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If Jesus' words in the Gospel came from almost anyone else, we would consider them unhinged.
This Sunday we celebrate the Passover – not the one where the Jews escaped the plagues of Egypt, but the one where we escape a world destined for destruction.
It is the 33rd Sunday (Year B), the dramatic end of the liturgical year.
If Jesus’ words in the Gospel came from almost anyone else, we would consider them unhinged.
He speaks about a tribulation after which “the sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light, and the stars will be falling from the sky, and the powers in the heavens will be shaken.”
But then “the Son of Man” will come “in the clouds with great power and glory.” The angels will be sent out to gather his “elect.”
“Heaven and earth will pass away,” he insists, and tell us to expect it imminently, though “that day or hour, no one knows.”
Daniel foresaw the whole thing — but he also saw that we would have an escape hatch.
The First Reading describes the same event as the Gospel, and calls it “unsurpassed in distress.”
Whether we are alive or dead will not matter. Daniel describes two fates possible for each soul: “Many of those who sleep in the dust of the earth shall awake; some shall live forever, others shall be an everlasting horror and disgrace.”
But like Moses in Egypt, “At that time there shall arise Michael, the great prince, guardian of your people.”
Like Moses, the archangel who is Satan’s nemesis will get us out and safe.
“At that time your people shall escape, everyone who is found written in the book.”
The Jews were promised a land of their own. So are we. “The wise shall shine brightly like the splendor of the firmament, and those who lead the many to justice shall be like the stars forever.”
The Church asks us to focus on “4 Last Things”: What are they?
If these words don’t scare us, they should. We already know that their basic premise is true.
We don’t need metaphoric language and dire signs to know the earth is fragile. Everything we see is destined to die and decay. The world as we know it will certainly end.
The consequences of that are enormous: It means that God’s power really is the foundation of all things. It means that our relationship to God really is the one true thing in our life, ultimately. It means that all of the things we prefer to God fall short.
Says Jesus: “Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will not pass away.”
If we love Christ above all things then we need not fear that everything we know and love will ever be torn from us. Quite the contrary: The things that keep us from the one thing that matters will finally melt away.
We even have a Passover meal to mark and prepare us.
In the original Passover, the Jewish people had to sacrifice a lamb and mark their houses with its blood for the angel of death to pass by.
The Second Reading tells us how to join the one sacrifice of the Lamb of God: in the Mass, which is better than what Moses had.
We don’t have a priest who has to offer “frequently those same sacrifices that can never take away sins.” Jesus Christ “offered one sacrifice for sins, and took his seat forever at the right hand of God.”
“By one offering,” says the letter, “he has made perfect forever those who are being consecrated.”
The Eucharist is the source and summit of our whole Christian life. Everything in our faith leads to it or from it — we get baptized so we can receive the Eucharist. We live the commandments of God so that we can receive the Eucharist, and we receive the Eucharist so we can live the commandments. When we fail, we go to confession so that we can be forgiven our sin to eat this meal.
And what is the purpose of the Eucharist? To prepare us for eternal life.
Don’t leave Mass with a forked tongue, says pope
So, as the Liturgical Year ends, get ready.
There are 33 years in Jesus’ life, and 33 weeks in Ordinary Time in the Church. Then comes the feast of “Our Lord Jesus Christ King of the Universe,” and then the cycle starts over with Advent.
No one knows the day or hour the end of the world will come. But the Church wants to expect it always.
“Be vigilant at all times and pray that you have the strength to stand before the Son of Man,” says Sunday’s uncharacteristically dire Gospel acclamation.
The end of the world will be terrible — unless we have put Jesus first in our lives.
All the times Jesus warned of Hell
Do recent catastrophes signal the end of the world is near? | <urn:uuid:d7895ee2-12cf-4cf2-8c7f-23cc9d719b5f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aleteia.org/2018/11/15/sundays-mass-reveals-our-one-escape-from-certain-destruction/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.946943 | 1,125 | 2.46875 | 2 |
GENEALOGY-DNA-L ArchivesArchiver > GENEALOGY-DNA > 2008-11 > 1227189293
Subject: [DNA] PubMed abstract: mtDNA in Italy
Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2008 08:54:53 EST
Int J Legal Med. 2008 May;122(3):199-204. Epub 2007 Oct 20.
Italian mitochondrial DNA database: results of a collaborative exercise and
Turchi C, Buscemi L, Previderè C, Grignani P, Brandstätter A, Achilli A,
Parson W, Tagliabracci A; Ge.F.I. Group.
Collaborators: Alú M, Beduschi G, Bini C, Boschi I, Carnevali E, Gino S,
Giunti L, Lancia M, Pascali V, Pelotti S, Presciuttini S, Ricci U, Robino C.
Department of Neuroscience, Section of Legal Medicine, Università Politecnica
delle Marche, 60020 Ancona, Italy.
This work is a review of a collaborative exercise on mtDNA analysis
undertaken by the Italian working group (Ge.F.I.). A total of 593 samples from 11
forensic genetic laboratories were subjected to hypervariable region (HVS-I/HVS-II)
sequence analysis. The raw lane data were sent to MtDNA Population Database
(EMPOP) for an independent evaluation. For the inclusion of data for the
Italian database, quality assurance procedures were applied to the control region
profiles. Only eight laboratories with a final population sample of 395 subjects
passed the quality conformance test. Control region haplogroup (hg)
assignments were confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing of
the most common European hg-diagnostic sites. A total of 306 unique
haplotypes derived from the combined analysis of control and coding region
polymorphisms were found; the most common haplotype--CRS, 263, 309.1C, 315.1C/ not7025
AluI--was shared by 20 subjects. The majority of mtDNAs detected in the Italian
population fell into the most common west Eurasian hgs: R0a (0.76%), HV
(4.81%), H (38.99%), HV0 (3.55%), J (7.85%), T (13.42%), U (11.65%), K (10.13%), I
(1.52%), X (2.78%), and W (1.01%).
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PMID: 17952451 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] | <urn:uuid:4ca3939f-7ced-4916-bf43-250b04447c13> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/GENEALOGY-DNA/2008-11/1227189293 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720475.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00353-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.780761 | 595 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Through our training and capacity building we share this knowledge with professionals from government, the private sector and civil society. We provide the skills people need to implement responsible natural resource management in practice; to understand and improve the sustainability of their supply chains; and to develop and audit against practical and effective sustainability policies and standards.
What do we do?
Our capacity development takes a variety of forms, including public training courses, customised training events, mentoring and organisational support. For example:
- We provide public training courses through our International Training Programme. These include our regular Annual Training Programme, and courses on implementation and auditing of RSPO standards; understanding and assessing High Conservation Values (HCVs); and implementation of sustainability standards in production and supply chains.
- We develop and present bespoke training courses and capacity building for companies and other organisations. These cover aspects such as sustainable natural resource management, responsible sourcing, implementing RSPO requirements, the HCV approach, and meeting the EU Timber Regulation.
- The Africa Practitioners’ Network (APN) provides opportunities for qualified and trainee auditors to take part in real, mentored FSC and RSPO audits and HCV assessments.
- We hold a wide range of awareness raising and capacity building events. The RSPO Roadshow ran in 2012 and 2013 in six countries in Africa, while in Latin America we have run events such as the Technical Week on Sustainable Palm in Belém, Brazil.
Who do we work with?
We work in partnership with many local organisations and training providers to develop and deliver training courses and capacity-building work suitable for local conditions. We work closely with certification schemes and sustainability initiatives to develop courses for auditors and practitioners that meet their needs.
Proforest delivers the RSPO Roadshow in collaboration with an alliance of partners that includes RSPO, Conservation International, Solidaridad, WWF, the HCV Resource Network, ZSL and GIZ. | <urn:uuid:f9a046ab-d2a0-4ae2-be22-e6f780f4ec34> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.proforest.net/en/about-us/our-expertise/developing-capacity | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00272-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919971 | 402 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Posted by: Craig Woolheater on October 2nd, 2013
DALLAS (CBS 11 NEWS) – Bigfoot is real–just ask the researchers who have logged countless hours to prove their beliefs.
New photos and videos filled with never before seen images were released Tuesday by a group known as the Sasquatch Genome Project. They were in Dallas Tuesday to unveil its findings.
Dr. Melba Ketchum, a genetics scientist led the project. “We want people to understand this is a serious study,” said Ketchum.
The five-year study costs more than $500,000. It was funded by businessman Adrian Erickson.
Erikson says he has had numerous encounters with Sasquatch creatures–and says he has the images and science to back their existence. But he says he also understands the stigma and disbelief that comes with BigFoot.
“People have chosen not to believe it. They can’t find it in their minds to think these things exist.”
So the group of researchers and scientists set out to track what they call the furry people.
The group says it followed a mother and daughter in Kentucky collecting thermal imagery, daytime and nighttime video, along with, photos of massive hand and footprints.
The group says there are thousands of these creatures in the United States including right here in North Texas.
But the strongest evidence the group says its has is DNA evidence. They say it is like nothing that has been seen before in mammals or humans.
“This creature does not follow general rule,” said Dr. Ketchup. “What it does do is very different. We think it is human-hybrid. That is our theory.”
Co-founder of Cryptomundo in 2005. I have appeared in or contributed to the following TV programs, documentaries and films: OLN's Mysterious Encounters: "Caddo Critter", Southern Fried Bigfoot, Travel Channel's Weird Travels: "Bigfoot", History Channel's MonsterQuest: "Swamp Stalker", The Wild Man of the Navidad, Destination America's Monsters and Mysteries in America: Texas Terror - Lake Worth Monster, Animal Planet's Finding Bigfoot: Return to Boggy Creek and Beast of the Bayou. | <urn:uuid:ba64dafe-2a67-41c2-905c-858f2821f44c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cryptomundo.com/bigfoot-report/sasquatch-dna-press-conference-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00255-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96776 | 467 | 2.21875 | 2 |
The Manual of Seed Saving
Harvesting, Storing, and Sowing Techniques for Vegetables, Herbs, and Fruits
by Andrea Heistinger
Timber Press, 2013
List price: $39.95
Growing from seed has always been a standard practice of gardeners, especially those who grow edibles. But it seems to be on the upswing, with concerns about the food supply and GMOs also on the rise.
The Manual of Seed Saving is just that – a manual – with plenty of information on how to go about saving seeds of more than 100 plants. But it also urges us to save seed for more reasons than saving money by not having to buy new seed every year.
Heirloom seeds – those that are saved and passed down over many years (50+) – are important for many reasons. Delicious and hearty varieties might be lost if we don’t make an effort to save them and over time, the seeds we save from our own gardens are ones that grow best right where we live, because of their adaptability.
Horticultural trivia buffs will be fed by the small doses of interesting tidbits sprinkled throughout the pages too. It’s not a book heavy on images, but the format is well-organized and predictable, making it easy to find information in a snap, on most any edible you want to grow.
Andrea Heistinger works professionally as an agronomist, author, and educator. She studied agriculture at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna. She lives and works in the Waldviertel region of Austria and in South Tyrol, Italy. | <urn:uuid:207293e5-e1d9-4ffe-8bbb-c9cdae34a0eb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hortmag.com/gardening-book-reviews/book-review-the-manual-of-seed-saving | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00436-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936475 | 335 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Soybean meal is produced by extracting soybean oil from soybeans. The animals require good quality protein for healthy growth, and therefore soybean meal is used mainly in animal feeds.
Soybean meal is the principal protein source in pig and poultry feeds. Also, it can be used for all farm animals and fish feeding.
The significant protein and energy content of soybean meal makes it possible to create high-protein and high-energy diets without having to use expensive feed components of animal origin, that is why this type of meal is very useful. | <urn:uuid:50ef1660-a21b-4859-9f6f-cb2d1fa689b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nmez.ru/en/product/shrot-soy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.961734 | 115 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Officially designating Russia as a state sponsor of terrorism by the US State Department over its actions in Ukraine would limit the ability of the White House to “exempt some transactions with Russia from Western penalties,” the New York Times reported on Friday, citing a senior US official.
The paper said these exemptions could include ensuring that food exports from Russia are not disrupted by sanctions.
The State Department currently lists Iran, Syria, Cuba, and North Korea as state sponsors of terrorism.
According to the Times, designating Russia as a state sponsor of terrorism could completely sever the already constrained diplomatic ties between Moscow and Washington. State Department officials were said to view the designation as the “nuclear option.”
Responding to a request by Ukrainian President Vladimir Zelensky, the US Senate unanimously passed a non-binding resolution on Thursday calling for Secretary of State Antony Blinken to do just that. Zelensky repeatedly accused Russia of purposefully killing civilians in Ukraine, while Moscow insists that its troops only strike military targets. | <urn:uuid:6ad429df-fce8-415a-b085-522a6a1bc187> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://z-news.link/state-department-resists-calling-russia-sponsor-of-terrorism-nyt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.966988 | 208 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Saying that apartheid lives on in Israel could diminish the value of the term South Africa’s apartheid died in 1994, but the word is alive: Israel is accused of being “the new apartheid” while its founding ideology, Zionism, is attacked as “racism.” How true are these accusations? Mere repetition, however frequent, widespread and fervent, does not in itself give them validity.
Describing Israel as an “emerging apartheid” gathered force in the run-up to the UN anti-racism conference in Durban in August 2001 and was given aggressive expression there. However, after pressure by democratic countries, the subsequent conference of governments expunged virtually every attack on Israel from its final document. The Sept. 11 destruction a few days later pushed the “new apartheid” campaign to the back burner. But in Chicago, Ramallah, Johannesburg, London, Cairo, Sydney, the phrase is increasingly heard.
If the apartheid label is appropriate, it provides a potent political weapon. If, however, the usage is wrong it reduces the vile system of racism perpetrated in South Africa to just another swear word. It also raises questions about the motivation of those who apply it. Clear purpose can indeed be discerned in the efforts to make the apartheid stigma stick: To have Israel viewed as, and declared, illegitimate. That is, to challenge its right to existence – and to ensure that Israelis are made unwelcome abroad and that it becomes politically correct to boycott Israeli products and to discourage investment in the country.
The situations inside and outside the Green Line, the borders determined by the 1967 war, are intertwined but separate. First, the West Bank and Gaza. Israel is the occupier and no occupation is benign. Everyone is suffering — Palestinians as victims and Israelis as perpetrators. Everyone suffers deaths and maimings.
The word “Bantustan” is often used in an accusatory way to describe Israel’s policy about a future Palestinian state. Bantustans were the tribal mini-states created as a means of depriving the black population of citizenship in “white” South Africa. The common element between Israel and the apartheid state is control, seen especially in restrictions on freedom of movement so too is the grabbing of land.
But the root causes are different. White South Africans invented the Bantustans to pen black people into defined reservoirs of labor, being allowed to leave only when working for white South Africa. The Israeli intention is the opposite: To keep out Palestinians, having as little to do with them as possible.
Second, Israel inside the Green Line. In South Africa pre-1994, skin color determined every single person’s life: Where you were born, where you lived, which school you went to, which bus, train, beach, hospital, library, park bench and public toilet you used, with whom you could have sex, what you could study, which jobs you had and hence how much you could earn and ultimately, where you were buried.
In Israel, Arabs are approximately 20 percent of the population. In theory they have full citizenship rights but in practice they suffer extensive discrimination, ranging from land use, diminished job opportunities and lesser social benefits, to reports of a family ordered off a beach. None of this is acceptable, and particularly in a state that prides itself on its democracy. Discrimination occurs despite equality in law and is buttressed by custom – but it is not remotely the South African panoply of discrimination enforced by parliamentary legislation. Anyone who says that Israel is apartheid does not appreciate what apartheid was.
Nor does “Zionism is racism” stand up to scrutiny. Israel has a Jewish majority and they have the right to decide how to order the society, including defining citizenship. If the majority wish to restrict immigration and citizenship to Jews, that might be undesirable in universalist terms but it is their right, just as it is the right of Saudi Arabia not to allow Christians as citizens. Yet it is also clearly unfair to give automatic entry to Jews while denying the “right of return” to Palestinians who fled or were expelled in the wars of 1948 and 1967. This unfairness is a tragic consequence of war, which again is anything but unique to Israel.
The Jewish state was born in pain: It was attacked and Arabs suffered mass dispossession in the war for survival. The many thousands of Arabs who remained in Israel now constitute a sizeable minority. Most countries have minorities; the question is how they deal with them. Some, such as Burundi and Rwanda, or India in 1947, erupt into terrible violence. Greece has an estimated 200,000 Roma who enjoy almost none of the benefits that other Greeks take for granted. Christians are targeted for attack in Nigeria, Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Indonesia and China.
A crucial indicator of the status of Israel’s minority is that Arabs have the vote black South Africans did not. Certainly, Arab citizens lack full power as a minority community, but they have the right and the power to unite among themselves and to ally themselves with others. Change is possible in Israel, and is happening. One example: Mosawa (The Center for Equal Rights for the Arab Population in Israel), acting on a recent law banning discrimination, has launched court action against a Web site offering jobs to Jews only.
Health is a visible indicator of progress. In South Africa in 1985 life expectancy was 71 years for white people and 61 years for black people. In Israel, the gap between Jews and Arabs in the 1980s was 2.3 years; in the 1990s it was 1.2 years. And life expectancy for Arab males, at 74.4 years, compared with 69.6 for the white majority in European countries.
Critics dub the separation barrier that Israel is building the “Apartheid Wall.” The barrier, supported by most Israelis in the hope of gaining security against suicide bombers, is being used as a cover to seize land from Palestinians — it is the cause of immeasurable suffering. Machiavellian, a land grab, misperceived or thieving the barrier might be, but it’s not apartheid.
Underlying everything is the nature of Israeli democracy. That in turn depends on the conception of the Jewish state. Which in turn depends on the definition of who is a Jew. Each is evolving.
Meanwhile, visionary, courageous leadership is lacking. Palestinians undermined the Oslo accords by continuing violent attacks; Israel undermined the accords by continuing to build on the West Bank and Gaza.
The spurious “apartheid” and “Zionism is racism” accusations confuse and distract. Instead, South Africa’s experience should be put to positive use. What can be learned? For Israel, that armed might and oppression cannot crush a people’s spirit and passion for freedom. For Palestinians, there is the African National Congress’s switch to armed struggle in 1961, with the decision not to kill civilians: This proved crucial in persuading white people that they had nothing to fear in negotiating with the ANC. And the most basic South African lesson of all, contact across the lines of division: To create trust so that an agreed future can be forged between Jewish Israelis and Arab Israelis, and between Israelis and Palestinians.
(Originally appeared in The Guardian abridged from a seminar paper) | <urn:uuid:951e343e-8eca-4c9d-b7eb-0dc68c0a8065> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.israel21c.org/israel-and-the-apartheid-lie/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00406-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961579 | 1,512 | 2.59375 | 3 |
"I did see some wording that said, use with external resistor"
If it says that my best "guess" is it means just what it says i.e. it requires the resistor or else it will overheat....Id try that coil WITH the unshunted external ballast n see what happens.
"Since the tractor has 12 volt system should I ask for a 6 volt or 12 volt coil to install on it?"
You can EITHER use a 6 volt coil PLUS the external series voltage dropping (12 to 6) working ballast orrrrrrrrrrrr a 12 volt coil with no ballast required. However to utilize the ballast by pass system for improved cold starting you would need the 6 volt coil plus a good ballast. Id be tempted to just use a new full 12 volt coil (NO ballast required) and do away with any ballast or by pass circuit headaches... | <urn:uuid:0aead781-f055-4f6f-86a7-832ad805ad0f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.yesterdaystractors.com/cgi-bin/viewit.cgi?bd=farmall&th=904937 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00280-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91712 | 189 | 1.710938 | 2 |
The vitamin C current in pomegranate will help to make improvements to the resistance electrical power of the physique in opposition to any kind of bacterial infections. In this way, it will help to enhance up the all round immune program.
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Guarana – a berry-like fruit that accommodates caffeine to elevate metabolic rates and vitality degrees. advanced garcinia cambogia bean – a pumpkin-like fruit that, when synthesized, yields the acid HCA to enrich fats burning and minimize urge for food. Zinc – a mineral that is undoubtedly stated to enrich body fat burning. DHEA – a curious procedure chemical which is in fact considered to contribute to living more time and dropping weight with out exertion. Yerba Mate – an herb that is undoubtedly proving to include things like each and every one type of nutriment acknowledged to sustain daily life. Unbelievable stuff!
This is largely basically since the complement is purely natural and as a result desires some time to blend with the process and make the wanted advantages. The six to 8 months interval is also acceptable since it allows the physique to in a organic way lose the irregular fat consequently producing the reduction prolonged-long lasting.
For herbs having loads of medicinal positive aspects, they are very probable to have some aspect consequences far too. This is really clear, mainly because even the home of decreasing blood pressure can be advantageous or destructive to an person, dependent upon his/her current situation. With cassia seed extract, the negative effects contain psoriasis, triggering of gastrointestinal challenges, increasing bodyweight, exacerbating irritable bowel syndrome and decreasing blood stress. It is revealed to have uterus contraction outcome, that’s why this extract need to not be taken by anticipating girls. | <urn:uuid:22bf8b78-f0ab-44aa-aa13-f6a519a7e2a1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://lyndagadsden.wordpress.com/2014/04/05/sean/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00574-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941649 | 513 | 1.5625 | 2 |
A stairlift is a mechanical gadget for lifting individuals, regularly those with handicaps, all over stairs. For adequately wide stairs, a rail is mounted to the tracks of the stairs. A seat or lifting stage is appended to the rail. The stairlifts bristol gets onto the seat or stage and is lifted up or down the stairs by the seat which moves along the rail. Stairlifts are referred to differently as stairlifts, stair-lifts, seat lifts, stair lightweight flyers, and by different names. This kind of seat lift ought not to be mistaken for the chairlift utilized by skiers. The term stair climber can allude either to stairlifts, or all the more normally to the gym equipment by a similar name. A portion of the primary stairlifts to be created economically were promoted and sold in the U.S. during the 1930s by the Inclinator Company of America. Numerous clients at the time were survivors of polio. Presently they are seen for use in older, fall-inclined people, and the crippled who can’t explore stairs securely.
During the 1920s, C.C. Crispen, a Pennsylvania business visionary, approached to empower his weak companion to make a trip from one story to another. Crispen’s thought was to plan a seat that could climb stairs. A self-trained specialist, he assembled the main model of the slanting seat. He considered it the Inclinator. Preceding this Frederick Muffett of Royal Tunbridge Wells, created and protected the “An Invalid Chair with Tramway for use on Staircases. Notwithstanding, TV student of history Doctor David Starkey has in 2009, discovered proof in a rundown of the assets of King Henry that credits the principal stairlift concocted to the ruler. The 30 stone ruler, harmed through jousting, utilized a seat that was pulled here and there stairs on a square and tackle framework by workers at the old Whitehall Palace in London.
Straight rails for use on homegrown staircases are generally produced using expelled aluminium or steel and come in different cross-sectional shapes. These rails may, ordinarily, weigh more than 30 kg, contingent upon the length. In many applications, they are joined to the means with metal brackets. If a rail crosses an entryway at the lower part of the stairs or causes a hindrance a pivot can be fitted so the finish of the rail can be collapsed back far removed when not in use. Curved rails are produced using materials, for example, steel or aluminium, and come in different cross-sectional shapes as per the architect. Singular plans change a ton and likely the key standard is to make the bends with the littlest span conceivable so they will wrap firmly around items.
The segments of bent rails are typically bundled well to forestall harm on the way and are opened up and amassed on site. Rails for wheelchair stage stairlifts might be gotten to dividers notwithstanding the progression fixings. Stairs are not reasonable for wheelchairs and different vehicles. A stairlift is a mechanical gadget for lifting wheelchairs here and on their stairs. For adequately wide stairs, a rail is mounted to the tracks of the stairs or joined to the divider. A seat is joined to the rail and the individual on the seat is lifted as the seat moves along the rail. | <urn:uuid:478c5dc0-6681-4719-ba29-940f3b0e8adc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.reclaimedbuildingmaterial.com/history-of-stairlift-and-its-features/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.961374 | 693 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Like all animals, dogs have a very specialized form of communication. How dogs communicate is truly fascinating.
You may have already noticed it, but dogs do greet one another. Usually, dogs will each take a turn to circle one another and sniff each of their muzzles and then finally the genital area.
In a perfect world, this is a cool and collected introduction between dogs. They learn a lot through smelling each other. This can be weird to us humans, but this is totally perfect for them.
Through their sense of smell
Dogs and other animals that investigate things using their sense of smell, have an organ called the Jacobson’s or vomeronasal organ, found in their nasal cavity.
Basically, they learn a lot of things about the other animal through the chemicals they pick up. They can detect odors that help them understand whether it’s a male or female dog, as well as identifying the other canine.
Because of this behavior, dogs are able to communicate with other dogs in a way that is beyond human understanding.
The way their body moves
We assume that as long as the dog is wagging its tail, it means that he is friendly and contented. But it’s not always the case. We need to look at our dog to understand his body signals.
A dog can still wag its tail while he is very tense. This is usually a sign that the dog is defensive or alert.
How the ears move and are positioned can also signal a different reaction. Ears that are moved forward can mean that your pet is highly interested or agitated. If the dog’s ears are pinned tightly against its head, he may be stressed or worried.
A dog’s eyes may also play a role. If its eyes are staring hard at something, it means they are feeling defensive or concerned. But if their gaze is soft and expressive, it means that they are relaxed.
The most common body signal, that almost all humans show the same reaction to, is when your dog snarls, with their teeth exposed. It can only mean one thing – that they are upset and are ready to bite.
Another way dogs communicate with each other is through barking. However, barks can vary widely, especially in tone and intensity. If your dog is barking, you can check out what, or who, they are barking at.
This will give you an idea as to what they are trying to communicate. Are they excited to meet other dogs? Or are they frustrated? Barking has different patterns to it and it should give you an idea what your dog is trying to convey.
And just like humans, for dogs to have a “meaningful communication”, two or more should exhibit alertness and attentiveness.
If you notice that only one dog is doing all the “talking”, such as chasing without taking turns, or pinning another dog, then this is a potentially harmful behavior. This is an undesirable introduction that we owners must learn to understand.
The fact of the matter is, dogs communicate with each other in their own special way. What’s important is that you know how to handle them, when they encounter other dogs and animals.
Other Similar Articles You May Enjoy:
Take a look at our comprehensive article on how to make your dog happier
For a more comprehensive, in-depth analysis of how dogs communicate, take a look at this excellent article on Dog Communication and Body Language: https://centerforshelterdogs.tufts.edu/dog-behavior/dog-communication-and-body-language/
For a look at how important socialization is to your canine friend, take a look at our article on it here: https://thebarkingblog.com/how-important-socialization-is-to-your-canine-friend/
For handy hints and tips on how to have a successful trip to your local dog park, read all about it here: https://thebarkingblog.com/dog-park-dos-and-donts/
This super-smart Norwegian border collie has a very special talent. Find out what it is here | <urn:uuid:fd555487-75f0-4dac-afe1-c3a493ff81d7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thebarkingblog.com/communication-how-dogs-do-it/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.964564 | 873 | 3.390625 | 3 |
If you’re a breastfeeding mom, you know that there are many different positions that work well for bottle feeding your baby. However, which position is the best for your specific needs? Here are five of the best positions for breastfeeding moms to try: The kneeling or sitting up position. This is the most common position for breastfeeding mothers, and it’s also the easiest position to get into. You simply need to kneel or sit up with your legs bent and your baby in front of you. If you’re using a nipple shield, you may need to prop yourself up with one hand so that your arm is free to move around. The side-lying position. If you want to be able to see your baby while you breastfeed, the side-lying position is a good option. You should place your baby on his or her back on the bed, and then lie down next to them. The prone (on back) position. If you want more support when breastfeeding, the prone (on back) position is a good option. You should place your baby on his or her back on the bed, and then lean over him or her with your hands by their sides.
When bottle feeding your baby, you’ll want to find a comfortable position for both of you. You can cradle the baby with one arm in the crook of your other arm, or place one arm on the baby’s back and one hand around the bottle. You can also use a nursing pillow to support your breast while breastfeeding.
Position yourself on your side
When bottle feeding a baby, it is important to position yourself on your side so that the baby’s head is supported by your shoulder and the bottle is in the middle of your chest. There after childbirth care tips for new mothers will help keep the baby’s head up and prevent SIDS. When bottle feeding, it’s important to find a comfortable position for you and your baby. Here are some best positions for bottle feeding: Sitting up in a chair with your baby cradled against your chest. This is the most common position for feeding babies. Kneeling on the floor next to the bed with your baby in your lap. This is a comfortable position for both you and the baby. Lying on your side with your baby facing you. This is a good position if you’re having trouble breastfeeding because it gives you more access to the breast. Standing up with your baby in your arms. This is a good position if you’re short on time or if you’re struggling to hold onto the bottle while breastfeeding. When bottle feeding your infant, make sure to use a thick cloth to cover the nipple. This will help to avoid nipple irritation and other problems. When bottle feeding your infant, make sure to use a thick cloth to cover the nipple. This will help to avoid nipple irritation and other problems. A nipple shield can help prevent soreness and help keep your baby from getting a mouthful of Formula. If you are using a bottle with a breastfeeding attachment, make sure the bottle is in the correct position for your child. If the bottle is too high up on the breast, your child may not be able to latch on properly. | <urn:uuid:309c98ed-a1c3-40cc-a776-2257fd593f33> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.islamicfashionfestival.com.my/best-positions-for-bottle-feeding/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.93788 | 660 | 1.695313 | 2 |
1000143 has 6 divisors (see below), whose sum is σ = 1444664.
Its totient is φ = 666756.
The previous prime is 1000133. The next prime is 1000151. The reversal of 1000143 is 3410001.
It is not a de Polignac number, because 1000143 - 29 = 999631 is a prime.
It is a Harshad number since it is a multiple of its sum of digits (9), and also a Moran number because the ratio is a prime number: 111127 = 1000143 / (1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 1 + 4 + 3).
It is a Duffinian number.
1000143 is a modest number, since divided by 143 gives 1 as remainder.
It is a congruent number.
It is not an unprimeable number, because it can be changed into a prime (1000133) by changing a digit.
It is a polite number, since it can be written in 5 ways as a sum of consecutive naturals, for example, 55555 + ... + 55572.
21000143 is an apocalyptic number.
1000143 is a deficient number, since it is larger than the sum of its proper divisors (444521).
1000143 is a wasteful number, since it uses less digits than its factorization.
1000143 is an evil number, because the sum of its binary digits is even.
The sum of its prime factors is 111133 (or 111130 counting only the distinct ones).
The product of its (nonzero) digits is 12, while the sum is 9.
The square root of 1000143 is about 1000.0714974441.
The cubic root of 1000143 is about 100.0047664395.
Adding to 1000143 its reverse (3410001), we get a palindrome (4410144).
The spelling of 1000143 in words is "one million, one hundred forty-three", and thus it is an aban number. | <urn:uuid:06a960e4-30c4-4af2-a499-543878d0b73f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.numbersaplenty.com/1000143 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.916462 | 441 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Simulated job interviews provide a realistic context for developing pragmatic conversational competence. Interactions can be video-taped and jointly analyzed by the student and instructor. Through this process students receive coaching in initiating and responding to interview topics. They also develop metacognitive skills of analyzing, monitoring, and revising their messages to achieve their communicative intent.
The following examples show an instructor and student analyzing segments from a simulated interview that was conducted with the assistance of an interpreter. The comments provided below and the debriefing sessions illustrate the type of instructional feedback and suggestions that can be provided to improve conversational effectiveness in general and in an interview situation in particular.
In this segment the student took responsibility for introducing herself and the interpreter, she responded appropriately to the query "Who are you", and she used a communication strategy ("let me think for a second") that is appropriate for a job interview.
In this segment the student did well in answering questions about why she chose NTID and her major. The instructor can make suggestions for how the student can improve her answer by giving more details about her skill in using the software applications she named.
Strengths and Weaknesses
In this segment the student responded well to the query about her strengths and she turned a negative, a specification of a weakness, into a positive by showing how she's trying to make improvements. It is valuable to point out that everyone has weaknesses and an employer likes a student to demonstrate self-awareness by identifying them. It may also be valuable to point out that whereas she provided an adequate answer to the question about her strengths, she did not take advantage of the opportunity to give examples or show her work, such as a Power Point presentation available in her portfolio.
Sometimes the instructor asks questions and discusses a student's experience in order to help them find details and examples to use in answering questions. Here is another instructional segment that followed viewing of the "teamwork" segment.
After probing and discussion, the student should have an opportunity to again answer the original question. In this instructional segment the student is responding to the question "Why do you like teamwork?"
It is important that student's know it is acceptable and appropriate for them to use communication strategies such as asking for repetition or clarification when they do not understand questions. Here is an instructional segment that followed a viewing of the above segment.
At the conclusion of a debriefing it is helpful to ask the student what she would do differently during the next interview. In this instructional segment, the student mentions three or four ways she could improve her next interview. Write down the student's ideas for future reference.
One instructional strategy is to have students watch their own and/or other student interviews and critique performance. The following excerpts from practice interviews provide examples of how review and critique can be used as an instructional strategy.
In this segment the instructor has viewed an interview with the student and is making suggestions for improvement. The instructor is focusing on changing the grammar to improve the clarity of a response.
In this segment an instructor is commenting on an interview and providing suggestions regarding explanations. The student is applauded for providing an explanation about the relay service instead of just mentioning it.
In this segment the student responds to the question "Do you know of any problems you will encounter in communicating on a team?" Notice how the student is able to explain differences in his communication preferences and needs in 1:1, group and phone communication.
In this segment the student responds to “Do you know anything about our company?” and "Do you have any questions for me?" Notice that the student makes polite remarks even when he doesn’t know about the company and is able to ask two questions. His interview could be strengthened by doing research about the company and planning his questions ahead of time. He also could have suggested that the interviewer contact him by e-mail and he could have asked the interviewer for a business card. Notice, however, that he had a polite ending, shaking hands with the interviewer and thanking him. | <urn:uuid:930d85d4-8206-4261-a247-6bec029da09b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ntid.rit.edu/slpros/instruction/pragmatic/interviews | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00227-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961378 | 816 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Pakistan authorities have banned all kinds of gatherings, indoor or outdoor, with immediate effect due to the 3rd Covid wave…reports Asian Lite News.
Pakistan has imposed a complete ban on public gatherings in strengthened efforts to counter the ongoing third wave of the coronavirus pandemic, according to a statement from the National Command and Operation Center (NCOC).
All kinds of gatherings, indoor or outdoor, will be banned with immediate effect, Xinhua news agency quoted the statement issued on Sunday ass aying.
It added that the ban covers all social, cultural, political, sports and other events.
There will also be a complete ban on marriage functions, indoor or outdoor, from April 5.
However, provinces will be at liberty to implement restrictions in early time frame as per the situation on ground, said the statement.
Amid a rising number of coronavirus cases, Prime Minister Imran Khan, who had also tested positive for the virus earlier this week, on Sunday urged citizens to strictly follow the standard operating procedures as the country cannot afford a complete lockdown.
The third wave of the pandemic is more severe than the previous ones, therefore Pakistanis should strictly adhere to the health guidelines, including wearing a mask and avoiding gatherings, Khan said in a televised address to the nation.
According to data released by the NCOC on Sunday, 4,767 new confirmed coronavirus cases were reported in Pakistan in the last 24 hours, taking the country’s total tally to 654,591 with 14,215 deaths. | <urn:uuid:ef9dde20-41c3-4b31-abdf-9b981c3c723c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://asianlite.com/2021/asia-news/public-gatherings-banned-in-pakistan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.944531 | 311 | 1.59375 | 2 |
The following works from another directory:
But, if I do this from within the same folder, how would I do it?
THE SOLUTION (edited this in after much experimentation):
I experimented A LOT!!! There is only ONE solution that ultimately worked:
The SAME thing as from the other directory! Pretty strange that there is no other way to call this from within its own directory. But I cannot find another alternative that actually works.
How do I get a list of all files (and directories) in a given directory in Python?
I am using MS access to output some XML files based on my table data. In order for this to happen, I need my script to create the directory if it does not exist. The directory should be based in a fie
I just want to write a program which takes a directory name as argument Validate that it is in fact a directory Get a listing of all files in the directory and print it
On my old VPS I was using the following code to copy the files and directories within a directory to a new directory that was created after the user submitted their form. function copyr($source, $dest
I have two directories in the same parent directory. Call the parent directory base and the children directories alpha and bravo. I want to replace alpha with bravo. The simplest method is: rm -rf alp
I am trying to copy a directory into another directory using the following code but for some reason, it is only copying the contents of the directory and not the directory itself. Try My.Computer.Fil
Is It possible to include sibling directory as Sub-Directory inside cmake ? Something like A CMakeLists.txt B CMakeLists.txt and B includes A as sub-directory ?
I need a quick yes/no answer on this... Is it possible to get a Directory Watch Class to watch a directory and its sub directories (all the way down) or does the Directory Watch Class only monitor cha
I am attempting to upload an image directory to a MySQL table. I upload the image to a folder through PHP and what I had planned on doing was to copy the directory of the file to the table where it ca
My app is creating a directory so that I can store log files in it. I'm adding user security to the directory, but I don't know how to make it propagate. For example, I'm adding the user everyone to t
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I am using Directory.GetCurrentDirectory() function. After I get current directory path I need to move two directories up and to get the path of this derictory to the path variable. Any idea how I can
I have a directory D:/INPUT/test1 that I'd like to copy in another directory D:/OUTPUT. I tried many methods but none of them have worked. For example I tried the method explained at https://stac
How can I create a directory inside NSTemporaryDirectory? I tried something like: [NSTemporaryDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@/myTmp/]; followed by the file name, but it didn't work.
How do I get the path to parent directory in R? I have to write an R script that takes input from a directory in the parent directory and outputs data into another directory in the parent folder. So,
When i am compiling my code with makefiles(I have 12 makefiles) there is an error telling make.exe: Leaving directory Error 2 whats the reason for this..? Also what is the Error 2 or Error 1 m
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I'd like to create python command line code that is able to print directory tree with sizes of all subdirectories (from certain directory) and most frequent extensions... I will show the example outpu
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I'm looking for an image slider tutorial, well i know how to make one but I am after a solution that is able to make the slider search a specified directory for the files to scroll through. Is this po | <urn:uuid:40c7b8f6-75a8-4965-97bf-e42e3fc0ab7b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://qubanshi.cc/questions/3971364/javascript-directory | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00036-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918712 | 1,624 | 2.3125 | 2 |
There are two basic goals of the placement process for deacons:
The objective of the Deacon Life and Ministry Board is to match, as closely as possible, the needs of an individual parish, institution, or agency with the competence and potential of an individual deacon. Through annual information forms or surveys, personal interviews, and direct contacts with deacons, the Board becomes more familiar with the background, the experiences, and the individual goals of deacons in recommending candidates for ministerial assignments.
The essential elements of the placement process include, but are not limited to, information gathering, development of recommendations, clearance, and consultation.
1156.3.2 Information Gathering
Accurate, current, and objective data is compiled about the position to be filled and the deacons available for assignment. The Office of the Diaconate will:
1156.3.3 Development of Recommendations
Assignment recommendations are then prepared by the Placement Committee for each position and must balance the pastoral needs of the Archdiocese with the welfare of the individual deacon.
Recommendations proposed by Placement Committee, and accepted by the Board and the Director of Deacon Personnel, are discussed with the administrative authorities of the Archdiocese such as the Archbishop, the vicars and delegates, and the pastors involved in changes of deacon assignments.
No recommendation for assignment will be finalized without personal consultation with the nominees and the pastor and/or staff of the individual parish, institution, or organization. Ordinarily, a deacon is free to accept, decline, or ask for a reasonable amount of time for further consideration. Each deacon maintains the right of direct appeal to the vicars or delegates and/or the Archbishop.
The consultation process occurs in the following manner:
The Archbishop may take direct action in making an assignment without the normal consultative process. In some instances, the Board may also recommend direct action.
1156.3.6 Initiating Placement
Beginning the Process – The placement process may begin in any of several ways as an opening becomes known to the Office of the Diaconate through communication with individual deacons or with others.
1156.3.7 Placement Committee and Board Procedure
Initial Placement Committee Process –
The Placement Committee receives preliminary background information from the Office staff and the Board, and then:
Final Recommendations – Finalizing Assignment Recommendations –
The Deacon Life and Ministry Board is responsible for finalizing the recommendations of the Placement Committee.
The Deacon Life and Ministry Board:
The Director of the Deacon Personnel presents all Board recommendations to the vicars or delegates and the Archbishop for approval. If approval is denied, recommendations are returned to the Board with the reason for the rejection and a specific request for reconsideration. However, the Archbishop may exercise the right to make changes in the recommendations.
The following policy applies to the appointment of deacons:
The Board, or the Placement Committee on the Board’s behalf, will schedule an individual review with each deacon at least once every 3 years. The purpose of this interview is to strengthen the bond of service within the deacon community and to keep individual records as current as possible.
The deacon to be interviewed will be personally contacted by a member of the Board who is responsible for the interview. The interview will be made at a mutually acceptable time and place and will consist of:
All interviews are held in strict confidence. No statements made during the interview will be open as a matter for discussion outside of the interview. However, any deacon may review his own personnel folder at a mutually convenient time. All personnel files are kept at the Office of the Diaconate.
Aware of their common mission, the deacon and his supervisor seek, through prayer and discussion, to achieve a common vision by which they will direct their collaborative ministerial efforts in a particular setting. They listen to one another with love and respect as partners in ministry and together discern the voice of the Holy Spirit.
The Letter of Understanding is intended to clarify the mutual expectations and responsibilities of the deacon’s assignment through dialogue between the deacon and his supervisor.
If the deacon is an employee of a particular parish and also has other ministerial responsibilities at that parish, there may be the need for a distinct employment contract which would be cross-referenced in the Letter of Understanding. This Letter of Understanding is intended to address only the deacon’s ministerial responsibilities which are distinct from his employment with that parish.
When a deacon prepares to begin an assignment, he meets with his supervisor to discuss the services the deacon will provide to the ministry site.
The format of the Letter of Understanding reflects the deacon’s three fold ministries of Charity, Word, and Liturgy and invites the deacon and supervisor to identify together specific goals for the deacon’s ministry. In some situations, consultation with other staff members during the preparation of the Letter of Understanding may be appropriate.
The following points should be given thoughtful attention as the deacon and supervisor prepare the Letter of Understanding:
Areas of Responsibility:
The extent to which a deacon responds to the three areas of service – Charity, Word, and Liturgy – will vary according to his unique personality, gifts and talents as well as the needs of his particular community to which he is assigned. The Letter of Understanding should also indicate those duties which will be conducted wholly, or in part, outside of the ministry site assignment.
Especially with regard to the area of Liturgy, the deacon should assist at Mass, baptize, witness marriages, preside at wake services, benediction, the Liturgy of the Hours, and other appropriate services on a mutually agreeable schedule. A deacon should have the opportunity to preach on a regular basis, subject to the approval of the supervisor and the presider of the liturgy.
As a member of a parish staff, a deacon should be able to participate regularly in meetings of the staff, the pastoral council, and other appropriate collegial bodies. Although work commitments may make it difficult for the deacon to participate in staff meetings, the supervisor and the deacon should make every effort to communicate in order to share information and obtain input on matters and plans pertaining to the parish. The deacon also shares in the responsibility to initiate and maintain ongoing communication with the pastor and other staff members.
The form for the Letter of Understanding is found in Appendix 11.
The deacon who is self-supporting through his own secular employment and has family commitments will provide diaconal service and ministry in ways which do not conflict with his primary obligation to his wife and family.
A married deacon should share the Letter of Understanding with his wife so that she may be familiar with and supportive of the ministerial commitments of her husband.
The Letter of Understanding is to be one element of an ongoing process of dialogue between the deacon and his supervisor. The deacon and the supervisor should meet regularly so that the deacon may receive support and timely feedback regarding the effectiveness of his ministry as well as to deepen and unify their relationship for the benefit of each other as well as the ministry site.
The deacon and supervisor are encouraged to engage in an annual evaluation session, set in a prayerful atmosphere, designed to affirm the deacon’s past performance and to identify new goals for continued growth and development of his ministry.
The Letter of Understanding may be revised at any time by mutual consent of the deacon and the supervisor. It is recommended that the Letter of Understanding be reviewed and updated at least every 3 years, at the midpoint and the end of the term, or whenever there is a substantial change in ministry. A revised Letter of Understanding is to be prepared and submitted to the Office of the Diaconate.
If a disagreement arises between the deacon and the supervisor, especially regarding the deacon’s areas of responsibility, the first step should always be prayerful and open dialogue with each other in the effort to arrive at a mutually acceptable resolution. If this is not successful, either the deacon or the supervisor should contact the Director or the Assistant Director of Deacon Personnel so that resolution of the disagreement may be facilitated.
The role of the mentor is to provide an opportunity to establish a supportive relationship for the newly ordained deacon: specifically to serve as a confidential advisor, guide, and personal resource. The mentor’s role is intended to be a clear sign of concern, care, and support and not as an evaluator, reporter, or liaison.
Responsibility for initiating and maintaining contact between the deacon and the mentor belongs to the deacon. The deacon meets with his mentor on a quarterly schedule at a minimum. Additional contact can occur at other times.
It is expected that the contact between mentor and deacon will be a positive experience and an aid in the deacon’s personal, spiritual, and leadership growth.
The official retirement age is 75 years. Three months before reaching his 75th birthday, each deacon must submit a letter of intention to the Archbishop, to be effective on his 75th birthday. In special circumstances, the Archbishop may defer retirement.
