Cake or Gallette des Rois. Traditonally each Galette des Rois comes with its own paper crown and inside one fava bean or figurine of some kind. According to tradition, the oldest cuts the cake, and the youngest sits under the table and designates to whom each piece goes. Whoever gets the bean is designated King or Queen for the day and gets to wear the paper crown.
Will you be King or Queen today?
Whatever your plans I hope you have a lovely weekend. As usual here is the weekend reading list. See you Monday.
Weekend Reading List:
- 10 Things Every Creative Person Must Learn ~ Chase Jarvis
- What Are You Devoted To? ~ A Flourishing Life
- Six Ways to Become More Self-Motivated ~ Dumb Little man
- 30 Books I’m Glad I Read Before 30 ~ Marc and Angel Hack Life
- Speaking of Truth & Friendship ~ The Daily Love
- First Seek Self Approval ~ The Simply Luxurious Life
- The Whole Story: Thoughts Inspired by “50/50” ~ See Emily Play
- The Year in Fashion ~ New York Times
- Why 2012 Will be the Year of the Artist-Entrepreneur ~ Gigaom
Blog: An Afternoon With~ It is a visual (photographic) interview of creative individuals. | <urn:uuid:1da2596b-a600-4221-9494-9b1689e9ac51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dctdesigns.com/tag/galette-des-rois/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.873099 | 423 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Roughly 90 p.c of startups fail earlier than they develop into worthwhile, usually due to a number of fundamental errors. Almost half of those tech firm failures end result from the product not being one thing individuals truly wanted.
Different frequent causes of startup failures embrace working out of cash or staff members who weren’t well-qualified for his or her roles. These stats paint a bleak image of your probabilities for fulfillment. Nonetheless, figuring out the largest traps to keep away from can provide your startup a preventing probability for survival.
1. Give attention to probably the most important options.
Nice startup concepts are sometimes based mostly on fixing one of many founder’s personal ache factors. That is primarily as a result of the founder is the individual finest certified to explain such an answer. Moreover, you’ll be able to carry early adopters on board to assist refine your product’s worth proposition, assuming you’ll find others with the identical ache level.
The method of nailing down the product’s required options and validating its idea is essential to making sure your product roadmap will take you in the fitting path.
Making the fitting decisions is essential to survival at this stage of product improvement, as poor product-market match accounts for 42 p.c of failed startups.
You should be cautious to develop the Minimal Viable Product (MVP). Do that by specializing in simply the options customers want to attain their objectives. For instance, a undertaking administration app must add attachments greater than it wants customized emojis.
2. Get into the weeds of on-line conversations.
When you’ve validated your MVP and utilized a number of iterations of consumer suggestions, you have to launch your product to a broader phase of your goal market.
You’ll be able to nonetheless lose out to a competitor if nobody is aware of about your product, even when it has all the fitting options. As well as, an in depth gross sales staff and advert marketing campaign are often out of the finances for many startups. That is definitely a drawback.
This problem needn’t finish your startup, however it does imply you’ll must do a whole lot of guide promotion.
One frequent technique for selling a startup is to get entangled in on-line conversations with potential clients, which additionally helps you refine your thought. The primary disadvantage with this tactic is that it doesn’t scale properly. Sooner or later, you’ll want to vary your advertising and marketing method as your thought features traction.
3. Lean on buyer suggestions.
Retaining your clients and their issues in thoughts as you develop your product is vital to totally realizing the gross sales objectives in your product. A customer-based answer to an present drawback can create demand in a short time. That is true whether or not it’s a wholly new product or just filling a market hole.
Inexperienced entrepreneurs usually attempt to pursue a tech firm objective with out first growing a technique for attaining it. Nonetheless, the time you put money into market analysis, product improvement, and understanding your clients’ wants will repay in the long term.
You’ll be able to start to consider advertising and marketing your product extra upon getting a marketing strategy, branding, and funding in place. Market analysis ought to at all times be intently tied to your product, whether or not that analysis is formal or casual.
Buyer suggestions and opinions are cheap strategies of conducting market analysis.
That is particularly useful whenever you plan to promote your product by important eCommerce websites like Amazon. These platforms have the mandatory performance constructed into their construction. This makes it simple to search out out what clients take into consideration your product.
4. Promote your product earlier than you make it.
Bringing paying clients on board as shortly as doable is an efficient strategy to keep away from working out of money, particularly with a startup.
Early clients have a monetary stake within the product. They’re usually keen to supply their opinions in change for getting the options they need and are keen to pay for. Discovering out that folks pays for the product you’re planning to construct is considered one of a younger startup’s most vital turning factors.
A number of methods exist for pre-selling an MVP.
You’ll be able to deal with attaining a single consumer objective, which is able to validate the necessity for that function and promote early adoption. You can too mix present merchandise to develop your personal distinctive providing, which helps decrease prices. An alternative choice is to manually carry out the product’s features to know the most effective methods to automate them.
5. Construct an incredible staff and encourage them with the imaginative and prescient.
Constructing the most effective staff you could is crucial for a profitable startup. It’s best to usually deal with accounting, advertising and marketing, and operations, that are elementary for many companies.
Nonetheless, hiring certified employees is especially difficult within the tech trade.
The U.S. at present has a scarcity of software program builders. You could not be capable of discover any with the particular skillset that you simply want. Even when you’ll find somebody with the skillset, you might not be capable of afford the salaries they anticipate.
Use the identical care and enthusiasm to fill every place in your staff. When you’re a tech firm, it’s simple to suppose it is best to splurge on prime expertise for the dev staff. As an alternative, discover somebody with rather less expertise to guide the advertising and marketing aspect of issues.
Nonetheless, this may simply result in points down the highway and fewer success for the corporate total.
Ranging from the highest of the org chart down, every chief must be enamored by the imaginative and prescient and skill to drive that into their staff or division as they construct it out. All departments are essential to have the fitting chief, even when the division is just one or two individuals to start with.
6. Spotlight your MVP to safe funding.
Many entrepreneurs make the error of pondering that funding is step one in beginning a tech firm. Nonetheless, it ought to truly come later on this course of. It’s extra necessary to make sure your thought has a market.
Get your self some early adopters and validate your MVP earlier than acquiring monetary backing.
Scaling up funding for self-serve acquisition and bettering infrastructure might be productive, however beginning massive gross sales and advertising and marketing campaigns too early is a standard reason for failure.
In search of funding after you have already got a validated MVP and paying clients additionally will enable you to compete for investor capital extra efficiently.
7. Anticipate to fail.
The essential significance of velocity when beginning an organization signifies that you’ll make many choices with out in depth research.
A few of these decisions will probably be incorrect, leading to a short lived setback. It’s important to view selections as changeable, making them alternatives for enchancment.
Fast selections are a part of the calculated risk-taking that’s a part of launching a startup, however that doesn’t imply it is best to merely throw cash at a undertaking.
Constructing your personal firm additionally requires you to be pragmatic when making selections. That is very true once they contain assessing your personal weaknesses.
The uncertainty of a unstable market mixed with the unpredictability of a staff poses a considerable danger by itself. Moreover, the complexity and speedy advances of know-how be sure that few tech startups will survive.
However, this truth permits entrepreneurs who use the fitting technique to outcompete these attempting to construct a tech firm the flawed manner.
Hold the following tips in thoughts to have a leg up in your competitors and get your organization began properly.
The submit The right way to Construct a Profitable Tech Firm From the Floor Up appeared first on ReadWrite. | <urn:uuid:309126aa-76a7-481a-8ba7-1226a91beaf2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://readof.com/the-right-way-to-construct-a-profitable-tech-firm-from-the-floor-up/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.943626 | 1,648 | 1.898438 | 2 |
The one time I tried to teach a course explicitly on vocation, I landed right in column B of Catherine Aird’s famous quote from His Burial Too: “If you can’t be a good example, then you’ll just have to be a horrible warning.” The warning I took from my failure was to respect the limits of the physical universe and admit that I can’t teach a decent course in comparative theology while simultaneously doing justice to the literature and themes of vocational studies. On the other hand, it seemed possible to take a micro—or perhaps stealth?—approach to teaching vocation: making small changes that would integrate a vocational perspective into the work the students and I already had to do.
In an essay on “midrange reflection,” Patricia O’Connell Killen writes compellingly and consolingly that it is the “small, incremental changes in [teachers’] practice” that “cumulatively contribute to mastery and excellence while at the same time strengthening the teacher’s sense of vocation and clarity of purpose.” Gradually, if we persist, those small reflective steps “help faculty develop both self-possession and a fluid freedom congruent with their deepest vocational impulses.” Importantly, this kind of ongoing reflection and strategizing requires a sense of play, as “insights emerge, and events are interpreted differently as alternative possible meanings and missed dimensions are confronted.”
So here, especially for others who value vocational formation but can’t squeeze one more text into their courses, are strategies that seem to work—or, it might be better to say, are worth playing with.
Going bold and brief on learning goals. Many of us dutifully include long lists of learning goals (or outcomes) on our all-powerful syllabi. These goals are often carefully crafted by well-intentioned committees; they can tell us a good deal about how an institution sees its vocation; and they’re usually as readable, and as often read, as user agreements for software updates.
It makes sense, then, to follow the lead of Eugene Gallagher: “It can be a helpful exercise for teachers to ask themselves, ‘If students could learn only one thing from this course, what would it be?’ and to build the course from there. Wild optimists might increase the number to three or four” (from his essay on “Teaching Religious Literacy.”)
Our response to this Marie-Kondo-style reflection has a great deal to do with our sense of our individual vocations as teachers. A fun way to clarify teaching goals is the inventory in the classic (for assessment geeks) Classroom Assessment Techniques, 2nd ed. There Thomas A. Angelo and K. Patricia Cross identify six main clusters of learning goals, each of which can contribute to students’ vocations and ground a teacher’s vocation: “higher-order thinking skills,” “basic academic success skills,” “discipline-specific knowledge and skills,” “liberal arts and academic values,” “work and career preparation,” and “personal development.”
Such exercises helped me clarify that discipline-specific knowledge governs most of my daily pedagogical choices (sure, let’s fit in one more video on Islam!), but my underlying commitments lie more in academic values. Then the trick was to let students know. So now I tell students on the first day of class that, while all the goals on the syllabus are important (and, yes, worth reading), the real goal of the course is to make the world a better place. When students write on site-visit logs that they’ve corrected a stereotype, or when they use the chat or classroom discussion to engage an important point in another student’s comment, it’s easy to tell them the world has just gotten better.
A brief, bold, big-picture goal is concise enough to appear throughout the course—the syllabus, class discussions, assignments, feedback. Bold-goal language can also help teachers avoid the (usually) anti-vocational temptation to justify coursework by saying that it will be useful in the workplace someday.
Another way to avoid that temptation is. . .
Using virtue language. Virtues may be the most efficient, multi-tasking way to teach vocation in courses that don’t have time to teach about vocation. Virtues ground many understandings of the good life; they can be practiced in the present as well as cultivated for the future; they’re transferable to every field of study, career, and life choice; they constitute life-composing work that students and teachers share—and in which students may well excel their teachers; and they underlie good academic work, and thus can reward attention even in overburdened courses. Perhaps most importantly, they remind us to value who people are and are called to be, not just what people do or want to have.
The NetVUE collection of essays At This Time and In This Place devotes a section to virtues, in particular magnanimity, prudence, and loyalty. Teachers aiming to incorporate virtues into disciplinary learning might focus on one or more intellectual virtues from the lists compiled by the Intellectual Virtues Academy and the Critical Thinking Community (whose resources require a subscription). Megan Zwart’s Dialogue and Civil Discourse Project focuses on attentiveness, intellectual humility, curiosity, and empathy; my courses in comparative theology tend to emphasize humility, curiosity, and perseverance.
Like bold language for course goals, virtue language can reappear in syllabi, assignments, and rubrics. It can also anchor positive feedback on work that doesn’t meet other course goals: a project doesn’t need a solid thesis to show admirable intellectual curiosity. Virtue language can also help students connect what they practice in class to what they need in other parts of their lives. Here’s a final reflection from an underclass student in a required intro course:
Intellectual humility is a skill that I have tried to work on during this course, which shifts one’s focus from needing to be “right” and “win” to a willingness to fail. By making mistakes and allowing yourself to be vulnerable in your learning, you are more open to new ways of thinking and adapting your beliefs, rather than defending them in order to protect your reputation. I am currently going through a rough breakup, and I find myself using this skill constantly throughout the day, even more than I use it in an academic setting. By allowing myself the vulnerability of being wrong sometimes and owning up to my shortcomings rather than defending my perspective at all costs, I am getting better at being objective and calmly discussing my point of view with other people. It also makes it easier to let go of things I “should have” have said or done and to focus on what to do next. I find that the more I work on this skill, the less often I have heated debates with people regarding politics, academics, or feelings, because there is a reciprocated openness to listening and changing rather than defending one’s own reality.
Teaching students how to learn in this particular discipline and class. It’s a rare game that doesn’t have rules, and most of us can’t play well until we know them. Especially in introductory courses, these basic structures might include the foundational assumptions of a discipline, expectations for conversation, the centrality of self-care, or just what to call other people. Since a typical synchronous course gives us only 37½ hours with our students, it’s often best just to tell students what these basics are; then they can start playing poetry or sociology instead of playing Guess What the Teacher Is Thinking. Even to invite students into a truly democratic classroom, bell hooks and Ron Scapp agree in their dialogue in Teaching to Transgress that they need to “teach about process” and “teach students how to listen, how to hear one another.”
After observing what was happening in my classes when discussion went well, I started teaching a basic hermeneutic process that guides reading, discussion, and some assignments (like logs after site visits). It’s a circle made of several steps:
Step 1: Value and become aware of your unique starting point, including your experiences, feelings, knowledge, biases, and questions.
Step 2. Be honest about your first reactions to what you encounter (“the Other”), even when your reactions reveal prejudices that you may not be proud of (humility can play in here).
Step 3. Realize those first reactions usually tell you more about yourself than about what you’re reacting to, and use the reactions to learn more about yourself.
Step 4a. Then, with your lenses clearer, try to understand the new viewpoint as accurately as possible (curiosity and perseverance are especially helpful here);
Step 4b. then use your own perspective and disciplinary tools to compare, contrast, and bring critical perspectives to bear on what you’ve learned so far, returning to the texts to learn more (step 4a) as needed.
Step 5. Reflect on what you’ve learned from the process.
Step 6. Make decisions about what you want to do with your learning.
For more on the circle, see Anita Houck, “You Are Here: Engagement, Spirituality, and Slow Teaching,” in Becoming Beholders: Cultivating Sacramental Imagination and Actions in College Classrooms, edited by Karen E. Eiffler and Thomas M. Landy, 70-85. Collegeville: Michael Glazier/Liturgical Press, 2014.
Learning processes like this one don’t explicitly mention vocation, but they develop habits of self-awareness that are essential to discernment. They can also point the way to what we want to become. Here’s part of a reflection on step 4b from a first-semester student, as she analyzes her experience of attending a meeting of our local interfaith dialogue group: “One thing I really want to work on personally is not judging or place [sic] people I see during my everyday life in a box. I know I do this, and I am ashamed. Sometimes it’s more of avoiding the Other because of some of the fears I had at the beginning of the meeting. I am going to push myself to work through those fears and continue to talk and be open with the Other.”
Apologizing when we screw up. Once I apologized to a class for a problem with an assignment, and a student shouted out one of our class virtues: “Humility!” Job done.
Walking it back is an indispensable move for staying on a vocational journey. Teachers have to make about 1,000 decisions a day. Some of those will be bad, or at least badly executed. Mess-ups give us the chance to practice the virtues we teach and to model the ability to accept failure. I’ve quoted Samuel Beckett often: “Ever tried. Ever failed. No matter. Try again. Fail again. Fail better.” A similar insight comes from the Dalai Lama: “We try, try. . . one fail. Again effort. Fail. Again effort. That’s the proper way.”
Note from the author: This post began as a presentation on the panel “Trial and Error” at NetVUE’s American Academy of Religion/Society of Biblical Literature pre-meeting, “Vocation, Teaching, and Religious Studies,” in San Diego in November 2019. My sincere thanks to David Cunningham and all involved in organizing that gathering.
For Part I of this series by Anita Houck, see “Failing and Failing Better: Strategies for Teaching Vocation When You Don’t Have Time to Teach Vocation.” Her next post looks at other strategies for bringing vocation into a course, specifically related to the difficult work of evaluation—grading, giving feedback, and the always-fraught topic of course evaluations – see “Vocation for Teachers Who Hate Grading.”
A former high-school teacher and parish lay minister, Anita Houck is Professor of Religious Studies and Theology and Joyce McMahon Hank Aquinas Chair in Catholic Theology at Saint Mary’s College in Notre Dame, Indiana. She co-founded Saint Mary’s long-running program in vocation, Real Life Calling, and participated in the 2018-2019 NetVUE faculty workshop. Her research explores religion and humor, vocation and single life, and pedagogy. She teaches comparative theology, spirituality and comedy, and interfaith studies, and has received the College Theology Society’s Monika Hellwig Award for Teaching Excellence. | <urn:uuid:5a2cab75-c0bd-4014-a8f3-44df177887d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vocationmatters.org/2021/01/27/failing-better-part-ii/comment-page-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951034 | 2,705 | 1.78125 | 2 |
It’s hard to say how much water an average car wash uses, but a car wash at a gas station can use up to 150 liters of water. That’s a lot of water. On the other hand, washing a car at home uses more than 15 liters of water. In a water-scarce region, water-saving solutions are a must to avoid further water scarcity which could lead to famine and wars in the not-so-distant future.
Eco Care is a company established in Dubai that was launched in Egypt in 2020 to provide car washes using minimal water. The company positions itself in parking lots of malls and in compounds and uses the high turnover rate to find customers who need to wash their car.
What sets Eco Care’s services apart is that it uses a water-saving technique to wash cars, by using only 3 liters of water to do the job. The company boasts that it only uses non-damaging chemicals to wash the car so that the little water left on the ground doesn’t harm plants or living creatures around it.
The company is constantly thinking of ways to make its services more eco-friendly. WAYA asked Eco Care Egypt’s General Manager, Belal Hussien about the company’s plans for the future. He said “In the future, we want to expand more, and we are trying to better ourselves with the tools available the materials we use to wash the car and to take care of the cars, and to protect the environment we are in so as not to harm any place in which we are stationed whether it is next to plants or in a place with no drainage system. We are trying to develop this and to reduce the waste of water and time. That’s what we are working on now.”
If you see something out of place or would like to contribute to this story, check out our Ethics and Policy section. | <urn:uuid:10ec659d-c99b-4e8e-894e-53a76e5104c5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://waya.media/eco-care-bringing-eco-friendly-car-washes-to-egypt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.97011 | 400 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Kitchen illumination guidelines
As long as you can see what you are doing, everything is ok. Right or wrong? Well, you are right and wrong.
While you can see what you are doing, there is still a guideline to follow when designing and implementing lighting in a kitchen
Illumination is measured in a quantity known as candles, or foot-candles.
Definition of foot-candle
“a unit of illuminance or illumination, equivalent to the illuminationproduced by a source of one candle at a distance of one foot and equalto one lumen incident per square foot.”
Required illumination of preperation surfaces in restaurant kitchens: 50 candles.
Food display areas: 20 candles.
Requred illumination of walk in coolers: 10 candles.
Article by Gene Cox, Texas Food Manager Training | <urn:uuid:a29a05cb-cbb9-4a45-881c-052adb2e6a5e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://texas-food-manager.com/kitchen-illumination-guidelines/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.898388 | 175 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Translated by: MOS Buddhism Team – Accelerator
According to a related report on January 28th local time, the EU Council would release the latest travel regulations within the EU in the next few days, stating that since February 1st, anyone with a CCP virus vaccination certificate or recovery certificate or negative test result could travel freely within 27 EU countries without quarantine and additional Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT). It was learned that although the CCP virus infection rate remained very high throughout Europe, every government couldn’t wait to reopen. In this regard, EU health officials said EU countries should immediately lift the various pandemic restrictions, which would complicate traveling. In addition, the U.K. recently announced the complete lifting of restrictions and reopening of bars and restaurants. Meanwhile, the local government also lifted legal requirements for citizens to wear masks and the quarantine requirements pertinent to travelers’ entry. The Danish government also released a statement to lift all the pandemic preventive measures before February 1st. Moreover, they would no longer classify the CCP virus as a critical disease after January 31st.
Proofread/Edited by: Saturn
Posted by: Wenfei | <urn:uuid:37c220bf-65ec-45a1-8da5-c71ecf35bc74> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gnews.org/post/p1946050 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.964875 | 255 | 1.695313 | 2 |
We are investigating and creating novel materials, so-called “biomaterials”, that change their properties by recognizing various physicochemical changes within our body, with the aim of preventing, diagnosing, and treating diseases. Let’s study engineering that supports medical care together.
We listen to the voices of cells and conduct research that leads to the discovery of unknown biological phenomena and explore future medical technologies. We are constantly pioneering new methods and ideas that are not bound by conventional concepts.
Nanomedicine is the fruit of many fields of collaboration. Get and use your ideas, go out into the world, and enjoy the opportunity to meet and collaborate with people who have different fields of expertise and different cultures.
We aim to understand the movement of substances in the body, and in the future, to predict the progression of diseases and investigate new diagnostic methods through the research using both experiments and computer simulations.
By applying light on humans and animals, we are cultivating science and technology that will lead to medical prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in the future. We treasure the idea of “unexpected cuts”.
We aim to establish scientific care by measuring and predicting each person’s physical and cognitive functions, and by developing technologies to predictively and proactively support quality of life and well-being. We will share my experience of 10 years in engineering, 10 years in informatics, and 10 years in medicine, connecting different fields.
We are researching and proposing various expression methods and methods of communication in order to convey complicated and difficult things in an easy-to-understand and simple manner. I like to re-observe and consider from a different perspective and perspective.
We target to be engineers who can identify needs from the viewpoint of consumers and comprehensively design the robot functions, by combining various technologies such as sensors (electrical and electronic), actuators (mechanical), and artificial intelligence (information). Won't you join to us?
Be a knowledge producer, not a consumer- An observation with curiosity of daily life is the first step in Biomechanics, which is the study of the mechanics of the human movement. Unlock your imagination, and let’s create social values with science!
We deal with various aspects of interaction that brings robots or machines working with humans. We pose questions on what looks “obvious” and solve problems hidden in our proximity. We also focus on educating engineers active in global perspectives through international exchanges.
In order to design a robot that can be familiar to people, we believe that it is meaningful to coordinate the appearance (exterior) of the robot with the mechanism that moves it and the way it moves, and we are investigating and researching methods for designing and manufacturing robots that take both of these interactions into account. | <urn:uuid:4a6e55ab-c198-4357-acd7-7658edceb7cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tus-senshin.design/kinoden/people/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.942963 | 572 | 2.140625 | 2 |
This year, as one of our school's improvement priorities, we are reviewing the documentation that we have around our curriculum progression, with a particular focus on skills in each curriculum subject. What skills should a Year 5 Geographer have, for example. We are excited to be able to share these with you soon. Watch this space...
For information on how we teach specific aspects of the curriculum at Pelham, click on the boxes below. Our Teaching and Learning Policy describes the management and organisation of our curriculum in further detail.
For a useful Parent's Guide to the 2014 National Curriculum, please click here. | <urn:uuid:5342b3a1-53ad-4448-8006-317591795ef9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pelhammerton.greenschoolsonline.co.uk/Learning/Curriculum/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.909252 | 131 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Copyright © Curiosity Media Inc. phrase
A phrase is a group of words commonly used together (e.g once upon a time).
1. (singular) (informal)
A word or phrase used to refer to the second person informal “tú” by their conjugation or implied context (e.g., How are you?).
a. Where do you live?
Te llevaré a casa. ¿Dónde vives?I will drive you home. Where do you live?
Translate ¿Dónde vives? using machine translatorsSee Machine Translations
Want to Learn Spanish?
Spanish learning for everyone. For free.
Have you tried it yet? Here's what's included: | <urn:uuid:80df7698-8c80-4689-a764-6549eafd6a8e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.spanishdict.com/translate/%C2%BFD%C3%B3nde%20vives%3F | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.802034 | 171 | 3.34375 | 3 |
How does abuse affect health?
Intimate partner violence can take a toll on an individual’s short and long-term physical and mental health. There are certain indicators that are common:
i. Physical/Medical Indicators
- Acute injuries
- Marks, bruises, scars
- Chronic pain, diffuse somatic complaints
- Reproductive system problems
- Gastrointestinal conditions
- Headache, migraine
- Increased health care utilization overall
ii. Psychological Indicators
- Anxiety disorders
- Substance use disorders
- Sleep difficulties
- Suicidal ideation
iii. Treatment/Behavioral Indicators
- Non-compliance with treatment
- “Doctor shopping”
- Pattern of lateness or missed appointments
- Partner insists on being present during exams
- Patient defers to partner’s wishes or opinions
- Patient demonstrates fear, hypervigilance
- Patient gives unlikely explanations for injuries
What can a health care provider do to help patients who might be victims or survivors of intimate partner violence?
“In a study of females killed by abusive partners – In the year before the death, only 4% had accessed domestic violence services. Yet 44% had visited a health care provider.” ~IPV Femicide Study. J. Campbell, et al.
Victims of intimate partner violence are more likely to present for health care than they are to reach out for help from a domestic violence service provider on their own. Health care providers can serve an important role in identifying victims who might not otherwise come forward for help. Providers should incorporate routine screening in their practice. Remember: even if a patient does not disclose abuse, screening for abuse helps a patient see abuse as a health issue and can let them know that help is available. See the Coalition’s resources and the brochure Intimate Partner Violence & Your Patient’s Health for guidance on best practices in screening.
With many injures, once they heal, it is as if the assault never happened. Medical documentation of abuse is one of the greatest benefits that health care providers can offer for victims and survivors of intimate partner violence. Medical and forensic documentation of injury is often crucial for law enforcement and prosecution. However, victims who chose not to report to law enforcement are particularly aided by having a report of abuse in their own confidential medical record – a record that they can produce at a later time to support a history of abuse. Additionally, having a record of non-acute abuse – or even recording positive screening responses – can aid patients who have been abused. See the Coalition’s resources and the brochure Intimate Partner Violence & Your Patient’s Health for guidance on best practices in proper documentation.
Health care providers treating patients serve an important role in identifying victims who might not otherwise reach out for help. Yet providers may not be well versed in knowing how to assist with safety planning or other victim needs. It is important that health care providers be able to connect patients with local resources and domestic violence service providers to assist in providing advocacy, counseling, shelter and legal help. The Coalition offers many brochures for patients that list help resources.
NOTE: Confidentiality is essential to victims’ safety. All providers should be familiar with confidentiality standards and their jurisdiction’s mandatory reporting requirements. See the Coalition’s brochure on Confidentiality and Mandatory Reporting Requirements in Maryland for guidance on responding to many forms of abuse.
Please visit our Resource section for the complete selection of Maryland Health Care Coalition Against Domestic Violence materials to assist providers and patients. | <urn:uuid:7b0b419b-bdae-4be4-99ea-2044234480e0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthanddv.org/what-is-domestic-violence/health-and-domestic-violence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.928087 | 756 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Can you please explain to me why is Browser State Dependence Important in eValid?
Be as descriptive as possible so I can understand all the terminology.
Thanks in advance.
Thanks for asking DRoberts.
Tests of a web server done from the client side -- i.e., from the browser -- simulate user interactions by stimulating the server to produce and deliver various files based on requests made by the client.
