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Dr. Sirlin Ace-001 English – Persuasive Essay
With the hectic pace and demands of modern life, many people feel stressed and over-worked. It often feels like there is just not enough time in the day to get everything done. Our stress and tiredness make us unhappy, impatient, , and frustrated. It can even affect our health. A simple ten or fifteen minute meditation a day can help you to overcome your stress and find some inner peace and balance. Meditation provides benefits to all of the major categories of human existence: Physical, Mental, Emotional and Spiritual.
Nevertheless, the term “meditation” is usually associated with hippies sitting around chanting “Ohmmm”. I have a couple family members that do feel this way. One disadvantage in meditation can be that some individuals connect it to eastern religions such as Buddhism or Hinduism. By relating meditation to these religions it tends to turn some people away from the practice of meditation. Another disadvantage is “time”. Some individuals say that it takes too much time out of their normal day to practice meditation.
However, one of the largest challenges faced by people today is overcoming the stress produced by everyday life. I know family and friends that take anti-depressants in order tothe deal with the stresses of everyday life. Meditation, on the other hand, provides a natural means of reducing stress and anxiety and can lead to enhanced mental health either in combination with, or in place of, popular anti-depressants. The improved mental health that can result from meditation can be seen in many ways. It generally gives you the perspective you need to manage your busy schedule and bring back a feeling of "I can handle this".
Additionally, more traditional meditation requires deeper breathing than normally, involves breathing which allows for greater oxygen flow through our systemwe... | <urn:uuid:ec4f9c41-03c8-4fce-b520-5b0ee24c939c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.studymode.com/essays/Persuasive-Essay-Meditation-520343.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00574-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946663 | 379 | 2.515625 | 3 |
A juvenile great white shark beached itself in Chatham, Massachusetts yesterday. With the help of beach goers, the harbor master, and the Atlantic White Shark Conservancy, the shark was able to safely return to the water!
Do you know how many times have you been swimming at the beach in the vicinity of a great white shark? Thanks to a team called Ocearch, now you can find out if there’s a great white near you. Using GPS-satellite tagging technology, Ocearch is tracking the movement of around 40 great white sharks.
A screenshot from Ocearch’s Global Shark Tracker tool. This shows the path of a great white shark called Mary Lee, who has swum along the east coast as far north as Cape Cod.
The town of Chatham, MA, on Cape Cod, has restricted swimming on its beaches after sightings of several great white sharks. The sharks may have disappointed beach-goers hoping for one last weekend in the water, but they have excited scientists hoping to study the behavior of the sharks.
Scientists were able to affix tags on two of the sharks, marking only the second and third time such a feat was accomplished. The tags will record the sharks’ locations, the temperature of the water, and the amount of light every ten minutes. This data will be recorded until January when the tags will pop off and float to the surface. Once at the surface the tags will send the recorded information to scientists.
The information may prove valuable in understanding the migratory habits of great white sharks. | <urn:uuid:3901bfad-e7ae-47d8-ba1d-b3045ebf3b1f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://animalfactguide.com/tag/great-white-shark/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.953842 | 319 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Located on 7,600 acres of land managed by the United States Bureau of Land Management (BLM) near Ely, Nevada, the Spring Valley Wind Farm’s 66 turbines will generate 152 megawatts of wind power. The BLM is committed to safeguarding the sensitive resources on Bureau lands. Mortenson Construction was challenged to minimize the project footprint in order to reduce the cultural, historical, and biological impact of the project.
Using MicroStation, InRoads, Bentley Map, and Bentley View, Mortenson modeled each stage of construction on each turbine site to optimize the layout of turbine parts and equipment. The turbine foundation bases required a tremendous amount of rebar to support the 80-meter-tall, 306-ton wind turbines. Modeling the rebar enabled the team to resolve electrical conduit conflicts before they occurred in the field, mitigating schedule delays and associated impacts on wildlife.
Mortenson reduced each turbine site by nearly 40%, resulting in a 77-acre reduction in approved ground disturbance area. When identification of pygmy rabbit habitat required a redesign of roads, turbines, and electrical connections, InRoads enabled quick changes and model delivery for machine control grading with no impact on the project schedule. This saved days of coordination and file conversion.
Bentley software was critical to minimizing the disturbance area at each turbine site, as well as allowing for flexibility in machine controlled grading and road alignment in response to biological and cultural encounters. The software reduced the time required to react and redesign. | <urn:uuid:283aa9b9-cd7a-4859-9bd5-9093c09deb53> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.bentley.com/en/project-profiles/mortenson-construction_spring-valley-wind-project | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00217-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.88624 | 301 | 2.546875 | 3 |
COCOA BEACH, Fla. - The fate of the infamous Glass Bank building in Cocoa Beach is pretty much set in stone after an agreement was reached to demolish it.
But now people who live nearby are worried about the demolition because they say a cat is living inside.
Cocoa Beach attorney Tony Hernandez's office faces the condemned, soon-to-be-razed Glass Bank building and everyday he looks out waiting for the city's eyesore to be torn down.
But a few days ago the cat caught his eye so he snapped a picture of it.
"We're always vigilant about looking at that building and I've never seen the cat, except for this one time," said Hernandez.
At first he says he didn't think much of it, but then he thought, ''What's going to happen to this cat when they raze the building?''
What he did next might surprise you.
"I felt compelled to do whatever I can to assure the safety of the cat. So, my law firm has elected to represent the Glass Bank cat pro bono," said Hernandez.
In his 20 years of practicing law in Cocoa Beach you can imagine that this a first and after letting folks in the community know about the situation, he's not the only one fighting to save the Glass Bank cat.
"It has taken about 5 years to finally get ready to take the building down and now this shows up. I find it quite amusing, yet I am all on-board with saving this cat," longtime Cocoa Beach resident Bill Geiger said.
Hernandez hopes Brevard County Animal Services or Cocoa Beach city leaders will take action and save the cat before it's too late.
"You never know. The day for the demolition 5 cats could move in. So there's a lot of concern about the kind of control. What are we going to do about cats sneaking in there? How many are in there? We don't know. Hopefully it's just my client," said Hernandez.
He says animal services will be talking to the city to see if they can get access to rescue the cat.
Copyright 2014 by ClickOrlando.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. | <urn:uuid:fee589f3-6d52-4d29-8b91-45d59714b1ae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.clickorlando.com/news/fight-to-save-brevard-glass-bank-cat | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00143-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973649 | 466 | 1.5625 | 2 |
SAN FRANCISCO -- Oracle Corp won a key legal victory against Google Inc on today as a U.S. appeals court decided Oracle could copyright parts of the Java programming language, which Google used to design its Android smartphone operating system.
The case, decided by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in Washington, is being closely watched in Silicon Valley. A high-profile 2012 trial featured testimony from Oracle's chief executive, Larry Ellison, and Google CEO Larry Page, and the legal issues go to the heart of how tech companies protect their most valuable intellectual property.
Google's Android operating system is the world's best-selling smartphone platform. Oracle sued Google in 2010, claiming that Google had improperly incorporated parts of Java into Android. Oracle is seeking roughly $1 billion on its copyright claims.
A San Francisco federal judge had decided that Oracle could not claim copyright protection on parts of Java, but on today the three-judge Federal Circuit panel reversed that ruling.
“We conclude that a set of commands to instruct a computer to carry out desired operations may contain expression that is eligible for copyright protection,” Federal Circuit Judge Kathleen O'Malley wrote.
Oracle said it was “extremely pleased” with the decision.
“The Federal Circuit's opinion is a win for Oracle and the entire software industry that relies on copyright protection to fuel innovation and ensure that developers are rewarded for their breakthroughs,” said Oracle General Counsel Dorian Daley in an email.
Google had no immediate comment.
NOT THE END OF LEGAL DISPUTE
The case examined whether computer language that connects programs - known as application programming interfaces, or APIs - can be copyrighted. At trial in San Francisco, Oracle claimed Google's Android trampled on its rights to the structure of 37 Java APIs.
U.S. District Judge William Alsup ruled that the Java APIs replicated by Google were not subject to copyright protection and were free for all to use. The Federal Circuit disagreed on today, ruled for Oracle and instructed the lower court to reinstate a jury's finding of infringement as to 37 Java API packages.
“We find that the district court failed to distinguish between the threshold question of what is copyrightable - which presents a low bar - and the scope of conduct that constitutes infringing activity,” O'Malley wrote.
The unanimous Federal Circuit panel ordered further proceedings before Alsup to decide whether Google's actions were protected under fair use.
Google had argued that software should only be allowed to be patented, not copyrighted. However, O'Malley wrote that the Federal Circuit is bound to respect copyright protection for software, “until either the Supreme Court or Congress tells us otherwise.”
The case in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit is Oracle America Inc vs. Google Inc, 13-1021.
Guidelines: Please keep your comments smart and civil. Don't attack other readers personally, and keep your language decent. Comments that violate these standards, or our privacy statement or visitor's agreement, are subject to being removed and commenters are subject to being banned. To post comments, you must be a registered user on toledoblade.com. To find out more, please visit the FAQ. | <urn:uuid:b9c7beed-42c7-469a-a669-7f6363686abb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.toledoblade.com/Technology/2014/05/09/Oracle-wins-copyright-ruling-against-Google-over-Android.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00060-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943847 | 665 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Eyelash conditioner – composition and effects
Eyelash conditioners thicken the lash lines, make them grow faster, and make them longer and thicker. Additionally, they deepen their natural color. On store shelves, you’ll find dozens of competitive products, differing in price and composition. A controversial ingredient in many eyelash serums is careprost – an organic substance employed in drops that lower increased pressure levels in people with glaucoma.
Because Careprost eyelash serum may be a drug, like other medicinal substances, it causes many side effects: conjunctival hyperemia, itching, inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva, burning sensation and eye irritation, tearing, decreased vision, and even increased iris pigmentation. And the skin around the cranial orbit. The utilization of eyelash serum-containing Careprost Eyelash Serum should be avoided by pregnant and breastfeeding women, patients undergoing chemotherapy, and other people under 18 years old.
How does Careprost work?
Why does the eyelash serum work after three weeks for a few and after three months for others? Well, because you’ve got to hit the suitable phase of eyelash growth. The eyelash growth cycle is split into five stages, the primary – anagen is that the growth phase, and during this phase, that Buy Careprost will act on the bulbs to form eyelashes that grow longer and thicker. At the same time, about 30% of the eyelashes are in one phase, which implies that, firstly, the effect is also visible on 1/3 of the eyelashes, and secondly, that we don’t should hit the phase when eyelashes grow, because in other stages the bulb is inactive, and also the eyelashes themselves die and fall out.
Each lash will fall out, and even the one stimulated to growth by Careprost. Therefore, to own super long eyelashes all the time, you would like to use eyelash serums all the time. This is often not a marketing ploy, but the physiology of our body.
Effective eyelash serum – what should it consist of?
A good eyelash conditioner allows you to lengthen and thicken eyelashes while ensuring their proper hydration effectively. The eyelash serum will enable you to regenerate damaged hair, increasing its elasticity and resistance to separation. The most effective eyelash conditioner in its formula should contain ingredients that stimulate hair growth, regenerate its structure, and moisturize. The substances most effectively promoting eyelashes include mucopolysaccharide, Careprost Eye Drop and Bimatoprost Online, and glycoproteins that directly affect the hair follicles. Panthenol and biotin show excellent regenerative properties while moisturizing the hair structure.
When is it worth using an eyelash preparation?
Effective eyelash serum may be utilized by any woman who wants to naturally lengthen and increase her eyebrows’ degree, no matter age. Which eyelash serum must you choose? The foremost importance is that the composition, which directly translates into the effectiveness of the cosmetic. The most effective eyelash conditioners contain substances that stimulate the hair roots yet moisturize and nourish the eyelashes’ whole structure. When choosing the correct conditioner, one should listen to, among other things, whether it’s been dermatologically and ophthalmologically tested. Natural plant extracts most frequently have a soothing effect and stop irritation due to using the preparation. The ranking of eyelash conditioners will facilitate you choose the merchandise best suited to your needs.