The deacon will consult with his pastor/supervisor. Following this consultation:
On approval of the retirement request:
If because of health, long-term inhibiting family responsibilities, or other circumstances, it is discerned that the deacon is incapable of performing his diaconal duties, the Archbishop may suggest or direct the deacon to serve in retired status.
(Committee review 12-11-2020; Board review 05-04-2021; Chancellor review 06-20 2021; Ad experimentum approval 11-19-2021) | <urn:uuid:1300018f-0d66-4832-aa39-9cd378de9540> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://policy.archbalt.org/human-resources/1156-placement-and-support-of-deacons/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.955247 | 2,037 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Wednesday, November 25: The paperwork is done and the data is in: Adding a PV system is a good investment. If you've read Part 1
and Part 2
and are considering doing it yourself, this entry may be quite useful: It's all about paperwork and production. I'm not sure what to put in as images, but feel free to holler if you'd like something to look at.
Today I produced 4kWh of electricity. Not me really, the panels on the roof. The great thing is I didn't actually have to do anything for those 4kWh. A couple months have gone by and my small PV system has already produced 367kWh in total. It makes electricity when I'm home, when I'm away, when I'm watching it, or when I forget. And right now is the low-production time of year- 6 months from now daily production will be twice as high.
"So," you might say, as it is a popular prefix these days, "what does that mean in dollars and cents?"
The first electric bill arrived: $7.05. The electric bill for the same period last year: $52.37. The difference: $45.32, in a below-average production month (Past Fall equinox). Let's look at the cost breakdown in a little more detail.
Last year's bill: 200 kWh @ $0.0676070, 332 kWh @ $0.0820370, plus fees: $52.37
This year's bill: 200 kWh @ $0.0732540, 94 kWh @ $0.0956840, plus fees: $30.06
REC: 177 kWh @ $0.13: $23.01
Total: $30.06 - $23.01 = $7.05.
There's a bunch of things that really stick out in the above data. The three I consider significant:
1. Electricity cost less last year, about 11% less infact. That means any kWh I bought this year cost me more, making the savings all the more significant. And that price is only going up.
2. On the surface it looks like I used 238 kWh less, but most of that is from the meter spinning backward. The REC meter spins forward one for every time the main meter spins backwards, meaning by adding the REC total (177) one gets actual usage: 471. So it's true, I used 61 kWh less ($5.84) for the month this year than last. This is largely attributable to conservation efforts since last year, and possibly to mild weather.
3. REC payments are sweet. A few more kWh and PNM would have been sending me a check for using some of their electricity. Going by my bill history, this is going to happen some of the months in late Spring/Summer. Nice.
So, that's production. I'm still confident on making about 2 megaWatt hours a year (Though I can't help but think this 1kW system is going to become a 2 or 3kW system come this spring).
Let's talk about paperwork. There's a lot of it, but you only need to do a little bit at a time. Items 1-8 re-summarize the previous two blogs, but it's all here for the sake of keeping it all in one place.
1. Design a PV system with the help of your local neighborhood PV business
. Do not purchase yet.
2. Read everything at PNM's Solar Webpage
. Once you're done, complete the application form
3. In a couple weeks, PNM will send you an acceptance (Or rejection, I suppose) letter. If they reject the system, they'll tell you what's wrong so you can fix it and resubmit. There's no cost to make changes and resubmit. Once you have acceptance, complete the order for the parts in step 1.
4. Shortly after your acceptance notice, you will get a contract from PNM is the mail. It's your application plus a few extra pages of legal terms, laying out exactly how many years they'll be providing REC credits. Sign this and return it to PNM.
5. If you're doing the wiring yourself, you'll need to get a permit for the work. I paid a contractor to do this for me, but a friend successfully did it himself. If you aren't a licensed electrician there is an open-book exam you have to successfully complete to obtain the permit. I'm told the exam is very easy (It asks you to copy sections from the NEC and local wriing codes) , so if you understand electricity but don't have a license, it should be easy to pass this test.
6. Do the installation. When you're done, call the city (or have your electrician call the city) to tell them it's ready for inspection. Current turnaround time is 1-2 days. They will inspect everything. If you pass, they put a green sticker on your cutoff switch and notify PNM that you've passed. Be sure you're home for the inspection- inspectors may not do their thing if nobody is home to give them access.
7. A few days will go by before PNM's meter department comes and installs the REC meter. If they don't show up in a couple days, call PNM to ensure the city notified them. Sometimes they forget. Infact, just call PNM after the green sticker is on so somebody on their side knows to look out for the city's notice.
8. Once the meter is on, PNM's solar team will do a final inspection, possibly on the same day, especially if you call them up and ask nicely. Congratulations, you're now making electricity.
And now for some real paperwork.
9. Register your solar rights. Download the declaration
from the ECMD site
. I found this to be the most confusing task, but got through it by asking questions of both the ECMD people and a supervisor at the County Clerk's office. Here's a breakdown of what to do:
9.1 Fill in the information on the first page, including the names and addresses of the property owners who the solar right might affect. In case you're wondering, that's anybody South, East, or West of you. The neighbor to the south of me is a tenant, so I looked up and used the actual the owner information on Bernco's Site
9.2 Take the site map from your original PNM application and include boundary information about where the panels are on your property, including elevation.
9.3 Send a notice to the affected neighbors that you're planning on registering your solar rights. This needs to be sent certified mail with a return receipt. I have a good rapport with my affected neighbors and they already knew this was coming. They don't have to consent to your application- all that is required is proof that they received notice.
9.4 Print the document and have it notarized. Most banks have a notary on staff and will provide this service for free to their account holders. NMEFCU
does this, for example.
9.4 When the return receipt comes back to you, go to the County Clerk's Office
and have them record the document, including the declaration, map, notarized signatures, certified mail receipt and return receipt.
9.5 If your neighbors don't protest the declaration in 60 days, the solar rights are yours. Nobody may plant a tree, add a structure, or otherwise do something on their property that will materially impair your installation's ability to receive sunlight.
10. About a month after going live (Hey, they're busy), PNM will send back the duly signed contract from step 4. You'll need this for state tax purposes. The state requires a great deal of documentation in order to provide that 10% rebate. Fortunately, you already have the documentation, it's just in PNM format. Here's what you'll need to do:
10.1 Visit the forms
section of the ECMD web site. Download System Certification
, System Installation
, Statement of Understanding
, and the PV List Form
10.2 Take a few digital pictures of your installed system. This should include the panels, inverters, meter box, cutoff switch, and anything else you're claiming a receipt on. Also take a picture of your green city inspection sticker- this will do in lieu of getting the inspector to sign your document as it asks.
10.3 For the Statement of Understanding, just sign it if you did the install yourself. Have the contractor sign it if they did the install.
10.4 For the PV List Form, fill in the data the same as you did for the PNM application. On question 4 you can be a little loose with the data. I used "Tilt is 12 degrees south, panels follow E-W orientation of the house." If you want to be pedantic, there are some handy online sites that will tell you when true noon is, at which time you can figure out solar-north by measuring shadow angle vs the actual panel installation. Or you can just go easy on yourself. Either way, you'll pass.
10.5 For the Solar Installation Form, fill in Taxpayer and System section. Check the box next to Contractor if you did the work yourself and leave it alone. Otherwise put in the contractor info and have them sign it. For Buliding Code Authority, the name of the inspector is on the Green Sticker. The city electric division's phone number is 505-924-3311. If you want to skip rounding up their signature, just take a picture of the sticker and include a printout of that picture. There's helpful information on how to fill all this out on page 2.
10.6 For the System Certification Form, you're essentially filling out 10.5 again. Add up all your receipts and include that value in the "Solar System Cost" section of the "Solar Systemdefinitely Information" section. Check Photovoltaic. Include your SSN so they can tell the state you're entitled to a refund. The checklist on page 2 of this document is killer. Use it, make sure you include everything, and you'll be set.
10.7 Print out all 4 documents, sign, date, throw in a manilla envelope. Make copies of your PNM interconnection agreement and include copies in the envelope. Include the site map and one-line diagram from the PNM application. Include pictures of the various parts. Include copies (not originals!) of your receipts. Mail it to the address listed on ECMD's main page
10.8 About 2 weeks later you'll recieve a 1 page letter from ECMD notifying you of the amount you qualify for. This should be 10% of cost you claimed. Save this letter for your 2009 taxes.
11. For state taxes, take the ECMD later from 10.8 and combine it with The State Tax Credit Form
. Or have your CPA do it for you.
12. For federal taxes, there is no application process, you simply claim the system on IRS Form 5695
. Note that the 2009 version is still a draft form that won't be finalized until the end of the year. The 2008 form had a $2000 cap on residential systems, while the 2009 form has no limit (Thank you, stimulus bill). Give the PV system receipts to your CPA and let them do the magic on this one.
13. There is no thirteen. You're done. You're making electricity. You own sunlight. You're getting 40% of your system cost back from the state and federal governments. And while you're at it, why not reinvest that 40% into more panels next year? I know this all sounds like a lot, but remember this is something you'll be doing over the course of several months. Slow and steady, it's easy and worthwhile. Good luck. | <urn:uuid:f2f8c5ca-3149-4f4d-814e-e3024e1995db> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dukecityfix.com/profiles/blogs/duke-city-solar-part-3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00245-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952659 | 2,489 | 2.015625 | 2 |
|Spoken in:||Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, United Kingdom, United States, India, Liberia, Malta, South Africa and other countries
(used as international language)
|Total speakers:||First language: about 380 million
Second language: 150 million-1 billion
|Ranking:||#3 or #4 as a native language (near-tie with Spanish);
#2 in overall speakers
|Writing system:||Latin alphabet|
|Official language of:||De jure: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Liberia, Belize, most Commonwealth countries; European Union
De jure, one of several: Ireland, South Africa, India,
De facto: United Kingdom, United States
|Regulated by:||no official regulation|
Countries of the world where English
is an official or de facto official language.
|Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.|
English is a West Germanic language which is the dominant language in the United Kingdom, the United States, many Commonwealth nations including Australia and Canada, and other former British colonies. It is also a dominant or official language in many countries formerly under British rule.
English is now the fourth (or possibly third depending on the source) most widely spoken native language worldwide (after Chinese, Hindi and debatably Spanish) , with some 380 million speakers. English is also the dominant member of the Germanic languages. It has lingua franca status in many parts of the world, due to the military, economic, scientific, political and cultural influence of the British Empire in the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries and that of the United States from the early 20th century to the present.
Through the global influence of native English speakers in cinema, airlines, broadcasting, science, and the Internet in recent decades, English is now the most widely learned second language in the world, although other languages such as French and Spanish also retain much importance worldwide.
Many students worldwide are required to learn at least some English, and a working knowledge of English is required in many fields and occupations.
English is an Anglo-Frisian language brought to Britain by Germanic settlers from various parts of northwest Germany. The original Old English language was subsequently influenced by two successive waves of invasion. The first was by speakers of languages in the Scandinavian branch of the Germanic family, who colonised parts of Britain in the 8th and 9th centuries. The second wave was of the Normans in the 11th century, who spoke Norman (an oïl language closely related to French).
According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, around the year 449, Vortigern, King of the British Isles, invited the Angles to help him against the Picts. In return, the Angles were granted lands in the south-east. Further aid was sought, and in response came Saxons, Angles, and Jutes. The Chronicle talks of a subsequent influx of settlers who eventually established seven kingdoms. Modern scholarship considers most of this story to be legendary and politically motivated.
These Germanic invaders dominated the original Celtic-speaking inhabitants, whose languages survived largely in Scotland, Wales, Cornwall, and Ireland. The dialects spoken by the invaders formed what would be called Old English, which resembled some coastal dialects in what are now north-west Germany and the Netherlands. Later, it was strongly influenced by the North Germanic language Norse, spoken by the Vikings who settled mainly in the north-east (see Jórvík).
For the 300 years following the Norman Conquest in 1066, the Norman kings and the high nobility spoke only Anglo-Norman. A large number of Norman words were assimilated into Old English. The Norman influence reinforced the continual evolution of the language over the following centuries, resulting in what is now referred to as Middle English.
During the 15th century, Middle English was transformed by the Great Vowel Shift, the spread of a standardised London-based dialect in government and administration, and the standardising effect of printing. Modern English can be traced back to around the time of William Shakespeare.
Classification and related languages
The English language belongs to the western subbranch of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Apart from English-lexified creole languages such as Tok Pisin and Bislama, the nearest living relative of English is Scots (Lallans), spoken mostly in Scotland and parts of Northern Ireland. Like English, Scots is a direct descendant of Old English, also known as Anglo-Saxon.
After Scots, the next closest relative is Frisian—spoken in Germany and the Netherlands. Other less closely related living languages include German, Low German, Dutch, Scandinavian languages and Afrikaans. Many French words are also intelligible to an English speaker (pronunciations are not always identical, of course) because English absorbed a tremendous amount of vocabulary from French, via the Norman language after the Norman conquest and directly from French in further centuries; as a result, a substantial share of English vocabulary is quite close to the French, with some minor spelling differences (word endings, use of old French spellings etc.), as well as occasional differences in meaning.
English is the second or third most widely spoken language in the world today. A total of 600–700 million people use the various dialects of English regularly. About 377 million people use one of the versions of English as their mother tongue, and an equal number of people use them as their second or foreign language. English is used widely in either the public or private sphere in more than 100 countries all over the world. In addition, the language has occupied a primary place in international academic and business communities. The current status of the English language at the start of the new millennium compares with that of Latin in the past. English is also the most widely used language for young backpackers who travel across continents, regardless of whether it is their mother tongue or a secondary language.
English is the primary language in Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia ( Australian English), the Bahamas, Barbados ( Caribbean English), Bermuda, Belize, Canada ( Canadian English), the Cayman Islands, Dominica, the Falkland Islands, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guernsey, Guyana, Ireland ( Irish English), Isle of Man, Jamaica ( Jamaican English), Jersey, Montserrat, New Zealand ( New Zealand English), Saint Helena, Saint Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, the Turks and Caicos Islands, the United Kingdom (various forms of British English), the U.S. Virgin Islands and the United States (American English)
English is also an important minority language of South Africa ( South African English), and in several other former colonies and current dependent territories of the United Kingdom and the United States, for example Guam and Mauritius.
In Hong Kong, English is an official language and is widely used in business activities. It is taught from infant school, and is the medium of instruction for a few primary schools, many secondary schools and all universities. Substantial numbers of students acquire native-speaker level. It is so widely used that it is inadequate to say that it is merely a second or foreign language, though there are still many people in Hong Kong with poor or no command of English.
The majority of English native speakers (67 to 70 per cent) live in the United States. Although the U.S. federal government has no official languages, it has been given official status by 27 of the 50 state governments, most of which have declared English their sole official language. Hawaii, Louisiana, and New Mexico have also designated Hawaiian, French, and Spanish, respectively, as official languages in conjunction with English.
In many other countries, where English is not a major first language, it is an official language; these countries include Cameroon, Fiji, the Federated States of Micronesia, Ghana, Gambia, India, Kiribati, Lesotho, Liberia, Kenya, Namibia, Nigeria, Malaysia, Malta, the Marshall Islands, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Rwanda, the Solomon Islands, Samoa, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
English is the most widely learned and used foreign language in the world, and as such, some linguists believe that it is no longer the exclusive cultural emblem of 'native English speakers', but rather a language that is absorbing aspects of cultures world-wide as it grows in use. Others believe that there are limits to how far English can go in suiting everyone for communication purposes. Many people feel that the use of English through media such as the Internet and its constant, informal use by others has led to a diminution in the importance of using the language correctly, thus resulting in a 'dumbing down' of the English language. English is the language most often studied as a foreign language in Europe (32.6 per cent), followed by French, German, and Spanish. It is also the most studied in Japan, South Korea and in the Republic of China (Taiwan), where it is compulsory for most secondary school students. See English as an additional language.
English as a global language
Because English is so widely spoken, it has been referred to as a " global language". While English is not an official language in many countries, it is the language most often taught as a second language around the world. It is also, by international treaty, the official language for aircraft/airport communication. Its widespread acceptance as a first or second language is the main indication of its worldwide status.
There are numerous arguments for and against English as a global language. On one hand, having a global language aids in communication and in pooling information (for example, in the scientific community). On the other hand, it leaves out those who, for one reason or another, are not fluent in the global language. It can also marginalise populations whose first language is not the global language, and lead to a cultural hegemony of the populations speaking the global language as a first language. Most of these arguments hold for any candidate for a global language, though the last two counter-arguments do not hold for languages not belonging to any ethnic group (like Esperanto).
A secondary concern with respect to the spread of global languages (including major non-English languages such as Spanish) is the resulting disappearance of minority languages, often along with the cultures and religions that are primarily transmitted in those languages. English has been implicated in a number of historical and ongoing so-called ' language deaths' and ' linguicides' around the world, many of which have also led to the loss of cultural heritage. Language death caused by English has been particularly pronounced in areas such as Australia and North America where speakers of indigenous languages have been displaced or absorbed by speakers of English in the process of colonisation.
Dialects and regional variants
|Mid Ulster English|
|African American Vernacular English|
|New York-New Jersey English|
|North Central American English|
|Southern American English|
|New Zealand English|
|Hong Kong English|
|Sri Lankan English|
|South African English|
The expansiveness of the British and the Americans has spread English throughout the globe. Because of its global spread, it has bred a variety of English dialects and English-based creole languages and pidgins.
The major varieties of English in most cases contain several subvarieties, such as Cockney within British English, Newfoundland English within Canadian English, and African American Vernacular English (" Ebonics") within American English. English is considered a pluricentric language, with no variety being clearly considered the only standard.
Some consider Scots as an English dialect. Pronunciation, grammar and lexis differ, sometimes substantially.
Because of English's wide use as a second language, English speakers can have many different accents, which may identify the speaker's native dialect or language. For more distinctive characteristics of regional accents, see Regional accents of English speakers. For more distinctive characteristics of regional dialects, see List of dialects of the English language.
Just as English itself has borrowed words from many different languages over its history, English loanwords now appear in a great many languages around the world, indicative of the technological and cultural influence wielded by English speakers. Several pidgins and creole languages have formed on an English base - Tok Pisin was originally one such example. There are a number of words in English coined to describe forms of particular non-English languages that contain a very high proportion of English words - Franglais, for example, is used to describe French with a very high English content.
Constructed variants of English
- Basic English is simplified for easy international use. It is used by some aircraft manufacturers and other international businesses to write manuals and communicate. Some English schools in the Far East teach it as an initial practical subset of English.
- Special English is a simplified version of English used by the Voice of America. It uses a vocabulary of 1500 words.
- English reform is an attempt to improve collectively upon the English language.
- Seaspeak and the related Airspeak and Policespeak, all based on restricted vocabularies, were designed by Edward Johnson in the 1980s to aid international co-operation and communication in specific areas. There is also a tunnelspeak for use in the Channel Tunnel.
- European English is a new variant of the English language created to become the common language in Europe.
- Manually Coded English — a variety of systems have been developed to represent the English language with hand signals, designed primarily for use in deaf education.
|i/iː||Close front unrounded vowel||bead|
|ɪ||Near-close near-front unrounded vowel||bid|
|ɛ||Open-mid front unrounded vowel||bed|
|æ||Near-open front unrounded vowel||bad|
|ɒ||Open back rounded vowel||bod 1|
|ɔ||Open-mid back rounded vowel||pawed 2|
|ɑ/ɑː||Open back unrounded vowel||bra|
|ʊ||Near-close near-back rounded vowel||good|
|u/uː||Close back rounded vowel||booed|
|ʌ/ɐ||Open-mid back unrounded vowel, Near-open central vowel||bud|
|ɝ/ɜː||Open-mid central unrounded vowel||bird 3|
|ɨ||Close central unrounded vowel||roses 5|
Close-mid front unrounded vowel
Close front unrounded vowel
Close-mid back rounded vowel
Near-close near-back rounded vowel
Open front unrounded vowel
Near-close near-front rounded vowel
Open front unrounded vowel
Near-close near-back rounded vowel
Open-mid back rounded vowel
Close front unrounded vowel
It is the vowels that differ most from region to region.
Where symbols appear in pairs, the first corresponds to the sounds used in North American English, the second corresponds to English spoken elsewhere.
- North American English lacks this sound; words with this sound are pronounced with /ɑ/ or /ɔ/. According to The Canadian Oxford Dictionary (1998), this sound is present in Standard Canadian English.
- Many dialects of North American English do not have this vowel. See Cot-caught merger.
- The North American variation of this sound is a rhotic vowel.
- Many speakers of North American English do not distinguish between these two unstressed vowels. For them, roses and Rosa's are pronounced the same, and the symbol usually used is schwa /ə/.
- This sound is often transcribed with /i/ or with /ɪ/.
- The letter U can represent either /u/ or the iotated vowel /ju/.
This is the English Consonantal System using symbols from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).
|plosive||p b||t d||k g|
|fricative||f v||θ ð 3||s z||ʃ ʒ 4||x 5||h|
|affricate||tʃ dʒ 4|
|lateral approximant||l, ɫ|
- The velar nasal [ŋ] is a non-phonemic allophone of /n/ in some northerly British accents, appearing only before /g/. In all other dialects it is a separate phoneme, although it only occurs in syllable codas.
- The alveolar flap [ɾ] is an allophone of /t/ and /d/ in unstressed syllables in North American English and increasingly in Australian English. This is the sound of "tt" or "dd" in the words latter and ladder, which are homophones in North American English. This is the same sound represented by single "r" in some varieties of Spanish.
- In some dialects, such as Cockney, the interdentals /θ/ and /ð/ are usually merged with /f/ and /v/, and in others, like African American Vernacular English, /ð/ is merged with /d/. In some Irish varieties, /θ/ and /ð/ become the corresponding dental plosives, which then contrast with the usual alveolar plosives.
- The sounds /ʃ/, /ʒ/, and /ɹ/ are labialised in some dialects. Labialisation is never contrastive in initial position and therefore is sometimes not transcribed.
- The voiceless velar fricative /x/ is used only by Scottish or Welsh speakers of English for Scots/Gaelic words such as loch /lɒx/ or by some speakers for loanwords from German and Hebrew like Bach /bax/ or Chanukah /xanuka/, or in some dialects such as Scouse ( Liverpool) where the affricate [kx] is used instead of /k/ in words such as docker /dɒkxə/. Most native speakers have a great deal of trouble pronouncing it correctly when learning a foreign language. Most speakers use the sounds [k] and [h] instead.
- Voiceless w [ʍ] is found in Scottish, Irish, some upper-class British, some eastern United States, and New Zealand accents. In all other dialects it is merged with /w/.
Voicing and Aspiration
Voicing and aspiration of stop consonants in English depend on dialect and context, but a few general rules can be given:
Voiceless plosives and affricates (/p/, /t/, /k/, and /tʃ/) are aspirated when they are word-initial or begin a stressed syllable and are not part of a consonant cluster—compare pin [pʰɪn] and spin [spɪn].
- In some dialects, aspiration extends to unstressed syllables as well.
- In other dialects, such as Indian English, most or all voiceless stops may remain unaspirated.
- Word-initial voiced plosives may be devoiced in some dialects.
- Word-terminal voiceless plosives may be unreleased or accompanied by a glottal stop in some dialects (e.g. many varieties of American English)—examples: tap [tʰæp̚], sack [sæk̚].
- Word-terminal voiced plosives may be devoiced in some dialects (e.g. some varieties of American English)—examples: sad [sæd̥], bag [bæɡ̊]. In other dialects they are fully voiced in final position, but only partially voiced in initial position.
English is an intonation language. This means that the pitch of the voice is used syntactically, for example, to convey surprise and irony, or to change a statement into a question.
In English, intonation patterns are on groups of words, which are called tone groups, tone units, intonation groups or sense groups. Tone groups are said on a single breath and, as a consequence, are of limited length, more often being on average five words long or lasting roughly two seconds. The structure of tone groups can have a crucial impact on the meaning of what is said. For example:
- -/duː juː niːd ˈɛnɪˌθɪŋ/ Do you need anything?
- -/aɪ dəʊnt | nəʊ/ ''I don't, no''
- -/aɪ dəʊnt nəʊ/ I don't know
- -/aɪ dəʊnt | nəʊ/ ''I don't, no''
Characteristics of intonation
Each tone group can be subdivided into syllables, which can either be stressed (strong) or unstressed (weak). There is always a strong syllable, which is stressed more than the others. This is called the nuclear syllable. For example:
- That | was | the | best | thing | you | could | have | done!
Here, all syllables are unstressed, except the syllables/words "best" and "done", which are stressed. "Best" is stressed harder and, therefore, is the nuclear syllable.
The nuclear syllable carries the main point the speaker wishes to make. For example:
- John had stolen that money. (... not I)
- John had stolen that money. (... you said he hadn't)
- John had stolen that money. (... he wasn't given it)
- John had stolen that money. (... not this money)
- John had stolen that money. (... not something else)
- John had stolen that money. (... you said he hadn't)
The nuclear syllable is spoken louder than all the others and has a characteristic change of pitch. The changes of pitch most commonly encountered in English are the rising pitch and the falling pitch, although the fall-rising pitch and/or the rise-falling pitch are sometimes used. For example:
- When do you want to be paid?
- Nów? (rising pitch. In this case, it denotes a question: can I be paid now?)
- Nòw (falling pitch. In this case, it denotes a statement: I choose to be paid now)
- Nów? (rising pitch. In this case, it denotes a question: can I be paid now?)
English grammar displays minimal inflection compared with some other Indo-European languages. For example, Modern English, unlike Modern German or Dutch and the Romance languages, lacks grammatical gender and adjectival agreement. Case marking has almost disappeared from the language and mainly survives in pronouns. The patterning of strong (eg. speak/spoke/spoken) versus weak verbs inherited from Germanic has declined in importance and the remnants of inflection (such as plural marking) have become more regular.
At the same time as inflection has declined in importance in English, the language has developed a greater reliance on features such as modal verbs and word order to convey grammatical information. Auxiliary verbs are used to mark constructions such as questions, negatives, the passive voice and progressive tenses.
Almost without exception, Germanic words (which include all the basics such as pronouns and conjunctions) are shorter and more informal. Latinate words are regarded as more elegant or educated. However, the excessive use of Latinate words is often mistaken for either pretentiousness (as in the stereotypical policeman's talk of "apprehending the suspect") or obfuscation (as in a military document which says "neutralise" when it means "kill"). George Orwell's essay " Politics and the English Language" gives a thorough treatment of this feature of English.
An English speaker is often able to choose between Germanic and Latinate synonyms: "come" or "arrive"; "sight" or "vision"; "freedom" or "liberty"—and sometimes also between a word inherited through French and a borrowing direct from Latin of the same root word: "oversee", "survey" or "supervise". The richness of the language is that such synonyms have slightly different meanings, enabling the language to be used in a very flexible way to express fine variations or shades of thought. See: List of Germanic and Latinate equivalents.
An exception to this and a peculiararity arguably unique of English is that the nouns for meats are commonly different from and unrelated to those for the animals from which they are produced, the animal commonly having a Germanic name and the meat having a French derived noun. Examples include deer and venison, ox or cow and beef, or swine and pork. This is assumed to be a result of the aftermath of the Norman invasion where a French speaking elite were the consumers of the meat, produced by English speaking lower classes.
In everyday speech, the majority of words will normally be Germanic. If a speaker wishes to make a forceful point in an argument in a very blunt way, Germanic words will usually be chosen. A majority of Latinate words (or at least a majority of content words) will normally be used in more formal speech and writing, such as a courtroom or an encyclopedia article.
English is noted for the vast size of its active vocabulary and its fluidity. English easily accepts technical terms into common usage and imports new words which often come into common usage. In addition, slang provides new meanings for old words. In fact this fluidity is so pronounced that a distinction often needs to be made between formal forms of English and contemporary usage. See also sociolinguistics.
Number of words in English
As the General Explanations at the beginning of the Oxford English Dictionary state:
- The Vocabulary of a widely diffused and highly cultivated living language is not a fixed quantity circumscribed by definite limits.... there is absolutely no defining line in any direction: the circle of the English language has a well-defined centre but no discernible circumference.
The vocabulary of English is undoubtedly vast, but assigning a specific number to its size is more a matter of definition than of calculation. Unlike other languages, there is no Academy to define officially accepted words. Neologisms are coined regularly in medicine, science and technology—some enter wide usage; others remain restricted to small circles. Foreign words used in immigrant communities often make their way into wider English usage. Archaic, dialectal, and regional words might be considered as "English" or not.
The Oxford English Dictionary (2nd edition) includes over 500,000 headwords, following a rather inclusive policy:
- It embraces not only the standard language of literature and conversation, whether current at the moment, or obsolete, or archaic, but also the main technical vocabulary, and a large measure of dialectal usage and slang (Supplement to the OED, 1933).
The difficulty of defining the number of words is compounded by the emergence of new versions of English, such as Asian English.
One of the consequences of the French influence is that the vocabulary of English is, to a certain extent, divided between those words which are Germanic (mostly Old English) and those which are "Latinate" ( Latin-derived, either directly or from Norman French or other Romance languages).
A computerised survey of about 80,000 words in the old Shorter Oxford Dictionary (3rd ed.) was published in Ordered Profusion by Thomas Finkenstaedt and Dieter Wolff (1973) which estimated the origin of English words as follows:
- French, including Old French and early Anglo-French: 28.3%
- Latin, including modern scientific and technical Latin: 28.24%
- Old and Middle English, Old Norse, and Dutch: 25%
- Greek: 5.32%
- No etymology given: 4.03%
- Derived from proper names: 3.28%
- All other languages contributed less than 1%
James D. Nicoll made the oft-quoted observation: "The problem with defending the purity of the English language is that English is about as pure as a cribhouse whore. We don't just borrow words; on occasion, English has pursued other languages down alleyways to beat them unconscious and riffle their pockets for new vocabulary."
English is written using the Latin alphabet. The spelling system or orthography of English is historical, not phonological. The spelling of words often diverges considerably from how they are spoken, and English spelling is often considered to be one of the most difficult to learn of any language that uses an alphabet. See English orthography.
Basic sound-letter correspondence
|t||t, th (rarely) thyme, Thames||th thing ( African-American, New York)|
|d||d||th that ( African-American, New York)|
|k||c (+ a, o, u, consonants), k, ck, ch, qu (rarely) conquer, kh (in foreign words)|
|g||g, gh, gu (+ a, e, i), gue (final position)|
|ŋ||n (before g or k), ng|
|f||f, ph, gh (final, infrequent) laugh, rough||th thing (many forms of English used in England)|
|v||v||th with ( Cockney, Estuary English)|
|θ||th : there is no obvious way to identify which is which from the spelling.|
|s||s, c (+ e, i, y), sc (+ e, i, y)|
|z||z, s (finally or occasionally medially), ss (rarely) possess, dessert, word-initial x xylophone|
|ʃ||sh, sch, ti portion, ci suspicion; si/ssi tension, mission; ch (esp. in words of French origin); rarely s sugar|
|ʒ||si division, zh (in foreign words), z azure, su pleasure, g (in words of French origin)(+e, i, y) genre|
|x||kh, ch, h (in foreign words)||occasionally ch loch ( Scottish English, Welsh English)|
|h||h (initially, otherwise silent)|
|tʃ||ch, tch||occasionally tu future, culture; t (+ u, ue, eu) tune, Tuesday, Teutonic ( Australian English)|
|dʒ||j, g (+ e, i, y), dg (+ e, i, consonant) badge, judg(e)ment||d (+ u, ue, ew) dune, due, dew (Australian English)|
|ɹ||r, wr (initial) wrangle|
|j||y (initially or surrounded by vowels)|
|ʍ||–||wh ( Scottish English)|
English includes some words which can be written with accent marks. These words have mostly been imported from other languages, usually French. But it is increasingly rare for writers of English to actually use the accent marks for common words, even in very formal writing. The strongest tendency to retain the accent is in words that are atypical of English morphology and therefore still perceived as slightly foreign. For example, café has a pronounced final e, which would be silent by the normal English pronunciation rules.
Some examples: ångström, appliqué, attaché, blasé, bric-à-brac, café, cliché, crème, crêpe, façade, fiancé(e), flambé, naïve, né(e), papier-mâché, passé, piñata, protégé, raison d'être, résumé, risqué, über-, vis-à-vis, voilà. For a more complete list, see List of English words with diacritics.
Some words such as rôle and hôtel were first seen with accents when they were borrowed into English, but now the accent is almost never used. The words were considered very French borrowings when first used in English, even accused by some of being foreign phrases used where English alternatives would suffice, but today their French origin is largely forgotten. The accent on "élite" has disappeared from most publications today, but Time magazine still uses it. For some words such as "soupçon" however, the only spelling found in English dictionaries (the OED and others) uses the diacritic.
Italics, with appropriate accents, are generally applied to foreign terms that are uncommonly used in or have not been assimilated into English: for example, adiós, coup d'état, crème brûlée, pièce de résistance, raison d'être, über ( übermensch), vis-à-vis.
It is also possible to use a diaeresis to indicate a syllable break, but again this is often left out or a hyphen used instead. Examples: coöperate (or co-operate), daïs, naïve, noël, reëlect (or re-elect). One publication that still uses a diaeresis to indicate a syllable break is the New Yorker magazine.
Written accents are also used occasionally in poetry and scripts for dramatic performances to indicate that a certain normally unstressed syllable in a word should be stressed for dramatic effect, or to keep with the meter of the poetry. This use is frequently seen in archaic and pseudoarchaic writings with the "-ed" suffix, to indicate that the "e" should be fully pronounced, as with cursèd.
In certain older texts (typically in Commonwealth English), the use of ligatures is common in words such as archæology, œsophagus, and encyclopædia. Such words have Latin or Greek origin. Nowadays, the ligatures have been generally replaced in Commonwealth English by the separated letters "ae" and "oe" ("archaeology", "oesophagus") and in American English by "e" ("esophagus"). However, the spellings "oeconomy" and "oecology" are now generally replaced by "economy" and "ecology" in Commonwealth English, making these spellings the same as in American English.
The two major English language keyboard layouts, namely United States and United Kingdom, normally do not fully permit these accents to be typed into the computer. However, the United States-International and United Kingdom-International keyboard layouts permit such accents to be keyed in. See British and American keyboards, keyboard layouts
- Oxford English Dictionary The definitive record of the English language
- All free English dictionaries Collection of many free English dictionaries.
- Cambridge Dictionary
- Titiland English Dictionary
- Freelang - French-English Dictionary made by Bertrand Cornu
- Longman English Dictionary
- Dictionary of American Regional English | <urn:uuid:a01381d4-e8e8-437a-bfc9-8dd82bd2703d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://schools-wikipedia.org/2006/wp/e/English_language.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00090-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922798 | 7,407 | 3.46875 | 3 |
At Lambert School we monitor each student’s progress and provide additional learning support if this is required.
A support group including the parents, student, principal and learning support teacher is established to discuss the learning of the specific student. From these meetings an Individual Learning Program (ILP) is established and used as the basis for ongoing support.
Our students have diverse and differing abilities that impel us as educators to seek the best ways to achieve equity and excellence.
Partnerships between parents, students, and teachers are an integral part of the Individual Learning Program. Students who require differentiated education to reach their potential are catered for in a variety of ways. This may include adjustments in the curriculum and modifications to instruction.
If you have concerns about your child’s development or progress at school, or if they have special learning needs which have changed, please contact the principal, so we can best cater for your needs. | <urn:uuid:bbf8c217-289c-4900-9577-f611c8787174> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lambertschool.tas.edu.au/about/student-support/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.956962 | 191 | 2.0625 | 2 |
ANTH 021, Week 3
ANTH 021, Week 3 Anthro
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Anthropology 21: Introduction to Cultural Anthropology
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Anthropology, Class 5 Theory - Generally accepted idea that attempts to explain something that can be tested and proved - Formal description of some part of the world, in terms of cause and effect, why that part of the world works the way that it does - Truth versus falseness Three Big Debates in Cultural Anthropology Biological Determinism Vs. Cultural Constructionism - in what way are we products of our genes? Interpretive Anthropology Vs. Cultural Materialism - the idea of Meaning vs. Stuff Individual Agency Vs. Structure - how much are we free wield vs. how much are we defined by our social structure? Theory Chart Unilineal Evolution • Herbert Spencer • Lewis Henry Morgan • Oldest anthropological theory • Human societies evolve in size and overall internal complexity over time (much like animals) • Savagery > Barbarism > Civilization • “One line” moving forward Diffusion • German Anthropologists • Response to unilinear evolution • cultures evolve by borrowing ideas from other cultures • Cultures don’t follow one specific linear path in their evolution Historical Particularism • Franz Boas • Rejected extremes of diffusion • focused on how particular cultures have particular histories • Compared cultures in close proximity together to see similarities and differences between their histories Functionalism • Malinowski • Cultural phenomena is classified by the way that cultures fulfill basic human needs (food, water, shelter, reproduction, social order, etc.) • Patterns employed; customs • How cultures function in their own right Structural Functionalism • AA Radcliffe-Brown • How cultures’ customs function in preserving structure of society • What keeps cultures from falling apart • Kinship, myth, etc.- how do these things keep order • related to Functionalism- what keeps order vs. what prevents disorder Cultural Determinism • Al Kroeher • Culture is super-organic • Culture exists apart from humans • Our culture evolves on its own beyond our control • Touches on “universal human condition” • Something is determining human practices (from the top down) Culture-and-Personality Approach • North American Anthropology • Psychological Anthropologist Ruth Benedict • Alongside Mead, Benedict helped introduce women into the discipline • Connects anthropology and other social sciences • What do other social sciences bring to anthropology? • Focused on the individual personalities of cultures • Looked at child-bearing methods within cultures- how adults raise their children • Beginning of childhood anthropology Ethnoscience • How members of groups (cultures) classify their world- “scientize” • draws on ideas of linguistics • categorization within their own system • Emic- inside meaning is important (as opposed to Etic, which is the importance of the outside meaning) Structuralism • Claude Levi-Strauss • focused on internal mental structures • all humans have the same mental structures • Humans, due to inherent need to classify, are constantly trying to put things into binaries • Classification of the world reflects similar mental structures/thought processes present in all humans • bricolage: take pieces of cultural patterns to make own culture Ecological Anthropology • how humans are affected by their environment • how humans relate to and interact with their world • humans place/role in which they happen to exist Cultural Ecology • Julian Steward • explains how cultures change over time in a changing environment and changing technologies • Changes in subsistence Multilineal Evolutionism • Julian Steward • A culture’s desire to achieve certain goals • Change in relationship to the ecologies people live in Symbolic Anthropology • M. Douglas • C. Geertz • Y. Turner • Materialism vs. Symbolism • understanding meaning as it applies to human society • studies how humans make meaning of the world • Culture is about meaning, not practice/structures • we agree upon meaning within our societies, therefore society functions Behavioral Ecology • Related to studying “stuff” • Combination of ecological anthropology and behavioral anthropology • argues humans are no different than other non-human animals that live in societies • Attempt to pass down genes, emphasize self interest Cultural Materialism • Marvin Harris • particular customs (that may shock-disgust) were invented to ensure human survival through material purpose, (i.e. cannibalism= population control, less resource usage and competition) • draws on Marxist ideology - connection to importance of tangible resources • any culture has to confront material constraints • utilitarian ideology- a culture’s ability to change/evolve is limited by material world/resources Postmodernism • endorsed by many anthropologists • questioned modern science and suppressed scientific theories regarding culture • Michel Foucault • Reductionist/ Positivist science shouldn’t be used to understand culture • called for highly interpretive and reflexive approach that rejects generalization and highlights individual stories • Beginnings of Race/Class/Gender Theories • form of critique- no universal truth exists Political Ecology • Political= POWER • interactions between human groups and the struggle for access to resources • Power relationships within ecologies • human struggle over resources • local communities often exploited by more powerful external bodies for resources of that community Science Studies • Anthropologists concerned with science/technology • takes science as the object of study • Anthropologists turn lens away from classical study of culture to studying science and its effect on the way humans interact within the science world • The way science/technology are direct effects of the development of culture • The way that science/ technologies may affect the belief systems and values of different groups (i.e. stem cell research, in vitro fertilization, etc.) • “Putting science under the microscope” Anthropology, Class 6 Language - Why is it important that language is seen as distinctively human? - What are some approaches to studying language in anthropology? How had anthropology been connected to linguistics? - What does language reveal about power and identity? - Are humans necessarily exceptional creatures? - Why do we want to believe that language is distinctively human? • Religious explanations • superiority and power • human identity Basic Concepts - Communication: the process of sending and receiving meaningful messages - Not specifically human - Language: a system of arbitrary symbols that human beings use to encode their experience of the world and to communicate with one another - Systematic symbols are socially defined - with what we know about nonhuman communication, most would argue that language is distinctively human Origins and History of Language - Verbal language developed between 100,000 and 50,000 years ago - Historical Linguistics: study of language change using formal methods that compare shifts over time and across space • Comparative method in studying language - Language Families: group of languages descended from a parent language, or protolanguage - biophysical manifestations of language- how body allows us to speak and how brain has evolved to allow speech - trace relationships between languages and language families and geographical spaces Writing - Writing systems developed in the fourth millennium BCE - Evidence of earliest forms of writing from Mesopotamia (Fertile Crescent- domestication/agriculture), Egypt, and China - Emergence of writing linked to development of the state (nation) - An empire without writing • khipu among the Inca- system of knots functioned as writing/ definition maintenance of records/ laws/etc. - Why do we need writing in the formation of a nation? • to make laws • communicate over vast number of people • keep records • how to communicate with people you won’t actually speak with-keep government - What makes our language as special? • humans like to believe we’re each special Two Distinctive Features of Human Language - Productivity: ability to create an infinite range of understandable messages efficiently - language evolves socially- example: “they” has formally been accepted as being able to refer to one person due to social change and integration into our culture - Displacement: ability to refer to events in the past and future (past and future are considered to be displaced domains) Nonverbal Language and Embodied Communication - Sign Language: a form of communication that uses mainly hand movements to convey messages - Gestures - Silence - Body language including dress, hair styles, postures, eye contact - Sometimes embodied language is even more important and telling than spoken language Three Ways to Formally Analyze Language - Sounds • Phonology: is the study of phonemes (sound patterns peculiar to particular languages) and phonetics is the study of the much larger range of speech sounds that human beings are theoretically capable of producing and hearing. - Vocabulary • Ethnosemantics: study of the systems of linguistic meaning and classification developed by people in their own languages and used in their own cultures - Grammar or Syntax: the patterns and rules by which words are organized to make sense in a sentence - Quantitative approaches to studying lingustics - Older approach within the discipline Saussare’s Contributions - started field of descriptive linguistics with the goal of describing the rules that governed languages as people actually spoke it - Distinguished between parole (what comes out of the mouth) vs. langue (underlying rules that generated speech) - Drew attention to the arbitrariness of language and individual idiosyncrasies of speech Chomsky’s Contributions - proposed that linguistics study both syntax and semantics - Distinguished between linguistic competence (the underlying knowledge of grammatical rules encoded in the brains of all fluent speakers of a language) and linguistic performance (the actual thing people said, which may or may not reflect linguistic competence) - relationship between the mind and speech- mental capacities relate to language production Language, Thought, and Society: Two Theories - Sapir-Whorf • Deterministic theory • claim that culture and thought patterns of people are strongly influenced by language they spoke • people who speak different languages inhabit different “thought worlds” - Sociolinguistics • the study of the relationship between language and society • focuses on speech communities (any concrete community of individuals who regularly interact verbally) • culture shapes language, and conversely, language shapes culture • what speech does for social organization and visa-versa Renewed Focus on Language and Power: Discourse - How do people resist or subvert linguistic oppression? (influenced by postmodern turn) - How do people use irony and parody? • Ethnopragmatics: study of culturally and politically inflected rules of use that shape particular acts of speech communication among particular speakers and audiences, in the the specific cultural settings in which they regularly occur. Ex. “Spanglish” - Language + Power= Discourse - How do powerful groups enact language ideology, or the beliefs and practices about language that are regularly revealed in what people say and how they say it? - When and why do people code switch, or switch one variety of language code to another as the situation demands (formal vs. informal)? - cultural conditioning is revealed when you don’t speak as you’re expected to in certain situations - The way identity is shaped through language in culture - Language can be a performance of assigned identity - Approximation of identities associated with power can connect perception of identity to other identities - relationship between ethic/racial identities across borders and how an individual is received in different situations, and how that can affect the creation of identity Effects of… - Colonialism - Nationalism - Globalization
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Architecture is the art of designing the human built environment. Buildings are one of the most visible productions of man, and vary greatly in design, function, and construction implementation across the globe. The vision that Architects conceive is projected onto the society and the built environment in which they practice.
The architecture programme develops both academic understanding and practical skills required for careers in the professional field. Graduates will be equipped for careers in the broad field of design in the built environment sector. | <urn:uuid:267cb3b4-e5b4-401b-9d1b-33e3aebf5676> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://studysteps.com.my/all-courses/architecture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.939561 | 108 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Pasadena Heritage continuously works, both proactively and in response to specific threats, to preserve and protect historic resources throughout the City of Pasadena. Below is a list of high priority buildings, sites, and development projects that we are monitoring closely.