This is what happens when, for example, you click on a hypertext link to request that the server deliver you (the browser) a new page.
The server generates the page and sends it to the browser.
While most simple navigation activity does not involve the browser having to remember anything from moment to moment, almost any activity other than that does require "memory" on the part of the browser. Getting and keeping that information internally is how the browser "maintains state" for your session.
Here are some examples of information the eValid browser keeps for you and how your eValid browser can help manage this information:
* Cookies. These files are written to your disk and store details about your login.
= eValid keeps cookies just as any browser does -- automatically.
If you wish to simulate a non-cookie situation, eValid lets you run without keeping cookies.
* Session Cookies. These files are kept in memory -- they are never written to your disk -- and they also keep track of various details of your session.
= eValid maintains session cookies as requested by the server.
* Secure Session ID Values. The browser keeps the current value of a session ID that is assigned by the server to help it keep track of who you are -- and to authenticate the actions you
take as correctly connected to the session it is working on.
= eValid handles secure session IDs with the "EnterSecureZone", "ExitSecureZone", and "SecureDataID" command.
You can select as many as 32 Secure Data IDs for eValid to keep track of in any session.
The Bottom Line: Using the eValid browser is a more powerful method of testing than using "memoryless HTTP protocol" testing that cannot maintain state because sessions that involve more work than simple navigation are handled easily and automatically by eValid.
-- eValid Support | <urn:uuid:9524992b-7973-43b1-b403-173434b5b465> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://forum.e-valid.com/viewtopic.php?f=9&t=33903&sid=cf9c8aa3db9dbeb0e8fc1a795388b989 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.907966 | 562 | 2.40625 | 2 |
The herbal tea comprised of rooibos has been a well-liked drink in Southern Africa for generations. The complete Employer Health Benefits Survey Report includes over 200 reveals and is obtainable under the Report tab. Though cincau beverages possess many health advantages, but one other substances to make cincau beverages more tasty, might be questionable for health. Our consultants additionally warn against incorporating an excessive amount of cinnamon into your diet if you’re pregnant, breastfeeding, or have a heavy menstrual cycle. Normally, you will not must pay for eligible advantages by way of your plan.
It is also mentioned that taking one date per a day will assist you to maintain your eye health all your life. Hand full of Drumstick leaves, twenty grams of barley, little amount of cumin seeds and small pinch of turmeric are boiled and throw the extracts. Nevertheless, the curcumin content material of turmeric is not that top… it’s around 3%, by weight ( 2 ).
There’s nonetheless no clear evidence that crimson wine is best than different types of alcohol when it comes to potential heart-healthy benefits. On Wednesday, September 14, 2016, the Kaiser Family Foundation and the Health Analysis & Educational Belief (HRET) held a reporters-solely net briefing to release the 2016 Employer Health Benefits Survey.
A average and regular consumption of virgin olive oil, characteristic of the Mediterranean food plan, is related to a low incidences of particular varieties of cancer, including breast most cancers, in addition to with having a protecting position in opposition to coronary diseases and other health issues.
If you don’t have coverage below a bunch advantages plan, or you’re shedding coverage, a person health plan may help make sure you and your loved ones have entry to prescription drug, dental, hospital, imaginative and prescient, paramedical and ambulance providers. | <urn:uuid:9a72f8a6-7164-4be5-941a-13dcb510c80a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oofamily.com/prolonged-advantages-and-drug-plan.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.927217 | 383 | 1.710938 | 2 |
When we first start dating someone new it can be easy to fall into the familiar trap of being blinded to the things we do not want to hear. Maybe the person says they do not want a relationship, maybe they say they do not know what they want, maybe they have a fear of commitment, but whatever the case may be, you need to HEAR IT. Rather than choosing to ignore a statement, it is important to hear it, listen to it, and remain mindful of our actions moving forward. It may feel as if the other person is now taking control of the outcome of your love life, but really you are the empowered one. Remember, that if you stay true to yourself, state what you want, and accept nothing less, you are the one in control of your own destiny. Do not let another person’s fears bring you down or get in the way of you having what your heart desires because it is really up to you. You have the power and you need to remain self-empowered to walk away from a situation that does not serve your highest good.
Lets back track…. What really is the fear of commitment?
Is the fear of commitment fundamentally the same as the fear of abandonment? I think they are similar variations of a deep-rooted fear of intimacy and vulnerability, but a fear of commitment may involve a fear of sacrifice or loss of freedom of self, whereas a fear of abandonment may come after a commitment has been made. For those with a fear of abandonment, the whole idea of commitment falls on shaky ground. Commitment does not ever feel secure enough to fulfill the deep-rooted desire to be loved unconditionally and accepted for our authentic selves.
Ask yourself these questions to assess and explore how to control your own ambivalence:
What are the ways you make inappropriate or unrealistic commitments?
What is the point in a relationship at which you are most likely to panic and run?
What ways do you scare yourself by moving ahead too quickly?
What are some expectations you have that will ultimately make you want to bolt and run away?
What are your commitment fantasies?
How do you respond to someone else’s fantasies?
What ways are your responses so immediate and so intense that they might make a potential mate feel trapped?
In what ways might you distance partners by constructing boundaries?
How do you fail to erect reasonable boundaries?
What are the ways your ambivalence may be acted out in the non-romantic areas of your life?
Let me know how the fear of commitment shows up for you in your life!
There may be a time when you meet another person and it feels as if you can see inside their soul. The connection you feel is full of energy, which feels somewhat familiar to you. Maybe you knew one another in a past life or are supposed to meet again for a purpose. It can feel like chemistry and a comfortable bond that may grow and turn into a romantic relationship. However, overtime, just like any other relationship you see their flaws. You love them anyway, even if you recognize they are not healthy flaws that add to your life. You keep going, but eventually it all comes crashing down…but in a good way. Your eyes are now open to what you chose to ignore before. Instead of a loving connection this was leading you to learning another important lesson. Even without knowing why, deep down in your gut you can understand what you learned from this person. Sometimes all we get is silence and ignorance from another person. The trick to dealing with that? Just accept it as the answer… There is no point in digging around when you can provide that answer for yourself through learning the lesson placed in front of you. Stay strong and move on. You may then reflect and ask yourself:
Why did you attract those flaws in the first place?
What benefit did this have on showing you how you choose partners?
When we further examine why we make some of the choices we do, we can better understand the patterns we continuously repeat. We are now even stronger than before because we see once more what we have done. We can confront ourselves and agree to make changes that will lead us to a healthy connection.
How may we do this?
You have to figure out what works for you. Can you imagine that things have reasons for why they happen the ways they do and view your life in an optimistic light? If you can truly feel happy by choosing it and knowing in your heart that there is a new healthier and better connection out there for you then allow that door to be open! Open your heart again.. Never give up. Do not let another person’s silence stop you from living out the life you desire. People who matter will fight to stay in your life and make any type of relationship work. It’s up to you to recognize a lesson in negative situations and strive to learn from what you created.
It can feel relieving when you finally work up the courage to be assertive. Being assertive is an act that can help define boundaries and voice things you are not ok with. There may be fears you have associated with being assertive:
Will I come off as mean?
Will I come off as being needy?
Will I come across as bossy?
These are crucial fears and they may create severe anxiety in voicing what you want and need. It is ok to be assertive and ask for what you want. It is also ok to say NO! when you know something doesn’t align with your values.
Being assertive helps to create healthy communication with others. If you communicate how you are feeling, others will know how you will and will not accept to be treated. Also, in revealing your true feelings (being vulnerable) you will expose your emotions for others to better see how their energy affects you as well.
Assertiveness is a two way street. It does not come off mean if you approach the other person in a calm way. The tricky part that takes long to establish is being calm and stern at the same time. When you can be stern and know you got your point across that’s true assertiveness.
Communicate your needs and create boundaries so you can always feel respected. If you love yourself enough it will come so natural because you want others to know what you are not ok with. Spread assertiveness around, add a little love and communication can flow freely and beautifully.
Sometimes when first getting to know someone, they seem to be showing you their true colors. You want to believe that certain actions they take and behaviors they portray are accurate and direct to their character. This can be difficult since we tend to look for red flags from the beginning to protect ourselves from bad treatment. However, people can be tricky and may put on a “true colors act” where they come across one way and given a week or few weeks they all the sudden really show you who they were hiding. This is extremely disappointing if you develop feelings for someone and they choose to charm you into believing they feel for you too. When this happens you must take a step back because you can only control how you react to this and how you deal with it.
Choose wisely, choose YOU. Live your life, and do things that make you happy.
Unfortunately that person did not care enough or respect you enough to want to continue having you in their life. There is nothing you can really do about this, but move forward. Life will always go on and it will go on the way you live it and feel. You control your own feeelings and you control your own happiness. Never look to another person to fill that void for you because they are just not that special.
Upon first meeting someone, it’s easy to want to quickly seek out their red flag traits and behaviors. While that is important and wise, people do unravel into a million different levels. Keep awareness and the traits you seek you will not be blinded to. After all, we are just trying to protect ourselves and be ready and strong to walk away when our gut feels something is not right for us. In this process, focus on your goal and the type of energy you wish to surround yourself with. If the person cannot at all provide you with what you deeply desire THEN you can question the situation and take proper actions toward making yourself happy. It’s ok to give people chances, but stay aware, open, optimistic and strong. We are all sensitive to this need of wanting to feel we got to show our authentic selves and must remember to allow others that gift. However, you must let go if you find that person is dragging you down and sucking away your positive energy. Spread your wings and fly far, far away… to a better place!
“Mindfulness means paying attention in a particular way; On purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally.” -Jon Kabat-Zin- founder, Mindfulness-based stress reduction program.
Mindfulness is quite a precious act- one that is acknowledged as being a positive way to bring consciousness to one’s mind in the present moment, and as a result, acting mindful toward others around you. There may be some who choose this practice with a different purpose in mind. They may be trying to increase their mindfulness, but in a way to only be mindful toward them selves.
They are extremists who need to feed compulsions and by increasing mindfulness directed at their own self it is a way they can continue to focus on the things they must do to feel in control.
Don’t be fooled by people who practice for this reason. They are not impressive or generous people who are trying to put you first. Instead, they are only teaching themselves how to put them selves first- more first than they ever have before. They may come off as confident and that they love themselves, but really they hate themselves and can’t even stand to look in the mirror at their own reflection. Mindfulness was not created for this purpose. When you are putting all of your attention in the present and really feeling the experience, that involves anyone around you in that moment. If you are only worried about yourself and doing what you think YOU need to do, you are missing the whole point.
Boundaries are created through a strong foundation of self-love.
First, we must be happy with who we are because we must first know how we wish to be treated by others. A lot of us may have “wishes” with how we feel we SHOULD be treated. The difference in this is when we truly respect ourselves we know that there are boundaries we WILL NOT accept and when crossed they become ourdeal breakers.
Looking back it can seem that things we used to accept from others are now number one deal breakers in our relationships.
Why is this?
Why do we now see that before we had self love we allowed others to just treat us how ever was convenient for them?
That it was ok not to have any hesitation or thought that there should be a boundary line drawn out?
It is important to know what behaviors you will and will not tolerate from others. If we love ourselves, we know what we deserve and what feels right versus wrong. Boundaries are very personal and vary from person to person. Knowing our boundaries can help us seek out healthy relationships we feel comfortable in. No one should ever feel that they have to force their partner to treat them how they want or with respect. If we know our boundaries and voice them we are one step closer to being treated how we desire.
“Tomorrow I will have no shame, and I will start again.”
It wasn’t long ago that you were hiding. You have been hiding behind your own skin and not allowing people to see you for who you really were.
When the time comes to be honest with someone about a certain identity you posses, it is one of the most liberating feelings you may experience. It is magical to be accepted by another loved one when you are ashamed of a certain identity you are hiding from. This can be about almost anything one is insecure about minoring from a physical feature all the way to a lifestyle, or past history. When you decide to be open and be your authentic self you win either way. Take that step and release what is holding you back. If you are rejected for that, then that person was not worthy of your special identity. On the bright side, a very negative thing can help you seek out others who treasure you and find you special with or without that and accept you for who you really are,your authentic self.
It is the most liberating and empowering feeling to be so aware of the types of mistakes you know you will no longer make. When you finally build up the courage to stand up for yourself and know when someone is crossing your boundary that it is not right and that it doesn’t sit well with you is how you know you are changing. Once you see the after effects of doing so, you will see how much greater value that action holds over allowing someone to take full advantage of you for instant and temporary satisfaction. It can feel safer and more “comfortable”- there is that term again- when you choose to go along with what someone else is ‘ok’ with.
However, it is only making things work for THEM and not you.
Since when are you not important too? When is it not enough for you to have your own voice and beliefs?
Once you establish what you know inside is how you will allow others to treat you, you can start having the utmost respect for yourself. There really is love all around. Love is always there lurking around and it is only when we can see clearly about who we are and what kind of life we want to lead that love can fully come welcomed through our door. The energy you create around you has an aura affect on others.
Do you sometimes notice that when you are with the man or woman you feel romantically and sexually about you put them on a pedestal?
You may think at first you are doing this because of how special they are to you. You may think you admire another person or “look up” to them. This is just not the case when we choose to place someone on a pedestal. In this case, by placing another person above us, we are literally and automatically putting ourselves below them in a much lower position with much less power. Not only is this a very vulnerable position, but also a very unhealthy one. If we want to find and seek healthy relationships we must not knowingly put others above us leaving us feeling worthless and not good enough to be valued and wanted.
What is wrong with us when we do this?
Why do we feel worthless and yet, still long for and pray that our “partner” will want us just as badly as we want them?
We are seeking validation for our feelings and seeking a reciprocation that will keep us in our pattern of denial and avoidance.We don’t want to face the issues we are actually fighting to overcome. Instead of playing into this negative pattern, we must allow ourselves to find a partner with whom we feel equally and mutually connected to. In a relationship, neither person is better than the other, and if there is an understanding where both see each other as special that is a healthy connection. After all, we are not in relationships to feel miserable and not good enough. If that is the case, we have ourselves to blame and can willingly experience that once we walk away from the situation. It is important to rid of those self-destructive thoughts and feel confident with our unique selves. This is a process, one that starts with awareness. Once you are aware you can continue to teach yourself every day until you finally reach the point of feeling worth it and good enough. | <urn:uuid:54b872da-cf1f-4f7c-98a3-6100acc396df> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://findingyoursoulpurpose.co/author/inspired1016/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.969325 | 3,257 | 1.734375 | 2 |
This exercise encourages creativity and helps delegates to come up with a larger variety of solutions. The activity also enables participants to evaluate and compare the influence and effect of using expert views in solving problems. This activity is suitable for groups of people who have access to Internet and phone during the training session.
Delegates to come up with solutions to a specific problem with and without the help from experts and sources of information.
What You Need
- Post-It notes for each group
- Divide the delegates to groups of 3 to 4 people.
- Give each group some Post-It notes.
- Write down the problem you want the delegates to solve on the flip chart or whiteboard.
- Select half of the groups and explain that they have 10 minutes to use the resources available to them such as Internet and phone to find more information related to the problem or even ask an expert for advice.
- The other groups should use this 10 minutes to brainstorm and come up with solutions for the proposed problem.
- You can take advantage of this opportunity to emphasise using specific brainstorming techniques such as using, Mind Maps, Belbin Groups, Six Thinking Hats, Lateral Thinking and so on.
- At the end of 10 minutes, each group has 5 minutes to write down their best solutions on individual Post-It notes.
- Collect the Post-It notes with the solutions from delegates stick them to the main flip chart or whiteboard.
- Ask delegates to go to the flipchart and observe the solutions.
- Get back together and initiate a discussion to find out the best solutions.
Explaining the Exercise: 5 minutes.
Activity: 10 min brainstorm/expert advice + 5 min record it + 10 discuss = 25 minutes
Group Feedback: 10 minutes.
Encourage the delegates to have a discussion about the most effective way of finding solutions to a specific problem. Was asking experts and finding extra information helpful in coming up with more creative solutions? What was most helpful about this exercise? Was the generated solutions helpful and practical? | <urn:uuid:a55fcfa7-8807-442f-971e-805311bdfb70> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.skillsconverged.com/DesktopModules/DnnForge%20-%20NewsArticles/Print.aspx?tabid=258&tabmoduleid=1854&articleId=736&moduleId=1221&PortalID=5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.904568 | 435 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Pepe PE, Aufderheide TP, Lamhaut L, Davis DP, Lick CJ, Polderman KH, Scheppke
KA, Deakin CD, O’Neil BJ, van Schuppen H, Levy MK, Wayne MA, Youngquist ST,
Moore JC, Lurie KG, Bartos JA, Bachista KM, Jacobs MJ, Rojas-Salvador C, Grayson
ST, Manning JE, Kurz MC, Debaty G, Segal N, Antevy PM, Miramontes DA, Cheskes S,
Holley JE, Frascone RJ, Fowler RL, Yannopoulos D.
Objectives: To construct a highly detailed yet practical, attainable roadmap for enhancing the likelihood of neurologically intact survival following sudden cardiac arrest.
Design setting and patients: Population-based outcomes following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest were collated for 10 U.S. counties in Alaska, California, Florida, Ohio, Minnesota, Utah, and Washington. The 10 identified emergency medical services systems were those that had recently reported significant improvements in neurologically intact survival after introducing a more comprehensive approach involving citizens, hospitals, and evolving strategies for incorporating technology-based, highly choreographed care and training. Detailed inventories of in-common elements were collated from the ten 9-1-1 agencies and assimilated. For reference, combined averaged outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest occurring January 1, 2017, to February 28, 2018, were compared with concurrent U.S. outcomes reported by the well-established Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival.
Interventions: Most commonly, interventions and components from the ten 9-1-1 systems consistently included extensive public cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, 9-1-1 system-connected smart phone applications, expedited dispatcher procedures, cardiopulmonary resuscitation quality monitoring, mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation, devices for enhancing negative intrathoracic pressure regulation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation protocols, body temperature management procedures, rapid cardiac angiography, and intensive involvement of medical directors, operational and quality assurance officers, and training staff.
Measurements and main results: Compared with Cardiac Arrest Registry to Enhance Survival (n = 78,704), the cohorts from the 10 emergency medical services agencies examined (n = 2,911) demonstrated significantly increased likelihoods of return of spontaneous circulation (mean 37.4% vs 31.5%; p < 0.001) and neurologically favorable hospital discharge, particularly after witnessed collapses involving bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and shockable cardiac rhythms (mean 10.7% vs 8.4%; p < 0.001; and 41.6% vs 29.2%; p < 0.001, respectively).
Conclusions: The likelihood of neurologically favorable survival following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest can improve substantially in communities that conscientiously and meticulously introduce a well-sequenced, highly choreographed, system-wide portfolio of both traditional and nonconventional approaches to training, technologies, and physiologic management. The commonalities found in the analyzed systems create a compelling case that other communities can also improve out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes significantly by conscientiously exploring and adopting similar bundles of system organization and care.
Keywords: bundle of care; cardiac arrest; cardiopulmonary resuscitation; emergency medical services; resuscitation centers; sudden cardiac death survival. | <urn:uuid:9e456cb0-f638-42ca-a138-1bcc6f9cd773> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dutchresus.com/2021/07/26/rationale-and-strategies-for-development-of-an-optimal-bundle-of-management-for-cardiac-arrest/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.889825 | 716 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Betsy Lehman Center for Patient Safety released a new video and suite of resources about infection control and PPE for home care and congregate care workers on the front lines of COVID-19.
Stay Safe! Your Guide to Wearing Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is available in English, Spanish, Haitian Creole and Brazilian Portuguese.
We know that proper hygiene and infection control is essential to preventing the spread of COVID-19. But many home care and long-term care workers do not have access to adequate training. In addition, much of the guidance available from the CDC and other organizations specific to COVID-19 is more appropriate for hospital staff than for this workforce.
In response to this challenge, the Betsy Lehman Center for Patient Safety partnered with organizations across Massachusetts to produce this quick, easy to understand video featuring a Massachusetts home care worker demonstrating how to don and doff PPE.
On the website you will also find a toolkit with posters, flyers, and other printable items to educate staff and remind them how to stay safe during COVID-19. | <urn:uuid:2e23f685-ecd6-4c48-823a-b8b6ce097509> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://qi.ipro.org/2020/11/17/new-infection-control-and-ppe-resources-for-home-and-congregate-care-workers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.931221 | 222 | 2.375 | 2 |
When we are children, if someone treats us badly, we attempt to understand why. But in trying to understand, the child’s logic is very often flawed, and s/he falsely deduce s/he is to blame for it. The child’s flawed logic may flow similarly to this:
‘Someone is hurting me…punishment only happens to bad children…that means I must be bad…therefore I am to blame for this happening…it is my own fault, there’s something wrong with me.’ THIS CAN OCCUR ON AN INSIDIOUS, UNCONSCIOUS LEVEL.
For this reason, many individuals who have survived trauma spend their adult lives feeling deeply guilty. Often, too, the individual will feel deeply unworthy and may be filled with a strong sense of self-loathing.
It is important to realize such feelings have been ‘programmed’ in through the abuse and are absolutely not a true and accurate reflection of the person who suffers them.
THE NECESSITY TO STOP BLAMING ONESELF:
Although stopping blaming oneself is a very important step and obviously extremely beneficial to one’s sense of self-worth and peace of mind, it can be difficult and challenging. For example, one may have led a life without looking for joy, success, or close relationships because ONE FELT ONE DIDN’T DESERVE SUCH THINGS. Seeing things in a new way, and the realization one isn’t a bad person or to blame for the childhood trauma and had, in fact, every right to live an enjoyable life, may cause the individual to feel overwhelmed by a sense of GRIEF for all the wasted years.
Another possibility is that the realization one isn’t to blame will sometimes cause this blame, sometimes in a very intense way, to be turned on those who are perceived to be responsible (such as carers or parents).
Letting go of self-blame, then, whilst necessary, can in itself be stressful. However, we can use coping mechanisms to help us to cope with such stress (click here to read about coping mechanisms).
David Hosier BSc Hons; MSc; PGDE(FAHE). | <urn:uuid:79c95e6d-5061-4801-bf07-009fa71c0757> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://childhoodtraumarecovery.com/blog/an-analysis-of-blame/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.951413 | 471 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Diverse DNA and RNA viruses utilize cytoskeletal networks to efficiently enter, replicate, and exit the host cell, while evading host immune responses. It is well established that the microtubule (MT) network is commonly hijacked by viruses to traffic to sites of replication after entry and to promote egress from the cell. However, mounting evidence suggests that the MT network is also a key regulator of host immune responses to infection. At the same time, viruses have acquired mechanisms to manipulate and/or usurp MT networks to evade these immune responses. Central to most interactions of viruses with the MT network are virally encoded microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) that bind to MTs directly or indirectly. These MAPs associate with MTs and other viral or cellular MAPs to regulate various aspects of the MT network, including MT dynamics, MT-dependent transport via motor proteins such as kinesins and dyneins, and MT-dependent regulation of innate immune responses. In this review, we examine how viral MAP interactions with the MT network facilitate viral replication and immune evasion.
- immune evasion
- microtubule-associated protein
- microtubule-dependent transport
- virus–host interactions
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Infectious Diseases | <urn:uuid:3f30e1ba-1c9f-484f-a1d7-a6467218e801> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/manipulation-of-host-microtubule-networks-by-viral-microtubule-as | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.911875 | 289 | 2.28125 | 2 |
February is Gallbladder and Bile Duct Cancer Awareness Month. Bile Duct Cancer is a complex and rare cancer that is also known as cholangiocarcinoma or bile duct tumors. Johanna Bendell, MD, Chief Development Officer at Sarah Cannon Research Institute is a leader in the field and discusses the intricacies of this cancer.
It's not just one, but three types of cancer.
Bile duct cancer is the growth of cancer cells in the bile duct, a number of branching tubes that carry bile (a fluid that helps digest food and eliminate waste from the body) from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine. There are actually three types of bile duct tumors, depending on the location in the bile duct.
- Cholangiocarcinoma, which is a bile duct tumor that arises from the bile duct branches inside the liver
- Gall bladder cancer, which arises from the gall bladder.
- Ampullary cancers, which occur where the common bile duct attaches to the duodenum (small intestine).
"While they all involve the bile duct they are three distinct diseases that likely have three different biologies," said Dr. Bendell.
Although rare, there are treatment options.
"Bile duct cancer is a rare form of cancer, with only about 4,000 new cases in the U.S. each year, compared to 150,000 cases of colon cancer per year," said Dr. Bendell. Even more challenging, there are no screening tests currently available, and generally no indications in the early stages. It's not until the cancer has advanced that symptoms become apparent, such as jaundice, abdominal pain or changes in the urine and stool.
But once diagnosed, there are treatment options. These include:
- Surgery to remove the tumor and possibly part of the affected organ
- External or internal radiation therapy given possibly in conjunction with surgery
- Chemotherapy, mostly for advanced disease, but can be used prior to surgery to try to shrink a tumor, after surgery to try to prevent the tumor from coming back, or in combination with radiation therapy
- Liver-directed therapies - these can include radiation therapy such as Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) that delivers radiation to that distinct local area, chemoembolization that sends the anti-cancer drug into the blood vessel feeding the tumor along with a blood vessel blocking particle that keeps it there, and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) where a probe is inserted in the tumor and the probe is heated to kill the tumor, to name just a few.
"Another therapy we specialize in here at Sarah Cannon is radioembolization. Tiny plastic microbeads that have radiation on the outside are injected into the blood vessels in the liver, where they deliver a high dose of radiation directly to the tumor to kill it."
Research is ongoing.
While bile duct tumors are rare, there is significant research conducted. "At Sarah Cannon Research Institute, we have several clinical trials underway," said Dr. Bendell. "One involves using targeted therapy for bile duct tumors with IDH1 or IDH2 mutations, while others are studying immunotherapy and a class of drugs called MEK inhibitors. So there is most definitely active research going for these patients."
Want to learn more about the bile duct cancer research being conducted at Sarah Cannon? Please contact our askSARAH help line at (844) 482-4812.
It is important to know that the information in this post, including Sarah Cannon’s recommendations for screening, is accurate as of the publishing date. | <urn:uuid:1b4f77e1-d0a0-4389-91a9-2dcae0c85a01> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sarahcannon.com/blog/entry/what-to-know-about-bile-duct-cancer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.952556 | 758 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Come learn from Lori Snyder which plants can be harvested and stored for your own tea making supplies. Home made teas benefit your well being and the planet too as we gather locally. Examples rosemary, lemon balm, peppermint, stinging nettle, spruce tips and more. Learning when to harvest is important to capture the best essences for your flavour and experience.
Date: April 9
Time: 7:00 PM – 8:30 PM
To register, visit https://ca.apm.activecommunities.com/vancouver/Activity_Search/healing-teas-with-lori-snyder/260826. | <urn:uuid:afae5ca9-58f3-4327-829d-fdf352813971> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://moberlyartscentre.ca/healing-teas-with-lori-snyder/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.91854 | 136 | 1.710938 | 2 |
The University at Buffalo Confucius Institute recognized EFS seventh grader Morgan Shaver for excellence in Chinese language learning during the 2017 Chinese New Year Celebration at UB. She was among thirteen local students who received awards from the Confucius Institute. Following the ceremony, Morgan and her family joined the audience of about 1,500 for a colorful program of traditional and contemporary performances to celebrate the Chinese Year of the Rooster, including a performance by Elmwood Franklin’s Mandarin teacher Mrs. Wei (Shirley) Huang, who played the ehru, a traditional Chinese two-stringed instrument.
