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Why Study Agricultural Education?
Agricultural education combines technical agriculture, professional education and agricultural education courses to provide students with the foundation needed for a successful career in and out of the classroom. Our Agricultural Education Program prepares graduates for a variety of roles, ranging from K-12 teacher to positions in government, business and the agricultural industry.
Skills and Learning Outcomes
- Develop educational programs based on state and national curriculum standards.
- Effectively advise youth organizations such as 4-H and FFA.
- Utilize instructional technology to support learning.
- Efficiently work with learners from a range of backgrounds, abilities and interests.
- Implement experiential, service and work-based learning programs.
- Create assessment tools that support learner development and program improvement.
Types of Courses
- Curriculum Design in Career and Technical Education
- Agriculture Economics and Management
- Educational Psychology: Middle and Secondary Education
- Foundations of Diversity and Equity in Education
- Introduction to Animal Science
- Leadership and Group Dynamics
- Orientation to Agricultural and Extension Education
- Program Delivery in Agricultural, Extension, and Leadership Education
- Science of Food
“I appreciate the professors’ knowledge and kindness. I know when I have a question or need something, I can go to them and ask. They also try to give as much hands-on experience as they can. Whether it is going out to the lab farm to work with chickens or planting plants in the greenhouse, they try to give us multiple ways to learn the material.”
- Carisa Cleven, agricultural education major, biology education and Spanish minor
Agricultural education majors aren’t limited to the classroom. While you’ll be qualified to teach in K-12 settings, you may be surprised to find how broad your options really are! Potential roles include:
- 4-H Youth, FFA or Extension Development Educator or Adviser
- Agribusiness Science and Technology Teacher
- Agricultural or Corporate Education Coordinator
- Agricultural Lender
- Agricultural Educator
- Production Agronomist | <urn:uuid:5655224b-47c0-4546-afb5-3a4f1fc7ab78> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www-auth.uwrf.edu/programs/agricultural-education | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.923169 | 439 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Preparing for your interview?
Give Veritas Prep a call at +1-310-295-2098 or click to
Isser Gallogly, assistant dean of MBA admissions at New York University’s Stern School of Business, understands the MBA and its potential for changing people’s lives first hand. “I am on my third career,” he told us in an interview. He worked in banking after college and then returned to business school to obtain an MBA as part of a career shift toward marketing. After almost a decade working for Unilever and Loreál, he decided to shift again toward education and academia. “I know how much an MBA has changed my life both personally and professionally, and helping others on that journey seemed to me to be a very gratifying job opportunity,” he said.
In the interview that follows, he talks about the mission of the Stern School under Dean Peter Henry and a new Essay 2 for full-time applicants, as well as some of the things he thinks not all prospective applicants know about Stern. And if Stern is one of your target schools, you’ll want to pay close attention to the very detailed explanation Gallogly provides of the admissions process at Stern, including his emphasis on the importance of the interview. So read on and be prepared!
Clear Admit: What’s the single most exciting development, change or event happening at NYU Stern this coming year?
Isser Gallogly: As you may know, Peter Henry began his deanship at NYU Stern in January 2010 and is uniting the Stern School behind a mission: to develop people and ideas that transform the challenges of the 21st century into opportunities to create value for business and society. He tells our students that we are in the business of imparting 21st century skills for 21st century careers. Here are some examples.
All of the incoming full-time MBA students in the Class of 2013 began their MBA experience with a brand new orientation called Launch. Launch challenged students to think differently about the world and business and to consider a broad set of possibilities about how they can have impact to benefit both business and society. However, we think about Launch as much more than a program. Rather, Launch is a mindset that underpins the entire experience we deliver at Stern. During Launch, Dean Henry challenged students to seize opportunities at Stern to raise their ambitions about how they might create value. Some worked with Professor Paul Romer, director of Stern’s new Urbanization Project, through our Stern Consulting Corps program on the groundbreaking issue of redefining urban development in the developing world. Others worked alongside Professor Arun Sundararajan on his project to study the socioeconomic impact of bringing a Unique ID to India’s 1.2 billion people. And there are many more examples of our mission in action.
We also continue to attract the very best faculty. NYU’s Thomas Sargent won the Nobel Prize in Economics in October. We now have three Nobel Laureates—Sargent, Professor Robert Engle and Professor Michael Spence—on our faculty.
And this summer, we announced the introduction of a new Essay 2 to our full-time MBA application for Fall 2013 applicants, the first major change in our essays in six years. The question will help us assess an applicant’s fit with the Stern mission and mindset about creating value in an environment of increased ambiguity.
CA: What is the one area of your program that you wish applicants knew more about?
IG: There are two big misconceptions. The first is that Stern is a finance-only institution. The second is that the community may not be collaborative. Both of these ideas are incorrect.
Of course, we are close to Wall Street and we do have a strong finance program, and people certainly come here to pursue careers in the financial sector. But we also have a phenomenal marketing program. We launched a new specialization this year in digital marketing for students who are interested in tapping into the opportunities at the intersection of technology and marketing, for example.
Within marketing we also have a great entertainment and media focus, and we have expertise in the area of luxury and retail as well. One of our newer academic specializations is luxury marketing. On the marketing front, not only will you get to work with CPGs – Colgate, Kraft, Unilever, etc. – but we also have a lot of marketing opportunities with luxury/retail, financial services and pharmaceuticals. At Stern, marketing is much broader in its range of industries.
And yet people don’t know as much about a lot of these things at Stern. We also have a wonderful program in entrepreneurship and social innovation. Really, the list goes on and on. I think if people looked a little deeper, they would see we are very strong across the board.
The second thing that people think when they think of New York – for right or wrong – is that it can be a very aggressive culture. I think the surprise that people get when they experience Stern is that the culture is very collaborative, very diverse and very team based.
We have one of the highest percentages of women, we have people from all over the globe and we have people who bring experience from a range of industries, from investment banking to entertainment to marketing. But as different as they all are, what these people all have in common is that they respect one another and work together. And we aim to shape our community with people who possess what we call IQ + EQ—the combination of strong intellectual and interpersonal strengths.
So, to reiterate, we are much more than finance, and the culture here is incredibly collaborative.
CA: Walk us through the life of an application in your office from an operational standpoint. What happens between the time an applicant clicks “submit” and the time the committee offers a final decision (e.g. how many “reads” does it get, how long is each “read,” who reads it, does the committee convene to discuss it as a group, etc.).
IG: We have three deadlines, but we employ a rolling notification process, which makes us unlike some other schools that have a round system. We do provide initial notification deadlines as to when we will get back to you, but typically that’s the latest possible date and we try to get out our initial notifications as soon as we have them. We recognize that this is an anxious process, and we don’t make people wait unnecessarily.
Our process is holistic, and we evaluate the individual. Everyone gets reviewed by the Admissions Committee and every application is reviewed more than once, so it’s not just a single individual’s decision. And in some cases, the committee will debate considerably. In every case we just try to ensure that everyone gets a full and complete review and is seen from more than one vantage point.
One aspect that I think is unique about our process has to do with who’s reviewing the applications. In some schools, students, part-time help or alumni are involved. But at NYU Stern all applications are reviewed by trained admissions professionals who are part of our full-time team. Occasionally we will bring in some help, but even then these are people who have been a part of our team.
The second point is that our interview process is very different than most schools. First of all, the interview is required. Second, the interview is by invitation only. We only do it if we are serious about the applicant. About 25 to 30 percent of applicants are invited in for an interview. This means that we are not going to waste anyone’s time.
Almost all of those interviews happen in New York City with one of our admissions professionals. I always tell people that if you are applying to Stern, set aside the time and money to travel to New York and interview. We take it very seriously.
The interview is not blind. The interview is 30 minutes long, and we are not going to waste people’s time by asking them to tell us why they want to go to business school. We’ve already asked that in the application. We want candidates to take it to the next level in the interview. At the same time, these interviews are meant to be two-way conversations.
Our selectivity is about 14 to 15 percent, making us more selective than most other business schools in the world. So, we want to make sure that we are screening not only on paper but in person as well. I think anyone who has done a job interview has seen some wonderful resumes and then been surprised during the interview that the person was somewhat different than he or she appeared on paper.
The interview benefits the applicant. The applicants typically like the opportunity to have 30 minutes speaking directly to a member of the Admissions Committee. This is their chance to present themselves in person.
Not only do we want to make sure that applicants are the right fit for us, we want to make sure we are the right fit for them. When they come to visit Stern as part of the interview they can have lunch with a student, visit a class and have a tour of the school. All this helps them make an informed decision as to where to attend.
So our approach to the interview is unique and a bit different – but we think that this special part of our process really does get us the best possible talent.
Getting back to the application process as a whole, people have three notification possibilities. There is the invitation for an interview, the waitlist or denial of admission.
After a candidate goes through the interview, we typically get back to them within three weeks. We typically admit between 50 and 60 percent of those who were interviewed.
In terms of how we notify candidates of our decisions, we do almost all of it with an online status check. This allows applicants to see where they are in our process 24/7. When an applicant’s status changes, we also send them an email.
When people are admitted we do try to have the person who conducted the interview give them a congratulatory call. Those are special calls to make. Every once in a while, these calls catch people by surprise, but for the most part we find that candidates stay pretty much on top of their online status – they watch that pretty closely.
CA: How does your team approach the essay portion of the application specifically? What are you looking for as you read the essays? Are there common mistakes that applicants should try to avoid? One key thing they should keep in mind as they sit down to write them?
IG: As I mentioned earlier, we made some changes to our essays in the full-time MBA application for Fall 2013 applicants. We are introducing a new Essay 2. It’s not the typical long-term career question. We ask applicants to think deeply and broadly about their long-term goals and how they can make an impact. Ultimately, we want to select students who consider multiple approaches and are comfortable with non-linear thinking. We promote this type of thinking in our MBA experience because we believe it is the mindset the business leaders of tomorrow need to succeed.
In general, there are obviously a lot of dos and don’ts. But one of the most important dos is to answer the question asked. Another piece of advice I would share is that applicants should take their time to choose their schools carefully and apply to only the schools they would be thrilled to be admitted to. Then, they should take the time to customize their essays specifically to those schools and to the questions they ask.
Also, please check your essays for spelling errors. Now, a typo is not an automatic disqualification, because we know people are human and make mistakes. But let’s just say this: It certainly doesn’t look good. When your essay is only 500 words long, if one of those words is off, it’s just not ideal.
When we are reading the essays, we are really looking to make sure that people have thought things through and have passion. A lot of people are writing what they think you want to hear. But what we really want to hear is what they are dying to say.
People spend too much time thinking about how to get into business school and not enough time thinking, “Is business school really right for me and how will it help my career both in the short run and in the long run?” Think about that first and then the essay is going to be really easy because you will have done your homework.
Sometimes people just think, “I’m really not happy doing what I’m doing now and I might be happier in this area so I’ll just go to business school.” But the ones who are most successful in business school and in life are the ones who have taken good stock of who they are, what they want and how business school will help them achieve their goals and dreams.
Give Veritas Prep a call at +1-310-295-2098 or click to | <urn:uuid:fac8252f-a4b0-4966-b625-f9dc5c9de3f4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.clearadmit.com/2012/07/admissions-director-qa-isser-gallogly-of-new-york-universitys-stern-school-of-business-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719468.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00530-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971053 | 2,688 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Smoking bans as particle source control and HVAC component loading due to airborne particle mass deposition
Waring, Michael Shannon.
MetadataShow full item record
This first part of this study assessed differences in the indoor air quality and occupancy levels in seventeen bars due to a city-wide smoking ban that took effect on September 1, 2005 in Austin, Texas, USA. The following were measured in each venue before and after the smoking ban: mean number of occupants, mean number of lit cigarettes, temperature, relative humidity, room volume, and PM2.5, CO, and CO2 concentrations. Additionally, VOC measurements were conducted at three of the venues. There was not a statistically significant change in occupancy, but the best estimate PM2.5 concentrations in the venues decreased 71 – 99%, a significant reduction in all venues, relative to the pre-ban levels; CO concentrations decreased significantly in all but one venue; and concentrations of VOCs known to be emitted from cigarettes decreased to below the detection limit for all but two common compounds. These results suggest that the smoking ban has effectively improved indoor air quality in Austin bars without an associated decrease in occupancy. The second part of this study modeled the amount of mass deposited on HVAC components for a month of operation (i.e., the loading rate) due to airborne particulate matter. The rate at which HVAC components load due to particle deposition is important from both an indoor air quality and energy perspective. The parameters that have the largest influence on the loading rates depend heavily on whether the building is residential or commercial. For the residential cases, the parameters that influenced the filter, coil, and supply-side duct loading rates the most were the Filtration and bypass, Coil properties, and Duct complexity parameters, respectively. For the commercial cases, which always employed some sort of intentional ventilation, the Ambient parameter was the most influential for all loading rates but the return-side ducts, for which the Emissions parameter was the most influential. Additionally, the Ambient and Emissions parameters ranked near the top of the most important parameters for many scenarios. For both the residential and commercial cases, the median over all cases for the filter loading rate was an order of magnitude larger than the median for the coil loading rate, which was an order of magnitude over the duct loading rates. The residential and commercial loading rates compare as follows: for median loading rates over all modeled scenarios, the commercial case for filter loading is approximately a factor of 89 over the residential case (65.39 versus 0.731 g/mo.); the commercial coil loading is approximately a factor of 39 over the residential case (1.83 versus 0.0468 g/mo.); and the commercial supply-side duct loading is approximately 114 times over the residential case (0.58 versus 0.0051 g/mo.). HVAC component loading causes higher pressure drops in the system, which can lead to reduced flow and reduced heating and cooling capacity for residential systems and increased fan energy usage for commercial systems. The results herein could be used to estimate filter changing and coil cleaning schedules with more information about how filter and coil loading affect pressure drop over time in real indoor environments. Additionally, the loading can have indoor air quality implications in the form of secondary pollutant formation or resuspension of biologically active material. | <urn:uuid:1ab59440-cd3b-4e2d-8116-ef0969b4295f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tdl-ir.tdl.org/handle/2152/37954 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.93481 | 685 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Fish living in water is a widely known reality as well as component of what makes a fish, well, a fish. Still, there are in fact many various needs that should be satisfied by the water you make use of in your storage tank if you wish to maintain your fish sensation healthy and balanced as well as satisfied.
Simple faucet water is not one of the most optimum alternative for your Betta to stay in.
There are some choices that are risk-free as well as affordable like water conditioners as well as sparkling water in addition to questionable as well as straight-out risky items such as “Betta water” that you ought to hand down totally. Allow’s browse these waters as well as find out what jobs best for you as well as your one-of-a-kind arrangement!
1. The Issue with Faucet Water for Bettas
Faucet water, at the very least in the majority of the contemporary globe, is the water that originates from the faucets or taps within your residence. Lots of people consume this water as well as utilize it for day-to-day jobs like food preparation, cleansing, as well as showering. Regrettably, the procedures utilized to make it risk-free for human use likewise have a tendency to make it risky to make use of in an aquarium.
Numerous locations, for instance, include chlorine to the water to eliminate contaminations as well as microorganisms. While this assists stop human beings from coming to be ill or establishing parasitical infections, chlorine makes the water livable for the majority of fish varieties because their bodies can not properly refine the chemical.
Luckily, there are lots of various other choices for your Betta, so you do not need to look extremely much to locate an ideal substitute for straight faucet water in your fish tanks.
Water Conditioners Can Aid
If you intend on making use of faucet water in your storage tanks, all you require to do is problem it initially. There are numerous items on the marketplace that function to eliminate chlorine, minerals, as well as hefty steels from the water, making it risk-free for your fish to stay in.
These items can be extremely economical as well as generally have clear labeling to route you regarding what you ought to do to make use of the item with your provided supply of water. Normally, you include the defined total up to the specified gallons as well as enable it to rest for a little bit to allow the additive eliminate damaging materials prior to putting it right into your storage tank.
A item I directly advise as well as make use of is No items located. It has never ever allow me down for the time I have actually been utilizing it.
2. Pure Water
This set appears instead evident, however sadly, making use of pure water in a Betta storage tank is a large no-no. Pure water is usually marketed as a cleansed, far better than faucet water choice as well as while this might hold true for human beings, Bettas in fact can be damaged by this additional preventative measure.
Pure water is removed of mostly all of its mineral material, indicating that the minerals that Bettas require to have accessibility to are eliminated too. This can result in shortages in the water which can make your Betta extra prone to health and wellness problems as well as bloodsuckers. In many cases, shortages can also show to be deadly.
3. Sparkling Water
Springwater, or standard mineral water, is a kind of water refined without the chlorine as well as hefty steels of standard faucet water however not removed of every one of the nutrients as well as minerals that fish require. This is probably among the most convenient, healthiest choices offered if you can turn the cost.
Normally, you can obtain a big container for a number of bucks at any type of grocery store. Simply make sure to inspect the pH of your water prior to presenting it right into your storage tank because various handling systems exist throughout various brand names, which can trigger a variation in the pH of a provided item.
If your sparkling water examinations high or reduced, you can just make use of pH adjusting therapies to obtain it to the proper degrees. These are generally instead economical as well as can be grabbed at the majority of significant pet dog shops easily. Some larger retailers like Wal-Mart might have them too, though not all will certainly equip them completely if they are not in high need.
4. “Betta Water”
Betta Water, as it is marketed, is probably the supreme fraud generated for newbie Betta caretakers. You can locate these mineral water on the racks of prominent pet dog shops.
Declaring to be points like “extremely oxygenated”, “additive-free”, as well as a “one-step water adjustment”, these are not just deceptive cases however likewise straight-out harmful as well as deceptive. Allow’s have a look at why you ought to hand down the Betta Water as well as stay with conditioning your very own.
Initially, allow’s resolve the price as well as product packaging dimension effects. Betta Water is generally marketed in one litre or one-gallon containers. You will hardly ever locate anything bigger than this, as it plays right into the old, “Bettas just require a gallon approximately of water to live” misconception that has actually been eliminated over and over again.
Bettas in fact require 5 gallons or extra, with even more being far better. Due to the reduced water quantity, reduced gallon storage tanks in fact worry your fish as well as reveal them to greater ammonia degrees unless preserved incredibly very carefully, making it most likely for them to get ill.
In addition to this, Betta Water generally sets you back in between 4 as well as 8 bucks per container. For referral, you can obtain upwards of twenty gallons or even more for around 3 bucks with a container of conditioner. Actually twenty times the quantity of water for simply 3 bucks extra.
The extremely oxygenated insurance claim is an outright joke. Water has an oxygen limit, indicating that once it gets to a particular factor of saturation it will just launch excess oxygen back right into the air. There is actually no such point as extremely oxygenation.
The additive-free cases are sensible as long as the active ingredient checklists compare, however there is no such point as a one-step water adjustment. You ought to constantly make sure to inspect the temperature level as well as your storage tank’s ammonia degrees as well as such when doing a water adjustment. You can not simply discard in a container of water as well as stop; your fish is a lot more most likely to get ill if you are not carrying out appropriate storage tank upkeep.
Miss the Betta Water as well as conserve your cash for various other elements of your storage tank. Your faucet water coupled with appropriate conditioning will certainly be simply great.
5. Well Water
While it might appear much safer to make use of well water than faucet water, you would certainly be shocked at the chemical degrees that can be located in the well. Chemicals as well as various other damaging chemicals can quickly be presented right into the well water, which can, subsequently, do significant damage to your Betta.
Because Of this, it might be much safer to in fact make use of faucet water as well as water conditioners rather than well water because the chemicals presented to the water will certainly be a little bit extra foreseeable as well as you can usually evaluate your water extra quickly if you have an excellent suggestion of its standard material.
While it might make good sense for you to make use of rain in your storage tank because it is the purest variant of water offered, there are still some points to think about prior to plunking your fish right into a storage tank of water right from the skies.
Some fish can do well with the reduced acid degrees as well as gentleness of the water from rainfall however some require the additional level of acidity that includes faucet water as well as various other similar resources.
Because Of this, if you wish to attempt making use of rain, it is an excellent suggestion to make use of quarter rain to seventy-five percent of whatever water you generally make use of in your storage tank. If your fish manages this well, attempt transitioning to a little bit extra rainwater following time you do an adjustment, progressively including a growing number of.
Rain in the USA does not generally consist of air-borne chemicals however in various other nations, this might not hold true. Because of this, it is essential to do a water top quality check to make sure absolutely nothing has contaminated your supply of water.
Likewise, it is clever to gather your water in a tidy glass or plastic meal that is not revealed to any type of chemicals or ingredients prior to or throughout the water collection procedure. This will certainly aid stop steel or organic impurities from seeping right into the water, making it inappropriate for use.
7. Boiled Water
There is a r unning misconception that boiling water eliminates every one of the toxic substances as well as microorganisms. While it can exterminate microorganisms, there are lots of variables that make water that has actually just been steamed not ideal for use in Betta fish tanks or aquarium as a whole.
For beginners, steamed water likely still has chlorine. Chlorine calls for a fair bit greater than just merely steaming the fluid it is housed in to eliminate it. Chlorine is a chemical substance that binds to various other substances in water, indicating it is in fact a hard material to eliminate with mechanical methods alone.
Second of all, boiling water can likewise focus the mineral material in the water, which can be especially damaging to fish, specifically Bettas. As a matter of fact, the only clinically attributed technique of eliminating chloramines without focusing on various other non-volatile minerals is via making use of water conditioners, like those pointed out over.
While not risk-free by itself, faucet water can function well in a Betta fish tank if it is treated with a water conditioning chemical mix. Various other choices like sparkling water are likewise sensible however it is essential that you take the essential action in checking your water prior to including it to the storage tank to make sure no harmful results take place.
If you like the post over, below are a few other comparable write-ups you ought to have a look at!
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What are the health insurance exchanges under the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?
Author: Brian G. Muse, LeClairRyan
Health insurance exchanges, also known as health insurance marketplaces, are central mechanisms created under the ACA through which individuals and small employers with up to 100 employees can purchase health insurance coverage from a menu of plan options. The ACA required each state to set up a health insurance exchange, but some states chose not to. Beginning in 2017, states may allow large employers (employers with more than 100 employees) to begin purchasing coverage through the exchange. | <urn:uuid:112ab3f5-f320-422d-a5c5-aa2617b38e19> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.xperthr.com/faq/what-are-the-health-insurance-exchanges-under-the-affordable-care-act-aca-/10059/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00077-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958963 | 115 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Thread: Today in History September 29
#1 Today in History September 2909-29-2012, 04:12 PM
Today in History
1197 Emperor Henry VI dies in Messina, Sicily.
1399 Richard II of England is deposed. His cousin, Henry of Lancaster, declares himself king under the name Henry IV.
1493 Christopher Columbus leaves Cadiz, Spain, on his second voyage to the new world.
1513 Spanish explorer Vasco Nunez de Balboa discovers the Pacific Ocean.
1789 Congress votes to create a U.S. army.
1833 A civil war breaks out in Spain between Carlisists, who believe Don Carlos deserves the throne, and supporters of Queen Isabella.
1850 Mormon leader Brigham Young is named the first governor of the Utah Territory.
1864 Union troops capture the Confederate Fort Harrison, outside Petersburg, Virginia.
1879 Dissatisfied Ute Indians kill Agent Nathan Meeker and nine others in the "Meeker Massacre."
1932 A five-day work week is established for General Motors workers.
1939 Germany and the Soviet Union reach an agreement on the division of Poland.
1941 30,000 Jews are gunned down in Kiev when Henrich Himmler sends four strike squads to exterminate Soviet Jewish civilians and other "undesirables."
1943 Adolf Hitler's book Mein Kampf is published in the United States.
1950 General Douglas MacArthur officially returns Seoul, South Korea, to President Syngman Rhee.
Born on September 29
1547 Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish novelist best known for his book The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quixote de la Mancha.
1758 Horatio Nelson, British naval commander who defeated the French and her allies on numerous occasions during the age of Napoleon.
1858 Rudolf Diesel, engineer, inventor of the diesel engine.
1901 Enrico Fermi, Italian-born U.S. physicist who led the group which created the first man-made nuclear chain reaction.
1907 Gene Autry, cowboy actor.
1943 Lech Walesa, Polish labor leader who founded the Solidarity party and later became the president of Poland.
1948 Bryant Gumbel, broadcast journalist.
http://www.historynet.com/today-in-historyA trojan horse hides its intent and Obama hasn’t we hid our understanding.
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For some consumers, they for the first time got to know the electric self-balancing scooters in 2008, during the Summer Olympic Games. At that time, the security personnel rode Segway electric self-balancing scooters to go on patrol in stadiums and on the streets. Now, after several years, there is astonishing increase in the number of intelligent self-balancing scooter brands. The self-balancing scooter industry looks to further increase.
Sensors, and electric motors in the base of the self-balancing unicycle keep the device upright when powered on with balancing enabled. The rider commands the device to go forward or backward by shifting their weight forward or backward on the platform. Taking for example the critically acclaimed product Airwheel intelligent self-balancing scooter A3, it employs the most advanced aerospace attitude control theory, fuzzy software algorithm, and gyroscope system to realize self-balance. Airwheel is a newly-rising enterprise in the self-balancing market, but the company has enjoyed booming sales with its quality and varied products.
In 2001, When Segway was unveiled, many scientific entrepreneurs have spoken high of the product and expects it to renovate the transportation system. But it is a pity that due to its high price and ambiguous positioning, Segway has not become a mass product. It has only had success in niche markets such as transportation for police departments, military bases, warehouses, corporate campuses and industrial sites.
However, it is estimated that there are still huge potential in the industry, and soon the intelligent self-balancing scooter will enter the outbreak period and the demand will surely exceeds supply. In fact, the industry is still in early stages. Airwheel Technology has seized this opportunity to develop. With continuous research and development, Airwheel has produced many series of self-balancing scooters to meet the requirement of people from all walks of life. Airwheel doesn’t try to replace automobiles or walking. It just wants to fill in the gaps between walking and driving, to help riders complete the last five miles between company and public transport facility.
Company Name: Airwheel Technology Holding (USA) Co., Ltd.
Contact Person: Mr. Tang
Email: Send Email
Country: United States | <urn:uuid:29f1e870-1468-4964-af11-dbe28a590e70> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.abnewswire.com/pressreleases/the-personal-transporter-selfbalancing-scooter-industry-looks-to-further-increase-of-airwheel_34616.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00064-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945932 | 461 | 1.796875 | 2 |
To lighten total product weights, the local increases in sheet thickness of products effectively contribute to decreasing product weights, when appropriate sheet thickness distribution in product by a designer could be performed by using an accurate prediction method by simulation. The designer only could distribute thick part where needed a large moment inertia of area from the view points of the strength of the section. In the sense of the such optical designing for the variable thickness distribution in the products, we do not need to consider that sheet thickness should be constant in a product. This paper is concerned with a forming prediction during deep drawing process. To clarify the mechanism of increase of sheet thickness, a 3-D forming simulation during deep drawing by finite element method was performed. Effects of tool shapes (contacting angles to the original materials, contacting length of punch with a material) which mainly affects the results on thickness change of original materials were investigated. The thickness distribution of drawn cups was measured in order to compare simulation results obtained by the finite element method. It has been found that controlling sheet thickness distribution was possible if an original material was relatively thick, when in choosing an appropriate manufacturing condition could be selected. | <urn:uuid:334554cf-48c9-4f43-befe-d35f1e69db4b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.scientific.net/AMR.264-265.194 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00447-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961007 | 228 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Wheel fasteners are the single most important hardware items on any vehicle, yet are often the least understood and appreciated. They can be wheel bolts that thread into hubs, or a combination of hub-mounted studs and removable nuts.
Here, we´ll provide a basic overview of the often-overlooked threaded wheel fastener -- how to identify it and how to handle it. This includes information dealing with fastener thread size, seat styles and torque values.
Our goal is to provide clear and accurate explanations of various wheel fastening systems that will help customers choose the correct type of fastener for a given application. We also want to increase your knowledge of safety-related issues.
Stop using the generic term "lug nuts" when referring to any and all wheel fasteners. Not all vehicles use nuts. Many German vehicles use bolts instead. So, constantly calling all wheel fasteners "lug nuts" simply isn´t accurate.
The term "acorn" nut is a classic example of a term that´s widely misused and misleading. If we refer to a wheel fastener´s seat style, the term "acorn" would translate into a reference of a ball-type or radius-type seat.
Take a look at an acorn. When viewed from the side, the belly of the acorn is somewhat radiused, which makes the term sensible when referring to a ball-type or radiused seat style. However, some folks use the term "acorn" to refer to the head portion of a nut that features a ball-type, rounded, dome-head design. Yet others use the term to refer to a short-bodied nut that features a conical (straight taper) seat.
So, when you hear the word "acorn" in reference to wheels, don´t assume anything. In order to make sure that both you and the customer are on the same page, clarify the term by pointing to a photo, diagram or, better yet, showing him/her an actual sample to make sure that you´re both talking about the same item.
The only proper use of the term "acorn" is when referring to a nut with a rounded top dome. Just remember that the dome shape has nothing to do with the seat style.
The "seat" refers to the contact area between the base of the fastener head and the wheel´s fastener pocket. Although variations exist, three basic seat styles are in common use today: conical, radius and flat-seat types.
Conical wheel nuts (or wheel bolts) feature a straight taper at the seat area. Conical fasteners are also called "tapered" or "cone" types. All three names refer to the same style.
As viewed from the side, you can see that the seat is "chamfered" on each side. This type of taper is created most commonly in a 60-degree angle, although some light truck applications use a 90-degree angle. The angle indicates the degree of separation between the two walls, not the true vertical of the fastener.
Radius seats also are called "ball" or "rounded" seats. As the name implies, the seat features a radiused "ball" shape that nestles into a ball-shaped pocket in the wheel. Many European vehicles such as Porsche and Mercedes use radius seat styles, in either nut or bolt applications.
The flat-seat style is most often called a "mag" style. The term "mag" doesn´t imply anything in terms of geometric shape. It´s simply a slang carryover from the early days of the American performance scene when race wheels were cast magnesium, and commonly used a flat seat because it was easier and cheaper to produce a round hole in a flat hub center area.
Mag style nuts generally feature a smooth shank extension under the head that is used to center the wheel and provide needed thread engagement depth.
The golden rule when discussing seat styles is extremely simple: never mix them! If a wheel is designed for conical 60-degree seats, the only fastener seat style that can be used is a conical type. The same rule applies for radius and flat seat styles -- only use the correct seat style of fastener for the seat style of the given wheel.
Using the incorrect seat style can, and likely will, result in fastener loosening, wheel damage, and potential tragedy due to loss of vehicle control when the wheel wobbles or separates from the vehicle. It´s simply impossible to over emphasize this point. The wheel fasteners are the only connection between the vehicle and the wheels. Without proper fastening, you´re flirting with disaster.
Aside from selecting the proper seat style for the wheels at hand, another consideration is thread engagement, defined as how far the nut travels over the stud, or how far the wheel bolt travels inside the hub´s threaded hole.
The rule of thumb whenever discussing threaded fastener engagement is to achieve a minimum engagement length that is equal to the diameter of the fastener´s threads. For instance, if the stud or bolt shank is 1/2-inch in diameter, the nut (or bolt) must engage its threads by at least 1/2-inch. This provides the minimal theoretical engagement for proper clamping load.
However, the industry usually takes advantage of greater thread engagement depth for added safety; the deeper the threads engage, the longer it takes to actually lose the fastener. And in some cases, the longer studs are used simply to aid in installing the wheel onto the hub.
Thread sizing is not difficult to understand. The problem is that most people won´t take the time to learn this very basic theory.
Whether inch or metric, we need to know the diameter, the thread pitch and the thread length. For example, when dealing in an inch format, a nut identified as a "1/2 x 20 x 1" indicates that:
1. thread diameter (the diameter of the stud it will accept) is one-half inch.
2. thread pitch or "count," is 20 threads per inch. Thread pitch refers to the number of threads that exist per inch of length.
3. thread engagement, indicated by the "1" designation, has an internal length of one inch.
If the fastener is metric, diameter is represented in millimeters, pitch is represented by the distance from one thread to the next thread, and thread or shank length is represented in millimeters.
For example, a "14 x 1.5 x 70" wheel bolt would indicate a 14 mm diameter, a 1.5 mm thread pitch and a thread or shank length of 70 mm.
In terms of thread pitch, it´s really very simple: with inch-format, the larger the number, the "finer" the threads (20 threads per inch would mean more threads within a given area than, say, 16 threads per inch).
If the format is metric, the larger the number, the more "coarse" the threads would be (a distance of 1 mm between threads would result in a greater number of threads in the same area as, say a distance of 1.75 mm between threads).
So, in inch format, smaller pitch numbers mean "coarse" threads, while larger number indicates "finer" threads. In metric format, small numbers indicate finer threads, while larger numbers indicate more "coarse" thread.
Many people tend to make this issue more confusing than it really is. Simply think about what the number means -- number of threads per inch if the fastener is inch-type; or distance between threads, if the fastener is metric type.
If we were referring to a bolt, both diameter and pitch are determined the same way. Length would then refer to the shank length -- the length of the bolt under the head, or in the case of wheel bolts, the length of the bolt from the bottom of the seat to the tip of the threaded end.
Depending on specific models, the bolt´s overall length may be required as well. Overall length would, as the term implies, represent the distance from the top of the head to the tip of the threaded end.
In order to quickly and accurately identify the thread diameter, pitch and length of any wheel fastener, you need the following three readily available tools. A combination bolt/nut hard-plastic sizing card (which covers both inch and metric sizes) and two thread pitch gauges (one for inches, one for metric measurements) will do the trick.
The "head" of a wheel bolt or nut features a specific drive design and appearance approach. The most conventional drive style involves a hex (six-sided) that requires the use of a six-point wrench. Other styles do exist, although they are not as common.
These include female hex drive "tuner" nuts, which feature a relatively small and smooth outer body diameter designed to fit into small-diameter fastener holes in some wheels. Instead of an external (male) hex head, a female hex drive hole is featured instead.
Yet another drive style is the splined head, which features a symmetric pattern of straight-cut external splines instead of hex walls. Naturally, the tuner hex drive nuts require the use of a hex bit as a driver, while the splined fasteners require a dedicated female spline socket.
In terms of appearance, nuts may be either open (the threaded hole runs all the way through the nut) or closed (threads terminate inside the nut). Closed head styles are varied, and include flush tops, raised conical domes, raised flat-top domes, extended hex walls (for easier reach and handling and greater wrench contact area) and radiused domes, which look like acorn bellies and feature a nicely rounded, ball type dome.
All of the wheel nut and wheel bolt styles that we´ve mentioned are available in a wide variety of lengths in terms of drive area or thread engagement area. Drive area height may be dictated by the thickness of the wheel´s center hub or by the design of the wheel (maybe the nut or bolt head needs to project out further for easier wrench access). The necessary thread engagement area will affect length as well, and involve either inboard thread reach or outboard projection based on stud length. Often with lugcentric wheels, a tapered (conical) seat style nut may be used that also features a short, straight shank. The shank may increase thread engagement length and aid wheel centering on the hub.
HUBCENTRIC VS. LUGCENTRIC
These two terms are common and proper labels that indicate how the wheel centers onto the hub. The wheel must be attached to the axle hub as precisely as possible to avoid runout. In order to locate the wheel in a centered position, some method of locating must be used.
* If the wheel centers onto the hub via the fastener locations only, we refer to this as a "lugcentric" method. This means that the location of the wheel studs (or the hub´s bolt holes) must be accurately placed on the hub during vehicle manufacturing.
* If the wheel is centered by means of its center opening fit to the hub´s raised center flange, it´s a "hubcentric" design. This means that the centering approach relies on the center hole of the wheel to the center locating dowel flange of the hub.
WHEEL FASTENER TIGHTENING
Since this handbook focuses primarily on "performance" applications, we can assume that when we discuss wheels, we´re referring primarily to lightweight "custom" alloy wheels.
As a result, when we discuss installing and clamping the wheel onto the hub, we´re interested in both form and function. In terms of form, we don´t want to scratch the wheel. In terms of function, we want to secure the wheel properly in the pursuit of both safety and long-term performance.
We recommend you don´t use an impact gun to remove or install threaded fasteners when dealing with custom alloy wheels because you might scratch the fastener lockets of the wheel. If you insist on removal with a gun, use only a clean thinwall socket and run the gun at a slower speed. But it´s easy to scratch the pockets with the socket or the exiting nut or bolt, even when trying to maintain control of the gun.
Whether we´re dealing with a bargain-basement, impurity-riddled aluminum casting or the finest and strongest billet, forged or investment-cast alloy wheel, proper clamping force is critical for both wheel care and performance. For one thing, over tightening can gall or deform the wheel´s fastener pocket seats. Over tightening, in its extreme, can create a fracture in the alloy, which can lead to an eventual wheel failure. Excessive over or unequal tightening can distort both the wheel center section and the hub.
Considering the lightweight rotor hats featured on many of today´s vehicles, that´s an open invitation to disc brake warping and pedal bounce, which is both annoying and a guaranteed comeback.
When taper or round seat is tightened, an "interference" fit is experienced. That means the male seat of the fastener contacts the female seat of the wheel and creates a small wedge contact when tightened, creating a pressure point that helps to lock the fastener in place.
If either type of fastener is under tightened, they can loosen during operation. If over tightened, the fastener can become fatigued and can deform the material in the wheel´s female seat pocket, which can result in fastener loosening. The shape of the radiused seat reduces the effect of over tightening since contact pressure is more evenly distributed than with a taper seat style.
Flat seat style is used almost exclusively with alloy wheels, since in the early days of alloy aftermarket wheels, the alloy material may not have been strong enough to handle the frictional forces created by tapered or radiused seats.
Over tightening a flat seat nut can deform the wheel, causing the aluminum under the washer to extrude, which displaces the aluminum, causing the nut to loosen.
Over tightening also can stretch the wheel studs or wheel bolt shanks beyond their elastic range.
All bolts or studs are designed to stretch a miniscule amount when optimal clamping load is achieved. This elasticity of the stud or bolt is what helps to secure the wheel on the hub. When torqued to specification, this is referred to as achieving the proper "clamping load."
If the stud or bolt is excessively over tightened, it´s possible that it will stretch beyond its yield point and lose its "rubber band" effect. If stretched beyond the yield point, the stud or bolt becomes so weak that it cannot provide the clamping load needed. The result: The fastener loosens or the stud or bolt shank breaks.
Far too many uninformed do-it-yourselfers approach wheel fastener tightening with the "tighter is always better" attitude. Always follow the torque specifications listed by either the vehicle manufacturer or by the wheel maker.
Don´t guess. Actually take the time to pick up a calibrated torque wrench and tighten all of the wheel´s fasteners, in the proper sequence, in several steps to achieve final (and equal) torque values.
As far as thread preparation is concerned, make sure the threads are clean and free of dirt, grease, grit, etc. As far as wheel fastening is concerned, specifications are generally listed based on dry (no lubricant) threads. Applying oil, grease or moly to the threads will result in inaccurate torque values (you´ll end up over tightening).
Even if you use aluminum wheel nuts (which are popular in some racing situations, Porsche applications, etc.), the advice is the same. Simply make sure the threads are clean and dry. Aluminum wheel nuts are typically made from a very dense, strong 7075 alloy, and will function properly if handled correctly.
Some will disagree with the need to re-tighten wheel fasteners, but our advice is to re-check the value of each fastener after about the first 50-100 miles of operation. Due to metal compression/elongation and thermal stresses, the clamping loads may change during initial use (we´re not saying they will change, but they might).
When rechecking torque value, wait for the wheels to cool to ambient temperature (never torque a hot wheel). Loosen and retighten, to value, in sequence. Again, some will argue that this step is not necessary, but it´s better to be safe than sorry, and it´s better to catch a loose nut early as opposed to too late.
Braving the elements
The three most important elements of wheel fastening are:
1. proper seat style.
2. correct thread size (diameter, pitch, length).
3. proper clamping value.
A few common/potential problems to avoid when dealing with wheel fasteners
1. Make sure the fastener does not bottom-out. In other words, if using a closed-head nut, make sure the tip of the stud does not contact the inside of the nut roof. If the nut is a shanked "mag" type, make sure the shank is not too long. If the shank tip bottoms out against the hub, clamping pressure at the seat will be lost.
2. Make sure that there is no grease, snow, ice, etc., lodged inside a closed nut. When tightened, this can create a hydraulic lock, causing the stud tip to bottom out against this material. If the nut roof bottoms out on its stud, the nut seat will not achieve enough clamping force.
3. Be careful not to mix inch and metric fasteners. Just because it can be threaded into place does not mean that correct thread engagement has taken place. Never guess if you´re using the correct nut or bolt.
4. Never mix seat styles. Proper clamping will be achieved only by using a conical seat fastener with a conical seat style wheel. A radiused fastener can be used only in a radiused seat pocket.
A flat-seat wheel will only accept a flat-seat fastener. Again, just because you can thread the nut or bolt on by hand, don´t think that you can "get by" with merely tightening it more. | <urn:uuid:36df4a33-408d-49f5-8f97-11d31fe07358> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.moderntiredealer.com/articles/13976-wheel-fasteners | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.920644 | 3,921 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Last year, Woman's Day launched the Live Longer & Stronger Challenge. The idea was simple: Help readers become heart-healthier so they can live longer lives. After a nationwide search, six women were selected to work with Joy Bauer, RD, Woman's Day nutrition columnist. They received an eating plan and techniques to make good-for-you habits a permanent part of their routines. Here, they share the most valuable lessons they've learned. These women are proof that you have the power to change your heart-health destiny. Check out the link above to see their "before" photos and take a look at their journey.
Mikita Watson-Burton, 37, Overland Park, KS
Heart milestone: Lowered total cholesterol and blood pressure from "borderline high" to a desirable range.
After losing an aunt to heart disease and having a doctor tell her that the area she carried most of her weight (around her belly) put her at an even greater risk of the disease, Mikita knew it was time to change.
Weight lost: 47 lb
What worked: "Tracking my activity motivated me to move more. When I started wearing a pedometer, I realized how inactive I was. So, instead of sitting on a bench at the playground and watching my three kids have fun, I now climb, skip and slide too. I also jotted down what I was eating along with the calorie count. I was shocked that my daily cup of sweet tea was 320 calories. That fact alone made me give it up for water."
Success secret: "I figured out that I could trick myself into avoiding temptation. I got rid of the junk food in my house (if it's there, I'll eat it) and now if I do buy an occasional treat for my kids, I always choose flavors that I don't like myself, such as sour cream and onion." | <urn:uuid:962bba9b-1a47-48d1-afb6-1c371acbf171> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.goodhousekeeping.com/health/diet-nutrition/g1227/weight-loss-to-prevent-heart-disease/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719547.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00395-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973717 | 388 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Proverbs 17New Life Version (NLV)
17 A dry piece of food with peace and quiet is better than a house full of food with fighting.
2 A servant who is wise in what he does will rule over a son who acts in shame. He will share in what is given as one of the brothers.
3 The melting-pot is for silver and the hot fire is for gold, but the Lord tests hearts.
4 A wrong-doer listens to sinful lips. A liar listens to a tongue that destroys.
5 He who laughs at the poor brings shame to his Maker. He who is glad at trouble will be punished.
6 Grandchildren are the pride and joy of old men and a son is proud of his father.
7 Fine speaking is not right for a fool. Even worse are lying lips to a ruler.
8 Being paid in secret for wrong-doing is like a stone of much worth to the one who has it. Wherever he turns, he does well.
9 He who covers a sin looks for love. He who tells of trouble separates good friends.
10 A man of understanding learns more from being told the right thing to do than a fool learns from being beaten a hundred times.
11 A man who will not obey looks only for what is bad. So one who has no loving-pity will be sent against him.
12 A man meeting a bear robbed of her little ones is better than meeting a fool in his foolish way.
13 If a man returns bad for good, trouble will not leave his house.
14 The beginning of trouble is like letting out water. So stop arguing before fighting breaks out.
15 He who says that the sinful are right, and he who says those who do right are wrong, both are hated by the Lord.
16 It does a fool no good to try to buy wisdom, when he has no understanding.
17 A friend loves at all times. A brother is born to share troubles.
18 A man without good thinking makes promises, and becomes a trust for what another man owes his neighbor.
19 He who loves sin loves making trouble. He who opens his door wide for trouble is looking for a way to be destroyed.
20 He who has a sinful heart finds no good. He who has a sinful tongue falls into sin.
21 A foolish son is a sorrow to his father, and the father of a fool has no joy.
22 A glad heart is good medicine, but a broken spirit dries up the bones.
23 A sinful man receives pay in secret to change the right way into wrong-doing.
24 Wisdom is with the one who has understanding, but the eyes of a fool are on the ends of the earth.
25 A foolish son is a sorrow to his father, and trouble to her who gave birth to him.
26 It is not good to punish those who are right with God, and it is wrong to beat men of honor for being faithful.
27 He who is careful in what he says has much learning, and he who has a quiet spirit is a man of understanding.
28 Even a fool, when he keeps quiet, is thought to be wise. When he closes his lips, he is thought of as a man of understanding. | <urn:uuid:4d2ea8c5-4037-4f74-a2a0-00cff2c45809> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Proverbs+17&version=NLV | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00301-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981119 | 677 | 1.929688 | 2 |
The Doctor of Nursing Practice A Guidebook for Role Development and Professional Issues, Fifth Edition remains the most comprehensive guide for both role and career development for the DNP student and professional. It continues to be the go-to resource for those pursuing a DNP degree and starting their career.
As with previous editions, the hallmark feature of the Fifth Edition is its accessible and easy-to-read approach enabling it to serve as both an educational resource for students as well as a professional reference for years to follow. Faculty and students will appreciate the wealth of content and learning resources packed into this guide including comprehensive chapter overviews, interviews with practicing DNP’s, and leaders such as Carolyn Williams Ph.D., RN, FAAN DNP Co-founder, and Dean Judy Didion of Oakland University School of Nursing, case scenarios, and more!
Features and Benefits:
"In 2004, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing issued a position statement on the Practice Doctorate in Nursing. In the years since, much has changed, which validates the need for this latest edition. These changes have occurred in both the academic and professional arenas. Obtaining the degree of DNP is the first step, but the nurse must then work to identify career opportunities and determine how to best integrate this new knowledge into healthcare. This resource serves as a guidebook for this important role transition."
-- Kathleen Woodruff, DNP, RN, ANP-BC (USC School of Social Work) Doody's Review - previous edition
The book is valuable to a wide audience, appropriate for both prospective and current DNP students as well as faculty. It is also an excellent resource for potential employers to gain a better understanding of the DNP. The author has significant experience as a DNP and is both educationally and experientially qualified to present this information. | <urn:uuid:bd51f6e2-b5a6-4709-b099-734ad15d7fa9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tetondata.com/TitleInfo.cshtml?id=1068 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.9573 | 376 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Papillary Thyroid Cancer (PTC) can be an endocrine malignancy where BRAFV600E oncogenic mutation induces probably the most aggressive phenotype. for sign cell and transduction adhesion, aswell as, rules of cell loss of life, apoptosis and proliferation. Focuses on of BRAFV600E-correlated lncRNAs get excited about calcium mineral signaling pathway primarily, ECM-receptor discussion and MAPK pathway. In conclusion, our research provides applicant lncRNAs that may be either useful for long term studies linked to analysis/prognosis or as focuses on for PTC administration. TNFSF13 Introduction Thyroid tumor may be the endocrine malignancy1 that, although steady before 1990s, offers and significantly improved thereafter2 gradually, 3. Almost all the thyroid malignancies result from the follicular cell epithelium1, which include papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) that makes up about approximately 80% of most thyroid malignancies4. Thyroid oncogenesis can be under analysis BMS-911543 still, however a high frequency (70%) of activating mutations in components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway was reported, such as BRAFV600E? 5, 6 and HRAS/NRAS/KRAS point mutations7, 8. Also, fusions involving the RET9 and NTRK1 tyrosine kinases10 were described to promote thyroid cancers. More recently, the set of known PTC driver alterations was extended to include EIF1AX, PPM1D, and CHEK27. Additionally of being the most frequent mutation in many types of cancers including PTC7, 11, BRAFV600E confers poorer prognosis compared to other oncogenes. There is a growing number of evidence demonstrating that BRAFV600E correlates with metastasis, cancer recurrence12 and higher mortality in PTC13. BRAFV600E-expressing cells have a diversity of malignant characteristics, including increased DNA synthesis, dedifferentiation, and chromosomal instability14. Also, BRAFV600E stimulates more actively MEK-dependent invasion than the expression of RET/PTC oncoprotein through the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (e.g. MMP-3, MMP-9 and MMP-13), which, in part, can explain the more aggressive BRAFV600E-induced phenotype15. Similarly to melanoma16, BRAF mutation occurs at early stages of PTC development11, 17. Besides all BRAF oncogenic activities, its single exacerbated stimulation of the MAPK pathway is not sufficient to sustain malignant transformation, resulting in induced senescence18 that confers a barrier to tumor progression19. To bypass BRAF-induced senescence, cells may suffer a second event that allows malignant transformation, as the epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressors DAPK perhaps, TIMP320, SLC5A820, 21 and hMLH122 and various other BRAF-induced systems that remain to become uncovered11. In thyroid malignancies, Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) is certainly more involved with conquering senescence; while BRAF overexpression suppresses thyroid hormone biosynthesis and potential clients to raised TSH amounts and in PTC was verified in the tumor cell lines TPC1 (BRAFWT) and BCPAP (BRAFV600E) set alongside the regular immortalized cell range NTHY (Fig.?2). Also, downregulation of their appearance was relating towards the bioinformatics evaluation, since lower appearance for both of these was seen in BCPAP (BRAFV600E) in comparison to TPC1 (BRAF outrageous type) (Fig.?2). Noteworthy, is certainly that because of the very low great quantity of in the BCPAP cell range, qRT-PCR led to two unspecific melting peaks, which didn’t influenced the full total outcomes. Upregulation of in PTC was verified, nevertheless its overexpression in BRAFV600E tumors had not been seen in the cell range BCPAP in comparison to TPC1 (Fig.?2), maybe because of the little log2 fold modification worth (1.69) of the comparison. Overexpression BMS-911543 of in BRAFV600E PTC in comparison to BRAF outrageous type tumors was also verified (Supplemental Fig.?S1); eNSG00000247311 nevertheless.2 was undetectable in both TPC1 and BCPAP cells (Supplemental Fig.?S1). Body 2 Experimental validation of DE lncRNAs. Top part of -panel displays the appearance degrees of the indicated lncRNAs in the TCGA analyses. The nonparametric MannCWhitney check was used because of the non-Gaussian appearance p-value and distribution … Clustering lncRNAs recognizes two groupings with similar appearance patterns For downstream analyses, we increased the stringency of expressed lncRNAs between Regular??Tumor (log2 fold change?>?3 or??3; adj. p-value <1??10?7, n?=?73; Fig.?1D) and between WT??BRAFV600E (log2 fold change >2.5 or??2.5; adj. p-value?1??10?4, n?=?59; Fig.?1E) to analyze the lncRNAs that were most DE. BMS-911543 Hierarchical clustering was used to organize patients or lncRNAs into groups according to the expression levels of DE lncRNAs. Results demonstrated that this set of lncRNAs is usually capable of clustering, majorly, normal and cancer patients in two distinct groups (Supplemental Fig.?S2A). Clustering lncRNAs by Spearman correlation among all DE lncRNAs also identified two groups of lncRNAs highly positively correlated or negatively correlated (Supplemental Fig.?S3A). Hierarchical clustering was BMS-911543 also performed with a more stringent set of DE lncRNAs between WT and BRAFV600E, which allowed the clustering of two groups enriched with WT and BRAFV600E patients, respectively (Supplemental Fig.?S2B). Clustering lncRNAs by Spearman correlation among all DE lncRNAs also identified two groups highly positively correlated or negatively correlated lncRNAs (Supplemental Fig.?S3B). Indirectly validated lncRNAs targets are involved in several oncogenic processes As almost the totality of the identified DE lncRNAs in both circumstances (Normal??WT and Tumor??BRAFV600E) is uncharacterized, we used prediction solutions to identify a feasible interaction between mRNAs/microRNAs and lncRNAs. Forecasted mRNAs and microRNAs (goals of DE lncRNAs) had been in comparison to differentially portrayed mRNAs and microRNAs (log2 fold modification >1 or.