S.R. 710 N. Freeway Project
On November 28, 2018, State Senator Anthony Portantino and Caltrans officials announced the release the Final Environmental Impact Report/Environmental Impact Statement (FEIR/EIS) for the S.R. 710 N. Project, officially taking the Tunnel Alternative, which we have long opposed, off the table. Although this was a cause for celebration, it becomes more imperative to finalize covenants on some of the historic properties in the 710 Corridor and secure National Register status for the Pasadena Avenue Historic District. Currently, dual state legislation regarding the 710 extension has been introduced that will effectively seal the fate of the 710 Freeway. Senator Portantino’s bill SB-7 restricts Caltrans from completing the 710 extension and expressly states: “The department shall not implement a freeway tunnel or surface freeway or expressway for Route 710 between Route 10 and Route 210.” Assembly member Chris Holden introduced a separate bill, AB 29, that “would remove the portion of Route 710 located north of Route 10 from the California freeway and expressway system.” Both pieces of legislation are important steps in moving beyond the 710, but left some pressing questions open, including hat will happen to the 50-acre “stub” of the 710 that lies south of the 210 in Pasadena, as well as the other stub in Alhambra? The City of Pasadena has been working closely with Caltrans on "relinquishment" of the stub, in which the State would turn over the land to the City, but complex transportation issues still need to be addressed. We eagerly await an outcome.
Former YWCA (78 N. Marengo Ave.) and Civic Center
The 1923 Julia Morgan-designed building is a contributor to the Pasadena Civic Center Historic District. It has been vacant for more than 15 years and is in dire need of rehabilitation. Now owned by the City, the building’s condition has seriously deteriorated, despite our constant urging to better secure it from vandalism and rain. The City Council requested more background on the Civic Center and its original Bennett Plan as well as economic analysis of various future uses for the former YWCA. Those reports were presented to the Council on April 8th. A recent push to consider the historic structure as housing for homeless individuals was discussed and has been suggested as a solution by Mayor Tornek. The Council approved a building envelope as presented by the landscape architecture consultant. City staff will be issuing RFPs for development, and two projects entered negotiations with the City. In the meantime, the Council urged that the City use the $300,000 that is earmarked for the building to be used towards waterproofing and mothballing.
Fuller Theological Seminary
In May 2018, Fuller Theological Seminary announced the sale of its 13-acre Pasadena campus, its home since 1947, and said it plans to relocate to Pomona. The multidenominational evangelical graduate institution's campus includes the Ford Place Historic District, open space, and various institutional, multi-family residential, and office buildings. Pasadena Heritage is concerned about the future of the campus, and we are interested in seeing the historic buildings preserved and adaptively reused in a sensitive manner. We also see the campus as a critically important central Pasadena place that requires careful planning. We hosted a meeting on September 12, 2018 to capture ideas, wishes, and concerns from community stakeholders and immediate neighbors and have formulated some recommendations to share with the City and other applicable parties. In late 2019, it was announced that Fuller Seminary will not be relocating to Pomona, and will instead stay in Pasadena. We look forward to working with the school to plan for its future.
Swanson & Peterson Furniture Factory
Just south of the new Home Depot site, Rusnak and Porsche are proposing a new car dealership. We are concerned about the historic building at 96 N. Sunnyslope Ave., which would be demolished under current plans. Although this modest brick factory building may look unassuming, it was the long-time location of the Swanson & Peterson furniture company, run by two Scandinavian-born woodworkers that were critical to the Craftsman Era, and transitioned into furniture production in the Modern Era. We presented some of our findings to the City Council and were pleased that several Councilmembers shared concerns about demolishing the building. We believe that the site can be redeveloped successfully while preserving the historic factory building, and that the retention of the building will lead to a stronger project overall.
Rose Bowl Centennial
In March, we met with the Rose Bowl Legacy Foundation, a nonprofit “whose primary goal is to financially ensure the protection, preservation, and enhancement of the future of the Stadium as a National Historic Landmark” to discuss future plans at the Rose Bowl. In April 2020, the Legacy Foundation planned to host a Roaring 20s themed “Party of the Century” to kickoff a $40 million capital campaign to fund preservation efforts and improvements at the stadium. Unfortunately, due to COVID-19 those plans were scrapped. The Rose Bowl Operating Committee has faced a year up upheaval, with no fans in attendance for football games or concerts, but also experiencing a surge in golfing and Pasadena residents enjoying the Rose Bowl loop. Pasadena Heritage has played an important role in preserving and advocating for the Rose Bowl, and we intend to stay engaged and involved. With proper maintenance, investment and creative use of the space, the iconic stadium can make memories for future generations, and an important resource for Pasadena.
2632 E. Washington Blvd. (St. Luke's Hospital)
St. Lukes, a Pasadena Landmark, remains largely vacant and its future is unknown. The current owners appear to be using the newer operating suites on the north side of the building for frequent filming. It would make a great housing project, as we have suggested in the past. We continue to monitor it, and hope a future use will emerge as it is never good for a building to sit vacant year after year.
464 E. Walnut St. (First Congregational Church of Pasadena)
This Gothic Revival church, designed by architects H. M Patterson and Leon Caryl Brockway and completed in 1928, was sold to a private developer. The property is designated as a City Landmark, and initial plans are for adaptive reuse under a Mills Act contract. Pasadena Heritage has met with the new owners to offer advice and recommendations.
150 E. Colorado Blvd. ("Darth Vader Building")
A large mixed-use project will replace an existing non-historic office building, often referred to as the “Darth Vader Building,” built in 1980. Pasadena Heritage found the concept design for the new building sympathetic to its context. We continue to monitor the project, which will occupy a critical juncture between the Old Pasadena Historic District, Civic Center Financial Historic District, Civic Center Historic District, and The Paseo.
Colorado Street Bridge
This iconic, National Register-listed bridge constructed in 1912 has unfortunately drawn negative attention due to suicides. A Task Force worked for over a year to provide recommendations for an effective, permanent solution to this ongoing and challenging problem. Pasadena Heritage has two representatives on the Task Force. An RFP was issued for the design of the permanent fence, and Donald MacDonald Architects was recently chosen to develop alternatives. In the meantime, temporary fencing has been installed to deter suicides. We continue to work closely with the architects and the Department of Public Works to help aid the design of a permanent barrier.
Historic Route 66
The National Trust for Historic Preservation included Route 66 on its annual list of America’s Most Endangered Historic Places on its 2018 list. As part of this effort, Pasadena Heritage joined the Trust in supporting a National Historic Trail designation for the fabled highway, which passes through Pasadena. The proposal passed unanimously through the House, but was not taken up by the Senate. Congress may revise and reintroduce this bill, and we are standing by to support it if it comes up again.
Green Street Ficus Trees
Pasadena Heritage is concerned about the iconic Ficus trees that line Green Street and are integral to the City's unique character. Several mature but apparently diseased trees are proposed for removal. Pasadena Heritage urges the retention and proper care of all healthy trees. We also continue to advocate for the trees through the Specific Plan process, asking for building setbacks and stepbacks that will ensure healthy growth.
550 E. Colorado Blvd. (Crown City Medical Plaza)
Pasadena Heritage is concerned about the proposed five-story medical office and commercial building known as the Crown City Medical Plaza. While this project does not directly impact historic resources, it represents, in our opinion, a missed opportunity for a critically located parcel at the very heart of Pasadena. As proposed, we find the project is incompatible with its context. We understand redesign is being considered. | <urn:uuid:248f6fac-a5e5-4c2e-b88e-e0c659d22ba2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pasadenaheritage.org/watch-list/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.958732 | 1,881 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Dennis Hanagan –
Owners of the Distillery District don’t agree, but Toronto and East York Community Council decided the neighbourhood will be studied to determine if it should be designated a Heritage Conservation District (HCD).
The designation would give the National Historic Site—once occupied by the Gooderham & Worts Distillery—and its buildings increased protection for its heritage value, requiring city approval for proposed alterations, additions or demolition.
But owners say it’s unclear what the designation would achieve and the idea should go back to the drawing table. In 2001 Cityscape Holdings Inc. bought the Distillery, later partnering with Dundee Realty Corp.
“The site is already designated under the Ontario Heritage Act and is subject to eight different heritage easement agreements,” lawyer Michael Stewart, representing the owners, told council at its May meeting.
(An easement is a voluntary legal agreement between a heritage property owner and Ontario Heritage Trust. It sets mutually accepted conditions to ensure the preservation of heritage property in perpetuity.)
“Everything that happens within the Distillery District already goes through Heritage Preservation Services, even where a building permit is not required,” Stewart said.
He said policies and agreements “that fill several binders” already say how heritage resources on the site are to be maintained “and to date they’ve worked very well.”
Council was considering a recommendation from planning staff for an HCD study. For the most part, re-use of Distillery heritage properties has been “in accordance with the original master plan and existing planning framework,” a staff report said.
“In recent years, however, there has been considerable pressure for development of a nature and scale that was not previously contemplated for certain parcels,” the report continued.
Lester Brown of the Gooderham & Worts Neighbourhood Association praised Distillery owners for their revitalization of the site.
“The buildings have been adapted for re-use in a fashion that is sensitive to the character of the Distillery … The revitalization of these buildings can only be described as superb,” said Brown.
But ownership can change, he said. “Maybe the next owner will not be so benevolent or community-minded … We believe this area should be prioritized for study as a potential conservation district.”
Brown said there are questions about future development on lands adjoining the Distillery. “If redevelopment to the south or to the north of the Distillery is not sensitive to the heritage character of the site it will destroy what is essentially one of the jewels of Canada.”
Toronto Centre councillor Pam McConnell supported the call for an HCD study and dismissed fears it would create red tape for future development.
“I wanted to make sure before we started the study that the kind of co-operative work that had gone on between city staff, the community and the owners Cityscape would continue to happen and that this wasn’t a roadblock but rather a road map,” she said in an interview.
“I feel it won’t get bogged down in red tape. I’m concerned about making sure we get good development in the area and that we build out an appropriate place for these amazing heritage iconic buildings,” McConnell said. | <urn:uuid:a141b892-8863-4dfd-a40b-12e8da69e687> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thebulletin.ca/distillery-owners-believe-existing-heritage-protection-is-sufficient/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.955486 | 689 | 1.78125 | 2 |
The key to successful hypnosis? Getting people in agreement with you!
We all know that Milton Erickson was one of the most successful hypnotherapists of all time. Continuing with the Milton model, we have analyzed why Milton received the success with clients that nobody else could. Put simply, Milton got his clients to say yes.
There is a fancy technique used in hypnosis called “yes sets.” Using a yes set is a covert tactic to get people to say yes.
Let’s take a look at yes sets.
What are they? Yes sets are a way to get people to say yes to you. It’s very strategic, and it makes people feel like they are required to say yes, regardless of what you ask. So, how do you do it?
You’ll begin by giving your subjects/volunteers/audience small clusters of information. Ask them simple, obvious questions to which they will say yes. By asking a set of easy questions at the beginning, you make it far easier for them to answer “yes” to more difficult questions further down the road. They will feel already committed to complying. For them, answering “yes” becomes a safe space.
Still not sure about how to do it? Let’s take a look at this example:
Suppose you are a car salesperson. Like any salesperson, your goal is to make the customer get to the word yes. You want them to buy your stuff! Begin your conversation with them by asking questions where the answer is an obvious yes. It’s sneaky, and it’s effective.
For example, you may ask, “Are you looking to get a great product today?” “Do you want to get the best deal possible?” “Don’t you love the feeling of a nice, new car?”
This eliminates the ability for them to be stand-offish. It invites them to feel comfortable with you.
So how do yes sets apply to stage hypnosis?
Well, consider a situation where you are on stage. Your audience may feel nervous, and they may not know what to expect. Yes sets get viewers and volunteers comfortable.
Yes sets also give you credibility. If you can make an entire group/audience commit to you and all say yes in harmony, then you have audience management skills and this is skill very few people have. | <urn:uuid:f66fd11e-cefb-4a84-97a1-c07b60fb98b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.stagehypnosisuniversity.com/the-power-of-yes-sets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.964044 | 512 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Police: Over 1,000 Portland shootings this year
Records are being broken and reset as shootings continue to surge in the metropolitan area. The Portland Police Bureau has now investigated more than 1,000 shootings so far this year compared to 891 in all of 2020.
Chief Chuck Lovell made the announcement in a Tweet on Saturday, Oct. 16. It said, "This week we passed a grim milestone. [The Portland Police Bureau] has now documented over 1,000 shootings this year. Too many have prematurely ended lives and caused injury. But all shootings cause trauma to our community."
One of the most recent shootings occurred on the border with Gresham around 12:48 a.m. on Saturday, Oct. 16, near Southeast 165th and Main Street. Gresham police responded and found 57 casings and four live rounds in the area. Officers also discovered that two residences, four cars, one mailbox and one fence had been hit by bullets.
The Portland Police Bureau's Enhanced Community Safety Team responded to continue the investigation.
Lovell's announcement pushed the number of recorded shootings throughout Multnomah County well above last year's level with more than two months left in 2021. That includes Portland, Gresham and the remaining cities and unincorporated portions of the county patrolled by the Multnomah County Sheriff's Office.
According to figures compiled by the Portland Tribune, there have been at least 1,166 shootings and 80 homicides in all of the county so far this year. That compares to 1,002 shootings and 57 homicides in the county in all of 2020.
The majority of homicides are shootings. An online data dashboard of shootings maintained by the Multnomah County District Attorney's Office shows the victims are disproportionately people of color. Since 2019, 46% of the victims have been racial minorities despite representing only around 31% of county residents. A recent analysis by The Oregonians found that more than half those killed in Portland are Black, Latino or Asian.
The Portland Police Bureau reports the highest number of shootings and homicides by far. In addition to the 1,000-plus shootings announced by Lovell, there have now been 70 homicides, tying the record set in 1987. That compares 55 homicides last year.
Portland's homicide rise this year follows an 83% increase in killings between 2019 and 2020, according to the most recent FBI Uniform Crime Report released on Sept. 27.
"I don't have the words to convey to these families about how sorry I am for them and I know that every detective in the homicide division feels that way and I'm sure that they wish that they could do more," said Portland Officer Derek Carmon.
The Gresham Police Department has reported 124 shootings and 10 homicides so far this year. That compares to 103 shootings and two homicides in 2020.
And the sheriff's office reports 31 shootings and one homicide in the unincorporated parts of the county and the cities of Fairview, Maywood Park, Troutdale and Wood Village this year. That compares to eight shootings and no homicides in 2020.
This situation in Portland is not unique. The similarly-sized cities of Denver, Washington, D.C., Boston and Milwaukee all saw spikes in murders and non-negligent manslaughter cases in 2020 compared to the previous year. But, according to the FBI, the city's 2020 increase was almost three times the national average.
Shootings and homicides are up despite an increasing number of firearm seizures. Portland police report seizing over 900 guns so far this year — more than in all of 2020. They include 11 seized in just two days in late September. The sheriff's office reports seizing more than 800 firearms so far this year, including nearly 400 at two Clackamas County homes.
You count on us to stay informed and we depend on you to fund our efforts. Quality local journalism takes time and money. Please support us to protect the future of community journalism. | <urn:uuid:364ee7c5-ac1f-4202-941e-3025f7342b5b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pamplinmedia.com/pt/525265-419788-police-over-1000-portland-shootings-this-year | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.957341 | 801 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Last modified: Wednesday, February 27, 2008
Chinese Ambassador discusses global issues with Kelley audience
China's ambassador to the United States, Zhou Wenzhong, spoke in Indianapolis recently on the topic, "China's Development and U.S.-China Relations".
"Indiana has a lot to do with China," Zhou told an audience of about 200 when he spoke at IUPUI on February 22 as a guest of the Kelley School of Business and the Center for International Business Education and Research (CIBER). "We owe our progress to statesmen from Indiana and the people they represent." Zhou spoke about his nation's efforts in the area of peaceful and sustainable development in both China and around the globe. He also touched on the topic of Sino-American relations."
Our relationship on the whole is moving forward," said Zhou, "(but) there are complicated factors that shouldn't be overlooked. There (have been) about 50 China-related trade protection bills introduced in the U.S. Congress (recently). These issues need to be handled or else they'll hurt both China and the U.S."
During his visit to Indianapolis, Zhou was scheduled to meet with Gov. Mitch Daniels; Marjorie Lyles, the OneAmerica Chair in Business Administration in the Kelley School; and Joe Xu, director of IUPUI Confucius Center. He also had lunch with dignitaries from Cummins, Indiana state government and IU, including President Michael McRobbie and IUPUI Chancellor Charles Bantz. | <urn:uuid:d3161fc8-830c-4809-99d9-560ed90b7f35> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://newsinfo.iu.edu/web/page/normal/7627.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00221-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967047 | 309 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Claims of a 'bullying culture' within the fire service at the time of the Manchester Arena concert bombing emerged this week at the ongoing public inquiry into the atrocity.
The allegations were referenced as firefighters on the ground on the night had their say for the first time through giving evidence.
There were also claims that senior officers were more interested in their own careers and promotion over operational firefighting.
Andrew Simister, a watch manger at the city centre's main Manchester Central fire station, who at the time of the attack had 23 years' experience with Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service, told the Kerslake Review there was 'a bullying culture of senior officers', the inquiry heard.
The review, which resulted in a series of sweeping policy and procedure recommendations, was commissioned by the mayor of Greater Manchester, Andy Burnham, to independently assess the response of the emergency services to the bombing and examine just how prepared Greater Manchester was to deal with a terror attack like it.
Firefighters, the review found, did not attend the scene for more than two hours.
The response of the fire service, the decisions taken on the night and the information the service received are now coming under the inquiry's spotlight.
Emotive evidence heard this week revealed the frustration and anger of fire crews who were initially sent to a station three miles away from the Arena then back to Manchester Central, where they waited, less than a mile away from the scene, as ambulance crews using the station as a base went back and forth to help victims on the night of May 22, 2017, and into the early hours.
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That anger and frustration boiled over during a 4am debrief held at the station when, the inquiry heard, firefighters turned their backs on the service's assistant chief fire officer, Geoff Harris.
One said the debrief 'deteriorated into an uncontrolled mess' and described it as a 'free for all'.
"It clearly became obvious that he didn't either have any information or want to communicate any information at that point," he said.
The 'anger and frustration', the inquiry heard, was vented at the way the response to the attack had been run.
Asked by the chairman of the inquiry, Sir John Saunders, whether he agreed now with the bullying claim he made to the earlier Kerslake Review, Mr Simister, who one firefighter said showed real 'impetus' to attend the Arena, replied: "Let's say the relationship between senior officers wasn't good at that time.
"Between us and them.
"After the Arena incident, the firefighters were desperate to find out what went wrong and the answers to that, but all the senior officers, they all closed ranks. They wouldn't speak to us. They said they hadn't spoken to each other about the incident."
Six days later, Mr Simister said the deputy chief fire officer, Paul Argyle, spoke to his watch, telling them he hadn't spoken to the chief fire officer, Peter O'Reilly, and 'didn’t know what happened that night'.
He said he found that 'incredible'.
Mr Simister admitted being to being emotional when he wrote his report for the Kerslake Review.
He told the inquiry that now, he would rather rephrase 'bullying' as 'relationships between senior management and firefighters weren't good'.
But pressed by John Cooper QC, acting for a number of the beavered families, he said it 'felt like there was a culture of bullying' at the time.
Management, Mr Simister said, 'disjointed themselves from firefighters'.
"That's what it felt like," he told the inquiry.
"I think bullying is probably a strong word that I used. I'd just say relationships weren't good."
Mr Simister agreed with a suggestion by Mr Cooper that management were 'arrogant' and said it felt, at the time, 'like they weren't listening'.
"It just seems like the senior officers then were not interested in the operational side of firefighting," he said.
"More after their own careers, to get promoted as quickly as they could.
"And at the end of the day, they've all started where we've all started from as firefighters."
Mr Simister, however, stressed to the inquiry that the culture has changed.
"But I must say, the culture has changed recently," he added.
"We've got some good station managers moving up, we've got a new chief that listens, that comes on his own to speak to watches, so things are changing."
Mr Cooper suggested the issues raised led to a 'totally dysfunctional response from the brigade' on the night.
Follow reporter Paul Britton on social media
"I'd like to think for an incident like that, everybody would want to respond and be there," Mr Simister said.
He agreed with a suggestion from Sir John that 'management made wrong decisions' on the night and 'wouldn't tell you what went wrong afterwards, leaving lot of very angry firemen'.
Kerslake, Mr Simister went on to say, 'was the only people that would listen to me'.
The fire service's barrister, Andrew Warnock QC, asked Mr Simister, whether any perceived dispute or bad relations between management and firefighters affected the service's response on the night.
"No. No," he replied.
"They [management] made their decisions and they'll answer to this inquiry.
"But the firefighters on that night were just angry because we hadn't been mobilised.
"It's up to the people who come after me [giving evidence] to answer those questions on why they made those decisions, but the firefighters were just angry and trying to pressure people to mobilise and send us."
The inquiry resumes on Monday, with further evidence from firefighters expected. | <urn:uuid:74e3e7b4-12cb-4d33-87f3-f034cb516d6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/arena-bomb-inquiry-bullying-culture-19963564 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.985201 | 1,245 | 1.625 | 2 |
All you need is love. …
So goes the refrain to the classic 1967 Beatles song by the same name. It’s also a tune I’ve been hearing from some Catholics in recent discussions. It’s the sort of one-liner one encounters often in debates about certain matters of doctrine, liturgical practice, or questions about whether such-and-such individual or religious group has fallen into heresy.
All you need is love. In other words: It’s OK to debate the finer points of a certain dogma, but at the end of the day, all that matters is “love.” It’s become the Catholic way of saying, Let’s agree to disagree—because ultimately, it’s assumed, the disagreement isn’t that important. Implicitly, the message is that ‘love’ is far more important than the arcane details of this or that dogma. It’s a sentiment that, much like the Beatles song, is beguiling in its simplicity. It even has a certain Augustinian ring to it.
Like all of the most powerful lies, this one draws its energy from a partial truth. Love indeed comes first in the Catholic faith. On this, my unnamed interlocutors are correct. But they believe the right thing for the wrong reason: love is paramount not because it helps us to brush aside the thorny thickets of dogma in favor of universally harmonious brotherhood of mankind. Rather, love’s primacy is established by dogma.
Consider the centuries-long debate over the addition of the Latin word filioque to the Nicene Creed. Against the objections of the Eastern Orthodox, Catholics have long affirmed the double procession of the Holy Spirit from both the Father and the Son (filioque). Now, it doesn’t get more arcane than this, does it? But at stake is our very understanding of God as love (1 John 4:8). The Catholic Church teaches that the Holy Spirit proceeds out of the mutual love between the Father and the Son (who, as the Word, is the Father’s perfect self-knowledge of Himself). As St. Thomas Aquinas wrote, “Now love must proceed from a word. For we do not love anything unless we apprehend it by a mental conception. Hence also in this way it is manifest that the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Son.”
What about some of the Church’s Marian dogmas, like the Assumption? Defined infallibly in 1950, this dogma holds that, after the completion of her life on this earth, the Mother of God was taken up, body and soul, into heaven. It’s a beautiful teaching of our Church, but is it really necessary that we affirm this, a dogma that only deepens the divide between Protestants and Catholics? Is this teaching really central to our faith? One Catholic writer sums up the issue well:
“[T]he attitude of many Catholics regarding Our Lady has changed. For them, the Assumption of Mary has become largely irrelevant—a doctrinal antique cluttering up the Church’s theological attic.”
But the Assumption of Mary is all about love: Mary’s love for God, her divine Son’s love for His Mother, and our sharing in Christ’s love for her. What we believe about Mary has always been inextricably linked to Jesus. To the extent that we love Jesus and become an adopted son of the Father through Him, Mary has become our Mother. What sort of son doesn’t love his mother? What sort of Christian doesn’t love the Mother of God? To concede such a doctrine to Protestants in the name of ecumenism may stir good feelings of brotherhood, but it is to compromise love itself.
Or again, take the Council of Trent, which infallibly defined scores of dogmas, using the dreaded Latin word for cursed, anathema, at least 150 times in its canons—not exactly a recipe for ‘loving Protestants as our brothers in Christ,’ if you were to listen to some Catholics today. But love was right at the center of the Catholic-Protestant divide, particularly on the issue of justification (how we are saved). Here’s what the council had to say in Canon 11 in the Decree on Justification:
If anyone shall say, that men are justified either by the sole imputation of the righteousness of Christ, or by the sole remission of sins, to the exclusion of the grace and the charity [love] which is shed abroad in their hearts by the Holy Ghost and is inherent in them; or even that the grace, by which we are justified, is only the favor of God; let him be anathema [emphasis added].
At issue was the sola fide doctrine of the Protestant Reformers, who wanted to repudiate what they saw as the belief that salvation could be earned through good works. In their misplaced zeal, Reformers like Luther reacted by declaring that salvation was through faith alone. This false teaching had the (perhaps unintended) consequence of excluding love from the economy of salvation—a deeply problematic position that is an obvious affront to 1 Corinthians 13:13—And now there remain faith, hope, and charity, these three: but the greatest of these is charity—which is why the Council of Trent made declarations like the one above.
As the declarations of Trent demonstrate, speaking of ‘love’ as something apart from the dogmas of the Church is absurd. Love is not something apart from Church doctrine. Rather, it’s at the heart of what the Church believes and teaches.
Furthermore, divorcing love from the truths of the gospel puts our message at risk of being co-opted by the broader culture. Because who can be against ‘love’? Who doesn’t want more love in this world? This was, after all the mantra of the Vietnam-era hippie movement and it is the subject of endless pop songs, not to mention the self-important pronouncements of so many celebrities.
One striking example is British actor Russell Brand, the star of raunchy flicks like Get Him to the Greek and Forgetting Sarah Marshall. Brand also recently hosted a FX channel talk show called Brand X. The show lived up to the last letter of its name: Brand frequently joked about his sexual proclivities and quizzed others about theirs. In one episode, he asked comedian Sarah Silverman to simulate a sex act on him. In another, he invited a porn star in his audience to perform a sex act on a student. (In fairness to Brand, despite the constant potty talk, his show did explore a number of important topics with great honesty and intelligence that is rare these days.)
Now Brand is the last person one would expect to have any sort of misty-eyed sentimentalism, but here is what he said about what inspires him, “I’m just trying to do things that are disruptive and unusual but ultimately underscored by love”—a lovely sentiment that came just after Brand made a lewd reference about how he found British soccer player David Beckham sexually attractive, which he promptly repeated during an appearance on Conan in November 2012.
Love may be all you need, but the love of the gospels is quite different from the kind of love espoused by Brand (what the doctors of the Church might call ‘disordered love’). When a Christian speaks about love, his language might include such words as virtue, chastity, and desire for God—such words and concepts are not in the vocabulary of our culture. When that message gets pared down to all you need is love, much gets lost in translation. Indeed, clearly something has gone terribly wrong if the message of the gospels were to become virtually indistinguishable from the lyrics to a Beatles song.
In fairness, I think some dogmatic minimalists may be confusing orthodoxy (believing the right things) with orthopraxy (doing the right things). They are probably concerned that debates about doctrine risk turning the faith into a matter of theory. They may worry that I would encourage a believer to stay home and read the catechism instead of working in a food pantry. Likewise, I suspect that in their minds, they think I’m worried that they would tell a food pantry to not bother about things like what filioque means.
The truth is that Catholic Christianity is not a zero-sum matter. We don’t pray to the saints instead of God. We don’t venerate Mary instead of worshipping her Son. We don’t pray the rosary instead of going to Mass. And we don’t force ourselves to choose between learning about the faith and practicing it. Such is the abundance of the divine love to which we are called. Such is the beauty of the Catholic faith. | <urn:uuid:d53baf45-a954-42b0-8034-bc4e052349ea> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://catholicexchange.com/gospel-according-beatles | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00221-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958145 | 1,848 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Can Baby Einstein videos and similar programming promote a child's development?
Answers from Jay L. Hoecker, M.D.
Programming such as Baby Einstein videos might catch your child's attention, but children younger than age 2 are more likely to learn and remember information from a live presentation than they are from a video.
Research examining the specific effects of baby DVDs and other infant programming is limited. However, a 2010 study found no evidence that children ages 1 to 2 learned words highlighted in a Baby Einstein DVD. In contrast, research has shown that regularly reading to young children boosts language ability for both babies and toddlers.
The American Academy of Pediatrics discourages media use by children younger than 18 to 24 months. Instead of relying on Baby Einstein DVDs, concentrate on proven ways to promote infant development — such as talking, playing, singing, smiling and reading to your baby. Even if your baby doesn't understand what you're saying or grasp the plot of a story, he or she will soak in your words and revel in your attention. These simple activities form the foundation for speech and thought, as well as emotional health.
Still, Baby Einstein DVDs aren't necessarily off-limits. If your family enjoys this kind of programming, make conscious decisions about how to use it. Turn it on only occasionally — and encourage interaction by watching the programming together.
Nov. 22, 2016
See more Expert Answers
- American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Communications and Media. Media and young minds. American Academy of Pediatrics Policy. http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/site/aappolicy/index.xhtml. Accessed Nov. 1, 2016.
- Richert RA, et al. Word learning from baby videos. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2010;164:432.
- Armbruster BB, et al. A child becomes a reader: Birth through preschool. The National Institute for Literacy. https://www.nichd.nih.gov/publications/Pages/pubs_details.aspx?pubs_id=261. Accessed Sept. 17, 2016.
- Wartella EA, et al. Should babies be watching television and DVDs? Pediatric Clinics of North America. 2012;59:613. | <urn:uuid:2edd68b1-56ec-4220-9ee0-a00b8e2e1304> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/infant-and-toddler-health/expert-answers/baby-einstein/faq-20058099 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00438-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.90579 | 466 | 2.75 | 3 |
Project Description: Med-Tox Northwest provided industrial hygiene services as part of on-going mining operations at this remote location above the Arctic Circle in Alaska. Teck Alaska, Inc. operates the Red Dog zinc and-lead mine located in Northwest Alaska, near Kotzebue; one of the world’s largest producers of zinc concentrate. Due to arctic weather conditions, the concentrate is stored in large buildings at the port facility (Port Site) 46 miles away on the Chuchki Sea and is typically shipped to customers between July and October each year. Employees at the Red Dog mine and Port Site are exposed to heavy metals and silica contaminants as part of their work activities. Med-Tox Northwest provided the following industrial hygiene services: • Collected thirty eight samples for potential lead and cadmium exposure; 16 of these were employee samples and twenty-two environmental or area samples. Employee samples were collected from each employees’ breathing zone (within 12-inches of the mouth/nose) while performing work activities and environmental samples collected at approximately five-foot elevation at a stationary location. • Nine samples were collected for potential silica exposure; five of these were personal samples and four environmental or area samples. One of the area samples was collected in the lunchroom to verify clean eating conditions. • Fifteen employees were evaluated for noise during this exposure assessment using Quest Edge noise dosimeters. Based on the dosimetry measurements, a few peak levels exceeding 140 decibels (dBA) were identified, with the maximum at 141.2 dBA. One employee was exposed to sound levels above the 12-hour adjusted PEL and one above the adjusted action limit of 82 dBA. Personal protective equipment is in use to prevent over exposure to employees. | <urn:uuid:828d6c67-8ccb-4f4e-a6ee-6e603bfa0eeb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://medtoxnw.com/index.php/industrial-projects/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.963308 | 356 | 1.75 | 2 |
How many NPD practitioners should your organization have?
Nursing professional development (NPD) leaders often reach out to the Association for Nursing Professional Development (ANPD) to determine appropriate staffing levels for NPD department. One of the most frequent inquiries that ANPD receives is the question, how many NPD practitioners should my organization have? Now, inquiring minds can refer to the findings from the 2021 ANPD study, Organizational Value of Nursing Professional Development Practice.
The study addresses:
- The average number of individual employees and registered nurses (RN) for whom nursing professional development (NPD) practitioners are responsible
- Average numbers of NPD practitioners based on hospital size (beds)
- Relationships among HCAHPS and Hospital Compare data and NPD staffing levels
To access the study, please fill out the form below. | <urn:uuid:44c42586-139c-4c60-bdca-b55c3f30d777> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.anpd.org/Resources/Organizational-Value-of-NPD-Practice-Study | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.921735 | 173 | 1.664063 | 2 |
The purpose of this special section is to address the question of the scope of operant (selectionistic) and Pavlovian (associative) learning principles in children’s first language learning. How much can these basic learning mechanisms explain, and are there aspects of language they cannot explain?
We invite researchers who approach language from a variety of theoretical backgrounds, including associationist, behavior-analytic, and cognitive psychology, to submit articles on this topic.
Submission Deadline: October 1, 2022
Guest Editors: Elena Nicoladis, Anna Petursdottir
As of February, 2022, Perspectives on Behavior Science will use single-blind peer reviews. This means that the reviewers will know the identification of the reviewers. It will no longer be necessary to remove identifying information from the cover page of the manuscript.
Data science refers to the use of advanced statistics, applied mathematics, and computational techniques to study or understand some domain of interest – often by leveraging large data sets. Recent advances in data science techniques and implementation have made data science methods increasingly accessible to behavioral researchers. Given the large amounts of data collected on research participants in many behavioral studies, we invite the submission of scholarly work for how behavior scientists are leveraging large data sets and data science techniques to study behavior.
Submission Deadline: June 1, 2022
Guest Editors: David J. Cox, Michael Young, Slobodan Vucetic
The purpose of this special section is to provide exemplars of behavior science applications relevant to public policy, critically review areas with clear policy implications, describe societal needs that have been addressed by behaviorally informed policy, and introduce policy-relevant areas ripe for behavior science applications.
Submission Deadline: November 1, 2021
Guest Editors: Derek Reed, Kaston Anderson-Carpenter, Allison Kurti, Anthony Biglan
As a result of the significant disruption that is being caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, we are very aware that many researchers will have difficulty in adhering to the normal timelines associated with many steps of the publication process, including peer review. Please do let us know if you need additional time at any step. Our systems will continue to remind you of the original timelines, but we intend to be highly flexible at this time.
More about the Association for Behavior Analysis International (ABAI). | <urn:uuid:09e0e4ca-223a-4db7-91e7-4779a7a37473> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.springer.com/journal/40614/updates?error=cookies_not_supported&error=cookies_not_supported&code=885d23db-3607-4f55-87de-b6397bceb7ca&code=16b201af-afee-4dcd-8856-7bca876d404b | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.911843 | 490 | 1.984375 | 2 |
This page might serve better as a disambiguation page. Expect changes in the future!
A temple is a place of worship, or something in which a God or Gods are thought to dwell. Often a structure dedicated to one or more deities, temples are frequently thought to be impressive and/or imposing constructions. However, some religions (most notably Christianity) believe that the human body itself is a place where God resides, and thusly can be seen as a temple of worship.citation requested
Temple University is an American University in Pennsylvania. Known especially well for excellent programs in the fields of Law, Education and Business, and for their multiple collegiate sports programs.
The temple is a term used to refer to an area on the side of the head, behind the eyes. | <urn:uuid:95b6f54c-9a5c-4641-abca-1046de2c0013> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.conservapedia.com/Temple | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00071-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955424 | 160 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Some economists of the Austrian school oppose fractional-reserve banking on the grounds that it is inherently fraudulent, pro-cyclical and unstable. These critics should focus their wrath on repressive financial legislation and central-bank mischief, not on a legitimate practice that encourages savings and investment.
|Other Independent Review articles by George A. Selgin|
|Fall 2013||The Financial Crisis and the Free Market Solution|
|Summer 2011||They Stumble Who Run Fast: Roubini and Mihms Crisis Economics|
|Spring 2010||Central Banks as Sources of Financial Instability| | <urn:uuid:3dee4e3d-9d83-4de0-aebb-3297f2e4db9e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.independent.org/publications/tir/article.asp?a=244 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717783.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.868246 | 119 | 1.929688 | 2 |
KABUL, Afghanistan (AP) - The Afghan capital has been hit with a suicide bombing, hours after President Hamid Karzai announced U.S. and Afghan negotiators had agreed on a draft deal allowing U.S. troops to remain in the country beyond 2014.
Officials say the car bomber attacked security forces protecting the site where thousands of tribal leaders are to gather next week to discuss the deal. Six people were killed and 22 wounded.
The Defense Ministry says a vehicle packed with explosives rammed into an armored vehicle posted about 200 yards from the giant tent where the meeting is to be held.
An Interior Ministry spokesman says security forces had prior knowledge of the attack but were unable to stop it. He did not elaborate.
Karzai has called 3,000 elders, clerics, parliamentarians and other influential figures to debate the Bilateral Security Agreement, which would allow U.S. troops to remain in Afghanistan after the final withdrawal of international combat troops at the end of 2014.
Karzai says without the approval of the assembly, known as the Loya Jirga (LOY'-uh JUR'-guh), the agreement most likely won't be signed. If it is approved, it still must be voted on by the parliament. | <urn:uuid:de8b6191-5190-4081-8b7d-a734132923aa> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.kolotv.com/home/headlines/Bomb-Kills-6-in-Kabul-After-Draft-Deal-Allows-US-Troops-to-Stay-Beyond-2014-232200151.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721278.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00147-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974724 | 254 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Patron saints are chosen as special protectors or guardians over areas of life. These areas can include occupations, illnesses, churches, countries, causes -- anything that is important to us. The earliest records show that people and churches were named after apostles and martyrs as early as the fourth century.
Recently, the popes have named patron saints but patrons can be chosen by other individuals or groups as well. Patron saints are often chosen today because an interest, talent, or event in their lives overlaps with the special area. Angels can also be named as patron saints. A patron saint can help us when we follow the example of that saint's life and when we ask for that saint's intercessory prayers to God.
For example, Francis of Assisi loved nature and so he is patron of ecologists. Francis de Sales was a writer and so he is patron of journalists and writers. Clare of Assisi was named patron of television because one Christmas when she was too ill to leave her bed she saw and heard Christmas Mass -- even though it was taking place miles away.
Fillan, son of Feriach and St. Kentigerna, was also known as Foelan. He became a monk in his youth and accompanied his mother from Ireland to Scotland where he lived as a hermit near St. Andrew's ... continue readingMore Saint of the Day
The remarkable woman who would be known as Mother Theresa began life named Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu. Born on August 26, 1910 in Skopje, she was the youngest child born to Nikola and Drane Bojaxhiu, Receiving her First Communion at the age of five, she was confirmed in ... continue readingMore Female Saints
Saint Michael the Archangel isn't a saint, but rather he is an angel, and the leader of all angels and of the army of God. This is what the title "Archangel" means, that he is above all the others in rank. St. Michael has four main responsibilities or offices, as we ... continue reading
Maria Josefa Sancho de Guerra (Maria Josefa of the Heart of Jesus, September 7, 1842 - March 20, 1912) was a Spanish nun, founder of the Institute of the Servants of Jesus charity and declared a saint by the Catholic Church in 2000. Born in 1842 in the city of ... continue reading
By Marshall Connolly, (California Network)
If you are an American, today is Thanksgiving. Hopefully today you have made a point to attend Mass and to give thanks to God for all His blessings. If you are not American, today's holiday is a reminder that God deserves thanks from all His creation. We pray you will ... continue readingMore Christian Saints & Heroes | <urn:uuid:6764f707-0e94-4823-bfeb-63399b174125> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.catholic.org/saints/patron.php?letter=R | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00255-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981164 | 562 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Talk with a signed up dietitian to better quote your private nutritional requirements. If you feel your hydration is doing not have, try investing in a fun canteen. Taste your water with fresh fruit or liquid beverage boosters if you like your water to have a preference. Berries are known for their effective antioxidant residential or commercial properties, making them an important part of an athlete’s diet regimen. Workout causes oxidative tension, which results in the manufacturing of totally free radicals, muscle damages, as well as tiredness.
The results of people and place on youngsters’s consuming behaviour. Food manufacturers frequently strengthen cereals and also plant-based milks with calcium. A diet reduced in fiber and high in sugar as well as fat changes the gut microbiome, enhancing inflammation in the location. If an individual presumes they have signs of anxiety, speaking to a medical professional or mental health specialist can help. In 2016, researchers discovered that diets with a high glycemic tons may activate raised signs and symptoms of anxiety and tiredness. It creates teeth and also bones and also strengthens them, avoiding them from fracture.
Why Should I Make Healthy Food Choices?
Consumption of processed food products such as managed fruit juices as well as beverages, biscuits, namkeens, etc can be stayed clear of. A balanced diet regimen is an all natural make-up of crucial nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fibers, fats, as well as nutrients, in appropriate proportions. It consists of the right amount of necessary nutrients in every bite.
- This drives the requirement for short-term outcomes as well, yet also after that diet regimen is the most influential factor in driving fast weight management.
- Strength training helps preserve as well as develop muscular tissue mass, which can enhance your metabolic price gradually so your body burns extra calories, also at rest.
- Eating well as well as working out consistently will help you preserve weight and also lower your threat of illness.
- High fiber foods are additionally important for keeping the heart healthy and balanced.
- Without them, our bodies may experience exhaustion and also state of mind swings.
For instance, make use of low-fat spreads, spread less butter or margarine on bread, distribute tiny parts of oil for food preparation, and so on. Motivate kids to treat with fruit rather than with desserts. Try including sliced bananas, apples, or other fruits to morning meal grains. Aid to make you really feel complete after a dish yet are reduced in calories. Complex carbs – generally starchy foods such as bread, pasta, rice as well as potatoes.
Start A Journal To Keep Track Of Food Choices
After that, the full details you just need to melt 100 calories (20%) from workout. Contain plenty of vitamins and minerals, which are needed to keep you healthy and balanced. Additionally, kids that participate in horticulture and also food preparation in the house may be more probable to make healthy dietary and way of life options. Magnesium is abundant in numerous foods, and several of the best sources include leafed green vegetables, nuts, seeds, and also entire grains. A diet with appropriate calcium and also magnesium is necessary for strong bones as well as teeth.
Between 2001 and also 2009 in the United States, the portion of individuals that engaged in physical activity enhanced noticeably. While some extreme diet regimens may suggest or else, most of us require an equilibrium of protein, fat, carbs, fiber, vitamins, as well as minerals in our diet regimens to sustain a healthy and balanced body. You do not need to eliminate specific categories of food from your diet, however rather select the healthiest alternatives from each group. Consuming a healthy diet plan is not regarding strict constraints, remaining unrealistically slim, or depriving yourself of the foods you like.
If your diet regimen isn’t well balanced and also you eat foods that do not give enough nutritional value, your nutrient levels will certainly begin to decline. Study has actually discovered that 31% of please click the following webpage U.S. populace is at risk of at the very least one vitamin shortage. There are several dangers of a nutrient deficiency, consisting of digestion troubles, anemia, and also skin problems.
Have plenty to consume alcohol when you consume a high-fibre diet plan (a minimum of 6-8 cups of fluid a day). There is a great deal being covered how much of our food ought to be made up of carbs however the majority of the guidelines suggest concerning one 3rd. This need to be mostly starchy carbs, ideally higher-fibre options such as wholemeal bread, wholegrain cereals and wild rice. Limitation alcohol consumption to much less than 14 systems weekly for men and much less than 14 units each week for females. See additionally the different brochure called Alcohol as well as Sensible Alcohol Consumption.
- Magnesium is plentiful in lots of foods, and also a few of the very best sources consist of leafed green veggies, nuts, seeds, as well as entire grains.
- Likewise, if you do participate in stamina training exercise but do not consume sufficient healthy protein, it will be hard to obtain muscular tissue.
- You can substitute water for high-calorie, sweet beverages, for instance, the full details and button from full-fat to low-fat milk items.
- Most of us lose water with regular bodily functions, such as breathing, digestion, and also sweating.
- Dark green leafy vegetables are loaded with crucial nutrients such as folate, zinc, mouse click the following web page calcium, magnesium, iron, vitamin C, as well as fiber.
Healthy protein is the main nutrient responsible for building and also fixing muscle mass tissue in the body. Pet meat is the most typical resource of healthy protein, yet there are also numerous plant-based alternatives to select from such as nuts and legumes. Individuals on plant-based diets need to ensure that eat the right combination of plant healthy protein to ensure that their dietary requirements are effectively fulfilled. Are most likely to develop chronic conditions like diabetes mellitus, heart disease and cancer cells. In addition to any type of treatment suggested to you by your healthcare specialist, normal exercise as well as a healthy diet regimen may boost your psychological wellness.
Consuming red and processed meat has actually additionally been shown to raise the threat of stroke, cardiovascular disease as well as kind 2 diabetes mellitus. The health and wellness risks from eating processed meat increase with enhancing amounts of processed meat that you consume. You acquire this energy from nutrients in the food that you consume – mainly, carbs, fats as well as healthy proteins. Minerals and also vitamins are various other nutrients that are additionally important in your diet to help your body remain healthy. A healthy diet normally includes nutrient-dense foods from all significant food groups, consisting of lean healthy proteins, whole grains, healthful fats, and also fruits and vegetables of several shades. | <urn:uuid:79563583-ec69-4441-bba4-4c51374220f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.heringstage-wismar.de/2022/07/19/what-is-a-well-balanced-diet-regimen-and-why-is-it-crucial/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.962935 | 1,415 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Mental Health Today
Suicide is a global phenomenon. According to the World Health Organisation, more than 700,000 people die by suicide every year, which is one person every 40 seconds. That’s one person too many.
Suicide has now become the LEADING cause of death in people aged between 15 and 44 years old. 65,000 people attempt suicide each year in Australia alone. Of those, 3,318 died in 2019.
There are indications that for each adult who died by suicide there may have been more than 20 others attempting suicide. Mental illness is a massive problem and is growing. Almost half of Australians will be diagnosed with a mental health condition at some point in their lives.
On a human level, this is an enormous amount of suffering in people’s daily lives. This is now considered to be a mental health crisis in Australia and around the world.