Speakers and performers wanted!
Elmwood Franklin is excited to announce that we will be hosting TEDxElmwoodFranklinSchool on Saturday, March 4, 2017. This event is an independently organized TED event for the students of Elmwood Franklin School.
We are currently seeking speakers and performers for TEDxElmwoodFranklinSchool, which will be held in The Johnston Theatre and has the theme “Thinking Beyond.” We are looking for presenters who will motivate and inspire our students to think beyond themselves.
If you have something to share and would like to participate, please e-mail Cheryl Colpoys at firstname.lastname@example.org or send us a message on Facebook.
100+ Elmwood Franklin School students and parents participated in this year's MLK Day of Service by delivering meals for Meals on Wheels for WNY. Students and parents met at EFS for orientation in The Johnston Theatre led by Lauren Gousey, a representative from Meals on Wheels, before boarding one of eight 14-passenger buses to pick up meals and route assignments. Then EFS students from preschool to eighth grade and their parents delivered meals and smiles to homebound seniors and disabled individuals in the Buffalo area.
Thank you to Meals on Wheels for WNY for this opportunity to live our mission and to Canisius High School, Buffalo Seminary, and Nichols School for the use of their buses.
Dear Elmwood Franklin Community,
I want to wish everyone a Happy New Year and share some incredible news. Assistant Head of School and Head of Upper School Rosemarie Beres will be retiring at the end of this academic year, her 40th at EFS. Rosemarie, or RB as she is better known to our community, is an institution. She began her career at EFS in 1977 as Director of the Learning Lab, a program she created. She added the titles of Director of Studies, Curriculum Coordinator, and finally Assistant Head, a position she has held for the last 35 years. RB has served ten different heads of school in her time at EFS, all of them well.
While we are excited for her as she begins a new chapter in her life and appreciative beyond words for all of her contributions to the EFS community in her 40 years here, we will also be left with a huge hole to fill. Personally, I cannot think of anyone better to help guide me through my first three years at EFS. She has been an invaluable resource and personal support for me and many others—faculty, students, and parents—and we are forever indebted to her.
We are currently making plans to celebrate RB at the conclusion of the school year for her accomplishments and service to EFS. Save the date, Sunday, June 11. The entire community is invited to this celebration. More details will be given in the coming weeks. For now, please join me in offering our congratulations and thanks to our beloved RB.
Andrew D. Deyell
Head of School | <urn:uuid:eaaee8ec-21bb-4893-9ce6-9792a026f742> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.elmwoodfranklin.org/news1/archives/01-2017 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.9674 | 769 | 1.59375 | 2 |
By Akshay Bhatnagar, MD, Raed Dweik, MD, and Neal F. Chaisson, MD
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Pulmonary hypertension is considered the final common pathway of many varied diseases and syndromes, and therefore one cannot say it is idiopathic without making a robust effort to identify features of alternative causes and rule out other contributing factors.
Although the exact etiology of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is unclear, well-characterized imbalances in vascular homeostasis have been identified. These include processes that promote vasoconstriction, cell proliferation, and thrombosis (thromboxane A2, endothelin-1, and serotonin) and those that suppress prostacyclin, nitric oxide, and vasoactive intestinal peptide-mediated vasodilation. Furthermore, an abnormal angiogenic response to hypoxia and vascular endothelial growth factor has been observed.
Before considering a diagnosis of idiopathic PAH, a careful history is essential. Other causative agents include appetite-suppressing medications, such as fenfluramine derivatives or stimulants such as amphetamines. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis, a history of splenectomy and prior thyroid or liver disease are also common causes of PAH. Joint pain, myalgias, Raynaud features or a rash characteristic of connective tissue disease can be identified on history and physical examination. Worldwide, chronic exposure to high-altitude climates and exposure to schistosomiasis are significant causes of PAH, but are rarely seen in developed nations. Confirmatory serum tests for HIV, antinuclear antibody, scleroderma antibody and thyroid function are essential.
If patients report having relatives with possible or probable PAH, genetic counseling is recommended, particularly for rare but causative gene mutations.
BMPR2, the gene that codes for the bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2, can carry mutations with variable penetrance over the patient’s lifetime depending on other genetic polymorphisms, concurrent inflammation and the patient’s sex.
The population carrier estimates of BMPR2 mutations are only 0.001 to 0.01 percent, but mutations in this gene are identified in approximately 25 percent of nonfamilial PAH patients and in over 75 percent of those with a familial inheritance pattern. The BMPR2 protein is a part of the transforming growth factor beta family and is partially responsible for control of vascular cell proliferation. Mutations in this gene lead to PAH at a younger age than in those with mutation-negative idiopathic PAH and to a more severe clinical phenotype in terms of pulmonary vascular resistance and cardiac function.
Other mutations. Although BMPR2 is the most commonly identified gene mutation in patients with PAH, other gene mutations within this family have also been recognized. These include mutations in the genes for activin receptor-like kinase 1 and endoglin, which, although better known for their association with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, can lead directly to PAH.
More recently, a novel autosomal recessive gene mutation in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 (EIF2AK4) has been identified in patients with pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis, which are specific subclasses of WHO group 1 PAH. The mechanistic parallels between EIF2AK4and these diseases are not clear, but the prevalence of disease in those with a familial inheritance pattern and an EIF2AK4 mutation is nearly 100 percent. Thus, identification of this mutation has been accepted as a way to confirm pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis in patients suspected of PAH with features of these diseases.
Dr. Bhatnagar is staff in the Department of Regional Anesthesiology. Dr. Dweik is Chair, Respiratory Institute. Dr. Chaisson is staff in the Departments of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Respiratory Institute.
This abridged article originally appeared in Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. | <urn:uuid:da525d6f-17f8-4684-8cab-f388a705c430> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://consultqd.clevelandclinic.org/the-search-for-causes-of-idiopathic-pulmonary-arterial-hypertension/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.911349 | 900 | 2.25 | 2 |
We are working on our winter theme and I made a snowman letter tracing activity for letter recognition and fine motor development. I printed the patterns on cardstock and then laminated them for durability.
Children trace the letters with their fingers first and then with a washable marker. If you do not laminate the letter tracers you can use pencils as well as markers. Q-tips that the children dip in paint also work well for the children to trace over the letters.
You can watch a video of this activity by clicking the image below. This activity is currently located in the member's section which is also where I have added Snowman Fine Motor Dots ... Scissor Skills ... and Pre-Writing Cards.
We have been working on writing skills a lot so I made some hot cocoa writing cards. I printed the patterns on cardstock paper and cut them out. I then laminated them and put them in a basket with washable markers.
In this activity children trace the dashed lines with their finger and then with washable markers. I have included both black and white as well as color versions.
As of 2022 this activity can be found in the member's section which is also where I have added hot cocoa alphabet punch strips.
I made a hot cocoa match for number recognition and review. I printed the patterns on cardstock paper ... cut them out and then laminated them.
I set the hot cocoa cups and number circles out on the table in to separate piles. I made sure the numbers were all mixed up in each pile. Children put the cups in numerical order and then put the matching number circle on top of each cup.
As of 2022 this activity can be found in the member's section which is also where I have added Hot Cocoa Alphabet Match.
We made puffy paint penguins after circle time today. It was a great project for scissor skills ... sensory and fine motor development. We used black and orange cardstock paper to make the the penguins. We free cut the penguin shapes but I have included patterns that you can trace around on the cardstock paper.
The next step was to make the puffy paint which was really easy. The children mixed 1 cup of shaving cream and 1/2 cup of white glue together with a craft stick. The puffy paint should be like a thick marshmallow topping ... if it is not you can add more glue.
The children applied the puffy paint to the penguins using either their fingers or craft sticks. The penguins took a while to dry because of the thickness of the paint.
You can see a video of this activity by clicking below:
I made a snowman and snowflake themed tic-tac-toe game and I wanted to share it with you. Just print the patterns on cardstock paper ... cut out and laminate. Play as a traditional tic-tac-toe game.
I made a snowman match for color recognition. I printed the patterns on cardstock paper and and cut them out.
I set the snowman cards and color circles out in a basket making sure the colors were mixed up. The children picked a snowman card and then found the matching color circle and put it in the blank circle on the card.
As of 2022 this activity can be found in the member's section which is also where I have added a snowman number sequence. | <urn:uuid:1c9bb896-4839-4783-a6d2-d79fd61e6044> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.childcareland.com/home/category/winter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966996 | 705 | 3.078125 | 3 |
With more than a billion of its citizens set to vote in a general election that could determine how business friendly the country becomes, India is somewhere that entrepreneurs the world see great potential in. Last year a study conducted by the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation (IFC) looked at the challenges and potential of doing business in India.
Business Destinations has compiled the five cities that all budding entrepreneurs should head to for the best opportunities in a country notorious for placing bureaucratic hurdles in front of people trying to do business.
1. New Delhi
Population: 17.8m citizens
Key industries: Services/retail
India’s capital and the heart of the country’s political scene, New Delhi’s sprawling borders have seen a number of businesses set up shop over the last decade. A startling array of shiny, expensive new shopping malls have also sprouted up, highlighting the city’s reputation as a retail hub. The World Bank says it is the easiest city to start a business in India.
Population: 1.7m citizens
Key industry: Agriculture
The most populous city in the eastern state of Bihar, Patna is emerging as one of the country’s most promising economic hubs. A leading agricultural centre, Patna is where huge quantities of sugarcane, sesame, grain and race are trading. The World Bank believes Patna to be second only to Delhi as a place to start a business.
Population: 12.7m citizens
Key industries: Financial services/commerce
The country’s second largest city and commercial hub, Mumbai is where international businesses flock when first entering India. Primarily the country’s financial centre, it is home to many of India’s leading conglomerates, such as the Tata Group, Reliance, and the State Bank of India, and much of the country’s financial capital.
Population: 3.4m citizens
Key industries: Tourism/IT
The capital of the north-western state of Rajasthan, Jaipur has traditionally been known for its many tourist attractions. Jaipur has in recent years begun to act as a hub of technological innovation. The Mahindra Special Economic Zone is one of the largest in the country, and IT groups Infosys and Genpact are based there.
Population: 9.1m citizens
Key industry: Manufacturing
The southern city of Hyderabad has long been the most important manufacturing centre of the country. In recent years it has seen a number of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies emerge within its borders, and it has set up infrastructure to support these industries. Hyderabad has also been known as the ‘City of Pearls’, on account of its rich history in the pearl trade. | <urn:uuid:fbac4052-8687-4b03-88f2-c9cde01570e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.businessdestinations.com/destinations/top-5-indian-cities-for-entrepreneurs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.943325 | 585 | 1.921875 | 2 |
The recent letter to the editor from Zachary Taylor (Page A11, July 29 edition of The Frederick News-Post) regarding the consequences of plastic bag regulation is to be expected. After all, the organization that he represents, the American Recyclable Plastic Bag Alliance, is funded by U.S. plastic bag manufacturers.
Mr. Taylor claims that “when properly disposed of," single-use plastic bags have the lowest environmental footprint. This is disingenuous. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, less than 10% of plastic bags are recycled. They aren’t accepted by municipal recycling facilities as they damage sorting equipment. Reusable bags, on the other hand, are designed to be used multiple, often hundreds of times. They are durable, washable and hold several times the volume of a single-use bag. A report by the Environment Agency shows that, although the initial energy consumption to produce a reusable bag is higher, after using a polypropylene reusable bag as little as 11 times, the carbon footprint is equal for reusable bags, and decreases with each use. In addition, the enormous environmental problem of litter and microplastics associated with single-use bags must be factored into the equation. | <urn:uuid:40d03916-7795-43c6-9b0a-ff8c4c9cbcb8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fredericknewspost.com/opinion/letter_to_editor/reusable-bags-a-better-option-than-plastic-bags/article_64321328-83b1-51d4-9f00-e2c3c39e07ff.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.957842 | 247 | 2.53125 | 3 |
We are specialized in the areas of renewable energy, energy conservation and management, sustainable buildings and environmental sustainability encompassing the energy-environment-economy triangle. Established in 2014, KASAB Green Energy Solutions is based in Al Khobar Saudi Arabia and operates throughout the MENA region. We deliver sustainable energy solutions to improve our client’s bottom line. Our team of experts through their rich experience, diverse skillset and strong professional qualifications and commitment offers unique combination of local understanding and international best practices.
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Renewable energy is the fastest growing and researched form of energy across the world. The pursuit of diversification in supplies, enhancement of energy security and curtailment of environmental emissions is driving the market. Given the climatic conditions and subsequent availability of resources our focus is on renewable technologies in general and solar energy and wind power systems in particular.
Energy saving is one of the key cornerstones of the sustainable energy future for any society. We provide value engineered energy conservation and management solution valuable to all sectors i.e. domestic, industrial, commercial and agriculture. Our solutions incorporate a combination of international best practices and local realities to deliver optimum results.
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on an Energy Assessment and see what KASAB Green Energy Services can do for you! | <urn:uuid:465dcdca-d0bd-4c56-9b56-533592193c78> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.k-ges.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.905822 | 688 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Israeli Supreme Court ruled on Thursday that it is illegal for the Israeli army to use Palestinian civilians as “human shields”.
Chief Justice of the Israeli Supreme Court, Aharon Barak, issued his ruling in response to petitions filed by the Association for Civil Rights in Israel, Adalah, in its name and on behalf of , ACRI, Physicians for Human Rights-Israel, B’Tselem, The Public Committee Against Torture in Israel, HaMoked, and other human rights organizations.  ÂÂ
Adalah filed the petition in May 2002 against the Commander of the Israeli Army in the West Bank; the Chief of Staff of the Israeli Army; the Minister of Defense; and the Prime Minister.
The organization argued that the practices of the army are direct violation to the International Law.
The petitioners argued that the army’s use of Palestinian civilians as human shields and/or as hostages is inhumane treatment and violates the right to life, physical integrity, and dignity.
The petitioners also argued that this practice constitutes a “grave breach” of the Geneva Convention (IV) and thus, amounts to a war crime
“The army cannot utilize the civilians for the army’s military needs”, Justice Barak said, “It also can’t force them to collaborate”.
“Based on this principle, we ruled its illegal to use the civilians as human shields”, the ruling reads, “It is also illegal to use civilians to pass military warnings to the residents the army wants to arrest”.ÂÂ
Israeli soldiers repeatedly used Palestinian civilians as human shields in their operations in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip; the civilians were forced to approach homes and hideouts of wanted residents, several residents were caught in crossfire between the resistance and the army, and were wounded or killed.
After the petitions were filed in 2002, the court issued a temporary injunction against using Palestinians as human shields.
The army, responding to the injunction, claimed that the procedure used is an “early warning” practice, claiming that soldiers used Palestinian civilians as shields after they “had explicitly agreed to collaborate”, and if the activity did not endanger their lives.
Justice Barak slammed that so called “early warning” procedure, quoting the Geneva Protocol which prohibits the occupying army from using civilians against their own will.
Also, Barak called on the military to stop its current procedure saying that the civilians, out of fear from the soldiers, will not refuse to cooperate with the army, and added that “It is uncommon that there is ever really free will; ninety-nine out of 100 times, it’s not free will”. | <urn:uuid:b4f6c55e-735a-4e0c-9f3c-b38394d9e412> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://imemc.org/article/14282/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963568 | 578 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Cutting anabolic steroids, best steroid cycle for lean mass
Cutting anabolic steroids
Anabolic steroids pills canada, anabolic steroids are physically addictive quizlet There are also several combination stacks purposing not only for bulking but also for cutting and adding strength. Most anabolic steroids are banned due to their potential side effects (dramatic weight gain, high cholesterol and blood pressure rise etc) but there are a few substances on the market that can not be banned but also are prohibited, peptide fat loss before and after. These are: GH/srenestren, oxandrolone, and clomiphene citrate. These are the most commonly used anabolic steroids, best cutting prohormones 2021. It is possible for these compounds to be combined with others that are not banned to enhance the effects. GH is a drug that promotes growth of bone, muscle and bone marrow, can you lose weight while prednisone. This allows one to grow up to five times their bodyweight in two months, but also increases risk of osteoporosis, cutting anabolic steroids. Oxandrolone is made from the alcohol of opium poppy, so when this substance is prescribed to a person it is called opiates, side effects of quitting steroids cold turkey. Oxandrolone can be used in various ways and is usually given in liquid form (e.g. a syringe-like injection). Lubered tablets have a coating to help reduce the absorption of steroids, best sarm for burning fat. Clomiphene citrate is the chemical used in most anabolic steroids. It is one of the most common anabolic steroids in sports, especially in weight-cutting, but is also used medically in the treatment of diabetes, can you lose weight while prednisone. OXYContin is also used in many cases, either in combination with GH or as anti-diarrhea drug and also has weight-lifting properties, best cutting prohormones 2021. It is considered more dangerous than most anabolic steroids, which means it may cause liver damage, kidney damage and depression, weight loss on clen. When you use the substances that are banned with the anabolic steroids, you may be better off using substances available in the non-banned form. A combination of anabolic steroids and barbiturates can increase your rate of cardiovascular death. This can be dangerous for people who suffer from heart disease, hypertension, diabetes or are taking any other medications that can potentially cause this, can you lose weight while prednisone. Most anabolic steroids are also banned because of their effects on the developing fetus. It is not known if this can be treated with anabolic steroids, but it may be possible, and it is common practice amongst steroid users to stop during this stage of a pregnancy, steroids cutting anabolic. Anabolic steroids are also classified as hallucinogens and can cause people to go into a psychotic state while using them, which can result in hospitalization. These effects are usually short-lived and are usually attributed to anxiety, best cutting prohormones 20211.
Best steroid cycle for lean mass
Testosterone and trenbolone is the best steroid cycle on this list for lean mass gainsand increases in lean mass. For the most part, using a higher DSH than your target range will increase lean mass gains, best steroid pill stack. This means that your body has to work harder to lose weight and your metabolism will also be higher and thus the gains will be more rapid. This is why it is generally considered wise to have DSH range between 1-3, the best steroid cycle for cutting. If you use a lower DSH, it is generally considered less effective than a higher DSH, because you have less muscle to work with and therefore will gain less in size, best steroid pill stack. The other thing that is a factor of determining DSH is your level of strength training. A strong and lean body composition should increase lean mass gains, best steroid cycle beginner. Strength training will generally increase density (muscle) and thickness (fat, bone) in the body, which would improve DSH and increase the rate of weight gain, cutting after steroids. DSH also has important implications on bone density and strength, best steroid stack to bulk. Bone Density – The density of the body's skeleton can be increased by bone density training. This does not mean a person is getting larger bones, best beginner steroid cycle for lean mass. Instead, this refers to the bone mass which has been preserved and not lost. Strength Training – Strength training can have a benefit on the health of the spine, best steroid cycle beginner. When resistance training, your spine is forced to absorb force and is put under stress from lifting weights which results in an increased bone density. It should be noted that DSH does not mean the body is "lean", top 5 cutting steroids. It simply means the body's tissue has been preserved and not lost. As is the case with fat and protein mass, DSH is a measure of body fat. DSH is the average of three different factors that determine the amount of fat mass that accumulates in your body, top 5 cutting steroids. These are: Age – The number of years that a person has slept Spermatogenesis – the number of sperm production per ejaculation Sperm Count – the amount of semen a person produces in an ejaculation. For most men, this will be around 100-200x the size of a normal healthy male's penis, for cycle steroid mass lean best. If you have been sleeping for years and had a lot of spermatogenesis, your DSH range increases by about 5, the best steroid cycle for cutting2.6 times or 30%, the best steroid cycle for cutting2. In contrast, if you have low spermatogenesis, your DSH increases by only 4, best steroid cycle for lean mass.8 times or 8 percent, best steroid cycle for lean mass. This may seem like a "win" because of the increased muscle mass of both of these factors.
undefined Similar articles: | <urn:uuid:50dfa9f2-e9fd-4ffe-9d0f-3bef02de30ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.laomap.org/profile/jacquelynviney126531/profile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.944088 | 1,247 | 1.53125 | 2 |
On Tuesday, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev fired Moscow’s long-time mayor Yuri Luzhkov in what may be another shudder in the growing rift between the Medvedev and Prime Minister (and former-possibly-future president) Vladimir Putin. By J BROOKS SPECTOR.
While on an official visit to China, Medvedev announced Luzhkov’s axing, saying he had lost “the trust of the president of the Russian Federation”.
The Russian president has the authority to fire mayors and governors, and firing the country’s most powerful regional leader may boost his authority as president and vis-à-vis his current deputy and probable rival, Vladimir Putin. In a letter written to Medvedev just before his removal, Luzhkov wrote, “Recently, being one of the party’s leaders, I have been fiercely attacked by state mass media, and the attacks were related to the attempts to push Moscow’s mayor off the political scene” and that their party “did not provide any support, did not want to sort things out and stop the flow of lies and slander”. Translation: They cut me loose, those ungrateful so and so’s! A Kremlin spokesman said Medvedev only saw the letter after dismissing Luzhkov but his decision was already made.
Luzhkov had been the city’s top politician since the collapse of the Soviet Union, coming into power in Moscow in 1992. He is widely recognised for his role in the thorough rebuilding of Moscow. Along the way, however, his wife, Yelena Baturina, had become extremely wealthy by gaining a large share of the lucrative building contracts for the city’s makeover.
The proximate cause of Luzhkov’s firing seems to have questioning Medvedev’s fitness for office. But the mayor was being pressed to resign himself over a variety of miscues and bad political guesses. By firing Luzhkov, the reasoning goes, Medvedev has demonstrated toughness and decisiveness, undermining the whisper campaign that had been aimed at weakening his standing as Russia’s president, and enhancing Putin’s viability as once-and-future president. This kind of political mud wrestling has generally been unusual in Russia’s regimented political system – except during the country’s raucous elections when pretty much anything goes.
This whole business may also recall the Singapore leader Lee Kuan Yew’s story from when he was president. In describing the relationships among the big powers (China, the US, the Soviet Union) in their dealings with Southeast Asia’s smaller nations, Lee used to tell foreign listeners: “You know, there is the old Asian saying: ‘When the elephants make war, it’s the grass that suffers.’ But if those same elephants should make love, well, the grass doesn’t come out much better.” Moscow politics too seems to be in line for a period when things will be tough on the grass in the looming showdown between Medvedev and Putin – especially if Putin decides to make another run for the country’s the top job – before everybody is kissy and huggy again.
Watch: Associated Press report.
In making public his decision to axe Luzhkov, Medvedev told the media, “It is difficult to imagine a situation under which a governor [Moscow’s mayor is officially called a governor and is appointed not elected] and a president of Russia, as the chief executive, can continue to work together when the president has lost confidence in the leader of a region”. Medvedev then appointed Vladimir Resin, Luzhkov’s deputy as the interim Moscow leader while he sorted through a list of names for the new person to be deployed, er, appointed, to Moscow’s top position.
Apparently seeking to line up behind the immediate victor in what must be one of the early rounds in the wrestling match between the really big guys, party secretary Vyacheslav Volodin from Putin’s (and Medvedev’s) own party, United Russia, quickly lined up to support Medvedev’s decision. “We regret that one of the founders of the United Russia party, due to his own mistakes, has lost the trust of the head of the government,” he said. While Putin himself didn’t make any public utterances, foreign media observers say it is unlikely Medvedev would have taken his step without Putin’s initial acquiescence in the matter.
Maybe Luzhkov’s career also shares something in common with that classic machine politician, “hizzoner”, the boss, the late, legendary Chicago mayor, Richard J Daley, Chicago’s “Mayor for Life”. Daley ruled Chicago from 1955 to 1976, doling out contracts for civic construction to supporters and building a patronage network second to none in American politics, turning the aphorism that “money is the mother’s milk of politics” into a fine art. Daley became a major force in national Democratic Party politics, reliably delivering an overwhelming flood of Chicago and Illinois votes for Democratic candidates for an entire generation.
But the first cracks in Daley’s grip on the levers of power and patronage came from the corrosive 1968 Democratic presidential convention in Chicago, when radical students and others, intent on disrupting the convention, were brutally suppressed by Chicago police – an activity later termed “a police riot”. Daley himself was immortalised when he gave a middle-finger salute on the floor of the convention in the direction of the anti-Vietnam War Senator Abraham Ribicoff – and then mouthing an obvious anti-Semitic epithet at him on national TV as well.
Although he died while still in power, Daley’s rule was increasingly challenged by reformist elements eager to replace his iron grip on the city’s political life.
Back to Russia. Luzhkov, meanwhile, had also been increasingly criticised for his own brand of hubris in ruling like an autocrat, squelching dissent and turning a blind eye towards (or actively supporting and benefiting from) the corruption in Moscow political life. Luzhkov had been further criticised by historic preservationists for giving the go-ahead for the demolition of historic buildings to pave the way for glitzy new developments. On top of this, Luzhkov has been vociferous in his antagonism towards gay and alternative lifestyle proponents. With Luzhkov’s downfall, Right Cause, a liberal political party, was in a celebratory mood saying, “All that the mayor has succeeded in doing in his post has been cancelled out by the lawlessness, destruction of architectural monuments, petty tyranny and blatant corruption.” Meanwhile, the BBC has reported that Russian prosecutors are now pursuing a number of corruption cases against officials in the former mayor’s office but Luzhkov has not been named in these cases – so far.
The immediate chain of events leading to Luzkov’s surprise dismissal seemed to have begun when he publicly took Medvedev to task over the president’s apparent indecisiveness to give the go-ahead for some new highway projects, thereby lining up his support behind Putin’s putative return to the presidency in the future. That was clearly a strategic blunder.
But, the final blow that gave Medvedev the opening to get rid of this thorn in his side seems to have been growing public criticism of Luzhkov’s vacation while Moscow sizzled during a major heat wave, paired with severe air pollution from out-of-control forest fires beyond the city. This gave the usually quiescent, state-controlled TV networks a chance to raise their own critiques of Luzhkov’s activities and to point some fingers at the widely acknowledged corruption.
At his height, Luzhkov was not just your standard, garden-variety regional power broker. He had once jockeyed for the presidency itself against Putin and he clearly didn’t take very kindly to getting instructions from a relative political youngster like Medvedev, the 45-year-old, former law professor who has styled himself to be a techno-friendly video blogger and Twitter aficionado.
Russian political commentators were quick to score this round in favour of Medvedev. Mark Urnov, a Moscow political analyst, told the media, “It’s a victory for President Medvedev that he has the ability to dismiss a person of such heavy political weight.” And Vladimir Milov, a former energy minister and now member of the democratic opposition said, “This dismissal is a sign we are entering a new political era. The myth of that top-down unity is now in doubt.” While Boris Nemtsov, also a member of the democratic opposition, commented, “If Luzhkov’s departure meant a change in politics, it also meant a change in prospects – at least for Medvedev, (who) has a chance to be a real president.” That Russian grass is going to take a beating either way it seems. DM
Main photo: Medvedev and Luzhkov in 2007. Reuters.
Daily Maverick © All rights reserved | <urn:uuid:dc038ccd-9104-4589-b3be-a6e436ff0c09> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2010-09-29-medvedev-vs-putin-battle-looms-as-luzhkov-rides-into-the-moscow-sunset/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.969758 | 1,949 | 1.625 | 2 |
Procedure and conditions for ordering the analysis of antibacterial activity of honey:
1. Only a sample of honey in a cup of at least 100 g will be tested.
2. The honey sample can be delivered in person or by post directly to the contact address of the State Veterinary and Food Institute - Veterinary and Food Institute in Bratislava (VFIBA) (see the Contact section).