October 5, 2017Main | <urn:uuid:fbbaac0c-e34b-4e11-b3b9-9154047f44c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tas-102.net/papillary-thyroid-cancer-ptc-can-be-an-endocrine-malignancy-where-brafv600e/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.92739 | 1,514 | 1.65625 | 2 |
I've found that I rarely agree with Evgeny Morozov, one of a small group of techno-pessimists who like to blame the world's problems on technology (and, oddly, those who innovate with technology). However, I have to admit that his latest piece on Slate gave me a good laugh. In the tradition of Jonathan Swift
, he suggests a way to kill two birds with one stone. Both the problem of all that data the NSA has collected on all of us and
the fact that Google and Facebook have grown to be quite big based on the "social graph" info they have about all of us -- information that would be hard for an upstart to replicate. The answer? Obviously: open up all that metadata the NSA has on all of us
to the public, and let anyone build their own social network on top of it. After all, the NSA and its defenders keep telling us that it's "just metadata" and there's nothing privacy violating about that
Now that Edward Snowden has blown the whistle on the extensive spying operations of the National Security Agency, this question seems obsolete. Take the NSA's much-discussed collection of metadata—the seemingly benign (or so they claim) information about who calls whom and when. It's precisely this kind of metadata that is needed to build a better publicly run social graph. In fact, the NSA has probably already built it—and not just for America but probably for users in many other countries as well—often with tacit cooperation from intelligence services and telecommunication providers of those countries....
[....] The NSA has all this data, and it's not going away. (If anything, the much-discussed data storage center that the NSA is building in Utah suggests otherwise.) It would be a colossal mistake not to come up with a global institutional arrangement that would make at least chunks of that data available for public use. At the very (utopian) minimum, it should be possible to produce a rudimentary social graph and make it globally available—to be supervised by a civil agency, perhaps within the United Nations. The United States, which has always preached free markets to the rest of the world, can, perhaps, take the lead in making markets for search and social networking more competitive.
You might say that all this data should be private, but, hell, Mark Zuckerberg and Facebook took a ton of data that you thought was private as well, and flipped a switch to make most of it public, so why not the NSA? Jonathan Swift, eat your (poor childrens') heart out. | <urn:uuid:2c0d19b6-2f8e-4d4c-bbc5-dece1afdb44c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20130827/17214024326/modest-proposals-use-nsas-metadata-collection-to-create-public-social-graph-to-compete-with-facebook-google.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720962.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00386-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968292 | 523 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Workshop: Art for Organized Struggle
- This event has passed.
July 20 @ 6:30 pm - 8:00 pm
Claudia Jones said, “A people’s art is the genesis of their freedom.” This class will investigate just that: art and culture, its production, and the groundwork it lays for liberation struggles. What is the role of art and culture in building revolutionary consciousness? What are ways that art and culture can be recaptured by the people and used to build our movements? How can we collectively imagine and build our future? Through the study of historical moments and present struggles, we will create proposals for art & cultural production in our current moment. This class, though just over an hour, seeks to ignite future collaborations and cultural projects. We have a world to win!
SUMMER @ TPF
Come join us for a summer of study, with workshops, teach-ins, lectures, and much more📚. Open classes is a series of hybrid courses and you can join in both in-person and online. | <urn:uuid:69932f16-89fb-4085-b14d-ad9e2acc7eca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://peoplesforum.org/events/art-for-organized-struggle/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.941348 | 224 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Skanska in the US
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Skanska Koch was awarded this $508 million contract to rehabilitate the approaches on the Brooklyn Bridge, one of New York City’s most recognized landmarks. The bridge is part of the program which the client initiated some years ago to rebuild all of the East River crossings in order bring them up to modern standards. Skanska Koch has worked on all of the structures including the Manhattan and Williamsburg Bridges as well as the Triborough Bridge.
The contract requires the reconstruction of the approaches in both Manhattan and Brooklyn. The length of the approaches and the main bridge is approximately 5,000 feet long and there are also a number of elevated ramps leading to the Manhattan approach. The project also includes replacement of approximately 600 bridge bearings and repainting of the entire structure. The leadbased paint will be removed and handled in an environmentally-correct manner approved by the client and will be replaced by an environmentally compliant paint.
During night time and weekend closures the project team will remove and replace sections of the roadway and restore the ramps to traffic. The next morning commuters will find traffic flowing on a completely new road that is wider and stronger. Work will be performed on the approaches from both Manhattan, primarily from FDR Drive, and Brooklyn. The bridge itself has three lanes for traffic in each direction, while the ramps have one or two lanes. There is also a bike and pedestrian path.
Since the Brooklyn Bridge is a historic structure special measures are being taken to preserve some of its original elements. In addition to restoring the bridge and maintaining its structures, the project is intended to increase the capacity of the access ramps and strengthen the bridge. Previously, Skanska Koch undertook an emergency contract to install the steel arch supports over Pearl Street in Franklin Square. This work was completed in 2000 to support the old structure.
The Brooklyn Bridge was originally designed to carry horse and buggies and trolly cars. It is presently graded for car traffic only, not trucks. Although reinforcements have been added to strengthen it, it is still the only bridge in New York City on which trucks are not allowed. The last truck crossed the bridge in 1922.
Beth MillerSr. Director CommunicationsSkanska USA Inc.+1 917 438 4523
E-mail Beth Miller
Market segment: Bridges | <urn:uuid:b33f6c01-2496-4c30-8514-90330932c9d8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.usa.skanska.com/Projects/Project/?pid=11333&plang=en-us | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00487-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928703 | 542 | 1.695313 | 2 |
GM Hires Detroit-area High Schoolers to Serve, Learn, Lead
As GM Student Corps members, they'll help improve neighborhoods, learn valuable life skills
DETROIT--May 20, 2013: A group of 110 Detroit-area high school students are about to begin paid summer internships as members of the brand-new GM Student Corps, a program introduced today by General Motors North America President Mark Reuss that combines service, education and mentoring.
The students representing 11 United Way Network of Excellence Schools will work in teams of 10 to develop and implement service projects in Detroit-area neighborhoods. Helping to train and mentor them are 60 GM retirees and 12 GM student interns from the University of Detroit Mercy, where many students major in service-based programs. Employee volunteers from teamGM Cares also will assist throughout the summer.
The teams are currently planning their projects. Work is scheduled to begin in mid-June and conclude in August.
"Improving the quality of life in our communities means more than writing a check," said Reuss. "It also requires investing in our young people, teaching them how good it feels to see their hard work help others, and providing them with the skills they need to lead and succeed as professionals and as citizens. Once you serve, you're hooked for life."
A unique aspect of the GM Student Corps is that it unites people from a range of age groups and walks of life to work toward a common goal -- improving local neighborhoods -- while helping students develop career skills.
Schools participating in the GM Student Corps are: Central Collegiate Academy, Detroit Public Schools Cody Campus, East Detroit High School, Hamtramck High School, Harper Woods High School, Henry Ford High School, Madison High School, Melvindale High School, Detroit Public Schools Osborn Campus, River Rouge High School and Van Dyke Lincoln High School.
In addition to managing every aspect of their projects, from budgeting to planning to implementation, the students will meet periodically with mentors for life skills sessions following a curriculum developed by Junior Achievement.
Examples of service projects might include painting and cleanups at local parks, planting and tending a community garden, setting up food banks or meal programs and others. Life skills sessions include career development, banking and finance, and health and safety.
Also, interns will be exposed to various career and educational opportunities at Focus: HOPE, Junior Achievement "Financial Park," the GM Design Center and GM Heritage Center, the GM Detroit-Hamtramck Assembly Plant and the UDM campus.
GM will pay for the budgeted student projects and provide Chevrolet Express vans and Chevrolet Silverado full-size pickups so adult mentors can transport materials and students to project sites and life skills classes.
Throughout the summer, students will be encouraged to document their projects on social media such as Facebook, Twitter and Instagram using #GMStudentCorps. And gm.com/student-corps will update the latest on Student Corps activities throughout the summer.
GM Student Corps members were selected based on leadership potential, overall energy, enthusiasm and grit, school activities, citizenship and academic performance. At the end of the summer, leaders from each student team will formally present their programs and results to Reuss and his staff. In addition, the GM Summer Corps experience will be chronicled in a documentary filmed by UDM Professor Jason Roche.
Leading the 60 GM retirees is former GM executive Mike DiGiovanni, who retired in 2010 and is now a full-time professor of economics at the UDM.
"As retirees, we look forward to joining forces with current company leaders as a unified GM to effect meaningful change in Detroit," said DiGiovanni, who grew up on the city's west side. "But most of all, we want this program to be rewarding, fun and life-changing for the students." | <urn:uuid:b8bdaf72-e6f5-4af0-9122-cb3ea942be94> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theautochannel.com/news/2013/05/20/076861-gm-hires-detroit-area-high-schoolers-to-serve-learn-lead.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00545-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960279 | 787 | 1.929688 | 2 |
|Barry Logan and theme|
All my firm obligations having been fulfilled on Saturday we thought to attend as much of the major things as possible, at least from 11:30 onwards. First on was Barry Lopez's lecture, Nature and Human Nature, packed out at the National Museum Gallery. Lopez is the highly acclaimed author of Arctic Dreams, Of Wolves and Men and many other books including works of fiction. Our eyes had briefly met in the hotel lobby the first evening but I didn't know who he was then just a gentle looking man with a grey beard and an amiable expression. On Saturday we were at the same lunch-time table but didn't have a chance to talk.
The lecture began with the coming ecological disasters that he described as a tsunami. He gave us facts about sea pollution and temperature rise. What should we do then, what now, we, the human race? He did not suggest we burn our cars or turn our lights off but rather that we should pay attention to stories. What kind of stories then we should expect a writer to write?
It was not necessary, he argued, for a writer to be an activist or propagandist, not to be a Cassandra as such, but - and this was the key point - the stories should help. He did not fully specifiy in what way the writer should help, who he should help or what nature of help might be offered, but he did go on to offer some distinctions.
First, the writer should respect the reader chiefly by not speaking only to himself (I know I could say 'herself' and he was careful to vary the genders throughout, but since he was a man I'll go with him for now). Writing that was about us was real writing; writing just about the writer was not. Some writing was authentic, some inauthentic. Some writing was commercial and shallow, some was visionary and deep. Some helped, some didn't.
One way writing might help, he elucidated, was by connecting us to memory by way of metaphor and pattern. Another was by reuniting the disparate realms of science (modern, materialistic Western) and art (ancient, spiritual, possibly Eastern. One should write about science with integrity and through the imagination.
Artists are not a sideshow. Art is rooted in shamanism, he concluded. What can we, the audience, the general mass of humankind do? We should 'take care of each other. and make sure that 'none of us is missing'.
There was little to disagree with in any of this though I was not so sure of those firm distinctions. It is sceince that gives us the worrying figures. The scientist working in the scientific realm is not obliged to be a story teller or a shaman. On the other hand the writer setting out 'to help' should be reasonably clear about what he help, if any, he is passing on. A writer talking about or rather through some pretty personal experience of himself or herself communicates with us because we identify with the persona or voice he or she offers. That writer is never alone in the world. The pattern Lopez was talking about is partly a product of mind working on language (and this point did come out later in his lecture), but memory is far from a simple tribal thing, if we can talk of such a thing as a clear isolatable memory at all .
So I am earnestly listening and making notes and, finally, asking the question about what kind of help a writer might be expected to give, but there was no simple answer to that, if answer at all. The fact is - or so I think - is that almost anything that sounds like an answer is probably not one.
Paul Theroux was so packed out we were turned away at the door along with a good many other people.
Geoff Dyer always delights me. What does that mean? I certainly find him funny but it is more than that. The sense of slowly mounting, exasperated, impotent fury raises his best set-pieces to the level of apparently self-defeating catharsis. The world is mad but overwhelmingly powerful. It should have order, ideally an order of grace, but such an order (like the orderly queue in Death in Varanasi) is not only impossible, its lack is the very condition of life.
I know that Dyer has learned deep lessons from Thomas Bernhard but those rhythms and cadences are his own and so beautifully crafted that they are like poetry in construction. They are not the equivalent of John Cleese beating his car with a fallen bough, but of an artist - a dancer say - moving against the odds like Chaplin in Modern Times. The reason he delights - the reason that he is essentially uplifting - is the same in all art. It is not the catharsis but the grace. The grace of the writing is the triumph of the imagination and, in Lopez's terms, the triumph of the spirit.
Dyer is far more than a humorist of course. He is, at core, a negotiator with ideas and paradoxes. It is the paradoxes that begat the humour. But the humour is engaged with the extensive material of life-as-you-find it. A last questioner asked him whether he had dropped the engagement with Berger and Adorno. He hadn't, Dyer replied, and he was in fact working on Adorno in a current book.
And there's the political / philosophical / social interest, the extra ingredient that makes the whole. I am still not quite sure how it works within the oeuvre but I can see it makes sense being there and think that if I put my ear very close to it I could hear it humming in the background.
Then the party, most of it in the big tent, some of it in the green room at the back of it. Food, drinks, wine and a rather beautiful whisky whose name I now forget. I talk to a Indran, a Chennai poet, to Geoff, to Alvin, to Krip Yuson of the Philippines, to a good number of younger Singapore poets. One talks, one carries on talking and, not too dramatically, drinking. Alvin drops us back at the hotel. I am writing this from the hotel at Nanyang Technological University were we are for the next three weeks. More on that in due course. | <urn:uuid:31663ac9-5392-42ae-a0c7-adea87bfd64e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://georgeszirtes.blogspot.com/2014/11/singapore-day-two-sunday-with-lopez-non.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00067-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982581 | 1,306 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Landscaping in Auckland is often about utilizing outdoor space for entertaining! If you plan to use your deck or patio for entertaining, follow these guidelines for planning the right size space.
Determine Your Needs
Make a list of all the ways you want to use your outdoor space. This list might include an area for reading and relaxing, for an intimate dinner for four, or for a casual gathering of 20 friends. It may be all of the above and more.
As you list the various uses for the area, indicate which of them are most important to you. Many people have an occasional need for the space to accommodate large groups, but the vast majority of the time need to have enough room for only up to four people. One way to have a larger deck that still feels intimate is to use potted plants to frame part of the space. They can be moved when you need the extra room.
Determine the type and amount of furniture required
Once you know how many people you need to accommodate, you can select the furniture. Typically this includes tables, chairs, and benches. Note anything else you want in the space, such as a BBQ, outdoor heater or a drinks trolley.
If you already have or know the type of furniture you will use, measure all the pieces so you can plan the deck exactly. If you don't know what furniture you will have, you can use the general guidelines offered below.
Figure the amount of deck space you need
The size of your deck is a personal decision, but there are some guidelines that may help you determine the right size for your needs.
If all you want is space for two people to sit with a small table in between, you can get by with a patio as small as 3 metres by 3 metres. Keep in mind that a deck this small may look out of place if it is attached to the house.
For an attached deck, start with 3 metres by 6 metres as a minimum. That will provide enough room for four chairs and a small dining table.
As you map out the exact dimensions of the patio, plan for about 90cm by 90cm per chair. This allows room for the chair and a comfort zone around it. The average garden bench requires about 1.8m by 90cm.
Table sizes vary, but a standard bridge table is 90cm by 90cm. This may be too small for dining; the recommended space for a dining table for four people is 1.2m x 1.2m.
Sketch the general shape, size, and location of the patio onto grid paper, with each grid equaling 10cm. Then cut out pieces of paper to scale to represent chairs, tables, and benches. Move them around on the sketch to make sure you've allowed enough space. Be sure to leave room for people to walk around the furniture.
For help with designing your garden, please get in touch by booking an initial appointment HERE.
Based on article from Better Homes & Gardens | <urn:uuid:e903cc45-94c4-4f06-bc5d-4218c4e68f0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sculptgardens.co.nz/blog/post/39176/How-To-Plan-Your-Outdoor-Entertaining-Area/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.950817 | 656 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Giant coelacanths once thought extinct have been lurking in the ocean for hundreds of millions of years. However, the deep habitat and rarity of these fish have made them difficult to study. A new look at one of the species has now found out that it might live much longer than thought. According to researchers, these fish, originally thought to live for roughly 20 years, could easily last a century. Along with deep-sea sharks, this would make African coelacanths some of the slowest-growing fish of this size in the oceans.
What is known about these creatures fits with that they have low fecundity and slow metabolisms. They take their time reproducing & growing old, and it fits for a marine animal that lives in the deepest parts of the ocean. According to Marine Biologist Kelig Mahe from the IFREMER Institute in France, “Our most important finding is that the coelacanth’s age was underestimated by a factor of five. Our new age estimation allowed us to re-appraise the coelacanth’s body growth, which happens to be one of the slowest among marine fish of similar size, as well as other life-history traits, showing that the coelacanth’s life history is actually one of the slowest of all fish.”
He and his colleagues were able to study the biggest group of coelacanth specimens ever collected. There were 27 fish in a total of different ages up to what the team suspects are 84. They found that coelacanths around the age of 55 reach maturity, and to generate offspring takes around five years, based on two embryos included in the study. He further said the maximum longevity of coelacanth was five times longer than previously thought, hence around a century.
The lobe-finned coelacanth can grow 2 meters in length and is thought of as a living fossil for long. However, these species’ close relations have all died off. Recent research has challenged that idea, showing that the fish from the rest of the evolutionary tree isn’t quite as cut off as it was thought.
Earlier, another coelacanth study suggests that the massive fish borrow the genes from other underwater species over the years, and this process is known as horizontal gene transfer. It is one of the closest fish relations to humans. | <urn:uuid:8cd3abb1-9b8b-47c9-9cf0-b5a779de674e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cronullanews.sydney/news/813/giant-coelacanths-have-been-lurking-in-the-ocean-for-hundreds-of-millions-of-years/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.979572 | 489 | 3.5625 | 4 |
A Tribute to Neil Armstrong – A True Hometown Hero
It was the biggest adventure of my young life. I left the Midwest to study art history in Europe…yes, how exciting was it to be a student in another country looking at art that I had only seen previously in textbooks. I could write many blog posts about that trip, but this one is about something that happened to me while I was staying at a tiny pensione outside of Rome on a steamy July day in 1969.
Believe me, this place was spare, sparse and run by nuns. But, there was a tiny…and I mean tiny, television in the lounge and on July 20th, all of the American students gathered around it. We watched as Apollo 11 landed on the moon…but the announcement was in Italian, we didn’t understand a word…we got the fact that the US had landed, but that was all. When I returned home I finally heard the words that Neil Armstrong had said on that historic occasion…”One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind.” Such a simple, poetic statement.
He lived up the road from where I was born in Ohio. A man of values and courage from Wapakoneta. He stayed that way all of his life…unlike so many, he choose to remain humble and unaffected by fame. He taught at the University of Cincinnati where I went to college, and he lived in my community…all the time, remaining true to who he was. A real hometown hero.
On the news, the family said that if anyone wanted to know what to do to honor Neil’s memory, they should push boundaries and commit to causes greater than themselves. I thought that was worthy of sharing with you and your family and friends today. That’s a goal for us all, isn’t it?
Also, his family said the best way to honor his memory is “the next time you walk outside on a clear night and see the moon smiling down at you, think of Neil Armstrong and give him a wink,”.
OK Neil, I’ll be winking…I’m sure you’ll be smiling. | <urn:uuid:2d18bc11-995e-4255-9641-99a5c4752c0b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.returntosundaysupper.com/2012/09/a-tribute-to-neil-armstrong-a-true-hometown-hero.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00523-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983953 | 458 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Homelessness on the rise in Wexford
Published 29/09/2015 | 00:00
Emergency housing is at critical levels within the county and the local authority are now being forced to spend thousands of euro on temporary accommodation.
The issue was highlighted at last week's meeing of Wexford Borough District where Cllr Anthony Kelly said he was being approached all the time by people who were facing homelessness because their rents were being increased in the private section and they were unable to meet the increase.
Michelle Bridges Carley of Wexford County Council acknowledged rent increases is a problem in the private rental market. 'Rents are rising. I am acquiring properties but they are going as soon as I get them. It is a juggling game but rising rents is a creeping problem.'
Cllr Davy Hynes said the 'whole housing strategy is failing. What are we going to do. Ozanam House is full up and the women's refuge is inadequate.'
Ms Bridges Carley said 'we have extra emergency houses' but added they were often in use'.
She said there is 'a significant increase in homelessness; there is a lot of homelessness in Wexford. On average we have spent €30,000 so far this year and it could even be higher.'
Much of the time the council is forced to rely on bed and breakfasts for emergency accommodation, she said.
'The rent supplements are completely inadequate.'
Cllr Fergie Kehoe said the big problem is 'when you see people being put out of a RAS house because landlords are getting higher rents on the open market. We can't go on spending money on alternative accommodation when it is not stable accommodation.'
Cllr George Lawlor said 'there is no doubt we are in the middle of a housing crisis. €570 is the most the council can offer but a landlord can get €850 in the private sector.'
He said that elected representatives should be declaring their interests if they were landlords when discussing housing, adding that a previous notice of motion by Cllr Davy Hynes to cap rents had been defeated at council level.
Cllr Deirdre Wadding was keen to point out that the members were not criticising the council. 'You are caught in this horrendous situation and your hands are tied. This is the legacy of three decades and we need to have some kind of radical change.'
Ms Bridges Carley said the council is now concentrating on lease options which they can offer at a very high percentage of the market value for a period of 20 years which she said would give families the most stability. | <urn:uuid:c4422a45-6aa7-4647-bc02-cd52a9d2e4ac> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wexfordpeople.ie/news/homelessness-on-the-rise-in-wexford-31570178.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00472-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983654 | 541 | 1.789063 | 2 |
The president of an evangelical organization in Germany dedicated to issues related to sexuality and bioethics presented various studies this week that show that one in four young people in that country suffer from psychosomatic problems as a result of “sexual liberation.”
According to the Archdiocese of Madrid’s news service, Analisis Digital, Wolfgang Vreemann, president of Wiber Kreuz (White Cross) is warning that sexual pressure is one of the main causes of depression and suicide in young people.
During the recent annual gathering of the organization, Vreeman warned of the disorders that young people between the ages of 15 and 25 are experiencing. Those most evident are of a sexual nature provoked by “the pressure to function” and “the fear of failure,” which affect more than 25% of young people. In addition, many youths feel a sense of emptiness and that they are being reduced to mere objects.
Vreeman said one out of every two German youths acknowledges that sexual relations are not “liberating.” In fact, they are often the cause of depression and suicide—which are the leading causes of death among 15-25 year-olds. According to another study cited by Vreeman, 80% of young people change sex partners frequently, despite desiring to have a lasting relationship.
Vreeman maintained the antidote to the problem is simple: “Engagements need more time to mature.” Therefore he recommends young people wait for marriage until having sexual relationships. | <urn:uuid:15a8b520-8cdb-4d05-9b0a-f6125b907765> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/sexual_liberation_cause_of_disorders_in_one_in_four_german_youth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00325-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964374 | 314 | 2.25 | 2 |
Extension for GNU Readline Library
require "readline" include line = readline("Prompt> ", true)
Reads one line with line editing. The inputted line is added to the history if add_history is true.
completion_proc = proc
Specifies a Proc object to determine completion behavior. It should take input-string, and return an array of completion candidates.
Returns the completion Proc object.
completion_case_fold = bool
Sets whether or not to ignore case on completion.
Returns true if completion ignores case.
completion_append_character = char
Specifies a character to be appended on completion. Nothing will be appended if an empty string ("") or nil is specified.
Returns a string containing a character to be appended on completion. The default is a space (" ").
Specifies VI editing mode.
Specifies Emacs editing mode.
The history buffer. It behaves just like an array. | <urn:uuid:6f00bc04-e1f4-427c-8162-288981929e00> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rubydoc.info/stdlib/readline/1.8.7/frames | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00304-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.677463 | 204 | 2.375 | 2 |
Yes, we absolutely love Wyoming. Why?
- It’s incredibly beautiful here
- The people are friendly
- AND…it continues to be in the top lists of places to do business. But don’t just take our word for it!
According to an article in the 2015 publication by Wyoming Business Connections Titled “BEST IN CLASS”, by Ron Starner, “Trying to list Wyoming’s most important business climate attributes is sort of like trying to name the most scenic vistas in the Cowboy State. The list gets long pretty quick.”
Wyoming has definitely set itself apart when it comes to the business environment of other states.
When the Tax Foundation released it’s last annual report Wyoming Governor Matt Mead was quoted as saying “Wyoming has earned it’s reputation of being the best place for business. We have focused on reduced regulatory burdens and increased policies that promote growth. “
Here are some of the reasons Wyoming has been at the top of many lists time and time again.
- Wyoming is fiscally conservative. According to the 2015-2016 Supplemental Budget Report, the state boasts a $2 Billion budget surplus.
- AAA credit rating
- Wyoming is also investing in transportation and Internet Infrastructures
- Reduced regulatory burdens
- Low corporate filing fees
- Most business friendly tax climate
Other Wyoming Mentions
Cheyenne, Wyoming can also be found on the Global Trade Site Selection List
Small Business Council Policy Index 2014 http://www.sbecouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/SBPI2014Final.pdf
Read the Wyoming Business Climate Magazine at http://www.wyomingbusiness.org/news/article/wyoming-business-climate-magazine-now-/8873
Wyoming Business Council Wyoming Rankings | <urn:uuid:1989bd74-6765-481d-860d-7d605c0d696f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aaacorpservices.com/best-states-to-do-business/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.930115 | 390 | 1.679688 | 2 |
ICT Investment, Productivity and Efficiency: Evidence at Firm Level Using a Stochastic Frontier Approach
We analyze the determinants of ICT investment and the impact of information technology on productivity and efficiency on a representative sample of small and medium sized Italian firms. In order to test the most relevant theoretical predictions from the ICT literature we evaluate the impact of investment in software, hardware and telecommunications of these firms on a series of intermediate variables and on productivity. Among intermediate variables we consider the demand for skilled workers, the introduction of new products and processes and the rate of capacity utilization. Among productivity measures we include total factor productivity, the productivity of labor, and the distance from the “best practice” by using a stochastic frontier approach. Our results show that the effect of ICT investment on firm efficiency can be more clearly detected at firm level data by decomposing it into software and telecommunications investment. We find that telecommunications investment positively affects the creation of new products and processes, while software investment increases the demand for skilled workers, average labor productivity and proximity to the optimal production frontier. We interpret these results by arguing that ICT investment modifies the trade-off between scale and scope economies. While software investment increases the scale of firm operations, telecommunications investment creates a “flexibility option” easing the switch from a Fordist to a flexible network productive model in which products and processes are more frequently adapted to satisfy consumers’ taste for variety. Copyright Kluwer Academic Publishers 2003
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Volume (Year): 20 (2003)
Issue (Month): 2 (September)
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Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
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- Stephen D. Oliner & Daniel E. Sichel, 1994. "Computers and Output Growth Revisited: How Big Is the Puzzle?," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Economic Studies Program, The Brookings Institution, vol. 25(2), pages 273-334.
- Bill Lehr & Frank Lichtenberg, 1999. "Information technology and its impact on firm-level productivity: evidence from government and private data sources, 1977-1993," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 32(2), pages 335-362, April.
- Frank R. Lichtenberg, 1993. "The Output Contributions of Computer Equipment and Personnel: A Firm- Level Analysis," NBER Working Papers 4540, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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- Nelson, Richard R, 1981. "Research on Productivity Growth and Productivity Differences: Dead Ends and New Departures," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 19(3), pages 1029-64, September.
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If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form. | <urn:uuid:ac533447-58ac-422b-9741-ec80e09aa8ed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://ideas.repec.org/a/kap/jproda/v20y2003i2p143-167.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00099-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.770614 | 2,209 | 1.625 | 2 |
HSV / HSB
Value / Brightness
Similar Colors Names
Color Harmonies (Scheme)
The complementary color of #6a9dea is #eab76a. When combined, they cancel each other out: this means that they produce a grayscale color. When placed next to each other, they create the strongest contrast.
A triadic color scheme use three colors that are evenly spaced around the color wheel. Triadic color harmonies tend to be quite vibrant, even if you use pale or unsaturated versions of your hues. To use a triadic harmony successfully, the colors should be carefully balanced - let one color dominate (#6a9dea) and use the two others for accent (#ea6a9d, #9dea6a).
The square color scheme has four colors spaced evenly around the color circle. This creates a balance between warm (#ea6add, #eab76a) and cool (#6a9dea, #6aea77) colors in your design. The square color scheme works best if you let one color be dominant.
Adjacent / Analogous / Analogic
Analogous color schemes use colors that are next to each other on the color wheel. They usually match well and create serene and comfortable designs. The nearest colors, with enough contrast, of #6a9dea are #776aea and #6addea. Choose one color to dominate and a second to support. The third color is used (along with black, white or gray) as an accent.
The split-complementary color scheme is a variation of the complementary color scheme. In addition to the base color #6a9dea, it uses the two colors adjacent to its complement: #ea776a and #ddea6a. This color scheme has the same strong visual contrast as the complementary color scheme, but has less tension. The split-complimentary color scheme is often a good choice for beginners, because it is difficult to mess up.
The rectangle or tetradic color scheme uses four colors arranged into two complementary pairs: #6a9dea and his complementary #eab76a with #b76aea #9dea6a or #ea6a9d #6aeab7. This rich color scheme offers plenty of possibilities for variation. The tetradic color scheme works best if you let one color be dominant. You should also pay attention to the balance between warm and cool colors in your design.
Tints, Shades, and Tones
Adding white to the color: same hue and saturation of #6a9dea, but brighter.
Adding black to the color: same hue and saturation of #6a9dea, but darker. | <urn:uuid:6d7ab5d1-7abb-4e28-8036-5a956b31da8e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.the3rdsequence.com/colors/hex/6a9dea/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.853589 | 768 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Alan created a bolt completely out of InstaMorph. This comes in handy when you have a nut are missing the bolt, or want to make a custom handle for one. Thankfully, Alan’s also willing to share his tips on how you can make your own.
“I threaded the metal bolt coated with vegetable oil in and out a few times, then, removing it and heating the nut in hot water first, I forced the Instamorph through threads till some came out the other end. I then blocked the end and threaded the metal bolt in a bit to compact the Instamorph into the threads for better detail. I kept adding and heating till I was able to add a wingnut head to it. Not easy to make, but was fun to try it again after many years. You need a glove ro hold the hot metal nut as it gets real hot and the larger sizes are easier to work with.”
You can see the results of one of Alan’s prototypes below. | <urn:uuid:d46dcd3c-ccbe-43ba-b94d-f46c8edd5714> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.instamorph.com/ideas/replacement-parts/custom-plastic-bolts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.967011 | 205 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Costa Rica is famous for wildlife watching, and nesting sea turtles are one of the country’s highlights.
Although global sea turtle populations have declined by roughly 95%, Costa Rica has taken important steps to protect these magnificent creatures. On some Costa Rican beaches sea turtle populations are even increasing.
On beaches where sea turtles nest, trained guides show eco-travelers the nesting process up close. The money generated from turtle watching tours, in turn, helps fund conservation efforts.
So viewing sea turtles in Costa Rica isn’t just a beautiful experience. It also helps protect turtles!
On this page, I’ll show you Costa Rica’s best sea turtle nesting beaches. I’ll also provide links to some fantastic sea turtle volunteer opportunities.
Costa Rica Sea Turtles
Costa Rica is home to five of the world’s seven sea turtle species:
Green Sea Turtle
Green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) measure up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) long and weigh up to 420 pounds (190 kg). Named for the green fat beneath their shells, they are the second-largest sea turtles in Costa Rica.
Leatherbacks (Dermochelys coriacea) are the world’s largest sea turtles. They grow up to 10 feet (3 meters) long and weigh up to 2,000 pounds (900 kg). Instead of a hard shell, they have a soft, leathery back.
Olive ridleys (Lepidochelys olivacea) are the smallest sea turtles in Costa Rica. They measure just two feet (0.6 meters) long and weigh 30 pounds (66 kg). On some beaches tens of thousands of olive ridely turtles nest at the same time.
Hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) measure up to 2.6 feet (.8 meters) long. They were once hunted for their beautiful translucent shell, which was used to make combs, eyeglass frames and other decorative items.
Loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) grow up to 3 feet (1 meter) long. They have large, powerful jaws to feed on ocean invertebrates.
Sea Turtle Nesting Beaches in Costa Rica
For most of the 20th century, Costa Rica’s remote northwest Caribbean coast was unknown to biologists. Then, in 1953, American sea turtle researcher Archie Carr visited the village of Tortuguero (“Place of the Turtles”).
He was amazed by what he saw.
Between June and October, tens of thousands of green sea turtles lay their eggs on Tortuguero’s dark sand beaches.
Tortuguero, Carr realized, was no ordinary sea turtle nesting beach. It was the most important green sea turtle nesting beach in the Caribbean.
Carr devoted himself to protecting Tortuguero. In 1975 Costa Rica established Tortuguero National Park, and since then turtle nestings have increased nearly 500%.
Today nearly 20,000 green sea turtles nest here each year — the largest colony of nesting green turtles in the world.
Visit during peak turtle season (July, August, September) and trained guides will show you the sea turtle nesting process up close.
Here’s how it works:
When a female green sea turtle emerges from the Caribbean, she crawls up the beach above the high tide mark. She digs a nest and lays roughly 100 eggs. During this time she goes into “trance,” and it’s ok for people to approach her with red-tinted flashlights.
During peak egg-laying season, official turtle spotters wander the beach in search of egg-laying females. When one is spotted, a trained guide is notified by walkie-talkie. The guide then takes a small group of people to watch the turtle lay eggs. The guide also ensures that the turtle remains undisturbed.
To learn more about Tortuguero turtle tours — including how to find the best guides — check out my full-color book, Costa Rica: The Complete Guide.
Just north of Nosara on Costa Rica’s Pacific coast lies Ostional. For most of the year, there’s nothing special about this dark sand beach. Then, during rainy season, it hosts one of nature’s most extraordinary spectacles.
Once a month between July and December, thousands of olive ridley sea turtles visit Ostional at the same time to lay their eggs in the sand. This phenomenon, called an arribada, lasts 4-7 days. During an arribada Ostional is covered with thousands — sometimes tens of thousands — of olive ridley sea turtles.
The reason for this mass nesting is unclear. But scientists believe it is a form of defense against predators. By laying hundreds of thousands of eggs, turtles overwhelm predators (such as coatis, vultures and dogs) that feed on the eggs.
Ostional’s arribadas grow progressively larger, reaching their peak in October (the depths of the rainy season). There’s no official Ostional turtle calendar; exact timing depends on the moon and the tides. But arribadas often start about a week after the full moon.
Equally impressive are the mass hatchings of baby turtles, which take place 45 – 55 days after an arribada.
Biologists first discovered Ostional’s mass turtle nestings in 1970. In 1983 Costa Rica established the Ostional Wildlife Refuge, which protects 13 miles of beaches and 19,800 acres of ocean.
To learn more about Ostional arribadas, including which companies offer the best tours, check out my full-color guidebook Costa Rica: The Complete Guide.
Although it’s located just north of bustling Tamarindo, Playa Grande feels a world apart.
This beautiful beach stretches 2.5 miles (4 km) north of the Tamarindo estuary. During the day, it’s home to terrific surfing waves. At night, endangered eastern Pacific leatherback sea turtles lay their eggs in the sand.
To protect this critical habitat, Costa Rica established Las Baulas (“Leatherback sea turtle”) National Park in 1991. This severely restricted development at Playa Grande, keeping it in a relatively natural state.
During peak nesting season (October – February), guided turtle nesting tours are offered at Playa Grande. These tours involve waiting up to four hours for guides to spot a turtle on the beach. If a turtle is spotted, you’ll head out to the beach to watch the egg-laying process up close.
It’s important to note that turtle sightings at Playa Grande are not guaranteed. Leatherbacks are critically endangered, so not many visit the beach. Guides claim a 50% success rate during peak nesting season in December and January.
To learn more about Playa Grande leatherback nesting tours, including the best ways to book a tour and how to find reputable guides, check out my full-color guidebook Costa Rica: The Complete Guide.
Sea Turtle Volunteering in Costa Rica
Although Costa Rica is a leader in sea turtle conservation, these magnificent animals still face numerous threats. Egg poaching, offshore fishing, and light pollution (which confuses hatchlings) to name just a few.
Fortunately, there are some terrific environmental organizations working hard to protect sea turtles in Costa Rica. And several of these organizations offer volunteer sea turtle programs.
Sea Turtle Conservancy
The Sea Turtle Conservancy offer an Eco-Volunteer program in Tortuguero from June through October. Participants in the program observe the nesting process and help scientists collect data. Volunteers must be 18 or older. Discounts are available for groups of six or more. Program details.
Earthwatch offers a volunteer program to help critically endangered Pacific leatherback sea turtles. Participants in the program, which runs October through January, patrol the beaches of Playa Grande, Playa Ventanas and Playa Langosta on Costa Rica’s Pacific coast. When leatherback turtles are spotted, volunteers help attach transmitters and relocate eggs to hatcheries. Program details.
The Corcovado Foundation offers three volunteer sea turtle programs near Corcovado National Park. With prices around $40 per day (including lodging and meals) these are among the most affordable volunteer programs in Costa Rica. Program details.
Learn more about Sea Turtles in Costa Rica
Plan the Perfect Trip to Costa Rica
Order Costa Rica: The Complete Guide!
The #1 Costa Rica guidebook.Full-color and filled with insider tips.Plan the ultimate Costa Rica adventure! | <urn:uuid:d6dfa8d6-43d7-4ac2-b25f-07e98651c9e9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jameskaiser.com/costa-rica-guide/costa-rica-best-beaches/sea-turtles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.908382 | 1,829 | 3.015625 | 3 |
I saw that ordinary people believe they have a self and that everyone they meet has a self. They think of it as within the body. Because it is not like that, I have shown that the self is not there in the way it is thought to be. This is expedient means, the right medicine.
But that does not mean there is no self. What is the self? If something is true, is real, is constant, is a foundation of a nature that is unchanging, this can be called the self. For the sake of sentient beings, in all the truths I have taught, there is such a self.
— Buddha, in the Mahaparinirvana Sutra
There are two distinct versions of the Mahaparinirvana sutra, a fundamental text whose subject is the final days and sayings of the Buddha’s life. The version in the early Buddhist Pali Canon, like other texts of that tradition, denies that there is any real self. The citation above is from the Mahayana Buddhist sutra (first two centuries CE) that offers a quite different view of human self. Are these two traditions of Buddhism actually disagreeing with each other? It depends on what we mean by “the self.” And that is not just a subject for introspection. It has significant implications for how we see and interact with our world.
There is something universal and endearing in the drawings of very young children. These stick figures, box houses and animals and the relationships among them are also our first models of ourselves. They express our earliest understanding of who we are, without the rigidity of the conscious self that we acquire by about six years old, the age of reason.
Up to two years of age, an infant’s brain operates mainly at the lowest EEG frequency delta waves of less than 4 cycles per second. From two to six years old, progressively more theta waves of 4-8 cycles/second become the norm. In adults, both these frequencies are characteristic of hypnotic trance. They are suggestible and programmable states, linked to the subconscious mind. Young children subconsciously model the information they need to survive and thrive in the home, in the process absorbing many of their parents’ beliefs and behaviors.
We don’t much employ the higher frequency beta waves of active, focused consciousness (over 12 cycles/second) until puberty. By that time we believe the emerging adolescent self is within our body. Sometimes we are painfully aware it might not actually “be there” in the way our peers seem to assume, but we’re not usually aware of an alternative understanding.
Schooling does not often help. Rather than investigating what the self really is, and what brings it happiness, contemporary education has become a largely utilitarian project. It orients us outwardly to social competition for identity, job, consumer goods and a mate. It reduces the totality of the self to a narrowly-focused ego and social self.
Self-esteem vs self-destructiveness:
What about the key emotional factor of self-esteem? The Dalai Lama has remarked that our mother is our first guru. And the psychologist Erich Fromm pointed out that there is nothing more conducive to giving a child the experience of what love, joy and happiness are than being loved by a mother who loves herself. Indeed, self-acceptance and self-appreciation are the basis of self-esteem.
Neuroscientist Simon Baron-Cohen calls these qualities an internal pot of gold that good parents share with their offspring. What their fortunate children absorb is a lifetime capacity for empathy, resilience and love. Sadly, as everyone knows, there are other instances where the pot contains baser, or even toxic elements that become seeds of later self-destructiveness.
The ecological self:
The philosopher Arne Naess was a co-founder of Deep Ecology. He observed that people who are mature in their relationships can spontaneously identify with all living beings. He proposed that humans have an ecological self, which consists of that with which we identify. To take one pressing example, the Earth in all its splendor and biodiversity is now at risk of runaway global warming caused by our burning of fossil fuels. It will not be spared this devastating fate unless many of us realize and express strong identification with the whole community of life.
Naess believed that as we develop and mature through the fulfilment of our inherent potentialities, the self deepens and broadens. This process, which he termed self-realization, is not the one-dimensional, narcissistic fulfilment of ego trips. Genuine self-realization leads us to see ourselves in others. We take pleasure in their self-realization as well as our own. In fact, there is awareness that the self-realization of others is not separate from our own.
That understanding provides a much sounder basis than moral exhortation to help us accomplish something beautiful, resilient and environmentally sustainable. It has a special relevance for our response to the global ecological crisis, because both environmental science and ethics have (so far) failed to overturn the deceits of consumerism.
The consumer self:
When “self-realization” is misinterpreted as a lifetime of ego trips, we gulibly identify with the simulated realities of the media, and the consumer goods its advertisements promote. The weaker our intrinsic self-esteem, the more likely we are to develop what social psychologist Clive Hamilton calls a consumer self.
A transformation in the meaning of consumption from “meeting needs” to a way of “acquiring identity” has been going on for decades. Contemporary advertising builds up powerful symbolic associations between products and attractive psychological states. Compelling as they are, neither the products nor their associations provide any genuine identity or fulfillment.
At the core of the consumer self is a gnawing dissatisfaction that keeps it addicted to getting and spending. Economic growth, Hamilton points out, no longer creates happiness. Unhappiness sustains economic growth. The consumer self is a victim of corporate psychopathic fiction.
The universal Self:
What the Buddha calls the real, foundational and unchanging self in our beginning quotation above is termed the Self in Advaita (non-dual) Vedanta. For the Buddhist non-dual system of Dzogchen, the Self is a synonym for the Buddha-nature and the ground of all.
Gandhi, the great proponent of nonviolent social activism, saw no distinction between non-duality and social action: “I believe in advaita. I believe in the essential unity of all that lives — What I want to achieve is self-realization, to see God face-to-face, to attain liberation. All my ventures in the political field are directed to this same end.”
Ecological philosopher Thomas Berry extended this identification to the whole universe as “a communion of subjects, rather than a collection of objects.” There is practical importance in such principles. They can sustain us as we work to replace the grandiose self-destructiveness of our civilization with a new ecological modesty and wisdom. Thomas Berry eloquently expressed the appropriate sense of proportion as follows: “It is false to say that humanity is the most excellent being in the universe. The most excellent being in the universe is the universe itself.” | <urn:uuid:6384d4c9-c9be-4231-8e42-c4f963eb0d8c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sweepingzen.com/a-buddhist-ecology-of-self/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00012-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954451 | 1,514 | 2.546875 | 3 |
With space constraints, people are becoming more aware of the need to utilize areas to the maximum. This applies to large areas and small spaces. A prime example is work done on a 1,000 square foot roof in New York City by architects at HWKN as part of automaker BMW MINI’s ‘Creative Use of Space’ project. HWKN has incorporated elements of BMW’s popular MINI Cooper vehicles, turning the rooftop into a green event space with an organic hill.
To retain a green factor, the roof makes use of natural and artificial elements. An abstract architectural grid houses the organic hill that’s punctuated by white seating dimples. A performance stage located atop the hill creates an intimate ambience between entertainers and audience members. When night rolls in, the green carpet lights up using LEDs to turn the space into a club-like scene.
A speaker’s platform is set against a billboard while a lighting tower casts colored light onto the space. A panorama bar overlooks the Hudson River. The entire set up is converted from a dull space into a compact entertainment zone, complete with all the facilities one would expect from a large-scale event space.
The design firm has several other creations up its sleeve, all involving contemporary elements to change the way we view space and architecture. HWKN has been involved in a number of projects besides designing architectural elements for the Creative Use of Space project. For the Volkswagen Blue Motion Campaign, HWKN came up with a breathable piece of architecture. Reminiscent of a bellows, the structure has a roof that goes up and down to cool the space inside. It uses no other technological infrastructure though the articulated façade emphasizes the breathable feature of the structure. The kiosk can glow in the dark and invites visitors to step in for a bit of exploration. | <urn:uuid:a424affb-44b9-446c-83e5-4d328e24aaa5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ecofriend.com/hwkn-designs-rooftop-entertainment-area-minis-creative-use-space.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00105-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917713 | 378 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Contingency clauses are often included in real estate purchase agreements by the buyer. Contingency clauses allow the buyer to back out of the agreement and have their down payment returned to them in the event they or the seller are unable to satisfy the contingency. Contingency clauses are often used to renegotiate terms of the contract if the contingency is not met. In a seller’s market the seller maybe unlikely to agree to any in the contract.
What is an inspection contingency?
An inspection contingency, also known as a due diligence contingency, gives the buyer the right to have the home inspected within a specified period of time from signing the contract. The inspection contingency allows the buyer to either cancel the contract or perform repairs if not satisfactory. What is considered satisfactory will be determined by the terms of the contract.
“Purchaser(s) or its (new) agent shall have right to inspect premises within 48 hours before closing or taking possession to ascertain physical condition of premises, systems and appliances to be transferred.”
While it is preferable for the seller to have all property inspections conducted prior to contract signing, inspection timing is often negotiated. Buyers prefer to have inspections performed after entering into contract. This is because buyers don’t want to spend money on an inspection for a house they don’t get.
What is a financing contingency?
Financing contingencies, also known as mortgage contingencies, allow the purchaser to cancel the contract if the purchaser is unable to obtain a mortgage or loan commitment from a lender. The terms of the contingency vary from contract to contract, but almost always require the purchaser use reasonable efforts to obtain the loan. The type of loan interest type i.e. variable versus fixed, term, and length of time the purchaser has to obtain the commitment are common negotiated terms.
“It is understood and agreed that this agreement is subject to the Purchaser(s)’ obtaining a firm conventional mortgage loan from a lending institution in a sum not less than _____, for a period of not less than _____ years with interest at the prevailing rate at closing of title. The Purchaser(s) (does) (do) warrant and represent that (he/she) (they) will diligently and in good faith apply for said mortgage and will promptly furnish all reports, documents, verifications, and/or fees required in connection therewith. In the event the Purchaser(s) do not obtain said unconditional mortgage by ___________ after the exercise of good faith, then this contract shall be deemed null and void at the option of either party to this agreement, communicated to the other or to their attorney, in writing, via the United States Postal Service, and the Seller(s)’ sole liability hereunder shall be the return of all monies paid pursuant to this contract.”
What is an Attorney Review Contingency?
An attorney review contingency allows the buyer or seller to terminate the contract within a certain number of days of signing upon an attorney’s objection. Attorney contingency clauses are not common in New York because most contracts are negotiated between attorneys. This is unlike New Jersey where the real estate agents prepare a form contract and attorneys may only become involved after the contract signing.