Timely, low cost and evidence-based interventions can be implemented at population, sub-population and individual levels to prevent suicide and suicide attempts.
So 100% of our profits will go to suicide prevention and mental health research.
Thank you to family, friends and https://generated.photos/ for kindly donating photos.
*We make no claims about the effectiveness of this game for helping any particular individual deal with any particular issue or problem. For the treatment of health problems, please consult a qualified health professional. This does not replace the advice and/or treatments from health professionals.
Healing Habits Global LTD
42 Ferris St Christies Beach, 5165, South Australia, Australia | <urn:uuid:f5bda203-89e3-47cc-bf7c-0ed2fbb873cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://happygameface.com/about | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.938417 | 328 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Leveled Compaction Strategy
The idea of
LeveledCompactionStrategy (LCS) is that all sstables are
put into different levels where we guarantee that no overlapping
sstables are in the same level. By overlapping we mean that the
first/last token of a single sstable are never overlapping with other
sstables. This means that for a SELECT we will only have to look for the
partition key in a single sstable per level. Each level is 10x the size
of the previous one and each sstable is 160MB by default. L0 is where
sstables are streamed/flushed - no overlap guarantees are given here.
When picking compaction candidates we have to make sure that the compaction does not create overlap in the target level. This is done by always including all overlapping sstables in the next level. For example if we select an sstable in L3, we need to guarantee that we pick all overlapping sstables in L4 and make sure that no currently ongoing compactions will create overlap if we start that compaction. We can start many parallel compactions in a level if we guarantee that we wont create overlap. For L0 → L1 compactions we almost always need to include all L1 sstables since most L0 sstables cover the full range. We also can’t compact all L0 sstables with all L1 sstables in a single compaction since that can use too much memory.
When deciding which level to compact LCS checks the higher levels first (with LCS, a "higher" level is one with a higher number, L0 being the lowest one) and if the level is behind a compaction will be started in that level.
It is possible to do a major compaction with LCS - it will currently start by filling out L1 and then once L1 is full, it continues with L2 etc. This is sub optimal and will change to create all the sstables in a high level instead, CASSANDRA-11817.
During bootstrap sstables are streamed from other nodes. The level of the remote sstable is kept to avoid many compactions after the bootstrap is done. During bootstrap the new node also takes writes while it is streaming the data from a remote node - these writes are flushed to L0 like all other writes and to avoid those sstables blocking the remote sstables from going to the correct level, we only do STCS in L0 until the bootstrap is done.
If LCS gets very many L0 sstables reads are going to hit all (or most) of the L0 sstables since they are likely to be overlapping. To more quickly remedy this LCS does STCS compactions in L0 if there are more than 32 sstables there. This should improve read performance more quickly compared to letting LCS do its L0 → L1 compactions. If you keep getting too many sstables in L0 it is likely that LCS is not the best fit for your workload and STCS could work out better.
If a node ends up with a leveling where there are a few very high level sstables that are not getting compacted they might make it impossible for lower levels to drop tombstones etc. For example, if there are sstables in L6 but there is only enough data to actually get a L4 on the node the left over sstables in L6 will get starved and not compacted. This can happen if a user changes sstable_size_in_mb from 5MB to 160MB for example. To avoid this LCS tries to include those starved high level sstables in other compactions if there has been 25 compaction rounds where the highest level has not been involved.
The target compressed (if using compression) sstable size - the sstables can end up being larger if there are very large partitions on the node.
The target size of levels increases by this fanout_size multiplier. You can reduce the space amplification by tuning this option.
LCS also support the
cassandra.disable_stcs_in_l0 startup option
-Dcassandra.disable_stcs_in_l0=true) to avoid doing STCS in L0. | <urn:uuid:c1030b2d-cdd3-488c-807c-05b18864fd31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cassandra.apache.org/doc/latest/cassandra/operating/compaction/lcs.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.945897 | 925 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Molger & sons
Average Rating: ( 0 votes)
Materials: 2 x Molger shelving units, saw, hammer, drill, wood glue
1. Get two Molger shelving units.
2. Cut (saw) both according to need (I wanted to fit a tall lava lamp, so I wanted to max shelf distance).
3. Drill holes to align posts. Now, I failed getting the holes right first, however, adding extra holes and nails made alignment easy (pix).
3.5 (optional) Cut an extra piece of wood for book support. Fit between Molger posts with nails and pre-drilled holes.
4. Pre align (everything comes together at once by the end so be careful), apply glue.
When posts stand straight, hammer into place. Use spare wood to protect Molger's soft wood when hammering.
5. Done. Two Molgers turned into one extra tall and two shorter.
(a simple graphic outline is here too)
See more of the Molger & sons.
~ Jacob Stålhammar, Gothenburg, Sweden | <urn:uuid:7a7230f1-a315-4ecd-a509-27add4b67a9d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://livemodern.com/finishblogs/b5df9f736d356d9a35e3a72f066476e9 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00107-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.845963 | 232 | 1.5625 | 2 |
It might be possible to shrink blue jeans using boiling water and heat, but some blue jeans are made using materials that are sanforized that won't shrink more than 1 percent. Blue jeans made with raw materials that haven't been sanforized are the blue jeans that usually respond well to efforts to shrink them.Continue Reading
Placing the blue jeans in boiling water or in the hottest water possible in a washing machine might help them to shrink. It is essential to keep the water hot, so it must be changed every 10 minutes for an hour.
Drying blue jeans in a hot dryer might also cause them to shrink. If the jeans need to fit a person's curves, taking them out while they are damp, yet almost dry and putting them on might help this to occur, as long as the wearer doesn't sit down until they are dry.Learn more about Pants | <urn:uuid:73a9a5ff-bc25-44a2-85ef-41957c85285c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.reference.com/beauty-fashion/ways-shrink-blue-jeans-67d98b17a94e933b | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718957.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00436-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970759 | 178 | 2.375 | 2 |
Students in Mrs.
Kristie Hunt’s 5th grade gifted class envisioned an
idea to build an outdoor classroom at Van Wert Elementary.
The students wanted the entire school to be involved in
the planning of the project.
They surveyed students and composed a list from the
entire student body.
Students came up with some great ideas such as:
bird feeders, bird baths, story time area, teaching area,
picnic area, butterfly bushes, and many other types of plants.
The list was given to Mr. Bill Byrne, a landscape
architect, who donated his services to Van Wert Elementary.
Students met with him on several occasions discussing
the plan and making changes as needed.
Keep Polk Beautiful has been instrumental in making this
project happen from linking us to local clubs to giving Van Wert
a monetary donation.
We are so grateful to them for all their support.
WE NEED YOUR HELP!
This project is projected to cost about $3750.00 + .
5th graders have been collecting coins each Thursday.
Our goal is to
collect $750.00 so send your extra
change on Thursdays.
is also going to give every family a chance to be a part
of this awesome project.
They will be selling bricks with a personalized name on
Bricks may be purchased for previous
students of Goodyear Elementary, in memory of someone special ,
in honor of a special teacher or faculty member, or your child’s
own personalized brick that will be in this area for many years | <urn:uuid:ce80bd4f-becc-4671-b368-4601d92f9caf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bricksrus.com/order/vanwert/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.932066 | 364 | 1.804688 | 2 |
(March 21st to April 19th)
Some people are not going to like you—and that’s okay.
(April 20th to May 21st)
You are a force to be reckoned with.
(May 22nd to June 21st)
You can’t always equate a smile with sincerity.
(June 22nd to July 22nd)
There’s someone out there who will appreciate you for exactly who you are one day.
(July 23rd to August 22nd)
Courage will only get you so far.
(August 23rd to September 22nd)
There’s really no downside to being kind.
(September 23rd to October 22nd)
It’s important to learn how to let go.
(October 23rd to November 22nd)
The strongest among us are sometimes vulnerable.
(November 23rd to December 21st)
A positive attitude tends to attract positive energy.
(December 22nd to January 20th)
Success has so many definitions.
(January 21st to February 18th)
You are capable of reinvention.
(February 19th to March 20th)
When you are true to your soul, others can sense it. | <urn:uuid:74873ca0-87dd-41d4-9538-7d3046280971> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thoughtcatalog.com/sylvie-quinn/2018/05/the-one-sentence-reminder-you-need-to-hear-right-now-according-to-your-zodiac-sign/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.974121 | 306 | 1.570313 | 2 |
In 1988, Barry Gibbs was convicted of murdering a prostitute. Just two weeks ago, that conviction was thrown out when the eyewitness who fingered Gibbs said the police lineup was rigged. Where do officers find people for a lineup?
In jail. The investigating detective typically plucks lineup fodder—known as “fillers,” “dummies,” or “known innocents”—from the in-house lockup. Most states require at least four fillers to be in a lineup. To have a positive identification stand up in court, the suspect can’t be the only person in the lineup who matches any distinctive characteristics that the witness remembers. If an eyewitness recalls that the culprit had John Kerry-style hair, then a detective has to find fillers with Kerry coifs, not just four older white guys.
Sometimes cops can’t find all the fillers they need in jail—there’s a limited supply of inmates, and some are either too dangerous to deal with or just don’t want to cooperate. In such instances, a detective might look for stand-ins in the county or central city jail; he also might pull in other cops, office workers, or sometimes even people on the street. For example, if Manhattan cops find someone on the street with the right look, they will pay him or her $10 to participate in a lineup.
There are two types of police lineups: investigatory and confirmatory. For an investigatory lineup, in which the detective susses out whether he’s got the right man, the stand-ins usually get rounded up in about an hour—it’s difficult to hold a suspect who hasn’t been arrested for much longer. Police might take more care and more time to assemble a confirmatory lineup, in which a witness is called in to verify the identity of someone who’s already been arrested.
Even the most thorough detective often has to settle for fillers who share only the suspect’s broadest characteristics, like race and height. Perhaps that’s why it’s common to find that convictions overturned based on new evidence (such as DNA) rested on live lineup identifications.
Some criminal-justice experts and the U.S. Department of Justice now recommend using digital photo spreads. For one, it’s easier to find fillers with specific features by using thousands of booking photographs. Most American police departments choose six photos and arrange them in two rows of three—what’s called the “six pack.” Canadian police typically use 12 photos in each virtual lineup.
But some jurisdictions, like New York City, still require that a live lineup be used for an eyewitness identification to be admissible in court. A few police departments have tried to improve their lineup methodology by hiring outside consultants to pull fillers rather than detectives, who are often overworked and poorly trained in lineup design. | <urn:uuid:bbbc4848-4002-4312-91b7-f2bdbb716d63> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2005/10/who-s-that-guy-in-the-police-lineup.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.944747 | 607 | 1.796875 | 2 |
New Haven, Conn. — Papers published by clinicians and clinical researchers in Yale School of Medicine’s Department of Neurology have been cited as among the most important the past year in three crucial areas—stroke, movement disorders, and multiple sclerosis—in a survey of recent advances in Lancet Neurology.
In its survey of the most important advances in 2004, Lancet Neurology summarized the five most pivotal papers in each of 10 areas within neurology. The survey cited research carried out by Lawrence Brass, M.D., professor of neurology, that evaluated the efficacy of medications that prevent stroke; studies by Kenneth Marek, M.D., adjunct professor of neurology, on new neuro-imaging techniques that facilitate the accurate assessment of new medications for Parkinson’s disease; and research by Stephen Waxman, M.D., professor and chair of neurology, that identified molecules that trigger the degeneration of nerve fibers within the brain and spinal cord in multiple sclerosis.
Commenting on the Lancet survey, Waxman said, “even at a time of great financial challenge, the faculty of Yale’s Department of Neurology continues to make fundamental advances in our understanding of the diseases of the brain and spinal cord. I’m confident that we will ultimately conquer these disorders and cure them, and I’m incredibly proud that Yale’s faculty is at the forefront.”
PRESS CONTACT: Office of Public Affairs 203-432-1345 | <urn:uuid:69634d47-9207-461d-b734-4ede3d60204f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://medicine.yale.edu/neurology/news/lancet.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00365-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912275 | 300 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Definition of quintessential
a. - Of the nature of a quintessence; purest. 2
The word "quintessential" uses 14 letters: A E E I I L N N Q S S T T U.
No direct anagrams for quintessential found in this word list.
Adding one letter to quintessential does not form any other word in this word list.Words within quintessential not shown as it has more than seven letters.
All words formed from quintessential by changing one letter
Browse words starting with quintessential by next letter | <urn:uuid:24a35aef-fc37-439d-9e78-80d82e332e43> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.morewords.com/word/quintessential/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00493-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.861012 | 117 | 1.671875 | 2 |
The federal income tax rate of legal marijuana dealers could go as high as 75 percent, as the result of a 1982 provision to the tax code that prevents them from claiming expenses like rent and payroll as deductions, as most businesses do.
Enacted after a convicted drug dealer was caught deducting his yacht and bribes, tax code provision 280E makes it nearly impossible for medical marijuana dispensaries in the 18 states where they are legal to afford employees or function as a business.
A recent report from Michigan found that marijuana dispensaries had contributed $10 million to the state’s coffers.
“If you have a license from the state hanging on your wall, that doesn’t fit the definition of trafficking,” Jim Marty, an accountant in Colorado specializing in medicinal marijuana tax law, told CNN Money. “Yet the IRS is aggressively auditing this industry.”
The state-by-state approach to legalizing or decriminalizing marijuana presents increasing problems for federal and state officials. The drug is still officially on the Schedule 1 list of banned substances along with heroin, even as voters in Washington and Colorado approved measures that make it available for recreational use.
President Obama had said that his administration will not target recreational drug users, saying they had “bigger fish to fry.”
However, what’s being missed in the conversation is how best to protect the users of the drug with proper regulation, while maximizing the returns for taxpayers and triggering job creation.
Support for recreational marijuana legalization is around 50 percent, but the medicinal use of the drug is even more well received. A recent poll found that 7 out of 10 voters in Florida are in favor of legalizing medicinal marijuana, making it so popular that it may even influence the 2014 election of the state’s next governor.
The group 280E Reform is working to reform the tax laws in a way that treats dispensaries differently from illegal drug traffickers.
A new bill proposed by Rep. Jared Polis (D-CO) and Rep. Earl Blumenauer (D-OR) would end the federal prohibition of marijuana and begin to regulate it much like alcohol and cigarettes. | <urn:uuid:b98bf0fa-1060-47da-9dad-20038a4a29e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nationalmemo.com/drug-war-relic-forces-marijuana-dispensaries-to-pay-up-to-75-percent-tax | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.968079 | 435 | 1.75 | 2 |
Riding shotgun was used to describe the guard who rode alongside a stagecoach driver, ready to use his shotgun to ward off bandits or Indians. In modern use, it refers to the practice of sitting alongside the driver in a moving vehicle. The phrase has been used to mean giving actual or figurative support or aid to someone in a situation. The phrase was coined in 1919.
The expression "riding shotgun" is derived from "shotgun messenger", a colloquial term for "express messenger", when stagecoach travel was popular during the American Wild West and the Colonial period in Australia. The person rode alongside the driver. The phrase "riding shotgun" was first used in 1919 by the The Ogden Examiner in May 1919, in a story titled "Ross Will Again Ride Shotgun on Old Stage Coach."
Driven by Alex Toponce and A. Y. Ross, an old fashioned stage coach made in 1853 and used on the Deadwood stage line in the early days of Wyoming, will appear in Ogden streets on the day of the Golden Spike celebration.
Alex Toponce was in the early days the owner of a stage line. He will probably drive the old fashioned vehicle, while A. Y. Ross, famous in railroad circles as a fearless express messenger and who on several occasions battled with bandits on the plains, will probably ride "shotgun" as he did in the past.
It was later used in print and especially film depiction of stagecoaches and wagons in the Old West in danger of being robbed or attacked by bandits. A special armed employee of the express service using the stage for transportation of bullion or cash would sit beside the driver, carrying a short shotgun (or alternatively a rifle), to provide an armed response in case of threat to the cargo, which was usually a strongbox. Absence of an armed person in that position often signaled that the stage was not carrying a strongbox, but only passengers.
Tombstone, Arizona Territory
On the evening of March 15, 1881, a Kinnear & Company stagecoach carrying US$26,000 in silver bullion (about $645,248 in today's dollars) was en route from the boom town of Tombstone, Arizona Territory to Benson, Arizona, the nearest freight terminal.:180 Bob Paul, who had run for Pima County Sheriff and was contesting the election he lost due to ballot-stuffing, was temporarily working once again as the Wells Fargo shotgun messenger. He had taken the reins and driver's seat in Contention City because the usual driver, a well-known and popular man named Eli "Budd" Philpot, was ill. Philpot was riding shotgun.
Near Drew's Station, just outside Contention City, a man stepped into the road and commanded them to "Hold!" Three Cowboys attempted to rob the stage. Paul, in the driver's seat, fired his shotgun and emptied his revolver at the robbers, wounding a Cowboy later identified as Bill Leonard in the groin. Philpot, riding shotgun, and passenger Peter Roerig, riding in the rear dickey seat, were both shot and killed. The horses spooked and Paul wasn't able to bring the stage under control for almost a mile, leaving the robbers with nothing. Paul, who normally rode shotgun, later said he thought the first shot killing Philpot had been meant for him.
When Wyatt Earp first arrived in Tombstone in December 1879, he initially took a job as a stagecoach shotgun messenger for Wells Fargo, guarding shipments of silver bullion. When Wyatt Earp was appointed Pima County Deputy Sheriff on July 27, 1881, his brother Morgan Earp took over his job.
When Wells, Fargo & Co. began regular stagecoach service from Tipton, Missouri to San Francisco, California in 1858, they issued shotguns to its drivers and guards for defense along the perilous 2,800 mile route. The guard was called a shotgun messenger and they were issued a Coach gun, typically a 10-gauge or 12-gauge, short, double-barreled shotgun.
More recently, the term has been applied to a game, usually played by groups of friends to determine who rides beside the driver in a car. Typically, this involves claiming the right to ride shotgun by being the first person to call out "shotgun". While there are many other rules for the game, such as a requirement that the vehicle be in sight, nearly all players agree that the game may only begin on the way to the car. In addition, a number of humorous rules for calling shotgun has been developed by organizations and individuals (for example, the "survival of the fittest rule").
- "Define Shotgun at Dictionary.com". dictionary.reference.com. Dictionary.com. Retrieved 11 February 2013.
- "Riding shotgun". phrases.org.uk. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- O'Neal, Bill (1979). Encyclopedia of Western Gunfighters. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-2335-6. Retrieved 14 April 2011.
- "Tombstone, AZ". Retrieved 17 May 2011.
- "Wyatt Earp Trial: 1881—A Mysterious Stage Coach Robbery—Clanton, Holliday, Told, Leonard, Doc, and Ike". Retrieved 8 February 2011.
- "History Raiders". Retrieved 11 February 2011.
- WGBH American Experience: Wyatt Earp, Complete Program Transcript. January 25, 2010.
- Jones, Spencer (2004-06-01). "Revival Of The Coach Gun". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved 2007-03-18.
- Wilson, RL (1992). The Peacemakers: Arms and Adventure in the American West. New York: NAL. pp. 121, 197, 244. ISBN 978-0-7858-1892-2.
- "Shotgun Rules". bored.com. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
- Tom Dalzell (25 July 2008). The Routledge Dictionary of Modern American Slang and Unconventional English. Routledge. p. 877. ISBN 1-134-19478-1.
- What's the origin of "riding shotgun"?
- Rules of shotgun, Shotgunrules.com, Retrieved 27 March 2015.
- The Shotgun Rules, version 1.1 by the Airborne Early Warning Association, Retrieved 27 March 2015.
- Rules of shotgun: The 25 Universal Rules of Order for Riding Shotgun By David A. Tomar, Retrieved 27 March 2015. | <urn:uuid:e598eb32-5199-4df6-8fe7-bdec7776aedd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riding_shotgun | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00048-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947517 | 1,354 | 2.953125 | 3 |
When I was young, and first beginning to understand the story of the passion of Jesus, and the (apocryphal?) reasons for the term “Good Friday”—that is, the death of Jesus is good insofar as it fulfills salvation history—I began to wonder why, if Judas as betrayer played an apparently vital part in an ultimately “good” end, why he was vilified as much as he was. Didn’t he just do what God had intended him to do? The Lost Gospel of Judas Iscariot is a book about a recently rediscovered gospel which proposes just such an interpretation.
It’s important to note that lost gospels are nothing new. Most famous among the “straight” gospels were the Dead Sea Scrolls. But many newfound gospels are actually gospels of the Gnostic tradition. I never understood the significance of Gnostic texts before, but they were essentially a heretical (to wit: persecuted by the early Church) branch of Christianity which believed that the Jewish creator god Yahweh is nothing more than a foolish inferior god of a much larger pantheon. Jesus is the human form of a higher god, an Æon, and when he is crucified he is freed from the trappings of flesh. This Gnostic tradition is passed down in the form of complicated, abstruse texts which makes sense only to other Gnostics.
The Gospel of Judas Iscariot was first discovered about 30 years ago, but through a series of mishaps was hidden for years and partially destroyed. A scant few years ago, it was shown for the first time and translated from its original Coptic by a noted academic. The bad news about the gospel of Judas is that it is, in fact, in the Gnostic tradition. While in some ways markedly different from other Gnostic gospels, it very clearly subscribes to the byzantine Gnostic mythology: there is large passage dedicated to laying it all out, in fact. As a historical primary source, then, the new text is of very little good to us, and, as Ehrman says of such gnostic texts, of interest only to academics and Coptic experts.
I should pause to note Ehrman‘s credentials: he’s a noted textual critic and Biblical scholar. He was, in fact, one of a small group chosen to appraise the document when it was “rediscovered” a few years ago. He is pretty well versed on the Gnostic tradition, which, by the way, makes for some interesting—if confusing—reading. He’s perhaps better known for his 2005 book Misquoting Jesus, for which I believed he appeared on The Daily Show
He flaunts his New Testament bona fides by opening the book with a few meaty chapters of context. After an introduction setting the stage (reintroduction of the gospel, &c.), he talks at length about the historical figure of Judas Iscariot first via the four canonical gospels and the books of Acts, and then the writings of early church fathers: some of the latter stories are more obvious exaggerations. Regardless of the new Coptic text, this historical background is fascinating to me: Judas, for being such a villain, actually gets very little attention in any of the books of the Bible.
Then comes the explanation of the new gospel’s text, which, I will admit, is rather long and not a little repetitive. I was disappointed to learn that the new text was Gnostic and not, as such, of much historical relevance; Ehrman tries to make the argument that it was both a Gnostic gospel and a work which specifically informed our understanding of the historical Judas Iscariot, but despite his best efforts to explain it as such, I just couldn’t see it. In the text, Judas is the favored apostle, the only one who comes to understand the Truth-with-a-capital-T (that is, the Gnostic view of it), and how contributing to the physical death of Jesus is the best thing that he can do for him.
I think the only way this new gospel contributes to our understanding is redirecting to our primary sources and making us reexamine how we think about Judas. Is he the misunderstood good guy? No, likely not. But as with many people and things that have gotten canonized into two-dimensionality, there’s more to the stories than we’ve historically ever tried to see, and that is interesting.
There is a new point of contention regarding the translation of the word “daimon,” which could either mean “spirit” in the early Greek/Platonic tradition, or “demon” in the later New Testament tradition. See the National Geographic article for more. | <urn:uuid:020a4b61-d7bf-4451-9187-26d39cda1232> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://heliologue.com/2008/03/01/the-lost-gospel-of-judas-iscariot/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00366-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970422 | 1,008 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Peanut allergies can be severe, sometimes even life-threatening. Over the years, the process of peanut allergy treatment has made it possible to live with this type of health issue and in some cases even eventually overcome the problem. When it comes to peanut allergy treatment, there are three types of methods commonly employed, including avoidance, the use of medication, and even incremental exposure that helps to build up immunity to peanut products.
One of the more common strategies of peanut allergy treatment is avoidance. This process calls for identifying and staying away from any food that contains peanuts in any capacity. Even avoiding foods that have been prepared using peanut oil may be necessary. While this approach can be difficult to manage, the benefit is being able to avoid severe reactions such as rashes, breathing problems, and any of the other symptoms that may manifest as the result of ingesting even a small amount of peanut product.
Since completely avoiding anything with peanuts is difficult, many physicians recommend the use of medication as either a means of suppressing the allergy or as a crisis treatment if the exposure does occur. With this type of peanut allergy treatment, the goal is to address the symptoms before they can manifest, or subdue them quickly if some form of peanuts is ingested by mistake. One medication that is often used is known as epinephrine, which can be injected as soon as any allergic symptoms manifest. It is not unusual for patients with this type allergy to keep the medication and a syringe on hand, so the treatment can be administered before the symptoms become severe.
One relatively new form of peanut allergy treatment involves the incremental introduction of measured amounts of peanuts into the diet. The idea behind this approach is to allow the patient to gradually build up an immunity to peanuts over time. As the body adjusts, the frequency and severity of the symptoms begin to subside. While not a solution for everyone, this particular peanut allergy treatment can, over a period of years, make it possible to no longer suffer with the allergy, and be able to consume foods containing peanut products without experiencing any discomfort or pain. This form of exposure therapy must be done under the care of a physician, who can determine the dosage and also monitor the gradual buildup of the immunity. | <urn:uuid:b86b9c88-18af-42be-b1de-5758c983917c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wisegeek.net/what-are-the-different-types-of-peanut-allergy-treatment.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.958591 | 445 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Find the perfect school for your child.
The Right Fit
Some people regard private schools as the elixir for America’s ailing educational system. They assume that if everyone could afford to go private—either with their own money or via school vouchers—they’d automatically shun the public route. Parents who have navigated this dilemma know it’s not that simple. Among the factors they typically consider:
DISTANCE Some private school students come from as far as 90 minutes away each day, and a 30-minute commute isn’t uncommon. This can create issues beyond the daily traffic hassle. “If your school is far away, your kids might become friends with kids whose families we don’t even know,” says Elizabeth Melton*, whose older child recently switched from a well-known private school after eighth grade to the public East High School.
DIVERSITY The higher-income status of most private school families can also mean more homogeneous student populations, which might be appealing to some, not so much to others. It also can be difficult to find private schools that aren’t built around some kind of religion. “We wanted a combined middle and high school that’s nondenominational, and there aren’t a lot of private schools like that,” says Karen Baum, whose older son will attend the independent Kent Denver for middle school after graduating from a “fabulous” public elementary school in Littleton.
ASSETS AND AMENITIES One quality all great schools share is personalized attention to their students, usually through smaller classes, dedicated counselors, and high parental involvement. “We wanted our son to be challenged, and we were worried that he wouldn’t get that in a public middle school, primarily because of the larger class sizes,” Baum says. It’s all about trade-offs; for example, a public school may offer more diversity, while a private one might require community service to earn a degree. The point is, children have a wide variety of learning styles, personalities, and interests, which is why the most important aspect of school choice might just be…
FIT Melton’s son, who’s “smart but shy,” felt completely at home at his private middle school thanks to its cozy, nurturing environment. But when the family’s younger daughter attended, she wasn’t as comfortable. “She’s very confident and outgoing, and we thought the school could rein that in, in a positive way,” Melton says. “It turned out to be not at all what resonated with her,” and she “begged” her parents to let her attend the much larger public middle school in their neighborhood. She thrived in eighth grade and is looking forward to the busier high school experience as she enters ninth. “We were nervous that she wouldn’t get the attention she needed, or she’d hang out with the wrong crowd,” Melton says. “But it turned out to be perfect for her.” | <urn:uuid:0b45176b-8602-4c1a-bbc9-2dbd8063198d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.5280.com/magazine/2011/08/transitions?page=6%2C5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00474-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97129 | 652 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Members of sure religious teams Ԁon’t need to pay, howeѵer tһey dο not obtain benefits еither.
One of those fοr the iPhone dwelling button, ᥙsing a bit of-identified accessibility function referred tⲟ as “Assistive Contact,” wһich wаs meant tߋ help clients who aren’t in a position to սse complex touchscreen gestures easily. Ιf yօu are alrｅady utilizing photo administration software ᧐n yоur property computer, Sort Pictures ⅽan import many of the ratings and key phrases fгom those packages. But in thе close to future, shops mіght mix sensing technology, smartphone procuring apps ɑnd еven facial recognition software аlready beіng used tο catch shoplifters tߋ acknowledge yоu the moment ｙou enter the store. Howеver not aⅼl apps arе created equal — ѕome miɡht һave bugs tһat limit the app’s usefulness. Members of sure religious teams ԁon’t need tо pay, һowever theү do not obtain benefits еither. Ιt additionally helps οut the members of the family ᧐f those tһat expertise dying or disability. Preschoolers ɑnd children іn early elementary school, fоr instance, may not perceive ѡhat dying means yet — tһey might only need to listen tо a few sentences оf very excessive-degree іnformation followed Ьy an abundance of reassurance tһey’re protected and that their lives arе not affected (or, because it may be, hoᴡ theiｒ lives ᴡill probably be affected). Any laptop ѡith ɑ simple camera, comparable to ɑ smartphone or tablet, ϲould eventually be able to put іn SHORE for emotion detection purposes. Іf foг some motive ʏou need to collect Social Safety ƅefore yoᥙ’ve a full 10 credit, yoս may get somｅ diminished benefits. Alternatives for low-value fun abound іn your group, bսt tһat dоesn’t mean ʏou wilⅼ һave to go away the home to find them.
Thаt doeѕn’t essentially mean tһey don’t maқe excessive-high quality products, һowever potential patrons ought to bear in mind օf the veneer of selling thɑt covers these tablets (and all client electronics, reality ƅe told). Тhe traditional pet rock just sat tһere on yoᥙr desk, a testament tߋ advertising аnd human gullibility. Ꭲhere arｅ а couple of other exceptions to Social Security tax legal guidelines. Laptops аnd desktops are nonetһeless essential fоr sure varieties օf computing, һowever tһere may very wеll Ƅe a day ᴡhen you’ｒe simply aѕ ⅼikely tⲟ plug yоur telephone right into a keyboard and monitor ɑs crack open ɑ laptop computer. When you earned $50 mіllion in 2009, you will stіll pay $6,621.60 in Social Safety taxes. Ӏf yoս maқe $5,000 in January, уou may still get 4 credits for that yr. What the cap means іs tһat you just pay ʏour half of tһe 12.Four p.c (or the whⲟle thing if you’re self-employed) ᧐nly on the first $106,800 ｙou make. Tһe official term foг this cap is tһe Social Security Wage Base. You Ƅy no means pay taxes ߋn greater than eighty five p.ｃ ߋf your Social Safety income — it doesn’t matter ԝhat. Іt would not matter ԝhat number of oг hoᴡ fеw coins aｒe issued ⲟr could be issued; if individuals ԁo not want a coin, it һas no worth. And naturally, theｙ want yߋu to mаkｅ usе of Apple AirPlay to do it. For streaming audio, most people rely ƅoth on gο to tһe wеbsite of the program in query or to a podcast platform ᴡhich has a host of packages, ⅼike Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, Spotify оr Stitcher. Article has been generated ƅy GSA C ontent Gen er ator Demover sion!
Αs ѡell as tߋ thoѕe limitations, streaming tⲟ somеthing apart from a computer requires buying ɑn Apple Television or AirPort Specific, each accessible fоr $99 aѕ of thiѕ writing, or experimenting ѡith third-social gathering AirPlay-enabled devices. Ϝor example, Withings’ WiFiBodyScale uploads үour weight іnformation to a freе companion service tһat’ѕ accessible ｖia a computer or a dedicated app ߋn iOS and Android. The app іs one in eѵery of the most well-liked WhatsApp alternatives іn Europe and North America. Download fｒom tһe iTunes App Storeexternal icon օr Google Playexternal icon right noԝ. Was it a model loyalty shift fгom Μicrosoft tо Google? 4 % that goes tⲟ Social Security. Іt’ѕ maԀe up of the 12.4 % that goes to Social Security. Іf you are married, hߋwever y᧐u and ʏour partner file separate individual tax returns, уou may pay taxes on up to eiɡhty five percent οf your Social Safety advantages regardless ᧐f earnings levels. This mіght seem complicated, һowever just remember tһat thе term “combined income” has nothing tο do witһ ԝhether or not or not you and your partner filed particular person returns. Ιn thе event you file a person tax return, you ϲould pay taxes ߋn aѕ much as eіghty fivе percent of your Social Safety advantages іn case y᧐ur combined revenue is greater tһan $34,000. Ꮃhen yօu and үour spouse file ɑ joint tax return, ｙou may pay taxes ᧐n up to 50 percent оf yoᥙr Social Safety benefits іf yⲟur mixed income iѕ ƅetween $32,000 and $44,000.
In tһe event yoս ɑnd yoᥙr partner file a joint tax return, уou cаn pay taxes ᧐n as much as 85 % of yߋur Social Safety advantages іn case үour combined revenue іs ɑbove $44,000. Tһe U.S. Social Security system acts аs a giant security wеb, offering financial assistance tߋ individuals whⲟ have reached retirement age ɑnd youthful folks who һave suffered а critical harm оr sickness. Ηow a lot do I must pay into the system to qualify fοr Social Safety advantages? Ꭲhe Social Security system helps tһose who have retired and people who’ѵe suffered serious injury οr illness, іn addition to their households. Тo get tһe yearly mߋst of fouг credit, іt is advisable tо hаvе earned $4,480 in 2009. Observe tһat the term “quarter” is somewhat archaic, ѕince tһe government Ԁoes not depend separate quarters anymore. Τhe minimum amount needed tо earn ɑ credit score іn a quarter in 2010 was $1,120. Yⲟu earn one for eаch quarterly period tһat you work and contribute tο the system, hoᴡever theгe’s a minimum amount it’ѕ essential to earn to receive tһe credit score. Negatively impacting уour rapid work. In 2010, tһis cap was $106,800. As of 2010, thｅ government takes 15.3 p.с out of eveгy working American’ѕ paycheck for Social Safety taxes — including ƅoth Social Safety аnd Medicare. If you ɑre a working American, it comes instantly fгom youｒ paycheck. Ꭲhe most common іs whеn you are retired or disabled, and а few portion of yoսr wage comes fгom Social Security itself. Half of yoᥙr Social Security benefits. Ԝhy aгe Social Security taxes sоmetimes considered regressive? | <urn:uuid:3698eb7a-dff1-43ac-b25d-85c184b05632> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://apk-free.info/construct-a-apps-anyone-would-%CE%B2e-proud-of/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.88031 | 2,583 | 1.5 | 2 |
New Delhi, Apr 16 (DH): Days after the government set up a committee to suggest measures to deal with virtual currencies such as bitcoin including their use in money laundering, a body of bitcoin start ups have sought an audience with the panel to give a presentation on the benefits of virtual currencies in financial inclusion, cheaper cross-border remittance among others.
“We have seen that in countries where governments have come out with a self-regulation policy, created an environment for the bitcoin/ blockchain technology to grow, those countries have become the epicentre for innovation. Investments have started pouring in and next generation, new edge technology developments, user-friendly products and a new breed of entrepreneurs have developed, Digital Asset and Blockchain Foundation of India (DABFI) said in a statement.
Bitcoin startups Zebpay, Unocoin, Coinsecure and Searchtrade have jointly launched DABFI. Though Japan recently declared bitcoin as a currency, India is still debating whether a currency can be launched bu a certain individuals or only by a sovereign government.
The issue was recently raised in Parliament where BJP MP Kirit Somaiya had raised concerns on the lack of regulatory structure around bitcoin.
During demonetisation, bitcoin trading volume reported a rise in the country and led to concerns that it was being used to launder black money.
The Reserve Bank of India too had cautioned the users, holders and traders of VCs, including bitcoins, about the potential financial, operational, legal, customer protection and security related risks.
Immediately after the Budget session of Parlaiment, the government had constituted a panel to take stock of the present status of virtual currencies both in India and at the global level, examine the existing global regulatory and legal structures governing virtual currencies and suggest measures for dealing with such currencies including issues relating to consumer protection and money laundering.
“We request the committee to give us an opportunity to meet them and showcase the benefits of this technology for our country. Financial inclusion, cheaper cross-border remittance, full trace and track on the movement of value on the blockchain network, and the potential for India to become a financial hub are key benefits that can be derived using virtual currencies,” DABFI said. | <urn:uuid:53352206-dbed-47c4-8af4-f21b3692ac32> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay.aspx?newsID=447585 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.946743 | 451 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Background: Few trials have evaluated the effects of reduced sodium intake in older individuals, and no trial has examined the effects in relevant subgroups such as African Americans.
Patients and methods: The effects of sodium reduction on blood pressure (BP) and hypertension control were evaluated in 681 patients with hypertension, aged 60 to 80 years, randomly assigned to a reduced sodium intervention or control group. Participants (47% women, 23% African Americans) had systolic BP less than 145 mm Hg and diastolic BP less than 85 mm Hg while taking 1 antihypertensive medication. Three months after the start of intervention, medication was withdrawn. The primary end point was occurrence of an average systolic BP of 150 mm Hg or more, an average diastolic BP of 90 mm Hg or more, the resumption of medication, or a cardiovascular event during follow-up (mean, 27.8 months).
Results: Compared with control, mean urinary sodium excretion was 40 mmol/d less in the reduced sodium intervention group (P<.001); significant reductions in sodium excretion occurred in subgroups defined by sex, race, age, and obesity. Prior to medication withdrawal, mean reductions in systolic and diastolic BPs from the reduced sodium intervention, net of control, were 4.3 mm Hg (P<.001) and 2.0 mm Hg (P =.001). During follow-up, an end point occurred in 59% of reduced sodium and 73% of control group participants (relative hazard ratio = 0.68, P<.001). In African Americans, the corresponding relative hazard ratio was 0.56 (P =.005); results were similar in other subgroups. In dose-response analyses, end points were progressively less frequent with greater sodium reduction (P for trend =.002).
Conclusion: A reduced sodium intake is a broadly effective, nonpharmacologic therapy that can lower BP and control hypertension in older individuals. | <urn:uuid:6ceb1555-0dd5-45d5-904f-274a5d5b8524> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11231700/?dopt=Abstract | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.948309 | 408 | 2.234375 | 2 |
A Novel Use of Prehospital Telemedicine to Decrease Door to Computed Tomography Results in Acute Strokes
INTRODUCTION: Timely emergency department (ED) recognition of acute strokes reduces morbidity and mortality and improves outcomes. Prehospital telehealth evaluation rapidly assesses patients with stroke symptoms and mobilizes resources before ED arrival, decreasing ED arrival to computed tomography (CT) result times. Expediting CT results reduces the decision time to determining thrombolytic therapy eligibility. METHODS: Seventeen ambulances in our region were supplied with equipment to perform a nonrecordable video examination with an ED physician. Emergency Medical Service requested a physician video examination on patients with a positive prehospital Cincinnati Stroke Scale. The physician and paramedic conducted an NIH-8 scale, and, based on the assessment, the patients were placed directly on the CT scanner table. RESULTS: Four time intervals that impact CT acquisition and thrombolytic decision-making were measured. There was improvement in all time intervals. Time from ED arrival to CT order decreased 1.7 minutes. Time from arrival to study start decreased 5.7 minutes. Time from CT order to result decreased 3.89 minutes and time from ED arrival to CT result decreased 5.6 minutes. DISCUSSION: Prehospital telehealth consults with paramedics, and the receiving hospital for acute strokes significantly decreased times for all metrics studied including the time from ED arrival to CT result.
Bilotta, M., Sigal, A., Shah, A., Martin, A., Schlappy, D., Sorensen, G., & Barbera, C. (2020). A Novel Use of Prehospital Telemedicine to Decrease Door to Computed Tomography Results in Acute Strokes. Retrieved from https://scholarcommons.towerhealth.org/em_read/24 | <urn:uuid:dc3da8df-d580-4050-8a3e-3d7c267f6c8d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://scholarcommons.towerhealth.org/em_read/24/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.905923 | 407 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Birzer Against the MachineBy Patrick J. Deneen for FRONT PORCH REPUBLIC
Don’t miss Brad Birzer’s superbly thoughtful essay “Christian Humanists Challenge the Machine.” He provides a lucid historical and philosophical roadmap tracing the anti-humanism of the modern impulse of mastery, beginning – ironically enough – with the rise of so-called “humanism,” a view that asserts the prospect of humanity’s control over nature and his own destiny:
Man’s victory over nature will not satiate his avaricious appetite. He will then want control over man, thus denying the uniqueness of each person created in God’s Infinite Image. “The man engaged today in the labor of ‘techniques’ knows full well that technology moves forward in final analysis neither for profit nor for the well-being of the race,” Guardini explained. “He knows in the most radical sense of the term that power is its motive—a lordship of all; that man seizes hold of the naked elements of both nature and human nature.” But, God did not create Man to become either individually or collectively a power. The goal of all life, Jesus showed us and St. Paul reminded us, is Love, the willingness to sacrifice one’s self for the greater good—the greater good of family, friends, community, Church, and God. There can, in fact, be nothing greater than Love, as it is the motive power of the universe and all life. The universe was created through words of Love, and fallen man is redeemed through the Love of the Word become Flesh, sacrificed on a tree, and risen from the tomb. The overthrowing of Love as the object of society, therefore, and the greed for power can only lead to destruction. Ultimately, the search for power will destroy the destroyer. “The final stage is come when Man by eugenics, by pre-natal conditioning, and by an education and propaganda based on a perfect applied psychology, has obtained full control over himself,” C.S. Lewis explained in The Abolition of Man. Ironically, because this means that the generation that discovers this will overturn all previous generations and shape all future generations, this revolutionary generation will be a tyrant and dehumanize all. “They have stepped into the void,” Lewis argued. “They are not men at all: they are artefacts. Man’s final conquest has proved to be the abolition of Man.”
While his analysis is sweeping in scope, and bracing in its understanding of the immensity of the challenge that modern man faces, his conclusion is hopeful (and appropriately so, for a Christian):
Still, as always, there are signs of hope. The home school movement in America is slowly reorienting the education debate away from inane equality and student self-esteem to a more liberal arts approach, stressing rigor and virtue. Movements in music (Arvo Part, Henryk Gorecki, Mark Hollis, and Kevin McCormick), art (the New Humanists, though they lack a strong understanding of the religious underpinnings of sound aesthetics), and architecture (the New Urbanists) are demonstrating a serious understanding of tradition and the real meaning of art as a glorification of, first, God’s creation, and, second, the human person. The continued impressive sales of the fiction of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Flannery O’Connor, and Walker Percy are also good signs. Other artists, such as Michael O’Brien, also produce quality work. Perhaps most important, we have possibly the greatest religious leader in centuries with Karol Wotija as Pope John Paul II. As a playwright, poet, philosopher, and former anti-Nazi and anti-communist, this humble Polish priest has captivated the moral imagination of millions and may be responsible for the beginning of the end of Communism with his “Be Not Afraid” speech in Poland in 1979. Since the beginning of his pontificate, John Paul II has urged scholars to broaden their understanding of Christian Humanism as a response to modernity, post-modernity, and all human-centered ideologies. Dr. Kirk, who ended his pilgrimage in the City of Man, becoming a resident of the City of God in the spring of 1994 would no doubt approve these trends.
After all, only a people who accepts a moral foundation of its culture, a protection of its property, the decentralization of power, and a “national humility” will in the long run survive. Once a people forgets its purpose, it will fall into decadence. “Not by force of arms are civilizations held together,” Kirk wrote in 1958,” but by the subtle threads of moral and intellectual principle.” Kirk spent his adult life in the moral sartorial arts, re-weaving the subtle threads, reminding of us of the rich tapestry that should inform our lives. Liberalism was a put a passing phase, its energies and imagination exhausted; the conservative must remind men that they are men, ready to fight the good fight, for community, tradition, and the Highest purpose. | <urn:uuid:a013e152-09c3-4c5e-b538-5bfb4f458f8b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.frontporchrepublic.com/2012/03/birzer-against-the-machine/?wpmp_switcher=mobile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720468.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00489-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952612 | 1,090 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Better Use of Terrorist Watchlist Information and Improvements in Deployment of Passenger Screening Checkpoint Technologies Could Further Strengthen Security
GAO-10-401T: Published: Jan 27, 2010. Publicly Released: Jan 27, 2010.
The December 25, 2009, attempted bombing of flight 253 raised questions about the federal government's ability to protect the homeland and secure the commercial aviation system. This statement focuses on the government's efforts to use the terrorist watchlist to screen individuals and determine if they pose a threat, and how failures in this process contributed to the December 25 attempted attack. This statement also addresses the Transportation Security Administration's (TSA) planned deployment of technologies for enhanced explosive detection and the challenges associated with this deployment. GAO's comments are based on products issued from September 2006 through October 2009 and selected updates in January 2010. For these updates, GAO reviewed government reports related to the December 25 attempted attack and obtained information from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and TSA on use of the watchlist and new technologies for screening airline passengers.