3. Fill the MIC Test form, which serves as a binding order and contains a solemn declaration, stating the interest in the Certificate and Quality marks, as well as the VFIBA form (pdf available for download below).
4. After the analysis, a report with the result will be issued to the customer.
5. If you are interested in Quality marks and the Honey Laboratory Certificate (stickers on honey jars - GOLD, SILVER, BRONZE).
6. The certificate together with the quality stickers (up to 100 pieces) is an additional service for 15 EUR. Over 100 pieces, each additional sticker costs 0.05 EUR / pc. The costs are borne by the customer and provided by the Honey Laboratory. Samples of honey that do not meet the set quality parameters will not be issued a Certificate.
7. After the analysis, an invoice will be issued to the customer.
Testing honey antibacterial activity by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)
Determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of honey provides an important measurement for the overall antibacterial efficacy of honey samples. In other words, the MIC represents the lowest possible concentration of the honey sample at which bacterial growth is suppressed / inhibited. The lower MIC value (number), the higher the content of antibacterial compounds and the greater overall antibacterial activity.
Lower MIC number of honey = the greater antibacterial activity of the tested honey
There will be three MIC values expressing the antibacterial potential of honey: 4.5, 9.0 and 18.0. The values reflect the percentage of honey sample solution sufficient to inhibit the bacterial growth of a model bacterial strain - Staphylococcus aureus. The average MIC value of artificial honey (sugars solution only) against model bacterium is 42.5. If the MIC number of honey sample is closer to the MIC of artificial honey, the honey sample is less effective. This may indicate detrimental changes to honey antibacterial potential due to prolonged storage or uncontrolled heating.
Test MIC - 1 sample
Analysis of 1 honey sample
Test MIC - 5 samples
Analysis of 5 honey samples (discount price)
Certificate + Quality Marks (100 pcs)
According to TEST MIC results you can get Certificate with Quality marks from Institute of Molecular Biology SAS, v.v.i.
Additional Quality marks cost 0.05 EUR/ pcs | <urn:uuid:8d426337-059c-4e84-afd0-ddde4863b4c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.medovelaboratorium.sk/en/sluzby/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.8761 | 592 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Raphael Hirsch Biesenthal. haIggeret el haIvârim. Loew: Berlin (1858).
Scanned by the group, Keren Ahvah Meshihit (Jerusalem, Israel). This commentary is entirely in Hebrew along with the Hebrew translation of the Greek text of the NT book of Hebrews. The commentary takes into account the Talmud and Midrash in explaining the book of Hebrews. Except for the translation of Hebrews, the commentary text is printed entirely in Rashi script. | <urn:uuid:b95fa47f-3113-43b5-bdc2-192798631908> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archive.org/details/HaiggeretElHaivrim | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.907728 | 110 | 1.578125 | 2 |
In the last century, bananas have become a staple food in all kitchens around the World and for good reasons. Bananas are an ideal food for athletes because they replenish electrolytes and prevent cramps. What are the benefits of bananas? Let’s Find Out.
Our favourite yellow fruit is not only delicious but also incredibly nutritious. When we eat a banana to start the day well or grab a tasty snack on the go, we usually don’t think about the other benefits of bananas. It supports our immune system, helps protect our heart, and provides energy and vitamins. Here are the benefits of bananas, besides being delicious, that make it probably the Best Food in the World.
Banana has a lot of Potassium
The benefits of Potassium are almost endless and bananas have a lot of it. It can help lower blood pressure, protect the heart, and reduce the risk of heart disease. It also supports the nervous system and improves muscle function. Potassium acts as an electrolyte, promotes circulatory health, helps regulate blood flow and hydration in the body, and allows oxygen to reach your cells. Potassium also helps prevent muscle spasms after exercise and helps heal and build muscles more effectively. A medium-sized banana contains 400 milligrams of Potassium which is almost 10% of the recommended daily value. Do you even need to know the other benefits of bananas?
They provide long-lasting energy
Being involved in sports activities requires lots of energy. Apart from being full of vitamins, bananas contain carbohydrates that give us energy very quickly. Sugar in bananas replenishes the glucose levels of the muscle tissues quickly. Whenever you need energy for your workout, bananas are your best buddy.
Improves digestive health
Each banana contains about three grams of fibre. The fibre in the banana can help prevent constipation, gas, and other unwanted indigestion. Banana fibres help maintain normal intestinal functions because they bind to waste and toxins in the digestive tract and support their elimination from the body.
Promotes weight loss
In fact, some studies have found that a higher intake of high-fibre fruits can lead to increased weight loss over time. For this reason, bananas are often recommended as a staple in a healthy slimming diet for those who want to lose a few kilograms. Bananas also contain high levels of fibre and are full of water which makes it an innocent option to keep your sweet tooth happy during weight loss.
Improves kidney function
Bananas are loaded with Potassium, a micro-nutrient that plays a central role in kidney function. Research suggests that consuming more bananas can help maintain kidney function and even protect against kidney disease.
It should be noted that many patients with kidney disease are advised to reduce their potassium intake, as too much Potassium can be harmful in some cases, so consult your doctor first before eating a banana.
Bananas contain an amino acid called tryptophan. Tryptophan is used to produce serotonin which is the ‘happiness hormone’. A healthy level of serotonin works to lift your mood and prevent mood disorders, such as anxiety and depression. Banana food also contains antioxidants that help release dopamine in the brain, another relaxing hormone. Consuming bananas increase your energy levels, prevent fatigue and maintain a healthy level of these important neurotransmitters to boost your mood.
Affordable, practical and healthy snack
Bananas are low in calories and contain only about 105 calories per medium banana. Against many other processed or high-calorie snacks, bananas are ideal because they are rich in nutrients and fibre. It makes bananas the right choice for anyone watching their calorie intake to lose weight. Bananas are also easy to carry and do not need to be refrigerated.
Price is one of the main advantages of bananas. They are one of the cheapest fruits that you can buy. You can keep them at your desk, in your bag, or even in your car as an emergency snack to ward off hunger when cravings hit.
Also, there is no such thing as a banana gone bad or rotten banana. Now you know What are the benefits of bananas. So, how about starting the day regularly with a delicious banana? | <urn:uuid:d174c131-be58-4012-beea-c6e411472dcd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rapidleaks.com/lifestyle/food-drink/benefits-of-banana/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.946994 | 860 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Advocates and Officials Press Case for Overhauling Key Adoption and Child Welfare Law
Advocates, representatives and former child welfare officials say it's time to change a 1990s-era federal law that incentivized adoptions.
Calling for Reform, President Obama Notes the Impact of Incarceration on Families
Research shows that “people of color are more likely to be stopped, frisked, questioned, charged and detained,” and while African Americans and Latinos make up 30 percent of the U.S. population, they make up 60 percent of its inmates. One of the consequences is that around one million fathers are behind bars, and around one in nine African-American children has a parent in prison.
Mentoring Children of Incarcerated Parents: A Synthesis of Research and a September 2013 Listening Session
About 1.7 million youth in the U.S. have at least one parent in prison. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the number of parents held in prisons has risen 79 percent from 1991-2007. | <urn:uuid:d4a91e9a-d544-479c-a5b0-73a35d4f6e5c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://imprintnews.org/tag/incarcerated-parents | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.938082 | 246 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Bus Meaning in Urdu
Bus meaning in English to Urdu is بڑی مسافرگاڑی (Bari musaafar gaari). Bus synonym words are included Coach, Double-decker, Heap, Omnibus. Similar words of Bus are also commonly used in daily talk like as Bush, Bushel, and Bushy.
- A bus was hired for taking us to lahore.
- A bus was hired to take boys to lahore.
- She went to school by bus yesterday.
Similar Words with Urdu Meaning
Bus Definition & Meaning in English
- (n.) An omnibus.
Bus Urdu Meaning with Definition
Bus is an English word that is used in many sentences in different contexts. Bus meaning in Urdu is a بڑی مسافرگاڑی - Bari musaafar gaari. Bus word is driven by the English language. Bus word meaning in English is well described here in English as well as in Urdu. You can use this amazing English to Urdu dictionary online to check the meaning of other words too as the word Bus meaning.
Finding the exact meaning of any word online is a little tricky. There is more than 1 meaning of each word. However the meaning of Bus stated above is reliable and authentic. It can be used in various sentences and Bus word synonyms are also given on this page. Dictionary is a helpful tool for everyone who wants to learn a new word or wants to find the meaning. This English to Urdu dictionary online is easy to use and carry in your pocket. Similar to the meaning of Bus, you can check other words' meanings as well by searching it online.
Top Search Words Meaning In Urdu
Bus Meaning in Different Languages
Browse English Words by Alphabets
Multi Language Dictionary | <urn:uuid:d10efcf6-5117-469a-bf09-4c3d9d600e93> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hamariweb.com/dictionaries/bus_urdu-meanings.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963781 | 397 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Index of Catechesis FAITH FACTS:
- SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND HOME: PREPARING CHILDREN FOR SACRAMENTS
- WE HAVE BUT ONE TEACHER: CATECHESIS IN OUR TIME
- WHERE DO WE GO WRONG? THE TOP TEN ERRORS IN CATECHESIS
To Request a FAITH FACT or to ask a question pertaining to the Catholic Faith please contact our Information Services department. | <urn:uuid:54f253c9-3893-4359-9f93-deb1015aa06d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cuf.org/resources/faith-facts/catechesis/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.745151 | 97 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Will the ‘Irish Catholic Catechism for Adults’ be used in Irish schools?
As the title of the ‘Irish Catholic Catechism for Adults’ (ICCA) suggests it is intended to be used by and with adults and is not intended to be used in schools. In the past catechisms were widely used in schools but now-a-days religion texts used in schools are more correctly called series or programmes. This is because while generally ‘catechisms’ concentrate on doctrinal content, series or programmes present content taking the age and stage of development of the recipient into account; they engage with different methods of prayer, music, sacred art, poetry, video, online platforms, various educational activities, involvement in the apostolate etc. etc. in order to follow Christ ‘the way, the truth and the life’ (John 14:6). | <urn:uuid:cff64e93-973a-4c9f-9785-022190c4f13f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://brendanoreilly.net/question-2-on-a-series-of-qs-and-as-concerning-the-irish-catholic-catechism-for-adults-icca/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.956658 | 191 | 2.515625 | 3 |
May 1, 2022 (DJIBOUTI, Djibouti): The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) launched the first edition of the IGAD Migration Statistics report at the conclusion of Regional Technical Working Group Workshop on Migration and Displacement Data on April 28 in Djibouti.
The report highlights migration trends as well as the profile of migrant populations in the region. To cite: “the number of international migrants in the IGAD region rose from 3.1 million in 2010 to 6.5 million in 2019, translating to an annual growth rate of 7.4 percent as compared to an annual growth rate of the total population of 2.3 percent. […] These trends signify increased migratory movements within the IGAD region.”
Speaking at the launch, Dr Workneh said: ‘This publication marks a significant milestone in my drive for IGAD to own our own data, so that we can make objective decisions plan and policies. From a practice standpoint, IGAD is engaged in an ongoing intensive regional effort to improve the comparability, accessibility and quality of development data, including on migration and displacement. Specifically, we are working with our Member States on harmonizing data collection, processing and data analysis practices to ensure that our statistical information, meets and exceeds the highest level of scrutiny and verifiability at international level.”
The report is part of the efforts to improve the region’s situation on migration and displacement data. To this effect consecutive regional technical working group meetings have taken place since the working groups inception in 2019. IGAD together with its partners is supporting the Member States in the region to launch a regional data harmonisation process, initiate a plan of action for regional coordination, and establish national technical working groups on migration and displacement data.
The Regional Technical Working Group Workshop which concluded on April 28 solidifies IGAD’s commitment to further improve the availability & quality of migration data within its MS and across the region. In pursuit of this goal, the aspect of data harmonization within and across IGAD Member States is of critical importance.
IGAD’s work on migration data is in line with regional, continental and international frameworks such as the IGAD Regional Migration Policy Framework, the IGAD Free Movement of Persons and Transhumance Protocol, AU Migration Policy Framework for Africa as well as the Agenda 2063, the global Compact on Refugees (GCR), the SDGs and Objective 1 of the Global Compact for Migration (GCM).
This initiative is supported by the Strengthening IGAD Migration Policy Implementation (SIMPI) through the government of Germany jointly implemented by GIZ as well as a cooperation project with the African Union Commission, Statistic Sweden financed by Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) to improve migration data availability and accessibility.
Download attached document in PDF below | <urn:uuid:dc71f1ec-13ce-4d13-8e41-610070f52c6f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://igad.int/igad-launched-its-first-ever-migration-statistics-report/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.907917 | 576 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Marilyn Monroe passed away more than half a century ago, but her legend lives on. Her murky death remains one of Hollywood’s most tantalizing mysteries, but her star power still shines even after her short life.
Eleven years after she died, Elton John sang to her an ode, saying “Your candle burned out long before your legend ever did.” This ring just as true even today. You are most likely aware of it, but the 1950s bombshell has become a 21st century pop culture phenomenon.
Here are some of the ways she impacted the pop culture landscape today:
She represented sensuality in pop culture
Marilyn Monroe represented sexuality in comedy and pop culture, with her films becoming a big part of it. She was a sex goddess, a blonde bombshell – setting the standard for blonde roles in Hollywood. Her voluptuous body, her platinum blonde hair with big curls, her sweet voice, and her ruby red lips has become a thing of legends. She has brought on-screen and real-life innocence and childlike quality since the days of Jean Harlow in the ‘50s, making her sensual image all the more alluring. But more than that, she had a huge impact in the world of entertainment by being an A-list actress in her own right.
Her tragic death made her even more unique. She was more than a movie star or a blonde bombshell, but she became a global sensation in her lifetime. Years after she has passed away, her beauty and image is closely associated to sensuality, which becomes an inspiration to women.
In 1999, she was even named as the sexiest woman of the century by Playboy magazine.
Her iconic look is channeled by many artists after her
Flip through a celebrity magazine, and chances are you’ll find a young starlet or pop singer channeling (or outright appropriating) Marilyn Monroe’s platinum locks, bright and moist carmine lips, and a curvy figure sheathed in something skintight and glamorous.
Madonna has famously appropriated Monroe’s look into her image, as well as big pop stars like Gwen Stefani, Christina Aguilera, Lady Gaga, and Nicki Minaj. Magazine spreads have featured Lindsay Lohan, Rihanna, Nicole Kidman, Viola Davis, and Michelle Williams having their Monroe moments.
Taylor Swift wore a white halter-style dress like Monroe’s in “The Seven Year Itch” on the red carpet at 2011 Teen Choice Awards. Monroe’s original white dress – which was immortalized by her iconic photo where the skirt was blown up by the gust of the wind – was sold at a 2011 auction for $5.6 million. Scarlett Johansson went with a Monroe-esque look with all-white blonde hair and ruby lips at a Dolce & Gabbana ad.
On the big screen, Michelle Williams garnered an Oscar nomination for her moving portrayal of Monroe in “My Week with Marilyn.” And on the short-lived NBC TV series “Smash,” which follows a Broadway musical based on Monroe’s life, two actresses competed to play her.
Her image became an aesthetic of its own
Monroe was one of the most successful actresses of American cinema history and once of the most photographed stars.
Most people today who have not seen any Monroe film know her because of her face. Her portraits can be seen as a design from anywhere to portraits, to clocks, wall decors, binders, notebooks and more. Her image is beautifully preserved, becoming an aesthetic of its own. Her pop culture presence is seen until today and has been part of our lives and imaginations. All around the world, her style, her face, and her persona are impersonated by actresses, actors, and fans from all around the world.
Monroe has been the subject of numerous paintings and life retrospectives. Her face is featured in Warhol’s famous Marilyn silkscreens to Banksy’s stencils.
She brought body-conscious designs to the forefront of fashion
Younger generation are enamored of Marilyn Monroe for something different – not because of her movies nor acting prowess – but because she’s a style type. And a lot of women can identify with that. She’s a certain kind of feminine ideal who brought body-conscious clothes in everyday life. Her mark in the fashion industry is indelible, and she became a fashion visionary who propelled unknown designers to fame.
Monroe’s greatest contributions to beauty and fashion was probably how she embraced her curvy, seductive figure. One of fashion’s biggest innovations is adding plus sizes to clothing options, and though Monroe isn’t a plus size by any means, she has brought awareness to embracing your natural body shape.
She is the epitome of glamor
Marilyn Monroe became a fashion icon due to her unique and irreplaceable aura. Her looks dictated the fashion of the 1950s, imposing a sort of aesthetic code for the red carpet – the code that remains in force to this day.
She looks glamorous with her platinum blonde hair, red lips, flawless curves, and everything she wears automatically dictates the fashion trend. She epitomized glamor very well in her satin gold dress with a deep V neckline, paired with opera gloves, stole of fur and shining jewelry. That style was classic Hollywood glamor, and stylists and designers mimicked that style to be worn by actresses – but none of them was as iconic as Monroe. Undoubtedly, she was the queen of evening dresses. She was always daring, and it must be said that Monroe largely contributed to forging the image of a Hollywood actress: sexy, nonchalant, and glamorous.
Monroe’s red carpet style became a standard for actresses – dressing close to the body, often without straps, and half smiles. She wasn’t afraid to show a little skin, but she was never vulgar or scandalous-looking. Her aesthetics became a fashion legend of its own.
She was a feminist before there was even a word for that
Marilyn had a dumb blonde image onscreen, but her roles were nothing like her. She was extremely intelligent in real life. Monroe was serious about acting, but it seemed like the industry did not take her the same way. When studios kept on pushing and giving dumb blonde roles to her, frustration certainly grew in her and decided that she had enough. When she was disappointed for being typecast and underpaid by the studio, she refused a film project. But when the studio was still reluctant to change her contract, she moved to New York and started her own production company instead.
Back then, studios used to tell actors what movies they can star in, but Monroe fought for and won the right of script and directional approval. This was unheard of during her time.
To this day, her influence is very strong. Every time a woman can produce or direct a film, they have Monroe to thank. Anytime an actress can reject a script and stand up for herself in the entertainment world, she has Monroe to thank.
She gave Chanel No. 5 an iconic scent status
Monroe famously said in a 1952 interview that she wore five drops of Chanel No. 5 and nothing else in bed. That one tiny endorsement is still boosting the brand and the perfume variety up to this day. Since her glamorous image and superstar status was already cemented, she brought Chanel No. 5 to an iconic status with her. | <urn:uuid:80163aa2-22cd-48b9-87d6-48dbcb1f25ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mrpopculture.com/marilyn-monroe-a-pop-culture-phenomenon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.975104 | 1,567 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Sexist expressions in the media are a continuing source of irritation for many women and men. In 1974, the need was felt for a complaints department; the so-called Meld- en Regelkamer, which was initiated by the group Man Vrouw Maatschappij (Man Woman Society). The department responded in word and writing to remarks, especially in the media, which were discriminating and demonstrated against sexist and discriminating pictures in the media.
They sent letters to the editors of newspapers, harassed publicity agents with criticism, responded to discriminating staff advertisements and held lectures. At the end of 1986 the complaints department stopped its activities for the greatest part, but there would be successors.
In April 1992, the Women’s Action group ‘Spuugzat’ (Sick of It) was founded from dissatisfaction with and protest against increasingly sexist publicity. And around 1997, the working group Zij/Hij in Beeld (She/He in the Picture) got started with exposing stereotypical representation of men and women. | <urn:uuid:14d76193-6625-4325-b010-729c08cf752a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://institute-genderequality.org/news-publications/representations/diversity-media/sick-of-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950385 | 212 | 2.515625 | 3 |
• Five units successfully supplied, installed and commissioned at a major oilfield in Argentina;
• Injection units minimize mechanical degradation of the polymer and are part of chemical flooding projects to increase oil recovery rates;
• New installations are part of BASF’s “lab-to-well” chemical solution to extend reservoir life.
In the oil and gas Industry, production declines as oilfields mature. With its enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies, BASF offers solutions that help revive oilfields in decline by maximizing extraction efficiency from the reservoir. Recently, BASF’s high molecular weight polymer and polymer injection technologies for EOR were selected to extend the life of a major oilfield in Argentina.
The design, supply, installation and commissioning of five modular polymer injection units were previously successfully completed in close collaboration with the operator. These units can minimize mechanical degradation of the polymer used in the EOR process and are part of chemical flooding projects to help increase oil recovery rates.
BASF combines standard and high-performance polymers and surfactants into EOR formulations which are tailored to specific field conditions. “A key success factor for chemical EOR projects is the multifaceted partnership with the operator throughout the life of the project,” said Damien Caby, Senior Vice President, Oilfield Chemicals and Mining Solutions, BASF. “This is where our lab-to-well chemical solutions make a difference.”
Lab-to-well means that BASF supports its customers along the entire product development and implementation process, starting in the lab. During the design phase, BASF Enhanced Oil Recovery customizes the chemical solution to reservoir conditions through modelling and laboratory testing. The well operating conditions are considered to ensure the product is easy to implement in the field. For the implementation phase, BASF offers suitable dissolution equipment which supports product efficiency and ensures seamless well operations. Furthermore, BASF provides field support during injection.
In such a polymer flooding project, hydration and injection of the polymer solution with minimal mechanical degradation is essential. “The modular polymer dissolution units were designed using BASF’s vast experience in field hydration. They preserve the polymer chains and are extremely robust. The units operate remotely with minimal maintenance requirements to ensure continuous operation,” said Michael Bueschel, responsible for the enhanced oil recovery business at BASF. “The project in Argentina had a very tight schedule. We were able to meet the very challenging deadlines, while fully complying with the budget. Especially in the final phase of this project, our on-site field support was crucial for the flawless commissioning of the injection units.”
Argentina is pursuing enhanced oil recovery projects in various regions of the country. These polymer flood projects involve supply of BASF’s high molecular weight polymer (HPAM) and polymer injection units.
About BASF Enhanced Oil Recovery
BASF is a leading supplier, manufacturer and innovation partner for enhanced oil recovery. Our comprehensive and innovative product portfolio includes polymers and surfactants designed to support enhanced oil recovery operations in a large variety of field conditions, including more challenging and previously untapped reservoirs. Our product portfolio is complemented by expertise in reservoir stimulation, equipment supply and field service.
BASF Enhanced Oil Recovery (eor.basf.com) is part of BASF’s Performance Chemicals division (performancechemicals.basf.com). The division’s portfolio also includes Fuel and Lubricant Solutions, Plastic Additives, Kaolin Minerals, as well as Oilfield Chemicals and Mining Solutions. Customers from a variety of industries including Chemicals, Plastics, Consumer Goods, Energy & Resources and Automotive & Transportation benefit from our innovative solutions.
At BASF (basf.com), we create chemistry for a sustainable future. We combine economic success with environmental protection and social responsibility. More than 117,000 employees in the BASF Group work on contributing to the success of our customers in nearly all sectors and almost every country in the world. Our portfolio is organized into six segments: Chemicals, Materials, Industrial Solutions, Surface Technologies, Nutrition & Care and Agricultural Solutions. BASF generated sales of €59 billion in 2019. BASF shares are traded on the stock exchange in Frankfurt (BAS) and as American Depositary Receipts (BASFY) in the U.S. | <urn:uuid:2492d4c3-2706-4ce7-a88f-5d0b3797ce9b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.przoom.com/news/173593/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.942168 | 909 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Australian exporters of beef cattle genetics and genetic collection centres will benefit from improvements and streamlining of export processes for semen and embryo exports to major markets, the Federal Government says.
In a statement issued this morning, agriculture minister Barnaby Joyce welcomed the reduction in red tape for exporters through the simplification of export certification requirements.
“Each year Australia exports genetic material that contributes to our economy and to the strength of global genetics for cattle, sheep, goats, horses and canines. For example, in 2013-14 bovine semen exports were valued at $1.8 million,” Minister Joyce said.
The process to export genetic material includes complying with all importing country requirements. Australian exporters also must seek an export permit and health certification from the Department of Agriculture before any animal reproductive material can be sent overseas.
“The Australian Government is here to ensure our exporters remain competitive, so we’ve developed user-friendly templates for our major markets to help streamline the export process,” Minister Joyce said.
A specialised centre was established within the Department of Agriculture in July 2014 as part of reforms to the export of live animals and animal reproductive material just to handle these particular commodities.
The five major markets for Australian genetics exporters of cattle semen and embryos, horse semen, and sheep and goat semen and embryos are Canada, the EU, New Zealand, South Africa, and the US. These markets account for 70 percent of all genetic material exported from Australia.
In the coming weeks, exporters seeking to supply genetic materials to these markets can use the new templates. The new templates can be used by collection centre vets and embryo team vets applying for export certification. The templates are intended to help address the importing country requirements of Australia’s major genetic export markets, providing greater clarity on export requirements and reducing processing time.
The department says it will continue to develop additional templates for other genetic export markets to help simplify certification processes, helping to further reduce costs for exporters.
Information sessions for exporters and veterinarians on the export certification process will be held in major export centres in coming months.
For updates on session details or more about the export certification process for animal genetics visit the Department of Agriculture’s website www.agriculture.gov.au/biosecurity/export/live-animals/reproductive-material
Source: Department of Agriculture | <urn:uuid:bd16c49a-7bf1-4934-929b-3ed2b947e0c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.beefcentral.com/genetics/genetics-exporters-face-less-red-tape/?replytocom=42553 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.884687 | 490 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Lester B. Pearson, who in four elections never won a majority government, is the landslide winner in a Policy Options ranking of Canadian prime ministers of the last half-century, coinciding with the 50th anniversary of the coronation of Queen Elizabeth on June 2, 1953.
In a survey by IRPP and Policy Options in consultation with eminent authorities on Canadian history and public pol- icy, Canada’s 14th prime minister emerged as the overwhelm- ing first choice of a panel of 30 leading historians, political scientists, economists, former senior government officials and a sprinkling of top editors, authors and journalists. (Two duos on the panel each cast a single vote, for a total of 28 votes.)
Brian Mulroney, father of free trade and the GST, was a clear second choice, though respondents were sharply divided, usually between English- and French-speaking Canada, in their assessments of his failed constitutional deals at Meech Lake and Charlottetown. Pierre Trudeau finished in third place in the overall rankings, receiving high marks for the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, but low scores for his mismanagement of the economy and the fiscal framework during an era that saw Canada’s federal debt increase by more than 1,000 percent.
Trudeau was closely followed in the overall rankings, in virtually a statistical dead heat, by Louis St-Laurent, who governed in an era of postwar expansion and prosperity, and received generally high scores for both his economic management, as well as Canadian unity and conduct of Canadian foreign policy. Jean Chrétien ranked fifth overall, though he received the highest scores for the economy and fiscal framework, notably the balancing of the budget and paying down debt out of the resulting fiscal dividend. But Chrétien also received poor marks on leadership, as well as his conduct of foreign affairs, particularly Canada’s rela- tionship with the United States.
However, several panellists pointed out that it is early days to be measuring a prime minister who has not yet left office. Yet there was general agreement that the balancing of the budget and the fiscal dividend, as well as the Clarity Act, defining rules of the road for Quebec separating from Canada, were the major achievements of the Chrétien years.
John Diefenbaker, a towering personality and mesmer- izing campaigner, finished a distant sixth, with most panel- lists regarding his time in office as a succession of missed opportunities and failed policies, though he received due recognition for initiatives such as the Bill of Rights, wheat sales to Communist China in the face of US opposition, and the expulsion of South Africa from the Commonwealth over apartheid. In winning the 1957 and 1958 elections, he also broke the stranglehold of a Liberal dynasty, swollen with arrogance after 22 years in office, and provided the fresh air of democratic change.