“This contract is subject to the written approval of attorneys for Buyer and Seller within [number of days] calendar days, excluding Sundays and public holidays, from date of acceptance (the “Approval Period”). If either attorney: (i) does not provide written approval within the Approval Period; or (ii) makes written objection to or conditionally approves (collectively, the “Objection”) the contract within the Approval Period and the Objection is not cured by written approval by both attorneys and all of the parties within the Approval Period, then: (A) either Buyer or Seller may cancel this contract by written notice to the other, and any deposit shall be returned to the Buyer, or (B) the approving attorney may notify the other party (with a copy to any attorney listed below), in writing, that no approval has been received, and the noticed party has five (5) calendar, days, inclusive of Sundays and public holidays, from receipt of the notice (“Grace Period”) to provide written attorney approval or disapproval of the contract. The approving attorney shall provide to the noticed party (with a copy to any attorney listed below) a copy of the approving attorney’s approval letter, whether conditional or not, along with the written notice of the Grace Period. If written attorney approval or disapproval is not provided to the approving attorney within the Grace Period, then this Attorney Approval contingency shall be deemed waived by the noticed party, and any conditions in the approving attorney’s approval letter shall be deemed accepted by the noticed party.” | <urn:uuid:575772c3-eb6e-49bf-9705-5b83a5fc0551> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://davisblegal.com/2021/10/06/contingency-clauses-in-residential-real-estate-contract/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.947843 | 1,018 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Because nature is important to us, we work together every day to preserve it and at the same time protect it thanks to our Carlas. In this way we make our customers happy and make a contribution to environmental protection.
An idea emerges
Carla Cargo arose from the fact that the solidarity agriculture Gartencoop Freiburg needed a trailer to transport its vegetables by bicycle. The cooperative has been delivering large quantities of vegetables in Freiburg since 2011 and has set itself the goal of making these deliveries emission-free. As inventors, we quickly recognised the great need for an intelligent trailer concept with which large quantities of vegetables can be transported safely and conveniently by bicycle.
From crowdfunding to starting a business
Among friends the idea to develop a load trailer with electrical support and integrated overrun brake was born. Together with the Space Sushi Collective and a crowdfunding, enough money could be collected to finance the first construction of a Carla Cargo. After more than a year of tinkering and a few test drives, several Carlas have been delivering the vegetables for the Freiburg Gardencoop on a regular basis since summer 2014.
Carla Cargo Engeneering GmbH was founded in spring 2018 to accelerate series production and meet the growing demand for Carlas. Carla Cargo distributes its products throughout Europe and cooperates with selected specialist dealers. Today Carlas are used worldwide and transport heavy loads e.g. in Germany, the Netherlands, France, England, Sweden and the USA.
We tackle it!
The bicycle is one of the most efficient, safest and space-saving means of transport in the world. In combination with powerful electric motors, completely new, sustainable concepts for transporting heavy loads in urban areas are emerging. With Carla Cargo, we have created the opportunity to tackle change, bring an intelligent transport option for the city to market and begin to replace outdated combustion engine based technologies. Our vision are cities where Carlas transports heavy loads and where there is more space to live and more space for new ideas. | <urn:uuid:245ed319-d75c-4770-837c-d6d3bc07940d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bultenbike.se/portfolio/carla-cargo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.928288 | 410 | 1.710938 | 2 |
The artificial prosthesises currently used are only different in the femoral head size, neck length and stem thickness, but there is not any individualized prosthesis. At present, prosthesis looseness is the main problem of artificial femoral replacement, and individual matching level of joints is the bottleneck of restricting prosthesis replacement surgery. If we can design and produce corresponding individual artificial joints according to the patient's bone shape and bio-mechanical characteristics, there will be a significant impact on human health and medical treatment. In this paper, I complete the reconstruction process of the CT three-dimensional finite element model of femur, with the help of powerful image processing functions of medical imaging system MIMICS. I load force with the experimental data provided by the VIMS laboratory, analyze the biomechanical properties of femur and investigate the influence of anteversion angle parameter on mechanical properties. | <urn:uuid:093091c5-5944-4bbb-97d2-ba5cd28e2892> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.scientific.net/AMR.197-198.36 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00480-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.859522 | 179 | 2.453125 | 2 |
When astronomers first spotted the supernova PS1-10afx in 2010, they were stunned by its brilliant, red glow. An otherwise unremarkable star, 10afx detonated nine billion years ago. But because its glow is so bright, astronomers estimated that it once shone brighter than 100 billion suns. In 2013, Harvard scientists concluded that 10afx must be a new, remarkably bright class of supernova.
Unless, of course, distant galaxies are playing tricks on our eyes.
A new study published in the journal Science argues that 10afx is, in fact, an utterly average supernova. But this supernova is conveniently positioned in front of a giant, cosmic lens that makes it appear up to 30 times brighter.
"Between us and the supernova, there is a massive object—a galaxy that bends space-time and acts as a giant magnifying glass," Robert Quimby, an astronomer at the University of Tokyo and coauthor on the study, said in a press conference.
Quimby's giant magnifying glass is a gravitational lens, a result of Einstein's Theory of General Relativity. Gravitational lensing occurs in space when an object with a large gravitational pull, like a galaxy, bends incoming light and refocuses it elsewhere. This can cause the image to scatter or, in some cases, appear brighter.
"It's rather like an extra telescope," said Marcus Werner, a physicist at the University of Tokyo and coauthor on the study. "This magnification allows us to see objects that would be too faint to see otherwise."
In the case of 10afx, Quimby and his team suspected that the supernova's bright red light had bent around a nearby galaxy before its sufficiently magnified rays could reach Earth. That brilliant, reddish glow, then, would have been just an artifact of an intervening galaxy. "We found that, aside from its brightness, [10afx] actually appeared very similar to a normal supernova, but one seen through a gravitational lens." Quimby said.
Gravitational lensing is a rare phenomenon: such cosmic magnification relies on precise alignment between the galaxy and the supernova. "For strong lensing to occur, one typically needs a massive galaxy in the foreground at an optimal distance between us and the background source," said Anupreeta More, a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Tokyo, and coauthor on the study.
Light spectrum analyses confirmed the presence of a galaxy just in front of the supernova, at an appropriate distance for gravitational lensing to occur. The scientists concluded that 10afx had likely been magnified. "The only way I know of to have a supernova look like a supernova but be 30 times too bright is through gravitational lensing," Quimby said.
Further analyses, however, are required to prove conclusively that a gravitational lens is magnifying 10afx. "There will still be some debate about it," says Brad Tucker, an astronomer at the University of California, Berkeley. "It does seem that there is an object in front of the supernova, but we need more spectra data in the infrared." Infrared readings would offer more data points for outside scientists to analyze.
In the meantime, the potentil discovery of a gravitational lens capable of magnifying a supernova is enough to excite the scientific community. "The cool thing about it is you have a star that just blew up, and its actually being magnified," Tucker says. "All of this was originally predicted by Einstein back in 1915. What's really impressive is that we're actually seeing it now." | <urn:uuid:7955852e-88a2-4311-a767-113ddb497c3b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.popularmechanics.com/space/deep-space/a12474/this-super-supernova-is-playing-a-trick-on-our-eyes-16728188/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720737.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00220-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947911 | 742 | 3.890625 | 4 |
ERIC Number: ED294727
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1987
Reference Count: 0
Sustainable Resource Development in the Third World. Selected Papers from an International Symposium (Columbus, Ohio, September 1985). Westview Special Studies in Natural Resources and Energy Management.
Southgate, Douglas D., Ed.; Disinger, John F., Ed.
Over time, scientists, technologists, and resource managers in affluent countries have devised and institutionalized methodologies for exploiting and managing natural resources in their own environments with considerable success. In doing so, they have provided models, at least of development and affluence, that the less developed countries seek to employ. An international symposium involving both invited and contributed papers addressed the technological and institutional challenges of sustainable development of natural resources in the Third World. Described in many papers are approaches that have worked in developing countries. Topics considered include: (1) forestry; (2) soil erosion; (3) renewable energy; (4) economic analyses; (5) biological diversity; (6) environmental education; (7) distribution of charcoal stoves; and (8) sustainable development. (TW)
Descriptors: Depleted Resources, Developing Nations, Ecological Factors, Economic Factors, Environmental Education, Foreign Countries, Forestry, Fuels, International Cooperation, Natural Resources, Quality of Life, Science and Society, Soil Conservation
Westview Press, 5500 Central Avenue, Boulder, CO 80301 ($22.00).
Publication Type: Reports - Descriptive; Collected Works - Proceedings
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Note: Some drawings may not reproduce well. | <urn:uuid:b9a30396-22eb-4afd-870a-51fde6afdebc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED294727 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00300-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.848988 | 351 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Keeping your stress at bay is important for good heart health. Anxiety and stress can damage your overall health as well as your heart, and should be minimized if at all possible. However, not all stress can simply be eliminated from your life. Being aware of how stress contributes to heart issues may help you take daily steps to greatly reduce your stress levels.
Being regularly stressed out can cause serious inflammation, triggering cardiovascular problems. Arteries in your heart can become clogged and could prevent your heart from functioning as well as it should.
Studies show that people dealing with extremely challenging situations, such as grieving the loss of a loved one or serving in the military, have been more likely to have heart problems.
Consider engaging in daily calming practices, like meditation or exercise, to help you reduce the amount of stress in your life and the possibility of unwanted inflammation around your heart.
Raises Blood Pressure
Your ideal blood pressure (BP) reading should be 120/80. This will help keep your heart in good condition and work to keep your blood flowing to and from your heart in the way it should.
However, stress can cause your BP reading to spike, and over time, this can cause damage to your heart and arteries. This could potentially lead to heart disease or even a heart attack, if left untreated.
Be sure to add some simple tricks and techniques to your daily routine, even ones as simple as deep breathing, to help you reduce the stress in your everyday life.
Let Us Help!
At Brookhaven Heart, we are experts when it comes to having and maintaining a healthy heart. We can complete a thorough examination for you that will show the condition of your heart and provide you with ways to reduce stress in your life. Simply give us a call at (631) 654-3278 and we’ll schedule an appointment for you. | <urn:uuid:d40c828c-6430-423b-8033-0343306deb71> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brookhavenheart.com/how-stress-negatively-affects-your-heart/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.948883 | 384 | 2.515625 | 3 |
130 million years ago a beetle first discovered the sticky sweet sap of a coniferous tree, and in that instant the world began to change. Plants evolved flowers with showy petals and fragrances, where nectar could be stored to attract animals to them. Animals in turn developed specialized feeding tools, such as proboscises, and wings that enabled many species to flit from one bloom to another, enabling the plants to propagate. It was a very intimate relationship that developed between the angiosperms and the animals.
Without animal pollinators the Earth will loose some 75% of its flowering plants, including most of the fruits, vegetables, and nuts that we eat. In addition to the losses in food supply, we will face a loss in wildlife as well, as insect pollinators not only assist in plant reproduction, but feed large numbers of animals as a keystone organism in the food chain.
Who are the Pollinators?
Honeybees may be the most commonly used pollinator in domestic agriculture, but they are far from being the only pollinators. Wasps, butterflies and moths, flies, gnats, mosquitoes, beetles, and even animals like birds, opossums, bats, monkeys, lizards, and more–transfer pollen from one blossom to another, aiding plants in their reproduction.
There are some 200,000 individual animal species world-wide; in North America there are 4000 species of native bees. In Maine alone we have approximately 400 different kinds of wild bees. Wild pollinators are worth an estimated value of $3 billion annually.
Threats to Pollinators
By now most people have heard about the devastating losses of honeybees around the world, but many do not realize that those losses do not stop with the honeybees. The same ailments that are affecting our domesticated bees are posing problems for the wild bees. Pollinators across the board are being affected, and if we don’t act we will not only be hurting ourselves, but also future generations of man-kind.
Pesticides have disastrous effects for pollinators; insecticides kill pollinators directly, while herbicides do so indirectly by reducing the diversity of the flowering plants supplying pollen and nectar. While most commercial farmers use such chemicals, studies have found that the bulk of the problem is related to residential homeowners whose chem-use is not regulated. Also most homeowners have little to no opportunity for education about the potential impacts of spraying, nor how to properly use them.
Certainly pesticides are at the top of the list, but diseases and parasites, habitat loss, urban development, and exotic invasive organisms, all play a part in pollinator losses.
How the Average Citizen Can Help Pollinators in Their own Backyard
Fortunately many people are beginning to realize that everything on Earth is part of a finely intertwined system. The general public is increasingly inclined to eat local, and to grow organic, striving to avoid the use of harsh chemicals like herbicides and insecticides.
Home-owners can begin to incorporate pollinators in their yards by reducing lawn-size, using native plants, and planting for continuous bloom to provide season-long food for pollinators. Planting in clumps so that blooms are easy to spot, and offering a variety of flower types, shapes and sizes to suit pollinators with varying lengths of proboscises, are also ways to create habitat for these keystone organisms. Native-bee nesting habitats are available at garden-supply stores, as are schematics on how to make your own, and tips for supplying water to pollinators in residential yards can be found too.
Beekeepers in Somerset County are eager to talk with locals about pollinator friendly practices; if you–or someone you know–would like to hear more ways to help pollinators please don’t hesitate to contact us! | <urn:uuid:e8c29e95-d8ff-452a-b013-c98e5907e749> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mainebeekeepers.org/somerset-beekeepers/pollinators-and-you/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00280-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946212 | 782 | 3.828125 | 4 |
PGCE Secondary Spanish / Course details
Year of entry: 2022
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PGCE Secondary (Spanish) will train you to teach Spanish across the 11 to 16 or 11 to 18 age range.
It will prepare you to teach the National Curriculum, GCSE and A-level.
Completion leads to a postgraduate qualification and recommendation for qualified teacher status (QTS).
University-based sessions will enable you to reflect on teaching methods.
We are dedicated to developing your expertise and we believe passionately in the benefits of creative, motivating and engaging language lessons to create the next generation of lifelong language speakers.
Our sessions are all interactive and good pedagogy is modelled by skilled and highly motivated University Tutors and guest speakers. Your University Tutors combine experience as outstanding teachers with academic knowledge of innovative, current and relevant educational research.
We have strong partnerships with schools and colleges, many of which are involved in research projects with the University. We work with a large variety of schools, comprehensives, grammar schools, special schools and sixth form colleges, allowing us to personalise your placement experiences to your individual needs.
- Develop a critical awareness of lesson and curriculum planning, spending time on each with school-based mentors and University tutors.
- Develop skills and knowledge in inclusive language teaching.
- Develop pedagogy and gain an understanding of a range of different teaching strategies in the ML classroom, and also in activities beyond the classroom.
- Develop subject and curriculum knowledge for KS3, KS4 and KS5 languages.
- Our PGCEs are rated 'Outstanding' by Ofsted (2019), and we have been judged best university provider of initial teacher training in the North of England (Good Teacher Training Guide 2017).
- We have links with more than 200 schools, academies and colleges, and you will benefit from significant school-based teaching experience.
- Our leading experts in education have trained more than 5,000 teachers in the last 15 years.
- Our students come from all over the globe and a variety of backgrounds - from recent graduates to mature learners.
- Our research improves the quality of education across the world, with 78% of our activity defined as 'world-leading' or 'internationally excellent' (Research Excellence Framework 2014).
Teaching and learning
The structure of our PGCEs includes both school-based and university-based learning.
On our secondary PGCEs, around two-thirds of your time will be spent on placement in secondary schools and colleges.
The course is run in partnership with schools and colleges drawn from a wide area, including Bolton, Bury, Cheshire, Deeside, Lancashire, Manchester, Merseyside, Oldham, Rochdale, Salford, Staffordshire, Stockport, Tameside, Trafford, Warrington and Wigan.
The University's partnership schools are highly committed to giving you the best possible experience whilst you are on your school placements, giving you the opportunity to put into practice all the knowledge you have acquired from sessions held at the University.
When on placement, you will observe and teach classes under the guidance of an experienced Subject Mentor, who will help you to plan lessons, deal with marking and assessment, and improve your teaching skills.
Peer observations of lessons will enable you to participate actively in your own and your fellow students' development as teachers. You will be provided with a significant amount of responsibility to develop your own teaching style, set targets, take your own initiatives and evaluate your own work in planning, teaching and assessing.
Your remaining time will be spent at the University, for example in lectures and seminars, and in subject-specific groups.
We will support your training to become a secondary school teacher by providing:
- a quality teaching experience in our partnership schools and colleges;
- a study of current educational issues;
- careers planning and early professional development;
- guidance and support from experienced University Tutors and school-based mentors;
- opportunities for reflective practice and research.
As a guide, you should anticipate that time in university-based learning combined with school-based placements will roughly equate to a full-time job, with additional time required in evenings and weekends for background reading, lesson planning and completing written assignments.
Coursework and assessment
Your school and University experiences are formally assessed. Both your mentors and tutors will help you to record your achievements and set targets from week to week and from placement to placement.
During each placement, a University tutor will observe you teach and discuss your progress with you and your mentor.
At the end of each school experience, you will receive a progress report from your mentor. The report will provide clear feedback and targets in the following areas:
- subject and curriculum knowledge;
- planning and teaching;
- wider professional responsibilities.
These reports, together with your record of achievement and development, facilitate your progression as a teacher.
The written assignments will allow you to gain a maximum of 60 master's-level credits, and guidance and support to complete these assignments will be available from your University tutors.
What our students say
I always thought I would enjoy teaching, but even my first term of the PGCE has confirmed this more than I had imagined. You get so much more responsibility than you imagine, the classes become yours and you become the teacher, a role I didn't think would be fully achievable until the NQT year. It's hard work, but it is extremely rewarding and at Manchester, we are lucky to receive such high-quality training and support.
Read more about Naomi's experience in her student profile.
The course is taught by the Manchester Institute of Education (MIE), with most PGCE University days based there in University's Ellen Wilkinson building, centrally located on the University's Oxford Road campus, close to the Main Library, Alan Gilbert Learning Commons and the Students Union. | <urn:uuid:d9c51b8e-8c94-4fff-a451-0930d5d7d2bb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.manchester.ac.uk/study/masters/courses/list/11527/pgce-secondary-spanish/course-details/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.951592 | 1,240 | 2.5625 | 3 |
In this period, each part of life spins round PC innovation in coalition with the Internet. Whatever exercises we used to do outside the house, is presumably decreasing continuously. Various open air games are supplanted by internet games. The offspring of the 21st century are more energized with exciting and mind prodding internet games like room get away from games, than running outside. The virtual illustrations in these games repay the landscape of genuine outside games.
You can discover an excess of sites that are uniquely intended for messing around on the web. It’s obviously true that the vast majority of these game sites permit you to play without opening your wallet or swiping your card. Henceforth, you can discover innumerable individuals turning their advantage towards these games, as opposed to spending anything at all on different types of amusement.
Aside from the cash factor, there are different perspectives that charge individuals towards internet games. The famous room get away from games are loaded up with invigorating secrets to be tackled to discover the exit from the room where you are secured. The delight experienced in dominating these matches is a pride, like finishing an assessment. Individuals who can’t invest more energy in internet games can settle on basic games, where you can hit upon the hints effectively, and not in any way tedious.
For the individuals who drive more often than not to meet their plans for getting work done, can play these games on the web. With the utilization of palmtops, journal PCs and PDAs, which are extremely cheap, it is feasible to remain associated and partake in your game on the run. This technique for play has practically zero entanglements 온라인홀덤 while downloading, and doesn’t need unique apparatuses to play. Also, it tends to be a superb option for no particular reason in the drawn-out and dull travel time frames on a vehicle or a plane.
Grievances, similar to the added substance nature of internet games are exceptionally normal recently. The two grown-ups and children can turn out to be similarly dependent towards these games, attributable to its elating highlights. However, in the event that we investigate the highlights of room get away from games, you would acknowledge they are not too awful. The secrets remembered for get away from games hone the critical thinking abilities of children. Without fixation, you can only with significant effort dominate these matches. Thus, on the off chance that you play them routinely there is a gigantic upgrade in the degree of fixation. Numerous investigations demonstrate that youngsters playing virtual games will in general show undeniable degree of reflexes, sensible capacity and fixation power.
At the point when children win in these getaway games they get an increase in self-assurance. They will foster mental nimbleness and more ready when they get together issues, in actuality. Grown-ups discover get away from games to be a desert spring from the dreary plan for getting work done, and can invigorate for the following round of business. | <urn:uuid:d86ac6f6-05e6-4a7f-bcf7-1a1586377530> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.adexltd.co.uk/playing-escape-games-to-break-out-from-your-daily-routine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.945174 | 618 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Here is some Mitchell Daily Republic's coverage on Monday's visit to Mitchell of South Dakota GOvernor Dennis Daugaard:
Gov. Dennis Daugaard said Monday in Mitchell that the state must focus on teacher quality, student performance and better training opportunities for both.
That will mean changing how teachers are evaluated, Daugaard said, and eventually lead to the end of tenure for South Dakota teachers.
During the governor’s State of the State speech last week in Pierre, he said he hopes to give students better opportunities through training and attracting better teachers to the state. He envisions a three-year implementation of the program.
Daugaard spoke Monday morning at the Highland Conference Center in Mitchell to a crowd of about 50 and later sat down with The Daily Republic editorial board to discuss his education goals, as well as other issues.
Daugaard compared education in 1971 to 2011. He said the number of K-12 students in South Dakota has dropped by 49,377, but the state is spending more per student.
In 1969, the state spent about $4,000 per student in today’s dollars, he said. Forty years later, the state was spending nearly $9,000 per student.
“It’s perfectly reasonable to assign more human resources or more dollar resources to any job,” he said, but he added that the extra investment should produce results.
The governor’s staff also compared state ACT scores from the last 40 years and found the scores have remained flat from 1985 to the present.
“We should not measure our schools based on the money we’re putting in or how many people are in the school,” he said. “We should measure our schools by what our students are doing.”
Daugaard said he cannot justify putting more money into what he termed the current ineffective educational system in South Dakota.
Then he shows his plan to throw tons more money into the monopoly:
The common set of core standards will be based on problem-solving and a higher order of thinking, he said. The budget will call for $8 million to train teachers on the common core standards.
The accountability system will test students at the beginning, middle and end of the year. This will enable teachers to understand how students have grown through the year.
The teacher evaluation system will include administrators looking at growth in test scores and classroom evaluation.
Daugaard said the new education plan will be implemented over the next three years, so by the 2014-15 academic year, teachers performing in the top 20 percent in each district will receive $5,000 bonuses.
“They could be eligible to earn it each year,” he said.
South Dakota also needs to train teachers to work in math and science, he said.
Last year, 179 elementary education teachers were trained in the state while two science teachers were trained.
“We need to incent them to choose high school science and math,” Daugaard said.
Starting in the 2013-14 academic year under Daugaard’s plan, math and science teachers in South Dakota will automatically receive a $3,500 bonus each year they stay in the field. Those teachers are also eligible for the $5,000 bonus.
Because this new system is based on evaluation, Daugaard said the tenure system must disappear.
Current teachers who have reached tenure status will keep it, but new teachers entering the field will never see tenure, he said, if the Legislature passes the proposal.
He said it’s an outdated concept that is difficult to defend.
“I don’t think they even know why they have it, other than it’s institutionalized,” Daugaard said.
Daugaard was accompanied by South Dakota Education Secretary Melody Schopp and Tony Venhuizen, his director of policy and communications, and he said all three will work to pass the package through the Legislature.
This is all smoke and mirrors. Governor Daugaard is implementing the National Governor Association's Common Core Standards. The bonus plan is a bone thrown out to get teacher support. Tenure is removed to get rid of the teachers who do not go along with the international based Common Core Standards. Expect costs per students to continue to rise and mediocrity to continue. As I said before, this is a world-wide plan to make all of us the same and under the control of the monoply capitalists. | <urn:uuid:28b46ee4-0f26-4323-adb9-a47f8223792b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://sibbyonline.blogs.com/sibbyonline/2012/01/daugaard-says-no-more-money-for-ineffective-public-education-and-then-pours-on-the-pork.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719155.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00334-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963684 | 925 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Where do big ideas come from? How do we spark them in our own lives? What can we learn from others, such as Stephen Hawking, who have helped advance our understanding through science? This special TVO broadcast, recorded at the grand opening of the Stephen Hawking Centre at Perimeter Institute, is available below and examines Professor Hawking's sizeable contributions to physics, his role in popularizing science, and his inspirational life story. Leading thinkers gathered to discuss his impact and how theoretical physics continues to drive new understanding that is vital to our future. And given Professor Hawking's birthday celebration - he turns 70 on Sunday, January 8, 2012 - this program continues to offer a timely tribute to his many important words and ideas.
A Brief History of Stephen Hawking (5 min excerpt)
Full Broadcast of Stephen Hawking: The Power of Ideas (60 min)
More About the Broadcast
This special edition of Big Ideas on TVO is moderated by science communicator Ivan Semeniuk, Chief of Correspondents with NATURE, who navigates audiences through a mini-documentary, video clips, commentary and contributions from:
- Stephen Hawking, with a message to "keep talking"
- Neil Turok, Director of Perimeter Institute, cosmologist and TED Prize winner
- Julie Payette, astronaut, systems engineer and Officer of the Order of Canada
- Rebecca Sax, cognitive scientist at MIT, who's work touches on how the brain constructs abstract thoughts.
- James Gates, Professor of Physics at the University of Maryland and member of President Obama's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology.
- David Foster, noted musician, composer, songwriter, producer and multi-Grammy Award winner
- Rick Hanson, most famous for his Man in Motion World Tour, Canadian paralympian and author
- William Shatner, well known actor and author, perhaps most famous for his culturally iconic portrayal of James T. Kirk
The program was recorded on September 17th, 2011, during grand opening activities of the new Stephen Hawking Centre at Perimeter Institute. "We are very pleased, along with our science communication partners at TVO, to share the mini-documentary and full program on line for all to enjoy." said John Matlock, Director of External Relations and Public Affairs at Perimeter Institute. "This special event not only provides an insightful look into the work of Stephen Hawking and the frontiers of new knowledge through physics, it also celebrates the potential of the human mind to realize new ideas, talents and creativity in shaping a better world."
- Expanding the Perimeter with The Stephen Hawking Centre at PI
- Grand Opening Plans for the Stephen Hawking Centre at Perimeter Institute
- Stephen Hawking Centre At Perimeter Institute Honoured
TVO is Ontario's public educational media organization and a trusted source of interactive educational content that informs, inspires and stimulates curiosity and thought. Celebrating 40 years, TVO's vision is to empower people to be engaged citizens of Ontario through educational media. TVO is funded primarily by the Province of Ontario and supported by sponsors and thousands of donors. For more information, visit tvo.org. | <urn:uuid:46c1ae35-cb50-45b7-bc88-95b21b5ed40f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://perimeterinstitute.ca/news/stephen-hawking-power-ideas | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721174.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00282-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942903 | 639 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Only one mile from the end of the road gives Pine Point the quiet getaway location that you will cherish each time you visit. Being strategically located at your back door, the BWCAW, Voyageurs National Park, and Canada’s Quetico Provincial Park offer you unspoiled wilderness with millions of acres and thousands of scenic shoreline miles to fish, hike, and explore.
Of the park's 218,000 acres over one-third are water. Thirty lakes of all sizes make up this enchanting chain of lakes. The larger lakes are dotted with pine covered rocky islands. The beauty is extraordinary. Your experience at Pine Point could include motorboating, fishing, canoeing, sightseeing, hiking along trails, looking for animal signs or blueberries in season. Voyageurs National Park stands preserved and protected by the National Park Service, giving you a view of the world as it appeared to the French and Canadian fur traders.
On either side of Pine Point's Peninsula, there are two separate rivers coming in. Walleye, Bass and Crappies key on the forage that is abundant in these incoming waters.
An underwater ridge is located just in front of the resort. This makes for an excellent Crappie fishing hole. In fact, try fishing from the docks at the resort. Northern, Bass, Walleye or Crappie are frequently caught just outside your cottage door.
Are you looking a one of a kind Muskie trip of a lifetime?
Imagine telling your friends that you fished for a distinct muskie that was left behind after the glaciers receded thousands of years ago! Truly, these unique fish are only found in this exclusive lake and have been labeled a genetically dwarfed species. Your adventure begins with a 2 1/2 mile hike, where you will find a canoe, then paddle one mile, and finish with an approximate quarter mile portage to this mystifying lake. Check with Jeff or Cathy to make plans for this trip.
Can Lake Sturgeon fly?
We’d have a photo, but it’s nearly impossible to catch on film. Grab your camera and get ready for the challenge! In any event, in an average week, there are multiple sightings of this prehistoric fish jumping (it looks like they are trying to fly) out of the water. If you're out fishing on the water, you'll hear a loud belly flop splash; you'll look around quickly, and then wonder, “What was that?” Well, most likely, it would have been a Lake Sturgeon! Not only do they jump, but when you least expect it, one will latch onto your fishing line and give you the fight of a lifetime! Generally, he, or she, who is fishing, has been extremely surprised to have one on their line. This battle with one of the oldest vertebrates on Earth can last for hours! Typically, nine out of ten times, your fishing equipment will lose to this battle. Any photo taken is a well earned prize! | <urn:uuid:0acdbaf3-36e5-4440-a42a-8b706358f482> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pinepointlodge.com/lakes.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.957198 | 619 | 1.734375 | 2 |
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The Learning PhraseBook Dutch <-> Swedish for Windows is part of a unique suite of language learning applications for your PC. It provides nearly 14,000 travel-oriented phrases and instantly translates in both directions between Dutch and Swedish.
This remarkable resource has been specifically developed to assist anyone who would like to learn a foreign language. Simply install it on your computer to begin practicing thousands of foreign phrases. You will then be prepared for everyday conversation abroad or for when visiting a bank, the post office, doing your shopping, visiting a restaurant, and more. Completely Windows 7 ready.
The phrases are organized into 15 topics for easy browsing and the Quick Search and Learn functions ensure you attain proficiency quickly and effectively. Its friendly multilingual interface even lets you navigate its easy to use features in any one of 5 languages. As part of a complete suite of language solutions, this phrasebook is also capable of full integration with the LingvoSoft FlashCards and LingvoSoft Dictionary applications.
- English, French, German, Spanish and Russian interfaces;
- 14,000 common phrases organized into 15 topics;
- Quick search by first letters of key words;
- Letter recognition function;
- Easily change direction of translation;
- Topic List also presented as topic icons;
- Quick switch between topics;
- Special Useful Words section;
- Instant translation;
- Effective learning game;
- Quick integrated lookup function when optional dictionary is installed;
- Useful Words section can be converted into a FlashCards database file;
16 MB free space on the hard disk
Internet Explorer 6.0 or higher
Sound card (for the LingvoSoft Talking PhraseBook only)
To make sure this software application will function properly on your unit, please download and test its trial version.
Discover what other great software titles are available for the languages you've selected.
|LingvoSoft FlashCards 2016 Dutch <-> Swedish for Windows||$49.95| | <urn:uuid:a8f36ebe-899f-44ba-aaf6-3ed2051452d8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.lingvosoft.com/LingvoSoft-PhraseBook-Dutch-Swedish-for-Windows/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00437-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.854313 | 411 | 2 | 2 |
Real Oil Paints, Real Brushes, Real Artists, Real Art. The Certificate of Authenticity which arrives with every painting provides an assurance and verifies the authenticity of the hand painted fine art reproduction you purchased. Each oil painting is created by hand using only the finest canvas and oil paints available.
Important Notes About Your Painting:
If you have any request to alter your reproduction of Lady Godiva, you must email us after placing your order and we'll have an artist contact you. If you have another image of Lady Godiva that you would like the artist to work from, please include it as an attachment. Otherwise, we will reproduce the above image for you exactly as it is.
John Maler Collier's Lady Godiva, painted around 1898 by the late pre-Raphaelite master, is an imagined reproduction of the medieval myth of Lady Godiva.
Capturing the moment when the 11th- century aristocrat reportedly rode naked atop a horse through the streets of the English city of Coventry in protest of the unfair taxes levied upon the tenants of her husband's estates, Collier celebrates a legendary hero and supporter of the ever-exploited individuals of the English underclass. Emerging at the tender age of twenty as a prodigious painter of fashionable subjects, Collier was one of the most celebrated popular painters of the nineteenth century. Greatly influeced by John Everett Millais, Collier made a successful career painting genre works and supplying figurative reproductions of theatrical figures. After his initial fame waned he restored his reputation by studying and depicting the hardships and inequalities of contemporary life. Lady Godiva, almost situated in a legendary medieval England, firmly references the Victoria treatment of the poor.
Although rather conservative in his technique and slightly too restrained in his approach, Collier's sensual and urgent use of colour have the ability to suggest deeply evocative moods. Writing extensively on the art of painting, Collier was deeply integrated in his craft. Lady Godiva, a curiously pensive reproduction of the myth and a profoundly thoughtful work, is painted from the point of view of a passerby, perhaps the original 'Peeping Tom' who, upon staring at the naked noblewoman, was struck blind. Like his Victorian colleagues, the pre-Raphaelite, the Symbolists, and other movements that focused on gazing at the female form, Collier used feminine beauty as both the target and the weapon of his dramas. Displaying a unique approach to the staging of his images, Collier's work would prefigure the mise-en-scene of silent cinema.
Free shipping is included in the price of the painting. Once the painting is ready and dry enough to ship, we will roll it and ship it in a sturdy cardboard tube.
We always ship express via courier to ensure your order reaches you as soon as possible - normally within three business days. The total delivery time from the moment you place your order until the package is delivered to your door is normally between three to four weeks.
If, in the unlikely event you were dissatisfied with the painting after reviewing it in person, it can be returned for a full refund for up to 7 days after delivery.
When you receive the painting; you are free to return it for more revisions or else for a full refund minus our actual shipping cost -- which is, on average, $25 per painting.
1st Art Gallery provides a full warranty covering manufacturing and material defects for paintings purchased from our website. The warranty covers damage for normal use. Damage caused by incidents such as accidents or inappropriate use are not covered.
Depending on the degree of damage to the warranted painting, it will either be repaired or replaced. This warranty service is provided free of charge. | <urn:uuid:73c4c4c5-2411-4e01-975d-3597b803c22b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.1st-art-gallery.com/John-Maler-Collier/Lady-Godiva.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00391-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964051 | 762 | 1.632813 | 2 |
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Social Media Influencer Here’s why we need them
Who are “Influencers” An influencer can be defined in two ways: By the number of followers the person has on Social Media. The expertise displayed by the person on the subject. Or let’s put it as: Influencer = Following + Knowledge
Influencers understand the market, the audience, the psychology of the customers and hence the way to cater to that market as well!
Examples Twitter Vine LinkedIn
Non Celebrity Influencers
Why and How are they Helpful?
1 Wider Reach An influencer is just what their name suggests. They are looked up to by a large number of Followers. Their opinion matters! So, when they talk about your brand and the world listens. a
2 Famous your brand If an influencer is talking about your brand, so are his/her followers and eventually their Friends and the friends of friends. We see a chain in this process, do you? i.e. The higher the number of followers an influencer has, wider is the reach of your brand.
3 Quality content Influencers have a huge following and are highly appreciated because peopleconfide in them and the content they put out is considered as high value content. Almost like information that people use as reference to your brand.
4 Building Relationship Influencers often maintain a good relationship with their followers, thus keeping them informed about important topics, clearing their doubts and communicating the needful. Through influencers a brand can communicate with their audience. i.e. It is an indirect yet full proof way to build a relationship with your brands target market!
5 Their insights matter Influencers are more often than not, experts from the industry. They stay updated about latesttrends and have better insights about the industry. In fact, in many cases, they are the trendsetters themselves. Through influencers you can notjust reach your TG but also reach these newest ideas!
Influencers Vs Advocates Influencers Well known people, generally bloggers, experts or celebrities. Work on a payment model, in forms of perks, gifts or financial benefits. Have a greater fan following. Advocates People from your customer base. Talk good about you out of experience. Genuine and more effective when it comes to word of mouth.
Popular is not Equal to Influencer On the other hand, if a scientist talks about the nuclear weapon it would be highly appreciated. Slim in 10 Days Nuclear Weapons A popular figure might not always be an influencer, especially in domains where they do not practice expertise. | <urn:uuid:fedcf4bc-8a98-4af3-8cab-2ec3f3933a59> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://keepslide.com/marketing/42345 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00240-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944674 | 538 | 1.804688 | 2 |
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$20 FRN Series 1934 Minneapolis LGS Stars
When I started collecting small size notes, information regarding the number of star notes printing was often not available. For over thirty years I have been recording serial number data for star notes I observed or appeared in auction. I have been able to calculate several star note printings from my observations.
The two notes from my collection validate that 36,000 $20 FRN Series 1934 Minneapolis light green seal star notes were printed. The first note is considered a LGS, while the second is DGS. Since print runs were normally in multiples of 1000 sheets or 12,000 notes, it can be calculated that the change from LGS to DGS occurred at I00036000*.
This information was shared with John Schwartz and is now included in the Standard Guide to Small Size U.S. Paper Money. | <urn:uuid:a9b3d9c6-2474-4b7e-b38c-55ee48d23f9b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.spmc.org/blog/20-frn-series-1934-minneapolis-lgs-stars | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00085-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952179 | 184 | 1.859375 | 2 |
What is it about nature?
I was hooked after my first day on the Otter Trail. Having arrived straight from a busy and stressful job, still ruminating over past conversations, I noticed that gradually I began to hear the sound of the ocean and the birds in the trees, my internal chatter receding further and further away, until all I was aware of was the rhythmic beat of my steps on the earth. Now, I return to nature often to help clear my mind and find serenity. So, what is it about being in nature that has this positive psychological effect? It turns out that Scientists now have evidence that being in nature has a profound impact on our brains and our behaviour, reducing our anxiety and stress, as well as increasing our attention capacity, creativity, and our ability to connect with other people.
Researcher David Strayer, of the University of Utah says we are now seeing changes in the brain and body that suggest we are physically and mentally more healthy when we are interacting with nature – and to my mind these findings could not come sooner, especially as I see our children these days spending more and more time indoors and online.
What is the science showing us:
Being in nature decreases stress and makes you happier
We know that any physical activity can reduce stress and anxiety. But, there’s something about being in nature that has a beneficial effect on stress reduction, above and beyond what exercise alone might produce. Research shows that those who walk in nature have significantly lower heart rates, greater relaxation and less stress, and report better moods and less anxiety, than those who walk in urban settings. The reasons for this effect are unclear; but scientists believe that we evolved to be more relaxed in natural spaces.
Nature relieves attention fatigue and increases creativity
Today we are surrounded by technology constantly pulling for our attention. But many scientists believe our brains were not made for this kind of information bombardment, and that it can lead to mental fatigue, overwhelm, and burnout, requiring “attention restoration” to get back to a normal, healthy state. Strayer believes that being in nature restores depleted attention circuits, which can then help us be more open to creativity and problem-solving.
Nature may help you to be kind and generous
Paul Piff of the University of California conducted an experiment in which participants staring up at a grove of very tall trees for as little as one minute experienced measurable increases in awe, and demonstrated more helpful behavior than participants who spent the same amount of time looking up at a high building. The researchers concluded that experiencing the beauty of nature increases positive emotion, perhaps by inspiring awe, and the sense of being part of something bigger than oneself, which then leads to more generous behaviours.
While the research may not be conclusive I think it points to what we all intuitively know – that there’s something about nature that makes us feel more alive! It makes us feel better, think better and may prompt us to help others. We are lucky enough to live in one of the most beautiful parts of the world, with nature on our doorstep – let’s get out there with our families and appreciate it.
As Strayer says “If you are constantly on a device or in front of a screen, you’re missing out on something that’s pretty spectacular: the real world.” | <urn:uuid:a9b2ce7a-8567-4afc-a34f-5da6e84d6749> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://realwisdom.com.au/2016/09/20/happiness-creativity-kindness-nature/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.96496 | 691 | 2.640625 | 3 |
In the Garden:
Northern & Central Midwest
Mulch alliums such as shallots heavily with straw.
Mulch, My Savior
I love mulch! It has saved me (my garden, anyway) from many a dry spell. Even though we had plenty of moisture in the early part of this summer, much of the Midwest was dry through July. I went away for two weeks in late July, just as things began to ripen, so I had to drought-proof the garden before I left.
How I Mulch
I watered the vegetables well and then put down a fresh layer of straw, 4 to 6 inches thick. I even put straw over the areas I'd left fallow for fall crops so the soil wouldn't draw moisture away from the rest of the vegetables.
We always keep a pile of leaves in a back area to decay and make leaf mold for potting soil. I raided this pile for the dry leaves on top, shredded them, and covered the perennial flowers with a fresh layer of mulch.
When we came home, the garden was thriving, and the soil under the mulch was perfectly moist. Even the tomatoes had no cat facing, usually a sign of uneven moisture during ripening. I'm now reaping baskets of healthy produce, and I've planted my fall garden in soft, moist, friable soil.
I have seen gardens do okay without mulch, but they take a lot of work. A mulched garden means a lot less weeding, watering, and general fussing. The soil doesn't erode, and, perhaps most important, the soil temperature and moisture levels stay consistent - just what vegetables need to stay healthy.
What to Use
Mulch materials run the gamut, although straw is great because it is clean, has less weed seeds than hay, and easy to transport. Otherwise, shredded leaves, compost, grass clippings applied lightly, or just about anything else organic you can find will work.
Keep in mind, however, that fresh rather than composted materials usually take extra fertilization to make up for lost nitrogen as the materials decompose.
Care to share your gardening thoughts, insights, triumphs, or disappointments with your fellow gardening enthusiasts? Join the lively discussions on our FaceBook page and receive free daily tips! | <urn:uuid:636ac15d-7179-4104-9d90-2075dcaac09c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://garden.org/regional/report/arch/inmygarden/445 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718866.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00003-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962608 | 477 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Water is the source of life — but when not properly managed, it can breed disease, create conflict and destroy communities. Around the world, one in nine people does not have access to the clean water they need — that's nearly 800 million people.
Mercy Corps works to increase access to safe water around the world, whether it's bringing relief during droughts or rebuilding wells in remote villages. Our large-scale water infrastructure projects in Jordan and the Democratic Republic of Congo are forging new delivery routes, reducing waste, and bringing clean water directly to 1.25 million people — and counting — who are affected by conflict in those areas.
To complement our water access programs, we also improve sanitation and help people learn proper hygiene to prevent disease; work with families and farmers to implement conservation techniques; and strengthen communities against flooding.
All stories about Water
Indonesia: Fulfilling Cot Paya village’s dreams
My recent visit to a small village named Cot Paya in Indonesia's Aceh province was my second trip here.
Zimbabwe: Big smiles abound
Water is the key to a good life in Zimbabwe. I am in southeastern Zim, near Mozambique. It is a dry area prone to drought, especially in the past 25 years — climate change perhaps? Farmers barely subsist, earning less than $2/day. Eight months ago this area was ravaged by cholera.
Indonesia: Urban fish tales
Where there is water, men will fish. But I never imagined I'd see lines cast smack dab in the middle of Jakarta, a megapolitan city of at least 8.5 million people.
Indonesia: Exploring Jakarta's hidden city
Sri Lanka: Drinking water for Sri Lanka's IDPs
We're now supplying filtered drinking water to more than 46,000 displaced people in northern Sri Lanka — and a 100-bed hospital.
A million subtle shades of gray
For the most part, black-and-white thinking doesn’t hold that true anymore for me. There’s nothing really akin to the moral absolutism of standing ground against a schoolyard bully.
Indonesia: Recycled Life
Pakistan: Questions for Holden Basch
Help families get clean water
More than 1.3 billion people around the world don't have clean water to drink. That's nearly as many people as live in China. And, when conflict and disaster force families deeper into poverty, that number keeps growing. So what can you do about it today?
Pakistan: IDP crisis worsens by the day
The news coming in is not good. Thousands of internally displaced people (IDPs) are still pouring out of parts of northern Pakistan where fighting is continuing between Taliban militants and military forces. | <urn:uuid:9f1a2420-d78a-4f28-9428-c6625166cf6e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.mercycorps.org/water?page=15&gclid=CJXb_4f-yrACFUFG3wod1XnoWw&source=79700 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00289-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941095 | 572 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Neither in breaking television news nor on the front pages of newspapers has an important cancer discovery been discussed. The media seem to be interested in everything but the recently released research results from the University of Alberta. Despite their ignorance, there is good reason to take a look at the study. It shows that Canadian researchers have probably found a cure for cancer, using one of the most basic drugs.
The drug has long been used for the treatment of metabolic disorders, and its potential for use in cancer treatment was discovered by chance. Its name is dichloroacetate. Since the drug is already in circulation, doctors may not be concerned about long-term or side effects of its cancer treatment.
Not only is the drug safe, but it’s cheap and widely accessible as well. It doesn’t require a patent, so any pharmaceutical company can develop it. This would cause the drug’s cost to decline.
Scientists at the University of Alberta tested the drug on human cells. The results were astonishing. Dichloroacetate (DCA) managed to kill lung, brain, and breast cancer cells, leaving healthy cells alone and unharmed.
The human body contains natural cancer fighting cells called mitochondria. These cells are usually inactive and, in order to trigger their fight with cancer, scientists inject DCA into the damaged area. Unlike cancer cells, mitochondria contain a self-destruct mechanism that allows them to destroy themselves once they destroy cancer cells, leaving no danger behind.
Since the method cannot be patented, pharmaceutical companies refuse to invest in DCA research, because they wouldn’t profit. Universities and independent laboratories are left to start the new fight against cancer on their own. | <urn:uuid:a23b3ddf-84b8-4dd9-b1e1-4279a4eee569> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://jaybanks.ca/vancouverrealestatenews/2011/05/26/canadian-cancer-unnoticed/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00085-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960151 | 347 | 3.375 | 3 |
Difference between revisions of "Nancy"
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|Engine developer||waltervn, strangerke|
|Companies that used it||HeR Interactive|
|Games that use it||Nancy Drew: Secrets Can Kill,|
|Date added to ScummVM||Error: Invalid time.|
|First release containing it||None|
The Nancy Drew engine is used for a variety of games from HeR Interactive involving the teenage detective Nancy Drew. | <urn:uuid:e5da2401-6111-41ff-b089-d4e2f4fe83d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wiki.scummvm.org/index.php?title=Nancy&diff=next&oldid=26968 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.74483 | 195 | 1.5 | 2 |
How does the Scholarship Scheme work?
UKESF is offering scholarships to students studying BEng and MEng degrees in electronics or electronic engineering at the UKESF partner universities. Scholarships are open to students in any year of their degree, except the final year.
Successful candidates are matched with sponsoring companies for scholarships that include:
- Annual bursaries of up to £1,500
- Paid summer work placements
- Industrial mentoring Professional development training at UKESF Summer Workshops*
- Opportunities to build relationships with potential employers
*Scholars sponsored only for the final year of a BEng or the final two years of an MEng may not be offered this by their sponsoring company.
How long are the scholarships?
The duration of the scholarships offered will vary depending on the sponsoring company. Scholarships can start from any year of your degree and will continue until you graduate. All scholarships will include at least one summer work placement.
Some companies will be offering scholarships of one year’s duration only. You must apply for these in the year before the final year of your degree programme so that you can undertake the summer work placement before your final year.
How much is the annual bursary?
Scholars studying 3-year BEng or 4-year MEng programmes will receive an annual bursary of £1,500 p.a.
Scholars studying 4-year BEng or 5-year MEng programmes* will receive an annual bursary £1,000 p.a. for the 1st and 2nd year of their degree, and £1,500 p.a. for the 3rd, 4th and final years.
Scholars studying 4-year BEng or 5-year MEng sandwich degree programmes will receive an annual bursary of £1,500 for each year of study spent in their university but not for their industrial training year.
*Currently applies to students registered at the University of Edinburgh only
How long are work placements?
Sponsoring companies will provide their scholars with at least one summer work placement for a minimum of 8 weeks. Some companies will consider additional placements and placements of longer duration including 12-month sandwich degree placements.
For further information, visit http://www.ukesf.org/scholarship-scheme | <urn:uuid:61c7dacb-8351-4a36-92b7-bba435ee337a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cs.bris.ac.uk/news/news-item.jsp?nid=177 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00053-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953272 | 482 | 1.5 | 2 |
(1952) 4 valve table radio, MW/LW/3 x SW, pre-tuned position for Danish programme
This set was typical of the larger table models that were being produced by B&O in the early 1950s. Its large and richly veneered cabinet housed a sturdily built 4 valve chassis that covered all the AM bands that were then in use for entertainment programmes. An extra key automatically selected the Danish programme without the need to adjust the tuning. Text copyright © Beocentral. Unauthorised reproduction prohibited.
Because of the diversity of mains supplies in use in Denmark at the time the power supply section had to be made particularly versatile. The set could run on 220V or 110V AC or DC, selection being made by a reversible plug on the chassis. The cabinet contained two quality loudspeakers of B&O’s own manufacture, a large “kino 120” unit, complete with a moulded Bakelite basket, for the bass and a high frequency driver matched into a wooden slot horn for the treble. These loudspeakers were driven through a two element crossover network and were complemented by elaborate tone controls in the pre-amplifier which made use of sophisticated negative feedback circuits. Text copyright © Beocentral. Unauthorised reproduction prohibited.
Unusually for a 1952 set, a connection for a Beocord tape recorder was provided. This needed a special isolation transformer to be plugged in inside before it could be used. A connection for a record player was also fitted and different types of pickup could be accommodated by exchanging a small plug-in module on the chassis. Text copyright © Beocentral. Unauthorised reproduction prohibited.
The receiver section featured a developed version of B&O’s “radio heart” coil pack, integrated with the waveband switches. A “magic eye” tuning indicator was also fitted, it was of the “dual sensitivity” type and was located beneath the flip-up glass tuning scale. The scale was printed with many station names from around the world and also included a specially prepared strip of paint on the outside onto which the owner could mark their own favourite choices. Text copyright © Beocentral. Unauthorised reproduction prohibited.
Though only suitable for AM listening, the Master 507K did include an FM pushbutton, an FM scale on the dial (calibrated correctly with the frequencies that would be used once an FM service was established in Europe) and an FM aerial socket at the back. This was to allow the set to be “converted” to FM reception at some future date but it is uncertain as to whether this was ever possible. The changes that would have to have been made inside would have been considerable and possibly costlier than another set. Text copyright © Beocentral. Unauthorised reproduction prohibited.
No price information available yet. | <urn:uuid:0f59b502-e0ce-4634-ac5c-4fc3a7f487ff> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://beocentral.com/master507k | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00335-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96537 | 595 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Whether your interests are history, native cultures, hiking, water sports, or simply relaxing in the sun, Hawaii has abundant options to keep you and your family entertained. This article will introduce you to a selection of family-friendly destinations in Hawaii. You'll also find photos and contact information included to make your planning that much easier. Here are the highlights:
Located at Oahu, Hawaii's historic Pearl Harbor, this memorial pays tribute to those who died when the Japanese bombed the harbor in 1941.