The intelligence community uses standards of reasonableness to evaluate individuals for nomination to the consolidated terrorist watchlist. In making these determinations, agencies are to consider information from all available sources. However, for the December 25 subject, the intelligence community did not effectively complete these steps and link available information to the subject before the incident. Therefore, agencies did not nominate the individual to the watchlist or any of the subset lists used during agency screening, such as the "No Fly" list. Weighing and responding to the potential impacts that changes to the nomination criteria would have on the traveling public will be an important consideration in determining what changes may be needed. Also, screening agencies stated that they do not check against all records in the watchlist, partly because screening against certain records may not be needed to support a respective agency's mission or may not be possible because of the requirements of computer programs used to check individuals against watchlist records. In October 2007, GAO reported that not checking against all records may pose a security risk and recommended that DHS and the FBI assess potential vulnerabilities, but they have not completed these assessments. TSA is implementing an advanced airline passenger prescreening program--known as Secure Flight--that could potentially result in the federal government checking passengers against the entire watchlist under certain security conditions. Further, the government lacks an up-to-date strategy and implementation plan--supported by a clearly defined leadership or governance structure--which are needed to enhance the effectiveness of terrorist-related screening and ensure accountability. In the 2007 report, GAO recommended that the Homeland Security Council ensure that a governance structure exists that has the requisite authority over the watchlist process. The council did not comment on this recommendation. As GAO reported in October 2009, since TSA's creation, 10 passenger screening technologies have been in various phases of research, development, procurement, and deployment, including the Advanced Imaging Technology (AIT)--formerly known as the Whole Body Imager. TSA expects to have installed almost 200 AITs in airports by the end of calendar year 2010 and plans to install a total of 878 units by the end of fiscal year 2014. In October 2009, GAO reported that TSA had not yet conducted an assessment of the technology's vulnerabilities to determine the extent to which a terrorist could employ tactics that would evade detection by the AIT. Thus, it is unclear whether the AIT or other technologies would have detected the weapon used in the December 25 attempted attack. GAO's report also noted the problems TSA experienced in deploying another checkpoint technology that had not been tested in the operational environment. Since GAO's October report, TSA stated that it has completed the testing as of the end of 2009. We are currently verifying that all functional requirements of the AIT were tested in an operational environment. Completing these steps should better position TSA to ensure that its costly deployment of AIT machines will enhance passenger checkpoint security. | <urn:uuid:96c39f6d-3793-4934-a412-809cba8dc536> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://gao.gov/products/GAO-10-401T | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00145-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953014 | 802 | 1.914063 | 2 |
King of Syria from about 886 to 840 B.C. Frequently mentioned in the lives of Elijah and Elisha (1 Kgs. 19:15, 17; 2 Kgs. 8:8–14). He became king by murdering his master Benhadad (2 Kgs. 8:15) and soon started on a war with Israel and Judah for the possession of Ramoth-gilead (8:28–29; 9:14–15). We learn from Assyrian inscriptions that he was attacked and defeated in Damascus by Shalmaneser, king of Assyria; but a few years later he was again strong enough to attack Israel (2 Kgs. 10:32; 12:17–18; 13:3–7, 22; 2 Chr. 24:24). | <urn:uuid:0cc24611-a6de-492e-8089-b8264c22512e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/scriptures/bd/hazael?lang=eng | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.979377 | 167 | 2.953125 | 3 |
2 Answers | Add Yours
In order for you to answer this question, you must ask yourself:
- What do I believe is the theme of this story?
- What is my moral compass?
- What is the meaning of the birthmark?
Here's why. In order to come up with a moral, you must define your own morals. Once you think about this, then you have to examine what you think the story means. See the link on eNotes below for three examples of what the theme might be, i.e. "Romanticism and the Ideal," "Science vs Nature," or "Gender and Sexuality." Or, you may believe, as I do, that there are additional themes to this story.
When one examines Hawthorne's themes in the body of his works (including novels - remember, he is the one that wrote The Scarlet Letter), one finds that many of his writings were moral allegories and that he was a Puritan. This means a literal interpretation of the Bible. So you cannot rule religion out when you are dealing with Hawthorne.
So, while one or all of the above three themes may be true, they are not going to help you with coming up with a moral untill you define your own moral stance.
I will offer you my personal opinion of this story from a Christian world view. I do not believe the birthmark to be an evil sign. I believe it to be symbolic of human uniqueness. Since I believe that every human being is created in the likeness of God, and Christian teaching (Puritan, as well, as was Hawthorne) states that every human is "fearfully and wonderfully made," then Alymer's attempt to remove the birthmark was evil and a result of sin. Moral? Don't mess with God's creation! When God looks at something and says, as he does in the Bible when he creates man, "It is good," then Alymer is sinful to think he can improve on God's work. He has the sin of pride. Moral? Pride goes before the fall. God punishes him because his beautiful wife dies. Georgiana is Alymer's Tower of Babel. When the people tried to build the tower to be like God, they had their language confounded. Moral? When you try to be like God, you perish. Also consider the Garden of Eden. Adam and Eve wanted to be like God, they ate the forbidden fruit, and they were banished from Paradise. Sin entered the world. Moral? Again, when you try to be like God, you perish. Alymer tried to be like God, and his wife perished, and he was deprived of her love. Moral? Man is not perfect. Only God is perfect.
There are a few morals for you, but they are MY morals.
See what YOU think - read the story at the link below and the discussion of the themes right here on eNotes.
Two possible lessons to be learned are to appreciate what you have and if you push the limits too much, they may push back. Alymer did not appreciate his wife and he was so fixated on fixing her imperfections that he did not like her for herself. Also he pushed her limits too far that the solution that removed her imperfection killed him.
We’ve answered 319,208 questions. We can answer yours, too.Ask a question | <urn:uuid:46c2037b-9780-4315-8b5d-f9d9bdd7b8ac> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/explain-two-possilble-morals-lessons-learned-from-136487 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00308-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982406 | 695 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Carried out annually, the Survey of Investment Regulation of Pension Funds aims at describing quantitative investment regulations on pension funds in OECD countries, as well as many IOPS member countries. The questionnaire covers all types of pension plans financed via pension funds. Where regulations vary depending on the type of plan (occupational, personal, mandatory, voluntary, DB, DC, etc), the types of plan that the investment regulations apply to are identified. The information collected concerns all forms of quantitative portfolio restrictions (minima and maxima) applied to autonomous pension funds in countries at different legal levels (law, regulation, industry norms, etc).
The results are compiled in a Word document that is circulated every year to participating countries for review. This allows countries to report limitations endorsed during the previous year. All the reports are available online HERE.
OECD Global Pension Statistics: www.oecd.org/daf/pensions/gps | <urn:uuid:d0ad07ad-2e69-4fcb-b5e6-686463cf93de> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://qdd.oecd.org/Subject.aspx?subject=5BD273CC-D880-4980-B145-A01EA5077EEB | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00245-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.911615 | 186 | 1.617188 | 2 |
PARIS (Oct. 29)
Former resistance fighters and former deportees throughout France are energetically protesting against the Paris Criminal Court decision not to prosecute former Gestapo militiaman Paul Touvier for “crimes against humanity” and for his role in the deportation and murder of countless Jews and resistance fighters.
The Paris Criminal Court, acting as a court of appeal, declared that Touvier could no longer be prosecuted for crimes committed during the war as they were covered by the statute of limitations. The French Parliament decided in 1964 to cancel the statute but the court found that such a decision could not be applied retroactively.
Paul Touvier, a Frenchman, joined the Gestapo in the early years of the Nazi occupation of France and eventually became head of its Lyons branch. In this capacity he carried out executions, torture and was responsible for the deportation of countless Jews and resistance fighters. After the war, he was twice sentenced to death in absentia by French military courts but was pardoned by President Georges Pompidou at the request of the French Catholic Church.
Yesterday’s hearings were heard at the request of a number of former deportees and families of a number of victims. Their request took the form of a “private criminal plea.” The court’s decision gave rise to a wave of protests. Numerous organizations representing former deportees and resistance fighters as well as LICA and MRAP (organizations against anti-Semitism and racism) have appealed to the government “not to let his crimes go unpunished.” | <urn:uuid:062f008e-b200-4ba5-880f-358033cf23fe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jta.org/1975/10/30/archive/protest-decision-by-court-not-to-prosecute-former-gestapo-chief | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00517-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985312 | 320 | 2.078125 | 2 |
The use of the car in racing conditions, in particular the drift, provides a hard, sometimes even barbaric, operation of the transmission. Today, when many of the components are derived from road cars, stock their strength may not be enough.
"Breaking" the set of nodes transmissions, came to the necessity of solving the problem of overheating of the oil due to its small volume and constructive for the lack of cooling at the most popular units geared R200 from a Nissan Silvia transmission from a Nissan 300ZX, Skyline, Silvia, Toyota MarkII, Soarer, Supra.
The nature of wear has been removed for Troubleshooting nodes pointed to overheating as the cause, and this cause was decided to be addressed.
Pump brand Tilton chose for installation on the principle of "set and forget", it's a site with a great combination of reliability and performance.
The complexity and the costs of organizing the cooling of the transmission is worth it, because any failure in the transmission, not only repair costs, but the risk to go during the race.
I recommend to use a magnetic trap and flow-through filter. | <urn:uuid:c21c7c97-21ce-46d2-ae0d-d5ef57999f65> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.forwardauto.ru/news/index.php?ID=47 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.956162 | 233 | 1.609375 | 2 |
An excerpt from, "Fouad Ajami and his legacy" by As'ad AbuKhalil, Al Akhbar English, June 23, 2014:
The Zionists loved Ajami and he became a sought-after media guest and congressional and government expert. This is a man who once told a congressional committee that the “Sunnis are homicidal and the Shia are suicidal.” I was watching the event on C-Span and I was struck that everyone in the room laughed. If one is to replace the word “Jewish” with “Arab” in all the rhetoric and analysis of Ajami, one would rightly be accused and condemned as an anti-Semitic.Wikipedia:
But Ajami’s name and accent served him well. He was “one of them” but testifying to their brutality, “atavism” and “culture of terrorism.” Ajami was willing to express views that Westerners were, at that time, reluctant to say publicly. He gave a respectable cast to the racist discourse about Arabs and shared inside views about “their culture.” Ajami was incapable of speaking for a few minutes without reminding viewers that he is a proud American — he would always preface his remarks by, “We Americans.” Ajami is like the one Jewish person who gets invited to anti-Semitic conferences to attest the views about Jews held by anti-Semites.
But the usefulness of Ajami waned after September 11. There were many imitators and racism against Arabs and Muslims became quite widely acceptable in polite and impolite companies. There were also many Arab and Arab-American imitators in the US and in Europe. They wanted to achieve prominence by bashing Arabs. Bassam Tibi played that role in Germany, others played similar roles in Western countries. But the limits on discourse against Arabs were lifted and the ability to capture attention by resorting to extreme positions stopped working because extremism (against Arabs and Muslims) became part of the mainstream (the liberal and conservative mainstream).
Eight days after U.S. President Barack Obama took office, a Wall Street Journal op-ed piece by Ajami called Obama a "messenger of the old, settled ways," claimed that the George W. Bush administration's diplomacy had had "revolutionary impact," and chided Obama for not praising the Iraq War. Ajami credited the Egyptian Revolution and Tunisian revolution to the Iraq War and Bush's advocacy of democracy.LOL. What a bullshit artist. | <urn:uuid:4b5ced70-ad3f-4dde-aab6-e11130590502> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://disquietreservations.blogspot.com/2014/06/the-angry-arab-on-racist-legacy-of.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720737.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00221-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983323 | 522 | 1.703125 | 2 |
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Mr. Hoban: Will the hon. Gentleman clarify whether he is in favour of or against the extension of the current right of Catholics, Anglicans or Jews to set up faith schools to Muslims, Sikhs and Hindus? Thus far, his argument has eluded me. He says that there is no demand, but that if such schools were set up, it would lead to segregation. Is he for or against that extension?
Mr. Willis: Under current legislation, with the 1944 concordat and the 1998 Act, I accept that there is a right for faiths to apply to the Secretary of State for funding to establish a single-faith school. That is how the law stands. I question the extension of that right, because the Secretary of State has advanced no evidence to demonstrate that there is a demand throughout the nation for more single-faith schools.
The point that I want to emphasise and that we shall make in an amendment in Committee is that no school in receipt of state funding should be allowed to have an admissions policy that deliberately excludes a child either because of their faith or because they have no faith. We cannot have situations such as that in Oldham, where Blue Coat Church of England school, which is surrounded by the homes of Muslim children, deliberately excludes those children while accepting Church of England children from an area of 20 miles around Greater Manchester, because its policy states that families must attend church and Sunday school for two years for children to get into the school. No Secretary of State can possibly accept that, and all that my hon. Friends and I ask is that the Secretary of State accepts the logic of a policy in which schools cannot discriminate in their admissions policy on the basis of a child's faith or lack of faith.
Mrs. Ann Cryer: I am still not sure what the hon. Gentleman is saying about faith schools. We start from where we are now and cannot put the clock back, so if he were the Secretary of State, would he agree with the Government and encourage the expansion of faith schools, abandon any commitment to them, or keep their current number?
Mr. Willis: I have a great deal of time for the hon. Lady and, as I said, we are where we are whether we like it or not. We have a huge number of Church schools, and the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of England have ploughed significant resources into building and managing their schools over the years. I understand the problems of trying to create a secular system so far down the line. Let us remember that the state's involvement started in 1870, with Forster's Elementary Education Act. Oddly enough, Forster was the Member of Parliament for Bradford at the time.
I am questioning the Government's blind belief in an expansion of faith schools and the blind acceptance that the Church of England should have another 100 secondary schools simply because they want to fill in the gaps. I genuinely do not believe that communities will prosper if they have separate faith schools. I want to amend the Bill so that, if a single-faith school is created, it cannot discriminate in its admissions policy purely on the ground of faith. That is a reasonable request.
Mr. Willis: I would scrap the school organisation committees tomorrow because local authorities should do that job and their democratically elected members should take those decisions. I want to control a situation that is getting out of hand. The hon. Gentleman may not be familiar with Oldham, Burnley or Bradford, but if he were, he would recognise the huge problems of polarisation in society, and the hon. Member for Keighley (Mrs. Cryer) knows full well what those issues are in her constituency.
Finally, I come to teacher recruitment. The hon. Member for Ashford was right that the biggest problem with the Bill is that policies to further the recruitment and retention of teachers are missing. That is the only major issue on which everyone involved in education agrees. The problem is that many schools in, for example, the constituency of the hon. Member for Tottenham (Mr. Lammy) find it virtually impossible to recruit and retain teachers.
In some of the poorest communities elsewhere in the countrysuch as Bradford, where I was last week, or Oldham or those in the north-eastwe shall increasingly find that the schools that get the proposed freedoms, receive the extra £500,000 and attract the extra resources will be those that attract and retain the teachers that they need, and the poorer schools will suffer.
Today's Ofsted report on literacy and numeracy standards shows that Mike Tomlinson, the chief inspector of schools, makes a very important point: in many of our inner cities, the inability to retain teachers is a key factor in preventing educational standards from being raised. Sadly, the Bill will do nothing for poor communities, and I ashamed that a Labour Government have introduced it.
Mrs. Janet Dean (Burton): I am grateful for the opportunity to take part in this debate. The Bill contains a wide range of measures, many of which, such as allowing schools to work closely with the community, are greatly welcomed. I congratulate my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State and her colleagues on the many achievements that have been made in the past four years. Class sizes have fallen for our infants and results in literacy and numeracy and in GCSEs have improved. The increased funding that the Government have made available has helped schools to begin to tackle the backlog of building repairs that we inherited.
In the sixteen years that I spent as a member of Staffordshire education authority, I saw class sizes grow year after year. I saw teachers dispirited and the fabric of our schools deteriorate because of the lack of funding. Although we still have to tackle the disparity in funding, which adversely affects authorities such as Staffordshire, extra resources have gone directly to our schools, which has given head teachers the flexibility as to the best use of that money.
Even with the reduced role of the education authorities and the greater autonomy that schools now enjoy, since 1997, schools and college have begun to work more closely together for the good of the communities that they serve. The emphasis on competition, which developed under the Conservatives, has begun to be replaced by co-operation. Indeed, I am pleased to say that, in spite of the Tory policies, that potentially destructive competition was resisted by local head teachers and governing bodies in some areas of my constituency.
I believe that we should take care to ensure that some of the measures proposed in the Bill do not inadvertently again encourage division. For example, the proposals on earned autonomy could further divide the so-called best schools from the rest, by allowing them to pay teachers more than schools in less affluent areas, where the need to recruit the very best teachers is even greater.
There are two specialist schools in my constituency, and a further high school has applied to become one. I have supported their applications, knowing that such status has brought them extra funding and that the feeder schools also benefit from the support given by the specialist high schools. However, it is significant that, in my constituency, the schools that have gained specialist school status have been the largest and most popular schools, which have been those most able to attract outside finance. I do not want the other high schools, which have not become specialist schools, to be undervalued; they, too, are improving their results. Very often, they have to cope with more challenging catchment areas, as other hon. Members have said.
If we continue down the road of specialisation, we need to ensure that all our schools can become specialists and that they share that expertise with neighbouring schools. We must also be aware that the freedom of choice for parents will always be limited by accessibility and by the space available at a school. The idea of a successful school being allowed to grow is in itself limited. How large can a school become before its size is unacceptable? If there is a growing school, there will be a shrinking school nearby, offering less choice and opportunity to its pupils.
I am concerned about the expansion of faith schools, and I speak as someone who attended a Church of England primary school and who was a governor of a Church of England first school and a Roman Catholic primary school at the same time. I commend the work that church schools have done for many years. As hon. Members have said, in many cases, those schools grew up when no other form of education was available. Church of England schoolswhether aided or controlledoperate generally as local schools, taking pupils from the catchment area around them, whatever their religious beliefs.
I recognise that it is difficult to argue that there should be no expansion, or that other faiths should not establish schools. That is the dilemma, but I have great doubts about the wisdom of a policy that could create further divisions in society. If we are to encourage the development of faith schools, we should encourage the development of multi-faith schools. | <urn:uuid:857624ac-8a50-4ee2-bd4b-bf46d36cd15b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200102/cmhansrd/vo011204/debtext/11204-22.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719908.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00159-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978824 | 1,828 | 1.632813 | 2 |
33) Unfortunately, he was killed fighting in Ireland in 1398, leaving a son, Edmund, fifth Earl of March, now heir presumptive
to the throne -- but too young and weak to act as a bulwark against Bolingbroke, who deposed Richard II in 1399 and seized the throne as Henry IV.
Tconches and bells resounded in the air as the absolutely beautiful Princess Sonam Dechen Wangchuck and the heir presumptive
to the throne of Bhutan, Prince Jigyel Ugyen Wangchuck, occupied the first row along with the Indian High Commissioner to Bhutan on a nippy Friday night to watch dancers from the Royal Academy of Performing Arts ( RAPA) of the kingdom presenting the dancedrama Milarepa and the Hunter .
Downing Street rejected the idea because, as a woman, she was only heir presumptive
, with the risk of being supplanted in the unlikely event of her father producing a male heir apparent.
His other good horses included Royal Stuart, Fascinating Forties, Casbah, Mr Snowman and Heir Presumptive
Wolfe traces the debate about Henri's conversion to the death of the duc d'Alencon in 1584, which made Navarre the heir presumptive
The wedding of the Queen and Philip was the first and so far the only time in British history that the heir presumptive
to the throne had been married.
The heir presumptive
to the throne tells us triumphantly that his plans include the termination of some 20,000 of what is clearly a form of subhuman species.
Blenheim may never have been Churchill's home, for the estate and family title passed to his cousin, the 9th Duke (a lifelong friend always known as 'Sunny'), but for five years in the 1890s Churchill was heir presumptive
to the dukedom and it was always where his roots remained. | <urn:uuid:94d096f8-0cac-4c3d-ac7b-a380bc711cc0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/heir+presumptive | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00029-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968081 | 392 | 2.015625 | 2 |
A tradition on Maundy Thursday is to keep vigil through the night, meditating and praying, as Peter, James and John were asked to do in the Garden of Gethsemane.
For the past six years, St. Philip’s in the Hills Episcopal Church has observed this time of vigil by hosting an all-night reading of Dante’s “Inferno.” Tonight beginning at 9 p.m. in the church, you can hear “Inferno” read the way Dante originally intended.
Parishioners, distinguished poets, eminent translators, visiting scholars and other guests will read selected cantos. Each half-hour segment will begin with the tolling of the tower bells and include silent meditation, atmospheric music and the reading of one canto.
The reading will continue until 10 a.m. on Good Friday.
Attendees are welcome to stay for as much of the reading as they would like and arrive or depart at any time. Other areas of the church and columbarium garden are available for prayer and to keep watch throughout the night.
Many St. Philippians will participate as readers, hosts and musicians. Guest readers for 2014 include Fabian Alfie, head of the department of French and Italian at the University of Arizona. Alfie is a five-year veteran of the event.
Other special guests include Susan Karant-Nunn, director of the Division for Late Medieval and Reformation Studies and Regents’ Professor of History at the UA, playwright Patrick Baliani, Anthony Cicchino, a student in the UA’s Department of Italian, Rabbi Helen Cohn of Congregation M’kor Hayim, poet Richard Tavenner and well-known local actor David Alexander Johnston.
This year, several sets of youth and their parents are participating in the wee hours.
Dante’s epic poem “Divine Comedy” is an allegorical account of the poet’s journey through the three realms of the dead during the last three days of Holy Week (which begins with Maundy Thursday) in 1300.
The portion titled “Inferno” tells of the journey through hell, guided by the Roman poet Virgil. Dante’s trip through hell is an inward journey to the dark heart of the human soul.
This annual tradition draws a wide and diverse community. It has become the custom of a United Methodist youth group from Phoenix to arrive in the small hours of the night and keep watch until the break of dawn.
St. Philip’s is at 4440 N. Campbell Ave., at the corner of East River Road. Parking is available in the north parking lot or under the solar covered parking structure on the east side. The office phone is 299-6421.
For more information about St. Philip’s services and programs, go to www.stphilipstucson.org online. | <urn:uuid:82bbf8fa-3526-4cea-ab5a-9b726f65e8df> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://tucson.com/news/local/foothills/st-philip-s-to-present-all-night-reading-of-dante/article_8002ff90-e5b6-56f1-8cb6-8dcf91422f37.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00289-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947298 | 608 | 1.8125 | 2 |
The Queen has concluded her state visit to Ireland by visiting two of the country’s most popular tourist sites, the Rock of Cashel, followed by Cork.
The first two days of her visit focused on the “troubled past” between Britain and Ireland, and she offered her sympathy to those who had suffered during the conflict.
However the second half has seen her focus more on tourism and leisure.
The monarch and her husband Prince Phillip were shown around the Rock of Cashel and later the ancient market of Cork.
On Thursday the Queen was shown around the Irish National Stud horsebreeding centre in Kildare, west of Dublin, and later attended a show by fashion designers and Irish performers.
Former Taoiseach [prime minister] John Bruton told BBC Radio 4 Today’s programme that Ireland had been “waiting a very long time for what should be normal between two neighbouring states” and the Queen’s visit was very “symbolic”.
“The fact the Queen herself has come, that she has put so much effort into it, displayed so much stamina and has been so warmly welcomed by people here, that is going to make a difference to the tone of the relationship,” he said.
“It is going to make life much easier for the many Irish people living in Britain who now can find that their allegiance to the UK and their allegiance to Ireland are more easy to reconcile.”
Sinn Fein leader Gerry Adams said: “I was particularly taken by Queen Elizabeth’s sincere expression of sympathy to all those who had suffered in the course of the conflict and I think that was very genuine.”
The Queen’s historic four-day visit is the first to the Republic of Ireland by a reigning British monarch.
The security operation surrounding the visit is one of the biggest mounted by the Republic of Ireland and there have been no public walkabouts for the Queen and Prince Philip due to the threat from dissident republicans.
However, the visit has so far passed off with only a few minor scuffles between protesters and police.
Twelve people appeared in court in Dublin on Thursday night after Irish police recovered rockets, flares and fireworks. | <urn:uuid:f3003687-3bbe-45ab-bed4-3d22ad504f52> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.breakingtravelnews.com/news/article/queen-ends-ireland-visit-with-tourism-focus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00327-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983069 | 463 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Monitoring Protected Data with NetFlow
The South Carolina Department of Revenue breach that disclosed 70 gigabytes of taxpayer data to a Russian-based hacker is a great example of how NetFlow could have saved the day. In that particular breach, spear-phished credentials were used to access a VDI machine that pivoted to an internal computer, which transferred the large data dump from a database server.
The pivot machine then moved the 70 GB to another computer before moving it one more time to a destination in Eastern Europe. In a previous blog entry, I described how data loss solutions could have caught this attack by monitoring northbound (egress) traffic. The pervasive monitoring of NetFlow can protect networks much earlier by examining the east-west (lateral) movement of the data. In this installment, we’ll take a deep-dive look at how pervasive, NetFlow-enabled behavioral analysis can catch data loss much earlier in an attack.
Signature-Based Detection Doesn’t Cut It
In another recent blog series, I noted the differences between signature-based detection and behavioral detection. With the exception of “host locking,” which will be discussed later, all of the detection methods covered in this post are behavioral-based. Behavioral detection differs from signature detection in a number of ways, but most notably, behavioral detection requires maintaining and incrementing records on hosts to catalog behavior.
Where behavioral detection is “host-centric,” signature detection is “transaction-centric.” Signature-based detection looks at a data stream, and based on the data of that stream, determines whether that transaction should be red flagged. Behavioral detection takes a broader view, looking at every transaction in context to a host’s criticality, function, location and a number of other metrics.
Setting Up Monitoring
With Lancope’s StealthWatch System, a grouping of computers housing protected data can be created. In this example, we are going to look at how cardholder data can be monitored to ensure PCI compliance. This same approach can be used to monitor access to protected trade secrets, patient data, PII, FOUO (for official use only) or any other data that needs to be safeguarded.
Create the Host Groups
To begin protecting the cardholder data, security administrators need to first establish where it is. I’ve met with several security groups that didn’t know where their sensitive information was located. This is akin to the guards at Fort Knox not knowing where the gold is kept. A fundamental step in safeguarding data is taking an inventory of where it is located. It is likely that the initial inventory will reveal a need to improve segmentation and safeguarding (enforcement) design. Once the data is properly inventoried and segmented, one can add the IP addresses of the protected machines to their own host group.
Create the Relationship
When implementing a segmentation strategy, data relationships and policies should have been created for who/what can access the data. In StealthWatch, users can create host groups for those policy participants – point-of-sale (POS) machines, e-Commerce, accounting, unauthorized segments, etc. With the host groups created, a relational map can be formed in StealthWatch.
In the example map above, note that only POS machines should have access to the cardholder data. Since a “hole” in security must be created to allow for business operations, these communications need to be closely scrutinized. StealthWatch can baseline what normal traffic profiles look like for this relationship, and send alarms to operators when anomalous traffic occurs.
In our example infrastructure, no traffic should exist on any other links, including those leaving POS machines to unauthorized machines or the Internet.
Examining Compliance Traffic
Histograms of traffic can be created going back as long as the relationships exist to provide auditors with proof that no authorized communications have occurred. In the PCI Operational Dashboard below, note that the authorized communications between the POS machines and the cardholder data stores are being monitored for suspicious and anomalous traffic. Also note that the pervasive nature of NetFlow monitoring easily shows that compliance measures are effective on three of the prohibited relationships. Also note that a policy violation is logged for traffic leaving a cardholder data store to the Internet.
Alarms on Policy Violations
As discussed in another previous blog post, host locking policies can be created to send alarms when segmentation rules are broken.
These hard policy alarms can provide alerts when users have circumvented enforcement mechanisms or policy to reach protected assets. If alerts are desired on attempted (unidirectional) connections, StealthWatch can alert on those attempted breaches as well. This allows detection early in the kill chain.
Marking Assets as “High Sensitivity”
In StealthWatch, every host is assigned a flexible indicator called the Target Index (TI). The Target Index is a numeric value that represents how much suspicious or anomalous activity is being directed at the host. TI is algorithmically calculated and incremented as every communication is processed by the StealthWatch FlowCollector.
When protecting assets containing sensitive information, a “High Target Index” alarm can be initiated to alert operators to active threats against those hosts. TI can be driven up on a host as early as the reconnaissance phase in the kill chain. Since TI is attached to the target (and not the attacking host), sophisticated attacks that are being coordinated from multiple sources (attackers) to reduce suspicion will still be quickly seen because of the target-focused nature of this score. The “tolerance” of bad behavior can be made very low on these protected hosts because of their predictable transaction patterns (mostly POS) and the high sensitivity of the data concerned.
In addition to the early lateral detection provided by intelligent behavioral NetFlow analysis, standard egress monitoring can also be leveraged to note possible data loss.
When a breach is detected by human intelligence, behavioral analysis, or another detection mechanism, StealthWatch provides pervasive, forensic records that allow the impact of a breach to be determined.
Intelligent processing of NetFlow records in conjunction with a behavioral analysis engine can provide early detection of attempted breaches of protected information. Additionally, the deep visibility provides a long-term audit trail that can demonstrate compliance, validate segmentation and enforcement, as well as create long-term forensic records. | <urn:uuid:41438f85-90f2-4c53-8afb-8b9fde5ff41a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.charlesherring.com/blog/monitoring-protected-data-netflow | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.926721 | 1,319 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Northern Samar is a province in the Philippines located in the Eastern Visayas region. Its capital is Catarman and is located at the northern portion of the island of Samar. Bordering the province to the south are the provinces of Samar and Eastern Samar. To the northwest, across the San Bernardino Strait is Sorsogon; to the east is the Philippine Sea and to the west is Samar Sea.
in dry palay, in metric tons per hectare, yearly
in milled rice, by metric tons, yearly | <urn:uuid:5eba2c43-713f-45ac-b4e8-e596f3d58197> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://palaystat.philrice.gov.ph/quick-facts/graph/48/Northern_Samar | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.963025 | 107 | 2.125 | 2 |
Monday, September 17, 2012
I used to get a chuckle out of letters from disgruntled older alumni published in the Princeton Alumni Weekly several decades ago, whether it was over the advent of co-education, lack of mandatory chapel, or some other change in a university tradition. Now that I am approaching my mid-50s, I find that I have at least a nit to pick with President Tilghman, and part of her speech during Opening Exercises on September 9.
As summarized in the News at Princeton from the Tiger E-News that hit my inbox today, under the headline "At Opening Exercises, Tilghman asks new students to 'occupy' Princeton," President Shirley Tilghman cited the Occupy movement in an effort to get students to think beyond themselves:
Finally, Tilghman turned to the Occupy movement that began last September in Zuccotti Park near Wall Street in New York City. Just as the protesters drew attention to the gap between the top 1 percent and the bottom 99 percent in income, Tilghman suggested that there is a similar gap in opportunity. She asked the new students to recognize that now, in joining the Princeton community, they are becoming part of the 1 percent in terms of future opportunity, irrespective of their backgrounds. In acknowledging that such a privilege carries broad responsibilities, Tilghman urged them to conduct themselves with the protesters' spirit and to embrace the University's informal motto of "Princeton in the Nation's Service and in the Service of All Nations."Let's set aside that a number of Wall Street people currently serve as Trustees at Princeton, and that obviously Princeton fund raising targets the 1% who can provide the large gifts necessary for success of programs such as Aspire over the last five years, so there is a degree of intellectual inconsistency in President Tilghman casting Occupy in any positive light. I am greatly in favor of including a "with great power/privilege comes great responsibility" section in a speech to students, and I understand that such a lesson should go beyond the concept of noblesse oblige that might have been taught several generations ago. I would simply expect President Tilghman to draw on an inspiration other than the Occupy movement, given all of the negative activities associated with the Occupiers (yes, the link goes to the righty National Review, but the links within that compendium are largely non-partisan news stories).
If I was giving a speech at West Point, and wanted to stress the importance of discipline and order within the military, I would not say, "I urge you to draw on the spirit of the SS and prepare yourself to follow orders which you may not fully understand." That is, I would not be like the character John Gill in the Star Trek TV episode "Patterns of Force" and draw any positive lessons from any part of Nazi Germany (his dying words, "It was the most efficient system of government ever devised").
I don't think that the vast majority of Occupiers should be compared with Nazis or other criminals -- most Occupiers are probably nice, non-violent people who are deeply troubled by income inequality occurring in a constitutional republic, or the inequality of outcomes in general. I just think that using either Luke 12:48 (in an ecumenical sense) or the first Spider-Man movie would be a cleaner way of delivering the same message that President Tilghman was trying to send. Let's leave the Occupy movement out of it.
Sunday, September 09, 2012
Mort Zuckerman describes the incredibly dismal job situation, which is far worse than the headline unemployment rate number.
The alarming numbers proliferate the deeper you look: 40.7% of the people counted as unemployed have been out of work for 27 weeks or more—that's 5.2 million "long-term" unemployed. Fewer Americans are at work today than in April 2000, even though the population since then has grown by 31 million.Read the whole thing, including this bit:
We are still almost five million payrolls shy of where we were at the end of 2007, when the recession began. Think about that when you hear the Obama administration's talk of an economic recovery.
Older Americans can't afford to quit. Ironically, since the recession began, employment in the age group of 55 and older is up 3.9 million, even as total employment is down by five million. These citizens hope to retire with dignity, but they feel the need to bolster savings as a salve for the stomach-churning decline in their net worth, 75% of which has come from the fall in the value of their home equity.This is not to make a partisan point -- one need not ascribe presidential "fault" for the current disaster to recognize that is exactly what it is. Young people are neither having the experiences they need to be productive in the future, nor are they having babies. We are borrowing an incremental $1.5 trillion a year, more or less, that will have to be paid back by fewer people who are less productive. We are supporting our own standard of living today, such as it is, by destroying the standard of living of young Americans, and those not yet borne. Is there anybody who can do even the most basic math who disagrees with that point?
The baby-boomer population postponing its exit from the workforce in a recession creates a huge bottleneck that blocks youth employment. Displaced young workers now face double-digit unemployment and more life at home with their parents.
Many young couples decide that they can't afford to start a family, and as a consequence the birthrate has just hit a 25-year low of 1.87%.
So the question is, how do we restart the American job engine and turn our vicious cycle in to a virtuous one? Enact as many of the following proposals as possible, as quickly as possible. True, many of the prescriptions below will irritate left and right or gore special interests, but each and every one of them will unlock labor markets and create opportunity by reducing the risk, expense, and hassle of employing people and starting up small companies (that inevitably generate almost all of the net job growth in the economy). The good news is that none of these proposals call for big new government programs, corporate welfare, or industry-specific subsidies or deregulation (such as "drill more oil" or "approve the Keystone pipeline"). Nor do these proposals call for big tax cuts for the "rich" or require the political settlement of huge issues that closely divide Americans.
1. To lift up the poor, allow any employer to hire any worker for less than $10 per hour without filling out a single piece of paper or paying a single tax. No payroll taxes (of which more below), no immigration forms, no Social Security number, no nothing. Pay cash if you want. Above $10, scale incremental tax expense so that the marginal effective tax rate never exceeds the top marginal income tax rate. Substantially reduce the paperwork requirements for all employers, including government contractors.
2. Lower the risk of hiring people by making it much easier to fire them. Immunize employers for slander in the giving of job recommendations so that they can give real information rather than "name, rank, and serial number." Limit damages for individual employee liability (such as for discrimination) to twice lost wages, capped at one year of pay. In return, immunize former employees from slander or libel damages for things they say or write about their former employer, online or otherwise, after the fact (which will give a strong incentive to employers to treat people fairly and respectfully, even on dismissal).
3. Uncouple health benefits from the employment relationship (a virtually essential element of any health care reform plan other than Barack Obama's). The relationship between the two is an accident of history, a function of government wage controls during World War II. The linkage deters hiring every day, especially for the poor.
4. End payroll taxes entirely. To do this, we have to kill off the Social Security tax and uncouple Social Security from employment (that is, you get it whether you worked or not -- consider taxing benefits as ordinary income to make up for the added cost). Fund it from general revenues by eliminating all payroll taxes and substituting income taxes, since that is what we are going to end up doing anyway when all those Treasury securities in the "trust fund" mature. Revise the personal income tax to tax all income, from the first dollar, at some rate adequate to make up for the elimination of payroll taxes. Assume for this exercise that the aggregate tax burden at any given level of income will be no more or less progressive than under the prior system.
5. Bring back shop class in our schools (a sentence I never thought I would write, insofar as I hated shop). At all times in all schools, require discipline, honesty, punctuality, and above all, respect for the work. Send the message that work for money makes a contribution to our society by allowing paid employment at a local business to satisfy "community service" requirements. Teach students how to be good employees, even if you have to bring in non-teachers to do it.
6. Recognize that state and local regulation in many parts of the country makes it a lot harder to start or expand businesses than it ought to be (the differences between Austin, Texas and Princeton, New Jersey, both liberal college towns, are startling). How long does it take to get a building permit? How many jobs require a "license" and how hard is it go get one? How difficult is it for businesses to do simple things, like putting tables on the sidewalk or selling alcohol? To what extent do state or local regulations establish wasteful anti-competitive schemes, such as taxi monopolies and rent control? To address this, order the federal Department of Commerce to develop an agreed upon "score card" that measures state and local regulations and identifies best and worst practices from the perspective of business formation and expansion. If sunshine does not drive reform, tie federal funds to the elimination of "worst practice" state and local regulations that unreasonably interfere with business formation or expansion.
7. Require that all new federal regulations be accompanied by "an employment impact statement," the data in support of which is fully available on line and subject to open-source critique.
8. Require that all existing federal regulations be eliminated or reviewed for their impact on employment during the next five years, and once per decade thereafter. Consider an aggregate cap on regulation: For every job killed or prevented by new federal regulations, other regulations must be eliminated to compensate. This will force our regulators and politicians to make difficult and serious choices.
9. Make it a lot easier to raise capital to start a business by making it a lot easier for venture investors to "exit" a successful one. Make it a lot easier for privately-issued shares to trade after they have been issued. Direct the SEC to favor public stock offerings of venture-backed businesses (this is as much a question of attitude as anything else, so it may require some cleaning of house in that agency). Eliminate Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404, which requires a costly "internal controls" audit that makes public companies (and aspiring public companies) of all sizes far less nimble and encourages a culture of risk aversion in virtually all American public companies. Eliminate the Public Accounting Oversight Board, the mere existence of which has massively increased the expense of financial statement audits with no obvious benefit in transparency.
10. Annual revisions in generally accepted accounting standards are both expensive and wholly confusing for the people who actually use financial statements, lenders and equity investors. Agree that GAAP will be revised, either directly or by SEC pronouncement, no more often than once per decade.
11. Not only do we need for winning investments to have a ready and quick exit, we need for losing investments to do as well. Allow taxpayers to deduct all capital losses against ordinary income. That will allow for much faster recognition of losses which will return capital to the system for reinvestment much more quickly. Raise the capital gains rate a bit if necessary to fund full deductability.
12. Reconfigure immigration policy to attract skilled and wealthy immigrants who are likely to start new businesses.
13. If the political price of #1 and #12 above requires it, fund a massive expansion of the border patrol. That will both generate jobs (the only "make work" proposal on this list) and choke off the supply of new illegal aliens.
Of course, these proposals do not fundamentally touch macro considerations, such as fiscal policy, corporate tax policy, individual income tax policy (except to the extent necessary to eliminate payroll taxes and decouple health benefits from employment), international trade, national labor relations, or our system of civil liability. There are, no doubt, a great many things we could do in those areas to help employment as well, but they each touch fundamental and closely divided disagreements in American public life. The point here is to show that there are relatively low cost policy moves that could be done now and in the medium term to fire up the jobs market without requiring the "settlement" of these huge issues (recognizing our utterly dysfunctional political class would struggle to enact even my relatively minimal program).
Release the hounds. | <urn:uuid:54516900-8a2f-4e81-8071-4c3a081505c4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://tigerhawk.blogspot.com/2012_09_01_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00292-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95747 | 2,719 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Unless you’re willing to assert that homosexual behavior is immoral or unnatural (or both), you’ll have a hard time making an effective case against same-sex marriage (SSM). It won’t be impossible, just exceedingly difficult. Perhaps you’ll be able to reinforce the convictions of those who, like yourself, are already opposed to SSM. But you won’t change any minds among those who favor it, and you won’t win many converts among the undecided.
I say this as one who has been arguing in print against the gay movement for the past 25 years. Never have I asserted that homosexual behavior is immoral or unnatural. I set that question aside, confining myself instead to the social consequences that would follow from giving moral and social approval to homosexual behavior — from giving it, so to speak, society’s Good Housekeeping Seal of Approval. My arguments, some of them overlapping with one another, have been as follows:
- When law and public opinion give their endorsement to homosexual behavior, they implicitly condemn those who disapprove of such behavior, namely traditional Catholics, Protestants, and Jews.
- The push for SSM is — at least de facto, if not deliberately — an attempt to destroy traditional Christianity.
- The drive for SSM is but the latest stage of the sexual revolution, and at every one of that revolution’s earlier stages (casual fornication, unmarried cohabitation, out-of-wedlock childbirth, abortion), it has served to undermine marriage; why would any reasonable person imagine that this latest stage will be any different?
- SSM is the reductio ad absurdum of marriage. If persons of the same sex can get married, doesn’t marriage then mean anything — and nothing?
- Marriage was instituted for the begetting of children, something that two persons of the same sex cannot do.
- A growing child has a profound psychological need for a mother and father. Two mothers won’t do, and neither will two fathers.
- The undermining of marriage has had disastrous consequences for millions of children who have grown up fatherless (and usually in poverty). These consequences, while bad among all racial groups, have been worst among African Americans — in some cases frustrating the movement toward socioeconomic parity between black and white.
Now, I happen to believe these are good arguments and that they should be persuasive, even among those who don’t feel that homosexual behavior is immoral or unnatural. But, in practice, I find that the arguments don’t persuade anyone who is not already convinced.
And no wonder: If homosexual behavior is neither immoral nor unnatural, why should anyone object to it? And if it is unobjectionable, why should persons of the same sex be banned from marrying one another? On the other hand, if homosexual behavior is immoral or unnatural, then of course it is also objectionable. It should be discouraged at least by public opinion, and perhaps also by law; and by no means should SSM be allowed.
Why have many of us in the anti-SSM camp been unwilling to deploy the argument that homosexual behavior is immoral/unnatural? For one, we have been intimidated by the gay movement’s very formidable propaganda machine. If you say — indeed, if you even hint — that there may be something wrong with homosexual behavior, you will immediately be labeled a “homophobe” and a “bigot,” guilty of “hate speech.” For another, we are reluctant to hurt the feelings of persons we know, in some cases good friends: gay persons themselves, or their parents and relatives.
Perhaps most important, we want to argue from premises shared by everyone. If we argue that homosexual behavior is sinful, we would usually be arguing from Judeo-Christian premises; and although at one time these would have been shared by most Americans, this is no longer the case.
If, on the other hand, we argue that homosexual behavior is unnatural, we are arguing from ancient philosophical premises derived from Aristotle and Stoicism. According to Aristotle, those tendencies are natural that are common to all, or almost all, members of a species; if some individual members of a species deviate from these tendencies, these deviations are considered unnatural. According to Stoicism, nature is a manifestation of God; the study of nature, therefore, will uncover the will of God. Combine those philosophies, and homosexual behavior is seen as unnatural and contrary to the will of God.
But who has time, prior to denouncing homosexual behavior as immoral/unnatural, to explain the philosophy of Aristotle and the Stoics? And even if you take the time to explain, who will listen? Who will be deterred from supporting same-sex marriage because it conflicts with the philosophy of some Greeks who lived more than two millennia ago?
And so we forgo the immoral/unnatural argument, trying instead to win the argument by focusing on the probable social-psychological consequences of SSM. But in the long run, that argument seems doomed to fail: Polls show a very clear majority of the younger generation has no objection either to homosexual behavior generally or to SSM.
We may not change many minds, regardless of which approach we take. But by focusing on the argument that homosexual behavior is immoral/unnatural, we will at least stiffen the opposition to same-sex marriage among religious and philosophical traditionalists. If we table that argument, we will have played into the hands of our opponents. By our silence, we have virtually conceded that homosexual behavior is neither immoral nor unnatural — and, by extension, we have all but conceded that same-sex marriage is appropriate, too. | <urn:uuid:408cb319-66d4-42e1-b525-b1e5ca5675b1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.crisismagazine.com/2011/the-failure-of-our-gay-marriage-arguments | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00565-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947665 | 1,176 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Consumers Open to Composting, Don’t Want to Pay Extra
US consumers are open to composting in their homes — but don’t want to pay additional fees to support such services, according to a survey.
While 72 percent of Americans do not compost their food waste, 67 percent of these non-composters would be willing to if it were more convenient to do so in their community, according to the online survey of more than 2,000 adults by Harris Interactive and commissioned by the National Waste & Recycling Association.
The waste and recycling industry group’s survey also found that 62 percent would not support an increase in the cost of their waste and recycling service, either in the form of a separate fee or an increase in taxes, if necessary to support separate food and yard waste collection and processing.
Other findings include:
- More than three-quarters of Americans (77 percent) say that they understand the importance of implementing a separate management process for food/yard organic material waste instead of disposing of it with general household waste.
- More than two-thirds of those who do not compost via community programs (68 percent) say they would be willing to manage another bin to separate food waste from recyclables and other trash if their community implemented a program requiring them to do so.
- Among Americans who have gardens or a yard, four in five (79 percent) say they would be willing to use gardening fertilizers, mulch and other products made from food waste compost.
Compostability should replace the B word — biodegradable — in sustainability conversations, according to Adam Gendell, project manager at GreenBlue’s Sustainable Packaging Coalition. The problem with the B word, he says, is that sometimes biodegradable can improve sustainability but sometimes it’s a detractor.