Respondents were asked to rate prime ministers on a scale of 1 to 10, low to high marks, in four critical policy areas: Canadian unity and the management of the federa- tion; the economy and the fiscal framework; Canada’s role in the world, as measured by foreign and defence policy and international trade; and social policy and the concerns of Canadians. Panellists were then asked to evaluate how each prime minister found the country and how he left it, and to assess the leadership of each as transformational, transition- al or transactional. Finally, taking all of those factors into account, the panel members were asked to rank each prime minister from first to sixth place. The scores were tabulated by Daniel Schwanen, IRPP senior economist.
Though nine Canadian prime ministers have served the Queen during her remarkable 50-year reign, we arbi- trarily relegated Joe Clark, John Turner and Kim Campbell to 7th, 8th and 9th place. Clark is ranked seventh because, alone among the last three, he at least won an election ”” in 1979. Turner is ranked eighth because he at least fought two elections ”” in 1984 and 1988, and in the second campaign took a bold stand against free trade. Campbell is ranked last because being prime minister turned out to be her summer job in 1993.
That left us with what we called ”œthe Serious Six” prime ministers of the last 50 years: Louis St-Laurent, from 1948 to 1957; John Diefenbaker, from 1957 to 1963; Lester Pearson, from 1963 to 1968; Pierre Trudeau, from 1968 to 1979, and from 1980 to 1984; Brian Mulroney, from 1984 to 1993; and Jean Chrétien, from 1993 to the present.
From English- and French-speaking Canada, from East and West, from left to right on the political spectrum, Pearson was a clear first choice. Though he gov- erned through chaos and con- fusion, with an unrelenting John Diefenbaker dogging him every step of the way, it is clear that as history settles on the Pearson years, it is his achieve- ments, not his bungling or a numbing succession of petty scandals, that stand out.
”œAn exciting turning point in Canadian political history,” writes jury member Antonia Maioni, director of the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada. ”œPearson found the country stuck in the past, and decided to do something about it. Pearson arguably laid the groundwork for the three significant facets of the present era: the multilateral agenda, free trade, co-operative federalism and the welfare state.”
On Canadian unity and the man- agement of the federation ”” the adoption of the Canadian flag, the Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, and the spirit of co- operative federalism are clearly land- mark achievements of the Pearson years. His determination to accommo- date the aspirations of Quebec within Confederation enabled the creation of the Canada Pension Plan with an opting out formula that allowed the establishment of the Caisse de DépoÌ‚t et Placement du Québec. While Quebec’s Quiet Revolution was unquestionably a seismic event, Pearson’s leadership from 1963 to 1968 averted a tectonic shift along the fault line of the Ottawa River.
When he left office, as Peter C. Newman wrote in his perceptive 1968 bestseller, The Distemper of Our Times: ”œNo matter how history finally judges him, there can be little doubt that Lester Pearson provided the moderat- ing influence that helped bring under at least temporary control the cen- trifugal forces threatening to split English and French Canada apart dur- ing the mid-Sixties.”
As Alain Gagnon, Canada Research Chair at l’Université du Québec aÌ€ Montréal, wrote in his appraisal: ”œLester B. Pearson is surely the prime minister who contributed the most to bringing English Canadians and French Canadians together. He left his mark by making a call for asymmetric federalism.”œ
Ironically, as his biographer John English notes in his appreciation of Pearson in this special issue of Policy Options, he made his reputation in for- eign policy as external affairs minister in the 1950s, but created his lasting legacy in domestic policy as prime minister in the 1960s.
He received the highest marks of all ”œthe Serious Six” prime ministers on Canadian unity and managing the federation, as well as on social policy and foreign affairs. And why not? In addition to the flag and the B&B Commission, Pearson practised execu- tive federalism in a dizzying succes- sion of federal-provincial conferences, of first ministers as well as ministers with portfolios.
While federal-provincial confer- ences had no constitutional role, they became important, if not indispensa- ble, in the governance of the federa- tion during the Pearson years and ever since. When Trudeau wanted to patri- ate the Constitution, when Mulroney wanted to amend it, when Chrétien wanted new arrangements of the social union, each called the premiers to the table of the federation. Each had a different vision, or concept, of function- al federalism, but each adhered to the Pearsonian model of a partnership between Ottawa and the provinces.
As for the Maple Leaf flag that Canadians now take for granted as a symbol of unity, it is generally forgotten that the flag debate was among the most divisive public policy issues of the last 50 years. It should not be forgotten that Pearson, with his determination to put it on the national agenda and his quiet courage in carrying it to a Canadian Legion meeting in Winnipeg, not only framed the discus- sion but carried the day.
On social policy, in addition to the Canada and Quebec pension plans, Pearson increased Old Age Security, and as the father of medicare, adopted the 50-50 cost- sharing between Ottawa and the provinces that was later replaced by the block-funding formula imple- mented by Trudeau.
On foreign policy and Canada’s role in the world, Pearson also ranked first, partly because of his record dur- ing his decade at External Affairs, a period that included the founding of NATO in 1949, and his winning the 1957 Nobel Peace Prize for the Suez peacekeeping initiative at the UN. But as prime minister, Pearson also con- cluded the Canada-US Auto Pact, fore- runner of free trade, and repaired relations with the US, which had been sorely strained during the Diefenbaker- Kennedy period.
Brian Mulroney, who like Diefenbaker broke the reign of a Liberal dynasty, became the only Conservative leader since Sir John A. Macdonald to win consecutive majori- ty governments. By the time he left office at the end of his second term, he had used up his entire political capital, and left a country that was quite glad to see the back of him.
A decade later, our panel gives Mulroney full marks for what is unquestionably his biggest achieve- ment ”” the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement, and later the NAFTA, including Mexico. Canadian merchan- dise exports of $100 billion to the US in 1988, the last year before imple- mentation of the FTA, had grown to $350 billion by 2002. Exports to the US, accounting for less than 19 percent of GDP before free trade, had grown to 33 percent of output in just 15 years. By the reckoning of Pierre Pettigrew, the current minister of International Trade, exports have created four new Canadian jobs in five between 1993, when the present government came to office, and 2000.
Yet as Kim Nossal, head of Political Studies at Queen’s University, observes in his article, Mulroney may be ”œover- appreciated” for free trade, and ”œunder-appreciated” for the goods and services tax. Unlike the hidden 13.5 percent manufacturers’ sales tax it replaced, the visible GST does not apply to exports, and has been a sig- nificant factor in the growth of Canada’s trade with the US, as well as a huge cash cow for Ottawa that has helped the Chrétien government to balance the books.
Mulroney also receives high scores ”” second only to Pearson ”” for Canada’s role in the world, and for restoring good relations with the United States during the presidencies of Ronald Reagan and the first George Bush. Besides the trade agree- ments, bilateral achievements includ- ed the Acid Rain Accord. Many panellists also noted that, like Pearson and St-Laurent, Mulroney often differed with the White House on important issues ”” from Star Wars, in which Canada declined to participate, to sanctions against apartheid in South Africa, to the Rio Earth Summit where Mulroney signed the biodiversity accord, which Bush refused to sign.
Where our panel differed sharply was over Mulroney’s legacy on Canadian unity and managing the fed- eration. There was a clear difference of views, largely though not exclusively along language lines, on the necessity and value of Mulroney’s two doomed constitutional initiatives ”” the Meech Lake Accord, which died in June 1990 when the legislatures of Newfoundland and Manitoba failed to call a vote as promised by their premiers, and the Charlottetown Accord, soundly reject- ed by voters in a 1992 referendum.
While some panellists in English- speaking Canada saw Meech as an unnecessary initiative whose failure plunged the country into a prolonged unity crisis, our Quebec-based panellists, both francophone and anglophone, saw it quite differently. ”œHe tried to repair the bridges between Canadians,” writes Jean Pare, former publisher of l’Actualité, Quebec’s leading magazine, ”œbut without immediate success.”
On the economy and the fiscal framework, most panellists agreed Mulroney inherited a mess from Trudeau ”” from deficits and debt to state interventions such as the National Energy Program. While Mulroney receives high marks for deregulation, tax reform and employment growth in his first mandate, there is general agree-
ment that he didn’t do enough to attack the staggering deficits left behind by his predecessor.
While the Conservative government eventually achieved an operating sur- plus and reduced the deficit as a per- centage of output from 8.6 to 5.9 percent, the deficits remained and the national debt more than doubled again during the Mulroney years.
Still, Mulroney finished a clear second in the overall rankings, pulled up by his strong leadership scores. The panel overwhelmingly regarded him, along with Pearson and Trudeau, as one of three transformational leaders of the last 50 years. A majority of the panel saw St-Laurent and Diefenbaker as transitional figures, while nearly two-thirds of the participants saw Chrétien as a transactional leader.
Trudeau’s third-place finish over- all, and lower in his segment scores, is undoubtedly worse than he would fare with the general public. Many members of the panel cited the patriation of the Constitution with a Charter of Rights as Trudeau’s greatest achievement, which is not to overlook the importance of official bilingualism or his pivotal role in the 1980 Quebec referendum.
When Jean Chrétien, then justice minister, introduced Trudeau to a huge rally at Montreal’s Paul Sauvé Arena on May 14, 1980, he presented the prime minister as ”œthe pride of Quebec and the pride of Canada.” In one of the great Canadian speeches of the 20th century, Trudeau brilliantly personi- fied the appartenance canadienne, the sense of belonging to Canada, which most Quebecers shared. It was a critical moment in the life of the country, and Trudeau defined it by drawing on his mother’s name, which René Lévesque had said proved he wasn’t a real Quebecer. ”œBien sur que mon nom est Pierre Elliott Trudeau,” he roared, ”œc’é- tait le nom de ma mere, voyez-vous?” In a Quebec where millions had traces of Irish or Scottish ancestry, he was speaking to family, but he was also lashing the sovereignists for intoler- ance, their Achilles heel.
It was equally the occasion on which Trudeau pledged that he and his Quebec MPs would ”œplace our seats on the line” for constitutional reform and that they wouldn’t stop until it was done. That it proved to be a different kind of reform than that which many Quebecers had in mind, adopted without the support of either party in the Quebec legislature, would be a debate for another day ”” and to this very day. But the point is that he got it done.
The survey does not measure what Tom Courchene of Queen’s calls Trudeau’s ”œCamelot” factor. From the moment he burst on the scene in 1968 to the evening of his farewell speech to the Liberal convention in June 1984, when he exited with a trade- mark pirouette, Trudeau fascinated the country as an entirely unconven- tional and charismatic leader. Yet as historian Desmond Morton, founding director of the McGill Institute for the Study of Canada, writes in his assess- ment of Trudeau. ”œPhilosopher princes make better literary heroes than practical leaders.”
For all the sizzle of the Trudeau era, many of panellists found the steak somewhat disappointing. On a ranking of his average scores in the four catego- ry segments, Trudeau actually placed fifth in a closely bunched middle of the pack, rising to third on the strength of his ranking as a transformational leader, and wide agreement that the Charter was a transforming act of governance.
Louis St-Laurent also received high marks for his management of the econ- omy and the federation, and for Canada’s high standing in the world between 1948 and 1957, particularly in the UN action in Korea, in NATO and of the St. Lawrence Seaway, St-Laurent actually ranked higher in his perform- ance scores, in virtually a statistical tie with Mulroney for second place, than in his overall ranking, which dipped to fourth, primarily because he was seen as a transitional leader.
Former Globe and Mail and Montreal Gazette editor-in-chief Norman Webster reflected the consen- sus on St-Laurent when he wrote that he ”œfound the country in good shape and growing, post Second World War, and left it in good shape. A good chair- man of the board in essentially steady times, his rule was ended by age and Liberal arrogance in office. Like his contemporary, Eisenhower, he is look- ing better as time passes.”
For McGill’s Morton, St-Laurent ”œmade Canada a middle power, and crafted much of the new, involved foreign policy, from military alliances to third world development aid, that Canadians have come to see as their international image.”
Of Louis St-Laurent, it was later said by one of his Cabinet ministers, that the country ”œran so well it seemed anyone could run it, so they elected anyone to run it” ”” Diefenbaker. The Diefenbaker years, which in the begin- ning signalled that democracy was alive and well in Canada, to the point where Canadians would throw out the governing Liberals once in a genera- tion, soon degenerated into turmoil.
Diefenbaker’s tenure was marked by a succession of crises ”” from firing the governor of the Bank of Canada, to reneging on a promise to station nuclear weapons on Canadian soil, which became the tipping point in the disinte- gration of the Conservative government in 1963. Yet for his generally disappoint- ing performance in office, all agreed he was a dominant campaigner. Even as his government fell apart in 1963, the Chief pulled it together on the hustings to deny Pearson a majority that had been easily within reach. Dief did it again in 1965, meaning that the best prime min- ister of the last half century governed for two terms and five eventful years, with- out the comfort of a majority.
On Parliament Hill, there is a stat- ue of the Chief striking a typical ora- tor’s pose, hand on his hip as always. A few yards away, there is a bronze of a genial Pearson, sitting at his ease.
In a way, Pearson’s statue is his revenge on Dief for all the torments he endured in Parliament ”” he is looking down on the Chief. | <urn:uuid:36160fba-03c9-4965-87b2-d87eefc249d8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/the-best-pms-in-the-past-50-years/the-best-prime-minister-of-the-last-50-years-pearson-by-a-landslide/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.966935 | 4,169 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Viking Age Scandinavians almost exclusively made applied art – aesthetically appealing and useful.
By Emma Groeneveld
Art made by Scandinavians during the Viking Age (c. 790-1100 CE) mostly encompassed the decoration of functional objects made of wood, metal, stone, textile and other materials with relief carvings, engravings of animal shapes and abstract patterns. The motif of the stylised animal (‘zoomorphic’ art) – Viking Age art’s most popular motif – stems from a tradition that existed across north-western Europe from as early as the 4th century CE, but which developed in Scandinavia into a confident native style by the end of the 7th century CE. Often, these animals twist and churn across their surface – imagine decorated carts, engraved jewellery and weapons, wall-tapestries and memorial stones – interwoven with other animals and plant ornamentation.
Narrative art of the region that tells an actual story is found in only a few instances before the last stage of the Viking Age, such as on the rare tapestries that have evaded being unravelled by the passage of time, and on the picture stones found on the island of Gotland in present-day Sweden. Besides the many different carved surfaces, some instances of more properly 3D-art are also preserved, mostly in the form of animal heads that were used to adorn posts, carts or caskets.
Several succeeding and sometimes overlapping styles have been identified within Viking Age decorative art, usually named after the finding place of a famous example of that style, such as:
- Style E (late 8th century CE-late 9th century CE). Important finds from Broa (Gotland, Sweden) and the Oseberg ship burial (Norway); long animal bodies; small heads in profile with bulging eyes; ‘gripping-beasts’ with muscular bodies and claws gripping everything nearby.
- The Borre Style (c. 850-late 10th century CE). Ribbon plait (‘ring-chain’, a symmetrical interlaced pattern); a single gripping-beast with triangular head and contorted body; most widespread of all the styles, found throughout Scandinavia and across the Viking colonies.
- The Jelling Style (just before 900-end of the 10th century CE). Beast with a ribbon-like body; head seen in profile; usually double-contoured body which is beaded; closely related to and overlapping with the Borre style.
- The Mammen Style (c. 950-1000 CE). Great, fighting beasts; spiral-shaped shoulders and hips; often asymmetrical; vigorous and dynamic; ribbon- and plant elements.
- The Ringerike Style (c. 990-1050 CE). Large animal in dynamic pose; movement; powerful and elegant; plant ornament; popular in England and especially Ireland.
- The Urnes Style (c. 1040-at least 1100 CE). Also named ‘runestone style’; very elegant; asymmetrical; motif of the great beast; interweaving, looped snakes and tendrils; very popular in Ireland.
It must be said that although wood and textile must have been prime vehicles for Viking Age art, their often more expensive counterparts in metal and stone do better at surviving, causing a bias in our source material.
Rather than creating art specifically for art’s sake, Viking Age Scandinavians almost exclusively made applied art; everyday objects were jazzed up to make them more pleasing to look at. The rarer pictorial art often seems to match known stories about Norse mythology, depicting such scenes as a Valkyrie welcoming a warrior into Valhalla or Sigurd the Dragonslayer’s story. As Anne-Sofie Gräslund explains:
Religion permeated life in the Viking Age and was especially important in Viking art. Artists and craftsmen certainly would have been important people because (…) art was generally created not for its own sake but as a mark of social prestige, often commissioned by the upper levels of society. Even though much of its meaning is lost to us, we can be confident of our interpretations at least in cases where myths known from Old Norse literature can be identified. Elements of Viking mythology are present in artistic ornamentation, and that religious content would have been obvious to contemporary viewers. (Fitzhugh & Ward, 62).
Both Viking art’s link with the higher levels of society and with religion may help explain why the Viking Age art styles were (for the most part) common across Scandinavia throughout all levels of society. Copying was also standard-practice, which is not so odd considering Viking art’s decorative purpose.
Materials and Techniques
Viking Age art’s favoured materials were mostly things that could be carved or engraved: wood, stone, metal, but also such things as bone and amber. Textile, leather or cloth, for instance in the shape of colourful wall tapestries adorned with pictorial scenes, were also commonly used, although along with wood they are rather bad at standing the test of time. The bulk of material we can actually study thus consists mainly of decorated jewellery or metal utility goods such as horse equipment, as well as weapons and the lively, large memorial stones found in abundance across mainly Sweden and the island of Gotland. The carved wood that has survived, however, is spectacular and stems from such finds as the Oseberg ship burial (c. 834 CE) which was richly furnished with among others a beautifully carved wooden cart and three splendid sleighs, as well as five iconic 3D carved animal-head posts. These rare finds vividly demonstrate what we are missing out on.
The techniques that were used in Viking Age art were mainly those of relief carving or engraving and the use of contrasting materials and colours, with filigree and granulation being popular. A piece of jewellery, for instance, could be made of gilded bronze but decorated with silver. Traces of paint have frequently been found on the larger wooden- and stone objects, too, betraying that these once popped with vibrant shades of black, white and red, although yellow, blue, green and brown were also used.
Origins and Early Developments
The roots of Viking Age ornamentation mainly lie in a broader European Germanic tradition which was utterly smitten with animal ornamentation and was popular through much of north-western Europe from the 4th century CE onwards. Beginning with basic animal shapes, through the Migration & Vendel periods (c. 375-800 CE) when – surprisingly – mass migrations took place throughout Europe, Scandinavia gradually embraced full-blown animal ornamentation, being influenced by Scythic, Oriental, Celtic and Roman art along the way.
In the early 20th century CE, Swedish archaeologist Bernhard Salin divided pre-Viking Age Germanic ornamentation into three styles: styles I, II and III. Style I, which flourished in the 6th century CE in north-western Europe, saw metal chip-carving embellish objects with separate animal-body parts mostly along the borders of central, abstract patterns. Style II was popular throughout Germanic cultures during the 7th century CE and focused on non-naturalistic animals (including otherwise rare predatory animals) forming interlacing patterns, and on the aristocratic image of a horse and rider. By contrast, from the 7th century CE into the early Viking Age, Style III developed within Scandinavia itself. Its basic motif often had two band-shaped animals seen in profile, with openwork shoulders and hips and tendril-outgrowths, the bodies arranged in the form of a lyre. Although this style changed over course of the next few centuries, the motif of the stylised animal in profile remained a central motif in Scandinavian art until the Middle Ages (and even beyond, staying alive in folk art genres although otherwise abandoned).
Style E (Oseberg and Broa)
Style E – the first of the properly Viking Age animal ornamentation styles when it comes to dates – is generally seen as a sub-category or offshoot of Style III and was in vogue from the second half of the 8th century CE through to nearly the end of the 9th century CE. Although related to the broader Germanic tradition, this style is very much native Scandinavian. Animals, often set within a framework, became more abstract than before, displaying long, almost ribbon-shaped, curving bodies with intertwining limbs that develop into open loops and tendrils. Their heads are small and are shown in profile but have big, bulging eyes. Specific variants include a double-contoured creature with a nearly triangular body, a beaked head and forked feet; a round-headed, more coherent animal with little claws and a flap; and the standout so-called gripping-beast style. Anne-Sofie Gräslund vividly describes the gripping-beast:
Its thin ribbonlike body is set off by large muscular shoulders and hips, and its legs end in paws, which grip tight to everything—to the edge of the ornamentation border, to neighbouring animals, or to its own body. The tigerlike beast appears filled with energy and seems to cling to the assemblage at all costs. (Fitzhugh & Ward, 63-64).
Famous for high-quality finds from both the Oseberg ship burial and graves found at Broa on Gotland, Style E is sometimes referred to as the ‘Oseberg Style’ or the ‘Broa Style’. At Broa, 22 gilt-bronze bridle-mounts were found in a grave, indicating the clearly wealthy owner’s horse would have been well-kitted out indeed. The decorations show animals with eyes so large not much space remains for the rest of their heads. Of course, these are standout items; more basic items such as the oval brooches used to fasten women’s clothing were widely decorated in this style, too, demonstrating it permeated Scandinavian society at large.
The Borre Style
Around the mid-9th century CE, the Borre style made its grand entrance, succeeding Style E and remaining popular until at the latest the late 10th century CE. Fully on board with the previously introduced gripping-beasts, the Borre style’s main motif put the beast wholly in the limelight: a single, contorted gripping-beast, its body forming a sort of curved ribbon between its two hips, its face triangular – catlike or masked – with its claws gripping either the border or part of its own body, dominates the scene. A second variant depicts a semi-naturalistic animal seen from the side. The Borre style’s real giveaway is the introduction of the ribbon plait, known as the ‘ring-chain’. Imagine two interlaced ribbons, their intersections overlaid with interlacing circles covered with lozenges (diamond shapes) or other geometrical figures. Crossways nicks could be added for extra bling, and filigree and granulation were frequently-used techniques.
The Borre style is named after the location of a ship burial in Borre, Vestfold, Norway, where gilt-bronze harness mounts displaying this style were found. It was hugely popular not just across Scandinavia but throughout the Viking colonies, too. With the Viking expansion at its maximum at this point in time, this means the Borre style appeared – in more or less pure forms – from the British Isles, including Wales and Scotland, to Russia and eastern Europe, and even to Byzantium. As David Wilson concludes, ‘no other style was so widespread’ (Brink & Price, 328). With Scandinavia gradually converting to Christianity in the last stages of the 10th century CE, the Borre style spans the last full period of paganism and its accompanying burial customs, perhaps explaining the large volume of Borre objects that are preserved.
The Jelling Style
Probably first cropping up just before 900 CE, the Jelling (or Jellinge) style flourished during the mid-10th century and then gradually developed into the succeeding Mammen style. Artistically close friends with – and largely contemporary with – the Borre style, the Jelling style is less common and seems to take inspiration from Style III from the pre-Viking Vendel period (c. 550-c. 800 CE) and Style E with its ribbon-shaped animals seen in profile. Its main motif is an s-shaped beast with a beaded or patterned body, which is usually double-contoured, its head appearing in profile and sporting a round eye and tendrils sprouting out from its nose and neck. Intertwining ribbon interlace and foliage often accompany the animals. The Jelling style is rarely directly merged with the Borre style, but objects sometimes feature both styles used side by side.
The Jelling style was named after a small silver cup decorated in this style, found in a royal burial place at Jelling, Denmark, and just like the Borre style, it was popular not just inside Scandinavia but also in Russia and the British Isles. The north of England even became home to a melting-pot Anglo-Scandinavian style which contained both clear Borre and Jelling elements.
The Mammen Style
The Mammen style developed from the Jelling style from c. 950 CE onwards, prevailing for a few decades while gradually merging with the succeeding Ringerike style, its best-before date expired around 1000 CE. Its main motif really stands out: a great four-legged beast – a griffin or a lion – with a double-contoured body and spiral-shaped hips and shoulders, battles with a snake. The Mammen motif is bold and dynamic, laid out in an asymmetrical way, unaligned with the surface’s axis, and embellished with branching plant ornamentation such as acanthus-shaped crests. The acanthus-shapes betray a likely English influence; they greatly resemble the Anglo-Saxon Winchester style and probably crossed over to Danish carvers during the first half of the 10th century CE, when the Danish presence in England was at its height. The lion or griffin, which is not originally a Scandinavian motif either but suggests a Christian influence, might also have reached Scandinavian ears through this route, although this story is harder to trace.
The style’s most famous example is a runestone found at Jelling in Denmark and imaginatively known as the Jelling Stone which depicts the iconic twisting great beast entwined with a snake. Otherwise, although not many Mammen objects are preserved, the style is found throughout Europe from Ukraine through to Spain, the British Isles, and obviously within Scandinavia itself.
The Ringerike Style
The Ringerike style developed from the Mammen style by around 990 CE and remained popular until c. 1050 CE. Named after memorial stones from Ringerike, north of Oslo, Norway, this style strongly resembles its predecessor, especially where it concerns the large animal motifs – curving snakes, lions, or ribbon animals which strike dynamic poses. However, where Mammen is more wavy and chaotic in its embellishment, the Ringerike designs are laid out on an axis and show a more disciplined, basic asymmetry, with taut and evenly curved scrolls of plant motifs, tendrils and loops. These become even more important in the overall design and create a rich impression of elegant movement, even though the animals are beginning to be a cause for worry when looking at the amount of these tendrils and plants that sprout out of their bodies. Luckily, some tendrils also grow by themselves.
The Ringerike style dominates the runestones of south- and middle Sweden as well as on Gotland, while also appearing in Denmark and in modified form in Norway. In metalwork, the style did not lag behind, either, and some splendid examples are preserved, such as two copper-gilt weather vanes found in Sweden (one from Källunge, Gotland, and one from Söderala, Hälsingland). Loops flow from an axis, taking the form of snakes from which symmetrically-placed tendrils sprout. Their heads both have a pear-shaped eye whose tip points towards the snout – a characteristic feature of the Ringerike style. Acanthus-bud motifs – another staple within this style, and quite probably an English influence – fill up two corners. Presumed to have been brought along to England by Cnut the Great (r. 1016-1035 CE), King of Denmark, England and Norway, the Ringerike style was both popular and influential across the British Isles. It was especially enthusiastically adopted in Ireland, where it struck such a chord it developed independently, even appearing on objects originating from native Irish contexts such as the Clonmacnois crozier.
The Urnes Style
The last of the Scandinavian animal ornamentation-based art styles is the Urnes style, which was most prominent between c. 1040 CE and c. 1100 CE. Because of its prevalence on the runestones of Uppland, Sweden, the term ‘runestone style’ is also found there. Sophisticated, elegant and sleek, even decadent, the Urnes designs are often asymmetric and form an interweaving mass of sinuous, gently curving animals and snakes. There are no abrupt transitions or breaks in the lines. Its characteristic motif is that of a great four-legged beast often struggling with surrounding snakes, biting each other. The greyhound- or deer-esque animals have long necks and slim heads, with snake-like creatures (sometimes with one foreleg, sometimes just a tendril ending in a snake’s head) coiling around the design in figure-eight loops. The pointed, almond-shaped eyes fill almost the entire heads, which are usually depicted in profile. Variation existed, too, which is most obviously visible in metalwork of the time.