These two miles of gorgeous golden sand offer not just an opportunity to relax, but plenty of things for kids to do -- from taking a dip in the water to visiting the zoo to learning to surf.
Known for its spectacular wintertime surf, Oahu's North Shore is a world-class surfing destination, as well as home to several surfing competitions.
Explore Hawaii's history -- as well as other Pacific cultures -- in an interactive environment that includes a luau each evening.
Located on the island of Kauai, this lush, green canyon is Hawaii's answer to the Grand Canyon. Take a tour by helicopter or hiking trail.
With soft sand, calm water, and excellent snorkeling, Maui's Kapalua Beach is not only a great spot for kids, but hailed by many as one of Hawaii's finest beaches.
Hanakapi'ai Falls on the northwestern side of the island of Kauai is the picture of tropical paradise. The beautiful, 300-foot ribbon of water delicately cascades down a rugged volcanic wall, tumbling into an idyllic pool. The falls are set amidst a thick rain forest that's teeming with life, and swimming conditions are nothing short of perfect.
Check out the next page to add some American history to your family's tropical vacation with a visit to The USS Arizona Memorial.
To learn more about family vacation destinations, see:
- Family Vacations: Learn about hundreds of family vacations in destinations all over North America.
- Scenic Drives: For those who think that getting there is half the fun, we have compiled more than 100 of the most scenic drives throughout the country.
- Hawaii State Guide: Learn more about Hawaii's history, cities, and popular attractions with this travel guide. | <urn:uuid:e78c8a7b-bc93-4fd3-a42b-870809809388> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://adventure.howstuffworks.com/destinations/by-state/family-vacations-in-hawaii.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00439-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94646 | 463 | 1.710938 | 2 |
A film God is born...
27th March, 1963. A historical day for movie-lovers all over the world. Why is this such an important date?The answer is simple. On this date, a little boy was born in the town Knoxville, which is located in Tennessee. What no one knew at this time, was that the little boy would grow up to be one of the most inspiring and successful persons in the worlds leading film industry. They named the boy Quentin Jerome Tarantino, but he is known to the world only as Quentin Tarantino.
As a boy, he was interested in a lot of things, including film and martial arts. When he was in junior high school, he used to skip many schooldays in order to see Asian kung-fu movies. These two passions would soon blend together and become the fundament of his enormous success……
His major breakthrough came in 1991 when he entered the Sundance film festival, presenting his very first movie; “Reservoir Dogs”. He had both written and directed the movie himself, despite the fact that he was a first timer within the movie industry.
The film garnered critical acclaim and the director became a legend in the England, UK and the cult film circuit. Three years after the gigantic success with Reservoir Dogs, he followed it up by making a new movie called “Pulp Fiction”. Anyone who is fairly interested in film would know this movie very well. The film is also considered to be a true classic. Actually, it is rated the 17th best movie ever made.
Pulp Fiction had its Premiere at the Cannes film festival, where it won the main prize; “Palme D’Or’”. This prize was the virtual equal of the “Best Picture” prize at the Academy Awards; a prize filled of prestige and glory.
At the ’93 Academy Awards, it was nominated for the Best Picture Oscar, in addition Best Director and Best Original Screenplay, among others. They only won the award for Best Original Screenplay.
In 1995, Quentin directed was involved in the direction of Four Rooms, a middle famous Anthology. He only directed one fourth of the movie, since it consists of four different novels. Even though the movie did not get very good reviews, Tarantino’s part is considered to be the best one. The directors of the other three parts were Alexandre Rockwell, Allison Anders and Robert Rodriguez. The film hit the theaters on December 25th, 1995.
From Dusk Till Dawn
The next project Quentin was involved in, was a movie named “From Dusk Till Dawn”. It is a vampire/crime based story, which Tarantino wrote himself. Not only did he do that, he co-starred for the main role together with George Clooney. The movie did fairly well theatrically.
Later there has been made two sequels to this movie. “From Dusk Till Dawn 2: Texas Blood Money”, and “From Dusk Till Dawn 3: The Hangman’s Daughter”. Both of these movies have been totally butchered in all reviews, reports and commentaries. I believe it has received nothing but bad criticism. But fortunately for Quentin, he was not the one producing, directing or even starring in these movies. That would really have destroyed much in his so far impressive career within the movie business.
Almost every person within the music, film and literature industries has their own trademarks; things so that you can recognize their work etc. Mr. Quentin Tarantino is no exception. Actually, he has quite a lot of recognizable things in his movies, and here are some of them.
In his movies, the main character is always driving cars from Chevrolet or Cadillac. He also uses lots of effects; he is for example know to frame characters with doorways, and seeing people opening and closing doors, is very common. Much of the violence and minor character dialogue appears to be off-screen very often in his movies.
Suitcases: He probably has some kind of weird relationship with suitcases, because they seem to be the main point in most of his movies…
He often makes references to cult movies and television. Another special thing, which probably is not only a coincidence, is the fact that he frequently works with the man Harvey Keitel. He has the main role in a couple of Tarantino’s movies, and they also work a lot together on the set. They appear to be good friends.
In the original scripts of his movies, the main character usually dies. He re-uses many names in different movies, for example “Vincent”, “Dimmick” and “Marvin”.
He usually has a shot from inside a car trunk, looking up at whomever it is opening it. Some other things is that he frequently casts Tim Roth, and for some twisted reason there seems to always be a Dutch element in his films. This part is interesting: He ALWAYS uses “The Mexican Standoff”. This means that there is always a scene where three or more characters are pointing guns at each other.
Often uses an unconventional storytelling device in his films, such as retrospect (Reservoir Dogs), non-linear (Pulp Fiction), or "chapter" format (Kill Bill).
His films will often include one long, unbroken take where a character is followed around somewhere.
Often casts comedians in small roles: Stephen Wright as the DJ in Reservoir Dogs, Kathy Griffin as an accident witness and Julia Sweeney as the junkyard guy's daughter in Pulp Fiction, Chris Tucker as Beaumont in Jackie Brown. Long close-up of a person's face while someone else speaks off-screen.
Aliases. Tarantino uses aliases in nearly all of his movies: Honey Bunny and Pumpkin from Pulp Fiction, Mr White, Blonde, Orange etc. from Reservoir Dogs. Bill's team in Kill Bill (Black Mamba, Copperhead, Cottonmouth, and California Mountain Snake).
So the next time you see a movie and wonder if it’s a Tarantino masterpiece, just look for these signs and you’ll find out pretty quick.
As I said before, every single one of Tarantino’s movies are packed full of violence and brutal actions. This is only my own speculations, but I think he tries to learn from the martial arts scenes in his movies. One thing which definitely is more than a speculation, is the fact that he has used violence numerous times before. In November 1997, he was sued by a man named Don Murphy. Murphy craved 5.000.000 $ after Tarantino slammed his face into a restaurant wall and punched him repeatedly. Quentin became accused of assault, but he was never convicted. Besides this, he has used minor violence a lot of times throughout the history, but nothing so serious that it is worth mentioning.
Quentin Tarantino has not only made a fortune from directing, producing, acting and writing manuscripts (things that has to do with film), but has also had a remarkable success within the music industry. Together with his good friend Lawrence Bender, he founded a record company called “A Band Apart Records”. They especially focused on movie soundtracks and without this company, movie soundtracks would probably be heard only in the theatres and not on CD’s. Maverick Records distributed the movie soundtracks. This company is owned by the famous singer/actor named Madonna. She is probably best known from the successful movie release; “Evita”.
Trivia (quoted from IMDB.com)
He was planning to direct an episode of The X-Files in November 1996, but refused to join the Director's guild of America. The guild refused his request for a waiver so that he could direct the show.
Claims that Tarantino acted in the film Dawn of the Dead (1978) or the film King Lear (1987) are incorrect. Quentin falsely listed these credits years ago on his acting resume to compensate for his lack of experience and these incorrect credits have subsequently been attributed to him in such places as Leonard Maltin's Movie and Video Guide and the Cinemania CD ROM.
His first noted screenplay was titled "Captain Peachfuzz and the Anchovy Bandit" which was written in 1985
Tarantino claims that James Best taught him how to act.
In all of his original screenplays the name of a police detective named Scagnetti is referred to at least once. Most of the times the particular scene was cut out of the final versions.
Director Spike Lee criticized Tarantino for the excessive use of racial slurs in his film Jackie Brown (1997). Quentin said Spike was just mad because "nobody goes to see Spike's films anymore". When Quentin said this in 1998, Spike's movie He Got Game (1998) was currently number one at the box office in the USA.
He’s widely reported to have helped to write Tony Scott's Crimson Tide (1995).
He is a big 'Three Stooges' fan.
His father Tony Tarantino (actor and musician) is of Italian descent and his mother Connie McHugh is half-Irish and half-Cherokee Indian.
Although he uses both elements in his films, QT strongly detests violence and drugs.
He is listed in the acknowledgments of actor Ethan Hawke's novel, Ash Wednesday.
Last week he was the head judge at the 2004 Cannes Film festival, where his own movie; Pulp Fiction (1994) won the Palme D'or, the top honor.
In just about all his movies you'll spot "Red Apple" cigarettes.
Considers Ride in the Whirlwind (1965) one of the finest Westerns ever made, even writing an extensive article about it in Sight And Sound Magazine, titled 'A Rare Sorrow'. The article is featured in the Pulp Fiction (1994) Special Edition DVD as an extra and also appears in Paul A. Woods' Film Geek Files (pgs. 129-132). Interestingly, the director of Ride in the Whirlwind, Monte Hellman, was the executive producer of Reservoir Dogs (1992).
Has an IQ measured at 160, despite dropping out of high school.
He is a good friend of Robert Rodriquez.
He has called Uma Thurman his 'muse'.
He has been named after the 'Burt Reynolds' character Quint Asper from "Gunsmoke" (1955). Most of his friends often call him QT, and in some movies he is only credited as “Q”. | <urn:uuid:05fbfc43-7955-4ff9-9318-b2fc9b94ed90> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.daria.no/skole/?tekst=5289 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.979375 | 2,213 | 1.820313 | 2 |
NEUJOBS Workshop: Welfare, Labour Market and Education: How to address the Socio-ecological Transition in Italy?
Italy is facing major challenges in the Euro crisis, given its high unemployment figures, and especially in view of the situation for the young, women and other disadvantaged groups in the labour market, and the challenges they face.
This workshop represents the first NEUJOBS event involving national stakeholders. It is an opportunity for European scholars and national (and European) stakeholders to meet and debate key issues for tackling the labour market transition. Leading scholars from NEUJOBS (FP7 Project) will explain their understanding of present and future challenges to European labour markets, focusing specifically on the case of Italy. Special focus will be placed on two key themes: the role of women in the labour market (and the work/life balance to meet women’s changing demands); the role of young people and their problems in the labour market (with reference to skills formation and education and training to solve their problems).
The workshop will consist of two sessions: the morning one will provide information on the most recent research provided by NEUJOBS; in the afternoon, EU and Italian stakeholders (social partners, analysts and policymakers) will interact to contextualise the Italian labour
market amidst the broad European trends, and to devise strategies for more effective labour, social and education policies. This conference is kindly hosted by and organised in cooperation with LUISS University.
Register online by 20 April 2012: http://www.ose.be/conference040512/
The number of seats is limited, if you are interested in participating, please register as soon as possible.
Transport and accommodation costs are not covered by the organisers.
Interpretation: English and Italian
European Social Observatory, rue Paul Emile Janson 13 – 1050 Brussels
Phone: +322/537 19 71
Françoise Verri: email@example.com | <urn:uuid:853dc197-2604-49ed-b07e-e8391b183e3d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cps.ceu.edu/events/2012-05-04/neujobs-workshop-welfare-labour-market-and-education-how-address-socio-ecological | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.921066 | 399 | 1.648438 | 2 |
This course is designed to get you familiar with Rescue Boat systems and to increase your overall understanding of it. The aim of this course is to guide you through all the necessary checks and inspections you need to do on the several components on Rescue Boat systems in order to have a well maintained and ready for use system on board.
The course is conducted as e-learning.
Upon completion of the course, the participant will know which are the necessary inspections he has to perform, during maintenance on the various components of the system, such as the Rescue boat, its Launching appliance and the Release mechanism. In combination with the manufacturer’s manuals on board the vessel, you will be able to perform weekly and monthly maintenance in a safe way in order to keep the system safe and ready for use during drills or in actual emergencies.
All crew members with maintenance duties on Rescue Boat systems.
This e learning can be taken in the seafarer’s own pace.
Recommended every three years
Access for 3 months | <urn:uuid:8f15570d-c947-4f69-ada3-f0c6928701ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://viking-safetyacademy.com/offering/60af465c8360230198ba675d | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.930738 | 266 | 1.8125 | 2 |
❉ The sounds which inspired the British 60’s counter cultural movement.
El Records has always been about eclecticism and this new compilation, Underground London, fits rather perfectly into that. It is an interesting mix of the words and music which helped shape the counter culture movement of the late 60’s. The 3CD set includes works from the Beat Poets, pioneers of electronic music, pieces of avant-garde classical music, a broad range of pioneering modern and free jazz, with an of Indian raga and a slice of acoustic blues thrown in for good measure. This is an illustration of the kind of sounds which inspired those who created and shaped the art and music of the late 60’s.
One thing to consider is that this was a time when there wasn’t a lot of musical choice available to the British public. Radio didn’t represent even the broad spectrum of pop music of the time, let alone devote itself to music from the margins. Unlike today where an artist can put out a piece of music which is accessible to anyone across the globe with the right access, these were times when the kinds of music outside the mainstream would be shared by individuals with their friends. It might not even be easy, or cheap, to acquire and few people would have the means to copy the music. Consequently reaching its audience could take months and years to achieve its full impact. The track listing reflects this with the tracks mostly ranging from the late 50’s through to the early 60’s.
This is one of those occasions where reading the book of notes that accompanies the set makes the whole experience of the music far more understandable. The opening essay includes quotes from some of those who influenced the whole British counter cultural scene. It points out the genesis of these being the CND movement, the poetry journal Tree (which presented the work of the Beat Poets for the first time in the UK), and the importance of Art Schools as both a democratising force and a different space in which a broad spectrum of people came together avoiding the more traditional avenues of either work or the more rigid world of university academia. This would eventually blossom into the scene which produced publications such as The International Times music events such as the UFO club and the 14 Hour Technicolour Dream which ultimately birthed the summer of love.
The discs themselves mix the styles up throughout each taking you on a journey through the sheer variety or ideas and expressions those looking for inspiration, much of it from America, where the worlds of San Fransisco’s City Lights Bookshop and the jazz clubs of New York offered far more excitement than post-war Britain.
The majority of the tracks are jazz records but some of the most ear grabbing tracks are those from the other genres represented. The poetry and spoken word focuses on some of the leading lights of the Beat Generation. Ginsberg’s reading of America does, as with a lot of his work, come to life in his reading. Like much of his work his performance add something extra to the words when heard as opposed to merely reading them on the page. Lawrence Ferlinghetti’s Dog is equally illuminated whereas the Jack Kerouac readings are backed by musical accompaniments which give his prose additional swing, illustrating the innate rhythms in his writing.
The classical and electronic pieces provide a similar kind of punctuation to the jazz. Daphne Oram’s The Ocean is typical of her strange electronic world whilst György Ligeti’s Atmospheres will be familiar to anyone whose seen 2001: A Space Odyssey, although shorn of its visuals its innate strangeness is more apparent. Other pieces from the leading lights of the avant-garde in John Cage and Stockhausen, provide similar strange counterpoints.
There are many of the usual suspects from the jazz scene one would expect to find here. Tracks from Ornette Coleman, Thelonius Monk, Miles Davis, Charlie Mingus, and John Coltrane are all present and familiar. Yet the most interesting pieces are from the slightly lesser lights – the kind many a more casual listener may not be so familiar with. Their approach and the moods vary considerably from Eric Dolphy’s Left Alone featuring some lovely flute figures, Jimmy Giuffre’s take on Carla Bley’s Jesus Morning sounds like it could easily have been recorded decades later for European label ECM and not 1960’s New York – its placing alongside Ravi Shankar’s gorgeous 28 minute North Indian Raga Jog on disc 2 only succeeding in bringing out the relaxing moods further. Chico Hamilton’s take on Miles Davis’ A Rose For Booker disc 3 is another of the more gentle joys found here.
Yet it’s some of the more out there pieces which grab attention. The choice of Cecil Taylor’s take on the standard Love For Sale, recorded in 1959, indicates the directions he would later take his playing. In what should be familiar territory Taylor takes his soloing off somewhere else completely. His accompanists continue within the strictures of the piece whilst Taylor seems to orbit somewhere above or around them. Yet this is nothing compared to Albert Ayler’s take on one of the classics in the Blue Note Records canon, Moanin’. Taken from a performance in Stockholm, it begins with the familiar melody before Ayler takes off. Like John Coltrane, Ayler didn’t so much use his saxophone as just a musical instrument but as an expression of himself. Whereas his later work can sound like a full on aural assault hearing it breaking out from a structured tune makes it feel almost more remarkable. For those familiar with his work, it slowly morphs into the familiar “sheets of sound” but it’s the journey he takes the listener on, writhing further and further away from the melody which makes it so arresting. The somewhat crazed reaction from the audience throughout, indicating the sounds of minds literally blown.
After the initial introduction, the notes on the individuals who made each of the pieces help contextualise the music contained here. When I saw the inclusion of Miles Davis’ Flamenco Sketches from Kind Of Blue – the album even people who don’t really care for jazz might include in a tasteful record collection – it felt like something more worthwhile was probably sacrificed in the name of something familiar. Reading the notes, it felt very justified in its conclusion.
London Underground is a varied look at the many styles and sounds which helped give birth to the words and music of the British 60’s counter cultural movement. You can see it as a peek into the collections of the people who created this but it also serves as a pocket guide to the other worlds of words and music which operate outside what is considered the mainstream. This is the stuff which opened minds and ears and the fact that, over 50 years on, some pieces still sound challenging is a tribute to their creators. If you’re prepared to take the trip, this is a very interesting ride.
❉ ‘Underground London – The Art Music and Free Jazz that Inspired a Cultural Revolution’ (ACME353CDT) is out now from El Records, part of the Cherry Red Group. RRP £12.99. Order directly from Cherry Red Records HERE.
❉ Peter Robinson is a regular contributor to We Are Cult. | <urn:uuid:33a17eae-1a23-4c14-8b73-3bc25687c221> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wearecult.rocks/in-sounds-from-way-out-underground-london-reviewed | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.95625 | 1,528 | 1.9375 | 2 |
The Fielding Garr Ranch - Antelope Island State Park
Information Courtesy Of Utah State Parks - Back to Utah Historical Sites
The Garr Ranch is located at Garr Springs, one of the strongest and most consistent of the 40 springs on Antelope Island. Both indigenous people and wildlife used this water source long before Fielding Garr built the ranch. Even today, bison and deer can by seen at the springs. Archaeological findings have shown that there has been human activity at the springs for at least 1,000 years.
The first permanent structure at this site was a small log cabin built in 1848 by Fielding Garr. Garr had been assigned by the Mormon Church to establish a ranch on the island as a stronghold for managing the church tithing herds. Within two years, Garr had expanded the ranch compound to include the adobe ranch house and stone corrals. The ranch was continually inhabited from that time until 1981.
The Mormon Church operated the ranch until the mid-1870s. During the era, ranching operations encompassed the entire island. The church herds supported the Perpetual Emigration Fund, which assisted Mormon Church members from Europe in making the trek across the Great Plains. In 1869, the railroad came to Utah, and with it came the first federal surveys of the land. Because the only improvements on the island were around the ranch itself, the Federal Government opened the rest of the island to homesteading. By the turn of the century, most of the homesteaders had failed to prove their claims. John Dooly Sr., and enterprising businessman and rancher, purchased the entire island at a price of one million dollars, and it became the home of his Island Improvement Company. Under Dooly's management, twelve bison were introduced to the island at a time when the bison population in North America numbered less than 1,000 head. While some philanthropists may have been working to prevent the extinction of the species, we think John Dooly was working to profit by raising the rare species for commercial hunting opportunity.
The ranching operation continued uninterrupted through several owners. Just after the turn of the century, the focus of the ranch turned to sheep. Under the direction of John Dooly Jr., the sheep operation expanded to more than 10,000 sheep to become one of the largest and most industrialized ranching efforts in the western United States. When sheep ranching became unprofitable in the 1950s due to failing wool market, the operation turned again to cattle. The island ranch continued to function as part of the largest commercial cattle operations in the state until the island became a state park in 1981.
When you visit the ranch, watch for evidence of these many changes over the 150 years of history. Bring a lunch and stay a while and explore the old buildings and enjoy the beautiful park the sits to the south of the ranch. | <urn:uuid:8e7239e5-121d-4730-93dc-239dbd1ce9f0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.utahoutdooractivities.com/fieldingranch.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00454-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970734 | 579 | 3.375 | 3 |
To mark Pharmacy Technician Day, we look at how McKesson UK is helping to champion the role of technicians and support trainees through their initial qualification.
Pharmacy Technician Day is all about celebrating the difference that technicians make to patients and their pharmacy team colleagues, day in and day out.
So, what is a pharmacy technician?
Pharmacy technicians are licensed, skilled and essential healthcare professionals who prepare, dispense, and supply medicines to patients. They play a key role across LloydsPharmacy and McKesson, so we spoke to four of our colleagues to find out what the profession means to them.
Steve Howard, our clinical standards director and superintendent pharmacist, began his career as a clinical pharmacist in hospitals and has always been an advocate of the role pharmacy technicians play within the wider pharmacy team. Steve commented:
“The role of pharmacy technicians is of ever-increasing in importance. They have always been central within hospital services due to supply and demand issues. However, their role is starting to be recognised more within community pharmacy. This is particularly important at a time when pharmacies are taking on a greater workload from overstretched GP surgeries. Technicians are key to freeing up more time for the pharmacist to spend with patients.”
Andrew Morris, head of AAH hospital services, is an honorary member of The Association of Pharmacy Technicians UK (APTUK). He says:
“Pharmacy technicians are fundamental to the success our business for several reasons. They have a deep insight into pharmacy operations and practices and have high levels of attention to detail and process. But most importantly they have an ability to think laterally and apply skills and knowledge to better support patients and improve healthcare. For us, as a business, that’s hugely powerful. There is a level of dedication and detail that is inherent within pharmacy technicians that is highly important but often left unrecognised or unnoticed”.
Yvonne Blackborow, our education and training technician originally trained as a pharmacy technician at Birmingham Children’s Hospital and worked at Birmingham’s Heartlands Hospital for nearly 19 years. Since then she has been working as a Pharmacy Assessor in further education colleges. She commented:
“I’ve been in this profession for over 25 years and I absolutely love it. As a technician there are so many things you can get involved in and I’m fortunate to have done some really exciting roles. This is such an exciting time for pharmacy technicians. All of the recent changes in the pharmacy industry mean that we can step up to support pharmacists even more and free up their time to interact with patients and deliver more services.”
Megan Aimes is training to become a technician through LloydsPharmacy. She told us how her training is going:
“So far, my journey on the technician course has been really interesting. It has been stretching my personal development and growth as a professional. This has been a very rewarding experience and I know along the way I will continue to gain more of the knowledge and transferable skills I need to be the best technician I can be. I’m passionate about being able to deliver truly patient-centred care. This for me is a priority.” | <urn:uuid:8a108c3f-1fa8-40bc-881e-14bef33833ce> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mckesson.uk/championing-the-role-of-pharmacy-technicians/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.968192 | 672 | 2.296875 | 2 |
As eLearning designers, your goal is (hopefully) to make the learning experience engaging.
(Realistically, sometimes all you can do is build the sucker in order to meet some crazy deadline.)
It's easy to equate engaging with fun.
(Fun is a funny word.)
So then it's really easy to think that the best way to make a course more engaging is to make it fun.
And the best way to make it fun is to make it a game. Right?
Clark Quinn in Learning Predictions for 2009:
I continue to see interest in games, and naturally I’m excited. There is still a sadly-persistent view that it’s about making it ‘fun’ (e.g. tarted up drill and kill), while the real issue is attaching the features that drive games (challenge, contextualization, focus on important decisions) and lead to better learning. Still, the awareness is growing, and that’s a good thing.Mark Oehlert likes to remind me about flow: being immersed in an experience with a sense of full involvement and energetic focus. Which is a much better way to think of engaging.
Go for flow, not fun.
(Of course, sometimes they coincide.)
(Now go have some fun with this Flow Game).
What are you doing to create a more engaging experience? How do you help your learners get into a state of flow?
Photo/Video Credit: Amusement Park -- a Long Photo by respres | <urn:uuid:8a002f0e-6dfb-4e0c-83a9-b96382cdea91> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cammybean.kineo.com/2008/12/on-games-and-elearning.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00063-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950221 | 317 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Molecular oxygen (O-2) is a key player in cell mitochondrial function, redox balance and oxidative stress, normal tissue function and many common disease states. Various chemical, physical and biological methods have been proposed for measurement, real-time monitoring and imaging of O-2 concentration, state of decreased O-2 (hypoxia) and related parameters in cells and tissue. Here, we review the established and emerging optical microscopy techniques allowing to visualize O-2 levels in cells and tissue samples, mostly under in vitro and ex vivo, but also under in vivo settings. Particular examples include fluorescent hypoxia stains, fluorescent protein reporter systems, phosphorescent probes and nanosensors of different types. These techniques allow high-resolution mapping of O-2 gradients in live or post-mortem tissue, in 2D or 3D, qualitatively or quantitatively. They enable control and monitoring of oxygenation conditions and their correlation with other biomarkers of cell and tissue function. Comparison of these techniques and corresponding imaging setups, their analytical capabilities and typical applications are given. | <urn:uuid:71fe2073-7765-4721-8ad7-4e40ff789730> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iris.ucc.ie/live/!W_VA_PUBLICATION.POPUP?LAYOUT=N&OBJECT_ID=446094672 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.917274 | 219 | 2.375 | 2 |
Take a look at our picks for the best indica strains!
Although these are the same species of plant, they have quite a few differences. Physically, Indica plants tend to be short and bushy, while Sativa’s grow long and thin.
The differences aren’t limited to their physical appearance. The two can vary quite a bit in their effects when consumed. Generally speaking, marijuana from Indica plants produces a stronger “body-high” with more somatic effects, while Sativa plants have a “heady” or “cerebral” high with more pronounced mental effects.
These are fairly general definitions. There actually can be a strong overlap between the effects of Indica and Sativa plants. But as a rule of thumb, Indica plants are more relaxing and produce more pronounced effects on the body, whereas Sativa plants can be stimulating and get the gears turning in your mind.
Because Indica and Sativa are varieties of the Cannabis plant and not distinct species on their own, they can freely interbreed. As a result, some of the most sought after marijuana strains are a blend of Indica and Sativa genetics. The ten strains we’ve selected in this article are what are known as Indica dominant strains, meaning that they contain a majority of Indica genetics, but also have some Sativa genetics and properties as well.
With that in mind, let’s take a look at ten strains we’ve selected as the finest examples Indica has to offer.
1. Super Skunk (80% Indica, 20% Sativa)
Super Skunk is a strain known for its powerful body high, its unforgettable (and irresistable) “skunk” aroma, and high yield when grown both indoors and out. Regularly producing flowers with a THC content of 20% or higher, this is a strain to be reckoned with.
Being a heavily Indica dominant strain, Super Skunk’s effects are characteristically Indica. It produces a whole-body relaxation which is ideal for relieving aches and pains, fighting nausea, and reducing stress — or just creating an enjoyable body high.
However, the touch of Sativa also shines through, producing an uplifting mental high which can keep you focused and alert even as the powerful Indica dominance creates an undeniable relaxation.
Super Skunk is a favorite among both veteran growers and first time hobbyists. It can be grown in most climates, offers a high resistance to disease, and successful crops are very rewarding with high yields. Indoors, Super Skunk can yield up to 18 ounces per square meter, while outdoor plants can produce a whopping 21 ounces per plant.
Up to 21 ounces per plant outdoors.
18 ounces per square meter indoors .
2. Girl Scout Cookies (Extreme) (80% Indica, 20% Sativa)
Another 80/20 favorite, Girl Scout Cookies has carved out a niche for itself as one of the most famous Indica strains in recent years. Well known for its sweet taste which bears a striking resemblance to its namesake, Girl Scout Cookies is a true delight for the senses.
But this wonderful strain isn’t just a sweet taste and a pleasant aroma. Packed with up to 21% THC, it can produce a distinct and powerful high. The high is characterized by a deep relaxation, an uplifting euphoria, and an all encompassing body high which relaxes every muscle and calms every nerve, ideal for fighting pain.
Despite this distinctive body high, Girl Scout Cookies doesn’t produce much drowsiness or mental fog. Instead, it offers a delightful combination of Indica relaxation and Sativa stimulation, making it an ideal strain for flexing your creative muscles or stimulating engaging conversations.
Growing Girl Scout Cookies plants isn’t too difficult, although they definitely prefer warmer Mediterranean-esque climates. They have a high resistance to parasites and disease, and can have very substantial yields: up to 21 ounces per plant outdoors, or 21 ounces per square meter indoors.
Up to 21 ounces per plant outdoors.
21 ounces per square meter indoors .
3. Grandaddy Purple (100% Indica)
These beautiful plants are true 100% Indica genetics. Known for its distinctive appearance characterized by gorgeous rich purple flowers, Grandaddy Purple is almost as exciting to look at as it is to smoke.
Almost. The whopping THC content — up to 23% — makes this a powerful strain to puff on! As a pure Indica, this strain gives everything you’d expect from good ole Indica genetics. It produces a deep body high with a strong buzz, and a complete mental and physical reaction. However, it stops short of the “couch-lock” effect, giving you something which is quite powerful but also enables you to enjoy the high without taking yourself out of commission.
The taste and aroma of Grandaddy Purple complements its appearance perfectly. You’ll find an aroma and flavor rich with the sweetness of grapes and subtly decorated with hints of an earthy pine forest.
Grandaddy Purple is suitable for beginners, although it can be somewhat sensitive to environmental conditions like humidity and temperature. Although best suited for growing outdoors, it can also respond well to the right indoor setup. Outdoor plants can yield up to 14-17 ounces of bud per plant.
Up to 14-17 ounces per plant outdoors.
4. Northern Lights (90% Indica, 10% Sativa)
Northern Lights has become a favorite strain among growers and users alike. It has a uniquely sweet aroma rounded off with a hint of spiciness which translates perfectly when smoked. With gorgeous multi-colored buds dusted with an irresistible snow of trichomes, there is a lot to like from Northern Lights at first glance.
Coming in at up to 18% THC, the high from these flowers can be quite the ride. With its strong Indica characteristics, Northern Lights produces a powerful body high. It is extremely relaxing — a lazy strain which could put you to sleep or make you delightfully couch locked if you smoke enough.
Regarded as dead-simple to grow, this strain prefers warm, sunny climates. The plants thrive on as much light as they can get, and respond well both indoors and out. Outdoor plants can yield up to 22 ounces per plant, while indoor grows can reach yields of up to 18 ounces per square meter.
Up to 22 ounces per plant outdoors.
Up to 18 ounces per square meter indoors .
5. Skywalker OG (80% Indica, 20% Sativa)
Skywalker OG is a distinctly beautiful, powerful, and unique strain. It features gorgeous buds with hints of blue and purple mixed with a deep green. The smell and taste recall the rich earthy tones found in the depths of an old-growth forest, rich with loam and pine.
This is not a strain to take lightly! It can contain up to 26% THC, a truly massive dose for any user! It produces a powerful full-body high with hints of a Sativa-esque mental stimulation, giving you just enough of a head high to keep you going as the powerful waves of relaxing euphoria wash over every cell in your body.
Growing Skywalker OG requires a bit of care and know-how, so it may not be best for complete beginners. These plants are hungry for space and sunlight, making them ill suited for indoor growing. Outdoors is best, but these plants prefer a dry climate with minimal humidity, as they can be prone to mildew.
Up to 14-17 ounces per square meter.
6. Afghan (100% Indica)
Afghan is one of the most distinctive and original pure Indica strains in the world. It is renowned for being densely packed with sticky resins and is the strain responsible for producing the famous Afghani hash.
Producing a powerful full body relaxation, this plant is truly an Indica in genetics and effects. With up to 20% THC, it can pack quite a punch, but isn’t quite as sedating as some Indicas, instead producing a pleasant relaxation which doesn’t make you too drowsy.
Afghan is extremely easy to grow. With genes derived from hardy wild plants, it can thrive in just about any environment and adapts well to changing conditions. It does extremely well outdoors, requiring minimal tending. Yields are moderate, up to 14 ounces per square meter for indoor grows.
Up to 14 ounces per square meter indoors.
7. Blackberry Kush (80% Indica, 20% Sativa)
For most people who encounter Blackberry Kush, it’s love at first sight. Blackberry Kush plants are almost entirely a deep purple color, from the leaves to the buds themselves. What’s more, they offer a rich, sweet aroma of berries and fresh earth, which can be detected both in the flower’s fragrance and in the smoke.
Offering up to 20% THC, Blackberry Kush produces a distinctly relaxing Indica high slightly offset with a bit of Sativa cerebral stimulation and euphoria.
Growing Blackberry Kush can be demanding and is not well suited for beginners. It is best grown indoors, as it can be prone to parasites and doesn’t respond well to poor weather. The plants require some pruning and need to be fed lots of nutrients to reach their full potential. Yields are moderate, up to 14 ounces per square meter for indoor grows.
Up to 14 ounces per square meter indoors.
8. Blueberry (80% Indica, 20% Sativa)
Blueberry is a true classic. Known for its enticingly sweet and fruity aroma, this is a great everyday smoker with a moderate THC content reaching up to 16% and a high CBD content. The flowers tend to be speckled with an elegant purple coloration complementing the rich green body.
A typical Blueberry high includes an uplifting euphoria and exciting mental stimulation with an underlying Indica body high that calms nerves and muscles, soothes aches and pains, and puts you in a great mood.
Growing Blueberry can be a bit tricky and is best reserved for intermediate and expert growers. It needs a spacious outdoor setup in a warm, sunny climate. However, those who manage to pull off a good crop of Blueberry will be rewarded by its high yield, which can be as high as 25 ounces per plant.
Up to 25 ounces per plant.
9. Cherry Pie (80% Indica, 20% Sativa)
Cherry Pie introduces itself with a delicious fragrance reminiscent of a freshly baked pie. This sweetness carries into its delicious flavor when smoked. With a high THC content of up to 23%, Cherry Pie displays many typical Indica characteristics but also offers a uniquely cerebral high which produces a pleasant mental stimulation to somewhat offset its relaxing body high.
Growing Cherry Pie can be somewhat challenging. It responds well to both indoor and outdoor environments, but requires regular pruning and is highly susceptible to hermaphroditism and self-pollination, requiring a lot of attention and care to avoid getting seeded plants.
It offers a moderate to low yield, with outdoor plants producing up to 14 ounces per plant and indoor grows producing up to 16 ounces per square meter.
Up to 14 ounces per plant outdoors.
Up to 16 ounces per square meter indoors.
10. Blue Cheese (80% Indica, 20% Sativa)
These gorgeous plants produce striking blue flowers with up to 19% THC and a relatively high 2% CBD content. Just as intriguing as the beautiful blue flowers is the unique, creamy aroma which combines a sweet fruity fragrance with a deep savory smell to create an unusual and unforgettable smell and taste which will keep you coming back.
Blue Cheese offers a well-balanced high which complements the Indica body buzz with an uplifting mental euphoria which brings waves of mental stimulation. It’s a long lasting high which can be appreciated by fans of Indica and Sativa alike.
Cultivating Blue Cheese is pretty easy. It offers strong natural resistance to parasites and disease, making it well suited for both indoor and outdoor environments. It prefers cooler climates, but can also thrive in warm weather.
Yields are fairly low, with indoor grows typically yielding about 5 ounces per plant and outdoor grows reaching up to 8 ounces per plant.
Up to 8 ounces per plant outdoors.
About 5 ounces per plant indoors.
Grow the best strains on your own! Check out my free Grow Bible
What’s Your Favorite Indica?
Did we forget to highlight your favorite Indica strain in this list?
Drop us a line and let us know which Indica tops your list and what you love about it most! | <urn:uuid:736833de-c2f0-49e1-b423-471c74e87b27> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.marijuanadrugfacts.com/marijuana/best-indica-strains-our-top-ten-picks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.922573 | 2,647 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Every quitter has their own “why,” their own dream or goal that makes quitting worth the challenge. Nicorette® can help give you what you need to succeed - products, support, and a community committed to helping you quit.
Nicotine gum is chewing gum specially formulated with nicotine to help you kick your smoking habit one craving at a time. It’s a form of nicotine replacement that’s available in 2 mg and 4 mg for effective craving relief. A prescription is not required for nicotine gum.
Nicotine gum is an ideal stop smoking aid if you:
Want a portable method of nicotine replacement
Would like to control your intake of nicotine
Prefer to give your mouth the relief of chewing
As stated in the directions, you can enjoy an extra piece of gum within the hour for sudden cravings
If you smoke your first cigarette within 30 minutes after waking up, use 4-mg Nicorette® Gum.
If you smoke your first cigarette more than 30 minutes after waking up, use 2-mg Nicorette® Gum.
To improve your chances of success, chew at least 9 pieces of gum for the first 6 weeks and complete the 12-week program. Do not use more than 24 pieces of gum per day.
While using Nicorette® Gum, be sure to follow the “chew and park” instructions included on the label.
When used as directed, Nicorette gums effectively help relieve your cravings and reach your goal to quit smoking. Read on to learn the hows and whys of this proven-effective method.
How does Nicorette work to relieve cravings?
Nicorette helps provide effective relief for cravings associated with quitting smoking by delivering a controlled amount of nicotine to your system. This therapeutic nicotine is delivered slowly, in small amounts, to help soothe your nicotine cravings. As you use the Nicorette program as directed, your body gradually adjusts to getting less nicotine over time, until you no longer need any at all. By helping to relieve nicotine cravings, Nicorette lets you focus on your quit journey by managing the triggers that link cigarettes to so many of your daily activities.
To increase your success in quitting:
1. You must be motivated to quit. 2. Use enough - chew at least 9 pieces of Nicorette gum per day during the first six weeks. 3. Use long enough - use Nicorette gum for the full 12 weeks. 4. Use with a support program.
NRTs are over-the-counter (OTC) products that can help reduce your cravings and withdrawal symptoms while you adjust to life as a nonsmoker. They work by delivering lower levels of therapeutic nicotine without the 7,000 chemicals found in tobacco smoke.
People who use NRT to help quit smoking can double their chances of success versus placebo
Millions of smokers around the world have used NRT products to help them in their quit attempt*
NRT products (patch and gum) have even been included on the World Health Organization’s list of essential medicines | <urn:uuid:4bbf8f5e-56d0-4e6f-b436-88d19bf0ec28> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://content.webcollage.net/apps/cs/mini-site/costco/module/gsknrt/wcpc/1285861988213?channel-product-id=11006159&enable-reporting=true&report-once=retailer-direct-product-button-click&showtabs=&suppress-site-prefs=&wc-target=&from-pp= | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00218-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934445 | 639 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Right now, Americans are facing growing dangers at home and abroad because Islamist extremists have been given the space to plan, inspire and carry out terror attacks.
Deaths are mounting. Many of us are still struggling with pain and shock from the December terror rampage in San Bernardino that killed 14 – including a mother of six and a father of three.
Recent attacks in Belgium, Pakistan and Ivory Coast have further demonstrated the reach – and sheer brutality – of these terrorists. Innocent men, women and children have been murdered at airports, subway stations and public beaches. Christians were targeted on Easter Sunday in a neighborhood park in Lahore, Pakistan, specifically because of their faith. The depravity of ISIS and other terror groups knows no limits.
And the sad truth is that the U.S. still isn’t doing enough about it. While President Obama now says defeating ISIS is his top priority – two years after dismissing it as “the JV team” – the White House’s policies remain weak and ineffectual.
Take Iraq and Syria, for example. For years, the administration refused calls to use air power to take out ISIS convoys when they were moving across the open desert. Today, ISIS is embedded, and the U.S. is carrying out an average of just 23 airstrikes per day – a fraction of what a serious air campaign looks like.
Thousands of local Kurdish, Sunni and Yazidi forces are still fighting ISIS with antiquated weapons. These forces, many of which include women, have been driven from their homes and are highly motivated to take the fight to ISIS. Yet they do not have the support nor the tools they need. All the while, Obama administration efforts to combat ISIS recruitment and communications on the Internet remain disjointed, at best.
If we’re going to truly defeat and destroy ISIS, we need a comprehensive plan to combat these terrorists. Unfortunately, the president’s strategy – which he finally put forward after months of delay – offers nothing new. It’s seven pages of the same old policies that aren’t working.
As chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, I’m committed to working with members of both parties to outline real alternatives to keep America safe. And in many cases, we’ve been able to reach bipartisan consensus.
In December, we passed legislation – which is now law – to help strengthen our Visa Waiver program and ensure that foreign fighters who’ve traveled to Syria and Iraq do not have easy access to the U.S. And recently, I successfully pressed the administration to apply extra scrutiny to individuals traveling to and from Libya. This is especially critical given that an estimated 5,000 Europeans have traveled to fight on the front lines with ISIS in recent years.
We’ve also passed legislation to require the administration to step up efforts to combat ISIS’ use of social media, declare ISIS atrocities against Christians and other religious minorities genocide, and – just last week – we passed common-sense legislation to help improve border security by establishing minimum standards for foreign countries at airports and other points of entry.
Of course, we still have much more work to do. Especially as we are facing an enemy that is technologically sophisticated and always evolving. So I’m advocating for strong policies that give our pilots and special forces already on the ground the flexibility they need to ensure terrorists have no sanctuary. I’m also continuing to press the administration to get desperately needed weapons in the hands of the forces in Iraq and Syria – including the Kurds and Sunni tribes – that have been most effective in fighting ISIS, and step up training of African forces.
Ultimately, however, it is the president who must lead the fight to defeat and destroy ISIS. President Obama is the commander in chief. Instead of offering up tired half-measures, he ought to be working with Congress on a new approach.
Rep. Ed Royce, R-Fullerton, is chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee.
WRITE A LETTER TO THE EDITOR Letters to the Editor: E-mail to firstname.lastname@example.org. Please provide your name, city and telephone number (telephone numbers will not be published). Letters of about 200 words or videos of 30-seconds each will be given preference. Letters will be edited for length, grammar and clarity. | <urn:uuid:d9bb1a59-fbaa-4acc-848e-bfa2b8beac73> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ocregister.com/articles/isis-710496-administration-forces.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00020-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95585 | 886 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Date of Award
Master of Arts (MA)
From its inception, the detective genre has always tried to challenge the reader with a mystery. Unfortunately, due to the limitations of the various traditional mediums this is a challenge that is largely unmet as the mystery is revealed to the reader regardless of their ability to actually solve what was presented. With the more recent medium of video games however this challenge to a reader can finally be met. A detective story can now be presented to a player who must then solve it themselves in order to progress through the game. This thesis is divided up into multiple parts where I explore the nature of the detective genre, the nature of story telling in video games, and how the ludonarrative inherent in video games makes them an ideal home for the genre. From there I look at the actual adaption of the genre and how it divides up depending on how closely an individual game tries to follow the story conventions of the traditional medium that spawned the detective genre.
Palmour, Robert, "Video Games are Where the Detective Story Has Always Belonged: The Progression of Detective Stories into Video Games" (2021). English MA Theses. 8. | <urn:uuid:b107eeca-7258-4209-b02b-b17c84a7a039> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kb.gcsu.edu/english/8/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.919648 | 293 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Using trazodone for dogs can have positive effects on their behavior and well-being. We’ll go over all of the main aspects of this drug here, including its reviews, dosage, and side effects.
Trazodone for dogs reviews
Trazodone is a medication used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, and insomnia. It works by altering the chemical balance in the brain.
Trazodone may be used alone or in combination with other medications. Trazodone should be given as directed by your veterinarian.
The most common side effect of trazodone is sleepiness. Other less common side effects include vomiting and diarrhea.
Trazodone is not recommended for use in dogs with heart disease, or liver/kidney problems.
Do not use this medication if your dog has shown hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions to it in the past.
It should also be used with caution if your dog has a history of seizures or other serious medical conditions.
Trazodone should not be given to pregnant or breeding dogs.
The dosage depends on the weight and condition of your dog, but it usually starts at 1.5 mg to 3.5 mg per pound of body weight, given every 12 hours, and may increase up to 14 mg per pound of body weight per day, divided doses into two or three times a day.
If you are considering using trazodone for your dog, consult with your veterinarian about which dosage is best for your pet.
The reviews are all positive, but some are more positive than others.
The reviewer says that they have used other medications that promised to help with anxiety and depression in their dogs and they were not effective. They tried trazodone for dogs and found that it worked within days.
They say it works well for dogs that are suffering from separation anxiety or those who need to calm down before going to sleep at night.
They say they have recommended trazodone to others who own dogs with similar conditions.
“This is a great medication for dogs who suffer from anxiety and depression. I have been using it for the past 2 years and it has helped my dog to sleep better, eat better and overall just feel better about himself. I highly recommend trazodone to anyone with a pet that suffers from anxiety or depression.”
“I have a dog that is constantly barking. I have tried everything but it’s still going on. I found trazodone online and decided to try it out. It works great! My dog has stopped barking for the past week and I’m so happy!”
“We’ve been using trazodone for a while now and I have to say it’s the best way to treat anxiety in our dog. She will just stand there and look at you while you are doing something else, like cooking dinner or cleaning the house.”
“My dog, who is normally a very anxious, reactive dog, was very calm on trazodone. She did not bark at anything or anyone – even though we had four other dogs in the house. She was also able to sleep through the night without waking up in a panic or crying.”
“My dog can’t sleep without trazodone and it’s the only thing that helps her cope with anxiety. I’ve tried other medications and none worked as well as this one.”
“Trazodone for dogs works well for my dog, she has not had any side effects and she is not as restless as before. I recommend this medication.”
“My dog was suffering from anxiety, which tended to make her restless. After taking trazodone, she became calmer and less anxious.”
How much trazodone for dogs by weight?
The typical dosage of trazodone for dogs is between 1.5 mg and 3.5 mg per pound of body weight, given every 12 hours. The dose of trazodone should be determined by the veterinarian.
The following chart gives you an idea of how much trazodone to give your dog. Please keep in mind that these dosages are general guidelines and should be adjusted as needed based on body weight, health status and other factors.
|Dog’s weight (lbs)||Trazodone dosage (tablet)|
|10 to 20 lbs||1/2 tablet of 50 mg|
|21 to 30 lbs||1 tablet of 50 mg|
|31 to 40 lbs||1 tablet of 50 mg|
|41 to 50 lbs||1 and 1/2 tablets of 50 mg|
|51 to 60 lbs||1 and 1/2 tablets of 50 mg|
|61 to 70 lbs||1 tablet of 100 mg|
|71 to 90 lbs||1 tablet of 100 mg|
Is trazodone for dogs the same as for humans?
Trazodone for dogs is the same as trazodone for humans, which is a prescription antidepressant.
How does trazodone make dogs feel?
The effects of trazodone on dogs can be varied, but most will experience sleepiness. This is common in dogs when they are on medications for anxiety and other conditions.
Some dogs may experience vomiting or diarrhea as well. If this occurs, make sure that your veterinarian is aware of it so that they can make adjustments in dosage if necessary.
What are the side effects of trazodone in dogs?
Trazodone is generally well-tolerated in dogs and does not typically cause adverse effects. The most common side effect reported by owners is drowsiness. Other possible side effects include:
|Side effects||Dosage by weight|
NOTE: If these side effects are mild and not bothersome to your dog, they may be considered minor inconveniences. However, if you notice any persistent or serious problem with trazodone use, contact your veterinarian right away.
How many hours does trazodone last in dogs?
The effects of trazodone will last up to 8 or 12 hours in dogs. The effects can be seen as soon as 1 hour after your dog takes the medication, but it usually takes 4 hours for it to fully take effect.
Conclusion of trazodone for dogs
Trazodone is a relatively safe medication for dogs. This medication is one of the safest antidepressants to be used in dogs, and it has been used as such for many years. Trazodone can be used alone or in combination with other drugs.
The most common side effects seen with trazodone are sleepiness, lethargy, and diarrhea. These side effects are quite common with all antidepressants and should not be the reason for concern if they occur.
If you are considering giving your dog trazodone for anxiety therapy, it is important that you discuss this decision with your veterinarian so that you know what risks are involved and whether treatment will be effective for your dog’s condition. | <urn:uuid:b8555530-8591-405b-9870-d6ae38688690> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bestiepaws.com/dog/trazodone-for-dogs-review/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.954324 | 1,678 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Sustainability and the reduction of our environmental impact is a key part of VH Bio’s business strategy. Our entire team is passionate about protecting the planet, and as a company we have established a number of green initiatives to ensure we minimise waste and operate as eco-friendly as possible.
VH Bio holds the ISO 14001 environmental accreditation, which sets the framework for organisations to follow in order to implement an environmental management system, in turn enhancing the environmental performance.
Under ISO 14001, we have implemented environmentally friendly policies and procedures across many areas of the business:
Reduce, Reuse and Return!
Due to the nature of our industry, our transplant diagnostics, molecular biology, cell biology and immunology products must be shipped in polystyrene boxes to safeguard the products and guarantee their quality. At the moment, the boxes unfortunately have a short life – one use. We prefer to re-use them and do our bit towards protecting the environment, so have implemented a Freepost packaging returns policy.
Here’s how our customers can return the packaging:
- Place the polystyrene box back into the cardboard sleeve
- Attach the Freepost label provided
- Ship the packaging back to us via Royal Mail so that we can reuse it!
Many of our customers currently participate in this programme and we are currently campaigning to get everyone on board.
Eco-friendly office policies
VH Bio operates as efficiently as possible and has implemented many office policies to ensure all members of the team do their part. We encourage any necessary printing to be done in black and white when possible and we monitor the amount of printing that occurs. All of our invoices are sent electronically which also helps reduce paper usage.