How often should I take advantage of an eyelash serum?
Even the most straightforward eyelash serum doesn’t work instantly, i.e., after one or two applications. To get a visual improvement within your eyelashes’ appearance and condition, you ought to hold back and, additionally, follow the foundations specified by the manufacturer.
If the manufacturer’s recommendations are followed correctly, perhaps after some weeks, you may see a significant improvement in eyelashes’ thickness and density. They must even be optimally elongated.
However, remember that even the foremost effective eyelash conditioner should be applied only to cleansed eyelashes, preferably with a unique preparation designed to eliminate eye makeup. Correct application is additionally essential. Because the ranking of eyelash conditioners prepared by us presented it, most conditioners are applied in a very way the same as eyeliner. Therefore, start the appliance from the inner fringe of the attention and move to the side. Some conditioners will be applied with a fragile brush. Correct application of a good eyelash serum should make an enormous difference after just some weeks of use and a significant difference after about two months. After this point, a decent eyelash serum should be used again – a minimum of twice per week.
Eyelash conditioners – what do you have to use caution about?
The ranking of eyelash conditioners should facilitate your make the choice about choosing the proper eyelash conditioner. However, remember that not all products available on the market can meet your expectations, and their effectiveness doesn’t should go hand in hand with the value.
Effective eyelash conditioner doesn’t cost plenty, but it should be safe and filled with the right ingredients geared toward protection against eyelash loss.
So, if you do not know which eyelash serum is going to be right for you, first of all, you must confer with the data prepared by the manufacturer. The leaflet should contain information on its composition, properties, intended use, application, and comments.
In the comments section, you should be ready to examine the fragrances and preservatives utilized in the conditioner and the possibility of discoloration along the lash line. To avoid unwanted “surprises,” it’s worth winding up a dermatological test on the hand’s skin, which the manufacturer probably informs about. | <urn:uuid:ac87fd9e-a6a8-4068-a244-1af4bc93094f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://tlwastoria.com/careprost-eyelash-serum-for-long-and-thick-eyelashes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.925973 | 1,223 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Présentation détaillée du projet
On 20th of July 2014 I participated as a student in the “Freedom” project of the European Citizen Campus (ECC) in Viana do Castelo in Portugal.
Photo: The Basilica or Temple of the Sacred Heart of Jesus, better known as Temple of Santa, was built on the hill of Santa Luzia in 1904.
Viana do Castelo is a municipality of about 40,000 inhabitants, located in the Minho region in the North of Portugal. As a young photographer I visited the city, which I liked a lot, particularly through its architecture and impressive monuments. While visiting, I was looking for postcards to send to my family and my friends. However, this mission proved a little difficult, as I found it hard to find postcards which capture the uniqueness and originality of this serene place. Disappointed to not have found what I was looking for, I decided to take the liberty to make my own postcards of Viana do Castelo through which I could convey my own perception of the city.
Photo: The Eiffel Bridge is a steel bridge built by the Eiffel company in 1878, which crosses the Lima River near its mouth, in Viana do Castelo.
Photo: The Eiffel Bridge allows the arrival of the railway into the city. With its 562 meters and two floors for rail and road traffic, it is a major symbol of the Iron Architecture in Portugal. | <urn:uuid:4ecef422-3a9e-4d4f-a295-f33db4af875f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.kisskissbankbank.com/postcards-for-viana-do-castelo | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00252-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972172 | 309 | 2.203125 | 2 |
This study examined peer predictors of variation and growth in depressed mood among high-risk adolescents, using child and parent reports of monthly symptoms. One hundred seventy-six parents and their 10- to 14-year-old children separately took part in a series of up to nine monthly interviews. Multilevel growth models examined both time-varying peer predictors of parent and child reports of the child's depressive symptoms, controlling for age, gender, and treatment status. Deviant peer affiliation significantly predicted elevated depressive symptoms in the monthly child-report of depressed mood, especially for younger adolescents. Children's level of delinquency was significantly related to parent-reported depressive symptoms, and to child-reported symptoms in older adolescents only. As expected, depressed mood was higher for girls and more prevalent among older adolescents. The results suggest that peer processes may be linked in time to the development of depression, especially among high-risk adolescents.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Developmental and Educational Psychology
- Psychiatry and Mental health | <urn:uuid:64a71238-5bc0-4829-8e1f-f288612ce994> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-contribution-of-peers-to-monthly-variation-in-adolescent-depr | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.938939 | 208 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Vermonters Call on Ben & Jerry's To End Complicity with Israel's Occupation and Settlements
Most everybody knows that Ben & Jerry’s makes premium ice cream and champions “Peace” and “Love.” What they don’t know is that this socially responsible business and strong supporter of Occupy Wall Street is making ice cream in Israel and selling it in illegal settlements in Occupied Palestine.
Progressive Except for Palestine
Ben & Jerry’s business practices are tethered to a vibrant Social Mission that commits it to
...meet human needs and eliminate injustices in our local, national and international communities by integrating these concerns into out day-to-day business activities.
…seek and support nonviolent ways to achieve peace and justice.
…show a deep respect for human beings inside and outside our company and for the communities in which they live.
Sadly, Ben & Jerry’s Social Mission seems not to apply to Occupied Palestine. Based on an investigation in 2011, Vermonters for a Just Peace in Palestine Israel (www.vtjp.org) learned that the company is selling ice cream in illegal Israeli settlements in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, and has plans to increase the number of scoop shops in Israel. The company’s also runs an ice cream factory near Kiryat Malachi—like virtually all Israeli towns and cities, it was built on lands confiscated from a Palestinian village forcibly de-populated in 1948.
Trucks that distribute Ben & Jerry’s ice cream travel seamlessly from the factory gates, down the forgotten roads of the Nakba, then on super highways that have systematically eviscerated the “Green Line,” circumventing military checkpoints and roadblocks that torment Palestinians, to arrive at markets in Jewish settlements entrenched on stolen Palestinian land—places like Gilo, Pisgat Ze’ev, Ma’ale Admumim and Mishor Adumim. One of our activists visited these locations in 2011 and found Ben & Jerry’s ice cream for sale. With assistance from a Jewish-Israeli compatriot, we also discovered that Jewish settlers can order a party cart with catering services from the factory.
Ben & Jerry’s is not the most egregious corporate offender in Palestine. But unlike those that are, it has a genuine Social Mission, one with a respectable track record and moral currency that cannot be reconciled with Zionist occupation and colonization. Doing business in Israel and the occupied territory—even the business of ice cream—adds credibility to a racist, violent and unjust status quo. Ben & Jerry’s commercial ventures help “normalize” life for the occupying power and its settlers at a time when millions of Palestinians are denied the right to live normally because, and only because, they are not Jewish.
A Time to Act: Ending Ben & Jerry’s Complicity in Israel’s Occupation
On March 14, 2013, VTJP is launching an international campaign calling on solidarity activists and people of conscience to contact Ben & Jerry’s and urge it to take the following measures until Israel terminates its military occupation and colonization of Palestinian lands in compliance with international law:
1. End the marketing, sales and catering of Ben & Jerry’s products in Israel and Jewish-only settlements in occupied East Jerusalem and the West Bank.
2. Stop manufacturing ice cream in Israel.
3. Issue a statement calling (a) for an end to Israel’s occupation and settlement enterprise and (b) appealing directly to other socially responsible companies to do likewise and to end business operations in Israel and its illegal settlements.
Here is how individuals and organizations can help:
1. Read and circulate our report, Peace, Love & Occupation, about Ben & Jerry’s complicity in Israel’s occupation at www.vtjp.org/icecream.
2. Please endorse this campaign. To do so, just send VTJP an e-mail at: [email protected].
3. Sign a petition at http://salsa.democracyinaction.org/o/641/p/dia/action/public/?action_KEY=12624.
4. Send an e-mail to Ben & Jerry’s CEO Jostein Solheim at www.vtjp.org/icecream/petition.php.
5. Leaflet at Ben & Jerry’s scoop shops on “Free Cone Day.” We’ll let you know when it is. We’ve prepared a leaflet you can use at http://www.vtjp.org/icecream/freecone-trifold.pdf.
6. Donate to our campaign. Send a check to Peace & Justice Center, 60 Lake St., #1C Burlington, VT05401. IMPORTANT: Write “VTJP” in the memo line.
Ben & Jerry’s CEO, Jostein Solheim, said in an interview:
“The world needs dramatic change to address the social and environmental challenges we are facing. Values led businesses can play a critical role in driving that positive change. We need to lead by example, and prove to the world that this is the best way to run a business.”
It’s time for Palestine to be one of the beneficiaries of “dramatic” and “positive” change.” Ben & Jerry’s can help make that possible by severing its commercial ties to Israel, to its military occupation and to its illegal settlement regime.
Read VTJP's report here: http://www.vtjp.org/icecream/VTJP_Report_Peace_Love_and_Occupation.pdf | <urn:uuid:e6505577-0e89-4fff-88a9-0059ed73f39c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bdsmovement.net/news/vermonters-call-ben-jerrys-end-complicity-israels-occupation-and-settlements | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.915105 | 1,195 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Five years ago, the issue of marriage equality became all the more pressing for Anne Tudor and Edie Mayhew. While the couple of more than three decades believe the legalisation of same-sex marriage in Australia is inevitable within their lifetime, there is now an urgency to their hopes for that day to occur.
In early 2010 Mayhew was diagnosed with the most common type of younger onset dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and was told she faced an ongoing deterioration of her memory and learning abilities.
Now that Tudor, 65, and Mayhew, 64, have learned to accept and manage that diagnosis, the pair desperately hope they can marry before Mayhew forgets who Tudor, the love of her life, is.
“We’ve known each other for 40 years, but I was in another relationship when we first met,” Tudor says.
“When that relationship ended, Edie was on my doorstep. She didn’t muck around, and I just loved her. Neither of us have looked sideways at anybody else since.”
This month the Coalition government decided against allowing its members a free vote on same sex marriage during the current parliamentary term.
While the prime minister, Tony Abbott, has said he has no problem with anyone being gay, he opposes equal marriage. And although he remains open to a plebiscite or referendum on the issue should he win the next election, the attorney general, George Brandis, and other senior ministers have rejected that idea.
And last week the former Labor prime minister Julia Gillard was widely criticised by equal marriage advocates for coming out in support of it two years after being in power, when she had the ability to do something about it.
“We would love to get married, so we were really disappointed,” Tudor says.
“But what can you expect from the current government? There was a recent post on Facebook about a couple, two guys in their 80s, and they had been together for something like 60 years, and they want to get married before they die and, you know, it’s just disgraceful that they can’t.”
Tudor’s and Mayhew’s families wish the same for them, having always supported their relationship. “There was never any coming out, because my parents really wanted me to be in a relationship with Edie,” Tudor says. “They always told me they loved her like a daughter and they wanted to see a lot more of her.
“For us, we don’t know the course of Edie’s illness but, generally speaking, [a person] with younger onset dementia does end up having to go into a nursing home with old people,” she says.
“And while we hope that doesn’t happen to Edie for a long time, we could still really enjoy a wedding if we were able to do it soon, we could dress up and Edie would still be able to enjoy it.”
Mayhew is the more quiet and observational of the pair. “When she does have something to say, it’s always important,” Tudor says.
On the issue of marriage, Mayhew quietly says: “Our wedding would be something that is fairly simple, but very meaningful to us both.”
The couple believe shared values, a respect for the other’s independence, and a relationship built on trust have been key to their successful life together. These factors have also helped them to manage Mayhew’s diagnosis, which came when she was just 59 years old.
But Tudor had her suspicions that Alzheimer’s, the same illness which had taken her mother from her, was afflicting Mayhew long before she was officially diagnosed. Having moved from Melbourne to Ballarat to care for her mother through the final years of the disease before she died in 2005, Tudor was all too familiar with the symptoms. It was she who encouraged Mayhew to go to the doctor to get tested.
Tudor remembers two moments in particular that made her really worried. The first was when, as was her routine on a Friday night, Mayhew phoned the local pizza store to order a large capricciosa for them to share.