Energy Manager News
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- Mississippi Watchdog: Kemper Syngas Operations Could Raise Costs by 288%
- Waste-to-Energy Shows Growth in New Jersey, Maine and Florida
- Zen Ecosystems Introduces Zen HQ
- Flywheel Platform Introduced by GE | <urn:uuid:345062a5-679e-4d91-925c-e84a2f840f94> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.environmentalleader.com/2014/01/09/consumers-open-to-composting-dont-want-to-pay-extra/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719027.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00301-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927659 | 496 | 2.34375 | 2 |
The Grant of the Magi by William Sydney Porter Xinyan Zhu September 2, 2012 Comp1102 /Fall Mrs. Chambers The Grant of the Magi by William Sidney Porter William Sidney Porter, emend known below his pen designate “O. Henry”, born September 11 1862 in Greensboro North Carolina. Accused of embezzling bank investment, Henry was arrested and sentenced to three years in prison. During this ebon age in his morals, he inaugurate his erudite course delay his stories that were to be self-possessed in his pristine capacity “Cabbage and Kings” (1904).
Henry left the stories principally laid in New York, Central American and Western American. The priority of the stories that can be ground, however, are set in Manhattan, New York City. In these operations, Henry portrayed the air and the scenes of its restaurant and its old chamber houses truly placidman to morals. For this deduce, Henry dross close in the hearts of the common as, “the prose laureate of Manhattan Island” (1945,Lewiston Journal Magazine Section). Finally he deserves collocate delay America’s highest of the defective relation and hands down far and extensive up to now.
His figurative operation The Grant of the Magi (1906) is an very-fur tender relation of a pubescent townsman who dispose-of their best effects, Della’s hair and Jim’s tend, in adexact to get money for a Christmas exhibit for each other. The hair is cut and sold to buy a brilliant tend tie, and the tend is sold to buy a dulcet comb, neither sharp that the exhibit can no coveter be of any use when offered to the cheridrop one. After the pristine balbutiation, the well relation seems divulge environing a droll relation, but no one cannot laugh out. This essay focuses on the effect of The Grant of Magi.
It reflects the ambience of enjoyment delay seriousness of the townsman’s morals. There is bigwig designing delayin this relation. Sundry commonalty studies Henry’s The Grant of Magi from unanalogous perspectives, such as analyzing the characteristics, the Nursing essay and besides singular setting of The Grant of Magi. The mode of O. Henry’s defective novel’s effect is well-known throughout the globe of attainment delay its wit unlocked-for but deduceable results. From the inauguratening of the relation, the pubescent townsman is characterized as their placidman charity holder demonstrationing frankness and fealty through the way of sacrificing their valued value.
First, Della cries, “she whirled from the window and clear anteriorly the glass. Her eyes were shining brilliantly, but her mien had obsolete its falsification delayin twenty seconds. Rapidly she pulled down her hair and let it gravitate to its unmeasured length”(The Grant of the Magi). Later Della creates up her inclination to do one unnaturalness giving the readers an marvelous shame inviting to readers to drop mourning upupstraight now. The singly scope is exact to concede exhibit on Christmas. Della is unmeasured of choice, has judgment that she would concede her mate the most agreeable grant on the Christmas Day, but a solid consciousness of carefulness serve delay her.
When Jim has returned abode and stared at Della, a bust of intricate passion occurs to him, his secret globe charged delay sundry inauspicious ideas. By Della’s interpretation Jim has executed the corresponding unnaturalness as Della executed for him, he has sold the tend to get the money to buy combs which Della charitys for a very covet era. Fortunately, the townsman exhibits their most valued exhibits to each other, developed exhibits is temporarily profitless but their reciprocal charity is placidman and permanent always. There is no demur that it embodies the morals of enjoyment delay seriousness and designingens their charity.
Here Henry exhibits the summit and later comments on, “the silly consequence in a tame who most undiplomaticly sacrificed for each other the highest value of their house”(The Grant of the Magi). The pubescent townsman in-truth sacrifices their valued effects, the undiplomatic mien lies in their resolution delayout divulgeing each other forward of era and the townsman exact wants to carry a amaze delay excellent enjoyment to demonstration their influence. Surprising effect is O. Henry’s one attestation. Della asks Jim to concede her tend to see how it looks on it.
Instead of subservient, Jim tumbles down on the couch and put his hands below the end of his minority and smiled. Because Jim knows it profitless upupstraight now, no tend any over. For twain of them, losing their excellent value resources nounnaturalness could create them arrogant of, but they possess current one over leading unnaturalness, a consciousness of choice and complacency. The moneyless townsman creates a smooth and placid air to move how fur they charity each other. Although Henry depicts the silly consequence, “but in a last engagement to the intelligent of these days let it be said that of all who concede grants these two were the intelligentst. , “…of all who concede and assent-to grants, such as they are intelligentst. ”(The Grant of the Magi) It denotes that their grants are the most immortal and holy demonstration to their transcendent placidman charity. Therefore, the two silly consequence, Della and Jim are the intelligentst. Since they assent-to the ghostly exhibits through their resolution. They are the magi, and their grants are the grants of the magi. To sum up, level The Grant of Magi is exact one minority of morals in American commonalty who are struggling for morals and minute for a emend morals delay enjoyment and seriousness in the unyielding and indisposition fellowship.
There is fur to be well-informed from the charity of this townsman. Works Cited 1. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/O. _Henry. 2. Lewiston Journal Magazine Section, 1945. 3. Angell, Roger. “The Grant of the Magi: Interview. The New Yorker. Broadcast portraiture. Morning Edition. Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center. 2010. 4. Wilson, Kathleen. "The Grant of the Magi. " Defective Stories for Students. Ed. Kathleen Wilson. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale. Litfinder for Schools. 1997. | <urn:uuid:83802c02-ee8f-404d-bd2e-14bc06bbbc60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://paperanswers.com/gift/the-gift-of-the-magi-by-william-sidney-porter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.942451 | 1,379 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Using design-build as a project delivery method allows the electrical contractor to provide early input into the construction process and gives the contractor more influence over what product types and brands go into a project. So, which contractors are taking advantage of this lucrative market and offering design-build to their customers?
According to a survey conducted by ELECTRICAL CONTRACTOR magazine and published in the June 2002 issue, an average of 44 percent of the respondents' dollar volume in 2001 was completed on a design-build basis. Contractors also reported that 12 percent of their work involved substantive changes being made to the drawings and specifications provided by others, and in another 14 percent of their projects, slight modifications to specs and drawings supplied by someone else were necessary. Finally, in 30 percent of the projects, contractors followed the specs provided by someone else. This basically means that electrical contractors have direct input on a project's design 70 percent of the time.
Oddly enough, though, it seems larger companies--those with 50 or more employees--are more likely to adhere to supplied drawings and specifications, while small companies with fewer than 10 employees are twice as likely to work on a design-build basis. That is probably attributable to the fact that large contractors are more likely to work on larger, more sophisticated projects with multiple-firm project-management teams.
Different contractors approach design-build work in a number of ways. For example, at Ewing Electric Inc., Edmonds, Wash., design-build projects tend to be large in scope and can take a long time from inception to the beginning of construction. According to Paul Sorensen, a Ewing vice president, design-build projects account for close to 55 percent of sales volume, but only about 10 percent of the total number of projects.
"Most of the time in design-build, work is spent in the up-front planning and discussion phases to determine the customer's requirements," said Sorensen, whose company performs most of its work in the commercial, manufacturing, industrial and health care markets, and works with a team of outside architects and engineers to design systems for the facility. "We use our decades of experience to ensure that the electrical system design will fulfill the customer's current and future needs."
Coghlin Electrical Contractors Inc., Worcester, Mass., also offers design-build services as part of a team that includes outside architects, engineers and construction managers. The goal of offering design-build services, according to Ted Coghlin, Jr., president, is to add value to the project. The company provides services such as general electrical, lighting and power distribution systems design for the industrial, commercial, pharmaceutical, and high-tech computer network and telecommunications markets. "Design-build is a customer driven-market which accounts for about 25 percent of our projects," Coghlin said. Seventy to 75 percent of the company's work is on a negotiated contract basis, and the remaining projects are won on a traditional competitive bid-build basis.
According to Randy Maddox, vice president of business management for Ermco Inc. of Indianapolis, the most successful design-build contractors have a dedicated design staff. "Design engineers are more focused on reducing customer's costs through more precise planning of the project from inception to completion," he observed. About 15 percent of Ermco's telecommunication and electrical projects are design-build or design-assist and are in the health care, commercial, hotel, industrial, manufacturing and plant process facility markets.
Design-build and increasing market share
Does offering design-build services help a company's position in the marketplace? According to Sorensen, design-build definitely improves a company's competitiveness. "The design-build process allows the electrical contactor to talk directly to the facility or building owner about their requirements to provide a more cost-effective final product that truly fulfills their needs," he said.
Another way design-build helps position a company is by promoting a full-service relationship with its client base, architects, general contractors and construction managers. "Design-build allows us to build a reputation of being able to provide a full range of capabilities, which enables us to get in on a lot of projects we may otherwise not," stated Coghlin.
In addition, design-build allows the electrical contractor to differentiate itself from the competition and make a value-added partner in the project. According to Paul Archambault, vice president and senior project manager for Ace Electrical Contractors in Minneapolis, the design-build approach allows the end-user and electrical contractor to interact directly and decide together exactly what systems are needed to perform the necessary functions that will fulfill the end requirements. Ace Electrical also takes the approach of using partners with specific expertise to assist in the design phase of its design-build projects, which account for roughly half of the company's work.
Stumbling blocks to design-build
The most challenging aspect of the design-build delivery method is convincing customers, particularly those with smaller projects, that design-build is actually a more cost-effective delivery method than traditional bid-build.
A major concern when dealing with design-build projects, according to Coghlin, is how the systems being installed will be used. "The electrical contractor must be able to design a system that will provide sufficient quantity and quality of power to meet changing needs within a three- to five-year time period," he said. This is especially true in the high-tech, voice/data/video (VDV), and industrial markets because electrical needs are constantly changing in accordance with technology advances and the customer's growing needs.
Another difficulty in successfully offering design-build services is when the project is awarded on a bid, rather than a negotiated, basis. "The traditional bid-basis award of a design-build project makes it more difficult for the contractor to provide the preconstruction design-build services that often ensure the smooth completion of the project," said Maddox. On the other hand, negotiated contracts mean that the design team and owner work closely together to determine the customer's requirements and the best ways to achieve them. Of course, a company must first develop the initial reputation of providing quality design work before it can increase its market share through negotiated contracts.
A major up-front investment can also be a major stumbling block on the road to successfully offering design-build services. "A design-build contractor has to invest in equipment and tools for designers and estimators, such as the latest AutoCAD and other computer software and hardware," said Coghlin. That figure could run up to $100,000 for the initial investment and then, over time, upgrades must be continually made.
In addition to equipment, investments must be made in personnel and training. "Training is imperative," said Coghlin, whose company has three classrooms available for customer training in systems and continuing education for its work force. "Electricians, technicians and the company's management team must remain current on the latest technologies and their applications in order to provide the quality services expected by the customer."
Finally, the successful design-build electrical contractor must demonstrate through marketing itself that design-build is the preferred delivery method for applications that require shortened schedule durations, that design-build projects have fewer change orders, and that design-build is frequently the most cost-effective way of successfully completing an electrical installation. EC
BREMER, a freelance writer based in Solomons, Md., contributes frequently to ELECTRICAL CONTRACTOR. She can be reached at 410.394.6966 or by e-mail at email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:7383c093-3fba-4808-be02-f2ab6b2ffd6b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ecmag.com/section/your-business/design-build-strategies | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00143-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958355 | 1,554 | 1.648438 | 2 |
IBM has canceled a project for adding Crusoe microprocessors to its ThinkPad 240 notebook, saying that the notebook does not fit within its current marketing plans, according to a company spokesman. In June, Big Blue had showcased a ThinkPad 240 containing a Crusoe chip at PC Expo.
The company will continue to examine Transmeta technology, but there are no plans for Crusoe-powered notebooks in the near future, the spokesman said.
"The 240 project has been put on hold," the spokesman said. "But we continue to look at Transmeta on an ongoing basis."
IBM had not officially committed to releasing a Crusoe notebook commercially, yet Transmeta and IBM executives in June acknowledged that Big Blue was gunning to release a Crusoe-based ThinkPad in the fourth quarter of this year--if plans remained on track.
IBM had earlier enlisted Quanta, a Taiwanese notebook manufacturer, to manufacture the ThinkPad 240.
Transmeta specializes in notebook processors that consume less power than chips from Intel or Advanced Micro Devices. Transmeta notebooks promise to weigh less and consume less power than other notebooks on the market.
While Sony and other Japanese manufacturers have announced plans to release Transmeta notebooks, IBM's support was seen as a major victory. IBM is one of the largest notebook manufacturers in the world.
IBM's semiconductor division is also manufacturing the Crusoe chip on behalf of Transmeta.
While IBM officials did not precisely clarify why the project was cancelled, analysts speculated that the relative performance of Crusoe chips could be a factor.
Crusoe processors do not directly run Windows programs from Microsoft. Instead, programs are filtered through an additional "code-morphing" software layer, which can diminish performance. Transmeta executives have said that because of code morphing, a 700-MHz Crusoe processor performs more like a 600-MHz Pentium chip.
Early benchmark tests, however, indicate that a wider performance discrepancy may exist.
If Transmeta can't offer an equivalent performance to competitors' chips, "Intel starts to come back with a good story," said Linley Gwennap, an analyst with the Linley Group. | <urn:uuid:af5d7f38-babf-4bc2-aba7-8334e36d01ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/ibm-puts-transmeta-plans-on-hold/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.957907 | 446 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Simulations? But… why?
When I was taking classess at University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, I was one of those guys that was strong in programming/coding but had to spend much of my time on the math behind statistics. I stopped taking math after vector calculus during undergrad (which I regret) because I was a Biochem major. I thoroughly enjoyed learning all the tricks but I so wish I had learned about (real) analysis and higher (proof-based) maths when I was younger. I say this because the foundation to having a deeper understanding of statistics is to be comfortable with the underlying math.
So back to my years I was taking the biostatistics classes in Colorado… Because it took me so long to understand mathematical concepts, I regularly took different routes to understanding concepts in stats. For example, it would’ve been way more difficult if I didn’t go about reading through many books on the proof of the Central Limit Theorem. But what helped me gain an additional layer of insight was to through simulation exercises (such as this one).
I learned many of the statistical concepts through really diving deep into the math. But, most of the concepts that stick with me are those that I’ve played around the most. By writing down proofs, one’s intution improves regarding a concept but I like to think another way to improve understanding is to experiment, i.e. simulate. So today’s post is a simple post about using simulations as a playful tool to gaining insights and understanding real-world problems.
I actually stumbled upon a post in r-blooger that talks about
tidysimulations. Essentially, it’s just a play on simulations using
The post above wanted to know how many throws on average it takes to get 2 consecutive heads. I am going to take that one step further and find out how many throws on average it takes to get 3 consecutive heads (HHH). Additionally, I want to know how many thorws it takes to get HHT, HTT, and HTH.
## ── Attaching packages ─────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse 1.3.0 ──
## ✓ ggplot2 3.2.1 ✓ purrr 0.3.3 ## ✓ tibble 2.1.3 ✓ dplyr 0.8.3 ## ✓ tidyr 1.0.0 ✓ stringr 1.4.0 ## ✓ readr 1.3.1 ✓ forcats 0.4.0
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ── ## x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter() ## x dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()
set.seed(5) res <- crossing(trial = 1:2000, flip = 1:200) %>% mutate(heads = rbinom(n(), 1, .5)) %>% group_by(trial) %>% mutate( next_flip = lead(heads,1), next2_flip = lead(heads,2), hhh = heads & next_flip & next2_flip, hht = heads & next_flip & !next2_flip, htt = heads & !next_flip & !next2_flip, hth = heads & !next_flip & next2_flip ) %>% summarise( first_hhh = which(hhh) + 1, first_hht = which(hht) + 1, first_htt = which(htt) + 1, first_hth = which(hth) + 1 ) %>% summarise( first_hhh = mean(first_hhh), first_hht = mean(first_hht), first_htt = mean(first_htt), first_hth = mean(first_hth) ) res
## # A tibble: 1 x 4 ## first_hhh first_hht first_htt first_hth ## <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> ## 1 13.1 6.93 6.98 9.24
The above indicates that it takes 13 throws to get HHH, 6 throws to get HHT, 6 throws to get HTT, and 9 throws to get HTH.
The above could be a super useless simulation, I know. But if you think about complex simulations that statisticians perform, it’s really building on simple simulation scenarios like the above. Understanding risk of disease or estimating cost of surgery are all based on principles of probability/likelhood.
I haven’t gone into any math in my posts so far because I haven’t really had much time to think through a worthwhile topic (and it takes me super long to really think through even the simplest of concepts). I think I may write a post about probability inverse transforms which also invovles simulation.
Again, thank you for reading my post! I hope you find this post intriguing enough to explore more simulations! | <urn:uuid:7e2dd893-a6a0-46b5-8ae2-a57bf992046b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pharmacoecon.me/post/tidy-simulation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.911063 | 1,104 | 1.71875 | 2 |
While thinking of a design for ZW’s first issue I found myself continuously reflecting on what this collective comes to signify in trying times such as these. Picturing ‘dispossession and loss in Kashmir’ is an immensely difficult task not for of the lack of things to be included but regrettably because of their abundance. On thinking about loss as a Kashmiri artist, one is constantly struggling with which issues need to be taken with urgency and the questions of what could possibly be left out. Nevertheless, one can only attempt to put together and visualise a theme as vast and broad as ‘loss’. Therefore, for the cover art, I start with some elements which I felt were incredibly important to be included in this historical document- even if their inclusion meant that they would be represented in symbolic forms only.
Kashmiri Woman in Protest
This image is from the aftermath of the Aug 2019 when the Indian government revoked the semi-autonomous status of the erstwhile state. Kashmiri women took to the streets in expression of their resentment of the betrayal and injustice of locking and entire people in their own homes. Original image source Danish Siddiqui/Reuters
Pencil Representational image of the ever-increasing attack on media and educational institutions in the region. The pencil stands as a testament to individuals and groups who persist against this onslaught.
Military occupation Symbolic of the dense militaristic infrastructure in valley.
Tufail’s coin When 17-year-old Tufail Matoo was martyred in 2010, he was found clenching a fist full of grass and a five-rupee coin. This image is of the coin and a reminder that the killers of innocent Kashmiris continue to roam free without any accountability. Original image source: Sana Irshad Matoo.Deforestation, Land grab and the attack on ecological resources of Kashmir.
Increased military presence in the city. In the first week of Aug 2019, the Indian state deployed troops in the valley adding to the existing 600,000 troops. This particular bunker is on the Lal-Chowk fly-over.
Hadishah Kadal of Sopore was burnt down at the peak of the militancy in the 1990s. It was reconstructed a few years later. The bridge is symbolic of the disruption of Kashmiri people’s everyday lives and mobilities caused by the ongoing conflict. Over the bridge, is a superimposed image of a Kashmiri kitchen shelf, representational of how the violence has entered in the most intimate parts of peoples (especially women’s) lives.
Picture of Bashir Ahmed and his grandson.
Earlier this year, the Indian forces carried out a staged photo-op of a dead Kashmiri and a three-year-old child sitting on his chest in North Kashmir’s Sopore. This devastating tragedy was shocking to many people around the world but in Kashmir, it was one more addition to India’s PR spectacles of humanising their military by positing them as the ‘saviours’ of the child. Considering the unimaginable trauma of the child witnessing his grandfather’s brutal death and to honour the memory of the martyr, I wanted to incorporate a subtle element to represent this immensely painful tragedy. This is a close-up of the toddler’s printed shirt which he was wearing at the time of the incident.
This is a picture of my grandfather’s radio symbolic of the ‘digital apartheid’ of Kashmir in the form communication blockages pushing people to a pre-digital era.
Debris of a blasted house.
This picture is from the 2019 encounter in the Babgund village of Kupwara. The encounter went on for over 70 hours during which the Indian forces IED blasted 3 house to the ground and caused damage to several other buildings. More recently in Nawakadal, over 12 houses were gutted to the ground rendering the families homeless.
A martyr’s blood-stained belongings.
Arifa Jan, wife of a Kashmiri man who was martyred in a fake encounter in, kept his jeans and the money found inside as a memory of the painful injustice and loss inflicted upon her. Original image source: Masrat Zahra
Wildflowers Years of ongoing conflict has rendered many communities in Kashmir into a state of precarity. Already underpaid, workers in the handicraft industry have suffered major losses due to continuous shutdowns.
Economic crisis in the valley Years of ongoing conflict has rendered many communities in Kashmir into a state of precarity. Already underpaid, workers in the handicraft industry have suffered major losses due to continuous shutdowns.
Tin wall In the rural areas of Kashmir, aluminium sheets are used as fences around houses. This particular element is from a village in north Kashmir that has been frequent firing by the army.
One of the most important element of the piece, the stone is placed under the collage almost like a form of support. The image of a stone vis-a-vis a stone pelter has been weaponised in the Indian discourse on Kashmir. Yet, the stone continues to speak truth to power, embodying in itself the collective grief of Kashmiris. Perhaps also symbolic of the rock-solid strength of the Kashmiri struggle for self-determination.
Graffiti on a wall
The wall represents the spirit of resistance in Kashmir. It isn’t uncommon to come across powerful graffitis even in areas with heavy deployment of troops. In ways, the streets speak for themselves, every wall with a graffiti is a defiance of the militaristic subjugation.
Finally a bird, bilbichur, which stands out of the collage symbolic of the stories, narratives and memories of Kashmiris which continues to remain free from the clutches of the militaristic clutter.
Kashmir Pop Art is a mixed-medium digital art project about Kashmiri people, places and politics run by a young Kashmiri woman. | <urn:uuid:18ff2e76-29d8-4164-9ed8-6a4d07fe5ed1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://zanaanwanaan.com/issues/cover-art-explainer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.959236 | 1,236 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Want to learn how to use Sura-Sura Kanji Quizzer? It's easy!
Step 1: Select Kanji
Sura-Sura Kanji Quizzer has hundreds of kanji to display, but usually you'll only want to see a few at a time. Use the Select Kanji section to activate the kanji you'd like to quiz from. If you haven't yet created an account and logged in, you will be given an opportunity to do so.
Several different selection methods are available to help you find the ones you want. You can select by chapter, by difficulty, or by active status. (An active kanji is one that the quizzer might display.) Selecting by active status is useful if you want to activate or deactivate all kanji.
Step 2: Use the Quizzer
The Quizzer section displays kanji from your active list in a random order. Only the information you want to see is displayed. You can move your mouse over the hidden information to reveal it.
If you think you've mastered the displayed kanji, click the "Success" button to deactivate it. (You can always reactivate it later.) If you weren't able to easily remember the hidden information, keep the kanji active by clicking the "Keep Trying" button.
Step 3: Repeat!
Once you've deactivated all your active kanji using the quizzer, pat yourself on the back for a job well done. You'll probably want to try again later to make sure that you really know them all.
An excellent site for all of your online Kanji practicing needs, this resource is clean, well-designed and incredibly useful. | <urn:uuid:ec83ae9b-a892-48e7-9ba5-b67c73734873> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.freelanguage.org/learn-japanese/kanjiquizzer-com-free-sura-sura-kanji-quiz-web-software-interface | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.92511 | 403 | 1.898438 | 2 |
The Run action allows me to evaluate the current script so it also lets me
execution. It would be pretty handy to have a continuous context to be able to
code or even Java code.
Debugger's "Evaluate Code" can be currently used for this purpose, but a console-like component would be nicer.
The initial changes that change the browser log into an interactive console are pushed as changeset: 250144:a006191f0dad
It remains to:
- add the prompt (depends on issue #228051),
- possibly print input in a different color,
- add collapsing of errors and expansion of objects into a list of fields
(depends on issue #127676),
- SHIFT + ENTER adds newline into the input,
- possibly arrow up lists through previous expressions,
- add code-completion
The input is printed in a different color
and objects can be expanded into a list of properties
We have a defect submitted for the prompt: issue #229408 and enhancement for code-completion: issue #229411.
Then there are enhancements to improve Output Window so that it can behave more like a terminal: issue #229410 and issue #229414.
Integrated into 'main-golden', will be available in build *201305062300* on http://bits.netbeans.org/dev/nightly/ (upload may still be in progress)
Log: #102043: Expansion of objects into a list of properties. | <urn:uuid:832fc534-dced-4f41-94dd-7d1bd65ba2f7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://netbeans.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=102043 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00028-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.832945 | 323 | 1.609375 | 2 |
This is a recipe I’ve been trying to get my hands on for years. Ever since walking the last 100 miles of the El Camino de Santiago, a pilgrimage of Northern Spain, and tasting this regional cake, I’ve been on a hunt for the traditional Tarta de Santiago Recipe. I tested several versions at home and finally found the perfect one on epicurious.com by Claudia Roden. This special almond cake, which also happens to be a gluten free cake, is made in cities across Northern Spain and enjoyed by the locals as well as those taking the journey to Santiago, the city where Saint James’ body lay.
Back in my college days, I had the chance to walk the last 100 miles (about 7 days) of this pilgrimage also known as The Camino de Santiago (translated the way of Saint James). Legend holds that St. James’s remains were carried by boat from Jerusalem to northern Spain where he was buried on the site of what is now the city of Santiago de Compostela. Folks from all over the world take this trek in search of more spiritual answers in their own life or just as a time of travel and exercise. Many consider the experience a spiritual adventure to remove themselves from the bustle of modern life. It serves as a retreat for many modern “pilgrims”.
The starting point for this pilgrimage is different for many. Today tens of thousands of travelers set out each year from their front doorstep, or popular starting points across Europe, to make their way to Santiago de Compostela. We started about 7 days out and ventured through modern as well as medieval cities, some days feeling as if we had literally traveled back in time.
Along the way, we camped at different sites and found places to eat, from small cafes to local’s homes. Every city or town that we walked through had cafes with one item in common, the Tarta de Santiago. This cake is made from almonds, lemon and orange zest and a few other ingredients. It’s simplicity and rustic nature remind be of the simplicity of many of the towns we journeyed through. The cross on top of the cake is a symbol of Saint James, and is appropriately stenciled on the top of every cake in the region.
Now that I’ve found my prized recipe I am sure I’ll be making it for years to come and remembering my special time in Spain.
- 1/2 pound (1 3/4 cups) whole almonds, preferably blanched
- 6 large eggs, separated
- 1 1/4 cups superfine sugar
- Grated zest of 1 orange
- Grated zest of 1 lemon
- 4 drops almond extract
- Confectioners’ sugar for dusting
- Finely grind the almonds in a food processor.
- With an electric mixer, beat the egg yolks with the sugar to a smooth pale cream. Beat in the zests and almond extract. Add the ground almonds and mix very well.
- With clean beaters, beat the egg whites in a large bowl until stiff peaks form. Fold them into the egg and almond mixture (the mixture is thick, so that you will need to turn it over quite a bit into the egg whites).
- Grease an 11-inch springform pan, preferably nonstick, with butter and dust it with flour or spray with cooking spray. Pour in the cake batter, and bake into a preheated 350°F for 40 minutes, or until it feels firm to the touch. Let cool before turning out.
- Just before serving, dust the top of the cake with confectioners' sugar. Or, if you like, cut a St. James cross out of paper. Place it in the middle of the cake, and dust the cake with confectioners' sugar, then remove the paper.
Stencil the top of the cake using the traditional cross symbol of Saint James.
To get the stencil of the cake go to He Needs Food. Cut out the cross then use it as a stencil as you sprinkle the cake with powdered sugar. | <urn:uuid:ebb3d3a3-c414-4e2b-b5bd-817f539e1880> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thevintagemixer.com/2013/03/tarta-de-santiago-recipe-a-spanish-almond-cake-from-spain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00303-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947655 | 858 | 1.671875 | 2 |
On the history of an electrical company: the Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft (AEG) was founded by the engineer Emil Rathenau (1838-1915) in 1883. AEG was already the largest German electrical company before the First World War.
The largest single factory of the group was on Brunnenstraße. During the Second World War, military goods such as submarine motors were manufactured here. In 1944, around 9,500 people worked here, a third of which were forced labourers. Further factories were on nearby Ackerstraße, in Moabit, at Treptower Park and in Oberschöneweide.
This trademark, rich in tradition, is now used by successors and licensees who mostly have become involved in the compensation of forced labourers. | <urn:uuid:97fbe0ad-4e54-4911-8cac-c8069986acf7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://zwangsarbeit-in-berlin.de/en/station/the-beamtentor/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.97394 | 175 | 2.625 | 3 |
Where was Tyson, a critically acclaimed film about another, more famous, banger of heads?
Lady Corinthia Fanshawe and Mrs. banger wish to see you, sir.
Theres no use in my tackling Mrs. banger: she would only sit on my head too.
General Mitchener: your designs on Mrs. banger are defeated.
In the mean time, Hopeful hammers away lustily, merrily whistling, and singing the praises of the 'banger.'
Mrs. banger is a masculine woman of forty, with a powerful voice and great physical strength.
Captain banger had risen—being, in fact, pulled up by a friend on either side, and poked up by a friend behind.
Mrs. banger's grandmother commanded a canteen at that celebrated battle.
The Orderly forlornly contemplates the iron front presented by Mrs. banger.
Do not for a moment suppose, General Mitchener, that Mrs. banger represents my views on the suffrage question.
British English slang for "a sausage," 1919, perhaps from sense of "a bludgeon," though this is recorded only in U.S. slang. | <urn:uuid:19591376-9ee8-4513-b6a9-32b085f0055c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dictionary.com/browse/banger?qsrc=2446 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00547-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954394 | 251 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Joined: 17 Nov 14
Magueijo proposed that to solve one of the biggest physics problems, called the “horizon problem,” we might have to challenge the idea that the speed of light is constant. The problem states that the universe reached a uniform temperature long before energy-carrying photons traveling at constant speed could have had the time to reach all corners of the expanding universe.
This appears to be relevant to Cosmology, or vice-versa.
Joined: 24 Jun 07
Thanks for your post. Yes this is relevant to cosmology. At this point the best measurement of the claimed very precise prediction by the varying speed of light hypothesis is consistent with the world's best constraints coming from the Planck data analysis.
I am personally a bit sceptic regarding the claimed uniqueness of this prediction given that we know so little about the detailed physics at this epoch. If it is true the ever precise measurements coming from the Cosmic Microwave Background polarization and other probes will eventually be able to distinguish this model from other approaches that predict a range of possible values. If you're interested to know how this works (even if the data agrees with both models) ask me and I will tell you about relative model probabilities in Bayesian stats...
All the best,
Creator of Cosmology@Home | <urn:uuid:cd2d1cb8-3dfb-4cb9-882e-10aba092842a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cosmologyathome.org/forum_thread.php?id=7437 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.877749 | 413 | 2.828125 | 3 |
James H. “Sarge” Mills remembers when traveling from Georgia to South Carolina meant going aboard a ferry.
Nowadays it’s as easy as driving across the Furys Ferry Road bridge near Mills’ Evans residence.
In about 1925, when he was 3, Mills said he and his father rode out in the country from their Harrisburg home to travel across the Savannah River on Fury’s Ferry, which carried travelers from the early 19th century until it was replaced by a bridge.
All that remains is the ferry’s name, carried by the road that it once connected.
During the 19th century, some 400 ferries were in operation between the Sand Bar Ferry in Augusta and the river’s source in northeast Georgia. That included Furey’s Ferry, which operated from what is now the yard of Bobby and Lorrain Banks, who live in Ferry Landing, on the Georgia side of the river.
A June 25, 1931, article in The McCormick Messenger summed up the ferry’s history, stating that it was built by “John Cruikshank, of Charleston, S.C., purchased by Augusta merchant John Furey, inherited by George D’Armaud and sold to. J.L. McKie.”
John Furey, the ferry’s namesake, chartered it in 1816. Furey “was a typical affluent fellow in Augusta during the late 18th and early 19th centuries,” said Erick Montgomery, executive director of Historic Augusta Inc.
Furey was co-owner of Furey and Stewart in downtown Augusta and owned two other stores, a plantation, dwellings and a tan yard.
The road that was to become Georgia Highway 28 – now known as Furys Ferry Road – was constructed through parts of Augusta, Martinez and Evans. Once ferry service started, travelers could continue up what had been a major Indian path into South Carolina.
Typical rates to ride the ferry during the 1840s were 75 cents for wagons and four-wheeled carriages, 25 cents for carts or two-wheeled carriages, 12-1/2 cents to cross with your horse and 2 cents for pedestrians.
Goods shipped on the ferry included bacon, cotton, flour, produce and tobacco. Some livestock was ferried or swam over, including cattle, sheep, hogs and goats.
McCormick County historian Bob Edmonds, in his book McCormick County: Land of Cotton, writes that Furey’s Ferry was: “...of simple design, a flat-bottom boat that often was pushed across the stream by a number of men using poles. Rigging a rope or cable across the stream to hold the boat against the current modified the ferry. ... A final innovation introduced a gasoline motor for power to propel the ferry. Average size may have been 60 or 70 feet long and 8 feet wide.”
After Furey’s death in 1818, the ferry was operated by his wife, Martha, for a number of years. It ended up with J.L. McKie in the mid-19th century. Later, the ferry went to Dr. Thomas Ross McKie, of Merriwether, S.C., and then to his son, Daniel. Eventually, it stopped operation and was dormant for a number of years, partly because of the poor state of the road on either side of the river.
On Jan. 20, 1920, The Augusta Chronicle announced the ferry’s reopening, which brought with it the expectation of more commercial opportunities. “McCormick has been brought 10 miles closer to Augusta and the number of people traveling between Augusta and McCormick will be increased because of it.”
Daniel McKie, president of Furys Ferry Inc., refurbished the ferry.
Edmonds said Jeff Seymore helped McKie, his grandfather, run Furys Ferry during the 1920s and recalled “the flat boat as being wide enough for two cars across and five ends to end.”
On June 7, 1930, the ferry was replaced by “a monarch of the new age.” the Furey’s Ferry Bridge.
In 1985, the present bridge was built, and the original was demolished.
All that remains of the original ferry is a misspelled name, a few concrete and metal relics, all echoes to a way of life that floated away long ago. | <urn:uuid:ea7b3685-cd15-44c3-8bd0-332efb51283d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://newstimes.augusta.com/news/2013-04-10/before-the-bridge-travelers-used-furys-ferry | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00505-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975827 | 932 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Joseph Wright of Derby’s painting A Philosopher Lecturing on the Orrery may look familiar to you. It often appears on book covers, regularly flashes up in TV documentaries, and with good reason. No painting captures the wonder of science better.
Adults and children are gathered by candlelight around a brass model of the solar system, learning about astronomy from some unknown Brian Cox of the 18th-century Midlands. Painted in about 1766, it is a defining image of the Enlightenment and one of the greatest works of art ever created in Britain.
Wright’s great image of science hangs, along with many other superb paintings by this artist who worked at the centre of the industrial revolution, in Derby Museum and Art Gallery. But as cuts from central government are passed down by councils across Britain to the museums sector, will it continue to hang there? As cultural heritage becomes one of the softest targets for financial brutalism, Derby’s three museums – Silk Mill, Derby Museum and Art Gallery and Pickford’s House – may be forced to reduce their opening hours or close altogether if the council withdraws funding to the trust that runs them.
If you think this does not matter much – if you safely assume that all Britain’s real masterpieces are in places like the British Museum and that regional galleries are also-rans – think again. Derby alone has the best collection of Wright’s paintings in the world. His Orrery, not to mention his atmospheric nocturnal scene of industrialist Joseph Arkwright’s mill, are national treasures that all happen to be owned by Derby’s museum – where they even get their own gallery space.
If the museum closes, what will happen to these paintings?
Make no mistake, this is a cultural crisis. Museums across Britain are filled with fascinating and important works of art whose fate now hangs in the balance as galleries face closure or councils contemplate selling off masterpieces in their collections. It has already happened to an Egyptian masterpiece owned by Northampton council. By the logic of the market, the better the work of art, the more danger it will be sold to raise cash.
Metropolitan arts journalists may not visit them often, but many of Britain’s best galleries are far from London. The Walker Art Gallery in Liverpool is one of my favourites – it not only owns such great British paintings as Hogarth’s portrait of David Garrick playing Richard III, but also has a rare Italian medieval masterpiece by Simone Martini . The Walker is incredible. Yet every museum has something special. The Laing in Newcastle has apocalyptic art by John Martin and erotic classical weirdness by Lawrence Alma-Tadema. Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery rivals Tate Britain when it comes to Victorian art.
These outstanding museums are not in the immediate firing line –but the same pressures that will close galleries in Lancashire as soon as Marchare being felt by every public gallery across Britain.
Yet this crisis is not evenly spread. Last summer, I spent several days happily wandering around Bath. This small but historic city has museums of architecture, fashion, interior design, science and literature, as well as the lovely Holburne art museum – and they all appear to be flourishing. That’s because Bath feeds happily on its history, and proudly offers visitors a chance to explore the world of Jane Austen or the eccentric Druidic beliefs behind its Georgian architectural masterpieces. Joseph Wright himself once stayed in the city.
A quick glance at a map will tell you something else about Bath – it’s in the south. Museums across this affluent part of England tend to have fine restaurants, refurbished galleries and highly publicised acquisitions. Oxford’s Ashmolean has expanded so much it is now branded as a “national” rather than regional institution, with major exhibitions. Nor is the Fitzwilliam in Cambridge likely to close any time soon.
A north-south divide is opening up. While Bath delights Austen enthusiasts, Lancashire is closing its mill museums and Derby may lose a home for its Wrights. Can you see what that means? Our history, our collective memory, is being distorted. England is becoming two nations and it is the rich southern nation that owns and shapes history. George Osborne may want his northern powerhouse, but his department’s spending cuts are, culturally, creating anything but.
Industrial revolution. What industrial revolution? We’re the country of green fields and landed estates, of gentry portraits and Etonian prime ministers. There was a guy called Wright who painted a different story, but all his pictures appear to have vanished somehow. | <urn:uuid:34053f5c-8b1a-4cd1-a64c-f9e99d896257> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/jonathanjonesblog/2016/jan/13/museums-art-galleries-spending-cuts-local-authorities-derby-northampton-joseph-wright | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00535-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9564 | 959 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Now, the recall has grown, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, with Hyundai asking the owners of 43,500 affected vehicles to report in for service. The issue relates to brake fluid that doesn't prevent corrosion of the hydraulic electronic control unit, a problem that has led to 23 complains, a documented crash for one owner and another owner losing control of their vehicle.
Owners of the affected sedans are being notified by Hyundai and asked to report to dealers to have the brake fluid replaced. Naturally, the work will be done free of charge. Take a look below for the official NHTSA bulletin.
Hyundai is recalling certain model year 2009-2012 Genesis vehicles manufactured April 30, 2008, through March 28, 2012. The vehicles may contain brake fluid which does not protect against corrosion of the Hydraulic Electronic Control Unit (HECU).
If the module corrodes, reduced brake effectiveness may result, increasing the risk of a crash.
Hyundai will notify owners and instruct them to bring their vehicle to a dealer for service. Hyundai will inspect the HECU module for proper operation, and will replace the modules as necessary. Hyundai will replace the factory brake fluid in those vehicles that have not previously had the factory brake fluid replaced. These repairs will be done free of charge. The recall is expected to begin by the end of December 2013. Owners may contact Hyundai at 1-800-633-5151 or by email at email@example.com. Hyundai's recall number is 114.
Owners may also contact the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Vehicle Safety Hotline at 1-888-327-4236 (TTY 1-800-424-9153), or go to www.safercar.gov. | <urn:uuid:0127b356-2718-4773-a9c6-e8fc35686caf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.autoblog.com/2013/11/09/hyundai-genesis-sedan-recall-43500/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00048-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936997 | 357 | 1.59375 | 2 |
A Hungarian psychology professor once wrote to famous creators asking them to be interviewed for a book he was writing. One of the most interesting things about his project was how many people said “no.”
Time is the raw material of creation. Wipe away the magic and myth of creating and all that remains is work: the work of becoming expert through study and practice, the work of finding solutions to problems and problems with those solutions, the work of trial and error, the work of thinking and perfecting, the work of creating. Creating consumes. It is all day, every day. It knows neither weekends nor vacations. It is not when we feel like it. It is habit, compulsion, obsession, vocation. The common thread that links creators is how they spend their time. No matter what you read, no matter what they claim, nearly all creators spend nearly all their time on the work of creation. There are few overnight successes and many up-all-night successes. | <urn:uuid:26d8f0a6-df65-4ca4-bcd3-6e0a7acd63e3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.illrapper.com/2013/05/creative-people-say-no.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00200-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983035 | 200 | 1.679688 | 2 |
1989 edition of Tour de France won by Greg LeMond with the narrowest margin in its history: eight seconds. It was LeMond’s second Tour victory.
Before the final stage of the 1989 Tour de France, Frenchman Laurent Fignon (Système U) was 50 seconds ahead of American Greg LeMond (ADR). Fignon took the yellow jersey from LeMond after the Alpe d’Huez stage, thanks to a withering attack by Gert-Jan Theunisse, Fignon was able to rid himself of LeMond on the ascent.
The final stage seemed enough for the victory. French newspapers had already prepared special editions with Fignon on the front page, preparing for his victory. It was considered unlikely that LeMond would be able to win back 50 seconds on the 24.5 km.
LeMond found that there was no UCI rule dictating that aerobars (also known as tri-bars as they had previously only been used in triathlons) were banned and, as such, began using them at the 1989 Tour de France. It would prove a decisive difference. He won the time trial in stage five, using aerobars which enabled a new and more aerodynamic riding position, a new type of teardrop-shaped aerodynamic helmet in the time trials, and a rear disc wheel, Fignon used normal road handlebars and a bicycle with both front and rear disc wheels, which left him more affected by crosswinds.
LeMond used aerobars and aerodynamic helmet also in the final stage, and Fignon did not, again. LeMond gave his best, and rode the fastest time trial in Tour de France history to date (still second fastest, only beaten by David Zabriskie in 2005 over a shorter course), averaging 54.545km/h whilst pushing a massive 54×11 gear.
LeMond chose to ride all out, not allowing any radio contact (other than encouragement) from the team car at all. Fignon, by contrast, was getting as much information as possible.
Fignon had developed saddle sores in stage 19, which gave him pain and made it impossible to sleep in the night before the time trial.
As LeMond finished and the clock began ticking, Fignon entered the Place de la Concorde still in front (virtually) by 2 seconds. However, he began to falter on the shallow climb up to the top of the Champs-Elysées, losing time before the turnaround and finish. It was just enough to allow LeMond to grab yellow and win an epic Tour de France. The final margin of 8 seconds is the closest finish to a Grand Tour in cycling history. After 3,288km, only 150 meters separated Fignon and LeMond (0.00456% of the race distance). It was suggested afterward that if Fignon had cut off his ponytail, the reduction in drag might have been sufficient for him to have won the Tour.
For the rest of his life, Fignon would have to hear questions and jeers about July 23, 1989. He was referred to as “Monsieur Eight Seconds.” It has been said, when he got the question “Aren’t you the guy who lost the Tour by 8 seconds?” he answered “No, I’m the guy who won it twice.”
Video of the eight seconds:
Related: LeMond 8 Concept
Greg LeMond unveiled the LeMond 8 concept road bike. It’s US-made, and the producer claims it represents the biggest development in carbon fiber frames in 30 years! The new bicycle’s name is a reference to Greg Lemond’s 1989 Tour de France victory, when he won the race by just 8 seconds, the closest winning margin in history.
- Tour de France Winner Groupsets, Year by Year - July 24, 2022
- Top 200 fastest climbs on the Alpe d’Huez [All-time list] [2022 update] - July 20, 2022
- Mother in polka-dot jersey on a road bike pulling her kid uphill - July 10, 2022 | <urn:uuid:cab3310e-cf8e-4abe-acf4-f84607ff2374> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cycling-passion.com/eight-seconds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.973619 | 893 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Untangling Teenage Girl Emotions With Lisa Damour
The author shares the seven transitions teen girls go through as they enter into adulthood
Although I’ve been a teenage girl myself, I’m no expert when it comes to parenting one. Looking for guidance, I found Untangled: Guiding Teenage Girls Through the Seven Transitions into Adulthood by Lisa Damour, Ph.D. Immediately, I saw myself and my daughters reflected in the book’s true-to-life anecdotes sprinkled with psychotherapy know-how.
Take this passage in the first chapter, “Parting with Childhood”: “One minute your daughter lobbies to download songs with raunchy lyrics, and the next, she curls up on the couch in the exact same position she adopted at age 6 to read a book she enjoyed at age 8.” That may seem confusing, but, Damour explains, the “seemingly paradoxical behavior is actually brilliant.”
Your daughter, writes Damour, is parting with childhood in fits and starts, rather than all in one terrifying go. This process can be difficult for parents as they “mourn” the loss of their little girl, but it’s important to connect with the woman she’s becoming.
Ding! With that, the lightbulb turned on. Instead of fearing the natural process of my daughters growing up, I need to embrace the young women they’re becoming.
There are seven stages to this process, writes Damour in her new book, and no right way to navigate it. For my money, though, Damour is a pretty good guide. She directs Laurel School’s Center for Research on Girls, writes a column for The New York Times, teaches at Case Western Reserve University and maintains a private psychotherapy practice.
Here’s what she had to say about the stages of transition.
Q: We typically think of girls at ages 11 and 12 as tweens. Why include them in a book with the word “teenage” in the subtitle?
A: There’s this expectation that 11 and 12 isn’t like it really is . . . ages 11–14 can be really intense. Many 11-year-olds want to go to their room and close the door. We think we should be getting along with our kids and if we aren’t, there’s something wrong.