The style was named after the stave church that stands in Urnes, Sogn, western Norway, which was rebuilt in the 12th century CE and recycled decorated wood of an earlier date which depicts this particular style. The Urnes style is often found in a Christian context, highlighting the idea that Viking Age art styles were not specifically ‘pagan’ per se but part of society at large. Outside of Scandinavia, it is sometimes found in England and, like the Ringerike style, it was especially well-liked in Ireland. Here, the Urnes style flourished from c. 1090 CE onwards to the end of the 12th century CE and even beyond, impacting not just metalwork but also stonework and manuscript decoration.
The End of the Viking Age
Although the use of animal ornamentation petered out around 1100 CE, it did not disappear abruptly and was actually used on some early 12th-century CE ecclesiastical objects (Scandinavia had been Christian since c. 1000 CE). The Lisbjerg altar from Jutland, Denmark, for instance, combines the native Viking style with European Romanesque. Furthermore, animal art remained in use in peasant society for many centuries after the end of the Viking Age – surely a testament to its role and appeal in this culture.
- Ó Cróinín, D. Early Medieval Ireland. 400-1200. (Longman Group Limited, 1995).
- Brink, S. & N. Price (eds.). The Viking World. (Routledge, 2012).
- Fitzhugh, W. W. & E. I. Ward (eds.). Vikings. The North Atlantic Saga. (Smithsonian Books, Washington, 2000).
- Graham-Campbell, J. Viking Art. (Thames & Hudson Ltd, 2013).
- Jesch, J. Women in the Viking Age. (Boydell & Brewer Ltd, 1991).
- Papapetros, S. On the Animation of the Inorganic. Art, Architecture, and the Extension of Life. (University of Chicago Press, 2016).
- Roesdahl, E. The Vikings. (Penguin Books, 2018).
- Sjøvold, T. The Viking Ships in Oslo. (Universitetets Oldsakssamling, 1985).
Originally published by the Ancient History Encyclopedia, 10.23.2018, under a Creative Commons: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported license. | <urn:uuid:71d7d0ef-8fe5-4f31-8bd1-053f8ee57b10> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brewminate.com/the-art-of-the-viking-age/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.950584 | 4,280 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Russian startup Bartini and engineers from Russia’s National University of Science and Technology Misis in Moscow have successfully flight tested a prototype flying taxi.
The 5 x 5m (16 x16ft) EVTOL (electrical vertical take-off and landing) air taxi features ducted propellers that rotate perpendicular to the vehicle’s body to enable horizontal flight.
Bartini is a Russian startup based in Moscow’s Skolkovo Technopark, and a participant in the McFly.aero online air taxi incubator. The company, which is named after the Soviet aircraft designer Robert Bartini, plans to have its urban air taxi available for commercial use by 2020.
Work on the prototype began at the National University of Science and Technology Misis’ Kinetica High Complexity Prototyping Center in March 2018 and testing began in May. According to NUST, the prototype demonstrated good maneuverability and stability during repeated tests in open space.
Pavel Kosyatov, head of the production department at Kinetica, said, “We had to produce certain parts and components – equipment for the composite coating of carbon fiber – as well as assemble the final version of the air taxi prototype on a 1:2 scale.
“The body is made of polymer materials, the axes of steel and it is powered by lithium batteries. The prototype’s weight is about 60kg (130 lb), and its top speed is about 200km/h (125mph).
“The device is controlled remotely and has four engines each with twin propellers fixed to the movable axes – to carry out its take-off, air support and movement. This use the Bartini effect, named after the famous aircraft designer.”
The company is developing a two-seater and four-seater EVTOL, with the four-seater version planned to have a top speed of 300km/h, a range of 150km (93 miles), a maximum altitude of 900m (3,000ft) and a maximum flight time of 30 minutes.
Bartini’s aerodynamic effect happens when propellers are arranged in a pair with the motors rotating in different directions. The arrangement increases thrust and decreases drag and was named after Bartini, who was the first to use the aerodynamic phenomenon in the DAR Russian seaplane he developed.
Work is continuing on the prototype at NUST, with engineers recalculating the air taxi’s aerodynamic characteristics and creating a full-size test vehicle, said NUST Misis. | <urn:uuid:b197bd32-c5b2-45ff-a721-43cf93d17bdc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.aerospacetestinginternational.com/news/drones-air-taxis/russian-air-taxi-prototype-passes-flight-tests.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.939766 | 531 | 2.09375 | 2 |
In this, their 150th year in business, the history of Winchester firearms is well known. After all, “The gun that won the west” was a Winchester, the Model 1873. The Winchester Model 70 is known as the “Rifleman’s Rifle” and the Model 1894 is perhaps the most successful sporting rifle in history. The company also shook up the scattergun market with classic shotguns like the Model 1897, Model 21 and Model 12.
The raw truth, however, is that none of these guns could have made their mark in history without ammo to shoot out of them. It’s kind of the red-headed stepchild in terms of glory and glamor, but Winchester has been in the ammo business as long as it has been in the gun business.
The story of how Oliver Winchester built his company on the success of the Henry rifle is the stuff of legend. We like our history clean and uncluttered, and like most legends it leaves out the nasty parts. Parts like how the Winchester 1866, the gun that launched the Winchester Company, was created to circumvent Henry’s patents and to cut him out of the deal. I will note that the 1866 used the same 44-caliber rimfire cartridge as the Henry. So you might say that the company launched with that cartridge.
The 1866 was replaced with the Model 1873 and was chambered for Winchester’s first centerfire cartridge, the .44-40 or .44 WCF as it was called then. This new cartridge was reloadable, which was important to its success. With the non-reloadable rimfire the only way to replenish your ammo supply was to buy new cartridges, which could be hard to find on the frontier. But lead, powder and, for the most part, primers worked for reloading any and all centerfire cartridges and were more easily found. This alone was a huge factor in exploring the country and in western expansion. From that humble beginning Winchester went on to introduce a dizzying array of cartridges. The larger frame 1876 model alone came in .45-75 Winchester, .40-60 Winchester, .45-60 Winchester and .50-95 Winchester Express.
A quick count comes up with 37 obsolete centerfire cartridges with the Winchester name on them, ranging from the .22 WCF through the .70-150 Winchester, although only one gun was made for the latter. Still in production for centerfire rifle cartridges, I count 29 with the Winchester name. Among them are some of the most popular cartridges in use today, like the .30-30 Winchester, .270 Winchester and .308 Winchester. With rimfire I count four, two obsolete and two still in production. Same deal with handguns, four cartridges. Two are current (barely) and two obsolete. I think it’s safe to say that Winchester was, is and will be a powerhouse in ammunition.
Here are a few highlights from the early years:
• Winchester entered the shotshell market in 1886 with Rival brand ammo in 10, 12, 14, 16 and 20 gauge.
• In 1890 they introduced the .22 Winchester Rimfire cartridge (now obsolete). This was in conjunction with the introduction of the Model 1890 pump-action rifle.
• In 1895 Winchester introduced the first smokeless powder commercial cartridges, .30 WCF and .25-35 WCF. (The .30-40 Krag pre-dated them by three years, but was a military cartridge.) Winchester changed the world with the .30 WCF, more commonly called the .30-30 Winchester, as it remains one of the most popular rifle cartridges on the market.
• Not only did these new cartridges use smokeless powder, but they attained higher velocity by using guiding metal jackets on the bullets. They laid the groundwork for all of today’s bottle-neck sporting cartridges.
• In 1921 Winchester introduced Super-X brand shotshells and in 1925 they introduced the .270 Winchester, one of the most popular rifle cartridges ever developed.
• A big boost to the ammo side came after Winchester Repeating Arms Company went into receivership and was bought by the Olin family's Western Cartridge Company on December 22, 1931.
• In 1939 they introduced the “Silvertip” rifle bullet which remains popular even today. In 1952 they introduced the .308 Winchester, one of the most popular cartridges of all time.
A few other highlights of new cartridges during that period include:
• 1955: .243 Winchester and .358 Winchester (two of my favorite cartridges.)
• 1956: .458 Winchester Magnum.
• 1958: .264 Winchester Magnum & .338 Winchester Magnum.
• 1959: .22 Winchester Magnum Rimfire.
• 1963: .300 Winchester Magnum
In 1961 Winchester introduced the very popular Power-Point bullet, designed for hunting thin-skinned game. In 1963 they started using Grex granular plastic buffer in buckshot and later added it to birdshot loads, which changed how we think about shotgun patterns. In 1965 they launched the AA shotshell, a one-piece compression-formed hull that could stand up to multiple reloadings and it quickly became the favorite of trap and skeet shooters. In 1976 Winchester was the first to introduce non-toxic steel shot shotshells. In 1979 they introduced Silvertip high-performance defensive pistol ammunition in .45 ACP and 9mm.
Labor problems, including a strike in 1979–1980, led Olin to get out of the gun business. In December 1980 the New Haven plant was sold to its employees and incorporated as the U.S. Repeating Arms Company. Predictably, the company went bankrupt in 1989 and was acquired by a French holding company. Later it was sold to the Belgian Herstal Group, which owns Fabrique Nationale d'Herstal (FN) and Browning Arms Company. Olin Corporation kept the ammo company and continued to introduce innovation to the ammo marketplace.
In 1991 Winchester introduced the Super-X BRI Sabot Slug, changing the market forever as today sabot slugs are the standard. In 1993 they introduced Supreme Fail Safe rifle ammunition, which had one of the most technologically advanced hunting bullets ever developed.
In 2001 Winchester again shook up the rifle cartridge world with the introduction of the .300 WSM (Winchester Short Magnum). The .270 WSM and 7mm WSM followed soon after, while the .325 WSM launched in 2004. In 2002 they introduced the Winchester Super Short Magnums with the .223 WSSM and .243 WSSM, while the .25 WSSM followed in 2004.
In 2011 they again stepped outside the box with Blind Side Steel shot. This used a unique hex-shaped pellet. It was named ammo product of the year by American Hunter. The next year they created their first rifle ammo for single species use, the Razorback XT, designed for hunting wild hogs.
Winchester stuck a toe back into the rimfire market in 2013 with the introduction of the .17 Winchester Super Magnum. At 3,000 fps, it is the highest velocity rimfire cartridge ever made. In 2014 Winchester came out with yet another unique shotshell concept. Long Beard XR Turkey hunting ammunition uses what they call Shot-Lok technology. The shot is encapsulated in a liquid resin that hardens and contains the shot charge in a single projectile until it exits the bore. Keeping with the single species concept, in 2015 Winchester introduced Deer Season XP rifle ammunition with an easy expanding bullet that uses a large polymer tip.
Clearly, even after 150 years of making ammo Winchester is still shaking up the industry with innovation. | <urn:uuid:b6956203-10fd-44c0-8024-9d1660078a13> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.americanhunter.org/content/a-century-and-a-half-of-winchester-ammo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.95209 | 1,581 | 2.03125 | 2 |
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One of the main purposes of our Technology In Education Society is to donate innovative technology to education projects in developing countries.
We are big fans of game changing tech such as the RACHEL from World Possible. RACHEL stands for Remote Area Community Hotspot for Education and Learning. With this small, battery powered device education resources from the internet can be delivered to communities without internet access, in fact even without grid electricity! These plug-and-play hotspots are preloaded with content such as Wikipedia, Khan Academy, and CK12 textbooks, and can be completely customized with user content too. RACHELs have been deployed in over 50 countries.
We are working with CAUSE Canada to provide two RACHEL units and 30 tablets in Koinadugu, Sierra Leone. Specifically, the RACHEL units will be used for the CAUSE Kids After School Program, which aims to enhance literacy and math skills for young, female students in Sierra Leone. According to CAUSE Canada, many girls in Sierra Leone do not have access to education. In attempt to address the gender divide and high rates of illiteracy amongst girls, TIES is delivering RACHEL units in Sierra Leone to help girls experience quality education. The goal is to empower young women and to support the leaders of tomorrow.
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Any donations to our technology gifting program would be most welcome. If you would like your donation to go towards RACHEL projects please use the PayPal donate button below and select the TIES initiative that you wish to support; 100% of your donation will go to that project.
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South Australia has copped another belting with a destructive storm lashing the state just 24 hours after super cell thunderstorms knocked out the state’s entire power network.
The intense low pressure system raged across Adelaide and parts of South Australia late on Thursday. The storm packed winds of up to 140km/h, among the strongest the city has experienced, prompting an unprecedented warning from police for workers to head home early and stay home amid concerns emergency services might not be able to cope.
The winds brought down trees across a wide area, causing major damage, and ripped some mid-north buildings apart.
Heavy rain caused widespread flooding, from the Patawalonga River in Adelaide, through to the Barossa and Clare valleys, which copped 54mm of rain.
In Clare, a caravan park was under threat and in the Barossa, a dam burst, prompting an emergency flood warning for the town of Greenock.
Storm surges and huge waves also inundated some communities along the Spencer and St Vincent gulf coasts with the worst centres affected including Port Pirie, Port Broughton and Moonta.
The State Emergency Service responded to more than 660 calls for help, taking the tally to well over 1,000 in the past 36 hours.
The police commissioner, Grant Stevens, said extra police could be brought in from interstate to help cope with the crisis.
The SES chief officer, Chris Beattie, warned the service was at risk of being stretched beyond capacity.
The latest emergency came after Wednesday’s blackout when ferocious winds ripped up more than 20 transmission towers in the mid-north, taking out three of the state’s four major transmission lines.
The premier, Jay Weatherill, described the storm as “catastrophic” and said it had involved weather events not seen before in South Australia, “such as twin tornadoes, which ripped through the northern parts of our state”.
By late on Thursday, 30,000 properties remained without power, some because of Wednesday’s statewide blackout and others as a result of new damage caused by the continued wild weather.
Weatherill warned some households, particularly in northern areas, could remain without power for at least a couple of days.
At the height of the drama on Wednesday, super cell storms with destructive winds and tornadoes ripped more than 20 transmission towers in South Australia’s north out of the ground, bringing down three major transmission lines.
Lightning also damaged energy infrastructure, with 80,000 strikes hitting the state over a short period. It caused a state-wide blackout that plunged South Australia into darkness.
South Australian power transmission company ElectraNet will bring in temporary towers from interstate to repair the transmission lines.
ElectraNet executive manager of network service, Simon Emms, said the company hoped to have one of the three backbone circuits restored by Sunday and would build on that as fast as possible.
Emms said the company continued to work on restoring power to those areas of the state still without electricity but establishing a timeline was difficult.
“That’s a very fair question but very hard to answer at the moment,” he said.
“Obviously, the current wind conditions are hampering restoration efforts. Access to the sites is very difficult and we haven’t finished fully patrolling all the lines yet to ensure we can safely energise them.
“When we’ve finished the patrols, then we’ll safely energise. We’ll then restore the assets with emergency towers.”
Emms said he was not aware of any power system in the world that could handle losing as much energy so quickly without going into blackout.
He said such events were not common but were not unheard of.
Meanwhile, parts of New South Wales were being hit by the tail of the storm cell as it moved on from South Australia.
The weather bureau had warnings in place for damaging winds and potential flash flooding for much of the state, but had revised down warnings for heavy rains.
Broken Hill has borne the brunt of the destructive winds, with gusts reaching up to 90km/h.
Thunderstorms were hitting towns in the north of the state along the Queensland border.
The Riverina, central and south tablelands and parts of the Hunter, Snowy Mountains and mid-north coastal regions were all on alert.
Towns in flood-ravaged central NSW were also being told to prepare for potential flash flooding and further flooding in the next few days.
The central west community of Forbes could be inundated by a second peak of the Lachlan River at the same time the town’s weekend floodwaters reach downstream Condobolin.
The SES predicts the high water marks would occur sometime next week, with 30mm of rain expected on Thursday and up to 20mm on Friday.
At least 50,000 sandbags had been transported into the towns from Maitland in the Hunter Valley and extra crews brought in from around the state.
About 100 properties remained subject to an evacuation order while sittings at courthouses in Forbes, Condobolin and Lake Cargelligo had been cancelled for next week.
The SES was calling on those going to the Deni Ute Muster or travelling inland to check for potential road closures. | <urn:uuid:e5d3b66d-1b97-490a-8dbc-f0492212d7a2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2016/sep/29/south-australia-on-alert-again-as-adelaide-braces-for-strongest-storm-on-record | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.964782 | 1,099 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Love it! Easy to understand and very clear....
Paperback: 102 pages
Publisher: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform (November 7, 2011)
Product Dimensions: 6 x 0.2 x 9 inches
Amazon Rank: 2607914
Format: PDF ePub djvu ebook
Tarot for Beginners is a great introduction to the tarot. This is a concise ‘How-to’ book that is designed to give the reader the easiest and quickest way to get a good grounding into Tarot Reading. The Contents at a Glance are: - Introduction - History of the Tarot - The Tarot Deck - Using the Tarot – simple ways to prepare the cards so they will be in tune with you - Reading the Tarot – simple ways for you to get into tune with reading the Card...
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Social benefits to guarantee eye health reach three times more peopleThe agreement with the Fundació Martí i Bonet led to 1,292 free visits to eye specialists for people referred by social services, with 907 pairs of glasses or contact lenses given over the last year. The figures triple those for 2020, when there were 415 visits and 365 sets of optical wear given. Women account for 55% of all visits, with 54% of users aged between 35 and 65.
Most prescriptions were for monofocal glasses (458), although highly graduated glasses were also given (203), as were progressive glasses (161) and, to lesser degree, rigid and soft contact lenses.
The new social pricing system has enabled people referred from social services to purchase glasses and contact lenses at highly reduced prices, for instance 20 euros for some monofocal glasses or 45 euros for some progressive ones. Even so, this year a quarter of those referred received treatment completely free of charge, a quarter paid part of the cost and 50% paid for their treatment thanks to the price reduction applied by the Fundació.
In the first six months of this year, the City Council devoted 7,000 euros to help people with the cost of glasses and contact lenses. The agreement with the Fundació Ramon Martí i Bonet does not establish a threshold for the number of referrals, although taking into account the figures for the last six months, estimates for the annual volume put the number of referrals at 1,300, with nearly 1,600 visits and 1,000 pairs of glasses or lenses given.
Health and safetyHealth and safety
25/07/2022 17:35 h
Social servicesSocial services
18/05/2022 13:19 h | <urn:uuid:0f2cacf1-cdd6-4aa2-9f95-3d01b4121851> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.barcelona.cat/infobarcelona/en/social-benefits-to-guarantee-eye-health-reach-three-times-more-people_1201200.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.940195 | 361 | 1.601563 | 2 |
A multiple exposure photolithographic technique is presented. The resolution of the technique is limited not by exposure wavelength but by processing. This optical lithography was implemented by multiple exposures with two etchings and with single etching. The resulting positive resists started with a bare wafer with a 1000 A oxide atop. The wafer was coated with resist and was exposed to the first mask. Plasma etching was applied twice until the final pattern was achieved.
|Original language||English (US)|
|Number of pages||4|
|Journal||Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures|
|State||Published - Jan 2000|
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering | <urn:uuid:42faea90-4469-43ad-a754-575aab11f1aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://experts.arizona.edu/en/publications/wavelength-independent-optical-lithography | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.934838 | 190 | 2.390625 | 2 |
HOUSTON (FOX 26) - A new report from the University of Texas School of Law is slamming Houston and its dealings with people living in some city apartments.
“How long am I suppose to be breathing this matter?,” asked a frustrated T.J. Baker, who lives in an apartment complex where she claims her requests for help have been neglected.
Baker says the sewage from the unit above her is overflowing into her apartment unit.
“I’m saying, 'What is that smell?,' and it’s the smell of fecal matter and urine," said Baker.
Apartment management has been notified time and time again, but Baker says nothing gets done to fix the real issues.
“They look at it and they make notes and they make pictures and whatever, but nothing, nothing at all, sir, nothing at all," said Baker.
A 16-month study conducted by the University of Texas School of Law blames the City of Houston, saying it is operating a largely dysfunctional system for addressing tenant safety that appears to have little or no oversight by city leaders.
“In a city with over 450,000 apartment units, that’s just two people responding to claims of mold, bug, rodent infestation, and sewage overflows," said Jo Ann Burbridge, a Sunnyside leader whose community was a focus of this study.
“You’re on the commode and then there’s toilet water coming down on you," claims Baker who doesn't live in Sunnyside but in southwest Houston.
“The City of Houston has responsibility to inspect units, enforce code, but it’s not happening here," says Heather Way, a clinical professor at UT School of Law.
The report also criticizes the City of Houston 311 hotline, citing 58 reports of health and safety issues, but none of those calls resulted in an inspection.
The City of Houston Public Works department responded to the report with the following statement:
We received a copy of the report today and are reviewing the findings and recommendations. This is not the first critical report that the University of Texas School of Law – Entrepreneurship and Community Development Clinic has released about apartment regulations in large Texas cities. But Houston is unique in Texas because it has the third highest number of occupied apartments in the country. About half of all Houstonians are renters. We will evaluate the recommendations as we continue the work of improve the programs and the services we offer the community. | <urn:uuid:f9718430-9484-4471-985d-a36ab79a65be> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fox7austin.com/news/new-report-calls-out-houstons-apartment-epidemic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.965607 | 515 | 1.640625 | 2 |
How Long To Microwave Thawed Hot Pocket. Remember, the cooking time also varies according to the number being cooked. In a microwave (1100 w):
The remaining hot pockets should always be kept frozen or refrigerated as they’re highly perishable. To defrost or thaw hot pockets in the microwave, you need to cook at low power or press the defrost button. Otherwise, continue to cook for another one or two minutes at 50% power.
How Long Do You Microwave A Thawed Hot Pocket?
In your microwave, set it to defrost if it has one. This will help ensure that it cooks evenly. 1 remove the plastic wrap from the package;
How Long To Microwave Hot Pocket?
The maximum safe temperature for most microwaves is 100 degrees f. Heat hot pockets for 12 minutes if frozen or 9 minutes if thawed. Overall hot pockets cooking times.
In The Microwave, Set A Timer For 25 Seconds To Thaw The Food.
For best results, cook one at a time. Putting the hot pocket in its crisping sleeve. A microwaveable dish, plastic wrap, and olive oil are all you need to thaw pizza dough in the microwave.
As A General Rule, You Should Cook A Thawed Frozen Hot Pocket In The Microwave For 60 Seconds.
Can you microwave a hot pocket box? A hot pocket should be cooked for >2 minutes. Hot dogs, hamburgers, and popcorn all go in the microwave quickly. | <urn:uuid:301ab28a-912e-4eb9-b87b-3e4651665f1b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pacific-alliance.org/how-long-to-microwave-thawed-hot-pocket/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.857216 | 313 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Graphene sheets were employed as a diffusion barrier to form highly reliable ohmic contacts to N-polar n-GaN for high-power vertical-configuration LEDs (VLEDs). Before annealing, both Ti/Al and Ti/graphene/Al contacts exhibit ohmic behavior. After annealing at 250 °C, unlike the Ti/Al contact, the Ti/graphene/Al contacts remain ohmic with a contact resistivity of 7.5 × 10-4Ωcm2. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) results show that the graphene sheets serve as a barrier to the outdiffusion of Ga atoms into the electrode. On the basis of SIMS and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy results, the ohmic and degradation behaviors of the Ti-based contacts are described and discussed.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Physics and Astronomy(all) | <urn:uuid:d9a9bcc4-f722-40c5-b4b9-267967ad62ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://koreauniv.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/graphene-diffusion-barrier-for-forming-ohmic-contact-on-n-polar-n | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.896939 | 200 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Origin: a Latin derivative
meaning "Gift of the Earth."
doTERRA is a Latin derivative, meaning “gift of the earth.” From the beginning, the mission of doTERRA has been to share the highest-quality essential oils with the world. Having seen the incredible benefits of using these precious resources, a group of healthcare and business professionals set out to make that mission a reality in 2008.
The first hurdle they needed to overcome was to establish a quality standard in an industry that had never had one previously. The doTERRA Founding Executives were committed to providing only the purest, highest-grade essential oils. This commitment led to the creation of a new standard of quality: CPTG Certified Pure Tested Grade®. Every doTERRA oil is held to the highest possible level of purity.
Now, doTERRA means more than “gift of the earth.” It also means wellness, health, and hope.
doTERRA sources, tests, manufactures, and distributes pure essential oils and natural wellness products to over nine million Wellness Advocates and customers. Our products are shipped to 86 countries and counting.
Through industry-leading, responsible sourcing practices—Co-Impact Sourcing®—doTERRA maintains the highest levels of quality, purity, and sustainability in partnerships with local growers around the globe. The doTERRA Healing Hands Foundation®, a registered 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, offers resources and tools to sourcing communities and charitable organizations, raising self-reliance, increasing access to healthcare, promoting education, advancing sanitation, and fighting against human trafficking. With our social impact mission to triple our impact by 2030, doTERRA is helping the world heal—one drop, one person, one community at a time.
doTERRA has experienced rapid growth since its founding. Below are just a few of our milestones.
To offer everyone the best personal essential oil education and experiences around the world, doTERRA uses the power of people via our modernized direct selling model. This approach allows distributors to work with customers, which allows people to learn about and experience essential oils from somebody they know and trust. This model also creates the opportunity for individuals and families to achieve their dreams of self-reliance.
Over three million Wellness Advocates now use and sell doTERRA products around the world. | <urn:uuid:437cc68d-1f20-42ef-acde-614fcebb52a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.doterra.com/US/en/about-us | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.953249 | 488 | 1.703125 | 2 |
As many as 1,578 people have died in elephant attacks in the country in the last three years, with Odisha recording 322 such deaths, according to data shared by the Union Environment Ministry in Lok Sabha.
The ministry said 585 deaths occurred "due to elephant attacks" in 16 states in 2019-20; 461 fatalities took place in 2020-21 and 532 people died in 2021-22 in such incidents.
Odisha reported the maximum number of deaths in elephant attacks in the last three years – 117 in 2019; 93 in 2020; and 112 in 2021, Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav said in the Lok Sabha.
A total of 291 people died in elephant attacks in Jharkhand, 240 in West Bengal, 229 in Assam, 183 in Chhattisgarh and 132 in Tamil Nadu.
Karnataka, Kerala, Meghalaya and Andhra Pradesh saw 69, 57, 12 and 10 such deaths, respectively, during the period. The ministry said the management of wildlife, including mitigation and management of human-elephant conflict (HEC), is primarily the responsibility of states and Union Territories.
In addition, the ministry provides financial and technical assistance to states and UTs under the centrally-sponsored 'Project Elephant' scheme for protection and conservation of elephants and their habitats in the country.
To reduce man-elephant conflict and to avoid retaliatory killing of elephants, compensation is provided to local communities for loss of their property and life.
Various other schemes being implemented by the ministry contribute to the improvement in the natural habitat of elephants by augmenting water sources, planting of fodder trees, regeneration of bamboo etc.
The Compensatory Afforestation Fund Act 2016 and the Rules made thereunder also provide for the use of the fund for the development of wildlife habitats, including for elephants, establishment of animal rescue centres, etc. which also contribute to reduction in human-elephant conflicts.
The ministry had issued guidelines for the "Management of Human Elephant Conflict" in 2017. In April this year, it had released a field manual for frontline staff to manage such cases.
Critical elephant habitats are notified as 'elephant reserves' for focus and synergy in elephant conservation and to reduce conflict. So far, 32 elephant reserves have been established in the country.