“What arrived was a small capricciosa,” Tudor says, shaking her head at the memory of it. “I said to her, ‘Why on earth would you order a small?’ and she said, ‘I wasn’t very hungry.’
“I realised I wasn’t there. I wasn’t there in her mind. So that was really bad.”
The other alarming moment was a phone call to Tudor from their bank manager, asking why their credit card hadn’t been paid off for two months and reminding her it was due again.
“I was confused because Edie always paid all the bills, she was wonderful at managing finances,” Tudor says. “I went into the study and into Edie’s desk, and there was a pile high with telephone bills and rates bills and statements overdue. And I thought, ‘They’ve been there for months.’ That’s when I began stepping things up, really urging her to get tested.”
The early symptoms of dementia are often so subtle that to most people, they might look like the mishaps of anyone having a bad day or feeling a bit under the weather.
It is why family members of sufferers, who know the intricacies of their loved one’s behaviour better than most, are often better placed even than doctors to detect the earliest signs of disease and to advocate for testing.
In younger onset Alzheimer’s in particular, which affects people as young as in their 30s, dementia is often the last thing healthcare providers look for in their patients, who in the early stages of the illness may suffer frustratingly vague symptoms such as mood changes, lethargy, misplacing objects and difficulty following directions.
But early diagnosis is also crucial. It allows people time to learn about their diagnosis and plan ahead while still in an overall healthy condition, and to make explicit their wishes for treatment (though there is no curative treatment) and their future.
“We went through an enormous sense of grief and loss, we had plans for our retirement and for travel which we had to reassess,” Tudor says.
“But if you think of anybody that you know who’s had to face great adversity, most people rise to the occasion. Edie had to stop her work as a driving instructor, which she loved, and I began to wind back my work as a psychologist so that I could spend more time with her, and I have now retired as well.
“You do a lot of work in those first couple of years after diagnosis, laying the foundations for the future, and I think what’s happened as a result is that each of us has grown as people.”
Mayhew describes it by saying: “Our hearts are bigger.”Tuder agrees: “We’ve always had enormous respect for each other, and now that trust and respect is just enormous.
“The way Edie is handling her dementia is extraordinary, in my view, and I try to match what I do to what she does, she says. In that sense, it’s brought out the best in us.”
The years since diagnosis have been busy. Mayhew and Tudor have renovated their home to make it easier for them to manage; they’ve travelled to China, Botswana and Vietnam, knowing such trips will become increasingly less likely as the illness progresses; and have become involved with Alzheimer’s Australia and younger onset dementia support groups. Marriage remains on their “to do” list.
Later this month Mayhew will deliver a speech to the Let’s Talk About Sex conference in Melbourne, which will examine how relationships and intimacy develop and change with age. She will use the conference as an opportunity to raise awareness of younger onset dementia, which affects approximately 24,500 Australians, and to reflect on the elements of her relationship with Tudor which have made it so successful.
“With my Alzheimer’s I don’t remember a lot of things, but I do know that the most important thing to me is our deep love for each other,” Mayhew says.
“I can honestly say I have never felt more contented in my life. I don’t feel anger, or frustration, or fear or regret at all. I don’t have bad memories. I just feel love.” | <urn:uuid:0381528e-0e75-4c9a-be3a-72d3288af101> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2015/sep/01/the-couple-desperate-for-marriage-equality-before-alzheimers-takes-hold | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.984211 | 1,843 | 1.945313 | 2 |
ESA ISS Science & System - Operations Status Report # 91, Increment 27
This is ISS status report #91 from the European Space Agency outlining ESA’s science-related activities that have taken place on the ISS during the past two weeks for different European experiments and experiment facilities.
The report is compiled by ESA’s ISS Utilisation Department in cooperation with ESA’s Columbus and Payload Operations Management and Mission Science teams from the ISS Utilisation Department.
ISS Utilisation Programme
The principal focus of the European utilisation of the ISS is the Columbus laboratory, which was launched and permanently attached to the ISS in February 2008. In addition to the science taking place using the internal and external experiment facilities of the Columbus laboratory, ESA also has some further ongoing research taking place inside the Russian Segment of the ISS and in the US Destiny and Japanese Kibo laboratories. The current status of the European science package on the ISS is as follows:
European science and research facilities inside the Columbus Laboratory
NB: ISS research activities have been at a reduced level in the two-week reporting period awaiting the next Soyuz to again restore the full crew complement of six with the arrival of the additional three ISS Expedition 27 crew members at the ISS on 7 April.
Biolab and experiments
No activities were carried out using the Biolab facility in the two weeks until 8 April. Biolab is a multi-user facility designed to support biological experiments on micro-organisms, cells, tissue cultures, small plants and small invertebrates. Due to the still ongoing functional recovery activities for the Biolab facility the TripleLux experiments’ planning was revised and TripleLux-A was de-manifested from the ULF-6 / STS-134 flight mainly due to the Biolab microscope failure which will be returned from the ISS on ULF-6 / STS-134 and repaired on ground. The objective of the TripleLux experiments is to further understand the cellular mechanisms underlying the aggravation of radiation responses, and the impairment of the immune function under spaceflight conditions.
European Drawer Rack
No major activities were carried out using the European Drawer Rack facility in the two weeks until 8 April. The European Drawer Rack is a multi-user experiment facility which will also host the Facility for Adsorption and Surface Tension (FASTER) and the Electro-Magnetic Levitator payload from 2012 onwards. FASTER is a Capillarity Pressure Tensiometer developed for the study of the links between emulsion stability and physico-chemical characteristics of droplet interfaces. The Electro-Magnetic Levitator will investigate thermophysical properties of metal alloys under weightlessness, supporting both basic and namely industrial research and development needs.
Fluid Science Laboratory and Geoflow-2 / FASES experiments
The Fluid Science Laboratory (FSL) has been active in the two week period until 8 April to undertake activities for the Geoflow-2 experiment, which has been undergoing experiment processing in the Fluid Science Laboratory since 21 March. Geoflow-2 run 4 was started on 28 March and completed the following day. Geoflow-2 (which follows on from the Geoflow experiment with new scientific objectives and a different experiment configuration) is investigating the flow of an incompressible viscous fluid held between two concentric spheres rotating about a common axis as a representation of a planet. This is of importance for astrophysical and geophysical problems such as global scale flow in the atmosphere, the oceans, and in the liquid nucleus of planets. For Geoflow-2 the incompressible fluid will be nonanol and not silicon oil as in the first Geoflow experiment. Nonanol varies in viscosity with temperature (unlike silicon oil) to provide a different aspect of research with more of a simulation to Earth’s geophysical conditions.
These first runs of Geoflow-2 have involved a non-rotation (or very low rotation) at the lowest possible temperature (20 deg C) at the outer sphere and a 6.5 kV central force field to simulate a gravitational effect. The temperature gradient from outside to inside was varied in each of the experiment runs. Good interferometric images have already been received on ground. Two subsequent experiment runs were started on 29 March, one with similar conditions as stated above and a second with the highest possible temperature (30.5 deg C) at the outer sphere. These runs were interrupted due to thermal regulation anomaly issues that are being analysed on ground. The Geoflow-2 science runs form part of an exhaustive scientific programme of experiment processing which will last a couple of months.
The subsequently planned Fluid Science Laboratory experiment “Fundamental and Applied Studies of Emulsion Stability” (FASES) has been undergoing extensive science testing using the flight sample cells in the Engineering Model of the Fluid Science Laboratory at the MARS User Support and Operations Centre (USOC) in Naples, Italy. These tests allowed a full proof of scientific verification of the emulsions’ composition and the optical diagnostics’ adjustment. The execution of the FASES experiment will require the upgrade of the FSL Video Management Unit which will be tentatively returned to Earth by ULF-7 / STS-135 for the upgrade implementation, after the execution of the GeoFlow-2 experiment. The flight of the FASES Experiment Container will now be rescheduled to a later Progress launch in 2012. This experiment will be studying emulsion properties with advanced optical diagnostics. Results of the FASES experiment hold significance for oil extraction processes, and in the chemical and food industries.
European Physiology Modules facility and related experiments
No activities were carried out using the European Physiology Modules facility in the two weeks until 8 April. The European Physiology Modules facility is equipped with different Science Modules to investigate the effects of long-duration spaceflight on the human body. Experiment results from the European Physiology Modules will contribute to an increased understanding of terrestrial problems such as the ageing process, osteoporosis, balance disorders, and muscle atrophy.
The Dose Distribution inside the ISS (DOSIS) experiment is progressing well during its time on orbit, with the instrument still acquiring data using one of the active DOSTEL detectors (DOSTEL-2) in the European Physiology Modules facility. The passive detectors for DOSIS were already deinstalled and returned to earth on STS-132 Shuttle Atlantis, after which they were sent to the research team to undergo scientific analyses. The DOSIS experiment determines the nature and distribution of the radiation field inside European Columbus laboratory using different active and passive detectors spread around the laboratory. This is the first time that 'area dosimetry' has been undertaken on Columbus to measure the spatial radiation gradients inside the module.
3D Space Experiment
Equipment for the 3D Space experiment (laptop with prepared hard disk, mouse pen and tablet) was set up in the Columbus laboratory by ISS Flight Engineer Catherine Coleman on 4 April. Hereafter Coleman and ESA astronaut and ISS Flight Engineer Paolo Nespoli carried out their fourth sessions of the 3D Space experiment. Data was downlinked and received at the CADMOS User Support and Operations Centre in Toulouse, France the following day. This human physiology study investigates the effects of weightlessness on the mental representation of visual information during and after spaceflight. Accurate perception is a prerequisite for spatial orientation and reliable performance of tasks in space. The experiment has different elements including investigations of perception of depth and distance carried out using a virtual reality headset and standard psychophysics tests.
Pulmonary Function System (in Human Research Facility 2)
No activities were carried out using the Pulmonary Function System in the two weeks until 8 April. The Pulmonary Function System is accommodated in NASA’s Human Research Facility 2, which was relocated from the US Destiny laboratory to the Columbus laboratory in October 2008. The Pulmonary Function System is an ESA/NASA collaboration in respiratory physiology instrumentation, which analyses exhaled gas from astronauts' lungs to provide near-instant data on the state of crew health.
European Modular Cultivation System
The cell culture chambers for the Genara-A experiment (which already took place in the European Modular Cultivation System in mid 2010) are back with the science teams following their return to Earth on STS-133 Shuttle Discovery, which landed on 9 March. Genara-A is studying plant (Arabidopsis) growth at molecular level in weightlessness. This will help to better understand gravitropism and to find plant systems that compensate for the negative impact on plant growth in space. The tentative next experiment in the European Modular Cultivation System is a NASA experiment, SeedGrowth. The next ESA experiment is the Gravi-2 experiment which is currently scheduled in the October/November 2011 timeframe. Gravi-2 builds on the Gravi experiment in determining the gravity threshold response in plant (lentil) roots.
EXPRESS Rack 3, in which the European Modular Cultivation System is located, had been active since 28 February in order to take structural dynamics data (in connection with the Geoflow-2 experiment) using its Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS). The SAMS sensors were powered down on 30 March. The following day the SAMS Electronics Enclosure was moved to the seat track of the European-built Microgravity Science Glovebox in the US Laboratory
The European Modular Cultivation System, which was flown to the ISS in July 2006, is dedicated to biological experiments such as the effects of gravity on cells, roots and physiology of plants and simple animals. It was developed by ESA and is being operated jointly with NASA under a bilateral barter agreement which was renewed after the initial 2 years time frame.
Muscle Atrophy Research and Exercise System (MARES)
No activities were carried out using the Muscle Atrophy Research and Exercise System (MARES) in the two weeks until 8 April. Once the facility is fully commissioned it will be used for undertaking neuromuscular and exercise research on the International Space Station. MARES is capable of assessing the strength of isolated human muscle groups around joints to provide a better understanding of the effects of weightlessness on the muscular system of ISS astronauts.