Our offices also provide segregated waste for recycling, and we have replaced the lighting throughout the office for more eco-friendly lighting.
Alison Wortley, managing director at VH Bio, is very passionate about protecting the environment, and is continuously looking into ways that the company can further reduce its environmental footprint.
“I strive for minimal impact in my personal life, so it’s natural to extend that to the business environment. I believe that everyone should make an effort to do their part in saving the planet and I hope that other business owners will find inspiration from these initiatives to potentially implement similar policies.”
“I’m so grateful for all of our customers and suppliers who engage in eco-friendly actions and would love to see each of our partners participate in the Freepost scheme.”
Contact VH Bio with any questions about the package return programme or with recommendations for reducing our collective environmental impact. | <urn:uuid:c730d8cd-d0ff-4c20-9c87-2181f2b77cbe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vhbio.com/reducing-environmental-impact/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.937654 | 551 | 1.632813 | 2 |
One of the most significant exercises for those new to lager preparing is proper cleaning and sanitation. Surrounding us there are undetectable microscopic organisms, germs, and wild yeast that like your brew as much as you do. These microorganisms are unwelcome visitors to the gathering, nonetheless, in such a case that they get into your brew, they can pollute it and contaminate it. It is the home brewers occupation to provide the yeast a sound domain during maturation, and to give the yeast a head start before these different creatures can grab hold. Certain safeguards must be taken during the lager preparing process to forestall tainting. That is the reason it is fundamentally significant that you are exhaustive in cleaning and sterilizing your lager preparing hardware.
Note that cleaning and sanitation DO NOT mean something very similar. Sanitation goes past basic cleaning. Concoction sanitizers must be utilized in the lager preparing process to dispose of most of the microorganisms on the gear past what basic cleanser and water can achieve alone. Sanitation is critical in the lager blending process, particularly for the new home brewer. Great sanitation propensities are a significant piece of the learning process, and something you should ace and practice each time you blend. Tainting can happen whenever in the lager preparing process, and result in off flavors and poor tasting brew. Frequently, when tenderfoots experience season issues during their initial hardly any clusters, it is the aftereffect of poor sanitation rehearses.
Aging is the controlled developing of yeast, and the more beneficial the earth you provide the yeast, the better it will do. Tragically, a sound situation for yeast is likewise a solid domain for all the things you do not need in your brew – the microorganisms, including germs and microscopic organisms. By utilizing proper cleaning and sterilizing of your brew making hardware, you guarantee that contaminants are kept to a base, and that your yeast will be very much taken care of and not meddled with. Keep in mind, glad yeast makes extraordinary lager, which satisfies the home brewer!
Here is a fast breakdown of the contrasts between cleaning, purifying and disinfecting to explain. Cleaning and sterilizing are not something very similar. You have to clean your lager making hardware first, at that point purify it in sanitizerproisrael.com.
Cleaning is the process of expelling the unmistakable buildup, the earth. As such, what you CAN see. Without anyone else, cleaning is not sufficient for a perfect aging. Cleaning specialists will evacuate surface soil, however do not execute a lot of microorganisms. Be that as it may, cleaning is as yet a significant piece of the process in such a case that earth is not expelled, it can provide a spot for microorganisms to cover up. This would make purification practically outlandish. Purifying, which can likewise be called sterilization or sanitation, is the process of murdering off the vast majority of the microorganisms on your brew making gear. Home brewers use purifying answers for clean their hardware. In any case, these arrangements cannot take out any microorganisms that are not on the outside of the hardware – ones that are covered up in earth or buildup inside the gear. | <urn:uuid:c26eb624-fdb8-46bd-a297-e27d2c3c4880> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://centrosaada.com/general/a-key-factor-of-the-smart-sanitizer-pro.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.950925 | 665 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Our apprentice Kala Granger reports on her recent experience at a conference exploring ways to reframe accessibility in the arts:
At the beginning of August, dog & pony dc sent me on an adventure to a city that was completely new to me: Pittsburgh! I fell in love with the city, its arts community, and the conference I was sent for: The Kennedy Center’s Leadership Exchange in the Arts and Disability (LEAD), which provides resources and understanding in many areas of disability within the arts.
This year more arts and theatre administrators and disabled artists got together than ever before, to discuss and learn about reframing accessibility: not just for audiences, but onstage and behind the scenes. Disabled artists, backstage teams, and arts administrators, are just as important, but less represented in the mainstream discussion about accessibility.
The tools we use to accommodate can benefit everyone, whether or not they have a disability. A great example of this would be Touch Tours, which allows patrons to explore the world of the show before the play. Originally designed for patrons with autism or low-vision/blindness, the tours have been a huge success with people of all abilities. These tours–interactive, multi sensory experiences–are led by production teams and actors, often covering multiple aspects such as characters, costumes, lights, set, props, soundscape…The list goes on, and can be catered to fit any type of production.
Two other important areas of discussion I focused on were making social media accessible, and the use of interpreters as part of the artistic process. These are extensive topics but easily done once you have the right resources. I’ll share more on this later.
The big picture? We need to reframe how we think about disability, claiming the social model instead of the medical model, which puts the burden on the disabled person to be “fixed” in order to assimilate into “normal” society, rather than appreciating human diversity and recognizing that the limits they experience are mostly imposed by a society that doesn’t consider their needs important or even valuable.
There is a lot of creative gain to be had from including people who experience the world differently than we do. Once we let go of our fears and open our minds and hearts, our art becomes unbounded with possibilities.
featured image by Cut ‘N’ Run Studios @cutnrunstudios | <urn:uuid:09d0bce3-cb55-4e25-919d-5b953b9e0cde> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://dogandponydc.com/portfolio/reframing-accessibility-in-the-arts-at-lead/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00548-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957392 | 493 | 1.8125 | 2 |
The war for Troy was rough but, somehow, thanks to your leader and friend, Odysseus, you were able to survive the ten years of battle it took to see the fortress fall. Now, after so many years, it's time to go home, but there are many dangers lurking in the sea: gigantic monsters and ferocious beasts, savage men and beautifully dangerous women. What's more, you have missed Odysseus's ship and must travel on your own.
Your family is waiting and winter is approaching. Can you make it?
Based on Homer's The Odyssey, this webquest is meant to be a basic high school study of Odysseus's adventures. | <urn:uuid:a41b69d8-f6c8-41f9-8745-8756ce4d648c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://theodysseywebquest.blogspot.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00294-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979075 | 140 | 2.0625 | 2 |
It's possible that Apple 's future just got sunnier.
Employees at computer, phone and software ... Apple iPhone forum
A solar-powered iPhone?
It's possible that Apple's future just got sunnier.
Employees at computer, phone and software company Apple have filed a patent to place solar cells on portable devices, "Trade the News" reported Monday.
Outfitted with such technology, Apple’s devices, like the iPhone, could have photovoltaic cells stacked underneath LCD touch screens, thus maximizing the area available for harnessing the sun.
or you could just make your batteries replaceable...
Ditto to that.
Originally Posted by squished18
Also, they will probably charge more for iPhones with this feature.
I think they are only doing this because their battery quality sucks enough as it is.
Tags for this Thread | <urn:uuid:f6816bb9-e94c-4671-b038-b1f11b5019f6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://forums.pinstack.com/f214/a_solar_powered_iphone-74660/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00064-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925957 | 181 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Very Old Bones
The Evening Star
In making the case for restoring “traditional family values,” politicians imply that there have always been “traditional” families which were beneficial to their members, and that their supposed disappearance has created much of the misery observable all around us. William Kennedy’s Very Old Bones is a family novel that puts this rhetoric in its place. The fourth of Kennedy’s “Albany novels,” it returns to the Phelan family of Billy Phelan’s Greatest Game (1978) and Ironweed (1982). (The first book in the series, Legs , does not have to do with the family.)
The Phelans came from Ireland in the 1820s to help dig the Erie Canal, work as lumbermen and railroaders, and gradually enter the lower middle class. In Very Old Bones Kennedy is concerned with the seven children born of the marriage of Michael Phelan and Kathryn McIlhenny in 1879, and that generation’s own, less bounteous issue. In 1895, after siring his family and building the house on Colonie Street that some of the Phelans still inhabit in 1958, the year in which Very Old Bones purports to be written, Michael had died. Kathryn survived him for another four decades and brought up their children harshly and piously.
Of their daughters, Julia died young and single, Molly was married in her mid-forties and widowed two years after, and Sarah, a devout and tyrannical spinster, has kept house for her mother and siblings as her father had commanded her to before he died. Chick Phelan, a feckless linotypist who had failed at the priesthood and school teaching, left home in 1954 after a bitter quarrel with Sarah, married the woman he had desired but not slept with for seventeen years, and settled in Florida. Shortly later, Tommy, a mental defective, drowned at the water filtration plant where he worked.
The other two sons had talent. Francis, the oldest child and the tormented central character of Ironweed, fathered three children and killed one of them accidentally, played professional baseball (three years in the majors), and left home for good in 1916, to spend the rest of his life as a drifter and wino—“Artist of the open road. Hero of Whitmanesque America,” as his brother Peter describes him with fond irony. Francis died during World War II, after his brief return to Albany and baseball, as a coach.
Peter, the second son, also ran away, in 1913, to become a painter. He had a long liaison with his landlady in Greenwich Village, who bore a son, though possibly not his son, in 1924. Peter began to make a small reputation as an artist in the late 1930s with his Itinerant series of paintings, inspired by his remorse and pity for Francis. In 1954, after Sarah’s death, he returned home with his putative son, Orson Purcell, to take care of Molly and Tommy, and live rent-free. The novel which takes in these events is written…
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Purchase a trial Online Edition subscription and receive unlimited access for one week to all the content on nybooks.com. | <urn:uuid:88970e77-ee94-4cb2-b6ee-85c59caea256> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1992/08/13/family-values/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718957.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00437-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981935 | 748 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Documentaries often address new, unknown or specific phenomena or events happening in the world. One of such notable phenomena are “ghost bikes”¯ ”“ unofficial memorials to cyclists who have been injured or killed on the road. These bicycles are usually painted in white, and often have a broadsheet or placard with the name of the victim and a valedictory from relatives or friends on it. These bicycles are located close to the places where accidents happened, and are locked to appropriate objects in these locations.
Ghost cycles are a new form of memorials, and they play two different (and equally important) roles: commemorate the bicyclists who have died in an accident, and draw people’s attention to the need to be careful, and pay attention to road rules. The history of ghost bikes dates back to 2003, when the first ghost bike memorial was installed in St Louis, Missouri, US (Walker & Lane, 2011: n.d.). The memorial had a significant impact on the motorists, and a group of volunteers installed more than a dozen of such bikes in the other parts of the city. This practice was quickly adopted by other US cities, and quickly spread worldwide.
In the UK, the first recorded ghost bike also appeared in 2003 in Islington (North London). The ghost bike was commemorating James Foster, who was struck by a drunk driver. The workers of the cycle shop where he worked installed this bike 5 years later, on the date of his death (Walker & Lane, 2011: n.d.). In the UK, besides London, ghost bikes are also installed in Belfast, Carlisle, Brighton, Colchester, Fort William, Kent, Manchester, Chepstow, Oxford, Bristol and York (Ghost Bikes, 2012).
Although most people agree that ghost bikes are a significant cultural phenomenon and that they attract the attention of drivers to road security, there is another opinion ”“ that ghost bikes might scare away people who are thinking to become bicyclists, because of increased attention to cycle road incidents, compared to cars and other transportation devices. The purpose of the documentary devoted to ghost bikes was to introduce this phenomena to the audience, and to explore ethical ambiguity of this cultural and social phenomenon.
3. Choice of documentary type and expressive methods
Overall, it is possible to distinguish between six types of documentary films. Poetic documentaries, which use the aesthetical combinations of fragments of reality to convey their message; expository films, which have a specific point of view or argument and are used to spear to the audience directly, usually with the help of a voiceover (Cousins & MacDonald, 2006: 212); observational documentaries reflect the reality with minimal intervention and intend to reveal certain phenomena or human characters in life situations; participatory films which adopt anthropologic approach, and the filmmaker in such documentaries also acts as a social actor; reflexive documentaries, which are focused on author representation and view on the reflected reality, and performative documentaries, which stress emotional response and subjective author perception (Bruzzi, 2006: 75).
Each type of documentaries has specific techniques and approaches appropriate for filmmaking. For the purpose of ghost bike project, it was decided to combine expository and observational modes of documentary films. Expository mode was used to disseminate information and to deliver the issue to the readers. The technique of narration common for expository approach was of particular use in the process of filmmaking: the combination of narrator’s explanations with visual information and sound allowed to impress the audience and deliver the information in the most effective way. Within the context of expository mode, the phenomenon of ghost bikes was presented to the audience, the team interviewed different people, and discussed their opinion on ghost bikes. A particular group of interviewees were bus drivers, because it is considered that buses represent a significant danger for cyclists.
While expository mode is essentially meant to send some message to the audience, observational mode is used to apply camera movement and depiction of the reality without imposing any additional message or information to the audience (Cousins & MacDonald, 2006: 266). In fact, observational mode allows to depict the events and life moments as they happen. In this case, the viewers can make own conclusions and develop own feelings of the situation. This technique was chosen to increase objectivity of the documentary and to draw the attention of the audience to the phenomenon. In the ghost bike film, the bikes were filmed as they stop on the road, and the overall road setting from the bicyclist’s point of view was shown to the audience. Although the filming did not fulfill all requirements of observational mode ”“ there was sound added to the filming, focus on observation allowed to make the film richer and also allowed to provide more space to the viewer’s thought. There are plenty of documentary films nowadays, which simply deliver information to the spectator, but the purpose of this project was also to encourage critical thinking and perception of the problem by the audience, and observation mode was essential for this purpose. | <urn:uuid:0444bbfd-9a79-41ce-a3f3-a68a59d17190> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.proessay.com/documentary-films-custom-essay/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00490-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959947 | 1,022 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Letter To My Daughters On Feminism
Be ready to lose. You will lose battles. You will lose friends. You will lose yourself at times. Sometimes the humiliation of loss is a necessary rock bottom. Allow yourself to crash. Don’t clutch at straws, let go.
Standing up for justice is hard. More often than not it is a long drawn-out process. It is certainly harder than passing lazy, immediate judgments based on your own biases. It can seem like a dead-end. Start anew, start again.
“You have no idea how hard it is to be a young feminist,” a woman fresh out of college said to me recently.
“Why,” I asked her, ignoring the suggesting that I was neither young nor a feminist. “People judge you so much,” she said. “They label you and attribute motives without knowing anything about you,” she said. That’s why we need feminism in the first place, I thought to myself.
Feminism isn’t a shortcut to solutions. It is a path with much diversity to offer. There will be milestones in self-awareness. There will be pauses for apologies and reconciliation. There will be long, lonely stretches when you must walk alone. There will be bitter moments when your privilege will stomp over the rights of others and you will not even see it till it is pointed out to you. Others may not be as polite as you’d like them to be. It will feel like a slap.
You will find out how easy it is to be comfortable as an oppressor. How it became a way of life for you too.
Taking on the label “feminist” is not a substitute for the process of personal growth and self-examination. Exploring and surrendering one’s own sexism is the work of a lifetime.
This may mean that the world we have known intimately, the world in which we feel “safe” must be radically changed. Feminism will require everyone to change, not just those we label enemies or oppressors. When a movement for liberation inspires itself chiefly by a hatred for an enemy rather than the creation of new possibilities, it begins to defeat itself. In the words of Paulo Freire, “Dialogue cannot exist in the absence of profound love for the world and for women and men. Love is at the same time the foundation of dialogue and dialogue itself.”
“Separatist ideology encourages us to believe that women alone can make feminist revolution — we cannot. Since men are the primary agents maintaining and supporting sexism and sexist oppression, they can only be successfully eradicated if men are compelled to assume responsibility for transforming their consciousness and the consciousness of society as a whole,” wrote Bell Hooks in her book “Feminist Theory: from margin to the center.”
Be ready to move very, very slowly. Be ready to move very fast. There is a time for first aid and early intervention, and there is a time for slow processing.
Feminism is nothing if it is not intersectional. Your and my rights at work and at home are only as important as the rights of Kanta Massi and Taslimun at work. Their workplace is our home. Whatever I feel I deserve from my workplace and home, they deserve in theirs. Lets name some of the basics — paid maternity leave, promotions, pay raise, workplace breaks, holidays, off days, medical benefits. Some more basics — love, respect, being valued for her essential self.
For some women, feminism will mean stepping out of their homes to work and travel in the wide world outside. For others it will mean spending more time with their families and at home. Every one lives in their own context and a practicing feminist doesn’t misunderstand her role as that of a judge.
Unity and dialogue between women is a necessary base. Abandoning the idea of solidarity and sisterhood weakens and diminishes all of us.
Be open to reassessment and grief. Do not feel compelled to substitute confusion and complexities with anger and rage. Anger has its uses but it is also toxic and contaminating. It needs to be tempered with clear-sightedness. With self-awareness.
Go beyond anger. This I have learnt from you. Anger is a stage, a short necessary phase. It misleads us into thinking that having declared our position means our work is done. Real work and contribution starts when you sublimate your anger into action. Anger traps you in the victim mode. Social media has dulled our innate sense of right and wrong. We do not have to surrender to its easy lure.
Resist the archaic pressures of your socialization. You know you are not here to please others. Don’t make mocking others a pastime either. There will be many stages in your life when the power balance within structures will tip in your favour. That will be a test of your feminism. Will you kick and hurt those who you can, or will you resist the easy temptation of populist vengeance?
There was a time in my life when the geopolitical power inequality between nations made me so frustrated, that I would find myself lauding the death of the oppressor in the conflict that he had created himself. I had willingly suspended my own humanity…my gift of innocence. My own moral compass.
Be strategic, as you often like to remind me. Finally, it is the children who simplify what we have complicated for ourselves. You want justice, not revenge. The look on your faces tells me I have strayed when I become misguided in my anger and frustration. My peers often goad me on, because outrage is easy. We have a tendency to gang up and declare who our enemies are. We are shooting ourselves in the foot as we do this.
When you begin to lose faith, to become cynical and angry; when you find your reserves of empathy and self-love depleted, go back to reading. Slow down. Self-care is an essential part of feminist ideology.
Refuse to inherit our biases. Reject victimhood. Do not accept the legacy of willing misrepresentation and misunderstanding. Of the excesses of power. We do not want to offer you a battlefield. Feminism seeks peace, not war.
Read feminists and read about feminists. Bell Hooks and Audre Lorde. Savitribai Phule and Kamladevi Devi Chattopadhya. Make your own lists of those who have inspired in action and with words. Don’t just read those who have written books. Read about women who have paved the way for you to walk on. Work with them. There is very little you will do that someone hasn’t done before you in tougher circumstances and harsher times. Know that there are mentors who are watching your back.
Remember the goals — Justice, equality, healing, transformation and rehabilitation for both men and women. Feminism is your conscience. It will teach you to revolutionize your consciousness.
Feminism is a theory in the making, that we must necessarily criticize, question, re-examine, and explore new possibilities. Listen as much as you speak. Learn from everyone. That’s when feminism will begin to win. | <urn:uuid:7da379d5-285a-43d1-89be-b35a10647ffc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://natashabadhwar.medium.com/letter-to-my-daughters-on-feminism-e19cd0bc65a3?source=post_internal_links---------0---------------------------- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.960588 | 1,503 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Blood, sweat, tears and a whole lot of cash is what higher education calls for, but is the degree worth it?
With the cost of education rising and the employment rate for college graduates decreasing, students could question the value of a degree. According to the U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics, the unemployment rate in 2009 for workers with college degrees was 4.6 percent. However, the unemployment rate for those without a degree was nearly 10 percent higher.
Ben Zufelt, a senior communication major from St. George, enrolled at Dixie State University to obtain a bachelor’s degree after losing his construction job.
“I don’t think work experience is enough,” Zufelt said. ”You have to show you took the time to get an education. It shows you’re determined and dedicated to something.”
The average amount of student loan debt for the class of 2011 was $26,600, according to American Student Assistance. Mike Olson, director of academic advisement, said the price is worth it.
“I really think a degree is worth the cost,” Olson said. “You’re paying tuition for four or five years, but you’re being paid at a higher rate for 40 or more years.”
According to howtoedu.org, a person with a bachelor’s degree will earn nearly $1 million more over the course of 40 years than a person with a high school diploma.
Students obtain degrees for multiple reasons, and they’re not always money motivated. Olson said some students get their degree for self-fulfillment or to set an example to their children.
“The worth of a degree could be monetary, it could be financial, but I think, in a lot of ways, hanging a degree on a wall and looking at it is a constant reminder of past success,” Olson said.
A degree is worth every penny and the things you can gain from higher education are invaluable, Olson said.
“I think it can do a lot for someone who down the road may be struggling,” Olson said. “To look back at your degree and think, ‘At one point in my life I was able to overcome a lot of obstacles and obtain something I really wanted.’”
Lana Lichfield, a sophomore communication major from Hurricane, is pursuing her degree for reasons other than simply making more money.
“I want to learn and get an education,” Lichfield said. “I think a degree says a lot about you. I think it says you can jump through hoops and broaden your mindset.”
Academic Adviser Landen Peterson was raised by a farmer in a small town and was always told to get a degree but wasn’t told why. Now Peterson has completed his bachelor’s degree and is working toward his master’s degree. He now understands why he was told to go to college.
“There are a lot of things that I can do that I didn’t know I could do,” Peterson said. “Education helps you see all the doors you have open and all the opportunities available, and it makes it so you get a gauge of what you’re capable of.” | <urn:uuid:0286038b-0bfc-4571-bacd-0e280605fe30> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dixiesunnews.com/news/articles/2013/10/30/degree-worth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.97775 | 690 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Wnts activate at least two signaling pathways, the β-catenin-dependent and -independent pathways. Although the β-catenin-dependent pathway is known to contribute to G1–S transition, involvement of the β-catenin-independent pathway in cell cycle regulation remains unclear. Here, we show that Wnt5a signaling, which activates the β-catenin-independent pathway, is required for cytokinesis. Dishevelled 2 (Dvl2), a mediator of Wnt signaling pathways, was localized to the midbody during cytokinesis. Beside the localization of Dvl2, Fz2, a Wnt receptor, was detected in the midbody with the endosomal sorting complex required for transport III (ESCRT-III) subunit, CHMP4B. Depletion of Wnt5a, its receptors, and Dvl increased multinucleation. The phenotype observed in Wnt5a-depleted cells was rescued by the addition of purified Wnt5a but not Wnt3a, which is a ligand for the β-catenin-dependent pathway. Moreover, depletion of Wnt5a signaling caused loss of stabilized microtubules and mislocalization of CHMP4B at the midbody, which affected abscission. Inhibition of the stabilization of microtubules at the midbody led to the mislocalization of CHMP4B, while depletion of CHMP4B did not affect the stabilization of microtubules, suggesting that the correct localization of CHMP4B depends on microtubules. Fz2 was localized to the midbody in a Rab11-dependent manner, probably along stabilized microtubules. Fz2 formed a complex with CHMP4B upon Wnt5a stimulation and was required for proper localization of CHMP4B at the midbody, while CHMP4B was not necessary for the localization of Fz2. These results suggest that Wnt5a signaling positions ESCRT-III in the midbody properly for abscission by stabilizing midbody microtubules.
Wnt is a secreted ligand that regulates various cellular functions, including proliferation, differentiation, migration, and adhesion (Logan and Nusse, 2004). There are 19 Wnt members in the human and mouse genomes, and these Wnts activate at least two signaling pathways, the β-catenin-dependent and -independent pathways (Kikuchi et al., 2009; Sato et al., 2010). The β-catenin-dependent pathway contributes to G1–S transition by expressing cyclin D1 and c-Myc in a β-catenin/T cell factor (Tcf)-dependent manner, and abnormal accumulation of β-catenin causes tumorigenesis by disrupting cell cycle control (Kikuchi et al., 2009; MacDonald et al., 2009). In addition, it has been reported that low-density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6), which is a co-receptor for the β-catenin-dependent pathway, is efficiently phosphorylated by a mitotic cyclin Y-dependent protein kinase, Pftk, and that β-catenin-dependent transcription is enhanced in mitosis (Davidson et al., 2009). Expression of conductin (also referred to as Axil and Axin2), which is a target gene of the β-catenin-dependent pathway, was regulated in a cell-cycle-dependent manner, with its highest expression level occurring during mitosis, and overexpression of conductin caused chromosomal instability in colon cancer cell lines (Hadjihannas et al., 2006). Dishevelled (Dvl), a cytoplasmic mediator of Wnt signaling pathways, as well as LRP6 and a Wnt receptor Frizzled 2 (Fz2), was demonstrated to be involved in mitotic spindle orientation (Kikuchi et al., 2010). These results suggest that the β-catenin-dependent pathway not only promotes G1–S progression but also regulates mitotic progression. On the other hand, it remains unclear whether the β-catenin-independent pathway functions in cell cycle regulation.
From anaphase to telophase, an actomyosin-based contractile ring in the midzone drives the ingression of the cleavage furrow between the two reforming nuclei, resulting in the formation of the midbody, which is a narrow anti-parallel microtubule-enriched intercellular bridge connecting the two daughter cells, during cytokinesis (Hu et al., 2012; Steigemann and Gerlich, 2009). The intercellular bridge persists until abscission splits the daughter cells apart. An endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) has been implicated in diverse cellular processes, such as endosomal membrane sorting and cytokinesis (Peel et al., 2011). ESCRTs and vascular protein sorting 4 (Vps4) are sequentially localized to the midbody to mediate fission events (Wollert et al., 2009). During cytokinesis, ESCRT-I protein tumor-susceptibility gene 101 (Tsg101) and apoptosis-linked gene 2-interacting protein X (ALIX) interact with a non-canonical coiled-coil region of centrosomal protein of 55 kDa (Cep55) (Carlton and Martin-Serrano, 2007). Cep55 is localized to the center of the midbody where it binds to the centralspindlin subunit mitotic kinesin-like protein-1 (Mklp1) (Fabbro et al., 2005). The ESCRT-III subunit charged multivesicular body protein (CHMP) binds to the microtubule-severing enzyme Spastin and accumulates on a region adjacent to Tsg101 to lead to complete abscission (Elia et al., 2011; Morita et al., 2007). Vps4 functions to dissociate ESCRT-III after membrane scission is completed (Hurley and Hanson, 2010). All of these ESCRTs and Vps4 are essential for cytokinesis, because their depletion leads to cytokinetic failure, which is assessed by an increase in multinucleated cells.
Progress in the understanding of the roles of ESCRTs in cytokinesis promoted us to analyze the relationship between Wnt signaling and ESCRTs during cytokinesis, because we previously found that Dvl localizes to the midbody (Kikuchi et al., 2010). The β-catenin-independent pathway was originally shown to regulate cytoskeletons, thereby coordinating cell motility and polarity (Veeman et al., 2003). Among 19 Wnt family members, Wnt5a is a representative ligand that activates this pathway. When Wnt5a binds to Fz and receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1/2 (Ror1/2), which function as co-receptors in the β-catenin-independent pathway, Dvl mediates Wnt5a signaling to regulate various cellular functions including adhesion, migration, invasion, and gene expression (Kikuchi et al., 2012). Extending our previous observation of the localization of Dvl2 to the midbody (Kikuchi et al., 2010), we found here that Fz2 is also localized to the midbody at telophase and that its localization is different from Dvl2 but similar to CHMP4B, an ESCRT-III subunit. Depletion of Wnt5a, Fz2, Ror2, or Dvl increased multinucleated cells and caused destabilization of midbody microtubules. These molecules were also required for the proper localization of CHMP4B at the midbody. In addition, Fz2 formed a complex with CHMP4B in a Wnt5a-dependent manner. These results suggest that Wnt5a-mediated β-catenin-independent pathway is involved in the positioning of ESCRT-III in the midbody properly, thereby leading to abscission.
Dvl2 is localized to the midbody at telophase
HA–Dvl2 and GFP–Dvl2 overexpressed in HeLaS3 and USOS cells, respectively, were concentrated to the center of the midbody during telophase (Kikuchi et al., 2010) (Fig. 1A; supplementary material Fig. S1A). Endogenous Dvl2 was also localized to the same region as ectopically expressed Dvl2 in HeLaS3 and a human breast carcinoma cell line, MDA-MB-435 cells (Fig. 1B; supplementary material Fig. S1A). The view of midbody morphology by electron microscopy reveals that anti-parallel microtubules are interdigitated and end at the center of the midbody, thereby creating the tight overlap region, where microtubule staining is blocked (Elad et al., 2011). This region is referred to as the stem body. Therefore, we used the term ‘stem body’ to indicate the central dark area of the midbody.
Molecules required for cytokinesis, such as motor proteins and microtubule associating proteins, are also accumulated at the midbody from telophase to abscission (Elad et al., 2011; Glotzer, 2009; Steigemann and Gerlich, 2009). Mklp1, a centralspindlin subunit, is present in the stem body, where it promotes midbody microtubule bundling (Sellitto and Kuriyama, 1988). In late telophase the localization of Mklp1 and GFP–Tsg101, an ESCRT-I subunit, became restricted to the stem body and they showed similar localization to GFP– or HA–Dvl2 (Fig. 1C). CHMP4B, an ESCRT-III subunit, accumulated on both sides of the stem body (Elia et al., 2011), and its localization was different from that of Dvl2 (Fig. 1C). GFP–Dvl2 at the intercellular bridge moved asymmetrically into one daughter cell after abscission (Fig. 1D) and was colocalized with mCherry-LC3 (supplementary material Fig. S1B). LC3 is known to be localized to the midbody during abscission and is required for lysosomal degradation of midbody ring after abscission (Pohl and Jentsch, 2009).
The accumulation of HA–Dvl2 to the stem body was reduced in Wnt5a-, Fz2-, or Ror2-depleted HeLaS3 cells but not in LRP6-depleted cells (Fig. 2A,C; supplementary material Fig. S2A), while the expression of HA–Dvl2 was still observed in the cytosol of dividing Wnt5a-depeleted cells as well as control cells (Fig. 2A). Endogenous Dvl2 localized to the midbody also decreased, whereas its total levels were not changed in Wnt5a-depleted cells as compared to control cells (Fig. 2B,D; supplementary material Fig. S2B). Therefore, it seems that a defect in the stem body localization of Dvl2 in Wnt5a- and its receptor-depleted cells does not reflect merely a failure of expression of Dvl2. The midbody localization of Dvl2 was restored by expression of mouse Wnt5a, which is resistant to siRNA for human Wnt5a, in Wnt5a-depleted cells (Fig. 2B,D; supplementary material Fig. S2C). These results suggest that Wnt5a signaling through Fz2 and Ror2 is required for the localization of Dvl2 to the stem body and is involved in cytokinesis.
Fz2 is localized to a different region of the midbody from Dvl2
Fz functions as a seven-transmembrane receptor for Wnt, and Fz2 has been shown to be involved in both the β-catenin-dependent and -independent pathways (Sato et al., 2010) (supplementary material Fig. S3A). While HA–Fz2 was localized to the cell surface membrane from prometaphase to anaphase, it accumulated at the midbody in early telophase (Fig. 3A; supplementary material Fig. S3B). At late telophase, FLAG– or HA–Fz2 was observed at both sides of the stem body clearly and showed the similar localization to CHMP4B (Fig. 3B; supplementary material Fig. S3B). However, FLAG–Fz2 showed localization different from Mklp1, GFP–Tsg101, and GFP–Dvl2 (Fig. 3B). FLAG–Fz2 was detected at the midbody when cells were stained with anti-FLAG-antibody before fixation and permeabilization (supplementary material Fig. S4A,B), indicating that the localization of Fz2 was not as a result of cytoplasmic aggregation by its overexpression but that Fz2 was present on the cell surface. Under the same staining conditions, FLAG–Dvl2 was not detected on the cell surface (supplementary material Fig. S4C). Receptor-tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2), which is known as a receptor for Wnt5a (Green et al., 2008), was not clearly accumulated on the midbody but distributed throughout the cell cortex, including the intercellular bridge region (supplementary material Fig. S5).
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) images into three dimensions (3D) revealed that HA–Dvl2 made web-like structures, extending into the interior of the stem body and that HA–Fz2 formed discontinuous ring structures along both sides of the stem body (Fig. 3C). Characterization of the organization of ESCRTs by SIM showed that Cep55, which associates with microtubules, is observed as a solid-disk like structure in the midbody and that CHMP4B forms distinctive ring-like structures which associate with the cell surface membrane (Elia et al., 2011). The similarity in localization and structure between Fz2 and CHMP4B suggests their functional relationship.
Failure of Wnt5a signaling increases multinucleated cells
There are three Dvl homologs in mammals, Dvl1, Dvl2, and Dvl3 (Wharton, 2003) (hereafter referred to collectively as Dvls). To clarify the roles of Dvls in cytokinesis, the number of multinucleated cells, which are a hallmark of cytokinesis defects, was counted in Dvls-depleted cells. Because Dvls were required for prometaphase and metaphase progression (Kikuchi et al., 2010), only the multinucleated cells that have the same size of nuclei were counted to exclude ones induced by lagging chromosomes. Depletion of either Dvl1, Dvl2, or Dvl3 alone by two kinds of siRNA for each Dvl in HeLaS3 cells increased multinucleated cells (Fig. 4A; supplementary material Fig. S6A), and expression of GFP–mouse Dvl2 rescued the phenotype of Dvl2-depleted cells (Fig. 4A; supplementary material Fig. S6B). The extent of the phenotype induced by depletion of all Dvl1, Dvl2, and Dvl3 was similar to or stronger than that by the depletion of each Dvl (Fig. 4A). Therefore, HeLaS3 cells in which all Dvls were depleted were used in the following studies.
It was examined whether Wnts and their receptors are involved in cytokinesis. Depletion of Fz2 or Ror2 increased multinucleated cells but that of LRP6 did not (Fig. 4B). Depletion of Wnt5a in HeLaS3 cells also increased multinucleated cells, and purified Wnt5a rescued the phenotype in a dose-dependent manner, but purified Wnt3a, which is a representative ligand for the β-catenin-dependent pathway, did not (Fig. 4C), suggesting that Wnt5a signaling is involved in cytokinesis specifically. Depletion of Wnt5a or Dvls in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) also increased multinucleated cells (Fig. 4D; supplementary material Fig. S6C), indicating that Wnt5a signaling is required for cytokinesis in non-cancer cells.
Wnt5a and Dvl stabilize microtubules at the midbody
Because Wnt5a and Dvl are involved in the stability and polarized organization of microtubules (Ciani et al., 2004; Matsumoto et al., 2010; Schlessinger et al., 2007), it was examined whether they have a role in microtubule organization at the midbody. In control cells, thick stabilized microtubule bundles that are heavily detyrosinated, which was detected by anti-Glu-tubulin antibody, were observed in the intercellular bridge (Fig. 5A,B). On the other hand, thin microtubules were observed and the staining of Glu-tubulin was reduced in Wnt5a- or Dvls-depleted cells (Fig. 5A,B). EB1 tends to be concentrated to the microtubule plus-ends and its loss induces short microtubules in interphase (Morrison et al., 1998; Tirnauer and Bierer, 2000). In Wnt5a- or Dvls-depleted cells, EB1 was still observed in each extending microtubule at the interphase, but its staining at the cell periphery was reduced (Matsumoto et al., 2010) (supplementary material Fig. S7). During cytokinesis EB1 was concentrated at the midbody in control cells as described (Elad et al., 2011). In contrast, EB1 staining at the midbody was decreased in Wnt5a- or Dvls-depleted cells (Fig. 5A,C). These results suggest that the number of overlapping microtubules at the stem body is reduced in Wnt5a- or Dvls-depleted cells, resulting in decreased assembly of the midbody microtubules. There were more than 90% of cells with an intercellular bridge at shorter than 20 µm in control cells, while more than 50% of cells had the intercellular bridge at longer than 20 µm by depletion of Wnt5a or Dvls (Fig. 5D). Therefore, the length of the intercellular bridge was elongated in Wnt5a- or Dvls-depleted cells, suggesting that they failed to separate into two daughter cells because of the abscission defect.
Time-lapse imaging of GFP–α-tubulin-expressing HeLaS3 cells showed that the midbody appears to be formed normally both in control and Wnt5a-depleted cells. However, in Wnt5a-depleted cells midbody microtubule bundles became thinner in time, the intercellular bridge remained connected prior to completion of cytokinesis, and the length of microtubules was elongated consistently with the results from fixed cell assays (supplementary material Movies 1, 2). In addition, the duration time from telophase to abscission was delayed (Fig. 5E). Taken together, Wnt5a and Dvl could be required for the stabilization of midbody microtubules.
To examine whether microtubule stabilization is required for the localization of Dvl, EB1 was depleted to destabilize microtubules. The staining of microtubules and Glu-tubulin was indeed decreased in EB1-depleted cells (Fig. 5B). Consistent with the results, ∼36% of cells had the intercellular bridge at longer than 20 µm by depletion of EB1 (Fig. 5D). In addition, the localization of HA–Dvl2 to the stem body was reduced in EB1-depleted cells (Fig. 5F). Therefore, the localization of Dvl and the stabilization of microtubules at the midbody might be mutually dependent.
Wnt5a signaling regulates the proper localization of ESCRT-III at the midbody
Midbody microtubules are assembled at the stem body, and some centrosomal proteins are translocated to the midbody on microtubules by kinesin family proteins to control abscission (Sagona et al., 2010). Because the loss of Wnt5a signaling perturbs the stabilization of midbody microtubules, it was examined whether Wnt5a signaling is required for the localization of cytokinesis regulating machineries, such as centralspindlin and ESCRTs. Depletion of Wnt5a or Dvls in HeLaS3 cells did not affect the localization of Mklp1 and GFP–Tsg101 to the stem body (Fig. 6A,B). Although CHMP4B–GFP was still located to the midbody in Wnt5a- or Dvls-depleted cells, the correct localization of CHMP4B–GFP on both sides of the stem body was disrupted (Fig. 7A,B). The same results were observed in Fz2- or Ror2-depleted but not in LRP6-depleted cells (Fig. 7B). Consistently, endogenous CHMP4B was localized to both sides of the stem body in control cells as well and its correct localization was impaired in Wnt5a- or Dvls-depleted cells (Fig. 7C,D).
SIM images showed that endogenous CHMP4B is observed as double ring structures at the stem body in control cells (Fig. 7E). In contrast, CHMP4B was mislocalized and observed as dot-like structures in the stem body in Wnt5a- or Dvls-depleted cells (Fig. 7E).
As shown in Fig. 5A, Wnt5a and Dvl were required for the stabilization of midbody microtubules. To examine whether the stabilization of microtubules is necessary for the correct localization of CHMP4B, cells were treated with siRNA for EB1. CHMP4B was mislocalized in EB1-depleted cells (Fig. 7D), suggesting that the correct localization of CHMP4B depends on the stabilization of midbody microtubules. In addition, a biochemical study showed that HA–Fz2 forms a complex with CHMP4B–GFP and that Wnt5a enhances complex formation (Fig. 7F). Therefore, Fz2 may regulate the correct localization of ESCRT-III to both sides of the stem body via Wnt5a signaling.
In order to define the mechanism by which Wnt5a signaling regulates the proper localization of ESCRT-III at the midbody through microtubule stabilization, the trafficking of Fz2 to the midbody was examined as Fz2 interacted with CHMP4B. The localization of FLAG–Fz2 to both sides of the stem body was not observed in Wnt5a- or Dvl-depleted cells, while depletion of CHMP4B did not affect the localization of FLAG–Fz2 (Fig. 8A,B; supplementary material Fig. S8A). Thick microtubule bundles stained with Glu-tubulin were observed in CHMP4B-depleted cells as well as control cells (supplementary material Fig. S8B), suggesting that the stabilization of microtubules does not require CHMP4B. It is known that vesicular internalization is re-activated in late mitosis for membrane proteins to be trafficked to the midbody (Schweitzer et al., 2005). The Rab11-mediated recycling pathway, which depends on microtubules, is shown to be involved in the midbody accumulation of endosomes (Wilson et al., 2005). The localization of FLAG–Fz2 to the midbody was indeed decreased in Rab11- but not Rab5-depleted cells (Fig. 8A,B; supplementary material Fig. S8A). The absence of FLAG–Fz2 signal did not simply reflect lack of its expression in Wnt5a-, Dvls-, or Rab11-depleted cells, because FLAG–Fz2 was observed in the cytoplasm of dividing cells (see Fig. 8A). Therefore, Fz2 might be trafficked to the midbody in a Rab11-dependent manner presumably along stabilized microtubules. All of these results suggest that Wnt5a signaling determines the localization of Fz2 to both sides of the stem body and controls the proper localization of ESCRT-III.
Emerging evidence suggests interesting roles for Wnt signaling in mitotic progression. Cycling-Y binds to and mediates the phosphorylation of LRP6, resulting in activation of the β-catenin-dependent pathway that is required for G2/M transition (Davidson et al., 2009). We also reported that Fz2, LRP6, and Dvl2 are required for mitotic spindle orientation, which is an event in early mitotic phase (Kikuchi et al., 2010). The present study showed a novel function of Wnt5a signaling, which activates the β-catenin-independent pathway, in cytokinetic abscission by positioning ESCRT-III at the midbody through the stabilization of midbody microtubules. Our findings provide the first evidence that the Wnt5a-mediated β-catenin-independent pathway functions in later mitotic phases.
Microtubule-dependent localization of Fz2 and Dvl2 to the midbody is regulated by Wnt5a
Overexpressed and endogenous Dvl2 were localized to the stem body at telophase. In addition, Fz2 accumulated on the stem body at early telophase and relocated to both sides of the stem body at late telophase. We further observed the localization of Dvl and Fz2 by using SIM microscopy and demonstrated that they show unique structures in the midbody. Dvl was not merely accumulated to the interior of the midbody but made web-like structures. This structure might contribute to make open interphase to bind to other proteins that are involved in abscission. As previously reported, Dvl oligomerizes via its DIX domain (Kishida et al., 1999; Schwarz-Romond et al., 2007), and therefore it is intriguing to speculate that oligomerization might be required for the structure formation and efficient stabilization of midbody microtubules. SIM image also revealed that Fz2 forms discontinuous ring structures at late telophase. This structure strikingly resembles with CHMP4B at the midbody (Elia et al., 2011), and we demonstrated that the similarity in the localization of Fz2 and CHMP4B is related with their roles in cytokinesis (see below).
The localization of Dvl to the stem body was dependent on microtubules, because depletion of EB1 interfered with it. The localization of Fz2 to the stem body might be also dependent on microtubules, because it required Rab11, which is involved in microtubule-mediated trafficking of endosomal proteins to the midbody (see below). It has been demonstrated that Dvl is recruited to Fz2 on cell surface membranes in response to Wnt3a to activate the β-catenin-dependent pathway in interphase cells (Bilic et al., 2007). Because disruption of microtubules did not affect Wnt3a signaling (Sakane et al., 2010), it is unlikely that the binding of Dvl and Fz2 depends on microtubules in the activation of the β-catenin-dependent pathway. On the other hand, our data showed that Wnt5a, Fz2, and Ror2, but not LRP6, are required for the accumulation of Dvl2 to the stem body, suggesting that Wnt5a signaling positions Dvl to the midbody. Therefore, the trafficking of Dvl and Fz2, which depends on microtubules, might be specific in the Wnt5a-mediated β-catenin-independent pathway during cytokinesis.
Evidence has accumulated that Dvl stabilizes microtubules. Neurons from Dvl1 knockout mice developed a dendritic arbor of lesser complexity than neurons from wild-type mice (Rosso et al., 2005) and did not undergo growth cone remodeling to form synapses in response to Wnt probably through a failure of microtubule stabilization (Purro et al., 2008). Moreover, it was reported that Dvl inhibits GSK3β locally, resulting in changes in the phosphorylation levels of GSK3β targets, such as the microtubule-associated protein 1B, thereby regulating the stabilization of microtubules (Ciani et al., 2004) and that the binding of Dvl to adenomatous polyposis coli gene product (APC) increases the number of microtubules at the cell cortex (Matsumoto et al., 2010). Consistent with these results, our results suggest that Wnt5a signaling through Fz2, Ror2, and Dvl may be involved in the stabilization and bundling of midbody microtubules, resulting in the positioning of Fz2 and Dvl to the midbody. Alternatively, Wnt5a signaling may regulate the localization of some microtubule-interacting proteins, including Cep55, protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (Prc1), kinesin family member 4 (Kif4), and Mklp2, rather than the stabilization of midbody microtubules itself, because these proteins contribute to the stabilization of midbody microtubules in the process of the midbody assembly by accumulating at the midbody and relocating into different parts of the midbody. Taken together, Wnt5a signaling to position Fz2 and Dvl at the midbody and the stabilization of midbody microtubules might couple functionally to complete membrane scission.
Similar spatial localization of Fz2 and CHMP4B at the midbody
The ESCRT-III protein CHMP4B was shown to move dynamically during cytokinesis (Elia et al., 2011). At the initial stage of cytokinesis Cep55, Tsg101, and CHMP4B are assembled at the midbody. Then, CHMP4B relocates outward to the constriction zone by polymerizing into a spiral, leading to the separation of two cells. Our results showed that centralspindlin and ESCRTs were observed in the midbody in Wnt5a- or Dvl-depleted cells where the stabilization of microtubules is decreased. One possible scenario is that their localization is not solely dependent on microtubules or that thin midbody microtubules might be sufficient to assemble them at the stem body, because midbody microtubules still formed intercellular bridges in Wnt5a- or Dvl-depleted cells. However, depletion of Wnt5a or Dvls and destabilization of microtubules impaired the proper localization of CHMP4B to both sides of the stem body at late telophase, thereby causing the failure of cytokinetic abscission. Fz2 showed the similar localization to CHMP4B and both proteins form a complex in a Wnt5a-dependent manner, suggesting that Fz2 directly contributes to the proper localization of CHMP4B. Consistently, depletion of Fz2 impaired the proper localization of CHMP4B, but CHMP4B was not required for the localization of Fz2.
Fz2 was located to the cell surface membranes from prometaphase to anaphase, but it disappeared from there and accumulated on the midbody at early telophase. In late telophase, Fz2 as well as CHMP4B relocated to both sides of the stem body as well as CHMP4B. Vesicular internalization has been shown to be re-activated from anaphase for membrane proteins to be trafficked to the midbody (Schweitzer et al., 2005). Rab11-containing endosomes have been shown to accumulate in the midbody and are required for cytokinesis (Wilson et al., 2005). The membrane trafficking by Rab11 in cytokinesis is dependent on microtubules through kinesin (Lin et al., 2002; Montagnac et al., 2008). Our results showed that depletion of Rab11 interferes with the midbody localization of Fz2. Therefore, it is intriguing to speculate that Fz2 is internalized in early telophase and accumulates on the midbody in a microtubule-dependent manner probably through Rab11.
It is important for abscission that CHMP4B concentrates on both sides of the stem body with appropriate timing. Wnt5a signaling through Fz2, Ror2, and Dvl might be required for the functional localization of ESCRT-III to both sides of the stem body, and especially Fz2 might have an important role in this event. As a novel function of Wnt5a-mediated β-catenin-independent signaling, it stabilizes midbody microtubules, thereby controlling cytokinesis.
Possible mechanism by which Wnt5a signaling regulates cytokinesis
Taken together, one possible model of Wnt5a-regulated cytokinesis is as follows (supplementary material Fig. S9). At early telophase Fz2 is accumulated to the stem body in a Rab11-dependent manner and Wnt5a signaling controls the accumulation of Dvl to the stem body. Accumulated Fz2 and Dvl2 at the midbody enhance the stabilization of midbody microtubules, which contributes to their efficient localization to the midbody. At late telophase Fz2 relocates to both sides of the stem body and Wnt5a signal strengthens the binding of Fz2 and CHMP4B, thereby positioning CHMP4B to both sides of the stem body to lead to complete abscission.
A recent study showed that a secreted extracellular matrix protein, hemicentin, regulates cytokinesis (Xu and Vogel, 2011), giving an example of the notion that a secreted ligand and its receptor-mediated signaling is involved in cytokinesis. Therefore, the present data may give another example of the involvement of secreted ligand-activated signaling in cytokinesis.
Materials and Methods
Materials and chemicals
pCS2/FLAG-Dvl2 and mCherry-LC3 were kindly provided by R. Habas (UMDNJ Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA) and T. Yoshimori (Osaka University, Osaka, Japan), respectively. pEGFP-N1/CHMP4B and pBjMyc/Tsg101 were from M. Maki (Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan). pEGFP-C1/α–tubulin was from K. Kaibuchi (Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan). pCS2/FLAG-Fz2 and pEGFPC1-Dvl2, pCGN/Dvl2 and pPGK-neo-Wnt5a were constructed as described (Kishida et al., 2007; Sato et al., 2010). Standard recombinant DNA techniques were used to construct pEGFP-C1/Tsg101 and pCGN/Fz2. GFP-Dvl2 and FLAG-Fz2 cDNAs were cloned into pLvSIN to construct lentiviral vectors (Takara Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan). The lentiviruses were produced in X293T cells by using Lenti-X™ Lentiviral Expression Systems (Takara Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan) according to manufacturer's instructions.
Both Wnt3a and Wnt5a were purified to homogeneity as described previously (Kishida et al., 2004; Komekado et al., 2007; Kurayoshi et al., 2007). All of the primary antibodies used in this study are listed in supplementary material Table S1. Secondary antibodies coupled to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were purchased from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Bar Harbor, ME, USA and secondary antibodies used for immunofluorescence were from Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY, USA.