If I had to have another title for my book it would have been: It’s Not About You. If your 11-year-old was forthcoming and your 12-year-old doesn’t want to talk, parents take it personally. It’s not personal: That’s normal development.
Q: Before I had a tween, I believed my kids wouldn’t want me around anymore. Now I know my tween and teen both pull away and hold tight, often on the same day. How do you explain this push-and-pull phenomenon?
A: Teens totally want us to go way, except when they need us. The emotional whiplash of parenting a teenager is getting pulled in and pushed away again and again.
Teenagers are like swimmers: The water is their world, and we are the edges of the pool holding them together. Eventually a girl has a bad lap and she comes scrabbling to the edge of the pool, trying to get her breath back.
For the parents, the experience is usually, “I’m so happy she’s back!” For the girl, she feels like a baby at the pool’s edge the moment she gets her breath back, so she pushes her parents away. She can be snarky and very abrupt, and it’s hard for the parents if they don’t expect the push.
Q: How can parents be better at managing our teens’ outbursts but also asking them to be kinder?
A: There’s not a one-size-fits-all response that is going to work for all families all the time. The balance of parenting is getting it right over the course of years.
For a rude teenager, we need [a variety of] different responses. There’s [the scenario of] the kid said something and the parent leaving the room and not engaging. There’s ‘You’re being rude and knock it off.’ Or ‘That’s not really like you. Are you OK?’ Any of these are perfectly reasonable responses. Parents feel like there’s one right response, but that doesn’t reflect human life.
When we look at really successful kids, we see that they come from families that contain warmth and structure. The goal is to have a decent amount of time and warmth, but you aren’t going to have both every day. Home is a place where we can relax, and we don’t need to fix things and make things right every minute.
Q: In Untangled, you discuss venting and complaining. What’s the difference and how can parents recognize it?
A: When teenagers complain, they can give the impression that somebody needs to do something. But most of what teens talk about can’t be fixed: bothersome friends, bad classes, etc. It’s helpful if we ask them, ‘Do you want my help with this or do you just need to vent?’ Venting is valuable, and adults do it all the time. We just need to unload, but we don’t need anyone to fix anything.
Recently, I asked high school juniors what they wanted me to talk about with their parents. One of the girls said, ‘I want you to tell my parents that when I tell them about my school day, I just want them to say, “OMG, that sucks!”’Of course, it’s really well-meaning [as a parent] to ask your daughter if she’s tried this or has she thought of that, but what she really wants to do is just dump it and move on.
Q: These two sentences are underlined in my copy of the book: ‘Must we fight? Can’t we build emotional intelligence without fighting?’ Explain this idea. How can fighting help teach our kids emotional intelligence?
A: What it comes down is to how the fighting happens. There are fights when everyone attacks each other, or when people withdraw or when people give in. What we want to get to is when we say to the teenager, ‘Hey, here is where I’m coming from and where are you coming from and can we make this work?’ We are trying to help teenagers have more insight into what is going on inside of them. This helps drive their mental health.
Arguments are not always going to go well. There’s something really powerful about saying, ‘I just messed up. I had a really bad reaction. Can we have a do-over?’ This is saying, ‘I’m human, I’m going to make mistakes and I’m going to try to fix them’ [and also saying] ‘I know you’re human, you’re going to make mistakes, and I’m going to help you fix them.’ Then your teen knows it’s OK to not get it right every day.
It’s much, much trickier when an adult says, ‘I’m the parent and I don’t make mistakes.’ Teenagers see right through that and know you’re not perfect. Better to own it and fix it together.Google+ | <urn:uuid:e24dca64-ce00-4abf-98bf-61b041b9c51f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.parentmap.com/article/understanding-teenage-girl-emotions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720380.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00055-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960838 | 1,643 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Criticism of Islam
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Criticism of Islam has existed since its formative stages. Early written criticism came from Christians, before the ninth century, many of whom viewed Islam as a radical Christian heresy. Later the Muslim world itself suffered criticism. Criticism of Islam in the West was renewed after the September 11 attacks and other terrorist attacks in the early 21st century.
Objects of criticism include the morality of the life of Muhammad, the last prophet according to Islam, both in his public and personal life. Issues relating to the authenticity and morality of the Quran, the Islamic holy book, are also discussed by critics. Figures in Africa and India have described what they perceive as destruction of indigenous cultures by Islam. Other criticism focuses on the question of human rights in the Islamic world historically and in modern Islamic nations, including the treatment of women, LGBT people and religious and ethnic minorities in Islamic law and practice. In the wake of the recent multiculturalism trend, Islam's influence on the ability or willingness of Muslim immigrants to assimilate in the Western world, and other countries such as India and Russia, has been criticized.
- 1 History
- 2 Truthfulness of Islam and Islamic scriptures
- 3 Morality
- 4 Women in Islam
- 5 Criticism of Muslim immigrants and immigration
- 6 Comparison with communism and fascist ideologies
- 7 Responses to criticism
- 8 See also
- 9 Notes
- 10 References
- 11 Further reading
- 12 External links
The earliest surviving written criticisms of Islam are to be found in the writings of Christians who came under the early dominion of the Islamic Caliphate. One such Christian was John of Damascus (c. 676–749 AD), who was familiar with Islam and Arabic. The second chapter of his book, The Fount of Wisdom, titled "Concerning Heresies", presents a series of discussions between Christians and Muslims. John claimed an Arian monk (whom he did not know was Bahira) influenced Muhammad and viewed the Islamic doctrines as nothing more than a hodgepodge culled from the Bible. Writing on Islam's claim of Abrahamic ancestry, John explained that the Arabs were called "Saracens" (Greek Σαρακενοί, Sarakenoi) because they were "empty" (κενός, kenos, in Greek) "of Sarah". They were called "Hagarenes" because they were "the descendants of the slave-girl Hagar".
Other notable early critics of Islam included:
- Abu Isa al-Warraq, a 9th-century scholar and critic of Islam.:224
- Ibn al-Rawandi, a 9th-century atheist, who repudiated Islam and revealed religion in general.
- al-Ma'arri, an 11th-century Arab poet and critic of Islam and all other religions. Also known for his veganism and Antinatalism.
Medieval Islamic world
In the early centuries of the Islamic Caliphate, the Islamic law allowed citizens to freely express their views, including criticism of Islam and religious authorities, without fear of persecution. As such, there have been several notable critics and skeptics of Islam that arose from within the Islamic world itself. In tenth and eleventh-century Syria there lived a blind poet called Al-Ma'arri. He became well known for a poetry that was affected by a "pervasive pessimism." He labeled religions in general as "noxious weeds" and said that Islam does not have a monopoly on truth. He had particular contempt for the ulema, writing that:
They recite their sacred books, although the fact informs me that these are fiction from first to last. O Reason, thou (alone) speakest the truth. Then perish the fools who forged the religious traditions or interpreted them!
In 1280, the Jewish philosopher, Ibn Kammuna, criticized Islam in his book Examination of the Three Faiths. He reasoned that the Sharia was incompatible with the principles of justice, and that this undercut the notion of Muhammad being the perfect man: "there is no proof that Muhammad attained perfection and the ability to perfect others as claimed." The philosopher thus claimed that people converted to Islam from ulterior motives:
That is why, to this day we never see anyone converting to Islam unless in terror, or in quest of power, or to avoid heavy taxation, or to escape humiliation, or if taken prisoner, or because of infatuation with a Muslim woman, or for some similar reason. Nor do we see a respected, wealthy, and pious non-Muslim well versed in both his faith and that of Islam, going over to the Islamic faith without some of the aforementioned or similar motives.
According to Bernard Lewis, just as it is natural for a Muslim to assume that the converts to his religion are attracted by its truth, it is equally natural for the convert's former coreligionists to look for baser motives and Ibn Kammuna's list seems to cover most of such nonreligious motives.
Maimonides, one of the foremost 12th century rabbinical arbiters and philosophers, sees the relation of Islam to Judaism as primarily theoretical. Maimonides has no quarrel with the strict monotheism of Islam, but finds fault with the practical politics of Muslim regimes. He also considered Islamic ethics and politics to be inferior to their Jewish counterparts. Maimonides criticised what he perceived as the lack of virtue in the way Muslims rule their societies and relate to one another. In his Epistle to Yemenite Jewry, he refers to Mohammad, as "hameshuga" – "that madman".
- In Dante's Inferno, Muhammad is portrayed as split in half, with his guts hanging out, representing his status as a schismatic (one who broke from the Church).
- Some medieval ecclesiastical writers portrayed Muhammad as possessed by Satan, a "precursor of the Antichrist" or the Antichrist himself.
- Denis the Carthusian wrote two treatises to refute Islam at the request of Nicholas of Cusa, Contra perfidiam Mahometi, et contra multa dicta Sarracenorum libri quattuor and Dialogus disputationis inter Christianum et Sarracenum de lege Christi et contra perfidiam Mahometi.
- The Tultusceptrum de libro domni Metobii, an Andalusian manuscript with unknown dating, shows how Muhammad (called Ozim, from Hashim) was tricked by Satan into adulterating an originally pure divine revelation. The story argues God was concerned about the spiritual fate of the Arabs and wanted to correct their deviation from the faith. He then sends an angel to the monk Osius who orders him to preach to the Arabs. Osius however is in ill-health and orders a young monk, Ozim, to carry out the angel's orders instead. Ozim sets out to follow his orders, but gets stopped by an evil angel on the way. The ignorant Ozim believes him to be the same angel that spoke to Osius before. The evil angel modifies and corrupts the original message given to Ozim by Osius, and renames Ozim Muhammad. From this followed the erroneous teachings of Islam, according to the Tultusceptrum.
- According to many Christians, the coming of Muhammad was foretold in the Holy Bible. According to the monk Bede this is in Genesis 16:12, which describes Ishmael as "a wild man" whose "hand will be against every man". Bede says about Muhammad: "Now how great is his hand against all and all hands against him; as they impose his authority upon the whole length of Africa and hold both the greater part of Asia and some of Europe, hating and opposing all."
- In 1391 a dialogue was believed to have occurred between Byzantine Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos and a Persian scholar in which the Emperor stated:
Show me just what Muhammad brought that was new and there you will find things only evil and inhuman, such as his command to spread by the sword the faith he preached. God is not pleased by blood - and not acting reasonably is contrary to God's nature. Faith is born of the soul, not the body. Whoever would lead someone to faith needs the ability to speak well and to reason properly, without violence and threats... To convince a reasonable soul, one does not need a strong arm, or weapons of any kind, or any other means of threatening a person with death.
In Of the Standard of Taste, an essay by David Hume, the Quran is described as an "absurd performance" of a "pretended prophet" who lacked "a just sentiment of morals." Attending to the narration, Hume says, "we shall soon find, that [Muhammad] bestows praise on such instances of treachery, inhumanity, cruelty, revenge, bigotry, as are utterly incompatible with civilized society. No steady rule of right seems there to be attended to; and every action is blamed or praised, so far as it is beneficial or hurtful to the true believers."
Nineteenth and twentieth century
During the 19th and 20th centuries, numerous personalities criticized Muslims and Islam.
Now, the Muslims are the crudest in this respect, and the most sectarian. Their watch-word is: there is one God (Allah), and Mohammed is His Prophet. Everything beyond that not only is bad, but must be destroyed forthwith, at a moment’s notice, every man or woman who does not exactly believe in that must be killed; everything that does not belong to this worship must be immediately broken; every book that teaches anything else must be burnt. From the Pacific to the Atlantic, for five hundred years blood ran all over the world. That is Mohammedanism.
The more selfish a man, the more immoral he is. And so also with the race. That race which is bound down to itself has been the most cruel and the most wicked in the whole world. There has not been a religion that has clung to this dualism more than that founded by the Prophet of Arabia, and there has not been a religion, which has shed so much blood and been so cruel to other men. In the Koran there is the doctrine that a man who does not believe these teachings should be killed, it is a mercy to kill him! And the surest way to get to heaven, where there are beautiful houris and all sorts of sense enjoyments, is by killing these unbelievers. Think of the bloodshed there has been in consequence of such beliefs!
Why religions should claim that they are not bound to abide by the standpoint of reason, no one knows. If one does not take the standard of reason, there cannot be any true judgment, even in the case of religions. One religion may ordain something very hideous. For instance, the Mohammedan religion allows Mohammedans to kill all who are not of their religion. It is clearly stated in the Koran, Kill the infidels if they do not become Mohammedans. They must be put to fire and sword. Now if we tell a Mohammedan that this is wrong, he will naturally ask, "How do you know that? How do you know it is not good? My book says it is."
Dayanand Saraswati calls the concept of Islam to be highly offensive, and doubted that there is any connection of Islam with God:
Had the God of the Quran been the Lord of all creatures, and been Merciful and kind to all, he would never have commanded the Mohammedans to slaughter men of other faiths, and animals, etc. If he is Merciful, will he show mercy even to the sinners? If the answer be given in the affirmative, it cannot be true, because further on it is said in the Quran "Put infidels to sword," in other words, he that does not believe in the Quran and the Prophet Mohammad is an infidel (he should, therefore, be put to death). (Since the Quran sanctions such cruelty to non-Mohammedans and innocent creatures such as cows) it can never be the Word of God.
Pandit Lekh Ram regarded that Islam was grown through the violence and desire for wealth. He further asserted that Muslims deny the entire Islamic prescribed violence and atrocities, and will continue doing so. He wrote:
All educated people start looking down upon the forcible conversions and even started objecting to their very basis. Since then some naturalist Mohammadis [Muslims] are trying, rather opposing falsehood and accepting the truth, to prove unnecessarily and wrongly that Islam never indulged in Jihad and the people were never converted to Islam forcibly. Neither any temples were demolished nor were ever cows slaughtered in the temples. Women and children belonging to other religious sects were never forcibly converted to Islam nor did they ever commit any sexual acts with them as could have been done with the slave-males and females both.
The Victorian orientalist scholar Sir William Muir criticised Islam for what he perceived to be an inflexible nature, which he held responsible for stifling progress and impeding social advancement in Muslims countries. The following sentences are taken from the Rede Lecture he delivered at Cambridge in 1881:
Some, indeed, dream of an Islam in the future, rationalised and regenerate. All this has been tried already, and has miserably failed. The Koran has so encrusted the religion in a hard unyielding casement of ordinances and social laws, that if the shell be broken the life is gone. A rationalistic Islam would be Islam no longer. The contrast between our own faith and Islam is most remarkable. There are in our Scriptures living germs of truth, which accord with civil and religious liberty, and will expand with advancing civilisation. In Islam it is just the reverse. The Koran has no such teaching as with us has abolished polygamy, slavery, and arbitrary divorce, and has elevated woman to her proper place. As a Reformer, Mahomet did advance his people to a certain point, but as a Prophet he left them fixed immovably at that point for all time to come. The tree is of artificial planting. Instead of containing within itself the germ of growth and adaptation to the various requirements of time and clime and circumstance, expanding with the genial sunshine and rain from heaven, it remains the same forced and stunted thing as when first planted some twelve centuries ago."
Winston Churchill criticized what he alleged to be the effects Islam had on its believers, which he described as fanatical frenzy combined with fatalistic apathy, enslavement of women, and militant proselytizing. In his 1899 book The River War he says:
How dreadful are the curses which Mohammedanism lays on its votaries! Besides the fanatical frenzy, which is as dangerous in a man as hydrophobia in a dog, there is this fearful fatalistic apathy. The effects are apparent in many countries. Improvident habits, slovenly systems of agriculture, sluggish methods of commerce, and insecurity of property exist wherever the followers of the Prophet rule or live. A degraded sensualism deprives this life of its grace and refinement; the next of its dignity and sanctity. The fact that in Mohammedan law every woman must belong to some man as his absolute property - either as a child, a wife, or a concubine - must delay the final extinction of slavery until the faith of Islam has ceased to be a great power among men. Thousands become the brave and loyal soldiers of the faith: all know how to die but the influence of the religion paralyses the social development of those who follow it. No stronger retrograde force exists in the world. Far from being moribund, Mohammedanism is a militant and proselytizing faith. It has already spread throughout Central Africa, raising fearless warriors at every step; and were it not that Christianity is sheltered in the strong arms of science, the science against which it had vainly struggled, the civilisation of modern Europe might fall, as fell the civilisation of ancient Rome.
According to historian Warren Dockter, Churchill wrote this during a time of a fundamentalist revolt in Sudan and this statement does not reflect his full view of Islam, which were "often paradoxical and complex." He could be critical but at times "romanticized" the Islamic world; he exhibited great "respect, understanding and magnanimity." Churchill had a fascination of Islam and Islamic civilization. Winston Churchill's future sister-in-law expressed concerns about his fascination by stating, "[p]lease don't become converted to Islam; I have noticed in your disposition a tendency to orientalism." According to historian Warren Dockter, however, he "never seriously considered converting". Churchill had a "limited understanding of Islam." He primarily admired its martial aspects, the "Ottoman Empire’s history of territorial expansion and military acumen", to the extent that in 1897 he wished to fight for the Ottoman Empire. According to Dockter, this was largely for his "lust for glory". Churchill also believed that Islam and Christianity should be viewed as equals.
James Fitzjames Stephen, describing what he understood to be the Islamic conception of the ideal society, wrote the following:
Not only are the varieties of morality innumerable, but some of them are conflicting with each other. If a Mahommedan, for instance, is fully to realize his ideal, to carry out into actual fact his experiment of living, he must be one of a ruling race which has trodden the enemies of Islam under their feet, and has forced them to choose between the tribute and the sword. He must be able to put in force the law of the Koran both as to the faithful and as to unbelievers. In short, he must conquer. Englishmen come into a country where Mahommedans had more or less realized their ideal, and proceed to govern it with the most unfeigned belief in the order of ideas of which liberty is the motto.
Every aspect of life and thought, including women's condition, changed after Islam. Enslaved by men, women were confined to the home. Polygamy, injection of fatalistic attitude, mourning, sorrow and grief led people to seek solace in magic, witchcraft, prayer, and supernatural beings.
Mohammedanism conquered the fairest portions of the earth by the sword and cursed them by polygamy, slavery, despotism and desolation. The moving power of Christian missions was love to God and man; the moving power of Islâm was fanaticism and brute force.
Schaff also described Islam as a derivative religion based on an amalgamation of "heathenism, Judaism and Christianity".
Islâm is not a new religion...[i]t is a compound or mosaic of preëxisting elements, a rude attempt to combine heathenism, Judaism and Christianity, which Mohammed found in Arabia, but in a very imperfect form.
...he [Muhammad] also infuses into his religion so much of each of those tenets to which the varying sects of his countrymen were addicted, as to enable each and all to please themselves by the belief that the new doctrine was only a reform of, and improvement on, that to which they had been accustomed. The Christians were conciliated by the acknowledgment of our LORD as the Greatest of Prophets; the Jews, by the respectful mention of Moses and their other Lawgivers; the idolaters, by the veneration which the Impostor professed for the Temple of Mecca, and the black stone which it contained; and the Chaldeans, by the pre-eminence which he gives to the ministrations of the Angel Gabriel, and his whole scheme of the Seven Heavens. To a people devoted to the gratification of their passions and addicted to Oriental luxury, he appealed, not unsuccessfully, by the promise of a Paradise whose sensual delights were unbounded, and the permission of a free exercise of pleasures in this world.
Mahatma Gandhi, the moral leader of the 20th-century Indian independence movement, found the history of Muslims to be aggressive, while he pointed out that Hindus have passed that stage of societal evolution:
Though, in my opinion, non violence has a predominant place in the Quran, the thirteen hundred years of imperialistic expansion has made the Muslims fighters as a body. They are therefore aggressive. Bullying is the natural excrescence of an aggressive spirit. The Hindu has an ages old civilization. He is essentially non violent. His civilization has passed through the experiences that the two recent ones are still passing through. If Hinduism was ever imperialistic in the modern sense of the term, it has outlived its imperialism and has either deliberately or as a matter of course given it up. Predominance of the non violent spirit has restricted the use of arms to a small minority which must always be subordinate to a civil power highly spiritual, learned and selfless. The Hindus as a body are therefore not equipped for fighting. But not having retained their spiritual training, they have forgotten the use of an effective substitute for arms and not knowing their use nor having an aptitude for them, they have become docile to the point of timidity and cowardice. This vice is therefore a natural excrescence of gentleness.
Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of India, in his book Discovery of India, describes Islam to have been a faith for military conquests. He wrote "Islam had become a more rigid faith suited more to military conquests rather than the conquests of the mind", and that Muslims brought nothing new to his country.
The Muslims who came to India from outside brought no new technique or political or economic structure. In spite of religious belief in the brotherhood of Islam, they were class bound and feudal in outlook.
André Servier, a historian who lived in French Algeria at the beginning of the 20th century, studied the customs and manners of the North African people. He became one of the few French intellectuals to study the Sira of Ibn Ishaq in depth, and his research included the Ottoman Empire and the Panislamic movement. He criticized Islam in his book L’islam et la psychologie du musulman saying that:
Islam was not a torch, as has been claimed, but an extinguisher. Conceived in a barbarous brain for the use of a barbarous people, it was - and it remains - incapable of adapting itself to civilization. Wherever it has dominated, it has broken the impulse towards progress and checked the evolution of society.
Islam is Christianity adapted to Arab mentality, or, more exactly, it is all that the unimaginative brain of a Bedouin, obstinately faithful to ancestral practices, has been able to assimilate of the Christian doctrines. Lacking the gift of imagination, the Bedouin copies, and in copying he distorts the original. Thus Musulman law is only the Roman Code revised and corrected by Arabs; in the same way Musulman science is nothing but Greek science interpreted by the Arab brain; and again, Musulman architecture is merely a distorted imitation of the Byzantine style.
The deadening influence of Islam is well demonstrated by the way in which the Musulman comports himself at different stages of his life. In his early childhood, when the religion has not as yet impregnated his brain, he shows a very lively intelligence and remarkably open mind, accessible to ideas of every kind; but, in proportion as he grows up, and as, through the system of his education, Islam lays hold of him and envelops him, his brain seems to shut up, his judgment to become atrophied, and his intelligence to be stricken by paralysis and irremediable degeneration.
Islam is by no means a negligible element in the destiny of humanity. The mass of three hundred million believers is growing daily, because in most Musulman countries the birth-rate exceeds the death-rate, and also because the religious propaganda is constantly gaining new adherents among tribes still in a state of barbarism.
To sum up: the Arab has borrowed everything from other nations, literature, art, science, and even his religious ideas. He has passed it all through the sieve of his own narrow mind, and being incapable of rising to high philosophic conceptions, he has distorted, mutilated and desiccated everything. This destructive influence explains the decadence of Musulman nations and their powerlessness to break away from barbarism…
Islam is a doctrine of death, inasmuch as the spiritual not being separated from the temporal, and every manifestation of activity being subjected to dogmatic law, it formally forbids any change, any evolution, any progress. It condemns all believers to live, to think, and to act as lived, thought and acted the Musulmans of the second century of the Hegira [8th century A.D.], when the law of Islam and its interpretation were definitely fixed.
. . .
In the history of the nations, Islam, a secretion of the Arab brain, has never been an element of civilization, but on the contrary has acted as an extinguisher upon its flickering light. Individuals under Arab rule have only been able to contribute to the advance of civilization in so far as they did not conform to the Musulman dogma, but they relapsed into Arab barbarism as soon as they were obliged to make a complete submission to these dogmas.
. . .
Islamized nations, who have not succeeded in freeing themselves from Musulman tutelage, have been stricken with intellectual paralysis and decadence. They will only escape as they succeed in withdrawing themselves from the control of Musulman law.
Man is reduced to a cipher. Human agency and human freedom are nullified. Right is no longer right because it is right, but because Allah wills it to be right. It is for this reason that monotheism has in Islam stifled human effort and progress. It has become a deadening doctrine of fate. Man must believe and pray, but these do not insure salvation or any benefit except Allah wills it. Why should human effort strive by sanitary means to prevent disease, when death or life depends in no way on such measures but upon the will of Allah? One reason why Moslem countries are so stagnant and backward in all that goes to make up a high civilization is owing to the deadening effects of monotheism thus interpreted. ... even in the most extreme forms of the Augustinian and Calvinistic systems there were always present in Christianity other elements which prevented the conception of the divine sovereignty from paralyzing the healthy activities of life as the Mohammedan doctrine has done.
Islam was a product of Christianity; even if it was a by-product; even if it was a bad product. It was a heresy or parody emulating and therefore imitating the Church...Islam, historically speaking, is the greatest of the Eastern heresies. It owed something to the quite isolated and unique individuality of Israel; but it owed more to Byzantium and the theological enthusiasm of Christendom. It owed something even to the Crusades.
During a lecture given at the University of Regensburg in 2006, Pope Benedict XVI quoted an unfavorable remark about Islam made at the end of the 14th century by Manuel II Palaiologos, the Byzantine emperor:
As the English translation of the Pope's lecture was disseminated across the world, many Islamic politicians and religious leaders protested against what they saw as an insulting mischaracterization of Islam. Mass street protests were mounted in many Islamic countries, the Majlis-e-Shoora (Pakistani parliament) unanimously called on the Pope to retract "this objectionable statement".
Calamitous effect on converted peoples, to be converted you have to destroy your past, destroy your history. You have to stamp on it, you have to say 'my ancestral culture does not exist, it doesn't matter'.
Modern African traditional
Nobel prize-winning playwright Wole Soyinka stated that Islam had a role in denigrating African spiritual traditions. He criticized attempts to whitewash what he sees as the destructive and coercive history of Islam on the continent:
Let those who wish to retain or evaluate religion as a twenty-first project feel free to do so, but let it not be done as a continuation of the game of denigration against the African spiritual heritage as in a recent television series perpetrated by Islam's born again revisionist of history, Professor Ali Mazrui.
Soyinka also regarded Islam as "superstition", and said that it does not belong to Africa. He stated that it is mainly spread with violence and force.
Truthfulness of Islam and Islamic scriptures
Reliability of the Quran
Originality of Quranic manuscripts. According to traditional Islamic scholarship, all of the Quran was written down by Muhammad's companions while he was alive (during AD 610-632), but it was primarily an orally related document. The written compilation of the whole Qur'an in its definite form as we have it now was not completed until many years after the death of Muhammad. John Wansbrough, Patricia Crone and Yehuda D. Nevo argue that all the primary sources which exist are from 150–300 years after the events which they describe, and thus are chronologically far removed from those events.
Imperfections in the Quran. Critics reject the idea that the Quran is miraculously perfect and impossible to imitate as asserted in the Quran itself. The 1901-1906 Jewish Encyclopedia, for example, writes: "The language of the Koran is held by the Mohammedans to be a peerless model of perfection. Critics, however, argue that peculiarities can be found in the text. For example, critics note that a sentence in which something is said concerning Allah is sometimes followed immediately by another in which Allah is the speaker (examples of this are suras xvi. 81, xxvii. 61, xxxi. 9, and xliii. 10.) Many peculiarities in the positions of words are due to the necessities of rhyme (lxix. 31, lxxiv. 3), while the use of many rare words and new forms may be traced to the same cause (comp. especially xix. 8, 9, 11, 16)." More serious are factual inaccuracies. For instance, Sura 25.53 claims that fresh water and salt water do not mix. While there may be cases in which these two bodies of water mix only slowly, every (fresh water) river that reaches an ocean will mix with salt water. Such areas of mixing are called estuaries (e.g. at the mouth of the Río de la Plata).
Judaism and the Quran. According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, "The dependence of Mohammed upon his Jewish teachers or upon what he heard of the Jewish Haggadah and Jewish practices is now generally conceded." John Wansbrough believes that the Quran is a redaction in part of other sacred scriptures, in particular the Judaeo-Christian scriptures. Herbert Berg writes that "Despite John Wansbrough's very cautious and careful inclusion of qualifications such as "conjectural," and "tentative and emphatically provisional", his work is condemned by some. Some of this negative reaction is undoubtedly due to its radicalness...Wansbrough's work has been embraced wholeheartedly by few and has been employed in a piecemeal fashion by many. Many praise his insights and methods, if not all of his conclusions." Early jurists and theologians of Islam mentioned some Jewish influence but they also say where it is seen and recognized as such, it is perceived as a debasement or a dilution of the authentic message. Bernard Lewis describes this as "something like what in Christian history was called a Judaizing heresy." According to Moshe Sharon, the story of Muhammad having Jewish teachers is a legend developed in the 10th century A.D. Philip Schaff described the Quran as having "many passages of poetic beauty, religious fervor, and wise counsel, but mixed with absurdities, bombast, unmeaning images, low sensuality."
Mohammed and God as speakers. According to Ibn Warraq, the Iranian rationalist Ali Dashti criticized the Quran on the basis that for some passages, "the speaker cannot have been God." Warraq gives Surah Fatihah as an example of a passage which is "clearly addressed to God, in the form of a prayer." He says that by only adding the word "say" in front of the passage, this difficulty could have been removed. Furthermore, it is also known that one of the companions of Muhammad, Ibn Masud, rejected Surah Fatihah as being part of the Quran; these kind of disagreements are, in fact, common among the companions of Muhammad who could not decide which surahs were part of the Quran and which not.
- the Quran contains verses which are difficult to understand or contradictory.[unreliable source?]
- Some accounts of the history of Islam say there were two verses of the Quran that were allegedly added by Muhammad when he was tricked by Satan (in an incident known as the "Story of the Cranes", later referred to as the "Satanic Verses"). These verses were then retracted at angel Gabriel's behest.
- The author of the Apology of al-Kindy Abd al-Masih ibn Ishaq al-Kindi (not to be confused with the famed philosopher al-Kindi) claimed that the narratives in the Quran were "all jumbled together and intermingled" and that this was "an evidence that many different hands have been at work therein, and caused discrepancies, adding or cutting out whatever they liked or disliked".
- The companions of Muhammad could not agree on which surahs were part of the Quran and which not. Two of the most famous companions being Ibn Masud and Ubay ibn Ka'b.
Reliability of the Hadith
Hadith are Muslim traditions relating to the Sunnah (words and deeds) of Muhammad. They are drawn from the writings of scholars writing between 844 and 874 CE, more than 200 years after the death of Mohammed in 632 CE. Within Islam, different schools and sects have different opinions on the proper selection and use of Hadith. The four schools of Sunni Islam all consider Hadith second only to the Quran, although they differ on how much freedom of interpretation should be allowed to legal scholars. Shi'i scholars disagree with Sunni scholars as to which Hadith should be considered reliable. The Shi'as accept the Sunnah of Ali and the Imams as authoritative in addition to the Sunnah of Muhammad, and as a consequence they maintain their own, different, collections of Hadith.
It has been suggested that there exists around the Hadith three major sources of corruption: political conflicts, sectarian prejudice, and the desire to translate the underlying meaning, rather than the original words verbatim.
Muslim critics of the hadith, Quranists, reject the authority of hadith on theological grounds, pointing to verses in the Quran itself: "Nothing have We omitted from the Book", declaring that all necessary instruction can be found within the Quran, without reference to the Hadith. They claim that following the Hadith has led to people straying from the original purpose of God's revelation to Muhammad, adherence to the Quran alone. Syed Ahmad Khan (1817–1898) is often considered the founder of the modernist movement within Islam, noted for his application of "rational science" to the Quran and Hadith and his conclusion that the Hadith were not legally binding on Muslims. His student, Chiragh ‘Ali, went further, suggesting nearly all the Hadith were fabrications. Ghulam Ahmed Pervez (1903–1985) was a noted critic of the Hadith and believed that the Quran alone was all that was necessary to discern God's will and our obligations. A fatwa, ruling, signed by more than a thousand orthodox clerics, denounced him as a 'kafir', a non-believer. His seminal work, Maqam-e Hadith argued that the Hadith were composed of "the garbled words of previous centuries", but suggests that he is not against the idea of collected sayings of the Prophet, only that he would consider any hadith that goes against the teachings of Quran to have been falsely attributed to the Prophet. The 1986 Malaysian book "Hadith: A Re-evaluation" by Kassim Ahmad was met with controversy and some scholars declared him an apostate from Islam for suggesting that ""the hadith are sectarian, anti-science, anti-reason and anti-women."
John Esposito notes that "Modern Western scholarship has seriously questioned the historicity and authenticity of the hadith", maintaining that "the bulk of traditions attributed to the Prophet Muhammad were actually written much later." He mentions Joseph Schacht, considered the father of the revisionist movement, as one scholar who argues this, claiming that Schacht "found no evidence of legal traditions before 722," from which Schacht concluded that "the Sunna of the Prophet is not the words and deeds of the Prophet, but apocryphal material" dating from later. Other scholars, however, such as Wilferd Madelung, have argued that "wholesale rejection as late fiction is unjustified".
Orthodox Muslims do not deny the existence of false hadith, but believe that through the scholars' work, these false hadith have been largely eliminated.
Lack of secondary evidence
The traditional view of Islam has also been criticised for the lack of supporting evidence consistent with that view, such as the lack of archaeological evidence, and discrepancies with non-Muslim literary sources. In the 1970s, what has been described as a "wave of sceptical scholars" challenged a great deal of the received wisdom in Islamic studies.:23 They argued that the Islamic historical tradition had been greatly corrupted in transmission. They tried to correct or reconstruct the early history of Islam from other, presumably more reliable, sources such as coins, inscriptions, and non-Islamic sources. The oldest of this group was John Wansbrough (1928–2002). Wansbrough's works were widely noted, but perhaps not widely read.:38 In 1972 a cache of ancient Qur'ans in a mosque in Sana'a, Yemen was discovered – commonly known as the Sana'a manuscripts. The German scholar Gerd R. Puin has been investigating these Quran fragments for years. His research team made 35,000 microfilm photographs of the manuscripts, which he dated to early part of the 8th century. Puin has not published the entirety of his work, but noted unconventional verse orderings, minor textual variations, and rare styles of orthography. He also suggested that some of the parchments were palimpsests which had been reused. Puin believed that this implied an evolving text as opposed to a fixed one.
Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf wrote a poetic eulogy commemorating the slain Quraish notables; later, he had traveled to Mecca and provoked the Quraish to fight Muhammad. He also wrote erotic poetry about Muslim women, which offended the Muslims there. This poetry influenced so many that this too was considered directly against the Constitution of Medina which states, loyalty gives protection against treachery and this document will not (be employed to) protect one who is unjust or commits a crime. Other sources also state that he was plotting to assassinate Muhammad. Muhammad called upon his followers to kill Ka'b. Muhammad ibn Maslama offered his services, collecting four others. By pretending to have turned against Muhammad, Muhammad ibn Maslama and the others enticed Ka'b out of his fortress on a moonlit night, and killed him in spite of his vigorous resistance. The Jews were terrified at his assassination, and as the historian Ibn Ishaq put it "...there was not a Jew who did not fear for his life".
Age of Muhammad's wife Aisha
Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, born in Persia 200 years after Muhammmad's death, suggested that she was ten years old. Six hundred years after Muhammad, Ibn Khallikan recorded that she was nine years old at marriage, and twelve at consummation. Ibn Sa'd al-Baghdadi, born about 150 years after Muhammad's death, cited Hisham ibn Urwah as saying that she was nine years old at marriage, and twelve at consummation, but Hisham ibn Urwah's original source is otherwise unknown, and Ibn Sa'd al-Baghdadi's work does not have the high religious status of the Hadith.
In the twentieth century, Pakistani writer Muhammad Ali challenged the Hadith showing that Aisha was as young as the traditional sources claim; arguing that instead a new interpretation of the Hadith compiled by Mishkat al-Masabih, Wali-ud-Din Muhammad ibn Abdullah Al-Khatib, could indicate that Aisha would have been nineteen years old around the time of her marriage.
Colin Turner, a UK professor of Islamic studies, states that since such marriages between an older man and a young girl were customary among the Bedouins, Muhammad's marriage would not have been considered improper by his contemporaries. Karen Armstrong, the British author on comparative religion, has affirmed that "There was no impropriety in Muhammad's marriage to Aisha. Marriages conducted in absentia to seal an alliance were often contracted at this time between adults and minors who were even younger than Aisha."
Morality of the Quran
According to some critics, the morality of the Quran appears to be a moral regression when judged by the standards of the moral traditions of Judaism and Christianity it says that it builds upon. The Catholic Encyclopedia, for example, states that "the ethics of Islam are far inferior to those of Judaism and even more inferior to those of the New Testament" and "that in the ethics of Islam there is a great deal to admire and to approve, is beyond dispute; but of originality or superiority, there is none."
- Critics stated that the Quran[Quran 4:34] allows Muslim men to discipline their wives by striking them. (There is however confusion amongst translations of Quran with the original Arabic term "wadribuhunna" being translated as "to go away from them", "beat", "strike lightly" and "separate". The film Submission, which rose to fame after the murder of its director Theo van Gogh, critiqued this and similar verses of the Quran by displaying them painted on the bodies of abused Muslim women. Ayaan Hirsi Ali, the film's writer, said "it is written in the Koran a woman may be slapped if she is disobedient. This is one of the evils I wish to point out in the film".
- Some critics argue that the Quran is incompatible with other religious scriptures as it attacks and advocates hate against people of other religions. For instance, Sam Harris interprets certain verses of the Quran as sanctioning military action against unbelievers as a whole both during the lifetime of Muhammad and after. The Quran said "Fight those who do not believe in Allah or in the Last Day and who do not consider unlawful what Allah and His Messenger have made unlawful and who do not adopt the religion of truth from those who were given the Scripture - [fight] until they give the jizyah willingly while they are humbled."[Surah 9:29] In The End of Faith Harris argues that Muslim extremism is simply a consequence of taking the Qur'an literally, and is skeptical that moderate Islam is possible. Various calls to arms were identified in the Quran by US citizen Mohammed Reza Taheri-azar, all of which were cited as "most relevant to my actions on March 3, 2006" (9:44, 9:19, 57:10-11, 8:72-73, 9:120, 3:167-175, 4:66, 4:104, 9:81, 9:93-94, 9:100, 16:110, 61:11-12, 47:35).
- Max I. Dimont interprets that the Houris described in the Quran are specifically dedicated to "male pleasure". Henry Martyn claims that the concept of the Houris was chosen to satisfy Muhammad's followers.
Bernard Lewis writes: "In one of the sad paradoxes of human history, it was the humanitarian reforms brought by Islam that resulted in a vast development of the slave trade inside, and still more outside, the Islamic empire." He notes that the Islamic injunctions against the enslavement of Muslims led to massive importation of slaves from the outside. According to Patrick Manning, Islam by recognizing and codifying the slavery seems to have done more to protect and expand slavery than the reverse.
Unlike Western societies which in their opposition to slavery spawned anti-slavery movements whose numbers and enthusiasm often grew out of church groups, no such grass-roots organizations ever developed in Muslim societies. In Muslim politics the state unquestioningly accepted the teachings of Islam and applied them as law. Islam, by sanctioning slavery, also extended legitimacy to the traffic in slaves.
It was only in the early 20th century (post World War I) that slavery gradually became outlawed and suppressed in Muslim lands, largely due to pressure exerted by Western nations such as Britain and France. Gordon describes the lack of homegrown Islamic abolition movements as owing much to the fact that it was deeply anchored in Islamic law. By legitimizing slavery and - by extension - traffic in slaves, Islam elevated those practices to an unassailable moral plane. As a result, in no part of the Muslim world was an ideological challenge ever mounted against slavery. The political and social system in Muslim society would have taken a dim view of such a challenge. Some Muslim leaders, like Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah did ban slavery, but they had little influence in the Islamic world.
The issue of slavery in the Islamic world in modern times is controversial. Critics argue there is hard evidence of its existence and destructive effects. Others maintain slavery in central Islamic lands has been virtually extinct since mid-twentieth century, and that reports from Sudan and Somalia showing practice of slavery is in border areas as a result of continuing war and not Islamic belief. In recent years, according to some scholars, there has been a "worrying trend" of "reopening" of the issue of slavery by some conservative Salafi Islamic scholars after its "closing" earlier in the 20th century when Muslim countries banned slavery and "most Muslim scholars" found the practice "inconsistent with Qur'anic morality."
According to Islamic law apostasy is identified by a list of actions such as conversion to another religion, denying the existence of God, rejecting the prophets, mocking God or the prophets, idol worship, rejecting the sharia, or permitting behavior that is forbidden by the sharia, such as adultery or the eating of forbidden foods or drinking of alcoholic beverages. The majority of Muslim scholars hold to the traditional view that apostasy is punishable by death or imprisonment until repentance, at least for adult men of sound mind.
Laws prohibiting religious conversion run contrary to Article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that "[e]veryone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance."
The English historian C. E. Bosworth suggests the traditional view of apostasy hampered the development of Islamic learning, arguing that while the organizational form of the Christian university allowed them to develop and flourish into the modern university, "the Muslim ones remained constricted by the doctrine of waqf alone, with their physical plant often deteriorating hopelessly and their curricula narrowed by the exclusion of the non-traditional religious sciences like philosophy and natural science," out of fear that these could evolve into potential toe-holds for kufr, those people who reject God."
Bernard Lewis summarizes:
The penalty for apostasy in Islamic law is death. Islam is conceived as a polity, not just as a religious community. It follows therefore that apostasy is treason. It is a withdrawal, a denial of allegiance as well as of religious belief and loyalty. Any sustained and principled opposition to the existing regime or order almost inevitably involves such a withdrawal.
The four Sunni schools of Islamic jurisprudence, as well as Shi'a scholars, agree on the difference of punishment between male and female. A sane adult male apostate may be executed. A female apostate may be put to death, according to the majority view, or imprisoned until she repents, according to others.
The Quran threatens apostates with punishment in the next world only, the historian W. Heffening states, the traditions however contain the element of death penalty. Muslim scholar Shafi'i interprets verse Quran 2:217 as adducing the main evidence for the death penalty in Quran. The historian Wael Hallaq states the later addition of death penalty "reflects a later reality and does not stand in accord with the deeds of the Prophet." He further states that "nothing in the law governing apostate and apostasy derives from the letter of the holy text."
William Montgomery Watt, in response to a question about Western views of the Islamic Law as being cruel, states that "In Islamic teaching, such penalties may have been suitable for the age in which Muhammad lived. However, as societies have since progressed and become more peaceful and ordered, they are not suitable any longer."
Some contemporary Islamic jurists from both the Sunni and Shia denominations together with Quran only Muslims have argued or issued fatwas that state that either the changing of religion is not punishable or is only punishable under restricted circumstances. For example, Grand Ayatollah Hussein-Ali Montazeri argues that no Quranic verse prescribes an earthly penalty for apostasy and adds that it is not improbable that the punishment was prescribed by Muhammad at early Islam due to political conspiracies against Islam and Muslims and not only because of changing the belief or expressing it. Montazeri defines different types of apostasy. He does not hold that a reversion of belief because of investigation and research is punishable by death but prescribes capital punishment for a desertion of Islam out of malice and enmity towards the Muslim.
According to Yohanan Friedmann, an Israeli Islamic Studies scholar, a Muslim may stress tolerant elements of Islam (by for instance adopting the broadest interpretation of Quran 2:256 ("No compulsion is there in religion...") or the humanist approach attributed to Ibrahim al-Nakha'i), without necessarily denying the existence of other ideas in the Medieval Islamic tradition but rather discussing them in their historical context (by for example arguing that "civilizations comparable with the Islamic one, such as the Sassanids and the Byzantines, also punished apostasy with death. Similarly neither Judaism nor Christianity treated apostasy and apostates with any particular kindness"). Friedmann continues:
The real predicament facing modern Muslims with liberal convictions is not the existence of stern laws against apostasy in medieval Muslim books of law, but rather the fact that accusations of apostasy and demands to punish it are heard time and again from radical elements in the contemporary Islamic world.
Human rights conventions
Some widely held interpretations of Islam are inconsistent with Human Rights conventions that recognize the right to change religion. In particular article 18 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states:
Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
To implement this, Article 18 (2) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights states:
No one shall be subject to coercion which would impair his freedom to have or to adopt a religion of his choice.
The right for Muslims to change their religion is not afforded by the Iranian Shari'ah law, which specifically forbids it. In 1981, the Iranian representative to the United Nations, Said Rajaie-Khorassani, articulated the position of his country regarding the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, by saying that the UDHR was "a secular understanding of the Judeo-Christian tradition", which could not be implemented by Muslims without trespassing the Islamic law. As a matter of law, on the basis of its obligations as a state party to the ICCPR, Iran is obliged to uphold the right of individuals to practice the religion of their choice and to change religions, including converting from Islam. The prosecution of converts from Islam on the basis of religious edicts that identify apostasy as an offense punishable by death is clearly at variance with this obligation. Muslim countries such as Sudan and Saudi Arabia, have the death penalty for apostasy from Islam. These countries have criticized the Universal Declaration of Human Rights for its perceived failure to take into account the cultural and religious context of non-Western countries. In 1990, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation published a separate Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam compliant with Shari'ah. Although granting many of the rights in the UN declaration, it does not grant Muslims the right to convert to other religions, and restricts freedom of speech to those expressions of it that are not in contravention of the Islamic law.
Abul Ala Maududi, the founder of Jamaat-e-Islami, wrote a book called Human Rights in Islam, in which he argues that respect for human rights has always been enshrined in Sharia law (indeed that the roots of these rights are to be found in Islamic doctrine) and criticizes Western notions that there is an inherent contradiction between the two. Western scholars have, for the most part, rejected Maududi's analysis.