(Disclaimer: This story is auto-generated from a syndicated feed; only the image & headline may have been reworked by www.republicworld.com) | <urn:uuid:75a02fc8-0cf1-4d52-b612-fb6f21377513> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.republicworld.com/india-news/general-news/over-1500-people-died-in-elephant-attacks-in-last-3-years-govt-data-articleshow.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948397 | 514 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Tips to Change Media Sync Options iPhone – AppleRepo.com, Syncronizing an iPhone is a process of copying data such as your contacts, web bookmarks, emails, and calendars from your iPhone to or from your computer. The first step is to activate your iPhone. This would take you to the sync management window. The minute you arrive at the sync management page, your iPhone should automatically start synchronizing with your computer — if only you have the latest iTunes software installed on your computer. You may need to change the sync option by clicking on the tab at the top of the Window.
How to change media sync options on iPhone in 1-minute
- Install the latest iTunes on your computer and make sure it is up-to-date.
- Check for the cable that came along with your iPhone and connect it to the computer.
- The iTunes should open as soon as the computer recognizes the new device. Now locate and select your device and click on the info tab.
- Select the items you would like to sync
- Click on the Apply button. Your iPhone should start synchronizing now.
Another Tips on How to Change media sync option on iphone
Please follow steps below if you want change media sync option on iphone:
- Step 1: Connect your iPhone to a computer: Connect your iPhone to your computer using the USB cable. You may have to turn on your computer to make it recognize your phone. Your phone will be shown as a disk drive.
- Step 2: Change Media Sync Options: Open iTunes. Click on “File” at the top left of the window. Click on “Account”. Click on “Edit” in the top right of the window. Select the check box next to “Sync Music, Videos, Apps, etc.” Click on “Apply”.
- Step 3: Sync your iPhone: Wait until your phone has synced all your files. You will see a message that says “iTunes has finished syncing”. Click on the “Done” button. Your files should now be on your computer.
Additional Information on Syncing iPhone
You can view sync files by clicking on the info tab. The info tab lets you sync contacts, emails, and calendars just the way you want it. Actually, what happens is that when you click on the tab, it will take you to a Window where you would find all the media files your iTunes has identified on your computer. You also get to see what is currently being sync, if any.
The iPhone Media Syncing Options setting lets you set your iTunes to what you need it to be. On the iTunes, you can choose to merge your information, which mingles your data. The replace option would simply replace the old data with the new one.
In summary, to sync devices such as iPhones, iPod touch, or any other Apple devices is easy. They follow almost the same steps. It is very easy to sync iphone / iPod touch with a computer. It gets a lot easier like ABC if you have synced data before. The general steps of media sync options on iphone involve connecting your apple device to the computer via the cable that came with it. Select your apple device from the list.
It is a great idea to first name your apple device. Decide if you want the iTunes to sync automatically with your Apple device or not. I always allow mine to sync automatically. To sync only items you have selected, on the iTunes windows, select Only Sync Checked Songs and Video check box. | <urn:uuid:dc855a5b-5a40-437e-a1c5-1d2bdb651c60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.applerepo.com/how-to-sync-iphone-syncing-iphone-iphone-syncing-options/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.904457 | 741 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Our team is passionate about ensuring that our children are given the best opportunities to thrive. In some situations, it is necessary to have a child formally assessed by a clinical psychologist to understand their strengths and difficulties. This is particularly the case if they are having real difficulties academically or socially. These assessments need to be thorough, because there are so many different things that can contribute to the way that children learn, interact with their friends and family, and explore the worlds around them. Misdiagnosing children can have a significant impact on their development and can worsen their prognosis. This is why our approach is individualized to each child.
What Can You Assess For?
Parents, family members, teachers or pediatricians commonly request a psychological assessment for a child if they suspect they are presenting with a neurodivergent profile. This includes those children who might be on the Autism Spectrum or who are displaying difficulties with attention and concentration consistent with ADHD. It is also common to request an assessment that explores the way a child might learn and if they have either strengths or difficulties that might effect their ability to participate in the classroom.
What Is Involved?
If your child has been referred for a psychological assessment, it will usually happen over numerous sessions. Initially, you will meet with the Psychologist first for an hour. During your first visit, the Psychologist will likely ask a range of questions to help them better understand your circumstances, the behaviors, and how things have been developing over time.
After this initial appointment, a 2-4 hour session will be booked for formal testing. This might include a range of pencil and paper tests, questionnaires, and tasks that need to be completed in a certain order. It might also be necessary for the psychologist to observe your child in their classroom or pre-school.
The Psychologist will then interpret the results of their assessment and write a report. After this is completed, you will then be asked to come in for a feedback session. During this session, the Psychologist will summarise the results of the testing and offer any recommendations moving forward.
How Much Does It Cost?
Our reception team will organize an initial appointment with one of our clinical psychologists before they decide on the type of assessment that will be necessary. This session will need to be paid for privately and will cost $400.00. Typically, clients referred for Diagnostic Assessments will then be seen for up to five hours over three sessions. They will also receive a report at the conclusion of testing. In most cases, up to three formal tests will be administered. A full quote will be provided after the first session. This will need to be approved by the parents of third-party before we proceed.
Occasionally, the Psychologist may recommend that other tests and measures be used based on how the child performs. If this is the case, you will be notified before the assessment starts and if additional costs will be incurred. We will ensure that you are provided a comprehensive quote that will need to be approved this if it the case. Payment is required in full before the report is released by the Psychologist. We have a range of payment options available if this is something that you would like to discuss with our friendly team. | <urn:uuid:35d0e720-a865-43f2-8d8f-73f0237656c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ascendingpsychology.com/child-assessment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.960811 | 657 | 2.34375 | 2 |
1. If your forte is etymology, you probably know that the word “forte” comes from what sport?
2. What country”s astronauts are called vyomanauts, from the Sanskrit word for “sky”?
3. What MLB expansion team adopted the same name as a local NHL team, which moved away more than a decade earlier?
A. Colorado Rockies
B. Florida Marlins
C. Kansas City Scouts
D. Toronto Blue Jays
4. The most common name for pet goldfish also happens to be the name of a James Bond villain. What is it?
5. This question is legen — wait for it — what TV character”s job was never defined, but it did involve the Goliath National Bank — dary?
A. Tracy Jordan
B. Tom Haverford
C. Dwight Schrute
D. Barney Stinson
6. What 1979 Vietnam movie begins with “The End,” or more exactly, the Doors song of that name?
A. “Apocalypse Now”
B. “Coming Home”
C. “The Deer Hunter”
1. A. The forte is the strongest part of the sword used in fencing.
2. C. Vyomanauts are from India.
3. A. There were Colorado Rockies in both the NHL and MLB.
4. A. Lots of goldfish are named Jaws.
5. D. Barney Stinson was legen — dary!
6. A. “Apocalypse Now” starts with “The End.”
Facts of the day
“How I Met Your Mother,” the show was created by Carter Bays and Craig Thomas, is based it on their experiences as recent Wesleyan grads. The pair also recorded the show”s theme song, “Hey Beautiful,” as The Solids. Barney Stinson, by the way, was named for a heroin peddler in the James Ellroy book “L.A. Confidential.”
Stamps aren”t just paper and glue anymore. Hong Kong and Malaysia both issued glow-in-the-dark stamps, and China celebrated the Year of the Pig a sweet-and-sour-scented stamp that even tasted that way when you licked it. Brazil did the same sort of thing to promote its coffee. | <urn:uuid:cbbe481d-1f35-496a-b8e8-e3829edffc7a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dailydemocrat.com/2015/04/18/trivia-bits-dont-spar-over-words-origin/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.940608 | 581 | 1.625 | 2 |
We were delighted to welcome Ian Foster and Lewis Gates as this week’s PIE at Lunchtime speakers.
Both Ian and Lewis are part of the London based homeless charity Glass Door. Glass Door is London’s largest open-access network of emergency winter shelters and support services for both men and women affected by homelessness.
Ian spoke to the pupils about the services that Glass Door provide, as well as the effect that the pandemic has had on the homeless community in London.
During the winter of 2019-20, Glass Door provided emergency shelter to 829 individuals whilst their army of volunteers helped cook and serve up over 30,775 hot meals. Between June 2019 – 31 May 2020, their six drop in centres provided support and advice to 1,434 individuals and helped 243 guests access housing and 67 individuals work. As a result of the pandemic, unfortunately all of their 34 night shelters have been closed due to shared air space and only two of their six drop in centres have been able to remain open.
As the Government’s ‘Everybody In’ initiative – introduced during the pandemic to provide shelter within hotel rooms for individuals sleeping rough – is now drawing to a close, Glass Door will be providing Covid-safe single occupancy rooms in hostels to individuals to help replace the shelters that cannot yet re-open.
As the nights grow longer what better time to learn about Glass Door and support the fantastic work that they do.
Click here to find out how you can get involved. | <urn:uuid:ff09f4ed-84c7-4db7-9bc6-6211fc42121f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.putneyhigh.gdst.net/pie-at-lunchtime-glass-door/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970552 | 308 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Enrich your understanding and application of the Parallel Curriculum Model!
The Parallel Curriculum: A Design to Develop High Potential and Challenge High-Ability Learners remains a groundbreaking publication offering an innovative model for rich curriculum development across varying ability levels. Its four parallel approaches to curriculum development were designed to challenge all students to greater expertise across content areas while helping teachers challenge and develop their own expectations.
The Parallel Curriculum in the Classroom, Book 1 delves more deeply into the classroom application of the Parallel Curriculum Model, providing in-depth examinations of how to:
- Design appropriate curriculum using the Parallel Curriculum Model
- Effectively apply focusing questions when planning for each of the parallels
- Modify the curriculum and classroom environment for students to learn from multiple perspectives
- Extend opportunities with the Curriculum of Identity
- Plan curriculum and instruction using Ascending Intellectual Demand
For teachers, curriculum and instruction directors, staff developers, and administrators, The Parallel Curriculum in the Classroom, Book 1 makes designing and planning with the Parallel Curriculum Model clear. Challenge and reward yourself and your students with this promising new model!
See The Parallel Curriculum in the Classroom, Book 2 | <urn:uuid:cef6c186-72e2-4559-ac93-e4830af20219> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://us.corwin.com/en-us/nam/book/parallel-curriculum-classroom-book-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.889836 | 249 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Quebec shouldn’t restrict the ability of CEGEP students to choose whether they study in English or French, according to a new report by the government agency which advises the minister responsible for the province’s language laws.
The opposition Parti Québécois has called for Bill 101, which restricts access to English-language elementary and secondary schools, to be extended to CEGEPs.
Quebec high school students graduate in grade 11 and must attend a two-year CEGEP program before attending university in the province. CEGEPs also provide vocational training.
The PQ claims that allowing large numbers of francophones and allophones, those whose first language is neither English nor French, to attend English-language CEGEPs is contributing to the “anglicisation” of the Montreal area.
According to the Conseil supérieur de la langue française, restricting access to English-language CEGEPs could upset the linguistic balance in the province.
In their recommendations, the Conseil points out that the majority of allophone and 95 per cent of francophone CEGEP students attend French-language schools. The report also says that the percentage of allophone students choosing to attend French-language schools has increased by around 20 percentage points in the past 10 years.
Quebec’s culture minister, Christine St-Pierre welcomed the recommendations, once again describing the PQ calls to extend the language laws as “radical.”
PQ language critic, Pierre Curzi was less impressed, accusing the Conseil of not being rigorous enough in their report.
While Curzi said it was understandable why francophones and allophones in the Montreal area would choose to attend English-language CEGEPs, he said, in French, that there need to be clearer “signs the French language is the official language, it’s the communal language, it’s that language that we live in, period. Work, study, everything.”
The Conseil is also recommending that French-language CEGEPs make themselves more attractive to anglophone and allophone students and that English-language CEGEPs should improve French language instruction.
The full report is available here, it is in French. | <urn:uuid:549c6c26-1bab-4fcc-af7f-6ecad0f0d05e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.macleans.ca/education/university/new-report-says-cegep-students-should-have-language-choice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.948163 | 482 | 2.234375 | 2 |
By Euro Weekly News Media • 13 December 2012 • 14:00
THE Junta de Andalucia hopes that regular use of bicycles will increase by 10 per cent in the next five years.
The Junta has drawn up the Andalucian Bicycle Plan, the main aim of which is to promote the use of bikes within cities.
The Plan will lay the basic criteria for the development of mobility policies which help to decrease the use of individual motorized vehicles, and instead promote the use of bikes and public transport. This in turn will reduce greenhouse gasses and use of energy, while helping to improve public health.
The regional government sets Sevilla as a prime example of how bikes can be used as a regular means of transport. There are 120 kilometres of cycle lanes in Sevilla and 24 million yearly usages of the lanes. Between 2006 and 2011, use of bikes in Sevilla rose from 0.6 per cent to nine per cent.
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Download our media pack in either English or Spanish. | <urn:uuid:0fa1ad06-3c9e-476b-9eef-2f10b59eb988> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://euroweeklynews.com/2012/12/13/junta-plans-to-promote-healthy-transport/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.894779 | 349 | 2.296875 | 2 |
What is a CT Scan?
You all must have heard a doctor saying that a CT Scan is needed in this case to reach a diagnosis, and every time, you must have wondered why it is even necessary. In this post, you will learn about the basics of CT scans. You can check aboutimi.com to find out what to expect in a CT scan.
Basics of Computer Tomography
Computerized Tomography scan in medical terms, uses computers and x-rays to view your body parts in cross-sections. It is a giant hollow cylindrical machine with a doughnut-shaped cavity in which your body goes, around which the x-ray head rotates. It signals the computer to produce various thin slices of images of your body parts on the computer. Thus, creating clear and detailed pictures of your affected body part for a definite diagnosis by the doctor.
CT Scan with Contrast
It is also a type of CT Scan in which a contrast material or dye is used to highlight a clearer image of specific tissues. The medical practitioner either asks you to drink the contrast material or injects that into your body.NO; it is not harmful to your body, and most of the time, it is passed in urine in 24 hours.
Preparations for a CT Scan
There’s nothing much you have to do. Follow simple instructions your doctor gives you before a CT Scan, like coming early for the test, not eating or drinking anything for 4 hours before the test, taking your regular medications, if any, and wearing comfortable clothes without zippers and metals. In the case of a contrast CT Scan, some blood is also required before the test. In case of allergy to the contrast agent, anti-allergic medications are also prescribed.
Need for a CT Scan
As pointed out earlier, it is used to diagnose diseases, but that is not the sole purpose. It is used to locate infections, bone fractures, muscle problems. Even in the case of cancer, tumor size, location, severity is also determined. The effectiveness of treatments for heart diseases and cancer are monitored too. See, that’s why it’s so helpful!
It’s not that every patient requires CT Scan, but it’s a boon for many patients. Though you may think that it is costly, its benefits overweigh its expense. So, if your doctor asks you to get a CT done, don’t ignore his advice. | <urn:uuid:a34f541c-d224-40b1-abbd-057aa9efb4c4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.infectionstreatment.com/what-is-a-ct-scan.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947343 | 508 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Bulgarian Archaeologists Find Unique Gold Thracian Treasure
Bulgarian archaeologists have found a unique gold Thracian treasure in the famous Sveshtari tomb.
The team, led by one of the most prominent Bulgarian experts on Thracian archaeology, Prof. Diana Gergova, from the National Archaeology Institute at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BAS, made the discovery during excavations at the so-called Omurtag mount.
The researchers found fragments of a wooden box, containing charred bones and ashes, along with a number of extremely well-preserved golden objects, dated from the end of the 4th and the beginning of the 3rd century B. C.. They include four spiral gold bracelets, and a number of intricate applications like one which shows the head of a female goddess adorned with beads, applications on horse riding gear and a forehead covering in the shape of a horse head with a base shaped like a lion head. The objects weigh 1.5 kg, but the excavations continue.
The precious find also contains a ring, buttons and beads. Gergova explains that it seemed the treasure was wrapped in a gold-woven cloth because a number of gold threads were discovered nearby.
The Professor says these were, most likely, remnants from a ritual burial, adding the team expects to discover a huge burial ground, probably related to the funeral of the Gath ruler Kotela, one of the father-in-laws of Philip II of Macedon. She notes this is a unique find, never before discovered in Bulgaria.
According to her, the Omurtag mount is the biggest one in the Gath center, which was their religious and political capital while the Gath were the tribe that influenced the most western tribes such as the Celts.
Gergova expects the treasure will entice the Culture Ministry to finally fund in full this emblematic Thracian site, part of the archaeological reserve Sboryanovo with the Sveshtari tomb, which is on the world cultural-historical heritage list of UNESCO.
The Professor says the Omurtag mount must be turned into a museum where the excavated segment could become an exhibit hall.
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“Every new beginning comes from some other beginning’s end.”
Closing Time, Semisonic
This image has been going around twitter, and it’s…wow!
2021 was quite a year for funding blockchain start-ups. And 2022 appears to be even bigger. One such start-up, Consensys, recently raised $450m from Microsoft, Softbank and some other (https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/15/consensys-doubles-valuation-to-7-billion-with-microsoft-backing.html).
Where is all this money going? Well, I think of it as the end of the beginning. Web3 and crypto came from truly nothing, which is highly unusual. Most other technologies, come from something else and builds on top of it, but Web3 did not exist prior to 2009 and Satoshi Nakomoto’s seminal paper on bitcoin. (worth a read, even if you’re not technical — much like reading the US Constitution, even if you’re not a lawyer/government type).
The beginning was what we thought would happen with new technologies. It basically works and we can do some somewhat interesting, but mostly rudimentary things with it. It was hard to use and suffered from all sorts of other problems when compared with alternatives: slow, expensive, inflexible, difficult to develop on. But, there were bits that excited people, and showed promise. And now, we’re starting to see many of the uses come mainstream.
Surprisingly, to me at least, NFTs have become one of the newer mainstream components. While bitcoin has been around for a while, and there are lots of ads shilling bitcoin, this is done mostly as an investment — not so different from trying to persuade people to buy a certain mutual fund or gold. But, NFTs promise other things. They let any promoter come up with something which can be bought/sold which allows the promoter to pump it. This is generally a new concept. Historically, you could buy a small set of things, but they had to be easily physically possessed, and usually had a short lifetime (like tickets to a football game). NFTs take this to a new concept. Anyone can make an NFT, or series of NFTs, and then promote their use. This could be in the metaverse or somewhere in the real universe.
Other interesting uses are starting to emerge, mostly in DeFi. If you have cash sitting around, the yields are much higher on crypto lending for USDC than anywhere near cash. While it can be more complicated, and there are other risks, DeFi effectively allows people with capital access to (mostly) loan out there money and make much more than low yielding treasuries.
We view Concert as one of the more interesting use cases. We have set up a user interface that abstracts much of the complexity of key management and gas fees, and added enterprise controls. You can mint NFTs and manage them, without having to know about the underlying technologies. Check it out and let us know what you think! | <urn:uuid:b52c144b-175a-4cfc-b709-93721105e311> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.getconcert.com/the-end-of-the-beginning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.967289 | 655 | 1.914063 | 2 |
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Thailand's decision to repatriate large numbers of Hmong refugees back to Laos is the latest in a worrying trend in South East Asia - one that risks undermining the United Nations and the freedoms of thousands of people
A relatively peaceful haven in a bad neighbourhood, Thailand has taken in hordes of South-East Asians fleeing war, persecution and poverty. But the welcome is wearing thin. This week the Thai army loaded 4,351 ethnic Hmong onto lorries and drove them to the border with Laos, whence they had fled. None was allowed access to United Nations officials, who might have classified them as refugees deserving protection and eventual resettlement. Yet Thai officials called their eviction “voluntary”.
Recruited by the CIA to fight in the 1960s, the Hmong were among the losers in the Vietnam war. Hundreds of thousands fled Laos after the Communist victory in 1975 and eventually moved to America. In 2004 America agreed to take in another 14,000 or so Hmong who had been staying at a Thai temple. Those bundled back to Laos this week had drifted to another makeshift camp in Phetchabun province, hoping to claim international asylum. A separate group of 158 refugees were deported from a detention centre on the border.
A barrage of American, EU and UN criticism failed to stop the expulsion. António Guterres, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, said the repatriation would “set a very grave international example”. Human-rights groups say the Hmong may face persecution in Laos and that their forced return violates international law. Those linked to ragtag Hmong rebels in remote mountain areas are deemed particularly vulnerable.
Laos has insisted that all who return will be resettled peacefully. It denies discriminating against the Hmong, one of dozens of minorities in a poor, landlocked country. But Thailand’s refusal to grant the UNHCR access to the camp makes it unknowable how many had genuine fears of persecution and how many were merely economic migrants.
Thailand’s prime minister, Abhisit Vejjajiva, came to power a year ago promising to restore the rule of law. That pledge does not seem to extend to refugees. Last January the Thai army was revealed to have pushed back hundreds of Rohingya Muslim boat people from Myanmar who then drowned or went missing at sea.
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Indiana bill stirs teacher union backlash over use of projectiles in shooter training
In January, teachers in an active shooter training exercise filed into a classroom at a school in Monticello, Ind., north of Lafayette, where the trainers lined them up along a wall. The trainers then used airsoft guns to shoot pellets — typically plastic — at their backs, leaving the teachers with welts, bruises and abrasions, according to The Indianapolis Star.
“They told us, ‘This is what happens if you just cower and do nothing,’” one of the teachers from Meadowlawn Elementary School told the Star. “I was hit four times. … It hurt so bad.”
Experts say the lineup was unusual for such a training.
Now the Indiana teachers union is fighting an amendment to a state bill that would continue to permit such projectiles being fired on school staff during an active shooter training. But the bill stipulates: only if the participant consents to it and only if the person is told in advance that projectiles would be used.
Indiana State Teachers Association President Teresa Meredith said the teachers in Monticello had signed a waiver but didn’t know they’d be shot with pellets.
“We’re in disbelief that people would consider that,” Meredith said, claiming it can cause physical and emotional harm. Even if a teacher agrees to the tactic, she said, “Why do they think that’s OK?”
Mishawaka Police Capt. Brian Fox said he’s used airsoft guns in active shooter training that he’s organized for area school staffs, but not in any kind of lineup. Airsoft is used in sports where opponents tag each other, shooting at a lower velocity than pellet guns. Fox emphasized that he clearly separates participants into three groups.
There are “in-depth role players” who face the chance of getting hit with airsoft pellets if they’re exposed to shooters. Most of these are police, he said, but sometimes school staff say they want to “play.” It is totally voluntary and involves signing a waiver. Beforehand, he said, he demonstrates the firing of an airsoft gun and explains that it can leave a sting and a welt. Participants also wear protective gear such as protective glasses.
“I don’t want subjects to be in pain if they don’t want to,” Fox said. “Everything is always explained.”
There are also role players who are exposed to the firearm noises. They may have to run after someone, but they won’t be shot with projectiles, he said.
A third group, he said, are observers who pretend to be among the injured or bystanders, not moving but only standing or lying down. They are outside of the shooting areas.
The bill’s sponsor, Rep. Jim Lucas, R-Seymour, said the ISTA is misrepresenting the amendment with “fearmongering and distorted facts as usual.”
House Bill 1253 would specify a curriculum to train teachers and other school staff in the use of firearms and authorizes the state to pay for it.
As amended, the bill would prohibit schools from firing “any kind of projectile” (as in pellet guns) at school employees during a drill unless the employee consents to it and is informed in advance that projectiles would be used. Lucas emphasized that the trainings wouldn’t be mandatory, he said.
Likewise, the bill would also prohibit using projectiles for drills that involve students.
The amendment was added last week in committee by Sen. Jeff Ratz, R-Richmond, which Lucas said he supports “100 percent.” The bill has passed the House, and it had a second reading in the Senate on Monday.
Lucas said that, as a volunteer with local police, he’s been hit with pellets, gassed and tased, and he added, “I’ve learned something valuable from every situation.”
“Those things can happen in an active shooting,” he said. “I don’t understand why you wouldn’t want to train for that.”
For those who agree to possibly being hit with pellets, Fox said the physical sensation teaches a person’s mind and instincts: “I’ve got to move. I’ve got to get out of this area.”
But whether or not airsoft guns are used in training, Fox said, depends on what the training is trying to accomplish. He didn’t use them in a training last summer at Penn High School, though it did involve shooting blanks, since it focused on moving medical workers in and out of the school.
St. Joseph County Sheriff Bill Redman recalled that training as “very successful,” explaining that “it gave us an opportunity to go through a lifelike scenario.” Law enforcement, he said, were able to practice going through the steps they take.
Fox said he did use airsoft guns six years ago in a training at Penn, though not for a training for a bus assault.
In her 12 years as an ISTA officer and 22 years before that as a teacher, Meredith said she’s never heard of projectiles being fired in an active shooter training.
Meredith argues that, apart from physical and emotional harm, using pellet guns isn’t necessary, saying, “We don’t set teachers on fire to teach them about fire safety.”
Lucas called that “over the top rhetoric,” adding, “No one was permanently injured (by projectiles).”
Meredith said active shooter training has shown some benefits in Indiana, as seen in school shootings last year in Noblesville and Richmond, where she said teachers followed protocols. But she’d like to see more research into the effectiveness of the more realistic aspects of a shooting, adding that the trainings lack oversight by the state.
“Nothing really prepares you for something that’s truly horrific,” she said.
Lucas emphasizes that his bill is about allowing school staff to have access to training that they may want. In the southern Indiana city of Seymour, where he lives, the school district did an anonymous survey of teachers and staff on school safety last year. According to the Seymour Tribune, 165 participants opposed or strongly opposed having teachers and staff carry guns at school, while 128 favored or strongly favored the option. A total of 54 responses were in the middle. | <urn:uuid:114b4f2d-f36e-4d12-81af-90f404a069f4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.southbendtribune.com/story/news/education/2019/04/15/indiana-bill-stirs-teacher-union-backlash-over-use-of-projectiles-in-shooter-training/46500647/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.972556 | 1,383 | 1.914063 | 2 |
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S355J2W+N Corten Steel Plate Specification : Grade : S355J2W+N Corten Steel Plates. Standard : ASTM A588, A242 / ASME SA588, SA242. Width : 1500mm to 4050mm, Length : 3000mm to 15000mm. Thickness : 1.6MM to 200MM. Type : Weathering Steel / Weather Resistant / Corten Steel / High-Strength Low-alloy Structural Steel.Carbon and Low-alloy High-strength Steel PlateCarbon and Low-alloy High-strength Steel Plate is Widely Used In Construction of Bridges, Riveted, Bolted, And Other Structural Elements Included Drilling Machine, Power Shovel, Electricity Drive Wheel Counter- Mine Trolley, Mineral Product Automobile, Excavator, Car Loader.Carbon and Low-alloy High-strength Steel Plate - Carbon asme sa588 grade c low alloy high strength steel RollingCarbon and Low-alloy High-strength Steel Plate Main Application: Carbon and Low-alloy High-strength Steel Plate/Coil is widely used in construction of bridges, riveted, bolted, and other structural elements included drilling machine, power shovel, electricity drive wheel counter-mine trolley, mineral product automobile, excavator, car loader., etc. | <urn:uuid:ca2b8d65-eff4-4ea3-88ff-aab521e3628d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.nabytekdelfin.cz/q235-steelpipe/asme-sa588-grade-c-l_7166.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.810792 | 1,836 | 1.507813 | 2 |
What is the Reliability of conventional hydraulic systems?
Hydraulic system has the advantages of high power, small size, light weight, fast response, high precision and high rigidity against load. Therefore, it has been widely used in many important fields such as metallurgical industry, construction machinery, aerospace, shipbuilding and so on. Hydraulic systems are often at the core of control and power transmission in various equipment and systems.Therefore, it is necessary to study the reliability of the hydraulic system.