Cell culture and transfection
HeLaS3, U2OS, X293T, MEF, and MDA-MB-435 were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS and penicillin-streptomycin. HEK293T cells were maintained in DMEM/Ham’s F12 supplemented with 10% FBS and penicillin-streptomycin. U2OS stably expressing GFP–Dvl2 or HeLaS3 stably expressing mouse Wnt5a were generated by transfecting pEGFPC1/Dvl2 or pPGK-neo-Wnt5a, respectively, and the cells were selected and maintained in the same medium with parental cells containing 400 µg/ml G418. To generate HeLaS3 cells stably expressing GFP–Dvl2 or FLAG–Fz2, 50,000 parental cells/well in 12-well plates were treated with lentiviruses and 10 µg/ml polybrene, centrifuged 1000 rpm for 1 h and incubated for a further 24 h. Then, the cells were selected and maintained in the same medium with parental cells containing 400 µg/ml G418. MEFs were prepared from E13.5 embryos using a 3T3 protocol (Todaro and Green, 1963) and were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS. To express proteins transiently, plasmids were transfected in cells using Lipofectamine LTX (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY, USA) for HeLaS3 cells and Lipofectamine 2000 for HEK293T cells.
Treatment of cells with siRNA
In analyses with siRNAs for randomized control, Wnt5a, Fz2, LRP6, Ror2, Dvl1, Dvl2, Dvl3, EB1, Rab5, Rab11a, and Rab11b in HeLaS3 cells, the following target sequences were used. Randomized control, 5′-CAGTCGCGTTTGCGACTGG-3′; Wnt5a-1, 5′-GTTCAGATGTCAGAAGTAT-3′; Wnt5a-2, 5′-CTGTGGATAACACCTCTGT-3′; Fz2, 5′-CGGTCTACATGATCAAATA-3′; LRP6, 5′-ATTGCCCATCCTGATGGTA-3′ and 5′-CCAAAGTCCAAGCTCGAAT-3′; Ror2, 5′-GCAACCTTTCCAACTACAA-3′; Dvl1-1, 5′-GGAGGAGATCTTTGATGAC-3′; Dvl2-1, 5′-GGAAGAAATTTCAGATGAC-3′; Dvl3-1, 5′-GGAGGAGATCTCGGATGAC-3′; Dvl1-2, 5′-CCAAGATTATCTACCACAT-3′; Dvl2-2, 5′-GCTGGTGTCCTCAGATAAT-3′; Dvl3-2, 5′-CCAGCTATAAGTTCTTCTT-3′; EB1, 5′-GTGAAATTCCAAGCTAAGC-3′; CHMP4B, 5′-GGACATCGATAAAGTTGAT-3′; Rab5, 5′-AAGGCCGACCTAGCAAATA-3′; Rab11a, 5′-GCGATATCGAGCTATAACA-3′; Rab11b, 5′-GCACCTGACCTATGAGAAC-3′. The target sequences of siRNA for Dvl1, Dvl2, and Dvl3 in MEF cells were 5′-GGAGGAGATCTTCGATGAC-3′, 5′-GGAAGAGATCTCCGATGAC-3′, 5′-GGAAGAGATCTCGGACGAC-3′, respectively.
HeLaS3 and MEF cells were transfected with a mixture of siRNAs against genes of interest at 20 nM each using RNAiMAX (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY, USA) and the cells were used for experiments at 72 h post-transfection. When necessary, after 48 h siRNA transfection, cells were transfected with plasmid cDNA and then the cells were analyzed a further 24 h after transfection.
Cell staining and image analysis
For cell staining and image analysis, cells were seeded on coverslips and fixed with 100% methanol for 20 min at −20°C. The cells were then washed three times with PBS, blocked for 20 min with 1% BSA in phosphate-buffered saline including 0.05% Tween-20 (PBST), and further incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. After the cells were washed three times with PBS, they were incubated with fluorescent secondary antibodies for 1 h at RT. Coverslips were washed extensively with PBS and then mounted in 50% glycerol in PBS. Processing and measurements were carried out using an LSM510 system (Carl Zeiss Microscopy Co., Ltd, Jena, Germany) and ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, MD) except for time-lapse images. The same magnification of scale bars was used in a series of panels such as Fig. 1A.
For time-lapse imaging, an inverted microscope (IX81; Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) was used. In Fig. 1D, supplementary material Fig. S1B, and supplementary material Movies 1, 2, the images were captured every 3 or 5 min for 12 h and treated with MetaMorph software (MDS Analytic Technologies, Tokyo, Japan). In Fig. 3C, thin (0.1 µm) Z-stacks of high-resolution images were collected in three rotations for each midbody using an ELYRA S1 microscope, and then images were reconstructed using ZEN software (Carl Zeiss Microscopy Co., Ltd, Jena, Germany). All measurements were performed on reconstructed images of single z-sections in ZEN.
In Fig. 5B,C, integrated fluorescence intensity of Glu-tubulin (detyrosinated α-tubulin) or EB1 of intercellular bridge area and that from perinuclear cytoplasmic region (1×1 µm square) adjacent to intercellular bridge in Wnt5a- Dvls- or EB1-depleted HeLaS3 cells were measured by ImageJ software and the ratio of the former to the latter was calculated and shown as arbitrary unit.
Counting of multinucleated cells
Cells were washed with PBS, and then fixed for 10 min with cold methanol at −20°C before staining with an anti-β-tubulin antibody and PI. Individual cells were carefully determined by taking Z-stack images from 0.5 µm-thick sections of area. All processing and measurements were carried out using an LSM510 system with Axiovision. In each experiment multinucleated cells among more than 150 cells, where microtubules and nuclei were visible clearly, were counted.
Immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation
Methods for immunoblotting and immunoprecipitation were described previously (Hino et al., 2005). Briefly, to immunoprecipitate proteins, cells were washed once with PBS and lyzed in lysis buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl at pH 7.5, 150 mM NaCl, 2 mM EGTA, 0.5% NP40 with protease inhibitors (1 mM phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, 1 µg/ml leupeptin, and 1 µg/ml aprotinin) for 10 min on ice. After centrifugation, the supernatant was collected, and incubated with appropriate antibodies and 30 µl of protein-G–Sepharose (50% slurry). The mixtures were placed on a rotary mixer for 1.5 h at 4°C. The beads were then washed four times with lysis buffer and finally suspended in Laemmli’s sample buffer.
Quantitative real-time PCR
Total RNA was isolated from HeLaS3 cells treated with siRNA for Fz2 for 72 h. RNA sample (2 µg) was subjected to reverse transcription using murine leukemia virus reverse transcriptase (PE Applied Biosystems) in a total volume of 20 µl. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was performed using a LightCycler (Roche Molecular Biochemicals). Aliquots (2.5 µl) of the reverse transcription products were amplified in a reaction mixture (10 µl) containing LightCycler FastStart DNA Master SYBR Green I, 1 µM primer, and 2 mM MgCl2. Forward and reverse primers were as follows: human GAPDH, 5′-CCTGTTCGACAGTCAGCCG-3′ and 5′-CGACCAAATCCGTTGACTCC-3′; human Fz2, 5′-GAGCGTGATTGTGCTG-3′ and 5′-GCTCTGGGTAGCGGAA-3′.
Experiments were performed at least three times and the results were expressed as means ± s.e.m. Statistical analysis was performed using StatView-J 5.0 software (SAS Institute Inc.). Differences between the data were tested for statistical significance using t-tests. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
We are grateful to Drs R. Habas, M. Maki, and T. Yoshimori for donating cDNAs. We also thank Dr A. Sato for lentiviral production and the Center for Medical Research and Education in Osaka University for imaging using an ELYRA S1 microscope.
This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) (2009, 2010 and 2011) [grant number 212490170 to A.K.], for Scientific Research on Priority Areas (2011) [grant number 23112004 to A.K.], and for Young Scientists (B) (2010, 2011) [grant number 22700881 to K.K.] from the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Japan, and by The Nagase Foundation (2011) [to A.K.]. | <urn:uuid:a0c27947-430a-4a9b-9446-bd227011d5a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/125/20/4822/33311/Wnt5a-signaling-controls-cytokinesis-by-correctly | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.927763 | 10,104 | 1.734375 | 2 |
The Rhode Island Sea Grant Program is a federal-state-university partnership, based at the University of Rhode Island, which designs and supports research, outreach, and education programs that foster coastal and marine stewardship. The Program focuses its efforts in two core thematic areas: Sustainable Coastal Communities & Ecosystems (SUCCESS) and Sustainable Fisheries. The SUCCESS Extension Program works to assist coastal communities with natural disaster preparedness, to help urban communities manage their coastal resources, and aid in the development of coastal and waterfront smart growth principles. The Sustainable Fisheries Extension Program conducts applied research on fisheries issues, engages stakeholders in fisheries management, and creates a neutral platform for discussing innovative fisheries management ideas. In addition to its Extension efforts, Sea Grant supports adult learning, as well as graduate and undergraduate education opportunities.
The Sea Grant Program has also contributed to a major success story in the cod and haddock fisheries. Research sponsored by the two programs led to the development of the Eliminator Trawl—new gear that is extremely effective at reducing bycatch of cod, a fishery that has been overharvested, while allowing the capture of haddock, a recovered fishery. Use of the Eliminator Trawl nets has become widespread, boosting Northeast fishery economics by opening previously closed haddock areas and allowing further recovery of the cod fishery.
Coming up in February: the Inner Space Center will open its door to the public to explore the latest deep-sea explorations, including ancient shipwreck artifacts from previous expeditions, and listen in as scientists make their next discoveries. This 45-minute tour of the Inner Space Center is designed for members of the public. The Inner Space Center is an international hub for ocean science exploration and education. These tours are offered on the first Tuesday of each month. The cost is $5 per participant. Space is limited to 20 people and reservations are required. | <urn:uuid:5d3bc3c6-d654-46e8-9b58-932a1c2b48c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brokensewerpipeprovidence.com/university-of-rhode-islands-coastal-program/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.951447 | 385 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Definition of Coccidia
Coccidia are a group of internal parasites that most often live in the cells that line the gastrointestinal tract. They can also infect the liver and other organs. Coccidia parasites infect many domestic animals. Certain species of coccidia are extremely infectious to people, as well. These internal parasites cause intestinal inflammation (enteritis) in all species that they infect, although the course and severity of symptoms can vary quite a bit. Coccidiosis is an economically significant disease of sheep, cattle, pigs, poultry, rabbits and goats. It affects, but usually is less severe clinically, in fish, horses, dogs and cats. | <urn:uuid:94428275-f8a1-4734-a00d-4081ab3eebac> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.petwave.com/Dogs/Health/Coccidia-Infection.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00300-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931889 | 133 | 3.671875 | 4 |
Recently back from a canoe camping trip to the Adirondacks, I spent some time thinking about how different our trip was from the canoe trips described by George Washington Sears (he died in 1890) who wrote about his paddling adventures around the Adirondack lakes in the magazine Forest and Stream magazine, which was published from 1873 to 1930. Reports on three of his trips when he was in his early sixties were published as a book in 1962 and reprinted in 1993 as a more critical edition titled Canoeing the Adirondacks with Nessmuk: the collected letters of George Washington Sears. Sears, who wrote under a pen name, Nessmuk, the name of his Indian friend, which means wood drake, a type of duck, in the Algonquin language, preferred light weight camping. And, he paddled what by today’s standards would be considered an ultra light weight canoe, weighing less than 15 pounds, and only about 10 feet in length.
But reading Nessmuk’s accounts of the Adirondacks while we were in the Adirondacks, I came to understand what has changed, and what has not. And those differences say something not only about the 6 million acres that make up the Adirondacks but about us, as tourists of the great forests, as canoeists and most importantly, as human beings.
The Adirondacks were not even made a state park until 1892 and by then had been heavily logged for timber as well as for leather tanning. But when Sears plied the waters there were not yet restrictions on cutting down a tree to make a lean-to. Our trip to Follensby Clear Pond, between the Saranac Lakes and the St. Regis chain of lakes, restricted our camping to a designated camp site and also included a strict rule of using only “downed or dead timber” for camp fires.
Nessmuk was a master woodsman, skilled in the art of bushcraft. He was able to create a shelter with the aide of his ax and able to provide food either from fishing or with the muzzle of his rifle. In his light weight canoe, though, he tended to rely on fishing, since hooks, line and a pole weighed precious little.
As I surveyed our own camp site with its three tents, kitchen and two canoes, I could not help but be wistful for a simpler time. We, like the tourists Sears criticized, traveled to the forests of the Adirondacks to enjoy a nature experience and to simply get away, in a way that traveling to a hotel or resort could not provide. Nonetheless, our ability to immerse ourselves on an island in the middle of Follensby Clear Pond surrounded by quite possibly virgin forest, hemlock and pine trees towering about 100 feet over us deep in the depths of the Adirondack State Park, was totally enabled by modern technology.
First of all, we drove there, covering almost 300 miles in about five and a half hours. Our tents were made of synthetic materials with aluminum poles that collapsed but were held together themselves with elastic threading. Our boats were plastic, one even made from ultra light weight Kevlar material. We cooked aided by a canister of compressed gas, burning iso-butane fuel and we stretched a blue plastic tarp over our cooking space to shield the wind and rain. True, we did make a camp fire twice a day and did our best to start the fire with one match or two after gathering tinder and kindling. But, at one point, frustrated with my inabilities at keeping the fire going, I doused the wood with hand sanitizer and watched the flames reawaken and dance merrily. And all three of us smiled when we realized that we had cell phone reception on our island campsite in the middle of the wilderness, even if the reception was spotty at times.
So was our trip a true nature experience? We did endure some of the privations that Nessmuk described, such as mosquitoes. But we reached for our store bought insect repellent. Sears created and publicized the recipe for his own insect repellent concoction, cooking a mixture consisting of castor oil, tar and pennyroyal and applied it liberally to the skin with instructions to his readers not to wash it off themselves until they were out of the woods. And, like Sears, we did carry our canoes and all our gear from one lake to the next, but in our case, wishing we had less to carry. But one area where our misery probably equaled his was canoeing in the rain, becoming thoroughly soaked, a scene he described frequently (we either were late in donning rain jackets, or, they did not provide complete rain protection).
In Sear’s day, tourists hired guides to row them in heavy wooden dorries, carry the boats from lake to lake over the trails and set up camp and prepare food. The tourists did crave a wilderness experience. If they didn’t, they could have remained back at the great camp lodge, with many of the conveniences a home provided in the late 1800s. Nonetheless, he criticized them for taking too much stuff with them. Sears himself traveled with a very light weight pack, weighing less than about 15 pounds he writes, although some question the accuracy of his estimate. His pack consisted of an extra shirt and pair of socks, a blanket for sleeping, a knife and hatchet, fishing tackle and pole, homemade insect repellent, and a few other items. He probably carried some food with him but also relied on fishing and hunting. He took no tent as he made his own shelter from trees, trunks and branches.
We did not over pack but could have packed lighter. But even if we packed lighter, we could still not have done without modern technology. Sears never wrote about water purification. And, while some will argue that the waters of the Adirondack lakes do not require sterilization, being children of modernity, we erred on the side of caution and used an ultra violet light Steri-pen device. Furthermore, we could not have found enough appropriately sized ‘downed or dead’ wood to make our own shelter even if we wanted to and fortunately, with the rain we experienced, we had solid rain proof shelters. We could have tried to cook only with a campfire, but would first have had to master the art of creating reliable camp fires.
The Adirondacks have changed since the time of George Washington Sears. Now a New York State Park, the land comes with rules and regulations. But we, as people, have fundamentally changed in our increasing dependence on more and more advanced technology. This is not an indictment of modern society. Man has always craved, even depended on, better and better methods for producing food, shelter, and simply surviving.
I do not think that one has to have experienced the measles to appreciate the measles vaccine, or, develop frostbite to appreciate warm winter socks and gloves. And having been cold and wet, I can tick that wilderness experience off of my list. Yet, on the whole, I would still argue that when we enter the wilderness but temper our backcountry privations with the tools of modernity, we risk losing something intangible and irreplaceable. Our experience begins to approach a virtual experience. The food is the same, the shelter is clearly a modern machination even if we sleep in a sleeping bag on the ground, and even our mode of transportation feels high tech, sitting in an ultra light weight canoe made of space age plastic.
Zeroing in on an authentic and satisfying nature experience that includes modern technologies is truly a balance. Our early hominin ancestors embraced new technologies at every opportunity even if it was only a better stone tool. The American Indians eventually embraced the rifle and the horse when they came into contact with these new tools. And we continue to upgrade from a pen and ink to a fountain pen to a ball point pen to a typewriter to a word processor to a desk top computer to a lap top to a smart phone. But isn’t part of the reason for diving back into nature to leave most of that, or at least some of those modern trappings, behind?
Maybe yes, maybe no. Each person has her or his own reason for leaving their warm bed and 120 volt electrical outlets and stepping under the forest canopy of tall trees, big sky and a seemingly never ending ceiling of twinkling stars. But even then, when we gaze toward the celestial heavens, we have to wonder, are we looking at a timeless star’s ancient light, or is that sparkling star just the orbiting international space station reflecting the light of the sun.
Howard E. Friedman | <urn:uuid:476cb080-4ffe-4c53-a955-640ca3b4ac45> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thewalkahead.com/2015/07/15/the-adirondacks-135-years-later/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.976261 | 1,811 | 2.421875 | 2 |
[Source: Science, full page: (LINK). Abstract, edited.]
Published Online November 22 2012 / Science 21 December 2012: Vol. 338 no. 6114 pp. 1631-1634 / DOI: 10.1126/science.1227270
Organization of the Influenza Virus Replication Machinery
Arne Moeller1,*, Robert N. Kirchdoerfer2,*, Clinton S. Potter1, Bridget Carragher1,†, Ian A. Wilson2,3,†
Author Affiliations: 1National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. 2Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. 3The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
* These authors contributed equally to this work.
Influenza virus ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) are central to the viral life cycle and in adaptation to new host species. RNPs are composed of the viral genome, viral polymerase, and many copies of the viral nucleoprotein. In vitro cell expression of all RNP protein components with four of the eight influenza virus gene segments enabled structural determination of native influenza virus RNPs by means of cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The cryo-EM structure reveals the architecture and organization of the native RNP, defining the attributes of its largely helical structure and how polymerase interacts with nucleoprotein and the viral genome. Observations of branched-RNP structures in negative-stain electron microscopy and their putative identification as replication intermediates suggest a mechanism for viral replication by a second polymerase on the RNP template.
Received for publication 11 July 2012. - Accepted for publication 26 October 2012. | <urn:uuid:64211dc8-b48e-4142-ab6f-4adb0eee68d5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://hygimia69.blogspot.com/2012/12/organization-of-influenza-virus.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00431-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.831015 | 405 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Our research group investigates Arctic radical chemistry through field measurements of trace gases and reactive radicals. We have developed and deployed spectroscopic instruments, including laser-based instruments using cavity ring-down spectroscopy and passive optical absorption instruments. Understanding of radical chemistry in the Arctic is critical for determining the fate of pollutants in the Arctic, including organics and mercury, and how this fate may change in a rapidly changing Arctic.
- Huff, D. M., P. L. Joyce, G. J. Fochesatto, W. R. Simpson, "Deposition of dinitrogen pentoxide, N2O5, to the snowpack at high latitudes", Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 4929–4938, 2011, doi:10.5194/acp-11-4929-2011.
- L. Krnavek, W. R. Simpson, D. Carlson, F. Domine, T. A. Douglas, M. Sturm (2012) The chemical composition of surface snow in the Arctic: Examining marine, terrestrial, and atmospheric influence. Atmospheric Environment, 50, 349-359.
- Fuchs, S., W. R. Simpson, R. L. Apodaca, T. Brauers, R. C. Cohen, J. N. Crowley, H. P. Dorn, W. P. Dubé, J. L. Fry, R. Häseler, Y. Kajii, A. Kiendler-Scharr, I. Labazan, J. Matsumoto, T. F. Mentel, Y. Nakashima, F. Rohrer, A. W. Rollins, G. Schuster, R. Tillmann, and A. Wahner (2012), Comparison of N2O5 mixing ratios during NO3Comp 2007 in SAPHIR, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 5, 2763-2777, doi:10.5194/amt-5-2763-2012.
- Pratt, K. A., K. D. Custard, P. B. Shepson, T. A. TDouglas, D. Pöhler, S. General, J. Zielcke, W. R. Simpson, U. Platt, D. J. Tanner, L. G. Huey, M. Carlsen, and B. H. Stirm (2013), Photochemical production of molecular bromine in Arctic surface snowpacks., Nature Geoscience, doi:10.1038/ngeo1779.
- B.A. 1988, Swarthmore College
- Ph.D. 1995, Stanford University
Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry
University of Alaska Fairbanks
Fairbanks, AK 99775-6160 | <urn:uuid:abe81643-33c2-4dc8-9720-78d254e74e5a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.uaf.edu/chem/faculty/wsimpson/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719155.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00332-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.667825 | 585 | 2.390625 | 2 |
|Insert logo hereINKA TRAIL
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welcome you to Perú, one of the most diverse tourist destinations in the world landscape, offers trips to Peru: Cusco, Machu Picchu, Lake Titicaca, Arequipa, Colca Canyon and the Amazon jungle, in other destinations. We can offer permanent assistance, customized itineraries, and the best service for your dream holiday in a friendly and easy to use website.
Peru, a tourist destination where you can find all climates of the world, which can offer you the chance to rediscover: its fascinating beaches, a wide range of cuisines and a rich history with thousands of archaeological sites scattered throughout its vast territory, its beautiful colonial paths, traditions and ancestral customs as well as indigenous communities deeply integrated to Pachamama (Earth Mother).
Puerto Maldonado is one of the jungles unique that under the well-deserved national recognition by Law No. 26 311 with the title "Capital of Biodiversity of Peru" Where you can see abundant flora, fauna and wildlife, is one of the greatest biodiversity on the planet.
Fall in love with its people, their beliefs, their daily experiences. Come to Perú and beyond a simple trip. .
The very famous, very noble, loyal and faithful city of Cuzco, the principal and head over the kingdoms of Peru. Issued in Madrid by Royal Decree of Carlos V on 19 July 1540.
In 1933 the Congress of Americanists held in the city of La Plata, Argentina declared the city as "Archaeological Capital of America"
In 1978, the 7th. Convention of Mayors of Major Cities World, held in the Italian city of Milan declared Cusco as "World Cultural Heritage.
December 09 1983 the Unesco in Paris, France declared the city of Cusco and especially its historic center as "Cultural Patrimony of Humanity."
The Peruvian State, in line said to Cusco on 22 December 1983, by Law N º 23765 as the "Tourist Capital of Peru" and "Cultural Patrimony of the Nation." Currently, the Constitution of 1993 states to Cusco as the "Historical Capital of Perú."
"Cusco, the historic capital of Latin America. Awarded by the Latin American Congress of Aldermen and Councilmen, in the city of Cuzco in November 2001.
On 7 July 2007, Machu Picchu was voted one of the 7 new wonders of the world.
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Footer information goes here, copyright 2010 | <urn:uuid:e831fa8d-98e9-478a-9258-ce3b04bd76ed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://webspace.webring.com/people/ji/inkatrail091/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00575-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917819 | 565 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Rai Durg, Telangana, India
Latitude and longitude coordinates are: 17.416315, 78.389847.
Rai Durg is a small town and one of the neighborhoods of Mehdipatnam, located near Hyderabad in Telangana, India. It is an old settlement established near Malaka Cheruvu lake in the middle ages. There are many old temples and a small castle, which is currently situated near a small cemetery. Rai Durg is known as the place where many annual trade fairs take place, and there are a few special venues for those have been arranged.
Where is Rai Durg, Telangana, India on Map?
Road map of Rai Durg, Telangana, India shows where the location is placed.
Satellite Map of Rai Durg, Telangana, India
Rai Durg, Telangana, India Lat Long Coordinates Info
The latitude of Rai Durg, Telangana, India is 17.416315, and the longitude is 78.389847. Rai Durg, Telangana, India is located at India country in the Towns place category with the gps coordinates of 17° 24' 58.7340'' N and 78° 23' 23.4492'' E.
|DMS Lat||17° 24' 58.7340'' N|
|DMS Long||78° 23' 23.4492'' E|
Coordinates of Rai Durg, Telangana, India is given above in both decimal degrees and DMS (degrees, minutes and seconds) format. The country code given is in the ISO2 format.
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- New Terhi, Uttarakhand, India (30.379999, 78.480003) | <urn:uuid:3f8eee01-22f3-4d50-9018-2540c0312455> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.latlong.net/place/rai-durg-telangana-india-24707.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.797832 | 676 | 1.78125 | 2 |
By Michael Haske
The ghosts of World War II continue to surface in remote corners of the globe.
Decades after the war in North Africa ended, another reminder of the early and uncertain days in that theater came to the attention of the media and excited historians with a snapshot of a pilot’s ordeal in the unforgiving Egyptian desert where he was forced to land a crippled fighter plane.
In May 2012, a Polish oil company worker happened upon the remains of a Curtiss P-40 Kittyhawk fighter, an American-built aircraft probably provided to Great Britain through lend-lease assistance as one of the frontline aircraft of the Royal Air Force during the North African campaign. The plane was believed to have been lost on June 28, 1942, when it was forced to land in the Sahara as its pilot, Flight Sergeant Dennis Copping, was ferrying the P-40 from one base to another for repairs to its landing gear that would not retract.
How Did The Crash Occur?
The arid desert climate preserved the plane remarkably well, and its discovery nearly 70 years after it was lost conjured up memories of the desperate fighting that had taken place in the spring and summer of 1942 as the Panzer Army Afrika under German Field Marshal Erwin Rommel pushed the British and Commonwealth forces of the Eighth Army steadily across miles of territory toward the Egyptian frontier.
By the end of the summer, the British, under their new commander, General Bernard L. Montgomery, were marshaling their forces for a counterstrike against Rommel. The resulting Battle of El Alamein commenced in October 1942 and produced a resounding Allied victory, one of the turning points in the war against Nazi Germany. The ordeal of Flight Sergeant Copping may have resulted from an effort to get all available British aircraft into fighting shape for the coming offensive.
According to military historian Andy Saunders during an interview with CNN, 24-year-old Flight Sergeant Copping apparently got lost and began flying in the wrong direction while a fellow RAF pilot of 260 Squadron tried to no avail to get his attention and correct his course. After Copping failed to recognize his error, the plane ran out of fuel and made a rough landing. The plane sustained some damage, its propeller and nose torn away and landing gear collapsed. A glimpse into the cockpit reveals surprisingly little interior damage. Instruments remain intact, and the aircraft frame appears structurally sound.
Slim Chance for Survival
Copping apparently survived for a while. Among the evidence that supports this contention is a parachute stretched to provide shade, indicating that he initially remained with the plane and tried to protect himself from the brutal Saharan sun.
“The parachute gives him shelter and a means to be identified from the air,” said Saunders. “The guy also would have had a little silver signaling mirror to attract passing aircraft and a pistol with a limited number of flares. His chances of survival were not good.”
RAF pilots typically flew without much in the way of rations. With the plane’s radio likely broken and little or no food and water, Copping may have eventually concluded that his only chance for survival was to walk away from the wreckage toward where he thought help might be found. No human remains have been located to date, and even today, the likelihood that those of Copping will be found seems remote. | <urn:uuid:44fa338e-ef2a-4e3f-b5fe-7a729719f5c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://warfarehistorynetwork.com/from-saharas-heart-unearthing-a-curtiss-p-40-kittyhawk/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.975341 | 682 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Warts on the big toe (Plantar warts)
|Classification and external resources|
A wart is a small, rough growth resembling a cauliflower or a solid blister. It typically occurs on humans' hands or feet but often in other locations. Warts are caused by a viral infection, specifically by one of the many types of human papillomavirus (HPV). There are as many as 10 varieties of warts, the most common considered to be mostly harmless. It is possible to get warts from others; they are contagious and usually enter the body in an area of broken skin. Warts are usually asymptomatic except when they occur on weight-bearing areas.
- Common wart (Verruca vulgaris), a raised wart with roughened surface, most common on hands, but can grow anywhere on the body. Sometimes known as a Palmer wart or Junior wart.
- Flat wart (Verruca plana), a small, smooth flattened wart, flesh-coloured, which can occur in large numbers; most common on the face, neck, hands, wrists and knees.
- Filiform or digitate wart, a thread- or finger-like wart, most common on the face, especially near the eyelids and lips.
- Genital wart (venereal wart, Condyloma acuminatum, Verruca acuminata), a wart that occurs on the genitalia.
- Mosaic wart, a group of tightly clustered plantar-type warts, commonly on the hands or soles of the feet.
- Periungual wart, a cauliflower-like cluster of warts that occurs around the nails.
- Plantar wart (verruca, Verruca plantaris), a hard sometimes painful lump, often with multiple black specks in the center; usually only found on pressure points on the soles of the feet.
Warts are caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV). There are about 130 known types of human papilloma viruses. HPV infects the squamous epithelium, usually of the skin or genitals, but each HPV type is typically only able to infect a few specific areas on the body. Many HPV types can produce a benign growth, often called a "wart" or "papilloma", in the area they infect. Many of the more common HPV and wart types are listed below.
- Common warts – HPV types 2 and 4 (most common); also types 1, 3, 26, 29, and 57 and others.
- Cancers and genital dysplasia – "high-risk" HPV types are associated with cancers, notably cervical cancer, and can also cause some vulvar, vaginal, penile, anal and some oropharyngeal cancers. "Low-risk" types are associated with warts or other conditions.
- High-risk: 16, 18 (cause the most cervical cancer); also 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 52, 58, 59, and others.
- Plantar warts (myrmecia) – HPV type 1 (most common); also types 2, 3, 4, 27, 28, and 58 and others.
- Anogenital warts (condylomata acuminata or venereal warts) – HPV types 6 and 11 (most common); also types 42, 44 and others.
- Low-risk: 6, 11 (most common); also 13, 44, 40, 43, 42, 54, 61, 72, 81, 89, and others.
- Flat warts – HPV types 3, 10, and 28.
- Butcher's warts – HPV type 7.
- Heck's disease (Focal epithelial hyperplasia) – HPV types 13 and 32.
Common warts have a characteristic appearance under the microscope. They have thickening of the stratum corneum (hyperkeratosis), thickening of the stratum spinosum (acanthosis), thickening of the stratum granulosum, rete ridge elongation, and large blood vessels at the dermoepidermal junction.
Gardasil 6 is an HPV vaccine aimed at preventing cervical cancers and genital warts. Gardasil is designed to prevent infection with HPV types 16, 18, 6, and 11. HPV types 16 and 18 currently cause about 70% of cervical cancer cases, and also cause some vulvar, vaginal, penile and anal cancers. HPV types 6 and 11 are responsible for 90% of documented cases of genital warts.
Gardasil 9, approved in 2014 protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58.
HPV vaccines do not currently protect against the virus strains responsible for plantar warts (verrucas).
The virus is relatively hardy and immune to many common disinfectants. Exposure to 90% ethanol for at least 1 minute, 2% glutaraldehyde, 30% Savlon, and/or 1% sodium hypochlorite can disinfect the pathogen.
||This section needs more medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. (November 2015)|
There are many treatments and procedures associated with wart removal. A review of clinical trials of various cutaneous wart treatments concluded that topical treatments containing salicylic acid were more effective than placebo. Cryotherapy appears to be as effective as salicylic acid, but there have been fewer trials.
- Salicylic acid can be prescribed by a dermatologist in a higher concentration than that found in over-the-counter products. Several over-the-counter products are readily available at pharmacies and supermarkets of roughly two types: adhesive pads treated with salicylic acid, and bottled concentrated salicylic acid solution.
- Imiquimod is a topical cream that helps the body's immune system fight the wart virus by encouraging interferon production. It has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for genital warts.
- Cantharidin, found naturally in the bodies of many members of the beetle family Meloidae, causes dermal blistering. It is used either by itself or compounded with podophyllin. Not FDA approved, but available through Canada or select US compounding pharmacies.
- Bleomycin is not US FDA approved and can cause necrosis of digits and Raynaud syndrome. The usual treatment is one or two injections.
- Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), like salicylic acid, is applied directly to the wart. Studies show this method is effective with a cure rate of 80%. But DNCB must be used much more cautiously than salicylic acid; the chemical is known to cause genetic mutations, so it must be administered by a physician. This drug induces an allergic immune response resulting in inflammation that wards off the wart-causing virus.
- Cidofovir is an antiviral drug which is injected into HPV lesions within the larynx (laryngeal papillomatosis) as an experimental treatment.
Another product available over-the-counter that can aid in wart removal is silver nitrate in the form of a caustic pencil, which is also available at drug stores. In a placebo-controlled study of 70 patients, silver nitrate given over nine days resulted in clearance of all warts in 43% and improvement in warts in 26% one month after treatment compared to 11% and 14%, respectively, in the placebo group. The instructions must be followed to minimize staining of skin and clothing. Occasionally pigmented scars may develop.
Several randomized, controlled trials have found that zinc sulfate, consumed orally, often reduces or eliminates warts. The zinc sulfate dosage used in medical trials for treatment of warts was between 5 and 10 mg/kg/day. For elemental zinc, a lower dosage of 2.5 mg/kg/day may be appropriate as large amounts of zinc may cause a copper deficiency. Other trials have found that topical zinc sulfate solution or zinc oxide are also effective.
A 2014 study indicates that lopinavir is effective against the human papilloma virus (HPV). The study used the equivalent of one tablet twice a day applied topically to the cervices of women with high-grade and low-grade precancerous conditions. After three months of treatment, 82.6% of the women who had high-grade disease had normal cervical conditions, confirmed by smears and biopsies.
Studies of fat-soluble garlic extracts have shown clearing in greater than 90% of cases. The extract is applied twice daily and covered with an adhesive bandage. Improvements show within 2–4 weeks and total clearing in an average of 6–9 weeks.
- Keratolysis, of dead surface skin cells usually using salicylic acid, blistering agents, immune system modifiers ("immunomodulators"), or formaldehyde, often with mechanical paring of the wart with a pumice stone, blade etc.
- Cryosurgery or cryotherapy, which involves freezing the wart (generally with liquid nitrogen), creating a blister between the wart and epidermal layer after which the wart and the surrounding dead skin fall off. An average of 3 to 4 treatments are required for warts on thin skin. Warts on calloused skin like plantar warts might take dozens or more treatments.
- Surgical curettage of the wart;
- Laser treatment – often with a pulse dye laser or carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. Pulse dye lasers (wavelength 582 nm) work by selective absorption by blood cells (specifically hemoglobin). CO2 lasers work by selective absorption by water molecules. Pulse dye lasers are less destructive and more likely to heal without scarring. CO2 laser works by vaporizing and destroying tissue and skin. Laser treatments can be painful, expensive (though covered by many insurances), and not extensively scarring when used appropriately. CO2 lasers will require local anaesthetic. Pulse dye laser treatment does not need conscious sedation or local anesthetic. It takes 2 to 4 treatments but can be many more for extreme cases. Typically, 10–14 days are required between treatments. Preventative measures are important.
- Infrared coagulator – an intense source of infrared light in a small beam like a laser. This works essentially on the same principle as laser treatment. It is less expensive. Like the laser, it can cause blistering pain and scarring.
- Duct tape occlusion therapy involves placing a piece of duct tape over the wart. The mechanism of action of this technique still remains unknown. Despite several clinical trials, evidence for the efficacy of duct tape therapy is inconclusive. Despite the mixed evidence for efficacy, the simplicity of the method and its limited side-effects leads some researchers to be reluctant to dismiss it.
Society and culture
A variety of traditional folk remedies and rituals claim to be able to remove warts.
The acrid yellow sap of Greater Celandine is used as a traditional wart remedy. The sap can be applied directly to the wart in a similar manner to concentrated salicylic acid solution, but in more modest quantities.
In The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Mark Twain has his characters discuss a variety of such remedies. Tom Sawyer proposes "spunk-water" (or "stump-water", the water collecting in the hollow of a tree stump) as a remedy for warts on the hand. You put your hand into the water at midnight and say:
Barley-corn, barley-corn, injun-meal shorts,
Spunk-water, spunk-water, swaller these warts
You then "walk away quick, eleven steps, with your eyes shut, and then turn around three times and walk home without speaking to anybody. Because if you speak the charm's busted." This is held to be superior to Huckleberry Finn's preferred remedy which involved throwing a dead cat into a graveyard. Another remedy involved splitting a bean, drawing blood from the wart and putting it on one of the halves, and burying that half at a crossroads at midnight. The theory of operation is that the blood on the buried bean will draw away the wart. Twain is recognized as an early collector and recorder of genuine American folklore.
Similar practices are recorded elsewhere. In Louisiana, one remedy for warts involves rubbing the wart with a potato, which is then buried; when the "buried potato dries up, the wart will be cured". Another remedy similar to Twain's is reported from Northern Ireland, where water from a specific well on Rathlin Island is credited with the power to cure warts.
A longstanding tradition holds that touching toads will cause warts. The most common Northern Hemisphere toads have glands that protrude from their skin that superficially resemble warts. Warts are caused by a virus, and toads do not harbor it.
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- HIV drug used to reverse effects of virus that causes cervical cancer University of Manchester, 17 February 2014.
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- Warts at About.com
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|Look up wart in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.|
- Wart photo library, Dermnet | <urn:uuid:0a74169d-14e6-4207-914f-705dedbc89b1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wart | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719566.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00262-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.812604 | 4,836 | 3.609375 | 4 |
The three parties of Germany’s likely new government have presented a coalition treaty that foresees a massive boost to renewable energy in general and in particular offshore wind, which is in line for a 70GW ambition for 2045.
The 178-page document works like a rule book for the next four years of the incoming government of election winner Olaf Scholz from the Social Democrats (SPD), with the Greens and liberal Free Democrats (FDP) as coalition partners. It still needs to be approved by all three parties at large to clear the way for Scholz to be elected Chancellor on 6 December.
The treaty lays down that Germany will raise the share of renewables in its power mix to 80% by 2030, compared to 65% planned so far.
It also increases a target for offshore wind to 30GW by 2030, compared to 20GW previously envisaged. Wind at sea should then be expanded further to 40GW in 2035, and 70GW in 2045.
“With ambition and perseverance, we will make our country a pioneer in climate protection,” Scholz said at a press conference in Berlin presenting the coalition treaty.
“With the consistent and rapid expansion of renewable energies, with an acceleration of planning law. We support industry in switching to climate-neutral production.”
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To achieve the ambitious offshore expansion, areas in Germany’s outer economic zone (far offshore North Sea) should be secured, and trans-national projects in the North and Baltic Seas will be promoted.
To boost the expansion in onshore wind – which had stalled in recent years due to permitting and planning bottlenecks – the next government plans to accelerate planning and permitting, as well as changing construction legislation to introduce a target to allocate 2% of Germany’s area for wind farms.
The incoming coalition plans to facilitate repowering “without a great permitting effort,” the treaty states.
The document also foresees to expand solar power to around 200GW by 2030, from 54GW at the end of 2020. To help the ambitious target, a solar mandate will be introduced on commercial new buildings, while solar roofs should be the norm on private new houses.
At the same time, the new government plans to give bio-energy a future and will work out a biomass strategy, as well as better use Germany’s geothermal potential.
Green Party co-leader and likely new minister for economics and climate, Robert Habeck, said that while the three parties didn’t decide to increase Germany’s emission reduction target of 65% by 2030 (from 1990 levels), they have calculated that with the measures to be introduced Germany will probably overshoot that target.
The coalition treaty states that Germany’s coal exit ‘ideally’ should be done by 2030, instead of the current target of 2035-38. The massive renewables expansion and the construction of new gas-fired power stations are supposed to help that.
It seems the Greens were not able to push through a binding earlier coal exit date due to the resistance of the SPD, which has a strong base in some of Germany’s lignite mining areas, and the FDP, which wants the market to push out coal via CO2 pricing.
With FPD leader Christian Lindner the likely new finance minister, it will also be near-impossible to finance the renewables expansion with new debt or too much state support, which could lead to tensions with the Greens in the future government.
Scholz’s SPD in elections on September 26 had become Germany’s most voted party with 25.7% (+5.2%), while the Greens won 14.8% (+5.8%), and the FDP 11.5% (+0.7%), ousting the government led by outgoing Chancellor Angela Merkel, whose Christian Democrats (CDU/CSU) suffered heavy losses. | <urn:uuid:36acc55a-3946-4313-a80c-218038c62b0b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://coalnewshubb.com/new-german-government-plans-70gw-offshore-wind-target-under-massive-renewables/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.948053 | 829 | 2.171875 | 2 |
The story of the life of Jesus Christ from his birth in Bethlehem to his crucifixion and subsequent resurrection. Filmed on a relatively grand scale, the film includes all of the major events referred to in the New Testament; his baptism by John the Baptist; the miracles – cripples walking, blind men seeing; the fishes and the loaves; and so on. The film actually begins with the Roman invasion by Pompey in 65 B.C., the appointment of King Herod the Great by the Romans and finally the crowning of Herod Antipas after he murders his father. The revolt led by Barrabas is also included and John the Baptist’s beheading as Salome’s price for dancing for Herod.
A recent screening of “King of Kings” at New York’s Museum of Modern Art (Gramercy Theater) proved the durability of this production. A sizable group of people were prepared to titter or howl at what they thought would be another mindless Biblical epic – instead, they were quickly absorbed and attentive to the film’s virtues: its reverence, economy, visual beauty, and especially Jeffrey Hunter’s quietly commanding Christ. Yes, this is still the good film based on the New Testament (with some subtle and searching script additions). Thanks still go to Nicholas Ray for his tactful, expert handling of a timeless story.
BRRip 720p | MKV | 1280 x 544 | x264 @ 2048 Kbps | 170 min | 2,85 Gb
Audio: English AC3 1.0 @ 224 Kbps | Subs: English (embedded)
Genre: Biography, Drama, History | <urn:uuid:8e3a4011-71db-4265-b23f-4e4856dda3c5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://rarefilm.net/king-of-kings-1961-nicholas-ray-jeffrey-hunter-siobhan-mckenna-hurd-hatfield-biography-drama-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00152-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956385 | 343 | 1.78125 | 2 |
When today’s educators talk about diversity, the conversation embraces so much more than ethnicity. Buffalo State, as part of the Year of the Teacher, is proud to cosponsor a free conference that will address cultural differences in the Buffalo Public Schools and Western New York. It is open to educators, parents, and the community. Registration is free but space is limited.
World without Borders: Embracing Cultural Differences was organized by the Ecumenical Community Outreach Committee. Daniel Velez, associate vice president for student success, is a member. "We hope that teachers and those who are interested in the education of children will attend," he said. "They can expect to learn new skills in managing, understanding, and appreciating diversity in the classroom."
Dr. Steve L. Robbins, a native of Vietnam and author of What If? Short Stories to Spark Diversity Dialogue, will give the keynote address. Robbins, nationally known as an expert on diversity, coined the term "unintentional intolerance" to explain how "nice, well-meaning people sometimes unconsciously do things that exclude others."
Guests can choose two of four workshops.
"Connecting Cultural Dots for Improved Learning" will explore the interplay between culture and individual learning style, and the implications for improving education in the diverse Buffalo Public Schools.
"Taste of Diversity: the Changing Face of Buffalo Youth" will discuss the demographics of the students attending Buffalo Public Schools. A panel discussion will address the issues faced by refugee children. Panelists include Molly Short, executive director of Journey’s End Refugee Services, and representatives of several refugee communities including the Somali Bantu community and the Nepali community.
"Through the Golden Door: Understanding and Celebrating Religious Diversity" will be presented by a panel of religious leaders representing Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Jewish, and Native American beliefs and traditions.
"Civil Engagement: Civility is the Name, Compromise Is the Game" will examine the relationship between members of different political parties and different cultural backgrounds, focusing on the importance of civility among elected officials in order to reach compromise.
"This is one way that Buffalo State supports the community initiative to address diversity in Western New York," said Velez.
The conference will be held at BlueCross BlueShield of Western New York, 257 West Genesee Street, Buffalo. Lunch is provided. Registration closes March 14. | <urn:uuid:0710d644-5e81-4bbe-aee0-a80e42808311> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://schoolofeducation.buffalostate.edu/news/conference-explains-how-embrace-difference | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00295-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945383 | 490 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Por favor, entre para curtir nosso conteúdo.
Normally, we think of surrender in one way. For example, I don’t know how many of you have seen the movie Life of Pi, but in it, the main character finds himself in the middle of the ocean without food, without water, and with nowhere to go. Eventually, in his desperation, he calls to the Creator and he says, “Okay! I give myself to you! I surrender!”
That’s one kind of surrender. But that’s not the surrender I am talking about. There is another form of surrender-aggressive surrender- which is when I can say to myself, "I am prepared and I am willing to do whatever I have to do in my work to learn how to get to spiritual elevation, to apply the tools, and to not fall back on my old habits of being a victim and saying things 'just happen'."
Because the truth is that things don’t ‘just happen.’ There is no such thing as a coincidence.
The kind of surrender I am talking about is having the certainty that if we dot all of our i’s and cross all of our t’s and we are on a spiritual journey doing spiritual work, and then life suddenly throws us a curveball, we need to understand that where we are is where we need to be in this moment in time—whether it’s because of something we did when we were younger or in a former lifetime, or because this specific situation will help us become something better than we are.
This is not the surrender that comes from a point of failure, although that is the surrender that most people make. After all, when do most people come to the Creator? Usually it is when they are missing something, when something happens to them, or when something occurs in their life that they don’t understand.
Dr. Larry Dossey, a medical doctor whom you may or may not be familiar with, is one of the world’s foremost experts on prayer research. He has written numerous books referencing many studies into prayer and science conducted over the past 15 years or so. The study I recently heard about consisted of a group of people who came together in a hospital setting to pray for the health of ill patients at that hospital. In this study, the researchers found scientific evidence that the people who were prayed for healed faster than the ones that weren’t prayed for.
The researchers said, “Okay, we get the concept. Prayer works. Let’s see if it works if we have people pray for patients from a distance, with nothing but concentration and a picture of the people they are praying for.” Guess what they found out? It worked! Almost the same result occurred whether the people who prayed were present or absent from the patients they were praying for. So distance didn't matter. Then the research team asked what would happen if instead of praying for healing, each of the participants prayed in his or her own way for “whatever the will of God might be.” They followed up on that line of research and amazingly, they found that the patients healed even faster.
Aggressive surrender means having certainty in spite of the darkness. It is the certainty to know that even when we see or experience difficulty, such as sickness, bankruptcy, a souring of family relations or whatever the problem might be, we can get the energy and perseverance to say, “I accept and surrender my being to a higher power that will drag me from this into something better.” Even if we may not know all of the reasons for the situation, we surrender with certainty. | <urn:uuid:b38a9a7f-b41b-4a0a-80b3-3e949c0ec476> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kabbalah.com/pt-br/articles/aggressive-surrender/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.969766 | 767 | 1.929688 | 2 |
A new study by GfK examines the buying behaviour of the 'Millennial Generation' across the world, taking in shoppers from the UK, Germany, Brazil, China, and more.
'The Shopper of the Future' reveals how young shoppers still appreciate brick and mortar shops (over half of respondents in each market think they will shop in-store as much as or more than they currently do so). However, the study also shows their high expectations of retailers, with most young shoppers expecting a 'gold standard' omnichannel experience, through which they can navigate seamlessly between physical and online stores.
This is highlighted by the growth of webrooming, in which customers research online before buying in-store - again, over half of young shoppers in each country do so, while a significant percentage of under 21-year-olds (especially compared to older shoppers) use mobile or tablet devices to research products.
Retailers can make the most of this omnichannel approach by replicating the social aspect of in-store shopping through engaging social media accounts. Customisation is also highly popular among young people compared to older shoppers; the Millennial Generation are happy to give personal data for a more tailored retail experience, so providing a truly personal approach can really have benefits.
"The Millennial Generation are happy to give personal data for a more tailored retail experience."
However, there are potential barriers to young shoppers buying online: the cost and reliability of delivery is a concern for consumers in developed markets, while security is a potential issue for those in developing markets. Building trust and offering benefits is crucial for incentivising young shoppers to buy online.
Download the whole report here to find out more about the shoppers of the future. | <urn:uuid:8b958038-0c4c-456c-8c15-b22dfd4e8e49> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.asendia.de/en/know-how-blog/the-shopper-of-the-future/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00353-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959839 | 350 | 1.882813 | 2 |
by Angus MacFarlane
Continuing the saga of early 20th century baseball in San Francisco and the much-mythologized story of fog-bound Ewing Field.
Ewing Field, 1914.
THE WINDING ROAD TO EWING FIELD
The 1912 season began auspiciously for the Seals with an 8-7, 11-inning victory over the Oaks before 15,000 fans—the largest crowd in Rec Park history—for their 12th opening day victory in a row. Five days later 12,000 East Bay celebrants watched their team defeat San Francisco in the morning game of the Sunday double-header. In the afternoon contest, 14,000 Seals partisans witnessed another Oaks victory at Recreation Park. This was Oakland’s sixth straight win since their opening day loss. They would win another seven consecutive games under their new manager, Bud Sharpe, before losing again. For the next six weeks Oakland would lead the league while San Francisco hovered between 3rd and 5th place.
On May 18, with Oakland in first place and the Seals firmly settled in fourth, the Call’s front page blared the headline:
SEALS SHAME CIVIC PRIDE Dollar Policy Queers the Game,
Results, Not Promises Are Demanded By Fans,
Owners Are Killing The Goose That Lays The Golden Eggs.
This was the first salvo in a weeklong series of Call hit pieces against the Seals. According to the Call, Ewing, Ish and other shareholders in the Recreation Park Association (the corporate name for the Seals and their holdings) were growing richer each year at the expense of the team.
The San Francisco baseball club has been a gold mine since the close of the season of 1908. The dollars have been rolling into the box office for five days a week and seven and a half months a year. And during this time San Francisco has captured one pennant—that in 1909. When we Seal rooters want to see a good game, we have to depend upon the Oakland team to give it to us. Oakland always puts a strong aggregation in the field. It has been a pennant contender for two years straight and is leading the league now.
It was public knowledge that Ewing still had a majority interest in the Oakland club and the sentiment of many readers who responded to the Call’s articles was that Ewing was obviously favoring his Oakland holdings over San Francisco. This completely and conveniently overlooked the fact that Ewing had surrendered all of his Oakland stock and voting rights to his trustee, Ed Walter, in 1906.
On September 22, while the Seals were in their accustomed place—a distant fourth to the front-running Oaks—the Chronicle broke the news that Ewing planned to build a new stadium on the triangular block bounded by Mission, Valencia and Army Streets across the street from St. Luke’s Hospital. The Seals would purchase the property outright. The planned stadium would be built of steel and concrete and would dwarf Recreation Park in outfield dimensions and in seating capacity— up to 20,000. The total cost for the new facility, including the purchase of the property (toward which $10,000 had been placed as a deposit) was over $250,000.