Following completion of an electrical checkout of the system (i.e. with no functional testing), MARES will be placed in its on-orbit stowage configuration. In the future this will be tentatively followed up by functional testing of MARES in two parts: the first part without a crew member using the system, the second functional testing with a crew member in the loop using the system. These two commissioning parts will include testing of hardware and software as well as testing downlink capabilities.
MARES consists of an adjustable chair with a system of pads and levers that fit to each astronaut and cover different movements, a main box containing the facility motor and control electronics to which the chair is connected by an articulated arm, as well as dedicated experiment software. The system is considerably more advanced than equivalent ground-based devices and a vast improvement on current muscle research facilities on the ISS.
Coloured Fungi In Space
The dry spore biocontainer for the Coloured Fungi In Space experiment remains on orbit and is scheduled to return with Soyuz 26S in September 2011. This follows the return of the three live culture biocontainers for the short-term part of the experiment with STS-133 which landed on 9 March. The Coloured Fungi In Space experiment is undertaking an examination of the survival and growth of different coloured fungi species, which can be relevant to spacecraft contamination, panspermia and planetary protection issues.
European science and research facilities outside the Columbus laboratory in open space
The new Sun visibility window for the SOLAR facility to acquire data opened on 27 March. Sun visibility windows for SOLAR are open when the ISS is in the correct orbital profile with relation to the Sun. The Sun visibility window closed on 6 April. During this period of Sun observation the SOLAR facility was put in a safe (non-observation) configuration during the unberthing of the Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV-2) from the Station on 28 March. SOLAR was placed back in observation mode thereafter.
The SOLAR payload facility has been studying the Sun’s irradiation with unprecedented accuracy across most of its spectral range currently for around 3 years on-orbit. This has so far produced excellent scientific data during a series of Sun observation cycles. Following the conclusion of the detailed technical feasibility study for on-orbit lifetime extension the science team will be able to continue gathering further science data in a period of increasing solar activity up to 2013 and possibly beyond.
Vessel Identification System (Vessel ID)
Successful data acquisition is ongoing for the Vessel Identification System (commonly known as the Automatic Identification System, AIS), using its Norwegian receiver, and telemetry is still being successfully received by the Norwegian User Support and Operation Centre (N-USOC) in Trondheim via ESA’s Columbus Control Centre in Germany. The Vessel Identification System has acquired an extensive amount of data in the past months since its installation in Columbus.
The Vessel Identification System consists of the two different on-board receivers (NORAIS and LuxAIS), which were scheduled to be alternated every three months or so, and the ERNO-Box, which is used as a data relay for the Vessel Identification System, whose antenna was installed on the outside of Columbus during an EVA on 21 November 2009. The Vessel Identification System is testing the means to track global maritime traffic from space by picking up signals from standard AIS transponders carried by all international ships over 300 tonnes, cargo vessels over 500 tonnes and all types of passenger carriers. Meanwhile various service entities have been asking to get access to the VIS data which is continuously acquired on Columbus.
European science inside the US Destiny Laboratory
Material Science Laboratory in the Material Science Research Rack
The final first batch MICAST sample which completed processing in the Solidification and Quenching Furnace of the Materials Science Laboratory on 20 January is awaiting handover to the science team in the near future prior to undergoing analysis, following return to Earth on STS-133 Shuttle Discovery which landed on 9 March. This sample followed an additional twelve CETSOL/MICAST experiment samples that had already been processed in the Low Gradient Furnace (which was replaced with the Solidification and Quenching Furnace earlier in January) with analysis undertaken by the relevant science teams on ground. The second batch of CETSOL/MICAST samples will be the next to be processed in the Materials Science Laboratory Solidification and Quenching Furnace along with samples for the SETA experiment.
Microgravity Science Glovebox and associated experiments
ESA astronaut and ISS Flight Engineer Paolo Nespoli activated the Microgravity Science Glovebox on 29 March and replaced a faulty cable associated with the Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS). He also realigned a camera lens of NASA’s Boiling eXperiment Facility inside for upcoming experiment activities. Over the course of the following days until 6 April Nespoli serviced the Boiling eXperiment Facility, replacing media in digital and analogue recorders. Activities started with the Microheater Array Boiling Experiment or MABE (which did not need SAMS measurements, as the cable replacement did not solve the related problem). A SAMS sensor unit was relocated to the Microgravity Science Glovebox on 31 April. Activities could then continue with both the MABE and Nucleate Pool Boiling Experiments (the second of which needed SAMS measurements).
The flash disks for the SODI-Colloid experiment which took place in the Microgravity Science Glovebox in September/October 2010 have now been sent to the science team following return to Earth on STS-133 Shuttle Discovery, which landed on 9 March. The Colloid experiment covers the study on growth and properties of advanced photonic materials within colloidal solutions. The focus is on materials that have a special interest in photonics, with emphasis on nano-structured, periodic dielectric materials, known as photonic crystals, which possess appealing properties and make them promising candidates for new types of optical components. Colloid is the second in the series of three SODI experiments and further experiment runs may be resumed later during 2011. The first SODI experiment performed in the Microgravity Science Glovebox was IVIDIL (Influence of Vibrations on Diffusion in Liquids), which was successfully completed on 20 January 2010. The subsequent DSC experiment (‘Diffusion and Soret Coefficient Measurements for Improvement of Oil Recovery’) will be the third and final SODI experiment processed in the Microgravity Science Glovebox which is now tentatively foreseen towards the end of 2011 after the implementation of the partially re-defined liquid mixtures in conjunction with the new ELIPS project DCMIX. Further batches of DSC experiments and potentially additional runs of the Colloid experiment are planned for 2012.
The Microgravity Science Glovebox was developed by ESA within a barter agreement with NASA. The Glovebox provides the ability to perform a wide range of experiments in the fields of material science, biotechnology, fluid science, combustion science and crystal growth research, in a fully sealed and controlled environment.
Portable Pulmonary Function System
No activities were carried out using the Portable Pulmonary Function System in the two weeks until 4 April. The Portable Pulmonary Function System is an autonomous multi-user facility supporting a broad range of human physiological research experiments under weightless conditions in the areas of respiratory, cardiovascular and metabolic physiology.
European science inside the Japanese Kibo Laboratory
Passive radiation dosimeters for the Matroshka experiment, which took place in the Kibo laboratory and returned to earth on Soyuz 24S on 16 March have now been returned to DLR in Cologne, Germany for analysis. ESA’s Matroshka payload had been located in the Japanese Kibo laboratory since 4 May 2010 to continuously acquire data about the radiation environment inside the ISS. The accumulated radiation levels were being measured using the passive radiation dosimeters (including PADLES type from JAXA) which were installed inside the Matroshka Phantom, which simulates a human body (head and torso). In the long-term Matroshka may again be accommodated on an external ISS platform to measure cosmic radiation levels in Low Earth Orbit which are of relevance for EVA activities. The Matroshka payload has now been relocated in the Russian segment of the ISS.
European science inside the Russian ISS Segment
GTS-2 (Global Transmission Service)
The Global Transmission Service was deactivated on 31 May 2009 though following negotiations with Russian representatives, the instrument will be tentatively reactivated in the near future for continuation of the so-called test mode as a cooperative European-Russian experiment on the ISS. This experiment is intended to test the receiving conditions of a time and data signal for dedicated receivers on the ground. The time signal distributed by the GTS has special coding to allow the receiver to determine the local time anywhere on the Earth without user intervention. The main scientific objectives of the experiment are to verify under real space operation conditions: the performance and accuracy of a time signal transmitted to the Earth’s surface from low Earth orbit; the signal quality and data rates achieved on the ground; and measurement of disturbing effects such as Doppler shifts, multi-path reflections, shadowing and elevation impacts.
Additional European science outside the ISS in open space
The deintegrated sample trays for the Expose-R facility are being disassembled at the Microgravity User Support Centre (MUSC) located at the DLR German Aerospace Centre in Cologne, Germany and experiment samples are being prepared for return to the science teams. The sample trays were returned to Earth on STS-133/ULF-5 Shuttle Discovery which landed on 9 March.
The Expose-R payload was retrieved in the frame of a Russian EVA on 21 January. It was installed outside the Zvezda Service Module during the Russian- based spacewalk on 10 March 2009, and concluded science acquisition following almost 2 years of exposure to the harsh open space environment (Solar UV, cosmic radiation, vacuum). The facility had been functioning extremely well and continuously acquiring scientific data during this time.
Expose-R hosted a suite of nine new astrobiology experiments (eight from ESA, one from IBMP, Moscow), some of which could help understand how life originated on Earth. The experiments were accommodated in three special sample trays, which were loaded with a variety of biological samples including plant seeds and spores of bacteria, fungi and ferns.
The individual Expose-R experiments have been as follows:
- AMINO: Photochemical processing of amino acids and other organic compounds in Earth orbit
- ENDO: Response of endolithic organisms to space conditions
- OSMO: Exposure of osmophilic microbes to the space environment
- SPORES: Spores in artificial meteorites
- PHOTO: Measurements of vacuum and solar radiation-induced DNA damages within spores
- SUBTIL: Mutational spectra of Bacillus subtilis spores and plasmid DNA exposed to high vacuum and solar UV radiation in the space environment
- PUR: Responses of Phage T7, Phage DNA and polycrystalline uracil to the space environment
- ORGANIC: Evolution of organic matter in space
- IMBP: Exposure of resting stages of terrestrial organisms to space conditions.
Expose-R complements the first exobiology science package that was performed in Expose-E, a twin facility which had been in operation on ESA’s EuTEF facility outside of Columbus since February 2008 until EuTEF’s return to Earth with the STS-128/17A Shuttle Flight in September 2009.
In addition a new exobiology experiment complement (three European and one Russian) for the tentative Expose-R2 mission has been identified and the joint implementation discussions for a collaborative undertaking with the Russian partners is commencing.
Non-European science and research facilities inside the Columbus Laboratory
Human Research Facility 1
During the two-week period until 25 March activities were carried out using NASA’s Human Research Facility 1 with the support of ESA’s Columbus Control Centre in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. Actiwatch data for NASA’s Sleep experiment was downlinked on 28 March.
Human Research Facility 2
Human Research Facility 2 was activated on 31 March for blood processing. Paolo Nespoli acted as Crew Medical Officer in taking blood samples for ISS Flight Engineer Catherine Coleman for NASA’s Nutrition/Repository/Pro K protocol. Samples were centrifuged in the facility’s Refrigerated Centrifuge before being stowed in one of the European-built MELFI freezers. Activities were supported by the Columbus Control Centre.
ISS general system information and activities *
Columbus laboratory and Columbus Control Centre
In addition to the Columbus experiment facilities mentioned above, the Columbus systems have been working well. Some regular maintenance activities have been executed by the crew and the Flight Control Team on top of the regular conferences of the ISS Crew with the Columbus Control Centre in Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. In addition on 8 April NASA astronaut and ISS Flight Engineer Ron Garan adjusted a video camera in Columbus before installing the “Hydrocyclone” device on to Water Pump Assembly 2 in order to degas its water loop.
Activities of ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli
System and payload activities
During the last two weeks in addition to what is stated in the rest of the report, ESA astronaut and ISS Flight Engineer Paolo Nespoli: disconnected the Low Temperature Loop return line of the Carbon Dioxide Removal Assembly in the US laboratory in connection with Russian C02 scrubber performance testing; replaced a battery and zero calibrated the Compound Specific Analyzer-Combustion Products prime unit (which monitors cabin atmosphere to provide quick response during a fire); initiated one run of the Air Quality Monitor, used for identifying volatile organic compounds in the ISS cabin atmosphere; relocated the Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter, one of the principal radiation measurement devices on the ISS, from the US laboratory to the Russian Service Module; inspected hatch seals in the US segment of the ISS as part of regular Atmospheric Control System maintenance; and zero calibrated two new Compound Specific Analyzer-Oxygen instruments.
In addition to the European science programme detailed above ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli has carried out additional science activities in support of the science programmes of ESA’s ISS partners. This included: being a subject for NASA’s ‘Reaction Self Test’ experiment which looks into how planned sleep shift for ISS crews affects performance; and servicing the Earth Knowledge Acquired by Middle School Students (EarthKAM) equipment in the US laboratory by replacing batteries several times during orbital night when no images were being captured.