The conventional reliability research of hydraulic system is as follows:
1. Reliability design
The reliability design of the hydraulic system is the most important part of the hydraulic reliability engineering. The concept of “reliability is by design” has been recognized by people.The main reliability design methods of hydraulic systems include redundant design, energy-saving design, environment-resistant design and simplified design.
(1) Redundant design
Redundant design uses multiple systems, and when one of them has a problem, it will be removed or isolated through fault monitoring.
Redundant design can significantly improve the reliability of the system, so that it can continue to work in the event of a failure.It is generally used in places that require the system to be “absolutely” reliable, such as aerospace, nuclear power plants, large ground power stations, etc., to ensure the mission reliability of the system.
The disadvantage is that the implementation cost is high, the control model of the system is complicated, and there is a certain limit to the improvement of system reliability.The introduction of redundant units will inevitably cause additional costs. Besides it will increase manufacturing costs, use and maintenance costs.
(2) Energy-saving design
The use of new components and new technologies to realize the energy saving of the hydraulic system can reduce the installed power and failure rate.
If a new type of energy conversion element-hydraulic transformer is used, the hydraulic transformer can adjust the flow and pressure according to the load without loss. The application of hydraulic transformer to the hydraulic system not only brings about a significant reduction in the installed power of the system, but also opens up a new way for reducing system energy consumption and simplifying the structure of the hydraulic system.
(3) Environmentally resistant design
The hydraulic system that works in special environments such as the seabed, underwater, pollution, etc., must be designed for environmental resistance.
For example, conduct theoretical and practical research on the electro-hydraulic servo platform of the underwater oil storage and supply system, design a platform-type electro-hydraulic servo system that can adaptively adjust the hull posture. And do pioneering research work of anti-corrosion and seal the hydraulic components and systems in the marine environment.
(4) Simplified Design
The simplified design can improve the basic reliability of the product. The hydraulic system should use the integrated design of pumps, valves, and tanks as much as possible to reduce pipeline connections. Use unitized and modular design as much as possible to reduce the number of product components and their mutual connections.
As far as possible to achieve the standardization, serialization and generalization of parts and components, and strive to achieve multiple functions with fewer parts and components.
2. eliability prediction
Predicting the reliability of a system is an important parameter to measure the pros and cons of a system and whether it meets the task requirements, and it is also an important means of mutual evaluation between systems.
The reliability prediction of the hydraulic system can generally be predicted by the mathematical model method plus the correction coefficient.
3. Reliability analysis
(1) Fault tree analysis
Fault tree analysis technology is widely used, especially in the fields of nuclear industry, aerospace, machinery and electronics, weapons, ships, chemical industry, etc. It plays an important role in improving the safety and reliability of products.
Fault tree analysis is gradually applied and researched in the reliability, safety, and fault analysis and diagnosis of hydraulic systems. For example, the research on the hydraulic system of crane travel is proposed, and a method of qualitative analysis of the fault tree using the minimum cut-set matrix and the calculation of structural importance is proposed. The fault tree analysis of the hydraulic system of the main cylinder of the hydraulic press is carried out, and the improvement measures of the hydraulic system are proposed based on the analysis results.
(2) GO method
GO method is a success-oriented reliability analysis method. The GO method uses the GO graph to simulate the system, and the GO graph can directly calculate the system’s success probability. For systems with multiple states and timing, it can solve the reliability problems of complex systems that are incapable of fault tree methods. For example, the GO method is used to carry out qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation of the reliability of the hydraulic system of the loader, and the reliability of the hydraulic system is quantitatively evaluated.
With the development of hydraulic systems in the direction of rapid, high-power, and high-precision, hydraulic systems and equipment have more and more functions, structures and information are becoming more and more complex, performance indicators are getting higher and higher, and the work intensity is getting heavier and heavier. The relationship is getting closer.
This situation has brought about two results. On the one hand, productivity and product quality have been improved; on the other hand, the probability of failure has also increased.
Once the hydraulic system fails, it will cause heavy losses. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the reliability of the hydraulic system.
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As one of Canada’s top facilitators, Dave Hardy RPP has directly experienced what goes right and wrong when difficult public decisions need to be made by politicians, governments, agencies and corporations. He’s learned a lot about how to successfully engage the public, how to foster dialogue and how to manage situations when members of the public are angry. He’s also seen the political and financial costs of public engagement being done poorly.
His new book, “Who are These People and Why are They Yelling at Me? The art and science of managing large angry public meetings” is a must read for anyone who must engage the public. The book provides advice and practical lessons for politicians, civil servants, corporate CEO’s and public affairs staff who need to involve the public in decision making, particularly where decisions are unpopular but necessary. Dave Hardy shares his unique insights learned from facilitating over 1,500 meetings and provides lessons for engaging the public in a meaningful manner. He gives essential tips for preparing for potential angry meetings and takes you step by step through the dynamics of how to help the group achieve dialogue. Essential facilitation tools and techniques are presented to support ‘extreme facilitator training’.
Through humor, academic insight, and career experience, Hardy teaches facilitation techniques and answers several questions, including:
What are the techniques facilitators use to avoid an angry public meeting?
How do they manage these meetings when they know many people will be angry?
What are some of the unique situations that arise and how should you address them?
As an extreme facilitator, Hardy is often asked, why would anyone in their right mind choose a profession that constantly places you in the middle of a potential riot? Yet, his clients need to make tough decisions or defend actions that have upset large numbers of the public. The clients need someone with deep experience to engage people in a constructive manner. The residents attending want to make sure they are heard.
Before he became a Registered Professional Planner and starting his own firm, he cut his teeth as a community organizer. So, he has deep empathy for communities and stakeholders he works with. When you see huge numbers of angry people showing up at meetings, banks of television cameras and nervous presenters, you’ll also see Hardy in the middle helping to lead the process in a direction that meets everyone’s needs.
Item no. 0097 | <urn:uuid:044432b2-b4ac-4c95-a1a1-6365f2ac8df3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.municipalworld.com/product/who-are-these-people-and-why-are-they-yelling-at-me/?add-to-cart=25617 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.962154 | 511 | 1.804688 | 2 |
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In 1993 the idea to create a natural water reclamation plant versus a manmade chemical water treatment facility was revolutionary. Not one other existed in the state. However, when faced with the options, Beaumont city officials took the risk, turning 900 acres of city-owned land into not only the desired reclamation area, but a diverse ecosystem people from all over the world come to see – Cattail Marsh.
From its location to its inhabitants to its beauty, its utility to locals not to mention its function for the city, Cattail Marsh is a marvel with potential to greatly impact the local economy. | <urn:uuid:87094fe2-4504-4065-a843-4d794609ccb7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.beaumontenterprise.com/life/vip/article/Cattail-Marsh-The-Gift-in-Our-Backyard-11080610.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.96081 | 138 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Xi’An, China, has tightened travel restrictions in the city yesterday as it launched a new test round on the fifth day of the blockade of 13 million people.
Xi’An reported 150 new cases of locally symptomatic coronavirus on Sunday, slightly down from 155 the day before, and authorities could face detention and fines for those who ignore travel and inspection rules. I warned that there was.
The number of cases in Xi’An remains small compared to many clusters in other countries, but authorities are in line with the government’s willingness to contain the outbreak immediately when traveling and leaving the city. We impose strict restrictions. Authorities have not announced infection with the Omicron variant of the 635 cases confirmed in Xi’An from December 9th to Sunday.
China has detected only a handful of Omicron infections in foreign travelers and their south.
Nationally, China reported 162 domestic symptomatic cases on Sunday. This increased from 158 the day before. This is the highest number of cases since the classification of asymptomatic carriers was started in the official daily report at the end of March last year.
Since last week, residents of Xi’An have not been allowed to leave the city without the permission of their employer or authorities.
Since yesterday, vehicles are banned from being brought onto the road unless the offender is detained by police for up to 10 days and fined 500 yuan ($ 78.48) for anti-virus or people’s lives. I am. The city yesterday told residents not to leave the house unless they provided samples in a new round of city-wide testing. According to the city government, if the test is negative, people in low-risk areas are allowed to buy essentials. According to police, those who refuse to comply with the rules during the exam may face detention and fines, including lining up the meters and keeping them away from each other.
http://www.gulf-times.com/story/707010/China-s-Covid-19-cases-edge-higher Covid-19 cases in China are higher | <urn:uuid:a7569e13-052a-4ff5-b860-7014d45b4144> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://worldakkam.com/covid-19-cases-in-china-are-higher/599048/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.961771 | 433 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Inspiration Through Art
Involving children in public art
Linwood Public Charter School recently got a minor makeover in the courtyard when a public art project called The Dreamers made its debut. The project was a collaboration between Linwood Intermediate Principal Starla Ross and S.C.O.R.E., Setting Children on the Road to Excellence. According to Ka’Davien Baylor, the project leader, the mural was an effort to inspire children through the artwork’s messages. Baylor said it’s part of the S.C.O.R.E. Public Art Campaign.
“What it does is reach out to the communities, the children, the students that are facing the downfalls and the pitfalls of COVID-19, which is lessening the creativity, the enrichment activities, within the school. What’s happening, digital arts are being put in place in which the children aren’t able to learn the software in order to do this type of artwork. So, in trying to fill this gap and revitalize communities through public art, we’re also embedding messages of inspiration, hope, love, self-awareness and encouragement.”
Baylor said they have done several other projects around town as well. One on Marshall Street in the 1500 block in collaboration with the Salvation Army Boys and Girls Club.
For its Black History Month project, S.C.O.R.E. collaborated with Booker T. Washington High School to bring 27 students together to experience public art. “We worked with them to create a mural that speaks to the history of Booker T. Washington and the importance of post-secondary education, as well as affirmations within the school for the children to read,” Baylor said.
Baylor said bringing students into the project is a vital component of the work. “When the children are a part of the creation of art, it gives them a sense of ownership, and it gives them something to brag about. They get to tell the other children; they become spokespersons for the artwork. That, in turn, turns them into leaders and people who can direct positive perception to the rest of the students. At the end of the day, we really know that most of the judgement of these types of activities come down to the perception of it. If it’s cool to the kids, then the messages can transcend and be transferred to them.”
When asked how he manages to get schoolaged kids interested in art, he said the secret is making it recognizable. “You include aspects that are relative to the things that are happening in their everyday life. At Linwood, we were specific to include symbols like moneybags, or things they would see on video games, pop colors – things that are attractive to them. Tennis shoes that they would wear, like Nikes or Jordans, include those things they will catch their attention, that they’re really into.”
Baylor is a native Shreveporter whose natural artistic talent was nurtured by his mother. His work was featured in the Shreveport Times, and he participated in projects through the Shreveport Regional Art Council, the Norton Art Gallery and the Talented Arts Program through the Caddo Parish Schools.
After a stint in Houston, he returned home to create the public art that he’s come to love. “That’s how I want to give back and provide opportunities for the students where I come from. So, it’s pretty much a full-circle process for me.” | <urn:uuid:6fdeee88-b5c6-495c-a088-6541376316dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://theforumnews.com/article-4144-inspiration-through-art.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.970765 | 742 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Why did you choose to go this way?
There aren’t many highway options when traveling down the Oregon Coast except Highway 101. The route does use almost every available option other than Highway 101 to travel through a number of scenic areas: Cape Arago and Shore Acres State Parks, the Seven Devils area and Bandon Dunes Golf Course.
What planning challenges were involved with this route?
The challenge was getting everyone to the coast to actually see the Pacific Ocean – as Reedsport, North Bend and Coos Bay are all a few miles inland. This challenge is really a safety-related issue of riding on Highway 101, so the route minimizes the number of miles we will actually be using this highway. The lack of available roads other than Highway 101 is especially true between Reedsport and the next town, North Bend/Coos Bay. There is one county roadway that would allow the route to avoid Highway 101 for a few miles, but using that roadway would require at least one left turn across this major highway each time it was used, and sometimes two left turns. So it’s much easier and safer to continue on the main highway, using the adequate shoulder until arriving at the bridge crossing the actual body of water called Coos Bay – where the Coquille River enters the Pacific Ocean.
The first opportunity to leave the main highway at this point poses the first challenge: safely turning left from Highway 101 to ride around Coos Bay, thus avoiding riding across a narrow, long and high bridge. We are working with the Oregon Department of Transportation, through Cycle Oregon’s Traffic Safety Plan incorporated in our permit application, to minimize the safety issues.
In addition to our presence on Highway 101, which enhances overall traffic safety simply by the presence of such a large number of cyclists, we are looking at placing variable-message reader boards at the north and south terminus of the route each day we will be using Highway 101. We are also discussing using contracted flaggers at the left turn from Highway 101 to assist cyclists in crossing the main highway.
The rest of the route, after leaving the community of Coos Bay, is pretty straightforward. We stay away from Highway 101 until just a few miles before the overnight community of Bandon.
Can you provide a brief point-to-point description of this route?
The route leaves Reedsport and travels on Highway 101 for 20 miles, with the first stop of the day at a myrtlewood factory. Just after this first stop, Highway 101 uses the McCullough Bridge to cross Coos Bay, but this bridge is narrow with no shoulder and an elevated sidewalk, and is quite a distance above the water. Instead of using the bridge, Cycle Oregon’s route turns left just before the bridge and uses a county roadway, East Bay Road, to travel on the east side of the two towns and Coos Bay. This route offers better scenery of the bay and bridge, and also has low traffic volume.
When in the Coos Bay area, it seems almost a requirement to visit the actual coast of the Pacific Ocean. The typical road that cars use to get to the ocean is, obviously, not the way Cycle Oregon gets there. Rather than using the state highway that is signed to direct people to the coast, we’ll use a county roadway that incorporates a “little” hill just out of Coos Bay to arrive in Charleston, an unincorporated community with a fishing harbor. From
Charleston, it’s just a few miles to the ocean, passing Sunset Bay, arriving at Shore Acres State Park for lunch. Our lunch site is on a grass field with a spectacular view of the ocean, within sight of the formal gardens of Shore Acres.
Shore Acres State Park is the former grand estate of pioneer lumberman and shipbuilder Louis J. Simpson. Simpson built a luxurious summer home on a scenic bluff high above the Pacific Ocean, which was later destroyed by fire in 1921. A fully enclosed observation building was constructed on the site of Simpson’s home, offering magnificent views of towering waves, rugged cliffs and glimpses of migrating whales from December through June.
Shore Acres features lushly planted gardens with plants and flowers from all over the world. Something is in bloom almost every day of the year. In the landscaped area you’ll discover a formal garden, an oriental-style pond and two rose gardens that include an All American Rose Selection display.
After lunch, the route continues down the coast for just over a mile on a dead-end road to arrive at Cape Arago. Located on a 134-acre narrow coastal promontory jutting half a mile into the ocean, Cape Arago State Park offers wild vistas of the pounding sea, as well as of Oregon’s sea stacks. This park is also a good place to view marine mammals such as seals, sea lions and whales.
The route re-traces the road back to Charleston, and then turns south on Seven Devils Road. The 16 miles from Charleston to Bandon Dunes Golf Course offers quite a few big “bumps” in the road (seven, actually…), so we’ll have a rest stop at the South Slough National Estuarine Research Center. | <urn:uuid:939ac928-c1ce-4ae1-aa99-379877604308> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cycleoregon.com/blog/route-talk-with-ken-chichester-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.947353 | 1,087 | 2.15625 | 2 |
How Texas law views sexual relationships between minors and teens
Texas is one of many states that acknowledges that teens and young adults regularly engage in consensual sex with other teens who are the same age or below the age of consent. If these teens were caught before the state’s Romeo and Juliet law was established, they had no protection and could face sex offense punishments such as fines, jail time and being forced to register as a sex offender. Typically, the oldest member of the couple would be charged with statutory rape, according to the old statutes.
Now, however, Texas has adopted Romeo and Juliet law to address the scenario of 2 teens in agreement who both consent to the sexual practices within their relationship. This Romeo and Juliet law separates this kind of situation from sexual assault and clearly defines the differences. It is an amendment designed to protect teens due to the changing culture of the 21st century.
What is Texas’ Romeo and Juliet law?
Texas Penal Code 22.011 lays out the “Romeo and Juliet” law by listing it as an “affirmative defense” as follows:
It is an affirmative defense to prosecution under Subsection (a)(2) that:
(1) the actor was not more than three years older than the victim and at the time of the offense:
(A) was not required under Chapter 62, Code of Criminal Procedure, to register for life as a sex offender; or
(B) was not a person who under Chapter 62, Code of Criminal Procedure, had a reportable conviction or adjudication for an offense under this section; and
(2) the victim:
(A) was a child of 14 years of age or older; and
(B) was not a person whom the actor was prohibited from marrying or purporting to marry or with whom the actor was prohibited from living under the appearance of being married under Section 25.01.
Why is it called the “Romeo and Juliet” law?
Many other states have also adopted this amended or new statute in an effort to protect teens from facing the harsh charges involved with sex crimes (including rape convictions). The story of Romeo and Juliet comes from Shakespeare’s story set in the 1300s. Two young teens fell in love, but their parents prohibited them from seeing each other. Tragically, they killed themselves so they could be together in death.
Romeo and Juliet laws aim to protect “young lovers” from harm so that teens are protected (and not arrested).
This includes teens who are close in age and participating in consensual sexual activities below the age of consent. In Texas, both parties must completely consent to the relationship, whether they are hiding it from their parents or other adults in authority or not. If not for this new law, many could be found, identified and convicted with serious sexual charges when both parties only had “love” on their minds.
When was the Romeo and Juliet Law passed in Texas?
Texas joined the growing list of states to pass “Romeo and Juliet” laws when the provision was signed into law by former Gov. Rick Perry in 2011. Currently, Texas is 1 of 24 states with such protections in place.
What is the age gap allowed under Texas’ Romeo and Juliet law?
According to Texas law, even with the Romeo and Juliet law in effect, the age of limitation (the youngest age permissible) for either male or female to legally participate in sexual activity is 17. This law allows teens who are 3 years or less apart in age to have intercourse legally without facing penalties, when previously they could be charged with statutory rape.
Can a 15-year-old be with an 18-year-old in Texas?
According to Texas’ Romeo and Juliet Law, anyone between the ages of 14 and 17 can legally give consent to have sex with someone within 3 years of their age. This means that an 18-year-old and 15-year-old would be able to have consensual sex under Texas law without it being considered a child sex offense. Similarly a 14-year-old could have consensual sex with a 17-year-old under the law.
Can a 16-year-old have sex with a 20-year-old in Texas?
The age of consent in Texas is 17-years-old. In addition, Romeo & Juliet law only allows consensual sex between a couple who is within 3 years of age. So if a person who was age 20 or older were to have sex with a 16-year-old (or younger), it would be considered statutory rape in Texas, regardless of whether or not the sex was consensual.
Is it illegal to date a minor in Texas?
While it is not against the law for an adult to DATE a minor in Texas, it is illegal to have sex with someone who is 14 to 17-years-old if you are more than 3 years older then them, even if the sex is consensual. Breaking this law is considered statutory rape.
Is sexting a crime under Texas dating laws?
Under Texas Penal Code §43.261 (ELECTRONIC TRANSMISSION OF CERTAIN VISUAL MATERIAL DEPICTING MINOR):
A person who is a minor (anyone under the age of 18) commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly:
(1) by electronic means promotes to another minor visual material depicting a minor, including the actor, engaging in sexual conduct, if the actor produced the visual material or knows that another minor produced the visual material; or
(2) possesses in an electronic format visual material depicting another minor engaging in sexual conduct, if the actor produced the visual material or knows that another minor produced the visual material.
Basically, what this means is that it’s against the law for a minor in Texas to possess or send sexually graphic images of another minor via “sexting” or otherwise.
That said, Texas law makes exceptions for certain teenagers. If the image depicts a minor who is within 2 years of the receiver of the sext, and the 2 individuals are in a dating relationship at the time, this is not considered a crime.
For example, if a 15-year-old girl receives a nude photo from her 17-year-old boyfriend, this would generally not be considered a sex offense. However, if the 15-year-old girl sent or received a nude photo to someone she wasn’t dating or her 18-year-old boyfriend, this would be considered a sex crime in Texas.
A minor individual found guilty of a sexting offense typically won’t be required to register as a sex offender in Texas, but they may face misdemeanor charges.
What are the legal consequences (penalties) for breaking Texas’ Romeo and Juliet Law?
Romeo and Juliet Law is an affirmative defense, which means it protects certain teens from being charged with a sex crime. Therefore you cannot be “punished” for breaking Romeo and Juliet Law per se.
However, if a teen is unable to use this affirmative defense, then they may be charged with statutory rape, which is a second-degree felony in Texas punishable by up to 20 years in prison.
How is statutory rape defined in Texas?
Rape is a serious and often violent sexual offense involving at least 2 people, and Texas’ Romeo and Juliet law helps separate the consensual from the non-consensual in a court of law.
The charge of statutory rape is defined as an adult over 18 who engages in a sexual act with someone below the age of consent. The concept of consensual/non-consensual doesn’t have to be determined because the charge can be filed even when the minor is in agreement to the sexual activity.
For instance, if one sexual partner is 23 and is found in a sexual relationship with a 16-year-old, the 23-year-old is guilty of statutory rape — regardless of whether or not the 16-year-old “consented” to the act. The same is also true if the couple began the relationship at legal ages, such as 17 and 16, but then one turns 18 during their relationship, so that he/she is now of legal age. No sexual actions are legally permitted with children under the age of 14 at any time.
For consenting persons, even as teens, this can be unrealistic.
The purpose of the Romeo and Juliet law is to protect consenting and amiable teens from having a criminal record and serving time in jail.
As of 2018, this law states that anyone between the ages of 14 and 17 can legally participate in a sexual act with another who is within 3 years of their age. Both parties must be at least 14 years of age and be accountable for their sexual behavior.
If the ages are farther than 3 years apart or if anyone of any age has sex with a 13-year-old, both of these situations would not be protected by the Romeo and Juliet law.
If you’re charged with a sex crime, knowing this law and others can be vital for your case. You’ll need the expertise and knowledge of a trained Texas sex crime defense attorney by your side. The Law Office of Matthew D. Sharp is committed to providing justice for each and every client. | <urn:uuid:7a7f36e3-69a6-4516-a2be-20ceb29d9bba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sharpcriminalattorney.com/sex-crimes-defense/romeo-juliet-law-texas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.96668 | 1,925 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Anaesthesiology is the medical specialty concerned with the total perioperative care of patients before, during and after surgery. These procedures include (but are not limited to):
- Local Anaesthesia
- Regional Anaesthesia
- Sedation for Day-Care Surgeries
- Pain Management
- For chronic, non-terminal pain
- Intensive & Critical Care
- Palliative Support
- On-Call Services for any Urgent/Emergency cases
Our Anaesthesiologists at Sungai Long Specialist Hospital are trained professionals with years of experience to ensure that the patients are comfortable, safe and pain-free during surgery.
Here at Sungai Long Specialist Hospital, we take our customer’s clinical presentation and experience with the utmost care. Find out more about our Surgeons at Sungai Long Hospital by contacting us today. | <urn:uuid:06e731f3-303d-41e4-9f54-8f1e60120152> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sglonghospital.com/bm/speciality/anaesthesiology/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.92155 | 177 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Today is International Nurses Day, a day to celebrate and honour the incredible work of nurses around the world, especially during this time of COVID-19.
We spoke to one of HenderCare’s Registered Nurse Clinical Educators, Anne Moseley, on how COVID-19 has changed her role and the importance of keeping our team members and service recipients informed as we navigate this pandemic.
Operating in the care sector, many of HenderCare’s team members are working on the frontline and many of our service recipients potentially vulnerable to the virus. As such, Anne’s role as a Clinical Educator has seen her perform vital tasks, including sourcing the latest health advice, assisting with boosting PPE stock levels and updating training in response to COVID-19 health guidelines.
“During COVID-19, I have continually liaised with the relevant internal and external stakeholders, including the Infection Prevention Unit and Communicable Disease Control Branch, to ensure we are aware of any changes regarding COVID-19. With health advice and information changing so quickly, it is essential to support team members and service recipients with any questions that they may have and arm them with the right advice.”
As a part of Anne’s role in clinical education, she also worked closely with HenderCare’s training team to quickly implement specific infection control COVID-19 training. Anne points out that in addition to updated training for team members, “we also had to ensure we had flexibility in the way our training was delivered with new social distancing rules implemented.”
Working alongside HenderCare’s other Registered Nurse Clinical Educator, Teresa Barter, a raft of health and wellbeing information has been disseminated to HenderCare team members. Information and practical exercises, like relaxed breathing techniques, have been provided to help people cope with heightened stress and anxiety during this time.
HenderCare proudly employs nurses who provide a range of services both out in the community and in clinical education. On this International Day of celebration, we wish to thank all of our enrolled, registered and assistants in nursing who work so tirelessly to keep the community safe. | <urn:uuid:33660a23-b91b-4121-a06d-c7b753683dd6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hendercare.com.au/news/aged-care/international-nurses-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.958147 | 453 | 1.679688 | 2 |
1. (verb) to be green (in colour).
I te ngutu o te awa o Hamurana ka tau tō mātou tima, ka haere mā uta, ka mātakitaki ki te āhua o tēnā awa, purata tonu, kākāriki ana (TP 1/12/1901:10). / At the mouth of the Hamurana stream our steamer docked and we went inland, gazing at the appearance of that stream, which was quite clear and green.
3. (noun) yellow-crowned parakeet, Cyanoramphus auriceps, red-crowned parakeet, Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae - small green parrots with long tails.
(Te Pihinga Textbook (Ed. 2): 13, 163;)
5. (noun) green (colour).
He harakeke iraira, he mumura te kākāriki o ngā whā, he kōwhai ngā tāekaeka, he karaka ngā tapa me te tuaka, he mā, he mōhinuhinu te muka o tēnei harakeke (PK 2008:603). / A variegated flax, with bright green leaves, yellow stripes, orange edges and midrib, while the fiber of this flax is white and shiny. | <urn:uuid:f5f715ee-20d0-4ccc-9f64-a0e33394c078> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://maoridictionary.co.nz/word/2104 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.712857 | 313 | 2.859375 | 3 |
A number of legal ruling give landlords rights to restrict smoking. In 2011, Governor Jerry Brown signed Senate Bill 332: Authorizing Landlords to Prohibit Smoking in Rental Units into law. Landlords now have clear authority to create smoke-free policies.
Landlords have the legal right to set limits on how a tenant may use rental property –for instance, by restricting guest, noise and pets. A “no-smoking” term is similar to a “no pets” restriction in the lease – another way for a landlord to protect his or her property.
There is NO constitutional right to smoke. No court has ever recognized smoking as a fundamental right nor has any court ever found smokers to be a protected class. Smoking is a behavior, not a condition of birth.
To learn more about creating a no smoking policy for your community read How Landlords Can Prohibit Smoking in Rental Housing
Contact the agency listed in your area, they can help you:
- Survey your tenants
- Draft policy language
- Provide quit smoking help to tenants
- Offer tips on how to implement and enforce your policy
Other Useful Resources
American Nonsmokers’ Rights Foundation – The Benefits of Smoke-Free Buildings
The Tobacco Education Clearing House of California has various types of signs and stickers that can be custom ordered for your business. For more information visit www.tobaccofreecatalog.org or call 1-800-258-9090 ext. 103 to order a catalog. | <urn:uuid:d0b021c8-5566-4a45-9a13-2672543f4b0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://smokefreesandiego.org/housing/ownersmanagers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.899438 | 310 | 1.96875 | 2 |
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