Sept. 22, 1912 SF Chronicle drawing of proposed new stadium.
A month later Oakland swept a double header from Los Angeles on the final day of the season to win its first pennant in the closest PCL race in history. Two days later Ewing went back east to inspect stadium designs.
The first two months of the post season were exceptionally eventful. On November 6 Harry Wolverton, the manager who had turned Oakland around in 1910 and 1911, was fired by the Yankees following a horrendous 50-102 season. Ten days later the Sacramento Senators hired him as their manager for “probably the highest salary in the league [for a player or a manager]”. The Grey Wolf immediately went to work signing players to improve on Sacramento’s last place finish in 1912.
Then, in a one-week stretch between December 5 and 12, the Bay Area baseball world was shaken as it hadn’t been shaken since 1906. In that week it was reported that Ewing’s new stadium plan was in jeopardy; Oakland finalized a deal for a new $150,000 stadium; “an unnamed syndicate” had leased Recreation Grounds for 20 years once the current lease expired on May 1, 1916; Ed Walter resigned as president of the Oakland Oaks.
The connection between all of these events was made clear in the Bay Area newspapers beginning December 9. Three days earlier, on Friday December 6, Ed Walter asked Cal Ewing to meet him. Whatever Ewing might have been expecting at this meeting, it definitely wasn’t what Walter presented.
While Ewing was preoccupied with stadium matters, Walter had carefully, and secretly, assessed the ballpark situation in San Francisco and concluded that there were no suitable locations for a new ballpark. Recreation Park was the only viable venue in the city. Walter then revealed to Ewing that he had used a respectable realty company as a front to obtain a 20-year renewal on Recreation Park’s lease beginning May 1, 1916. Through his front, Walter pointed out to the Judson Company that Ewing had already spent $10,000 toward the purchase of the Army Street site. Therefore he obviously would not be inclined to renew the Recreation Park lease in 1916. Accordingly, Walter made the Judson Company an offer they couldn’t refuse. Which they didn’t.
Armed with the 20-year lease, Walter laid all of his cards on the table. He told Ewing that he knew the Army Street stadium plan was fatally flawed, and that if Ewing and the Seals wanted to play baseball in San Francisco it could only be at Recreation Park. To that end, Walter offered to sell Ewing the lease. Up-front he demanded Ewing’s 10,000 shares of Oakland stock valued at $10 per share ($100,000) and a $6,000 “bonus”. Then he wanted monthly “rental” at $1,000 per month for the first five years of the 20-year lease ($60,000); $1,250 per month for the next five years ($75,000); and $1,500 monthly rental for the final ten years ($180,000) for a grand total of $421,000.
As leverage, Walter threatened Ewing that if he refused these terms, Walter would destroy his reputation by revealing his involvement in syndicate baseball. He gave Ewing till the following Monday to consider the deal.
Ewing immediately refused the blackmail terms.
Two days later Walter resigned as President of the Oakland baseball club. The following day, December 9, the blackmail scheme was all the news.
Ewing’s sense of betrayal was profound. It was no secret that he was a majority stockholder in both the Oakland and San Francisco clubs, but he reminded everyone that he had surrendered his Oakland interests to Walter in 1906 to act as his trustee. In fact, it was Ewing who had brought Walter into the Oakland organization in 1903 as club secretary. Ewing also reminded the public that he lost money on his Oakland holdings till the end of 1909 when it turned its first dividend. He had publicly joked that it was a white elephant that he couldn’t give away.
Over the years Walter became more than Ewing’s trustee for his Oakland interests; he was Ewing’s friend and confidante. It was in this capacity that Walter learned of Ewing’s stadium plans and problems, and used that confidentially obtained information to his advantage.
The Pacific Coast League was holding its annual meeting in Sacramento on December 9, the day that the blackmail story hit the papers. The league backed Ewing, recalling what he had done to save baseball in 1906 and his tireless work as PCL president. It passed a resolution affirming that there was no truth to Walter’s syndicalism charge.
Coming to Ewing’s defense, State Senator Frank Leavitt, a prominent Oakland stockholder, said of Walter’s role as president:
[Walter] has dictated the policy of the club, hired and fired managers, players and the like, and in fact has run the club himself. Not one of the directors or stockholders has ever interfered with his running the club.
Henry Berry, owner of the Los Angeles Angels also spoke out on Ewing’s behalf:
Three or four years ago he couldn’t give his stock away. The park deal was a flagrant hold- up and Walter cannot be criticized too severely for his actions.
The Call’s May hit pieces on how poorly the Seals were playing—and being managed— clearly documented that Ewing was in no way using his dual ownership to the Seals’ advantage—the legal definition of syndicalism.
The wild week ended with the Chronicle’s December 12 heading EWING WILL SELL HIS BASEBALL HOLDINGS AND TOUR WORLD. Truthfully, Cal Ewing wasn’t throwing in the towel and conceding defeat to Walter. The accompanying story explained that Ewing had promised his wife that he would retire from baseball after the end of the 1915 season.
It takes up all of my time and carries with it countless worries and cares. I will be 50 years of age by 1916 and think I have earned the right to rest and enjoy life for the rest of my days.
But before I do get out of the business, you can rest assured that San Francisco will have a modern ballpark and the affairs of the Coast League will be in ship-shape.E.N. Walter had planned to use the charge of syndicate baseball as a club to hold me up, but I came out with a clean breast of facts and nothing but the facts. I admitted that I and my uncle and partner, Frank Ish, owned the control of the San Francisco and Oakland clubs but I defy anyone to prove that I dictated in the running and policies of the Oakland club. Walter has not even stated that I took a hand in the affairs of the Oakland club.
On December 13 Ewing finally sold his stock in a deal “that had been hanging fire for many months and that the Walter controversy had nothing to do with it.”
Ewing was no fool and he had to have known from the very beginning that Recreation Park was inadequate. How long he had been seeking a new stadium site is not known, but undoubtedly he was looking for something at the expiration of Rec Park’s lease in 1916. The fatal flaw in the Army Street plan was a city ordinance prohibiting noise near hospitals. A ballpark across the street from St. Luke’s Hospital was in clear violation of that law.
While “men in close touch with real estate in San Francisco declare that there is no place available for big enough grounds to build a park,” Ewing maintained that he had other places in mind if the Army Street plan didn’t work out. If the other sites weren’t viable and Ewing was forced to remain at Recreation Park, he had contingency plans to renovate the field.
But that option was gone now that Walter had the lease. Walter may have indeed been right about Recreation Park. As of this moment, Ewing Field became an inevitability.
On April 5 Ewing argued before the San Francisco Board of Supervisors for a noise ordinance waiver. The hearing was continued to April 22 when the ordinance was upheld.
With the Army Street site now lost and his contingency plans for Rec Park dashed, Ewing found a new possibility on College Hill near the old St. Mary’s College on property owned by the Archdiocese of San Francisco. The church’s real estate agent also showed Ewing another College Hill site as well as two parcels the Church owned on Lone Mountain.
One was called St. Ignatius Stadium on the western side of Lone Mountain on the site of today’s Negoesco Soccer Stadium at Golden Gate and Parker Avenues. It measured 520 x 336 feet. The other site was a 550 x 550 foot parcel on the eastern side of Lone Mountain. Both sites were much larger than Recreation Park, but St. Ignatius Stadium had the dual liabilities of being exposed to the prevailing westerly winds and having a short right field.
In a fateful decision, Ewing chose the site across Masonic Avenue from Calvary Cemetery. The daily baseball news supplanted any stadium developments till the Chronicle headlined on October 11, 1913: SEALS NEW BASEBALL PARK LOCATED AT FOOT OF LONE MOUNTAIN Stands to Be Built in Time to Open Up Season of 1914
Recreation Park to be Torn Down
The Call added: SEALS AT LAST ASSURED OF SPLENDID NEW HOME
Ewing was quoted “It is absolutely certain that the year 1913 will be the end of baseball at Recreation Park. We expect to go to the grounds on Masonic Avenue.” The PCL season would end on October 26 followed by a mid-November visit by the New York Giants and Chicago White Sox who would play at Recreation Park on their around the world baseball tour. After the major leaguers left, Recreation Park would be dismantled with the lumber and grass going to the new park. Ewing concluded “Work will be started in plenty of time to ensure opening in the spring of 1914 at the new grounds, which will be patterned after the Oakland grounds.” The 550-foot by 550-foot parcel was over 300,000 square feet (6.9 acres), larger that both Recreation Parks combined.
Site of new Ewing Field at Masonic and St. Rose (red x marks the spot).
In a vital piece of municipal cooperation, the city gave permission for a spur streetcar track to be built from Geary to Turk and Masonic to handle the baseball crowds.
Ewing, ever foresightful and thinking of his patrons, announced two new amenities for the new stadium: sheds would be provided for “auto patrons” to park their cars for free; and two colored maids would be on hand to look after the fair patrons.
The site for Ewing’s new stadium on the eastern slope of Lone Mountain had an interesting history. In 1854, the same year that the San Francisco Chemical Works were being built on the site of the current home of the Seals, the city was faced with the problem of what to do with its increasing number of dead. Yerba Buena Cemetery, the city’s 14-acre cemetery bounded by McAllister, Market and Larkin Streets had filled and more room was needed.
That year private developers created a final resting place that was 25 times larger than Yerba Buena. Various religious denominations and fraternal organizations bought land for their members and the western cemeteries became a quilt of burial grounds. The Catholic Church owned a 49-acre plot called Calvary Cemetery, originally part of the much larger Lone Mountain Cemetery. Calvary was bounded by Turk and Geary Streets and Parker and St. Joseph’s Avenues.
As matters stood in 1914, the new stadium would be across Masonic Avenue from Calvary Cemetery and a block north of the 38-acre Masonic Cemetery. To the west of the stadium Lone Mountain rose about 160 feet above the playing field. On the western slope of Lone Mountain was the 27-acre Odd Fellow’s Cemetery. Approximately 100,000 were interred in these three sites.
The Seals’ 1913 finale at Recreation Park was on October 26, a 2-1 victory over the Venice Tigers, who had barely nudged the Seals out for 3rd place. Harry Wolverton’s Wolves were a surprising second.
Architectural plans for the new stadium were drawn up on October 30 and work began in earnest. Based on the six weeks it took to build Oakland’s new park (which had a similar design), the stadium was expected to be ready by February at the latest.
Also on October 30, an announcement appeared in the Examiner that undoubtedly drove strong men to strong drink: there would be no booze cage at the new field. The infamous fenced-off portion of the Recreation Park grandstand where patrons could freely imbibe and verbally assault the players was to be a thing of the past. No alcohol would be served at the new park.
On November 3 a 20-year lease with the archdiocese was signed. On November 11, Harry Wolverton became the owner of the Sacramento club.
Between November 13 and November 16 the White Sox and Giants played two games in Oakland and three at Recreation Park. In what was supposed to be the last baseball game ever played at the old ball yard, the White Sox defeated John McGraw’s New York Giants 5-4. Despite the loss, a karmic breakdown was rectified. John McGraw and his Giants were to have celebrated the opening of the Seals’ new park in 1907 but had been rained out. Now they participated in Recreation Park’s closing.
As the new year began, a steam shovel was brought in to dig into Lone Mountain’s sandy slope. Along with 25 to 30 four-mule teams doing the grading and leveling work, it was anticipated that in ten days the site would be ready for the planting of grass. (The decision had been made not to bring the sod from Recreation Park.) But first ten inches of soil nutrients would have to be added to the sterile sand. Ewing was proud of Recreation Park’s nationally acclaimed field and he wanted the new stadium to carry on the same tradition, but the planting was hampered by problems in obtaining the proper soil, as well as an especially rainy January. Despite these delays, Ewing was confident that the grandstands and bleachers would be ready for opening day, March 31.
The bad weather was causing delays and raising concerns. Some work could be done despite the weather, but as rainy day followed rainy day, it seemed less and less likely that there would be enough time for the ground to pack properly by opening day.
The construction contract for the grandstands and bleachers had been signed mid-January, but the start of actual work depended on the delivery of one million board feet of lumber. Once it arrived, the contractor was prepared to hire 300 carpenters and 100 laborers.
The rain finally stopped on January 28, but by then the cumulative effect of all the little delays made it doubtful that the stadium could open on time. The major concern was getting the playing surface in shape, which needed a long spell of dry weather. The next day the decision was made to open at Recreation Park—which hadn’t been torn down after the Giants and White Sox left. (Another opening day contingency plan had been to play at Oakland’s park.)
On March 20 Recreation Park was leased to the Olympic Club beginning May 1 for the two years remaining on the current lease.
The Examiner printed a photo of the field under construction on March 20, speculating that it would open on or about May 1. The seating capacity of 18,000 would be equally divided between the grandstand and bleachers. The grandstand would have actual seats—comfortable chairs—not benches as at Recreation Park. The stadium was designed to allow the addition of an upper deck, increasing the capacity to 23,000.
The continuing turf problem was finally resolved by replanting Rec Park’s turf on the new field. Ewing was adamant that there would never again be a grassless field in his stadium as there had been during the 1907 season.
With an opening day dedication of the new stadium impossible, it was Ewing’s wish to celebrate the inaugural of the new park with a Saturday game against the Oakland Oaks—the new park’s other tenant. The earliest opportunity would be April 25, but that would have been during an Oaks’ home stand, creating the awkward situation of the Seals being the visitors at their own house warming party. The next possibility would be May 16 with the Seals as the home team.
On March 31 most of the 11,000 opening day fans at Recreation Park were unhappy. Some were unhappy because they were at Recreation Park and not at the new stadium. Some were unhappy because the weather was cold and miserable. Some were unhappy because the Seals lost their second opener in a row. But most were unhappy because Cal Ewing, who had no intention of serving alcohol at the new stadium, didn’t renew Recreation Park’s liquor license for its few remaining days. The notorious “booze cage” was booze-less. Not that there weren’t dozens of liquor emporia within a stone’s throw of Recreation Park to slake the thirst of the disgruntled fans and loosen their opinionated tongues. It was the principle. Men had an absolute right to drink at baseball games. Who did Ewing think he was?
And what did a booze-less new ballpark portend? On April 9 the official announcement of the opening date of the still-unnamed new park was made: May 16.
The new facility received its official name on May 4: Ewing Field. According to the Sporting Life (May 16, 1914, page 24 vol. 63 no. 11)
San Francisco’s new ballpark is to be known as Ewing Field. While it has been understood all along that J. Cal Ewing would be honored to that extent, Cal himself has been somewhat backward in permitting the suggestion. His associates, however, decided last week that no more fitting title could be selected. Ewing has been so long identified with baseball in San Francisco and formerly in Oakland that the title comes easily to hand.
The final game played at Recreation Park on May 15 was “the coldest sort of day the fans have seen in many an afternoon”. The final final score posted on the old park’s scoreboard was San Francisco 7, Oakland 4.
1914: THE TRUTH IS BETTER THAN FICTION
Ewing Field hosted professional baseball for all of five months, yet some preposterous tales from that abbreviated season refuse to die. Two of the most fantastic and pervasive fables involve a player named Pete Daly setting a fire in the outfield for a couple of reasons, and another player, Elmer Zacher, becoming so disoriented and confused in the fog that the batboy had to be sent to retrieve him. However, no specific dates or details for these legends were ever provided because they never happened.
In 1914 there was no player in the Pacific Coast League named Pete Daly. In fact, in 1914 there was no player named Pete Daly playing baseball in any of the minor or major leagues. According to baseball-reference.com, in the entire history of organized baseball only one player named Pete Daly ever played professionally, and his career ran from 1884 to 1907. However, there was a player named Pete DalEy who had played in the Pacific Coast League: Thomas Francis (Pete) Daley. Baseball-reference.com records that Pete Daley played for the Los Angeles Angels from 1909 to 1912 and for the Vernon Tigers from 1916 to 1918. In 1914 Mr. Daley was in the major leagues playing for the Philadelphia Athletics and New York Yankees—certainly an ironclad alibi for the San Francisco arson charge.
The earliest mention of this old wives’ tale comes from the Los Angeles Times of April 11, 1937, nearly a quarter century after the alleged incident. According to the Times, the fire setting was done in protest of having to play under conditions that Mr. Daley felt to be unplayable. His protest, according to the Times, succeeded and the game was called. This legend was next reported in the June 18, 1938 issue of the San Francisco Chronicle, but this time Daley’s motivation was simply to keep warm on a cold day. If, in fact, Mr. Daley—or anyone for that matter—ever set a fire anywhere in Ewing Field, it was never reported in any of the game accounts of the San Francisco or Oakland newspapers.
Opening day souvenir program with 45-star flag
from Mark Macrae collection
Elmer Zacher, the main character in the other too-good-to-be-true incident, did play in the PCL in 1914. But, as with Mr. Daley, there were no contemporary newspaper reports, or even subsequent newspaper reports, of Mr. Zacher (or anyone) needing rescue during a foggy game. The earliest mention of the search and rescue mission comes from the same Chronicle story that repeats the Pete Daley incendiary episode.
Nor was a game ever called because of fog. One historian/writer/blogger claims that it happened on June 6, 1914 when fog and rain made the field unplayable. Indeed, it was raining and it was foggy on that date, but the umpires ordered that the game go on. And it did. For the whole nine innings. In the end the Angels defeated the Oaks 10-9. The creator of this fairy tale doesn’t give a reference, but it has been repeated in books and on the Internet.
Another category of pseudo history seems intent on attributing hubristic motives to Cal Ewing while demeaning his planning. These claims accuse him of selfishly wanting his own ballpark because he was envious of the Oakland Oaks with its large, modern East Bay ballpark; or that he was tired of sharing Recreation Park with the Oaks, so he built his own park; or that Ewing Field was hastily built and poorly conceived.
There is no basis for the contention that Ewing was desirous of having his own ballpark. He had already had his share of them—three in fact: Idora Park and Freeman’s Park in Oakland when he owned the East Bay team, and Recreation Park. Nor, as another ill-informed critic pontificates, it wasn’t because he was tired of sharing Recreation Park with the Oaks. Ewing owned a majority of both clubs, and both the Oakland and San Francisco teams would continue with their long-established arrangement of playing games in both cities following the move to Ewing Field. Therefore, the building of Ewing Field had nothing to do with getting away from the Oaks or stadium envy. Simply, Ewing Field’s reason for existence was to give the Seals a place to play in San Francisco following Ed Walter’s betrayal and the expiration of the Rec Park lease in 1916.
The broad brush of innuendo has been liberally applied to give the misleading impression that a permanent dome of fog, wind and cold settled over Ewing Field on opening day and never moved, making every game a survival epic for fewer and fewer fans till finally the players were performing before an empty house. Yes! There was some positively beastly weather at Ewing Field. But there was also good, even beautiful weather. Both extremes, The Beauty and The Beast, were reported in the papers, but of course dishonestly emphasizing the negative and totally ignoring the positive makes for better legends, but sloppy history.
In terms of cause and effect, The Beast was definitely responsible for a drop in attendance that couldn’t be offset by The Beauty. However, other factors effected attendance but were never mentioned.
Nearly two months before the grand opening, the Chronicle reported on the new stadium’s location with this often-repeated observation:
The only possible drawback to the new location is the possibility of meeting with bad weather conditions. In the Mission the diamond play was in the warm belt, but out by Lone Mountain wind and fog may be experienced in the afternoon. The advantage of an up-to-date park, however, will do much to balance against those handicaps.
The Richmond District’s abysmal summer weather was no secret or recent phenomenon. In 1871 a Chronicle reporter visited Calvary Cemetery and described the conditions: “Strong summer winds sweep over the cemetery, requiring the skill and ingenuity of the carpenter to build fences and latticework to break their force.”
Despite the bombastic accusations of know-it-alls who accuse Ewing of being unaware or naïve regarding the climatic conditions around Lone Mountain, Ewing was in fact acutely aware. His 1912 plan for the Army Street stadium was to use the latest steel and concrete building materials. Ewing Field was constructed of wood because J. Cal felt it would not conduct the cold as readily as concrete and steel. He also oriented the field so that home plate was at the northeast corner of the parcel, thus allowing the sun to warm the grandstands and most of the bleachers. It’s significant that Ewing chose the Lone Mountain site over the St. Ignatius Stadium location, which was completely exposed to the wind-driven elements off the ocean.
Finally, bear in mind that 1914 was an el niño year which had the following effect on San Francisco’s summer weather:
San Francisco’s official weather station was at Mission Dolores. No temperatures were ever reported for Ewing Field itself, thus all references to the weather conditions there were subjective.
On Opening Day, May 16, 1914, two intrepid young boys—best friends from the 1500 block of Grove Street—were about to see their first Seals game. For months 8-year-old Scotty and 9-year-old Pat had surveyed the construction of Ewing Field from the heights of Lone Mountain. On that special day the 25-cent admission was beyond their means, but not a barrier. There were other ways to get in. In his San Francisco Examiner “The Low Down” column of February 12, 1947, long-time sports writer Prescott Sullivan recalled how he and a young Edmund G. “Pat” Brown burrowed through the sand under the outfield fence and hid until the crowd arrived.
Shortly 18,000 spectators filled Ewing Field, Lone Mountain was thick with freeloaders, and two men circled above the spectacle in a tiny airplane. The day was especially windy all over San Francisco, but the big news, of course, was the wind at Ewing Field. On the ground a large floral sculpture in the shape of a good luck horseshoe was blown over by the wind. In the sky the small plane piloted by pioneer aviator Robert Fowler with his passenger, photographer Carl Wallen, “bobbed, bumped and bounded . . . sometimes diving in a way that dragged a gasp out of the crowd, and then it was flung skyward in a mad swirl as a dead leaf is tossed by a breeze.”
After being pushed as far as a mile from their objective and hurled and dropped hundreds of feet by the turbulence, Fowler managed to steady his delicate craft over the field long enough to drop a shower of roses and carnations on the celebration and allow Wallen to take aerial pictures of the largest ball park west of Chicago. Their missions accomplished, Fowler and Wallen made haste for the ground and shelter, leaving behind some 20,000 ground-bound, wind-buffeted spectators.
Once the sun passed behind Lone Mountain, the temperature (a high of 61 degrees at Mission Dolores) dropped faster than Fowler’s plane in an “air hole,” a cold wind whistled around Lone Mountain and shot down on the field and spectators, inspiring someone to suggest that “Icicle Field” might be a more appropriate name.
After the Oaks won 3-0, the bleacherites engaged in massive seat-cushion fights. Those who were arrested were fined $20.00 for disturbing the peace and threatened with jail for a second offense.
After the game 18,000 chilled fans were confronted with a long wait for streetcars, a never-ending source of frustration and complaint as much as the weather.
The next day was Sunday, so the afternoon portion of the double header was held at Ewing Field after San Francisco won the morning contest in Oakland. The Bulletin and the Call and Post commented on the bitter weather at the game, but softened the criticism by acknowledging that it had been cold all over town (57 degrees). Nonetheless, 10,000 fans were in attendance. After winning the afternoon game the Seals began a weeklong road trip, turning Ewing Field over to the Oakland Oaks. So much for Ewing building the stadium to get away from sharing his field with the Oaks.
By May 19 suggestions to raise the outfield fences to cut the wind were gaining voices, but, it was sadly conceded “there is no getting away from the fact that Ewing Field is located in the fog belt.”
San Francisco Examiner May 25, 1914
The sports writers in the unheated press box quickly developed a survival strategy. A stadium vendor, Joe Derham, sold canned hot tamales. The writers would buy Joe’s hot cans and hold them to keep their hands warm. When the cans cooled, the writers would buy more hand warmers from Joe, but he refused to give them credit for returning the cold but unopened cans.
The players also came up with a creative solution to the hostile environment. A well-known liniment “with the heating power of a flock of furnaces” was liberally applied before games to keep the circulation going. The clubhouse was just as unforgiving as the press box, there being no stove for the warmth and comfort of the players.
Worst off were the umpires who were forced to dress in an unlighted, unventilated and unheated room deep beneath the grandstands that was too small to accommodate two arbiters at the same time.
While suggestions to build a 20-foot fence in right field were becoming demands, the Tribune offered that a few steam pipes in the grandstand or strategically placed warming stoves would help immensely. (Shades of Candlestick’s revolutionary radiant heating which never worked.) May 20 was the first day that was not cold, with descriptions ranging from “ideal for baseball and the fans enjoyed it” to “quite comfy” to “in comparison it was furnace-like” (65 degrees). Nonetheless, the call for higher fences intensified to a plea.
Ten days into Ewing Field’s life, the fans were given the opportunity to vote whether they wanted a 2:30 starting time or to keep the usual 3 o’clock start. An earlier starting time would lessen the exposure to the elements, which tended to deteriorate around 4 o’clock. Another argument for the earlier start was that the late afternoon conditions had a negative effect on the players, “manifested by sluggishness and an utter lack of pep” generally after the 7th inning. Their “sluggishness and lack of pep” caused the pace of the game to slow and contests which would be over in an hour and a half stretched out to two hours and longer. (All baseball games were played during the day. It would be more than 20 years before the first night games.)
On May 29, a day that was quite comfy (68 degrees) till the wind started to poke around Lone Mountain, Seal slugger Walter Cartwright hit the first home run at Ewing Field—an inside the park home run. Four homers were hit in the last game at Rec Park, but it would be July 7 before Ewing Field witnessed its fourth round tripper. For the entire year 15 homers were hit there, but none was an over the fence blast; they were either inside the park or “bounce” home runs that bounced into the seats—legitimate four baggers in 1914.
On Memorial Day weekend the Seals swept a double header from the Sacramento Wolves, so named in honor of their manager and part owner Harry Wolverton, to go into first place by 2½ games. Despite it being colder than opening day (58 degrees), “a good crowd” turned out.
Work finally began on a 20-foot extension to the right field fence on June 3 while voting on the starting time continued. Early reports were that the 2:30 start was ahead, but Ewing admonished his employees not to influence the votes. It was claimed that they were voting early and often as well as giving the patrons advice.
June 6 was the first of the truly extraordinary games played at Ewing Field lost to history. The papers could not agree whether it was foggy, misty, rainy, combinations of some, or all of the above. They all agreed, though, that conditions were unfit for playing but the umpires decreed the game would go on. The Chronicle suggested that each and every one of the 200 or so brave and hardy souls in attendance (“not counting the peanut vendors and cushion hustlers, but including two lady fans”) should be given a gold medal by the management. The Tribune was less charitable in counting the spectators: “the crowd was variously estimated as between nine and twelve, including the scorer”. Just as the papers couldn’t reach a consensus on the attendance, neither could they agree on when Elmer Zacher, Oaks center fielder, took his position holding an umbrella. According to the Tribune: “Zacher created a sensation in the top of the 3rd when he appeared in center field with an umbrella to keep off the rain and Umpire Hayes let him get away with it.”
The Examiner reported on Zacher’s novel defensive equipment: “It was in the second inning that E. Zacher went to work with an umbrella. The fans merely saw him disappearing into the distant haze with the umbrella in action, business side to the wetness.”
The Chronicle simply noted “Elmer Zacher in one inning pulled a bit of good-natured humor by showing up in center with an upraised umbrella. He used it all during the inning.”
Perhaps the oddest thing about the game was the Chronicle’s final sentence: “The weather was wet, but the air was warm, so that the fans attending the game weren’t the least bit uncomfortable.” This is the same date that a game was supposedly called because of fog, but clearly not so.
From opening day to the final game of the season, the two Bay Area baseball clubs played seven games a week with Monday off as a league travel day. Whether Seals or Oaks, the Bay Area schedule called for games to be played at Ewing Field on Tuesday, Wednesday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday afternoon, while Oakland hosted games on Thursday and Sunday morning. The savvy baseball fan of 1914 quickly learned how to enhance his baseball experience at Ewing Field by listening to the foghorns.
Stadium announcer at Philadelphia, 1914
courtesy Angus MacFarlane
The most important foghorn was Foghorn Murphy, the official voice of the Seals. In the days before sound amplification, leather-lunged men with huge megaphones made the important announcements at the games: batteries, line-ups, batters, etc., but not play-by-play.
Occasionally Foghorn would be driven around the city to boost the day’s upcoming game, but his regular job-site was Ewing Field.
In the days before radios and hourly weather reports, the fan had to know what to expect if he was planning to attend a game way out at Lone Mountain. If he worked downtown and the area was fogged in, he knew for certain that Ewing Field was foggier and it wouldn’t be worthwhile to go there. If it was clear at noontime as he began to make up his excuse for leaving work early, a glance westward gave him a sense of the conditions at Lone Mountain. If it was clear, chances were good he could enjoy a ball game. Low clouds meant he had a tough decision to make. If he saw the menacing fog bank to the west, he was better off working.
Once the fan made up his mind to go and found himself at Ewing Field listening to Foghorn Murphy announce the day’s lineups, there were other foghorns to heed. The maritime city of San Francisco had an array of foghorns along its shoreline, each with its own distinctive “call”. If the only foghorn our savvy fan heard during the game was Foghorn Murphy, all was well. But if he heard a 3-second blast every 27 seconds, he knew that fog had reached Mile Rock, 3½ miles to the west. A 2-second blast every 13 seconds signaled the fog’s arrival at Fort Point, 2.6 miles to the northwest. A single long blast every two minutes was a ship announcing its passage through the fog.
Hearing these maritime warnings, the savvy fan could decide whether to leave right away; stay a bit longer and see what happens with the game or the weather; or if it was a particularly exciting game, to tough it out to the end.
Ewing Field hosted “Charity Day” on June 9 featuring pre-game stunts and amusements to raise money for the city’s civic charities. The weather was the best of the year (65 degrees) and over 10,000 turned out to witness a pre-game contest between golfers and batters to see who could hit a ball farther. The golfers won hands down, easily sending their dimpled spheres far beyond the right field fence.
Only two batters managed to get a stitched sphere over the barrier. An attempt to catch a baseball dropped from 1,000 feet was unsuccessful because the dropper couldn’t get the ball to land in Ewing Field. During the game the tin charity donations boxes that were mounted throughout the stadium had to be removed because the sun’s reflection off the boxes blinded the fielders.
Three days later the PCL reported that 1914 was starting out as the poorest season for attendance since 1909. Los Angeles and Portland were far below their normal marks, while San Francisco, always the best city in the circuit, was disappointingly low. Weather throughout the league was blamed. The Examiner subsequently wrote that baseball conditions across the country were bad that season and the PCL was suffering as much as the other leagues.
The starting time vote ended with 2:30 winning overwhelmingly, but Ewing declared that weekday games would begin at 2:45. The first game under the new starting time would be the June 19 Oakland- San Francisco match.
The longest game of the year, a 3-hour, 14-inning affair between the Seals and Oaks, ended at 6 o’clock on June 16 when Oakland tallied the only score. The Chronicle marveled at how the clubs maintained such tight defensives “in the face of adverse conditions and much personal suffering by players and spectators from the intense cold” (60 degrees). The lone score came about “through a combination of thick fog and a couple of Seal misplays, and only the coldness marred what would otherwise go down as an enjoyable afternoon of our national pastime.”
The next day during another extra-inning game, the Lone Mountain contingent resorted to setting fires on the hillside to keep warm. (59 degrees).
Shortly afterwards someone in a position of authority felt that the 20-foot addition to the right field fence was insufficient, so an additional 26 feet was added to increase the wind barrier’s height to 50 feet.
Barely a month after Ewing Field opened, Cal Ewing exploded when it was suggested that he was considering returning to Recreation Park. He was quoted in the June 20 edition of the Bulletin “The story is utterly ridiculous.” Although acknowledging an attendance drop of about 15% over 1913, he insisted that San Francisco was much better off than the rest of the league. “Conditions at the new park are not a particle worse than they are all over the circuit.”
As if in support of Ewing’s assertion, the weather the next day “was all that could have been desired” (68 degrees). Not only did the sun force the fans to remove their coats and actually complain about the heat, it ignited fires in the grandstand. Peanut shells, bits of paper and other combustible debris that had collected in the cracks of the grandstand floor spontaneously ignited. Several small fires broke out, but a glass of water was enough to extinguish each small blaze. The Examiner memorialized June 26 as the most perfect day seen at Ewing Field. “It was warm and comfy and the fans enjoyed themselves immensely” (79 degrees). The weekend was even more beautiful (84 & 75 degrees), attracting thousands of fans. Without any bad weather to grumble about for a week, the papers turned their critical eyes on the still-abominable streetcar service.
The opening day program promised something that the streetcar companies never provided:
Located at the picturesque foot of Lone Mountain, the park is of easy access to people of all sections of the city. Direct car lines of the Municipal and United Railroads lead to the park, and our patrons are assured of much improved streetcar service. It will require only a matter of fifteen minutes to reach the park from Third and Market Streets and an additional five minutes’ ride from the ferry.
Ewing Field was out in the boondocks as far as the streetcar companies were concerned. With the dead greatly outnumbering the living, moving large numbers of people was not a transit priority “out there”. There were no north-south lines serving the field and only one viable east-west route served the ballpark—the Municipal Railway’s Geary line and its spur along Masonic. Five blocks to the south was the McAllister Street line and the Hayes Street line two blocks further away. Other east-west lines from downtown (where most of the game-bound crowd originated) ended five blocks to the west at Divisadero. Taking these lines necessitated either a long uphill walk to the field, or a long wait for multiple transfers.
Once conditions returned to “normal” at Lone Mountain (cold), the telegraph operators in the press boxes of other league cities resumed their favorite prank: wiring to the Ewing Field press box their local temperatures. The Tribune complained “It is annoying when you are freezing to hear of a place where it is 106 degrees in the shade.”
The 50-foot addition to the right field fence had two outcomes: it noticeably cut the wind, thus improving the conditions for the fans; but it also significantly limited the view from Lone Mountain, forcing the hillsiders to trek to the top of the mound. Even then their view took in only first and third bases and home plate.
One of the truly amazing aspects of Ewing Field’s history is that it took the Los Angeles press two months to ridicule it. On July 14 the Los Angeles Times chided
San Francisco’s New Baseball Park.
Every afternoon a fog rolls in from the Golden Gate just about the beginning of the second inning. The players become dim spectators through the mist and the few scattered spectators sit in the stands in a shivering misery. Nearly every game since the new park opened has been played in a bitter cold.
The day the article appeared in Los Angeles it was 73 degrees in San Francisco, making, for that day at least, a mockery of the Times’ mockery. The Times didn’t mention the poor transportation, but two days later the Call and Post echoed the constant complaint (now that the weather was improving) of “the poor service that is the rule these days.”
Another stretch of beautiful weather during the end of July and beginning of August brought out fans in numbers that the streetcars were still unable to handle. This time the Examiner editorialized:
The season’s best weather has prevailed at Ewing Field during the past week and there has been a big increase in attendance in consequence. But the car service has been wretched. Thousands of dollars were spent in building a spur track but it is seldom that a car is run over the line. After yesterday’s game the car accommodations were totally inadequate and complaints were many.
By July rumors were circulating that the Seals would return to Recreation Park. Ewing issued a flat denial: “now that we have the best baseball plant on the Pacific Coast, there isn’t a chance for our going back to the old ground or building a new baseball plant.”
On Friday and Sunday, August 14 and 16, baseball fans were the beneficiaries of good weather and good baseball between the Seals and Oaks. On Friday, what the Call and Post called ideal weather (64 degrees) brought out one of the best weekday crowds of the season for a well-played game that was marred only by a 9th inning come-from-behind Oakland victory. On Sunday “a monster gathering” assembled in 66-degree weather to witness the Seals triumph 7-3 to sweep the Sunday double header. They were now tied for second place with Venice, who would be in town the next week.
The battle for second place commenced on August 18. By the 6th inning the Seals were in full retreat, trailing 8-1. With the game all but lost, Seals Manager Del Howard replaced most of his starting players. One of those subs who found himself in left field was identified in the game accounts only as “Utschig”. The Seals’ nightmare had become Utschig’s dream come true.
Seventeen-year-old Irving “Irv” Utschig was a Lowell High School junior and baseball star. He was profiled in the school’s 1914 yearbook as a valuable leadoff man who led the team in batting and was the best outfielder in the high school league. How he came to be in a Seals uniform and on the Seals bench that day is a mystery.
Utschig’s defense during the game caught the attention of the sports scribes. The Examiner praised him: “The boy can get over a lot of ground and yank the ball prettily out of the air.” The Chronicle added, “Utschig, who is only a juvenile, appears to be a first class fielder. He had several difficult chances and handled them perfectly.” Irv’s batting, on the other hand, left a lot to be desired, as he struck out both times he came to the plate.
By appearing in this game young Irving forfeited his amateur status and was ineligible to play for Lowell his senior year. Was it worth it for one game? What baseball dreams did Irving have? Clearly he had talent and potential. How did the players respond to the “kid”? Was the plan for Irv to appear in just that one game, or did he suit up for other games without ever making it back onto the field? Utschig’s name never appeared in a box score of any kind again.
Sociologically, a baseball team is a closed or exclusive group with restricted membership. Normally a rookie would be “welcomed” into the group/team through a series of initiation rituals. One common ritual is to have drinks—a lot of drinks—with his teammates. In Irv’s case this would have been impractical for two reasons: his age and the dearth of drinking establishments around Ewing Field. In the necropolitan neighborhood around the ballpark, Prohibition had come six years early. There were none of the convenient watering holes that abounded near the previous Recreation Parks. The nearest oases in this desert were on Haight Street, ¾ mile to the south without any transportation; a couple could be found along Geary to the north; a scattering on Divisadero ½ mile to the east; and a sprinkling on Stanyan Street, a ½ mile hike on the western side of Lone Mountain. And worst of all, there was no booze cage at Ewing Field. J. Cal did not want the vile influence of alcohol to detract from the fans’ enjoyment of the game. In this regard he made a terrible miscalculation.
Simply put, there were no theres anywhere near Ewing Field to mix pre-game pleasure with business, or post-game business with pleasure, or just to prolong the baseball experience with friends in a cordial, convenient setting that was a ritual at Recreation Park. For the mostly-male fan base, the unavailability of the national beverage before, during and after the national pastime was as much a disincentive to trek all the way out to Lone Mountain as were the lack of streetcar service and the uncertain weather.
The last game of August featured the league’s two worst teams on one of the worst days of the year. Nonetheless, 1,100 stalwart fans showed up. The beginning of September usually marked the arrival of summer in San Francisco. Sure enough, the first game of the month was “all that could be desired” (65 degrees), attracting a good turnout of fans who were rewarded with a Seals victory that put them in a tie for second place with the Los Angeles Angels. The next day’s “ultra pleasant weather” (61 degrees) brought out another large weekday crowd that “sat through the session in absolute comfort”. The Chronicle optimistically predicted, “It looks as if weather conditions are changing for the better.”
On September 6, Ewing Field became “home” to a third team. All season long the Sacramento Wolves were beset with financial problems which finally resulted in the team’s collapse at the end of August. To preserve the integrity of the league, the PCL took control of the 5th place Wolves and moved them to San Francisco where they were renamed the Missions.
The Beauty was in her full glory now. On September 9 the third largest crowd of the season sat coatless for the entire game in 82-degree heat. The next day was the hottest day of the year—92 degrees—and once again it was coats off for another large crowd.
The September 15 game between the Missions and Seals was another truly wonderful story that has been buried for a hundred years. It was the debut game for the former Sacramento Wolves as the home team at Ewing Field. Somewhere the official temperature was 60 degrees. The Call and Post prosaically noted: “During the late innings the fog was so thick that the outfielders were lost to view.”
The umpires briefly halted the game, but did NOT cancel it. The Chronicle declared the game to be the foggiest ever played at Ewing Field, noting that it wasn’t a cold fog “but it made up in denseness what it otherwise lacked.” Several hits were made because the outfielders were unable to see the ball.
Examiner sports writer Al Joy added the possibly apocryphal story of the bat boys who, according to Mr. Joy, “When a ball was hit to the far distances, ran out and told the fielders to expect it. Then they ran back and told the umpire what had become of it.”
For the next two weeks the average high temperature was 67 degrees, including October 4’s 74 degrees that brought out 12,000 fans for a Seals-Oaks game.
The Examiner reported warm (64 degrees) and pleasant conditions at the start of the Seals-Mission game on October 7. Then it started to rain and the Mission players expressed their displeasure with the umpire’s decision to continue the game by deliberately annoying him with loud noises from their bench. The umpire, Billy Phyle, repeatedly ordered them to stop but they continued. By the third inning Umpire Phyle had had enough and ejected all the non-playing Missions. Which was exactly what they wanted. As the 10 players happily made for the clubhouse, they laughed in the umpire’s face.
On October 9, 8,000 baseball fans chose to stand in front of the Chronicle building on Mission Street rather than to watch the Seals and Missions play in perfect (68 degrees) baseball weather at Ewing Field. What attracted them was a huge electric scoreboard that flashed instantaneous play-by-play returns of the first game of the 1914 World Series in Philadelphia where the A’s were facing Boston’s “Miracle Braves”. Braves manager George Stallings had played for Oakland, Stockton, and San Jose in the 1880s and 90s in the old California League and was fondly recalled by many old-time baseball fans. The Chronicle’s display was free. The Gaiety Theatre on O’Farrell and Powell charged twenty-five cents.
The Beauty’s visit lasted through the end of the PCL season. For the month of October the average high temperature was 69 degrees, a fact the Call and Post noted: “The weather at the new grounds during the past couple of weeks has been ideal.”
The PCL season ended with a double header on Sunday, October 25. In the morning game, Seals pitcher Skeeter Fanning threw a no-hitter against the Portland Beavers in Oakland. In the afternoon game, played in 77-degree heat at Ewing Field, the Seals completed the sweep of the pennant winners with a 13-1 victory.
Four days later the Examiner railed against The Beauty’s fickleness:
Ewing Field, after being frostbitten and icicle-hung for many long, weary months, is basking in the balmy sunshine of Indian summer right now when nobody cares what sort of weather prevails.
When there were ball games Ewing Field shivered and shook and masked its distant gardens in the ocean mists. Now when the only excitement holding forth is the undisturbed growing of the grass, Ewing Field is as warm as a piece of toast hot off the gas.
And the magnates, who swore at the fog and wind of the good old summer time, now railing at the perversity of fate, swear more heartily at the delicious sunshine of the fall.It is a funny old world, isn’t it?
Although the PCL season was over, baseball had not abandoned Ewing Field. On November 3, the national pastime returned in the persons of American and National League barnstormers who would spend a week in San Francisco. The first game was played before 8,000 fascinated fans in beautiful 74-degree weather. The Chronicle marveled: “it was actually hot with no fog, wind or other disagreeable features”. For their entire stay, the major leaguers enjoyed San Francisco’s best weather (the average high was 73 degrees.), but were disappointed to not experience The Beast that they had heard so much about.
Before leaving for Southern California, a member of the major league entourage praised Ewing Field: “There are not many major league parks that have anything on this field.” The major league tourists returned to play on November 21 and 22 before sailing to Hawaii. On the final day their wish came true: they came face to face with The Beast at its worst.
The Examiner exulted: “The field lived up to its reputation to the very end. Never before did the fog overhang from above in such massive chunks.”
The Chronicle straightforwardly described it: “Fog, undiluted and foreboding was the main feature at Ewing Field . . . There were times when the most you could see of the fielders was now and then a streak as they dashed helplessly after a ball of whose direction they had no idea.”
The San Francisco Seals playing at Ewing Field, 1914.
Photo: courtesy OpenSFHistory.org, wnp27.0604
The blinding fog was also sound absorbing. Unable to see or hear, Giants outfielder George Burns had no idea that a ball had been hit his way until it smacked him on his foot. The Cardinals’ Cozy Dolan waved a white handkerchief from his centerfield position to remind his teammates where he was. The American Leaguers found it too terrifying to stand at bat against Grover Cleveland Alexander, not knowing if he could see them, and not seeing his fastballs until the final instant. The National Leaguers left the field 13-2 victors, and 1914 was history.
1913-1915: SEASONS OF THE WOLF (#2)
Within a year of leaving Oakland for The Big Apple (America’s largest city) with its Hilltop Park and the Yankees, Harry Wolverton found himself in Sacramento (the PCL’s smallest city) with its Buffalo Park and the Senators.
While he was in New York, Baseball Magazine, the sport’s leading monthly publication, called Harry a brainy and capable leader who suffered through a season-long series of misfortunes, accidents and disasters unparalleled by any other club in the American League. Under the circumstances, Baseball Magazine concluded, Harry did as well as anyone could have done. The New York press and Yankee fans, who normally were highly critical of anything short of perfection, did not blame Wolverton for the club’s 50-102 season.
Since rejoining the PCL in 1909, the Senators never had a winning season, finishing 4th twice and last twice. Believing that Harry’s year in New York was an aberration and confident that the Grey Wolf could duplicate his 1910 miracle in Oakland, the Sacramento magnates gave him the largest paycheck in the Pacific Coast League to bring the capital city a winning team for the 1913 season. He began by replacing almost the entire 1912 team.
But the miracle was slow in coming. The Senators opened the 1913 season at home against Harry’s former team and defending PCL champs Oakland Oaks. Harry’s boys lost 3 of 4 to begin the season in last place. His first visit to Oakland as a rival manager was over Memorial Day weekend. Oakland had a different team from the one he led in 1910 and 1911 and new management, but the fans were the same and 11,000 of them showed their adoration for Harry at the Sunday morning game. The Bay Area press affectionately referred to the Senators as the “Wolves” in tribute to the Grey Wolf.
Slowly Harry’s managerial genius began to produce results. On July 10 the Wolves reached a pinnacle skeptics had believed impossible: a winning record mid-way through the season. Three days later they defeated the Seals to reach the lofty heights of 2nd place.
On July 16 the Chronicle resurrected a figure from Harry’s past: Ed Walter, his former boss during his Oakland Oak days, and bane of the Pacific Coast League and J. Cal Ewing. There was a rumor that the Sacramento club was for sale and that Walter and Harry Wolverton were prospective buyers.
The season came down to the final week with second place up for grabs between Sacramento and the Venice Tigers. The Wolves’ final series was against the pennant-winning Portland Beavers at Sacramento. Before the first game Harry and the Beaver’s ace pitcher Bill James went toe-to-toe behind the bleachers, the culmination of a feud that originated last year when Harry was with the Yankees and James was with Cleveland. A right from the 24-year old James to Harry’s 40-year old head gashed his eye and sent Fighting Harry down for the count. It also broke James’ wrist and ended his season.
The Wolves finished in second place with a 107-94 record compared with their 1912 record of 73-121.
WOLVES TO GO UNDER HAMMER was the Call’s lead on October 25. The accompanying story related that Sacramento owner Jack Atkin wanted to sell his club to move to Europe to race horses. Financially, thanks mainly to Harry’s brilliance, the club had done well, making a profit of $11,000 for the season.
On November 11, Harry and Lloyd Jacobs bought the team for $24,000. A little over a year after being fired by the Yankees, Harry was a baseball magnate, a dream he had had since his Oakland days.
He once offered to buy the Oaks for $48,000, but the owners turned him down. If the Oakland deal had gone through, how might have San Francisco baseball history been different?
The new owner of the Wolves kept only four 1913 starters and two pitchers for the new season. Nonetheless, the team started off much better on the field than the previous year. Things were not looking good in the box office, however. The novelty of having a winning team playing exciting baseball seemed to have worn off on the Wolves’ meager fan base of 50,000—about 1/10 of San Francisco’s. Matters reached a critical point when the Wolves lost 20 of 28 games in August and the few fans who attended the games stopped altogether. The team had been hurting financially all season.
Harry acknowledged losing over $1,000 per week, but this was the club’s death knell.
At the end of August the PCL Directors called an emergency meeting to address the Sacramento problem and decided that the league should take control of the club. In the best interest of baseball, the franchise would be moved to San Francisco where it would finish out the last eight weeks of the season. At that time Cal Ewing made the innocent and sensible suggested that the new team be named the Missions to avoid confusion over having two teams with the designation of San Francisco.
Also making sports page headlines once again was Ed Walter. He had been entirely out of baseball since selling his Oakland stock in January, but events back east made him a loose cannon in San Francisco baseball. In 1914 a third major league—the Federal League—arose to compete with the two existing major leagues. The new major league wanted to establish its own minor league system. One of the leagues would be on the west coast with San Francisco as one of the cities. Walter, who still held the 20-year lease on Recreation Park, had been approached by the Federals to head the Federal’s San Francisco club which would play at Recreation Park.
On September 4 the Bulletin suggested that Recreation Park might be the home of the Missions in 1915. Citing an unconfirmed rumor, Recreation Park’s current lease would be turned over to Wolverton and Jacobs for the 1915 season. Noting that Ed Walter and Harry Wolverton were good friends, the Bulletin stretched credibility by hinting that Walter would help his old friend by giving Wolverton the 20-year lease. Thus, the two San Francisco-based clubs, the Seals and the Missions, would play at two separate venues.
The Tribune went one step beyond the Bulletin’s speculation by reporting that Wolverton had already taken over not only the current lease at Rec Park, but Walter’s lease as well. Walter denied giving the lease to his friend, but he didn’t deny that there was a deal pending. “I have always had a warm personal regard for Harry Wolverton and am anxious to do anything I can for his welfare. As yet there has been no assignment of the lease. Beyond that I would rather not discuss the matter.”
The Call and Post went even farther, citing on “a well-founded rumor” that Recreation Park would be the home to at least one baseball club before the current season was over.
Sacramento was officially dropped as a PCL city on September 6. The adoption of Ewing’s off the cuff suggestion that the orphaned team be called the Mission Wolves was taken as a sure sign that the club would have a home in the Mission i.e. Recreation Park.
Harry Wolverton dismissed such talk as pipe dreams. It didn’t take long, however, for the rumors to take root and spread. Even the Seals players were speaking knowingly that the team would be playing in Recreation Park “by next week”. Given that three of the Pacific Coast League’s six clubs were now situated in two Bay Area cities with, possibly, three playing venues, the combinations and permutations of who would play where were topics of deep discussion.