Health status activities
The crew undertake health status checks on a regular basis. During the past two weeks Paolo Nespoli was the subject of: a NASA Periodic Fitness Evaluation which checks on blood pressure and ECG measurements during exercise. In addition Nespoli acted as Crew Medical Officer for Roscosmos cosmonaut and ISS Commander Dmitry Kondratyev for undertaking a periodic Russian health test with the Russian “Study of the Bioelectric Activity of the Heart at Rest” cardiological experiment.
During the last two weeks Nespoli and the other ISS crew members have had their regular Planning Conferences with ESA’s Columbus Control Centre as well as Mission Control in Houston and Moscow, and the Japanese Flight Control Team at the Tsukuba Space Centre. Nespoli also: unpacked cargo delivered on Progress 41P; undertook an emergency depressurisation training exercise together with Kondratyev and Coleman on 29 March; took part in a teleconference on 31 March with Kondratyev and Coleman and with the other three Expedition 27 crew members prior to their launch; reactivated the Service Module amateur radio equipment which had been deactivated for Soyuz 26S rendezvous and docking (see below). With relation to public affairs activities Nespoli supported an event at the European Astronaut Centre in Cologne on 30 March in connection with the ‘Mission X – Train Like An Astronaut’ education activity (together with NASA astronaut and ISS Flight Engineer Catherine Coleman); took part in a MagISStra mission News Conference via live link to ESA’s ESRIN location in Frascati, Italy; and supported three Russian public affairs events on 6 April with Coleman and Kondratyev, downlinking messages in connection with Cosmonautics Day on 8 April and anniversary celebrations for the 50th anniversary of Yuri Gagarin’s flight on 12 April 1961. In addition Nespoli used the Service Module amateur radio equipment on numerous occasions in the two-week reporting period to conduct live radio sessions with students respectively at: the Comprensivo "G.Manzi", Civitavecchia, in Rome, Italy; the Istituto Tecnico Industriale Statale "Enrico Fermi," in Lucca, Italy; and the Scuola Primaria III Circolo "Tiro a Segno," in Fermo, Italy.
Activities in the European-built Node 3
In the two weeks until 8 April, in addition to regular use, inspection and servicing of the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device and T2/COLBERT treadmill in which ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli was involved, Catherine Coleman checked that the T2 treadmill’s grounding strap was securely fastened and showed no damage.
Regenerative ECLSS and Additional Environmental Control Racks
The two Water Recovery System racks, together with the Oxygen Generation System rack, form the Regenerative Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) which is necessary in support of a six-person ISS Crew to help reduce upload mass. Other environmental control racks in Node 3 include an Atmosphere Revitalisation Rack and a Waste and Hygiene Compartment. Highlights of the past two weeks include:
Water Recovery System Sampling
ESA astronaut Paolo Nespoli carried out periodic Water Recovery System sampling on 29 March and 5 April using the Total Organic Carbon Analyzer.
Waste and Hygiene Compartment
On 29 March ESA astronaut and ISS Flight Engineer Paolo Nespoli carried out standard replacement of elements (urine receptacle, insert filter) of the Waste and Hygiene Compartment in Node 3 before performing a functionality check. On 4 April troubleshooting on the Waste and Hygiene Compartment was successfully performed by ISS Flight Engineer Catherine Coleman as there has been a problem of filling the flush water tank and there was indication that there was a restriction or blockage.
Oxygen Generation System
On 6 April Nespoli and Coleman measured the conductivity (pH value) of a sample collected from the Oxygen Generation System recirculation loop collected early in March. This was in connection with remedying the low pH issue of the recirculation loop which had limited the running time of the Oxygen Generation System.
- Water Recovery System Sampling
HTV-2 Undocking Preparations
In preparation for undocking of the Japanese H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV-2) Nespoli and Coleman activated the Re-Entry Breakup Recorder, a kind of black box in the HTV for recording re-entry data, and removed HTV smoke detectors, portable fire extinguishers, breathing apparatus and Restraint and Mobility Aids for reuse. Hereafter the two astronauts: closed the HTV hatch; installed control panel assemblies at the Node 2 nadir (Earth-facing) hatch where HTV-2 is docked; removed ventilation, atmosphere revitalisation, secondary power and data lines; and partially installed HTV thermal blankets.
After installing the crew restraint and activating the robotic workstation, in the European-built Cupola module on 28 March, Nespoli and Coleman disconnected the primary power line to HTV-2, finished installing the thermal covers and centre disk cover before closing the nadir Node 2 hatch. Hereafter the inter-hatch vestibule was depressurised, a leak check was undertaken, the docking mechanism bolts were removed and latches deployed. Nespoli and Coleman used the Station’s principal robotic arm to grapple HTV-2, which was then unberthed from the ISS at 15:43 (CEST). HTV-2 was moved by robotic arm to its release position before being released at 17:45 (CEST). HTV-2 went through its deorbit burn early in the morning of 29 March and went through a planned destructive re-entry into earth’s atmosphere.
After HTV-2 was undocked Nespoli and Coleman parked the Station’s robotic arm. On 29 March Coleman disassembled the HTV Control Panel and placed it in stowage.
STS-134/ULF-6 Shuttle Endeavour Mission Activities
During the two week period until 8 April Nespoli and Coleman carried out extensive activities in the US Airlock in preparation for the four upcoming STS-134 spacewalks. This included discharge/recharge maintenance on EVA batteries; relocating, configuring and resizing the Extravehicular Mobility Units or EMUs (the US EVA spacesuits); degassing relevant EVA water supplies; partially dumping and refilling EMU water supplies on two units; checking out Simplified Aid For EVA Rescue (SAFER) units, propulsive units for use during EVAs in the unlikely event that an astronaut becomes untethered from the ISS; inspecting EVA tethers; regenerating metal oxide canisters used for removing carbon dioxide from the EVA suits during spacewalks; filming the inside of the Airlock for instructional purposes for the STS-134 crew; and gathering and configuring EVA tools. This included assembling 4 EVA grease guns, and functionally checking out three Pistol Grip Tools.
Shuttle R-bar Pitch Manoeuvre Preparations
On 30 March Nespoli undertook an R-bar Pitch Manoeuvre training session, taking images of the ground with a digital still camera with an 800mm lense. This exercise is in preparation for photographing the STS-134/ULF-6 Shuttle during its pitch manoeuvre during rendezvous and docking. During the manoeuvre at a distance of about 180 m from the Station, the photographers will only have around 90 seconds to take high-resolution digital photographs of all thermal protection tile areas and door seals on Shuttle Endeavour, to be downlinked for launch debris assessment.
Catherine Coleman carried out a robotics training session on 5 April using the ROBoT training equipment to simulate a task during STS-134 spacewalk 2 of Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator / Latching End Effector lubrication.
Soyuz TMA-21/26S, Expedition 27 Crew Launch and Docking
Soyuz TMA-21 launch and docking
The remaining three members of the ISS Expedition 27 Crew were successfully launched together in the Soyuz TMA-21 “Yuri Gagarin” spacecraft on flight 26S to the ISS on 5 April at 00:18 CEST (04:18 local time) from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The Soyuz crew consisted of Soyuz Commander and Roscosmos cosmonaut Alexander Samokutyaev and NASA astronaut Ron Garan, both of whom will be Flight Engineers for ISS Expeditions 27 and 28, and Roscosmos cosmonaut Andrey Borisenko who will be a Flight Engineer for ISS Expedition 27 and Commander of ISS Expedition 28. Following orbital insertion, Soyuz TMA antennas and solar arrays were deployed and various orbital burns were carried out over the following two days to bring the Soyuz in the vicinity of the ISS to begin docking procedures. Prior to Soyuz TMA-21 docking the ISS crew configured relevant communications and video equipment. The Soyuz spacecraft docked successfully with the Russian “Poisk” Mini Research Module 2 on 7 April at 01:09 (CEST) bringing the crew of the ISS once again up to a total of six.
Soyuz TMA-21 post-docking activities
ISS attitude control was handed back from Russian to US systems after docking. Video of the docking and structural dynamics measurements were downlinked by the crew and the standard leak check between the Soyuz and the ISS was carried out. On completion the hatches were opened and the usual crew greeting took place. Quick disconnect clamps were installed at the interface between the Soyuz and the ISS to further stabilise the connection. Samokutyaev set up the three Sokol spacesuits and their gloves for drying out, and he deactivated the Soyuz spacecraft. The standard crew safety briefing followed. The Russian crew members then started transfer of high priority cargo to the ISS.
Minus-Eighty degree Laboratory Freezer for the ISS (MELFI)
There are three European-built MELFI freezers on the ISS: MELFI-1 and MELFI-2 in the Japanese laboratory and MELFI-3 in the US laboratory. Paolo Nespoli and Catherine Coleman inserted numerous ice bricks (+4 deg C and -32 deg C) and half box modules into MELFI units on orbit between 26 March and 8 April in connection with upcoming conditioned storage requirements. Blood and urine samples for Catherine Coleman were also placed in MELFI for NASA’s NUTRITION/Repository/Pro K protocol.
ISS Debris Avoidance Manoeuvre/Orbital Debris
Orbital debris generated from the collision between the Russian Cosmos 2251 and US Iridium 33 communications satellites in 2009 was being monitored at the end of March for the possibility of it coming in close proximity to the ISS. Following continued observation the ISS undertook a Debris Avoidance Manoeuvre on 2 April at 04:36 (CEST) using the thrusters of the ATV docked at the aft port of the Russian Service Module. The reboost, which lasted 3 min 18 s, increased the velocity of the ISS by 0.49 m/s and raised its altitude by 0.85 km. Hereafter additional debris from a Chinese Feng-yun satellite and from a Chinese CZ-2C rocket was also being monitored though eventually no evasive action was necessary.
Other activities that have taken place on the ISS in the two-week period until 4 April include: replacing frames and filter cartridges of Service Module ventilation system dust collectors; transferring cargo delivered on Progress 41P; replacing an electronic data transmission device in the Japanese laboratory; a new software load of the Rack Interface Computer in EXPRESS Rack 6 in the US laboratory; testing NASA Viewer application software on a laptop in the Russian Zarya Module; replacing two low noise ventilation fans in the Russian Rassvet Module and carrying out acoustic measurements before and after; troubleshooting the Microgravity Measurement Apparatus in the Japanese Kobairo rack; relocating and installing the General Laboratory Active Cryogenic ISS Experiment Refrigerator (GLACIER) into EXPRESS Rack 6; replacing a separator of the Condensate Separation and Pumping Unit (in the Service Module Condensate Water Processor); replacing ventilation fans in the Russian Service Module; and replacing parts in the Service Module toilet.
(*)These activities are highlights of the past two weeks and do not include the majority of standard periodic operational/maintenance activities on the ISS or additional research activities not mentioned previously. Information compiled with the assistance of NASA sources.
ESA Head of ISS Utilisation Department
ESA Human Spaceflight Programme Communication Officer
Weekly reports compiled by ESA's ISS Utilisation Department.
Fill in your name and email address below to receive a notification when the latest status report is made available online. | <urn:uuid:56b780b2-eecb-4467-aa57-dcedf0a6abe1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/Columbus/ESA_ISS_Science_System_-_Operations_Status_Report_91_Increment_27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00020-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929714 | 7,885 | 2.109375 | 2 |
As the Moore line is moving back generation by generation, we have reached the immigrant ancestor of this family – John Moore.
His origins aren’t known, but he was born c1600 in England and may well be the John Moore who lived in Henham, Essex, England in the 1620s. This man was married to Elizabeth (MNU), who died between 1630 and 1633. They had three children whose baptisms appear in Henham church records, although the third child, a daughter, lived but a short time.
On 27 November 1633 at Little Gaddesden, Hertfordshire, John Moore married (probably as his second wife) Elizabeth Rice, the daughter of Henry Rice and Elizabeth Frost. She was baptized on 18 November 1612 at Stansted, Essex, England.