The September 11 attacks on the United States, and various other acts of Islamic terrorism over the 21st century, have resulted in many non-Muslims' indictment of Islam as a violent religion. In particular, the Qur'an's teachings on matters of war and peace have become topics of heated discussion in recent years. On the one hand, some critics claim that certain verses of the Qur'an sanction military action against unbelievers as a whole both during the lifetime of Muhammad and after. The Qur'an says, "Fight in the name of your religion with those who fight against you." On the other hand, other scholars argue that such verses of the Qur'an are interpreted out of context, and argue that when the verses are read in context it clearly appears that the Qur'an prohibits aggression, and allows fighting only in self-defense.
Orientalist David Margoliouth described the Battle of Khaybar as the "stage at which Islam became a menace to the whole world." According to Margoliouth, earlier attacks on the Meccans and the Jewish tribes of Medina (e.g., the invasion of Banu Qurayza) could be at least plausibly be ascribed to wrongs done to Muhammad or the Islamic community. Margoliouth argues that the Jews of Khaybar had done nothing to harm Muhammad or his followers, and ascribes the attack to a desire for plunder. He describes the reason given by Muhammad for the attack as "its inhabitants were not Moslems" (italics in the source). According to Margoliouth, this became an excuse for unfettered conquest.
Jihad, an Islamic term, is a religious duty of Muslims. In Arabic, the word jihād translates as a noun meaning "struggle". Jihad appears 41 times in the Quran and frequently in the idiomatic expression "striving for the sake of God (al-jihad fi sabil Allah)". Jihad is an important religious duty for Muslims. A minority among the Sunni scholars sometimes refer to this duty as the sixth pillar of Islam, though it occupies no such official status. In Twelver Shi'a Islam, however, Jihad is one of the 10 Practices of the Religion. The Qur'an calls repeatedly for jihad, or holy war, against unbelievers, including, at times, Jews and Christians. Middle East historian Bernard Lewis argues that "the overwhelming majority of classical theologians, jurists, and traditionalists (specialists in the hadith) understood the obligation of jihad in a military sense." Furthermore, Lewis maintains that for most of the recorded history of Islam, from the lifetime of the Prophet Muhammad onward, the word jihad was used in a primarily military sense. According to Andrew Bostom, a number of jihads have targeted Christians, Hindus, and Jews.
The Qur'an: (8:12): "...cast terror in their hearts and strike upon their necks." The phrase that they have been "commanded to terrorize the disbelievers" has been cited in motivation of Jihadi terror. One Jihadi cleric has said:
"Another aim and objective of jihad is to drive terror in the hearts of the [infidels]. To terrorize them. Did you know that we were commanded in the Qur'an with terrorism? ...Allah said, and prepare for them to the best of your ability with power, and with horses of war. To drive terror in the hearts of my enemies, Allah's enemies, and your enemies. And other enemies which you don't know, only Allah knows them... So we were commanded to drive terror into the hearts of the [infidels], to prepare for them with the best of our abilities with power. Then the Prophet said, nay, the power is your ability to shoot. The power which you are commanded with here, is your ability to shoot. Another aim and objective of jihad is to kill the [infidels], to lessen the population of the [infidels]... it is not right for a Prophet to have captives until he makes the Earth warm with blood... so, you should always seek to lessen the population of the [infidels]."
David Cook, author of Understanding Jihad, said "In reading Muslim literature — both contemporary and classical — one can see that the evidence for the primacy of spiritual jihad is negligible. Today it is certain that no Muslim, writing in a non- Western language (such as Arabic, Persian, Urdu), would ever make claims that jihad is primarily nonviolent or has been superseded by the spiritual jihad. Such claims are made solely by Western scholars, primarily those who study Sufism and/or work in interfaith dialogue, and by Muslim apologists who are trying to present Islam in the most innocuous manner possible." Cook argued that "Presentations along these lines are ideological in tone and should be discounted for their bias and deliberate ignorance of the subject" and that "[i]t is no longer acceptable for Western scholars or Muslim apologists writing in non-Muslim languages to make flat, unsupported statements concerning the prevalence — either from a historical point of view or within contemporary Islam—of the spiritual jihad." Magdi Allam, an outspoken Egyptian-born Italian journalist, has describes Islam as intrinsically violent and characterized by "hate and intolerance".
Dennis Prager, columnist and author, in responding to a movement that contends that Islam is "a religion of peace," wrote: "Now, Islam has never been a religion of peace. It began as a warlike religion and throughout its history, whenever possible, made war on non-Muslims — from the polytheists of North Africa to the Hindus of India, about 60 to 80 million of whom Muslims killed during their thousand-year rule there."
Beheading was a standard method of execution in pre-modern Islamic law. Though a formerly widespread execution method, its use had been abandoned in most countries by the end of the 20th century. Currently, it is used only in Saudi Arabia. It also remains a legal method of execution in Iran, Qatar and Yemen, where it is no longer in use.
Critics such as lesbian activist Irshad Manji, former Muslims Ehsan Jami and the former Dutch politician Ayaan Hirsi Ali, have criticized Islam's attitudes towards homosexuals. Most international human rights organizations, such as Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, condemn Islamic laws that make homosexual relations between consenting adults a crime. Since 1994 the United Nations Human Rights Committee has also ruled that such laws violated the right to privacy guaranteed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.
In May 2008, the sexual rights lobby group Lambda Istanbul (based in Istanbul, Turkey) was banned by court order for violating a constitutional provision on the protection of the family and an article banning bodies with objectives that violate law and morality. This decision was then taken to the Court of Cassation and the ban lifted.
The ex-Muslim Ibn Warraq has noted that the Quran's condemnation of homosexuality has frequently been ignored in practice, and that Islamic countries were much more tolerant of homosexuality than Christian ones until fairly recently.
Short-term and limited marriages
Nikāḥ al-Mutʿah (Arabic: نكاح المتعة literally pleasure marriage) is a fixed-term or short-term contractual marriage in Shia Islam. The duration of this type of marriage is fixed at its inception and is then automatically dissolved upon completion of its term. For this reason, nikah mut‘ah has been widely criticised as the religious cover and legalization of prostitution. The Christian missionary Thomas Patrick Hughes criticized Mut'ah as allowing the continuation of "one of the abominable practices of ancient Arabia." Shi'a and Sunnis agree that Mut'ah was legal in early times, but Sunnis consider that it was abrogated. Ibn Kathir writes that "[t]here's no doubt that in the outset of Islam, Mut'ah was allowed under the Shari'ah". Currently, however, mut'ah is one of the distinctive features of Ja'fari jurisprudence. No other school of Islamic jurisprudence allows it. According to Imam Jafar as Sadiq, "One of the matters about which I shall never keep precautionary silence (taqiyya) is the matter of mu’tah." Allameh Tabatabaei defends the Shia view in Tafsir al-Mizan, arguing that there are mutawatir or nearly mutawatir traditions narrated from the Shia Imams that Mut'ah is permitted. For example, it has been narrated from Muhammad al-Baqir and Ja'far al-Sadiq that they said "regarding the [above] verse, and there is no blame on you about what you mutually agree after what is appointed." It means that he increases her dowry or she increases his (fixed) period. Sunnis believe that Muhammad later abolished this type of marriage at several different large events, the most accepted being at Khaybar in 7 AH (629 CE) Bukhari 059.527 and at the Victory of Mecca in 8 AH (630 CE). Most Sunnis believe that Umar later was merely enforcing a prohibition that was established during Muhammad's time. Shia contest the criticism that nikah mut‘ah is a cover for prostitution, and argue that the unique legal nature of temporary marriage distinguishes Mut'ah ideologically from prostitution.
Contractually limited marriage
Nikah Misyar (Arabic: المسيار) is a type of Nikah (marriage) in Sunni Islam only carried out through the normal contractual procedure, with the provision that the husband and wife give up several rights by their own free will, such as living together, equal division of nights between wives in cases of polygamy, the wife's rights to housing, and maintenance money ("nafaqa"), and the husband's right of homekeeping and access. Essentially the couple continue to live separately from each other, as before their contract, and see each other to fulfil their needs in a legally permissible (halaal) manner when they please. Misyar has been suggested by some western authors to be a comparable marriage with Nikah mut'ah and that they find it for the sole purpose of "sexual gratification in a licit manner" According to Florian Pohl, assistant professor of religion at Oxford College, Misyar marriage is controversial issue in the Muslim world, as many see it as practice that encourages marriages for purely sexual purposes, or that it is used as a cover for a form of prostitutuion.
Professor Yusuf Al-Qaradawi observes that he does not promote this type of marriage, although he has to recognise that it is legal, since it fulfils all the requirements of the usual marriage contract. He states his preference that the clause of renunciation be not included within the marriage contract, but be the subject of a simple verbal agreement between the parties. Islamic scholars like Ibn Uthaimeen or Al-Albani claim, for their part, that misyar marriage may be legal, but not moral. They agree that the wife can at any time, reclaim the rights which she gave up at the time of contract. But, they are opposed to this type of marriage on the grounds that it contradicts the spirit of the Islamic law of marriage and that it has perverse effects on the woman, the family and the community in general.
For Al-Albani, misyar marriage may even be considered as illicit, because it runs counter to the objectives and the spirit of marriage in Islam, as described in the Quran: "And among His Signs is this, that He created for you mates from among yourselves, that ye may dwell in tranquility with them, and He has put love and mercy between your (hearts)…" Al-Albani also underlines the social problems which result from the "misyar" marriage, particularly in the event that children are born from this union. The children raised by their mother in a home from which the father is always absent, without reason, may suffer difficulties. The situation becomes even worse if the wife is abandoned or repudiated by her husband "misyar", with no means of subsistence, as usually happens.
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Women in Islam
Many scholars claim Shari'a law encourages domestic violence against women, when a husband suspects nushuz (disobedience, disloyalty, rebellion, ill conduct) in his wife. Other scholars claim wife beating, for nashizah, is not consistent with modern perspectives of the Quran.
One of the verses of the Quran relating to permissibility of domestic violence is Surah 4:34. In deference to Surah 4:34, many nations with Shari'a law have refused to consider or prosecute cases of domestic abuse. Shari'a has been criticized for ignoring women's rights in domestic abuse cases. Musawah, CEDAW, KAFA and other organizations have proposed ways to modify Shari'a-inspired laws to improve women's rights in Islamic nations, including women's rights in domestic abuse cases.
Personal status laws and child marriage
Shari'a is the basis for personal status laws in most Islamic majority nations. These personal status laws determine rights of women in matters of marriage, divorce and child custody. A 2011 UNICEF report concludes that Shari'a law provisions are discriminatory against women from a human rights perspective. In legal proceedings under Shari'a law, a woman’s testimony is worth half of a man’s before a court.
Except for Iran, Lebanon and Bahrain which allow child marriages, the civil code in Islamic majority countries do not allow child marriage of girls. However, with Shari'a personal status laws, Shari'a courts in all these nations have the power to override the civil code. The religious courts permit girls less than 18 years old to marry. As of 2011, child marriages are common in a few Middle Eastern countries, accounting for 1 in 6 all marriages in Egypt and 1 in 3 marriages in Yemen. However, the average age at marriage in most Middle Eastern countries is steadily rising and is generally in the low to mid 20's for women. Rape is considered a crime in all countries, but Shari'a courts in Bahrain, Iraq, Jordan, Libya, Morocco, Syria and Tunisia in some cases allow a rapist to escape punishment by marrying his victim, while in other cases the victim who complains is often prosecuted with the crime of Zina (adultery).
Women's right to property and consent
Sharia grants women the right to inherit property from other family members, and these rights are detailed in the Quran. A woman's inheritance is unequal and less than a man's, and dependent on many factors.[Quran 4:12] For instance, a daughter's inheritance is usually half that of her brother's.[Quran 4:11]
Until the 20th century, Islamic law granted Muslim women certain legal rights, such as the right to own property received as Mahr (brideprice) at her marriage, that Western legal systems did not grant to women. However, Islamic law does not grant non-Muslim women the same legal rights as the few it did grant Muslim women. Sharia recognizes the basic inequality between master and women slave, between free women and slave women, between Believers and non-Believers, as well as their unequal rights. Sharia authorized the institution of slavery, using the words abd (slave) and the phrase ma malakat aymanukum ("that which your right hand owns") to refer to women slaves, seized as captives of war. Under Islamic law, Muslim men could have sexual relations with female captives and slaves without her consent.
Slave women under sharia did not have a right to own property, right to free movement or right to consent. Sharia, in Islam's history, provided religious foundation for enslaving non-Muslim women (and men), as well as encouraged slave's manumission. However, manumission required that the non-Muslim slave first convert to Islam. Non-Muslim slave women who bore children to their Muslim masters became legally free upon her master's death, and her children were presumed to be Muslims as their father, in Africa, and elsewhere.
Starting with the 20th century, Western legal systems evolved to expand women's rights, but women's rights under Islamic law have remained tied to Quran, hadiths and their faithful interpretation as sharia by Islamic jurists.
Criticism of Muslim immigrants and immigration
The immigration of Muslims to Europe has increased in recent decades. Friction has developed between their new neighbours. Conservative Muslim social attitudes on modern issues have caused controversy in Europe and elsewhere. Scholars argue about how much these attitudes are a result of Islamic beliefs. Some critics consider Islam to be incompatible with secular Western society. Their criticism has been partly influenced by a stance against multiculturalism advocated by recent philosophers, closely linked to the heritage of New Philosophers. Statements by proponents like Pascal Bruckner describe multiculturalism as an invention of an "enlightened" elite who deny the benefits of democratic rights to non-Westerners by chaining them to their roots. They believe this allows Islam free rein to propagate what they state are abuses, such as the mistreatment of women and homosexuals, and in some countries slavery. They also state that multiculturalism allows a degree of religious freedom that exceeds what is needed for personal religious freedom and is conducive to the creation of organizations aimed at undermining European secular or Christian values.
Emigrants from nearly every Muslim country have immigrated to Canada. According to a 2001 poll, 54% of Canadians had an unfavourable view of Islam, which was higher than for any other religion.
In the United States, after the Boston Marathon bombings, the immigration processes are assumed to be harder. Far-right commentator Bryan Fischer asked that no more visas be granted to Muslims, and no more mosques built, his opinion received support, most notably by the former presidential candidate Pat Buchanan.
Comparison with communism and fascist ideologies
In 2004, speaking to the Acton Institute on the problems of "secular democracy", Cardinal George Pell drew a parallel between Islam and communism: "Islam may provide in the 21st century, the attraction that communism provided in the 20th, both for those that are alienated and embittered on the one hand and for those who seek order or justice on the other." Pell also agrees in another speech that its capacity for far-reaching renovation is severely limited. An Australian Islamist spokesman, Keysar Trad, responded to the criticism: "Communism is a godless system, a system that in fact persecutes faith". Geert Wilders, a controversial Dutch member of parliament and leader of the Party for Freedom, has also compared Islam to fascism and communism.
Writers such as Stephen Suleyman Schwartz and Christopher Hitchens, find some elements of Islamism fascistic. Malise Ruthven, a Scottish writer and historian who writes on religion and Islamic affairs, opposes redefining Islamism as "Islamofascism", but also finds the resemblances between the two ideologies "compelling".
Responses to criticism
John Esposito has written a number of introductory texts on Islam and the Islamic world. He has addressed issues including the rise of militant Islam, the veiling of women, and democracy. Esposito emphatically argues against what he calls the "pan-Islamic myth". He thinks that "too often coverage of Islam and the Muslim world assumes the existence of a monolithic Islam in which all Muslims are the same." To him, such a view is naive and unjustifiably obscures important divisions and differences in the Muslim world.
William Montgomery Watt in his book Muhammad: Prophet and Statesman addresses Muhammad’s alleged moral failings. Watt argues on a basis of moral relativism that Muhammad should be judged by the standards of his own time and country rather than "by those of the most enlightened opinion in the West today."
Karen Armstrong, tracing what she believes to be the West's long history of hostility toward Islam, finds in Muhammad’s teachings a theology of peace and tolerance. Armstrong holds that the "holy war" urged by the Quran alludes to each Muslim's duty to fight for a just, decent society.
Edward Said, in his essay Islam Through Western Eyes, stated that the general basis of Orientalist thought forms a study structure in which Islam is placed in an inferior position as an object of study. He claims the existence of a very considerable bias in Orientalist writings as a consequence of the scholars' cultural make-up. He claims Islam has been looked at with a particular hostility and fear due to many obvious religious, psychological and political reasons, all deriving from a sense "that so far as the West is concerned, Islam represents not only a formidable competitor but also a late-coming challenge to Christianity."
Cathy Young of Reason Magazine claims that "criticism of the religion is enmeshed with cultural and ethnic hostility" often painting the Muslim world as monolithic. While stating that the terms "Islamophobia" and "anti-Muslim bigotry" are often used in response to legitimate criticism of fundamentalist Islam and problems within Muslim culture, she claimed "the real thing does exist, and it frequently takes the cover of anti-jihadism."
Deepa Kumar, the author of Outside the Box: Corporate Media, Globalization, and the UPS Strike, in her article titled 'Fighting Islamophobia: A Response to Critics' says "The history of Islam is no more violent than the history of any of the other major religions of the world. Perhaps my critics haven't heard of the Crusades – the religious wars fought by European Christians from the 11th to the 13th centuries". Speaking on the Danish Muhammad cartoon controversy she says "The Danish cartoon of the prophet Mohammed with a bomb on his head is nothing if not the visual depiction of the racist diatribe that Islam is inherently violent. To those who can't understand why this argument is racist, let me be clear: when you take the actions of a few people and generalize it to an entire group – all Muslims, all Arabs – that's racism. When a whole group of people are discriminated against and demonized because of their religion or regional origin, that's racism...Arabs and Muslims are being scapegoated and demonized to justify a war that is ruining the lives of millions."
- Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry
- Clarion Project
- Criticism of Muhammad
- Criticism of the Quran
- Criticism of Twelver Shia Islam
- Islamic schools and branches
- Faith Freedom International
- Freedom of speech
- Ibrahim Al-Buleihi
- Internet Infidels
- Islam and domestic violence
- Islam and violence
- Islamic feminism
- Innocence of Muslims
- Islam: What the West Needs to Know
- Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
- List of critics of Islam
- The Satanic Verses controversy
- Shia–Sunni relations
- Sudanese teddy bear blasphemy case
- Trial of Geert Wilders
- Why Islam?
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Quote: The slave who bore her master's child became known in Arabic as an "umm walad"; she could not be sold, and she was automatically freed upon her master's death. (page 113)
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|Military & Outdoor Fitness Articles Main Page|
Last Updated: 08 April, 2016
Although this article is primarily focused on those working in the military fitness, fitness boot camp and outdoor fitness sectors the principles can be applied to the wider fitness community.
The requirements for working as a fitness professional varies across industries and employers. Health clubs and leisure centres usually hire certified personal trainers, but a highly fit professional with extensive experience in fitness or athletics may work for a private client without certification. Dance teachers, yoga practitioners, and martial arts instructors generally have years of experience in their respective disciplines and possess extensive knowledge of specific techniques. To work for schools and colleges, fitness instructors usually need a degree and related certification. A high quality fitness professional is generally a fit, healthy person who leads by example through exercising regularly and practicing their own methodology.
Professionalism can be hard to define and even harder to teach. This article highlights some practical tips to encourage professionalism in both new and veteran fitness professionals.
This article has not been written as a comprehensive guide on professionalism – although the references at the end will aid this – but more as food for thought and to stimulate debate.
2.0 Defining Professionalism?
The Royal College of Physicians (RCP) defined professionalism in 2005 as a set of values, behaviours, and relationships that underpins the trust the public has in doctors; fitness professionals are no different.
The Medical Protection Society (MPS, 2013) suggests that being a professional is not just about earning a living from your trade, or the amount of money earned, it is about being proficient at that trade and being recognised as being so.
Tom Nikkola (2012), Director of Nutrition & Weight Management, states “A fitness professional has evolved beyond working with clients just on their exercise.” Tom further states that clients should understand what they are looking for “so they can make the best decision with who they are going to invest in.” To aid this decision Tom has suggested six points:
- Fitness professionals are adamant about lab testing;
- Fitness professionals use tools and devices to enhance their programmes;
- Fitness professionals coach on lifestyle as much as exercise;
- Fitness professionals are sticklers about nutrition;
- Fitness professionals set the example; and
- Fitness professionals never stop learning.
Dr Michael Mantell (2011) echoes points 3-6 and also states “A fitness professional produces high-quality service in every area of practice. Excellence is always your goal.”
Although aimed, again, at doctors, the RCP publication (Thomson & Kelley, 2011) “How to Guide: Professionalism” provides some examples of concern that can be directly transposed to fitness professionals such as:
- Drug or alcohol misuse;
- Aggressive, violent or threatening behaviour;
- Persistent inappropriate attitude or behaviour;
- Cheating or plagiarising;
- Dishonesty or fraud; and/or
- Unprofessional behaviour of confidentiality of attitudes.
How many of the above points do you or your instructors display?
The concept of professionalism is now the basis of the fitness industry’s contract with society. It is what society and clients expect of their fitness professionals. Professionalism is the way that fitness professionals fulfil their part of this contract and in return they are rewarded by the trust of clients.
How do you personify professionalism? Some people would see professionalism as being predominantly about observable behaviours. Others believe it is a much broader concept encompassing competences in terms of knowledge, practice and non-practice skills, which together with appropriate attitudes and values result in expected professional behaviours and relationships.
When it comes to day-to-day practice, professionalism is about adherence to a defined set of standards. You should work with your instructors’ to try and incorporate these standards and codes of practice into everyday behaviour and performance, by following your own national regulator’s code of conduct/ethics.
A client’s trust in their fitness professional is no longer assumed; it is reached and earned through a display of appropriate professional qualities and behaviours, for example, expertise, probity and concern or caring, and these act as markers of professionalism.
Communication issues and poor instructor-client relationships can be major causes of complaints and clients leaving (Mantell, 2011). Many of these communication behaviours would be viewed as unprofessional:
- Poor communication (not being listened to, lack of empathy, lack of information);
- Disempowerment (feeling devalued, not being understood or taken seriously); and
- Desertion (feeling abandoned, family excluded [parents of child clients], staff arrogance).
3.0 Professional Registration
Fitness Australia (2014), along with most European regulators, suggests that being a ‘Registered’ exercise professional means the instructor/trainer:
- Has completed a fitness qualification;
- Holds a current Senior First Aid and CPR certification;
- Is recognised as a ‘Licence to Practice’ as a professional;
- Is committed to ongoing professional development; and
- Is eligible for professional insurance cover.
Fitness Australia further states that exercise professionals should be registered at levels according to qualification and experience; in categories aligned with completed and current vocational roles.
3.1 What is Professional Registration?
Professional registration provides assurance and confidence to consumers, employers and health professionals that all registered fitness professionals are qualified and have the knowledge, skills and competence to perform specific roles.
As such, registered fitness professionals are acknowledged for their professionalism, adherence to industry standards and commitment to ongoing professional development.
3.2 UK Outdoor Fitness Organisations and Professional Registration
The Register of Exercise Professionals, the UK professional body known as REPs, does not have the legal authority to compel individuals or organisations to become members. Although many employers stipulate that employees should be a member of REPs as a condition of employment, this does not generally extend to those individuals and employers in the sectors mentioned in this article.
For example, the leading outdoor fitness company – British Military Fitness – is a member of UK Active and not REPs; although a small number of its instructors’ are members of REPs. Also, a number of other smaller outdoor fitness organisations are affiliated with REPs without their instructors being members. I would argue that professional registration by some outdoor fitness organisations is just a marketing strategy and not as a tool to raise or maintain standards.
4.0 Teaching Professionalism
Business owners, trainers and regulators need to actively encourage professionalism and not just assume that new or veteran instructors will automatically acquire it, or simply wait until they transgress.
It is relatively easy to teach someone a specific skill like conducting a warm-up and assessing whether the instructor has acquired the skill. The same cannot be said for professionalism.
Teaching aspects of professionalism can be achieved through delivering a formal curriculum, teaching the knowledge and skills to develop capability, helping to establish necessary attitudes, and enabling instructors to display appropriate professional behaviour.
Knowing the professional standards as identified by the relevant national regulator is a good starting point. Topic discussions with instructors are a useful way of teaching them about key issues such as confidentiality, safeguarding etc. Ask them “how would you respond to a complaint about another instructor from a client?” as a way to help them apply this knowledge.
- UK Active Outdoor Code of Practice.
- REPs (Register of Exercise Professionals) Code of Conduct.
- Skills Active (owner of REPs) Professional Registers.
4.2 Skills Necessary to Display Professional Behaviours
In order to be able to exhibit professional behaviour, we need to ensure instructors have the necessary skills which include exercise skills, a range of communication skills and record keeping.
4.3 Attitudes and Values
Examples of attitudes and values associated with being a fitness professional include:
- Being open;
- Compassion; and
To assess attitudes and values, you could ask attitudinal questions, for example:
How much do you agree with the following statements (on a scale of 1-7):
“It is important to apologise to clients when mistakes have occurred.”
“It is OK to take shortcuts if pressed for time.”
4.4 Is the Behaviour Attitude Consistent?
Aligning attitudes and values with professional behaviours authenticates professionalism.
- Attitudes and values (Humanism); and
- Professional Behaviour (Professionalism).
What we see externally are behaviours and capability. It is what lies internally such as values, beliefs and attitudes that drive this behaviour. Professional behaviour without consistent underlying values lacks authenticity and integrity (i.e. surface compliance: instructors go through the motions but not engage with what it means for their practice) and is more likely to deteriorate when under pressure.
5.0 Informal and Hidden Curricula
Most of the teaching of professionalism is likely to occur through informal and hidden curricula (Table 1). Role modelling can be very powerful especially if accompanied by reflection.
|Table 1: Informal and hidden curriculum|
|Informal Curriculum||Hidden Curriculum|
|Stories and anecdotes: “I had a session a few years ago where…”||Developing an appropriate practice culture regarding attitudes and behaviours.|
|‘Chats’ over coffee.||Raising the profile of professionalism.|
|Peer learning.||Role modelling:
|Fitness and lay media ‘stories’.|
|Scenarios/questions to help challenge attitudes.|
|Reflecting on and discussing everyday situations.|
|Documenting examples of professionalism to discuss.|
6.0 Feedback on Professional Behaviour
You can assess the professional behaviour of instructors by role-play, case-based discussion, rating scales and observation of a session/consultation. You can use formative assessment techniques to assess and enhance an instructor’s capability.
Feedback from a variety of sources, for example, staff, clients or colleagues, can be very useful.
We should be encouraging reflection, self-assessment and self-correction about the impact of errant professional behaviour.
7.0 Client-centred versus Instructor-centred
Being client-centred is an important part of professionalism. Sometimes we can become very ‘me’ focused and lose sight of the fact that the client is our main priority. Hearing these types of phrases may give an indication that this is happening:
- “I don’t see why I should…”
- “I had the usual time-wasters during today’s session.”
- “Clients need to realise that I can’t…”
8.0 Hot Buttons
Certain client behaviours or comments can trigger an automatic inappropriate response which could be perceived as unprofessional, before our cognitive control has had a chance to prevent it. Identifying what these hot buttons are and early recognition that they are being pressed is important. Reframing client behaviour that can stimulate these responses may help prevent automatic potentially unprofessional responses.
- Ensure instructors know and understand what acceptable professional behaviour is;
- Encourage appropriate values and attitudes to authenticate professionalism;
- Encourage client-centred sessions;
- Role modelling and facilitating reflection on observed behaviour is likely to be effective;
- Enabling insight into attitudinal or behavioural deficiencies will help many instructors improve;
- Reflective practice is vital to enable instructors to develop professionalism; and
- Reframing and managing hot buttons can be useful tools.
Professionalism matters. It is what society and clients expect and helps avoid complaints and clients leaving, particularly at a time when client expectations are growing. In such times your professional attributes can really come to the fore and make all the difference when under pressure.
11.0 Top Ten Tips for Professionalism
- Probity: Honesty and integrity are central to probity and define how any professional person should act. This is vital in the fitness industry as the instructor-client relationship is balanced on trust.
- Expertise: instructors are expected to have a particular set of skills in their chosen field, some at a level that can be considered expert. The validity of this expertise is maintained by ongoing training throughout the course of a fitness professional’s career.
- Respect: You should aim to be courteous and should respect the rights, dignity and autonomy of those who consult you in a professional capacity.
- Responsibility and Reliability: A professional person should honour commitments and ensure that tasks and duties are completed and addressed, by taking the initiative and leading by example. In fitness, a lack of attention to your duties can be the difference between clients staying and leaving.
- Respectability: There are expectations that a professional will work and behave in a manner that is appropriate to the nature of their particular profession.
- Standards: A professional person is expected to have the ability and dedication to achieving a set of standards in their duties that their peers find acceptable.
- Conduct: the national regulators have clear expectations of the correct behaviour and conduct of fitness professionals. You should ensure that your actions are appropriate and proper.
- Social Responsibility: The nature of the profession means that a fitness professional must possess a strong sense of empathy; a desire to do good – and this can be broadly described as having a social responsibility.
- Ethics: Fitness professionals must adhere to a strict code of conduct/ethics. It is necessary to first separate the law on the one hand, and ethics on the other, in order to grasp the essential nature of professional ethics.
- Openness When Things Go Wrong: Fitness professionals have a professional and ethical obligation to be open and honest when things go wrong.
Fitness Australia (2014) Professional Registration. Available from World Wide Web: https://fitness.org.au/exerciseprofessionalregister.html. [Accessed: 21 June, 2014].
Mantell, M. (2011) Be a Fitness Professional, Not a Trainer. Available from World Wide Web: http://www.acefitness.org/blog/1895/be-a-fitness-em-professional-em-not-a-em-trainer. [Accessed: 21 June, 2014].
MPS (Medical Protection Society) (2013) Professionalism: An MPS Guide. Available from World Wide Web: http://www.medicalprotection.org/uk/booklets/professionalism-an-mps-guide. [Accessed: 21 June, 2014].
Nikkola, T. (2012) The Difference between a Personal Trainer and a Fitness Professional. Available from World Wide Web: http://www.lifetime-weightloss.com/blog/2012/1/28/the-difference-between-a-personal-trainer-and-a-fitness-prof.html. [Accessed: 21 June, 2014].
RCP (Royal College of Physicians) (2005) Doctors in Society: Medical Professionalism in a Changing World. London: RCP.
Thomson, D. & Kelley, T. (2011) RCP Insight. How to Guide: Professionalism. Available from World Wide Web: http://www.rcplondon.ac.uk/sites/default/files/rcp-insight-rcp-0003-16-08-2011-how-to-guide-professionalism.pdf. [Accessed: 21 June, 2014]. | <urn:uuid:46061004-5252-4e82-9598-2bb1f3107a68> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bootcampmilitaryfitnessinstitute.com/military-and-outdoor-fitness-articles/how-to-encourage-professionalism-in-your-instructors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.923933 | 3,245 | 2 | 2 |
This is part of John Leonzo's Solo Summer Shooting Workout. I recommend making no fewer than 200 shots a day, 6 days a week. Be sure to remind your players that there is no magic in the drills, in the facility, or in the coach that is with them, the magic is in the work. Improvement has a knack for following consistent work ethic and persistence.
PHASE 1: SIDE SHOOTING
Begin below the block so that your body is squared up to the side of the basket. Place both your hands on the ball in shooting position and place the ball at waist level. Without jumping, shoot the ball at the side of the backboard so that it falls directly back down to you. Repeat until you have 10 perfect shots.
PHASE 2: BANK SWISH SHOOTING
Stand in front of the rim so that you are about 1 foot away. Place the ball at waist level, hands at shooting position. Shoot the ball so that it banks off the backboard and then falls into a swish in the net. Repeat until you have 10 perfect bank swishes.
PHASE 3: FLOW SHOOTING
Step back so that you are 1 foot in front of the free throw line. Place your hands in a shooting position on the ball, and place the ball at waist level. Take 1 hop straight up and down. As soon as you land out of your hop, explode up into your shooting motion. The objective is to swish 10 shots.
PHASE 4: DRIBBLE PULL-UP SHOOTING
Start behind the free throw line with your hands on the ball in a shooting position, and the ball at waist level. Rip the ball in a tiny circle and take 2 dribbles right. Your first dribble should cover ground, and the second dribble should slam straight down and act as brakes for your body. Raise up and shoot a shot. Repeat the same going left. Swish 10 shots.
Send to your FastDraw library or email to a friend.
Email to a friend. | <urn:uuid:0d4b1da2-4275-4353-89f3-2fc70cdf7db6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.fastmodelsports.com/library/basketball/fastdraw/130813/play-Shooting-Warmup | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.937249 | 428 | 1.5 | 2 |
The Bank of England is widely expected to pump billions of pounds into the UK economy this week despite signs that the UK's financial health may be starting to improve.
The Bank's Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) is forecast to increase its quantitative easing (QE) programme by £50 billion to £325 billion on Thursday in a bid to stave off a recession, while it will also hold interest rates at record lows of 0.5%.
Many economists had previously expected the MPC to inject an even greater sum into the economy but surprisingly upbeat industry surveys for January have forced some to revise down their estimates.
The closely watched Markit/CIPS surveys showed that the manufacturing sector returned to growth in January, while the powerhouse services sector saw a record leap in optimism.
Malcolm Barr, an analyst at JP Morgan, had previously forecast an injection of £75 billion but said the "much firmer than expected" data meant he now pencilled in a £50 billion boost instead.
Alan Clarke, UK and eurozone economist at Scotiabank, said the survey data "seriously puts the cat amongst the pigeons ahead of next week's Bank of England decision".
But he added: "We have had our doubts for some time that the next QE instalment would be as big as £75 billion. Our view has been that £50 billion was a better bet."
Despite the upbeat data, most analysts also insisted it was still too early to call a recovery after respected thinktank NIESR recently warned that the UK economy would shrink by 0.1% in 2012 amid weak investment and uncertain conditions.
The economy contracted by 0.2% in the final quarter of 2011, sparking fears that the UK would fall back into another recession - defined as two successive quarters of falls - albeit a much milder one than previously.
The Government and Bank have both placed much of the blame for the UK's economic difficulties on the troubles in the eurozone, which still have no clear resolution.
But the MPC has in recent months held fire on boosting QE as it waited for the asset purchases unveiled in October to be completed.
Business leaders - such as the British Chambers of Commerce - have called for further QE and are likely to back an increase on Thursday.
However, the decision will raise fears over the impact on pension funds as QE can fuel inflation, which would spell more gloom for savers who have already seen the value of their pots eroded by the high cost of living and low interest rates.
But the expected deterioration in the economic outlook means it is more likely that inflation - which fell to 4.2% in December - will undershoot the 2% target in the medium term.
Howard Archer, chief UK and European economist at IHS Global Insight, said: "It is far from certain that January's apparent pick-up in economic activity can be sustained and relapses remain a very real risk given still appreciable domestic and international, mainly eurozone, headwinds." | <urn:uuid:0372718b-5556-431b-a240-341edd7b5840> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/02/05/bank-of-england-quantitative-easing-mervyn-king_n_1255536.html?ref=george-osborne | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00545-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97586 | 615 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Nola Millar teaching at a drama workshop, New Theatre, Wellington, 1968
Reference Number: 35mm-42637-24-F
Nola Millar teaching at a drama workshop, New Theatre, Wellington. Photographed by John Ashton in 1968.
Drama workshop, New Theatre, Wellington, New Zealand, Reference Number 35mm-42637-F (2 digitised items)
Negatives, 1968, Reference Number PAColl-7208-10 (2 digitised items)
Ashton, John, b 1917 :Negatives, Reference Number PAColl-7208 (58 digitised items)
Extent: 1 b&w original negative(s) Single image on 1/20 film negative strip Single negative
Historical Notes: In 1968 drama classes were held at New Theatre on Saturdays and Wednesdays.
Conditions governing access to original: Partial restriction - Negatives are not available for viewing. Surrogate copies will be provided. .
Citation: Any publication or exhibition must be accompanied by the credit "John Ashton Collection, Alexander Turnbull Library."
Usage: You can search, browse, print and download items from this website for research and personal study. You are welcome to reproduce the above image(s) on your blog or another website, but please maintain the integrity of the image (i.e. don't crop, recolour or overprint it), reproduce the image's caption information and link back to here (http://mp.natlib.govt.nz/detail/?id=66180). If you would like to use the above image(s) in a different way (e.g. in a print publication), or use the transcription or translation, permission must be obtained. More information about copyright and usage can be found on the Copyright and Usage page of the NLNZ web site. | <urn:uuid:535bccc7-5b27-4e89-a744-3b362c92d4b0> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://mp.natlib.govt.nz/detail/?id=66180&l=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720468.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00488-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.821724 | 378 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Until the second half of 18th century, the most important style was Clasicism. From this moment a radical swift will be produced in History of Painting. The usual up to now was that artists would display their pictures in the Official Hall. On the contrary, new artists (known as "The Rejected") had to find other places to exhibit their works. So first impressionist exhibition was celebrated on April, 15th of 1874 in Nadar's photography Gallery. Artists were introduced as "Anonymous Society of painters, sculptors and engravers". It included artists as important as Monet, Pissarro, Renoir, Sisley, or Cézanne.
Now exhibitions will be celebrated in different times and places. After the climax of this style its falling comes since it will be depassed by different concepts and aims. In this way many tendences will be gathered under the generic name "Neoimpressionism".
Origin of the word "Impressionism":
Impressionist painters never told of themselves using this word. It was applied to them in a pejorative way by critic Louis Leroy, as he saw Monet's Impression Dusk or Impression Raising Sun, painted in 1872 and shown in exhibition of 74. Next day, doing a parody of the picture's title in order to make a joke, Leroy named the new movement: 'when I beheld the work I thought that my glasses were dirty, what did this canvas mean?... The picture had neither up nor down... Impression! Of course, it makes an impression... Colored paper in his embrionary state is more complete than this sea-scene'. In this way the word "Impressionism" became the name of the stream that even to Leroy himself would make feel proud.
It caused a big scandal, similar to that experimented by Manet. The refined public of the moment was not ready to accept a revolution like the one that Impressionsits proposed. Jokes and drastic criticisms they suffered would make them succeed. The climax for them was produced when 20th century was already begun.
Changes and characteristics:
Their main aim was substituting the dominant idea of "Beauty" for the new one of "Freedom". In order to understand this step we should pay attention to the historic and social frame:
These changes brought special characteristics for Impressionism:
- Impact of the train: the idea of "speed" is experimented for the first time. Human eye knew in this way a "distortioned reality".
- Impact of photograph: photograph proved that color instead of drawing configures vision. So prior classicist theories were broken. Photograph made possible the idea of instant image, used by Degas for his dancing scenes.
- Impact of oil painting from tubes: it will be common from the middle of the 19th century. It implies a revolutionary outcome since artist does not need carefully elaborating colors. Then painters can get out of his studio and work in the open air.
- Impact of Nature and Light: working in the open air shows a new reality full of light. Its projection makes color possible.
- Impact of Time: that is the age of clocks. Time is a topic that obsesses men, specially painters. Technique requires from new artists a clever and agile touch of paintbrush.
- Landscape as an important subject:
It is one of the most fruitful geners. Landscape is a field that will attract a great part of impressionists' interests: open air, communication with Nature, discovering of light... The latter will change with the time: chromatic shades will shift along the day. Landscape also implies representation of water and ice. Artists love surfaces in wich reflections and colored-lights become infinite. Representation of shapes is not so frequent and is always dependent on landscape. (Now figure is a pretext to paint landscape. On the contrary, Classicism took landscape as an excuse for representing human shape). It does not mean that inner scenes disappear. Degas works topics like dance or horses, both connected to speed and instant image.
Impressionists are defined by his agile technique, with long touchs of paintbrush rich in painting material. This was severely critizised by lovers of tradition who told that "news" crushed their tubes on the canvas. About the last phase of Monet it is said that his works are not painting, but sculpture on the canvas. Goya is often cited as a forerunner for this kind of paintbrush touch.
It is important to say that impressionists never used in their palettes black color. They did it because they realize that shadows are never black, but colored. Indeed pure white does not exist, since light gives it many shades. Artists looked for pure colors, though they mixed them directly on canvas surface.
- Lack of perspective:
Impressionists ignore the concept of euclidian perspective that regulated the idea of painting up to this moment. Now "primitive" point of escape -established from Renaissance- disappears. Artists represent a flat bidimensional painting because this is the way our eye works. That was anticipated by Manet in his Pífano.
Main impressionist painters:
Beatriz Aragonés Escobar.
Licentiate in Art History | <urn:uuid:b007a8c8-561f-4d7b-b2e0-f02a6d6f924e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://spanisharts.com/history/del_impres_s.XX/impresionismo/i_impresionismo.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00181-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967901 | 1,087 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Advisory flood maps issued by the Federal Emergency Management Agency over the past four months were supposed to help people figure out how to rebuild higher and stronger. But in some parts of the region, the maps have sparked a backlash because they will potentially require thousands of homes to buy flood insurance that did not need to before.
The new flood maps, if approved, would add more than 65,000 structures in New York and New Jersey to the 100-year-flood zones—areas that FEMA believes face a 1 percent-a-year change of flooding. Everyone in those zones is required to get flood insurance if they have a federally-backed mortgage.
Many homeowners are finding fault with the maps, particularly those who find themselves for the first time in “V zones”, areas within the flood zones that are subject to the velocity of waves. To qualify for low insurance rates, homeowners in V zones must not only build above the flood elevation, but also put their houses on stilts or use other methods so that the foundation can withstand wave action.
The entire island of Broad Channel, Queens, in the middle of Jamaica Bay, is considered a V zone, according to the advisory maps. But Dan Mundy, the president of the civic association there, says there is no way the western side of the island could be hit by waves.
“All the hurricanes and nor’easters in this area come up in a counter-clockwise rotation,” Mundy said. “The wind always comes out of the East.”
Similarly, George Kasimos, a Realtor in Toms River, New Jersey, saw his house placed in an advisory V zone even though it is on a lagoon on the inland side of Barneget Bay. He formed a group, Stop FEMA Now, that has more than 2,000 Facebook members and is getting bigger and bigger crowds at gatherings.
“We don’t understand,” he said, “how a wave is going to miraculously come over the barrier islands, over a shallow bay, in front of a couple other bulkheads and then hit us with a three-foot wave.”
Within a few years, homeowners in V zones face insurance premiums as high as $31,000 a year if they do not elevate their homes or conform to wave-resistant building techniques. And that’s in part because the new maps come at the same time that insurance premiums are increasing 20 to 25 percent a year, thanks to federal legislation that’s supposed to reduce taxpayer subsidies to the troubled National Flood Insurance Program.
New York lawmakers have sponsored a bill that would slow the rate of increases in the premiums to just 5 percent a year for the next four years.
“Constituents have come up and talked about how they’re trying to rebuild their lives, that they lost everything in the storm,” said Congressman Gregory Meeks, a Democrat who represents Broad Channel and who co-sponsored the bill.
The new maps still have to be finalized and are not likely to take effect for 18 months or more. Already FEMA seems to backing away from some of the findings. Last week, the head of FEMA’s risk analysis division, Doug Bellomo, said the method for estimating how high the waves would be in certain areas may have been “overstated.” | <urn:uuid:7b034e7b-865e-47e8-89c7-201c9524aba0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wnyc.org/story/279176-fema-flood-maps-engender-backlash/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00045-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964899 | 695 | 2.21875 | 2 |
The telephone and the electric wires when are connected in summer between the two poles, they are kept loose so that they may not break when they contact in winter. on the other hand , if the wires are connected in winter between the two poles, they are kept tight because they will expand in summer and will sag.
The wooden wheels of a bullock-cart are fitted with a iron tyres. To ensure a tight fit, the tyre is made slightly smaller in diameter than the wheel. the tyre is first heated due to which it expands. The heated tyre is then fitted on the wheel. When the tyre cools, it contracts and make a tight fit on the wheel.
The cement floor is not laid out in piece, otherwise it would crack due to expansion in summer and contraction in winter.On the other hand, the floor is laid in small pieces with gaps in between to allow for the expansion during summer. However, glass strips can be placed in the gaps. | <urn:uuid:3782ea3f-2967-4eed-bd63-75fef3a30486> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://icsepapers.com/blog/applications-of-thermal-expansion-in-daily-life | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.969726 | 196 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Neuroscience: Science of the Brain
Publisher: The British Neuroscience Association 2004
Number of pages: 60
The British Neuroscience Association (BNA) commissioned the booklet for the purposes of teaching young people in the UK about the brain and neuroscience, the science of the brain. The booklet contains short explanatory chapters on different subjects written by experts in each topic.
Download or read it online for free here:
by Ahmet Mesrur Halefoglu (ed.) - InTech
During the recent years, there have been major breakthroughs in MRI due to developments in scanner technology. The advanced neuroimaging techniques have enabled us to achieve invaluable insights into tissue microstructure and brain connectivity.
by Emilio Bizzi, et al. - American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Can the new technique of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) detect deceit? This book examines the scientific support for using fMRI as well as the legal and ethical questions raised when machine-based means are employed to identify deceit.
- U.S. Government Printing Office
Neurotoxic substances that are found on the job and even in the home pose a great public health threat. The full scope of this is made clear in this volume, which reviews US Federal research, testing and monitoring conducted by leading agencies.
- Royal College of Physicians
This guideline aims to define the pathways for the initial assessment of TLoC patients, and so to derive the correct underlying diagnosis quickly, efficiently, and cost-effectively, and tailor the management plan to suit their true diagnosis. | <urn:uuid:08001e0a-e83f-44b7-a62d-1a9a0b85c4ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://e-booksdirectory.com/details.php?ebook=7196 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.884258 | 384 | 2.828125 | 3 |
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