The wild card in Bay Area baseball was the last place Oakland Oaks. With two teams in San Francisco for at least the remainder of the 1914 season, Oakland would realize its long-held dream of seven games a week in the East Bay. This would be a real test of Oakland’s ability to support its team.
For the next week plans for an elaborate ceremony to officially christen the Missions replaced the discussion of where they would play. The event was scheduled for the Seals-Mission game of Saturday, September 19 at Ewing Field. Presiding would be Mayor Sunny Jim Rolph, not only as the representative of San Francisco, but also as a resident of the Mission District. However, the ceremonies were postponed until the Missions returned from a two-week road trip because Harry Wolverton had supposedly obtained an option from Ed Walter on Recreation Park’s 20-year lease. It was believed by many that this would somehow enable the Missions to move into Recreation Park under the current lease. The two weeks was considered necessary to return the grounds to ball-playing condition.
Wolverton would neither confirm nor deny any of this, which, according to the Bulletin “can be taken as prima facie evidence that such a move is contemplated.” The Tribune hinted to its readers if the Missions moved to Recreation Park and out-drew the Seals at Ewing Field, the Seals would follow them back to the Mission.
The PCL Directors were to meet on September 19 to discuss the fate of the Missions, but the decision was put over to October 6. Still unresolved were the outstanding debts Wolverton and Jacobs had incurred from the PCL to keep the team afloat during the season. Cal Ewing had personally advanced them $10,000. If the debts weren’t paid by October 6, the team would be forfeited to the league.
The October 6 meeting was put over to the end of the season. On October 27 the PCL Directors, as expected, assumed control of the Wolves. Also coming out of the meeting was the unexpected news that Ewing and his partner Frank Ish were anxious to sell the Seals. Undoubtedly the ordeal of the past year led Ewing to cash in his 1912 promise to his wife to retire after the 1915 season a year early.
Within five days, five offers had been made for the club, including one from Harry Wolverton. The front-runner, according to the Chronicle, was Los Angeles Angels owner Henry “Hen” Berry. His purchase of the Seals was contingent on selling his current club. What the price for the Seals would be was not certain, but knowledgeable sources estimated between $175,000 and $225,000.
Berry and his associates made it abundantly clear that they wanted to return to the Mission District. To that end, they planned to meet with Ed Walter regarding the Recreation Park lease. He hinted that if he did buy the club he would go back to Valencia Street for the 1915 season, since Ewing’s lease ran till May 1916. After that he had no definite plans, though he proposed either leasing or buying new grounds. He was in favor of buying new grounds, but if that didn’t work out, he was quoted, “If we use Recreation Park, we figure on getting additional property on 15th Street and placing the grandstand there.” This was exactly what Cal Ewing tried but failed to do in 1907.
In the meeting with Ed Walter, Berry learned that Harry Wolverton held an option on the 20-year lease till January 1. That didn’t bother Berry who figured that he could return to Rec Park in 1915 and by the time the lease expired in May 1916, a new ballpark could be built.
Once again San Francisco baseball fans were hearing familiar words, this time from Henry Berry: “Several propositions have been submitted for a new park and we are now looking them over. San Francisco fans can rest assured that we will find available grounds. Two sites south of Market are being considered, either of which would be more desirable than Rec Park.”
Wolverton’s plans to secure backing to buy the Seals didn’t materialize, but he had five aces up his sleeve with his 20-year lease option.
At the end of November, while Berry was in Southern California, it was “discovered” that the Olympic Club held the current lease to Rec Park through May 1, 1916. “It will certainly create one grand mix-up if we can’t get Recreation Park to play on next year” one of Berry’s associates said. “This was the first time the Olympic Club hold on the lease came up in the purchase negotiations. We will not go back to Ewing Field and if we cannot get the Valencia Street grounds, there will be no place to play, for it is too late to build a new park. We could arrange new quarters by 1916, but not by next year. If we cannot get Recreation Park the deal is off.”
The Olympic Club magnanimously surrendered the lease, and on December 5 all the details were ironed out to conclude the largest deal in minor league history. Rumors set the price at between $200,000 and $250,000.
On December 30, 1914, Harry Wolverton and Hen Barry met. We’ll never know what was discussed, but the outcome was a brilliant business, baseball, and public relations coup. The Seals finally obtained the 20-year lease on Recreation Park, Harry Wolverton received the largest managerial contract in PCL history to manage the Seals for the next three years, and the fans had a popular manager with a fighting spirit.
“I think that I have reason to congratulate myself,” said Mr. Berry. “From the way people talk all over the city I guess that I've picked the right man for the job, and I'm glad that the worry of naming a manager is over.”
The final worry was officially put to rest on January 31 when the Judson Estate Company turned over the 20-year lease on Recreation Park, formerly held by Ed Walter, to Henry Berry, clearing the way for the Seals to make long range plans for Recreation Park. All the way through 1936 if need be.
Harry was given carte blanche to assemble a team to his liking. Wearing his third Bay Area uniform, the Grey Wolf and the Seals were an immediate success on the field, but were poor box office draws as the 1915 Panama Pacific International Exposition attracted would-be baseball fans away from Recreation Park.
The team won the 1915 pennant against a surprising challenge from the Salt Lake City Bees, the reconstituted 1914 Wolves of Sacramento and the Missions who had been relocated to Salt Lake City. | <urn:uuid:22e22a58-c7f6-43b7-8798-c1c8b359ce92> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.shapingsf-wiki.org/index.php?title=Ewing_Field_Part_Two | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.980807 | 15,660 | 1.570313 | 2 |
"Do you hear it? The Creep upon my cellar stairs? I lie awake tonight with fright in my heart and a creep upon my cellar stairs," the young girl muttered into the belly of her teddy bear.
A fearful groan erupted as she heard it once again, "Do you hear it? The Creep is upon my kitchen floor!" Woe was her to have this fear, to hear the Creep beyond her door. Juliette was twelve, modest and kind, however cowardly as a mouse, and not inclined, to investigate bumps in the deep, dark night.
No daddy to call on, a mother that worked, Juliette sat listening for that which lurked. Only for a moment, as the silence fell again, she heard the creeeeeeeeeeak, an obvious strain. "Do you hear it?!" she roared. "The Creep is upon my living room floor!"
Slipping from the safety of the warm, snug bed, she crept ever so slowly, but felt only dread. As beyond the door, and down the hall, she knew what awaited and up it would crawl through the deep, dark night.
Minutes passed without a breath, until the girl fell to her knees and whimpered, for she feared her death as from her place upon the floor she heard the creak as before. "Do you hear it? The Creep is upon my very hall, no doubt to pounce upon us all!" The girl did cry, fear rising within. She clutched her bear and listened for the thing. Silence.
The trembling figure sat upon her floor, unable to move, to think, to breathe. Until at last she shook her head, "I cannot hear it. The Creep upon my cellar stairs must have been but the wind, the living room a playful mouse and in my hall a house did creak, but no, bear, not the Creep."
Standing without fear she strode up to her bedroom door, placed her hand upon the knob and began to turn, she knew the score. Creeeeeeeeeeak. Leaping back she knew without a doubt, something was without. Not wind, nor mouse and not a creak. It was a creep beyond the door, she knew this now, like before.
She fell unto her bedroom floor so scared that her tears did pour in the deep, dark night. She stared at her bedroom door, she thought of all the heartless gore to be visited upon her when she opened that door. Silence. Without another thought she rose, strode to the door, pulled it and froze. Expecting the worst, she saw only her bedroom light, casting two shadows in the deep, dark night. With a deep sigh she closed the door and turned back, to her bed, seeing one shadow and hearing not creak, croak or crack.
"Do you hear it? The Creep was all in my head, I woke from my bed and feared what's not there. Am I not the silliest girl ever bear?" Teddy the Bear watched the world with unseeing eyes that reflected the room and could not disguise. As within them Juliette saw the most horrifying sight, and suddenly the creaking was heard in the night.
"Oh Teddy, why could you not say? How foolish I have been this day. The Creep is real, and here right now. I see it there below your brow. What I thought to be upon my floor was by my side, and watched as I cried. The light in the hall should have been my warning, I shan't live to see the morning."
The Creep was real, that is for sure. The creaking and cracking was simply a lure. For reflected in the little bear's eyes, nothing was seen but the evil Creep's lies. For the Creep was not upon her floor, at her door nor in her drawer. The Creep was here, in her hands, to strike at her, to fulfill its plan. Teddy the Bear such an innocent sight, took Juliette in the deep, dark night, for no matter how much she dared to fight, the Creep had gotten her, his grasp too tight.
A tale of caution and of fright, but do you think of what bumps in the night? Juliette did, and behold and see, what doom awaited her that eve. But can she be blamed for what did occur? It all did happen in such a blur. Evil comes in all different sizes; big and small, it takes on all guises.
So sleep well and God bless for surely you know, if the Creep comes for you, your death will be slow. | <urn:uuid:0a88b5f7-c816-4e3b-bbc8-cd6f2d57aaa5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://creepypasta.wikia.com/wiki/Juliette_and_the_Creep | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00036-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980251 | 946 | 1.53125 | 2 |
If this is the first you’re visiting my site, All about Atlas, then you may not know. Last week, we attempted pregnancy with her. We’re not sure if it took. With dogs, it takes 22 days for the puppies to form. In that time, we can get her checked at the Vet. They will be able to do an Ultra Sound and see if it was successful. In the meantime, my dog sleeps all day. Why?
Could be for other factors if the pregnancy didn’t take. Dogs, like us, sometimes just get tired. I don’t think it’s an underlying medical condition. She’s perfectly healthy otherwise. But if it was, what could it be?
Underlying Medical Conditions.
Dogs, like us, can get sick. They can get diabetes, heart problems, etc. If you’ve changed your dogs medication, they can become lethargic all of a sudden. Maybe you’ve changed their diet recently (which is not advisable. Always change their diet slowly over time).
Dogs can also have metabolic changes, especially with age. My older dog, Annie, was very old earlier this year. She had turned 14 in April and during the last months, she was always tired. Rarely getting up, even to eat or drink. She just slept all day, not moving from her bed. Obviously, this worried me. A lot. But she was old, so I knew it was coming.
Dogs go through changes just like we do. With certain changes, they can become very tired. Not just with age, or with medical conditions. There could be other factors.
Changes With The Weather.
In Alaska, we are in the darkest time of the year right now. Up North, there are some villages that don’t see daylight at all. Not until January in fact. In Barrow, the sun set a while back in November. It won’t come up again until next year.
In Anchorage, we see the sun rise at 10:14am and it’ll set at 3:42pm. 5 hours. That’s all we get right now. Dogs, unlike cats, are not nocturnal. My Mom’s cats are very active at night when she goes to bed. My dogs however, are not. They sleep with us and go to bed when we do.
Sure, they have to wake up throughout the night to go the bathroom. They’re not that different from us, honestly. But then, it’s right back to bed when they’re done. All three of my dogs have been sleeping non-stop these past few weeks. Maybe it’s the kids at friend’s houses. Normally when the kids are here, the dogs are playing with them. Instead, I’m here typing away during the day and I’m no fun.
Maybe She’s Pregnant.
On top of the weather change, it could be that Atlas is pregnant. This doesn’t explain my other two dogs, however. Though they’re older and sleep a lot anyways. In the summer months, they’re always outside on the deck. But usually asleep in the sun. But, pregnancy could be why my dog sleeps all day.
The one I’m keeping a close eye on is Atlas, though. Last week, we attempted pregnancy twice. No vet would do a hormone test, so we had to wing it. The natural way, as nature intended. This week, she’s sleeping all day long. Yesterday, she didn’t play with a single toy until about 6pm. Now, that’s not to say that she won’t go for rides with me. She still goes everywhere I go.
If I don’t take Atlas along, she gets very mad at me. She holds a grudge. So, if I say, “You wanna go Bye-Bye with Mommy?” She jumps up, ready to go. No doubt in her mind, she goes everywhere with me. Otherwise, she stands at the door the whole time I’m gone. The kids will tell me she whines the entire time. Then, when I get home, initially, she smells all over to make sure I’m okay. Then, I get the cold shoulder. But she checks me out first.
When To Be Concerned.
I’ve mentioned a few reasons why my dog sleeps all day. Something is wrong medically. Weather changes. Pregnancy. When should you be concerned with your dog sleeping all the time? If they don’t want to eat or drink. Also, if they don’t want to wake up to do normal activities with you. Such as taking a walk or going for a ride.
Several reasons that you might want to take your dog to the vet. I’m not overly concerned right now for my dogs. Personally, I want to sleep all day. It’s dark! It’s cold. Well, today isn’t cold actually. It’s 36 degrees F or 2 degrees C. That’s pretty warm for Alaska.
If I didn’t feel tired myself, and want to sleep all day, I might be more concerned. If they didn’t want to eat, or when I stood up they didn’t follow me. Well, Atlas only follows me with her eyes. But if I jumped up and said, “Wanna go Bye-Bye with Mommy?” She’d jump right up. Annie would not have. Poor girl. But she’s in a better place now.
Final Thoughts on, My Dog Sleeps All Day.
You know your dog better than anyone. If you feel something’s wrong, don’t hesitate. Set up an appointment and get them checked out. I’ve taken Atlas to the vet more times than I can count. At the drop of a hat, she’s going in. Anytime I feel concerned for her health, I call the vet.
I also have a close relationship with her vet. That means, I’m able to call over the phone and just ask them questions. She’s doing this, not doing that. They’re able to tell me whether it warrants an appt. They’re not there just to make money. In fact, the vet she goes to will often say, “We don’t think you need to bring her in. If she starts exhibiting this, then call us back.”
Many vets I’ve seen in the past move right to an appt. No talking it over the phone. No texts of pictures. Just, bring her in and we’ll go from there. The VCA clinic is awesome in this regard. Tell us more so we can assess her situation properly.
So, if you think something’s wrong, then call them to help figure it out. Especially if they’re not eating or drinking. That’s the number one key something is wrong. But, just being tired like I am in the dark. Eh, that’s normal right now.
Does your dog sleep all day, too? Why do you think they’re tired all the time? | <urn:uuid:7f8e669a-c071-47a6-bb24-65154b44e0ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://akhurricanebullies.com/my-dog-sleeps-all-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.960949 | 1,562 | 2 | 2 |
I have agreed to talk on the question “Are New Trade Wars Looming?” The answer is yes, but I must also tell you that I think this is the wrong question. What we are really interested in is why trade wars occur and where the economic philosophy we call protectionism comes from. A major cause of the worldwide war and depression that crippled much of the first half of the twentieth century was imperialism and the rivalry of nations for trade, commodities, raw materials, and labor—this produced protectionism. I want to suggest the special importance of finance capital in this process, both earlier in the twentieth century and now. Rather than worrying about trade wars, we should concentrate on the power of capital’s control over our political economy, especially the role of international financiers.
We need to look at the parallels to the situation leading to the Great Depression, the adoption of the Smoot-Hawley Tariff in the United States, and the dramatic decline of world trade as a result of protectionism in the 1930s, but also the important differences between the situation then and now. As Charlene Bershefsky, the U.S. Trade Representative, said in a speech on January 29, 1999, “despite a shock nearly as great as the one that brought the Smoot-Hawley tariff, with 40 percent of the world in recession and six major economies suffering contraction of 6 percent or more, we as yet see no broad reversion to protectionism.”
Trade conflicts today range from the so-called “banana war” between the United States and the European Union to the demand by the U.S. steel industry for protection from unfair foreign competition. The banana war reminds us that much of what is called protectionism has little to do with the needs of U.S. labor which, after all, does not produce bananas. The dispute arises because a major donor to the Democratic Party runs a company that wants to sell more bananas (produced in Central America) in Europe, where preference is given to bananas from Europe’s former colonies. The steel dispute is more the sort of conflict that people have in mind when they worry about protectionism and trade wars.
The U.S. steel industry is facing what it sees as a deluge of imports from Japan, Russia, Brazil, and Indonesia which, it is alleged, are selling steel below cost in the United States. Steel is the focal point, but there are lots of other industries in which there is excess capacity on a global scale. Industries with high fixed costs come out ahead, selling at a loss so long as revenues cover their variable costs, and so are likely to export below cost, even if this produces protectionist responses and even trade wars.
But notice two things: First, the list of offending steel exporters—Japan, which has had a stagnant economy for much of the decade (having overinvested in the 1980s and become stuck with excess capacity), and then the three large troubled economies: Russia, Indonesia, and Brazil (which have liberalized capital flows, received vast capital inflows, and then seen their economies undermined by speculative excesses, unsustainable debt levels, capital flight, dramatic currency depreciation, and economic crisis). These countries, despite U.S. and International Monetary Fund (IMF) “rescues,” find it difficult or impossible to balance their budgets and pay their debts. They also find that the austerity forced upon them by the agents of international finance means that domestic recession-depression deepens. How did they get into the messes they are in?
Second, how did the excess capacity develop (not only in steel but in everything from hogs to autos) and why the cycle of speculative lending and default, which has produced financial crisis? While there are particular answers, like anticipation of perpetual growth of Asian markets (the so-called Pacific Century, with Asia as the engine of global growth); financial deregulation in the absence of adequate safeguards and ill-conceived loan policies (the presumption being that there can be adequate safeguards); and crony capitalism (the fact that elites ripped off innocent foreign investors and then maximized short-term gain at the expense of long-term stability), these are only pieces of a larger equation. It is important to note that such manias, panics, and crises have always been part of the way capitalism works. They are regular occurrences, even if they are unpredictable in terms of exact timing, seriousness, and duration. They arise as part of the uneven nature of capitalist development, in which innovations unleash rapid growth, producing overinvestment, causing firms to overreach (in terms of the expectations they have concerning the future realization of profitable sales) and then become unable to service debt. As overinvestment reaches its peak, speculation in equity and property markets reaches unsustainable proportions, and these bubbles burst. These cycles are superimposed on the secular development of capitalism—a process in which all parts of the world are brought into a single market and a universalization of the properties of capitalist social relations occurs. Some historical discussion can help clarify the essential features of such cycles, and the role financial orthodoxy has played in the misinterpretation of their nature, and in the advancement of punitive (and finally counterproductive) solutions—harmful to the vast majority but in the immediate self-interest of the international financiers.
In the second half of the nineteenth century, important innovations in transportation and communication (the railroad and the telegraph, iron-hulled coal powered ships and transatlantic cable) reduced the cost of doing business over great distances. Developments in metallurgy and chemistry in the latter part of the century produced manufacturing capacity to match the increased extent of the market, leading to imperialist rivalries and the First World War. In the interwar period, efforts to re-establish gold parities at pre-war levels and to extract reparations from the war’s losers and war loans from allies contributed to a severe balance of payment crisis, slow growth, high unemployment, and an inability to address the various imbalances produced by an attempted return to normalcy, leading to a desire for protection from forces seemingly beyond the control of national policymakers. As Broadus Mitchell, a historian who has chronicled the period, notes: “Overproduction of raw materials was matched by surplus output, or surplus capacity, in important industrial fields. High tariffs and other expressions of economic nationalism were the consequences …. Debtor countries that could get no more loans felt they must expand their exports and contract their imports. Invasion of others’ markets and defense of their own alternated in speeding restrictions on world trade.”
Protectionism comes close to the end of the story, not the beginning. To say trade wars are bad and to be avoided ignores the more crucial matter of the difficulties that create the conditions out of which trade wars become likely, if not inevitable. The end of the First World War found the global economy with excess capacities stimulated by the needs of wartime, a peace which redrew the map of Europe (creating small, new states that attempted to protect their autonomy), and a situation in which established powers (that had experienced differential productivity growth) gained or lost economic capacity as a result of war, and disordered exchange rates produced disequilibria that proved difficult to set right. Any stability that existed in the 1920s depended on a particular balance of international capital flows. When the Fed raised interest rates in the United States, this balance was disrupted, and the prevalent view since the end of the First World War (that the United States neither understood nor was very interested in the global financial fragility of the period) was confirmed. The Great Depression can be understood as the outcome of an inability to produce a financial regime capable of sustaining economic growth and stability. The same troubling processes are underway in our own time.
Another historian and close student of the interwar period, Max Gideonse, writes: “From the enactment of the emergency tariff of 1921 to the dollar devaluation program of late 1933, American leadership in world affairs lacked even the rudiments of effectiveness, and was, for the most part, a depressing mixture of incompetence, irresponsibility, and inertia.” Self-interest is a powerful blinder and justifier of intellectual argument and policy certitude. Today, as in the interwar years, financial orthodoxy is blind to the causes of economic crisis. In part, this is because the class interests it defends benefitted and benefit from the damage it inflicts on others.
Did U.S. policies—from its response to the Latin American debt crisis in the early 1980s to the policy advice to the new Russian state (in its transition from communism) and the East Asian financial crisis (starting in 1997)—all equally demonstrate a self-serving stance that did incalculable harm to the economies involved and to the world economy more generally? I will make the case that this is in fact the proper interpretation, and that those concerned with the possibilities of coming trade wars would do well to consider the preconditions in policies demanded by the American Treasury Department on behalf of U.S. financial institutions and enforced by the IMF and other agencies. Many of the particular policies in question are the same in the last part of the twentieth century as they were in its early decades.
Orthodoxy argues for the automaticity and efficiency of free capital markets. The major difference is that, in the earlier period, this was presented in terms of the presumed benefits of the gold standard. Even today, some analysts look back at the era in which the gold standard regime dominated as the golden age of international finance. They see the failure to properly restore the gold standard after the First World War as responsible for the Great Depression. But the gold standard itself was the principal threat to financial stability and economic prosperity between the wars. It was a large part of the problem and not the solution. Adherence to the gold standard forced contractionary policies, which turned recession into depression.
The gold standard was part of an ideological stance toward laissez-faire capitalism, which was hegemonic and insisted that any government interference with market forces was bound to do more harm than good. As a result, nations were held back from taking actions that might have averted or reduced the impact of crisis. The political power of finance led to economic outcomes favored by bankers but harmful to societies at large. The same may be said of the current period. The self-interested actions of national governments and the false belief in the gold standard’s automaticity led to a failure to reach agreement on the need for (and the specifics of) central bank cooperation. The globalization of finance from the 1970s, like the effort to reimpose the international gold standard or gold exchange standard in the interwar years, constrained national policymakers and led to the demand for protectionism.
After the Great Depression and the carnage of the Second World War (a conflict which owed much to Germany’s inability to recover in the interwar years—the result, in significant measure, of the demand for reparations that perpetuated economic suffering in Germany and paved the way for Hitler), it was widely understood that avoiding a replay when peace was restored would involve a very different international financial regime. After the postwar era of national Keynesianism, the forces of transnational capital have once again gained an upper hand. The return to pre-Keynesian orthodoxy under the prompting of the U.S. Treasury and IMF officials has forced counterproductive policies on Russia, Indonesia, and Brazil, among others, and produced fear of a global crisis of the dimension of the Great Depression.
The tension between free capital movements and free trade was well understood by the architects of the post-Second World War Bretton Woods regime who saw free trade, economic growth, and full employment as dependent on the control of capital. It was understood, in the 1940s and 1950s, that abolishing exchange controls would make it exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, for any government which might come to power to pursue full employment and welfare state redistributive policies without provoking capital flight. Industrial capital, which dominated in the early postwar years, understood this and, sold on the need for Keynesian policies, favored continued capital controls. As the financial sector recovered, and multinational corporations came to hold a more globalist view, the establishment in the United States moved to more greatly favor free capital mobility. England, seeing its future as a financial center, supported the United States in this resolve. In the 1940s, bankers arguing along these lines for a more open financial order made the case that the move would prevent governments from meddling with market forces, but they were overruled by industrial capital, which saw merit in Keynesian stimulus that needed capital controls to be effective. Internationalization was followed by policy changes that favored greater freedom for international speculators.
The United States and Britain, by creating the Euromarket, undermined the Bretton Woods system, unilaterally offering mobile financial traders the ability to operate without regulation. Thus, they forced other financial centers to liberalize markets or see their business and capital migrate—a process of competitive deregulation that parallels the competitive devaluation policies of the 1930s. It was the political choice of the United States, most significantly in its irresponsibility in the 1960s, to unleash inflation and make others bear its cost, and then unilaterally to change the rules at the expense of foreign central banks and others who believed the U.S. commitment to its fixed exchange rate. It was also the opportunist choice of Great Britain to pursue a deregulation strategy that would solidify its position as a global financial center.
The Contemporary Situation
In the 1990s, these forces have become even stronger under New Democrat Bill Clinton and New Labour leader Tony Blair, both of whom favor policies of financial openness and a deregulated international monetary regime. Clinton’s ability to win the decisive backing of Democratic Party supporters among Wall Street investment bankers was crucial to his bid for president. The head of Goldman Sachs & Company, Robert E. Rubin (one of these Wall Street supporters), became his treasury secretary and the most important figure in his administration. Clinton, it should be noted, followed up the policies of the Republican Bush and Reagan Administrations with impressive enthusiasm.
Under the Clinton Administration, there was an expansion of such priorities. Clinton’s Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown and his successors were almost continuously on the road, pushing American exports and demanding financial market liberalization. Clinton created the National Economic Council as a counterpart to the National Security Council. Mr. Rubin, as its head, guided the global ideological shift to unrestricted financial flows to the great profit of financial service firms such as Goldman Sachs. Asia was a particular target for this full-court press. Continued access to U.S. markets was held hostage to liberalization of financial markets. Korea, for example, was sponsored by the United States for membership in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the rich nations club, in exchange for accelerated liberalization of its financial markets. The Koreans let their companies borrow abroad even though such loans might (and, as it turned out, did) make their corporations vulnerable to a panic-driven outflow (which occurred at the end of 1997). The cost of the business won by U.S. banks and brokerage firms was paid by the Asian economies. Secretary Rubin and his assistant (and then his successor as Treasury Secretary), Laurence Summers, also pressed the IMF to amend its charter to make free capital movements a central goal in IMF negotiations with member countries forced to seek balance of payments assistance.
The leaders of Asia, Latin America, and even continental Europe have become increasingly willing to articulate the view that recent financial crises have been caused by unregulated cross-border financial trading. Financial liberalization, in the words of Mahathir Mohamad, Malaysia’s Prime Minister, has driven forces resulting in the demise of the East Asian miracle. “The great Asian Tigers are no more. Reduced to whimpering and begging, they are but a former shadow of themselves …. From being miracle economies we have now become impoverished nations.” And who can disagree? Percival Patterson, Prime Minister of Jamaica, is not alone in criticizing the way the IMF has handled the crisis. “As a lender of last resort, the IMF remains unsuited to that role …. within its limited resources, it did bail out the creditors, which leaves the debtors in the lurch.” Resentment at U.S. policies and the gains the United States has reaped from its own and IMF policies has led increasingly to a backlash against the U.S. model, which saves Wall Street speculators while sacrificing the people of the third world. If they now desperately increase exports and there is talk of “trade wars,” we need to understand the larger context. It is not so very different today than what it was in the early decades of the twentieth century, when similar policies of orthodoxy (which benefitted finance capital at the expense of global economic growth and stability) were dominant. It appears that we have learned little from these earlier experiences and, in many ways, we appear to be replicating the conditions and policies which produced the Great Depression. This does not mean that history will be repeated or repeated in the same way, but the earlier patterns and the power of orthodoxy have returned. And they are doing grave damage.
Increasingly, this is recognized—not only by third-world leaders such as the prime ministers of Malaysia and Jamaica, but even by many U.S. policymakers and former officials now free to speak frankly to the press. As Kristof and Sanger write in an important New York Times series summarizing interviews with administration and former administration officials: In retrospect, the United States was “insufficiently aware of the kind of chaos that financial liberalization could provoke.” Mickey Kantor, the former trade representative and commerce secretary, is quoted in this 1999 series as saying that “[i]t would be a legitimate criticism to say that we should have been more nuanced, more foresighted that this could happen.” Such rapid liberalization without proper regulation and legal rules, in his view, was like “building a skyscraper with no foundation.”
It may be argued that when the buildings began to crumble and fall, the United States and the IMF demanded policies that made conditions worse. The austerity they demanded, as well as the high interest rates and the continued currency convertibility, enabled foreign investors to get their funds out, while locals in the affected countries bore the disproportionate burden of the devastating adjustments that followed. The Indonesians, Koreans, and others lost their businesses, workers lost their jobs, and foreign banks were rewarded with sharply higher interest rates and government guarantees against default, which came at taxpayer expense. As Milton Friedman commented, “The United States does give foreign aid. But it is a different kind of foreign aid. It only goes through countries like Thailand to Bankers Trust.”
Currently, with the remarkable performance of the U.S. economy (compared to that of the rest of the world), Mr. Rubin, who knew enough to quit while ahead, enjoys a domestic reputation as one of the best treasury secretaries the United States has had. Internationally, he is widely criticized as responsible for encouraging policies that have produced instability and economic crisis by forcing financial liberalization. Rubin stood virtually alone in opposing efforts to curb the volatility of capital markets (his only significant support coming from the British). It is also widely understood that, until now, the financial centers of Wall Street and its counterpart, the City of London, have profited substantially from this turmoil. The Europeans, Japanese, and third world countries (which favor some form of international agreement on new modes of managing international financial markets) have been unable to budge the United States or to successfully oppose its will. Should Anglo-American financial markets collapse as well, this stance will be seen even in the United States, as the self-serving policies of what Columbia University economist Jagdish Bhagwati has called the Wall Street-Treasury-IMF complex and the financiers who run policy once again face universal criticism, as they did in the years preceding the Great Depression.
Even in the absence of such a meltdown, it should still be evident that it was the forced liberalization of financial markets that led to the crises—not only in Asia, but also in Russia and Latin America. Now it also produces the huge U.S. trade deficit, provoking protectionist demands. To expect trade wars as severe as those experienced in the first half of the twentieth century is, however, a mistake.
We need to understand that the world’s economies are now so interpenetrated by transnational control that Korea’s or Japan’s problems are more likely to lead to the takeover of their large (but weakened) corporate giants by U.S. capital than to trade wars between nationalist capitalist classes. The extent of foreign ownership is substantial. Foreign-owned enterprises in France, for example (which we tend to think of as so nationalistic), account for 25 percent of industrial production. 40 percent of the United Kingdom’s exports are by foreign firms. By the late 1980s, the flow of foreign direct investment into the United States was exceeding the outflow. Strategies for promoting national champions has given way to strategic alliances, if not outright merger with foreign rivals, to increase market power and to pursue economies of scale to offset the huge research and development costs, designing new products and marketing them on a global scale. By the early 1990s, the top twenty-five multinational corporations all had sales over twenty-five billion dollars. The largest, General Motors, had sales larger than the gross domestic product of all but twenty-one nations in 1992. Lists of countries by Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and companies by sales showed Toyota’s sales exceeding the GDP of Portugal and Poland, IBM exceeding Venezuela, and Unilever exceeding New Zealand. The growth of multinationals or transnationals, and of direct foreign investment, means that such firms operate in a very large number of countries and derive a high proportion of their assets (workers and profits) from locations beyond their home countries—so that trade wars become counterproductive for the dominant economic actors in the globalized economy.
Increasingly, the danger is not old-style trade wars but the greater dominance of these corporate giants over the economic lives of working people everywhere. With concentrated oligopolistic structure, a relatively small number of giants come to dominate world markets. There is growing awareness, as Jeffrey Garten, the dean of the Yale School of Management and former Clinton Administration official, writes: “Megacompanies are almost beyond the law.” They have the money to run legal circles around regulators and to intimidate smaller rivals. They can buy political influence, both with campaign contributions and by threatening job loss among electorates in jurisdictions in which labor, environmental, or tax law is not to their liking. They can demand subsidies and shift social cost to workers and governments.
This is not to say that there will not be demands for protectionism and even the adoption of protectionist policies. But such protectionism is less likely to lead to the devastating trade wars some now fear, and is likely to be exercised by the strong, who are able to get away with unilateral exercise of discriminatory policies. This is amply demonstrated in the case of the steel industry.
In late February 1998, an agreement was reached between the Clinton Administration and Russia to strictly control the growth of Russian steel exports to the United States. Russia will cut back to the level of sales before the sharp fall in the value of the ruble. That the Russians agreed to this when steel exports are such a huge source of (scarce) hard currency is a measure of the leverage the United States has over Russia. It does not really matter that World Trade Organization (WTO) rules forbid this kind of managed trade agreement or voluntary export restraint. Russia is not a member of the WTO, but if the United States had not forced such an agreement from the Russians, it could have levied a steep tariff on its steel exports, which could have stopped them. Russia, which is negotiating for more aid from the IMF, knows that it is in no position to anger the United States. Brazil and Japan are also unlikely to retaliate against the Commerce Department’s recent decision to impose huge tariffs on their hot-rolled steel sent to the United States.
If, as the balance of trade continues to widen, unemployment rises in the United States, we are likely to see more demands for protection by workers fearing job loss. Companies with their backs to the wall will blame unfair foreign competition. Such nationalist appeals will receive a sympathetic ear, especially if they are from a large, well-organized industry able to flex political muscle.
Freedom of capital without social regulation unleashes painful costs as governments, workers, and weaker competitors are forced into a painful deflation, and orthodox policymakers (and the financial interests that have such influence over their direction) dictate that the interests of speculative capital come before the needs of ordinary people and the stability of economies. The cost the world is currently paying for such policies is inordinately high and may grow more severe. | <urn:uuid:0fbd049c-0fa6-4eee-9e29-1b85eeafda53> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://monthlyreview.org/1999/11/01/are-new-trade-wars-looming/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720000.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00025-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964457 | 5,169 | 2.625 | 3 |
With the introduction of the AMD Athlon processor, the supply current requirement for a desktop PC’s processor has, for the first time, surpassed the 40A mark. This, combined with low operating voltage (1.6V nominal) and very tight transient-response requirements, pushes conventional power supply design approaches to their limits. The LTC1929 PolyPhase® current mode controller makes a slight break with convention. Instead of trying to deliver 40A with a single regulator, the load is split in half by paralleling two regulators. The magic, however, is in the phase relationship of the two regulators’ clocks.
The two synchronous buck regulators are connected in parallel and their clocks are synchronized 180° out of phase. This seemingly simple trick results in tremendous performance advantages as well as cost savings. A current mode architecture was chosen to reduce possible problems related to circulating currents that can appear in paralleled voltage mode regulators. Competing solutions use nonsynchronous regulators (using a diode for the low side switch) to eliminate this problem, but suffer a significant efficiency loss as a result.
The high side switch current waveform of a buck regulator is trapezoidal and varies between zero and approximately IOUT. Since the input current is DC, the input capacitors must supply the difference between the instantaneous switch current and the average input current. This places a large ripple current burden on the input capacitor. By interleaving the two regulators, the peak current is halved as one stage tries to “fill the holes” left by the other. The net effect is a dramatic reduction in input capacitor ripple current.
The output ripple is reduced in a similar fashion. While one inductor’s current is increasing, the other’s is decreasing. There is also a significant reduction in the required inductor energy storage (approximately 75%). The inductor’s volume, and therefore cost, are reduced as well. See Linear Technology’s Application Note 77 for complete details.
In addition to a significant reduction in output ripple current, the power supply’s maximum available current slew rate is dramatically increased. During a load step, the two inductors behave as if they were connected in parallel, while during steady-state operation, they appear to operate in series. The result is very low ripple and blazingly fast dynamic performance. The reduced ripple also takes a smaller bite out of the total error budget, leaving that much more margin for transient response. The bottom line is a significant reduction in the required output capacitance.
Figure 1 is the schematic of the AMD Athlon-optimized circuit. The design is quite straightforward: there are essentially two identical synchronous buck regulators connected in parallel. The controller drives them 180° out of phase. The LTC1929 has large gate drivers (approximately 1.5Ω) so it can drive large MOSFETs efficiently. There is also an accurate differential amplifier in the feedback path for easy remote sensing of both the output voltage and ground. The two PWM stages share a common error amplifier, which ensures that both channels provide the same amount of current to the load. Load sharing is therefore “open loop,” eliminating oscillations in the share circuit that can occur with other approaches.
Figure 2 illustrates the efficiency for the circuit in Figure 1. The basic design will also operate with 12V as the main input source. The efficiency will be several points lower in this instance, but there may be advantages at the system-design level that need to be considered. Figure 3 shows the response of the regulator to a transient load step of 3A to 30A. To minimize PCB space, the design uses four 1000μF surface mount tantalum output capacitors. If lowest cost is an overriding objective, twelve 3900μF aluminum electrolytic capacitors can be substituted. If VID control is desired, the LTC1709 offers the same performance as the LTC1929 and includes a 5-bit VID DAC to program the output voltage from 1.3V to 3.5V. | <urn:uuid:ad5ef8f3-6f2f-4e80-b5c3-aa67c408ff66> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.analog.com/ru/design-notes/polyphase-surface-mount-power-supply.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.928939 | 832 | 2.890625 | 3 |
15 January 2012
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This is an UNCERTIFIED copy for information/reference. For authentic copy please refer to certified copy only. In case of any mistake, please bring it to the notice of Deputy Registrar(Copying).
HIGH COURT OF JUDICATURE AT ALLAHABAD
?Court No. - 33
Case :- WRIT - A No. - 598 of 2012
Petitioner :- Gautam Kumar Srivastava
Respondent :- State Of U.P. & Others
Petitioner Counsel :- Agnihotri Kumar Tripathi,Anil Singh Bishen
Respondent Counsel :- C.S.C.,C.N. Tripathi,R.A. Akhtar
Hon'ble Sudhir Agarwal,J.
Petitioner has challenged validity of Clause 1(1) (Kha) of Notification dated 23.8.2010 and Clause 1 (1) (Kha) of Notification dated 29.7.2011 whereby it provides that a person, to be eligible for appointment on the post of Teacher in Primary School, will have to undergo a training which shall be conducted by appropriate Government in accordance with guidelines framed by NCTE. It is contended that this part of Regulation is ultra vires of the Basic Education Act, 1972 which confers power upon State Government to permit Basic Education Board for conducting such examination.
The submission is thoroughly misconceived. In exercise of powers under Section 23 of Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, National Council of Teachers Education has been named as Authorized Authority to lay down minimum qualification in furtherance thereof it has recognized Teachers Eligibility Test which is conducted by State Government. It cannot be said the said provision in any manner is repugnant to the Provincial Statue and in any case if that is so, the Central Statute has to prevail for the reason that State Act has not been given Presidential consent and therefore under Article 252 of the Constitution it is the Central Act which shall prevail.
Prima facie I am not satisfied that there is any irregularity or illegality in the aforesaid two provisions. | <urn:uuid:acadd295-7fff-4695-bbb9-21cf78952303> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://tatkalnews.blogspot.in/2012/01/latest-uptet-news_9954.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00536-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.872058 | 657 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Credit try currency you use and rehearse to acquire anything from market to another house, of course, if you’d pay the financial institution later, usually during the a charge. It’s getting some thing in life when you lack the economic mode. You may be spending-money regarding a financial otherwise charge card team. Here are the different varieties of credit .
Open Borrowing from the bank
Discover credit is an effective preapproved financing anywhere between a lending institution and you may a borrower which you can use once or twice to good specific restriction immediately after which repaid before deadline. The financial institution will identify this new preapproved amount about lender-borrower arrangement.
You are given an unbarred-finished credit line with a set restriction that you can draw to your as needed, paying only interest on loan amount. Playing cards and you can credit lines try prominent discover-end borrowing from the bank products. You might mark on credit line forever for those who pay-off the quantity. You are capable retrieve money through cheque, mastercard, otherwise electronic transfer.
Certain kinds of unlock-stop credit have no termination big date. Such as for instance, you could potentially pay your debt and you can reborrow with credit cards so long as the card issuer enables you to continue using the financing product. You could potentially indefinitely make use of your discover-prevent charge card in the event the card company remains running a business while the account is in a good position. Though some lines of credit, such as for instance signature loans, has put mark and you may cost attacks, you’ve still got many years to help you borrow and you can pay.
From the cyclic characteristics out of readily available credit, it appears in your credit report differently off their borrowing. Your credit limit and you will matter dictate your own borrowing use speed, which can help otherwise hinder your credit score based on how you utilize the fresh new membership.
Electricity invoices, fuel bills, cellphone expense, and the like are common examples of accessible credit, i.elizabeth., have fun with earliest, shell out after, and you can offered to someone.
Payment Borrowing from the bank
Banks give borrowing from the bank when it comes to installment borrowing. After you and obtain credit from a bank in the way of that loan, the financial institution sets a precise month-to-month payment and you can attract since the mortgage repayment opportinity for a fixed go out till the loan try repaid completely, along with desire. If a debtor doesn’t create a repayment percentage on time, the lending company otherwise investment business imposes a penalty.
If you get cost credit, your acquire some currency and also make repaired monthly repayments through to the duty are paid down. You could pay payment credit straight back more days or many years. Its rate of interest is constant or changeable, and thus it might increase or fall-in the near future.
Additional expenditures may connect with installment fund, such as origination or late charge. Prior to taking away a fees borrowing from the bank, you need to cautiously data the financing agreement to determine the actual number might pay.
Home financing are that loan used to money the acquisition away from property. If you’re unable to generate mortgage payments, their bank get repossess your residence. Mortgage loans are in terms of ten, ten, or 30 years, that have a fixed or variable rate of interest.
Also, if the down payment was less than 20% of your own residence’s price, you are accountable for closure costs, taxes, and you will potentially private home loan insurance coverage.
Car loans, such as mortgage loans, normally you would like a down payment while the reduce steadily the fees borrowing from the bank, the greater the brand new advance payment. A motor vehicle loan, such as for instance home financing, try protected by the vehicle, for example if you can’t pay the mortgage, your car is repossessed by loaning business.
A car financing usually has a period of thirty-six in order to 72 days, however, lengthened terms and conditions get usual. Centered on Experian research, 38 per cent of the latest traveler car loans in the first quarter of 2019 varied off 61 so you’re able to 72 days.
A consumer loan can be used for different things, such debt consolidation or do-it-yourself capital. Unsecured loans are unsecured, instead of mortgage loans otherwise automotive loans, which are secure. Consequently, according to your credit score, their attention pricing could come to as much as 36 per cent. Signature loans on $step 1,000 to $50,100 range is actually routinely considering, which have a repayment lifetime of two so you can 5 years.
Revolving borrowing was proceeded borrowing where in fact the bank gives credit for the debtor as long as new membership is newest and you can open courtesy regular repayments, such a credit card, that gives borrowing regularly that have a borrowing limit and you can monthly otherwise every quarter costs necessary. The lending company commonly offer borrowing from the bank monthly as membership will stay unlock up to finalized.
A credit limit is made on an effective rotating borrowing membership, showing the maximum amount of credit spent on the new membership. You can repay your debt after for every battery charging stage or bring it send monthly, that is also known as “revolving” the bill.
A month-to-month minimum fee is necessary when an equilibrium are rotated. That it fee might be a set count, like $25, or a percentage of one’s full payment, any type of is actually deeper; you can find advice in the small print of the revolving borrowing contract.
One outstanding obligations will additionally be susceptible to monthly interest. (A credit card or line of credit which have a zero percent basic speed are an exception to this rule). There is most costs, such as for instance yearly, origination, or later fee costs.
Credit cards, lines of credit, and family collateral lines of credit all are types of rotating borrowing from the bank (HELOCs). You need to use credit cards to have large or nothing sales; personal lines of credit are frequently regularly financing thorough household restorations otherwise repairs expenditures.
A credit line makes you withdraw funds from your own membership around your credit limit, of course you pay it off, your own credit limit increases. The most important thing that you know about 500 Credit history Credit Cards for the very best of revolving credit.
Secured and you will Unsecured Borrowing from the bank
A guaranteed borrowing mortgage otherwise credit line occurs when good bank approves predicated on security or present possessions including real home or other valuable merchandise. While the bank features a directly to brand new guarantee inside financing standard, which borrowing typically has a higher borrowing limit and you can a lower interest. Secured credit could be accustomed loans highest purchases such as for instance auto loans and you may home mortgages.
Unsecured borrowing from the bank try financing or credit line provided by a lender in order to a qualifying applicant considering its credit score, monetary balance, payday loans Anson or any other underwriting conditions. Unsecured borrowing from the bank, in lieu of secure credit, does not require guarantee or other property while the a vow from installment. This is why, since the lender welcomes a high risk if your debtor defaults with the financing, unsecured credit tend to carries a high interest rate.
To alter your credit score, mix-up your credit account and sustain tabs on him or her. Your credit rating will increase when you have all of these brands out of borrowing and use them correctly. But not, their out of control need could have the exact opposite feeling. Create wise decisions. | <urn:uuid:df0f70a0-20a6-49be-a900-87fb576fec10> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tradicnitruhlari.cz/different-types-of-borrowing-you-have-to-know-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.957539 | 1,601 | 1.921875 | 2 |
First Battle of the Fords of IsenEdit
- Main article: First Battle of the Fords of Isen
Outcome: Pyrrhic Rohirrim victory
Saruman's problem with conquering Rohan swiftly was Théoden's son Théodred and his cousin Éomer, for these two men were strong-willed and powerful. Saruman knew he had to kill them as soon as possible in order to achieve victory, so he launched an attack on the Fords of Isen, which was a very important strategic position in Rohan, for it was the only way for large armies to cross the Isen River. Prince Théodred personally commanded the Riders to victory, but after the battle it was very obvious to the Rohirrim that Saruman had clearly given orders to his troops to kill the crown prince of Rohan at all cost. If Saruman would have sent his troops into battle with the aim to destroy the Rohirrim, this would have surely been a victory for Isengard and not Rohan. He would have been able to continue the conquering of the Westfold and destroy the army sent out from Edoras before it reached Helm's Deep to reinforce the tiny garrison there. Even Gandalf's arrival at Edoras could have not happened, and the war would have been won by Isengard.Théodred had heard of a troop-gathering in Isengard, and wanted to defeat Saruman's army before it was fully gathered. He left three companies of cavalry on the eastern shore whilst he himself took eight companies and a company of bowmen to meet Saruman's troops. But Saruman had already gathered all his troops and sent them south, where they dug in and expected Théodred and his army. Éomer defeated a troop of Uruks about 20 miles north of the Fords and went on to attack the main army, not knowing that they were expecting him. He ran into them, and wanted to retreat, but fresh troops from Isengard had fallen into his western flank. The companies following Théodred's arrived soon and defeated the enemies in Théodred's back. But as he looked across the river, he saw another army of Isengard marching south to the Fords. Théodred immediately ordered the retreat to the Fords, but they were followed by the Uruks. Grimbold took command over the troops on the western shore, and Théodred took the little hill in the middle of the river to safely guard Grimbold if he had to retreat. But Isengard’s eastern army had now found the Rohirrim on the eastern shore and attacked with Wargs, followed by two battalions of Uruks. The unprepared troops on the eastern shore were swiftly destroyed, and Théodred's retreating armies, who were on the eastern shore, fled south along the Isen, being chased by the Uruk-hai all the while. As the Uruks had control over the eastern shore, they sent a troop of orc-men armed with axes to attack the little hill Théodred was holding. At the same time, Grimbold was attacked on the western shore. The Dunlendings had surrounded the hill and were closing in on Théodred and his men, who cried for help. Grimbold heard this and took a small company of Rohirrim around him to aid Théodred. He hewed a path through the axe-men and reached Théodred a second too late, as he was struck by a big orc-man. Grimbold killed the orc-man and thought Théodred was dead; and if it not were for Elfhelm, he himself would have died that very moment. Elfhelm had come from Edoras and led four companies of cavalry into the battle to reinforce the beleaguered Rohirrim. Isengard's forces were surprised by this new army coming from the east as the Sun rose over the horizon. In the blinding sunlight, the Uruk-hai thought that Elfhelm brought a far larger army than he actually did, and many fled from the field—the deserters were pursued by two companies of Rohirrim, while those that stood their ground were all killed. Elfhelm had ordered the other two companies to guard the eastern shore and took his own guard to charge the hill where Grimbold was fighting. The Dunlendings were being attacked from both sides and were soon killed. The Rohirrim still held both shores, and Elfhelm charged up the hill to where Grimbold was fighting for Théodred's wounded body. Elfhelm rescued Grimbold, and they bent over Théodred to hear his last words: "Let me lie here to protect the Fords, until Eomer arrives". He died soon after speaking those words. As night fell, the Uruks at the western shore retreated. The next morning Théodred’s troops that were chased south by the initial Uruk-hai force arrived, telling the surviving Rohirrim that the Uruks had fled the battlefield, like at the western shore of the Fords.
This was the first battle of the Fords of Isen.
Second Battle of the Fords of IsenEdit
- Main article: Second Battle of the Fords of Isen
Outcome: Isengard victory
The command of the ford's garrison was given to Erkenbrand of the Westfold. However, until he arrived from Helm's Deep, Grimbold held the position. Grimbold decided to place foot soldiers at the ford and put Elfhelm's men on the east side where he expected the attack to come from.
Saruman sent a force which was small, but which still outnumbered the defenders. The attackers forced Grimbold to retreat across the ford with heavy losses. Grimbold held the eastern side of the ford and waited for Elfhelm to come to his aid. More than half of Saruman's force was attacking Grimbold's position.
Some Warg Riders and their followers went through the gap between the two Rohirrim forces and tried to surround Elfhelm. Although he knew Grimbold was in danger, Elfhelm retreated eastwards. Grimbold was still holding his position when he saw torches coming from the north and from Isengard - the vanguard of Saruman's reinforcements advancing towards him. Before he knew it, they had crossed the ford. He could not hold the ford so he retreated to his camp and made a shield wall around it.
Even though the Rohirrim were surrounded, still the forces of Isengard could not break through. Grimbold knew he could not hold out forever. With no sign of Elfhelm and no help from Erkenbrand, he decided to try to break out. He mounted all the riders for whom he had horses and made a gap on the east side of the wall through which the riders passed. They formed into two groups and attacked the north and south sides simultaneously. In the ensuing confusion, the remaining Rohirrim retreated on foot as quickly as they could in the dark.
Saruman's commander had finished his first task of creating a supply route into Rohan and he now moved on to his more important task - the Hornburg. | <urn:uuid:15ad6588-efab-4419-95c9-87451e3cf671> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://lotr.wikia.com/wiki/Battles_of_the_Fords_of_Isen | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00570-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.990437 | 1,521 | 2.578125 | 3 |
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