Given that the two surviving children of John and this first Elizabeth also settled in Massachusetts and were named in his will, it seems quite certain that John Moore did, indeed, marry twice.
John and Elizabeth had been living in Berkhamstead, Hertfordshire for almost ten years when they decided to move to Massachusetts and settled in Sudbury, where they spent the rest of their lives.
John Moore died on 6 January 1673/74 and Elizabeth died on 14 December 1690, both in Sudbury.
Children (with Elizabeth (MNU) in Henham:
1. Elizabeth, born c1626, probably Henham, Essex, England; died 25 August 1705, Framingham, Middlesex, Massachusetts; married Henry Rice, 1 January 1643/44, Sudbury, Middlesex, Massachusetts.
2. John, baptized 11 November 1628, Henham, Essex, England; died befre 23 September 1702, Lancaster, Worcester, Massachusetts; married (1) Ann Smith, 16 November 1654, sudbury, Middlesex, Massachusetts (2) Mary (MNU), 20 August 1683, Lancaster, Worcester, Massachusetts.
3. Susan, probably born c1630, Henham, Essex, England; buried 18 July 1630, Henham, Essex, England.
Children (with Elizabeth Rice):
4. Anna, baptized 121 October 1634, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England; no further record.
5. Richard, born c1627; buried 7 November 1640, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England.
6. William, born c1639, England; died 25 March 1688, Sudbury, Middlesex, Massachusetts; apparently never married.
7. Mary, baptized 9 January 1641/42, Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England; died 10 January 1702/03, Framingham, Middlesex, Massachusetts; married (1) Richard Ward, 8 September 1661, Sudbury, Middlesex, Massachusetts (2) Daniel Stone, 2 November 1667, Sudbury, Middlesex, Massachusetts.
8. Lydia, born 24 June 1643; died 23 November 1723; married (1) Samuel Wright, 31 May 1664 (2) James Cutler, 15 June 1665, all in Sudbury, Middlesex, Massachusetts.
9. Jacob, born 28 April 1645; died 23 March 1715/16; married Elizabeth Loker, 29 May 1667, all in Sudbury, Middlesex, Massachusetts.
10. Joseph, born c1647, probably Sudbury, Middlesex, Massachusetts; died 2 January 1725/26; married (1) Lydia Maynard, c1669 (2) Ruth (MNU), between 1 January 1718/19 – 2 June 1725/26.
11. Elizabeth, born 10 January 1649/50, Sudbury, Middlesex, Massachusetts; no further record.
12. Benjamin, born c1652, probably Sudbury, Middlesex, Massachusetts; died 29 October 1729, Sudbury, Middlesex, Massachusetts; married Dorothy Wright, 11 November 1686, all in Sudbury, Middlesex, Massachusetts.
Will of John Moore 1674
Middlesex County, MA File 15362
This is an especially long will that my eyes can’t decipher in a timely manner, so I leave it to others if someone wants a transcription. | <urn:uuid:4baa77f3-2873-49c8-9f34-b5f50be47692> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://emptybranchesonthefamilytree.com/2021/03/john-moore-elizabeth-rice-hertfordshire-england-to-sudbury-ma-1600s/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.968794 | 875 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Robert Cooter points out the legal foundations for a appropriate business environment, in which organizations can make correct evaluations in market and defined property rights. Also, he expounds the relationship between law and economic growth, economic reasoning and policy values. Cooter shows an example of this relation with the cases of China and India's economy in the last decades, and discuss the differences between lineal and exponential growth in countries with similar legal policies. He shares his experience as an entrepreneur, giving the main structure and process of a normal venture nowadays and the common mistakes young businessmen usually make. At the end, Cooter concludes with the three types of legal innovation for growing economy.
07 de noviembre de 2016
19 de julio de 2016
20 de julio de 2016
10 de agosto de 2016
Nuestra misión es la enseñanza y difusión de los principios éticos, jurídicos y económicos de una sociedad de personas libres y responsables.
Universidad Francisco Marroquín | <urn:uuid:b85eb9ed-6b03-401a-8066-cc7dacaf7a18> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://newmedia.ufm.edu/video/introduction-to-law-and-growth-economics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00565-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.678774 | 228 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Nineteenth-century Germany saw the rise of critical biblical scholarship, reaching its zenith with die religionsgeschichtliche Schule (the History of Religions School). This “school” of thought amounted to a shared methodological paradigm predominantly advanced at the University of Göttingen in the 1890s under such distinguished names as Gunkel, Weiss, Bousset, Otto, and Wrede. These pioneers set forth what most in biblical studies at the time regarded as a radical approach to academic study of the Bible: One best studies the religious content, themes, and patterns inscribed in the biblical texts within the context of a larger understanding of all religious content, themes, and patterns. With the History of Religions School, we witness the nascent underpinnings of what later came to be known as the field of comparative religions. These early pioneers began a discussion about biblical texts fully grounded in human cultural history, a discussion that held the biblical texts as no more special or “revelatory” than any other known religious documents.
Rather than biblical scholars refining this methodology over the last 120 years, however, the field largely circumvented and ignored the History of Religions School, instead pursuing the study of the biblical texts in radical isolation, under the overriding force of theological politics and faith interests. To this day, 99% of the membership of the Society of Biblical Literature has next to zero training in world religions or the broader contextual trends of the ancient world. 99% have never taken a single course in anthropology or cultural studies or sociology as part of their graduate training. To apply an analogy, this would be like claiming to be a world expert regarding a particular mountain, say Mt. Rainier, without ever having taken a course in geology, tectonics, or botany, i.e., studying one mountain as though it were a static, altogether isolated (even magically produced) object. This radical myopia defines the present state of 99% of the “experts” in the field, the result of which is an unimaginably deluded, ungrounded discourse held in morbid isolation.
What about the 1% who have grounded their work in a broader, “History of Religions” training? What conclusions arise from a correct academic study of the Bible? Over the last century, we have turned on the lights, observing the larger topography of world religions through the ages and millennia. A simple, obvious observation has come into clear view. We see a complex genetic “tree” of religious influence, offspring religions, and religious cross-pollination through times and places that shows direct analogues with all other fields of cultural production: music, sculpture, literature, folklore, etc. That is to say, theism, as one of many observable patterns in religious history, evolves, adapts, conflates, and syncretizes with much the same malleability and traditional quality as any other wholly man-made cultural product (e.g., poetry, fashion, painting, etc). All gods are but human constructs, ever-evolving products of human cultures through times and societies. The biblical texts, rather than providing an alleged revelatory origin of one particular deity, that is, as codified in the “book,” register in various snapshots various theistic expressions arising out of diverse ancient (loosely coupled) societies over many centuries. The theistic “ideas” inscribed in the book were all part of a larger complex, a delta or marshland, if you will, of theistic streams and tributaries in ancient cultures. This great river network of ideas ever evolved and synthesized prior, even more primitive constructs in prehistoric spiritism and superstition. The diverse biblical texts reflect peculiar fusions of such myth and belief taken from various ages and contexts, all associated with one of many ancient deities in the human pantheon. Such cultural phenomenology is the study of religious anthropology, a methodological approach pioneered in the grand work of Scottish anthropologist Sir James George Frazer in his The Golden Bough: A Study in Comparative Religion (1890). At nearly the same time, German-American anthropologist Franz Boas concluded similarly in his years of study of such phenomena:
It would seem that mythological worlds have been built up, only to be shattered again, and that new worlds were built from the fragments.
Recognizing the mythological essence of theism, that is, as a wholly human-made construction, we may dismiss all gods as non-existent. How so? What if one deity actually does exist? The argument, in light of the above considerations, approaches, indeed surpasses absurdity. The same person may foolishly ask how one may prove the non-existence of a fully operational McDonald’s on the darkside of the moon or the non-existence of aliens disco dancing to the Bee Gees in some distant galaxy. Just as McDonald's restaurants and disco dancing arise as inherently human cultural constructions, so also are the gods. Whatever is the case, we can confidently dismiss all religious mytho-systems as untrue, the all-but-arbitrary coping products of human cultural imagination. | <urn:uuid:79c4dade-87a1-4bfd-aed1-c98f2d58d177> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://debunkingchristianity.blogspot.com/2016/11/atheism.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00172-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943123 | 1,066 | 2.5 | 2 |
Voices of Earth and Sky
The Vision Life of The Native Americans and Their Culture Heroes
Launched in 1934 and 1938 respectively, the Queen Mary and the Queen Elizabeth, at over 1,000 feet in length and more than 80,000 tons displacement, were the finest ships of their day. Requisitioned shortly after World War II broke out, they performed heroic service as troop carriers. In Churchill’s words, “the Queens challenged the fury of Hitlerism in the battle of the Atlantic. Without their aid, the day of final victory must unquestionably have been postponed.”
Central to the author’s well-illustrated, fast-forward account of the Queens’ war-time lives is this crucial fact: these ships, designed to carry some 2,100 passengers served by a crew of a thousand, could at a maximum carry 15,000 military personnel. With the United States’ entry into the war and the transport of hundreds of thousands to troops to Britain, the German leadership was truly concerned. In fact, Hitler offered a reward of 1 million Reichsmarks (towards $50 million in today’s dollars) to any U-boat skipper who sank the Queen Mary or the Queen Elizabeth, aware that the loss of 15,000 men at a stroke could severely impede or even shatter the Allied war effort.
Butler captures the high-stakes drama of the Queens at sea, always at risk of the U-boat torpedoes that were already sinking British shipping wholesale. Standard evasive action was to involve the Queen Mary in cutting an escort destroyer in two. The author provides engaging details about the two ships, their differing personalities, the victualing and supplying of these high-speed floating cities, the rigors of shipboard and U-boat life (seventy-five percent of all submariners perished), and explores the role the Queens’ troop—ferrying capacity played in the overall war strategy. He also offers little-known information on the ownership of the Queens during the war and on their sadly truncated post-war careers. Relevant political and financial history is concisely presented. Sadly, even as the Queen Elizabeth and her French, Italian, and German rivals were being built in the late 1930s, the heyday of Atlantic crossings had passed, victim of economics and American immigration law.
Butler illuminates a vital chapter of World War II history, giving readers a fine voyage through exciting waters. Enthusiasts for more relaxed shipboard days should check John Brinnin and John Maxtone-Gaham in the author’s useful bibliography.
Disclosure: This article is not an endorsement, but a review. The author provided free copies of his/her book to have his/her book reviewed by a professional reviewer. No fee was paid by the author for this review. Foreword Reviews only recommends books that we love. Foreword Magazine, Inc. is disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission’s 16 CFR, Part 255. | <urn:uuid:3d0ae9df-80d6-44cf-9190-bec6e635eb49> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.forewordreviews.com/reviews/voices-of-earth-and-sky/?page=3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00435-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954673 | 624 | 3.453125 | 3 |
The benefits of home ventilation are many and varied and will go a long way to helping reduce condensation as well as disperse VOCs (volatile organic compounds found in many floor coverings, furniture, toys etc) and smells etc.
In the past ventilation wasn’t such an issue due primarily to the fact that homes were pretty ‘leaky’ by which I mean they had lots of gaps around doors, windows and services. These gaps allowed fresh air to come into the house and ventilate it.
Now however with the cost of heating going through the roof and all the emphasis on creating an eco-home we all want to make out homes air-tight and keep the heat in for as long as possible. And while on the face of it that all sound good, after all who doesn’t want a warmer and less draughty house? It can actually create other problems such as mould growth, condensation, even rot.
But first things first, it’s important to understand what condensation is and why adequate ventilation is essential to the health of you, your family and your home.
What is condensation?
Condensation in it’s simplest form is where water vapour in the air comes into contact with a cool surface and condenses to form water droplets. I go into a little more detail in this article on condensation, but suffice to say condensation is a bad thing and you don’t really want it in your home if at all possible.
What do I mean by ventilation?
This is where it can get confusing. When I talk about ventilation I mean a steady and constant supply of fresh air into your home to replace the stale air already in your home.
In modern households the air can be full of VOCs, water vapour and cooking smells etc.
Fresh air from outside comes into your home by various routes and as it does so some of the stale air has to leave. Picture a bucket full to the brim with blue liquid. then imagine pouring clear water into the bucket. The clear water displaces and dilutes the blue water as you pour it in. We know this because the blue colour gets less and less until eventually it becomes clear.
The ventilation in your home works on the same basis. The more ventilation you have the less pollutants, smells and water vapour there is to cause condensation, mould and smells etc. | <urn:uuid:be163aca-6abd-408f-b351-bd4650e27849> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nisurv.co.uk/the-benefits-of-home-ventilation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.959809 | 497 | 2.5 | 2 |
July 2011 UPDATE - Due to state budget cuts, we are now unable to accept reports on witnessed littering events. We hope that this service might be restored in the future, but for now it has been suspended. Thank you for doing your part to keep Washington clean. For more information, see Litter hotline suspended.
Citizens who witness littering acts can call the hotline and report basic information such as date, time, location, objects thrown, the license plate of the vehicle, and a description of the vehicle. Department of Ecology (Ecology) staff will cross-reference the reported license plate with the Department of Licensing to get the name and address of the vehicle's registered owner.
No one issues a ticket based on a citizen report, but the vehicle owner gets a letter describing litter laws and fines.
Report litter now
August 2013 UPDATE - 1-886-LITTER-1 and online litter reporting both continue to be suspended due to lack of funding.
866-LITTER-1 (866-548-8371) | E-mail | Online Form |
Be sure to include the following information:
Ecology does not use the number of calls to the litter hotline to measure the "success" or "failure" of the campaign. The primary purpose of the hotline is to send a message to litterers that other people care and may be watching. Secondly, the litter hotline gives concerned citizens a chance to report littering. Finally, letters in response to a hotline report provide a personal and powerful way to make sure litterers know the laws and fines associated with litter.
A general public survey (400 residents in King County, Washington) indicated that 85 percent of adults would be interested in using a toll-free number to report littering. Reporting was seen as a positive way citizens could "do something" about the litter problem. Several other states including Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, North Carolina, Michigan, and Louisiana successfully operate similar hotlines.
New Cell Phone LawMany people have heard that Washington has a new law that prohibits people from talking on cell phones while driving. The law, Engrossed Substitute Senate Bill 5037, passed in 2007 and took effect July 2008.
Many people have asked us, "How will this impact the litter hotline? Will people stop calling the hotline for fear of getting a ticket?" The quick answer is the law lets people use cell phones to report littering.
We don't have statistics on how many people call the litter hotline from cell phones versus home phones, but we encourage people to be safe.
Please don't let the new law deter you from reporting litterers, especially when you see unsecured loads. People who use cell phones to report illegal activities are exempt from the law. If you feel making the call while driving is unsafe, remember you can always call from home or submit a report on-line. Littering and driving with unsecured loads are illegal activities, so calls to the hotline are allowed. Click here for a copy of the cell phone law.
Litter Hotline Statistics
Calls to the litter hotline have steadily increased since its debut in April of 2002. The charts below show the number of calls the hotline has received since 2005.
Copyright © Washington State Department of Ecology. See http://www.ecy.wa.gov/copyright.html. | <urn:uuid:ae536db3-71fd-42d0-ae17-55558eb9d06c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.litter.wa.gov/c_hotline.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00273-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943423 | 691 | 2.28125 | 2 |
What is in this leaflet
This leaflet answers some common questions about DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection.
It does not contain all the available information. It does not take the place of talking to your doctor or pharmacist.
All medicines have risks and benefits. Your doctor has weighed the risks of you taking DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection against the benefits they expect it will have for you.
If you have any concerns about taking this medicine, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
Keep this leaflet with the medicine. You may need to read it again.
What DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection is used for
Docetaxel is used to treat:
- breast cancer
- non small cell lung cancer
- ovarian cancer
- prostate cancer
- head and neck cancer
This medicine belongs to a group of medicines called antineoplastic or cytotoxic medicines. You may also hear of these being called chemotherapy medicines.
It works by stopping cells from growing and multiplying.
Ask your doctor if you have any questions about why this medicine has been prescribed for you. Your doctor may have prescribed it for another reason.
This medicine is not addictive.
This medicine is available only with a doctor’s prescription.
You may have taken another medicine to treat your breast, non small cell lung cancer, ovarian, prostate or head and neck cancer. However, your doctor has now decided to treat you with docetaxel.
There is not enough information to recommend the use of this medicine for children.
Before you are given DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection
When you must not be given it
Do not use DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection if you have an allergy to:
- any medicine containing docetaxel or polysorbate 80
- any of the ingredients listed at the end of this leaflet.
Some of the symptoms of an allergic reaction may include:
- shortness of breath
- wheezing or difficulty breathing or a tight feeling in your chest
- swelling of the face, lips, tongue or other parts of the body
- rash, itching, hives or flushed, red skin
- dizziness or light-headedness
- back pain
Do not use DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection if you have, or have had, any of the following medical conditions:
- severe liver problems
- blood disorder with a reduced number of white blood cells
Do not use this medicine if you are pregnant or intend to become pregnant either during treatment or in the three months following the last dose of docetaxel.
Like most medicines used to treat cancer, docetaxel is not recommended for use during pregnancy, unless you and your doctor have discussed the risks and benefits involved.
Do not breast-feed if you are using this medicine. It is not known if docetaxel passes into breast milk and there is a possibility that your baby may be affected.
If you are not sure whether you should start using this medicine, talk to your doctor.
Before you are given it
Tell your doctor if you have allergies to any other medicines, foods, preservatives or dyes.
Docetaxel is not recommended for use in children. Safety and effectiveness in children have not been established.
Tell your doctor if you have or have had any of the following medical conditions:
- blood disorder with a reduced number of white blood cells
- hearing problems
- heart problems
- high uric acid levels
- kidney problems
- liver problems
Tell your doctor if you have an infection or high temperature. Your doctor may decide to delay your treatment until the infection has gone. A mild illness, such as a cold, is not usually a reason to delay treatment.
Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant or are breast-feeding. Your doctor can discuss with you the risks and benefits involved.
If you have not told your doctor about any of the above, tell him/her before you start using DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection.
Taking other medicines
Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are taking any other medicines, including any that you get without a prescription from your pharmacy, supermarket or health food shop.
Some medicines and DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection may interfere with each other. These include:
- other medicines used to treat cancer, radiation therapy or any other treatment which lowers your immune system, including cyclosporin
- some medicines used to treat bacterial infections, including erythromycin, clarithromycin and telithromycin.
- Ketoconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole, medicines used to treat fungal infections
- nifedipine, a medicine used to treat high blood pressure and angina
- some medicines called corticosteroids
- medicines used to treat people with epilepsy, such as phenobarbitone
- medicines used to treat or prevent HIV or Hepatitis C viral infections, such as ritonavir, indinavir, nelfinavir and saquinavir.
- medicines used to treat people with depression such as nefazodone
These medicines may be affected by DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection or may affect how well it works. You may need different amounts of your medicines, or you may need to take different medicines.
Your doctor and pharmacist have more information on medicines to be careful with or avoid while taking this medicine.
How DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection is given
Follow all directions given to you by your doctor or pharmacist carefully. They may differ from the information contained in this leaflet.
Docetaxel should only be administered by trained professionals, with appropriate handling, in a hospital or clinic environment.
Before you are given your docetaxel infusion your doctor should:
- prescribe you an oral corticosteroid (eg dexamethasone) to help stop or reduce the severity of certain side effects. For breast, lung, ovarian and head and neck cancer, this medicine is usually taken for three days (one day before, the day of and the day after your infusion). These medicines are very important. For prostate cancer, this is usually taken on the day of the infusion (12 hours, 3 hours and 1 hour before your infusion).
- test your blood to see how many white blood cells you have. If they are too low, your infusion may be delayed.
- test your blood for levels of liver enzymes. If these levels are high your doctor may reduce your dose or decide you should not have a docetaxel infusion at that time.
Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions on these medicines or tests.
How much is given
Your doctor will decide what dose you will receive. This depends on your condition and other factors, such as your weight, kidney function and other chemotherapy medicines you are being given.
The usual dose of docetaxel is 75 to 100mg/m2 which is based on your body size (m2).
When docetaxel is given in combination with capecitabine (another medicine used for the treatment of breast cancer) the usual dose of docetaxel is 75 mg/m2.
Docetaxel may be given alone or in combination with other drugs.
Several courses of docetaxel therapy may be needed depending on your response to treatment.
Additional treatment may not be repeated until your blood cell numbers return to acceptable levels and any uncontrolled effects have been controlled.
Ask your doctor if you want to know more about the dose of docetaxel you receive.
How it is given
DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection is given as an infusion (drip) into your veins, over 1 hour.
How long it is given for
Docetaxel is given every 3 weeks. This is called one cycle of chemotherapy. Your doctor will decide how many of these cycles you will need.
If you take too much (overdose)
As DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection is given to you under the supervision of your doctor, it is very unlikely that you will receive too much. However, if you experience any severe side effects after being given DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection, tell your doctor immediately or go to Accident and Emergency at the nearest hospital. You may need urgent medical attention.
In case of overdose, immediately contact the Poisons Information Centre 13 11 26
While you are using DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection
Things you must do
Keep follow up appointments with your doctor. It is important to have your follow-up doses/cycles/infusions of docetaxel at the appropriate times to get the best effects from your treatments.
Your doctor may want to check your blood pressure and do some blood and other tests from time to time to check on your progress and detect any unwanted side effects.
Tell any other doctors, dentists, and pharmacists who treat you that you are taking this medicine.
If you are about to be started on any new medicine, tell your doctor, dentist or pharmacist that you are having DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection.
If you plan to have surgery that needs a general anaesthetic, tell your doctor or dentist that you are having docetaxel.
If you become pregnant while having docetaxel, tell your doctor immediately.
DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection can lower the number of white blood cells and platelets in your blood. This means that you have an increased chance of getting an infection or bleeding.
The following precautions should be taken to reduce your risk of infection or bleeding:
Avoid people who have infections. Check with your doctor immediately if you think you may be getting an infection, or if you get a fever, chills, cough, hoarse throat, lower back or side pain or find it painful or difficult to urinate.
Be careful when using a toothbrush, toothpick or dental floss. Your doctor, dentist, nurse or pharmacist may recommend other ways to clean your teeth and gums. Check with your doctor before having any dental work.
Be careful not to cut yourself when you are using sharp objects such as a razor or nail cutters.
Avoid contact sports or other situations where you may bruise or get injured.
If you notice swelling in the feet and legs or a slight weight gain, inform your doctor or nurse. Docetaxel may cause fluid retention which means the body is holding extra water. If this fluid retention is in the chest or around the heart it can be life threatening. In most cases, fluid retention will go away within weeks or months after your treatments are completed.
Things you must not do
Do not use DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection to treat any other complaints unless your doctor tells you to.
Things to be careful of
Be careful driving or operating machinery until you know how DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection affects you. Docetaxel may cause dizziness, light-headedness, tiredness, drowsiness in some people. Make sure you know how you react to docetaxel before you drive a car, operate machinery, or do anything else that could be dangerous if you are dizzy or light-headed. If this occurs do not drive. If you drink alcohol, dizziness or light-headedness may be worse.
Tell your doctor or pharmacist as soon as possible if you do not feel well while you are taking DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection.
It helps most people with breast, non small cell lung cancer, ovarian, prostate or head and neck cancer, but it may have unwanted side effects in a few people.
All medicines can have side effects. Sometimes they are serious, most of the time they are not. You may need medical attention if you get some of the side effects.
Do not be alarmed by the following lists of side effects. You may not experience any of them.
If you are over 60 years of age you may have an increased chance of getting side effects.
Ask your doctor or pharmacist to answer any questions you may have.
Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you notice any of the following and they worry you:
- irritation, pain, swelling or colouring around the needle during infusion
- high temperature
- stomach pain or discomfort
- feeling sick, upset stomach or vomiting
- mild diarrhoea
- inflammation of the food pipe (oesophagus)
- whitening or darkening of the skin or nails
- loosening of the nails
- unusual hair loss or thinning
- joint pain or swelling
- aching muscles, muscle tenderness, swelling or weakness not caused by exercise
- unusual tiredness or weakness
- mild swelling of hands, ankles and feet
- weight gain/loss
- pins and needles or a burning or tingling feeling in hands or feet
- redness or rash around previous radiation site (if you have had radiotherapy)
- back pain
- decreased appetite
- high blood pressure (hypertension)
- low blood pressure (hypotension)
- temporary visual disturbances, or feeling that you are about to faint, which mostly occur when you are being infused with docetaxel.
The above list includes the more common side effects of your medicine.
Tell your doctor as soon as possible if you notice any of the following:
- frequent infections with fever, severe chills, sore throat or mouth ulcers - especially 5-7 days after receiving a docetaxel infusion
- sore red mouth or vagina or swelling in these areas
- severe diarrhoea
- tiredness, headaches, being short of breath when exercising, dizziness and looking pale
- change in the rhythm or rate of your heart beats (palpitations)
- muscle pain or cramps
- flushed, dry skin, irritability and confusion
- passing little or no urine, drowsiness, nausea, vomiting and breathlessness
- yellowing of the skin or eyes, also called jaundice
- flaking of the skin
- red, scaly patches of the skin especially around the cheeks and nose
- raised lumps on the skin which looks like scalding
- hardening of the skin
- excessive watery discharge from the eyes
- trouble with your hearing, or some loss of hearing
- sudden and severe swelling or pain in the joints or rash.
- Blurry or "wavy" vision or disturbances to colour vision.
- Widening and rounding of the tips of the fingers or toes (clubbing).
- Leg pain, tenderness or swelling.
- Skin that is red and warm.
The above list includes serious side effects that may require medical attention.
If any of the following happen, tell your doctor immediately or go to Accident and Emergency at your nearest hospital:
- sudden signs of allergy such as rash, itching, hives on the skin, swelling of the face, tongue or other parts of the body, shortness of breath, wheezing or trouble breathing
- Redness of the skin studded with pimples containing fluid or pus
- convulsions, fits or seizures
- hallucinations or delirium
- ulcer in the stomach or intestine - vomiting blood or material that looks like coffee grounds, bleeding from the back passage, black sticky bowel motions or bloody diarrhoea
- difficulty in breathing, rapid and/or shallow breathing
- sudden swelling of the leg/arm which may be due to blood clots
- pain, pressure or tightness in the chest, arms, neck, jaw or back that may occur together with nausea, dizziness or cold sweats
- fever with diarrhoea and or vomiting, painful cramping.
The above list includes very serious side effects. You may need urgent medical attention or hospitalisation.
These side effects may differ when using docetaxel in combination with another chemotherapy agent.
Please consult your doctor for possible side effects that may be caused by using docetaxel with another chemotherapy agent.
Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you notice anything that is making you feel unwell. Other side effects not listed above may also occur in some people.
The benefits and side effects of docetaxel may take some time to occur. Therefore, even after you have finished your docetaxel treatment you should tell your doctor immediately if you notice any of the side effects listed in this section.
After using DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection
DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection will be stored in the pharmacy or on the ward. The injection is kept in a cool dry place, protected from light, where the temperature stays below 25°C.
What it looks like
DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection in single dose vials is a clear, colourless to pale yellow solution, which is diluted prior to intravenous administration.
DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection contains 10mg/mL of docetaxel as the active ingredient.
It also contains:
- citric acid
- Polysorbate 80
- Macrogol 300
DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection does not contain lactose, sucrose, gluten, tartrazine or any other azo dyes.
Pfizer Australia Pty Ltd
Toll Free Number: 1800 675 229
DBL Docetaxel, Concentrated Injection is available in the following strengths:
- 20 mg/2 mL vials
AUST R 163802
- 80 mg/8mL vials
AUST R 163801
- 160 mg/16mL vials
AUST R 163803
™ = Trademark
This leaflet was prepared in February 2021.
Published by MIMS April 2021 | <urn:uuid:868217f4-17a5-44f4-9a4c-8ff67b2e1459> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nps.org.au/medicine-finder/dbl-docetaxel-concentrated-injection | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.91684 | 3,829 | 1.570313 | 2 |
As the entire planet knows, the USA recently had an election. A few of you also know that Canada had an election too. The US race will result in a change of governing party, but the handover won't occur until January when the president-elect will become the first US president with recent African ancestry. (I say "recent" because current science suggests that all our ancestors were Africans. It's just that some walked out long before recorded history, some were abducted, and some voluntarily emigrated). Meanwhile the Canadian election resulted in no change of Prime Minister, but now the party in power has only a minority of seats in the House. This blog entry discusses the current constitutional wrangling with respect to the Canadian government, which is a bit of a joke, and then a joke relating to the US constitution and their recent "historic election."
Canada first: When the ruling party in Canada is defeated in the House of Commons on a money bill or in a specific non-confidence vote, the Prime Minister has to go cap-in-hand to the Governor-General (the Queen's representative in Canada and our titular head of state) and ask for a decision. She can ask another party to form the government, call an election, or give everyone a timeout (prorogue). The PM can recommend a decision, and the GG usually abides by his recommendation, but she doesn't have to.
Last week a coalition of two parties, aided by a written agreement with a third stated its intention to vote against an important bill. The coalition has informed the Governor-General that they are prepared to form the government but the vote has been delayed because the GG granted the PM a prorogue. Meanwhile the ruling party, the Conservatives is casting disparagement on the opposing Liberals and NDP because they are allying with the separatist Bloc Quebecois. The Conservatives have a secret tape recording of advance planning of the coup. How do they have it? A member of the Conservative party was accidentally invited to a conference call on the subject, on account of having the same last name and a similar e-mail address to a Liberal MP. Meanwhile the Liberals have found an even older document proving that the Conservatives planned to do exactly the same thing if they were in the same position. Pundits are calling it a constitutional crisis, but it makes me laugh.
Politicians everywhere try to make their opponents look bad, and that's the theme of the US joke, a way that the Republicans could really tick off the Democrats. If George Bush were to resign before the inauguration, VP Dick Cheney would become president. Now that would annoy a lot of people, but here's the funny part. If Dick Cheney were to make Condolezza Rice his VP, and then resign himself, the Republicans could lay claim to the first African-American President of the United States.
By the way, the United States will be the third and last country on the continent to have a head of state who can trace ancestory to Africa. Mexico had the first in 1829 and Canada's Governor-General Michaëlle Jean is a first generation Haïtian immigrant.
I know I can trust you guys to comment on this blog entry without disparaging any of the candidates or the people who voted for them. | <urn:uuid:bd8581d4-86f5-4a45-b4cf-6ed1404cc344> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://airplanepilot.blogspot.com/2008/12/fun-with-constitution.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.977837 | 667 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Something exists iff it is part of reality.
In one sense, this is a difficult term to define, since it somehow is true of
everything that is the case, and hence seems to suppose some sort of theory
about everything; in another sense it is easily done in terms of "reality", to
which one then shifts the problems.
There are some logical problems connected with the term, such as Kant's
question whether "existence" is a predicate, and the issue whether the
existential quantifier in logic, that is read as "there is", "there
exists" or "(for) some", and that may be defined in standard logic in terms of
the universal quantifier: "not every x is not P" =def "some x is P",
carries the full weight of all that one might mean by "exists"; and combining
both whether it makes sense to introduce, also in logic, statements to the
effect that "some things exist" - i.e. formally, writing "E!" for "exists": "(for some x)(E!x)".
One problem one has here is that it would follow that
"(for some x)(~E!x)" must somehow be true - of which one reading, namely with the particular quantifier as read in standard formal logic, is "there
exist things which don't exist". (See: Nothing.)
This again relates to problems raised by intuitionist philosophers of
mathematics, who believe that one should be
able to give a constructive proof of whatever one claims to exist, that
shows how one could produce it, at least in principle, that again relates to
statements like "there exist particular natural numbers that no one ever
thought of". For if you name such a one, you have thought of it. | <urn:uuid:42ee5aeb-6db2-4460-861f-26fdd592b89d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.maartensz.org/philosophy/Dictionary/E/Existence.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00550-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953536 | 380 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Rickpfloyd asked the HDTV & Home Theater forum if one loses image quality daisy chaining HDMI cables from a DVR through a receiver to your HDTV.
Since an HDMI cable carries both the best possible home entertainment image and sound, this is the obvious way to make the most of your equipment. You use one HDMI cable to connect your source (a DVR, Blu-ray player, or whatever) to your receiver/amplifier, then use another HDMI cable to connect the receiver to your HDTV. When you watch something, the receiver processes the sound (its primary function), and passes the video signal to the television.
But does the video lose something in that process?
Ironically, the more expensive the receiver, the more likely that the answer will be "Yes." Home theater guru Joe Kane told me that expensive, high-end receivers--the kind that cost thousands of dollars--often muck with the image. "People who make expensive processors feel they should be hands-on with the video...They feel obligated to process it, and therefore they hurt it." But the consumer-level products priced in the hundreds generally just pass the video through, and thus do no harm.
But there are other problems with daisy-chaining. It limits your options. It can make it difficult, or even impossible, to watch television without the receiver on--a waste of electricity if you're watching a talk show or a movie with commentary.
You don't have to daisy-chain every source device you own that comes with an HDMI cable. In fact, Blu-ray discs are the only common home media that carry soundtracks so good that they lose quality if you don't use an HDMI connection to the receiver. The best audio you can get from a DVR, cable box, or DVD will sound just as good with an optical or coaxial S/PDIF connection. You can therefore use HDMI to get the picture and audio to your HDTV, and optical or coaxial to get the audio to the receiver. Just remember to turn down the television's audio when you use the receiver.
If you do daisy-chain (and I recommend you do for a Blu-ray player), set up your receiver so that it doesn't always have to be on. Check the manual for a setting that, when the amplifier is turned off, will pass the complete HDMI signal--audio and video--through to the TV. This allows you to watch stuff that isn't in surround with less power consumption. Check your receiver's manual for instructions.
Read the original forum discussion.
This story, "Daisy-Chaining HDMI" was originally published by PCWorld. | <urn:uuid:d5d6cea5-7e9f-4603-abff-09ed4038d70d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.techhive.com/article/201439/daisy_chain_HDMI.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00501-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935678 | 550 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Hip joint injections involve injecting medicine directly into the hip joint to diagnose the source of pain or treat pain due to conditions such as arthritis, injury or mechanical stress of the hip joint. Hip pain may be experienced in the hip, buttock, leg or low back. The injection contains a combination of a numbing medicine and cortisone (an anti-inflammatory agent).
Physiotherapy or physical therapy is an exercise program that helps you to improve movement, relieve pain, encourage blood flow for faster healing, and restore your physical function and fitness level. The main aim of physical therapy is to make your daily activities, such as walking, getting in and out of bed, or climbing stairs, easier.
Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy
Our blood consists of a liquid component known as plasma. It also consists of three main solid components which include the red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. Platelets play an important role in forming blood clots. They also consist of special proteins, known as growth factors, which help with our body’s healing process.
Shock wave therapy is application of the sound waves to treat musculoskeletal conditions and sports-related injuries. It is an effective treatment for trochanteric bursitis. Trochanter bursitis also called hip bursitis or greater trochanter bursitis is a common problem caused by inflammation of the bursa that overlies the greater trochanter (bony prominence at the outer side of the hip). | <urn:uuid:6379ad32-f9f0-488d-bcc2-826df3bafb4f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.longvieworthopaedic.com/hip-procedures.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.929459 | 343 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Occasionally there are times when a school may be asked by local law enforcement to be placed in a precautionary lockout or lockdown. Because of situations like that, we are reminded that we should always be prepared for emergencies.
Should an emergency or disaster situation occur while school is in session, we want to ensure that parents are aware of how to respond. This is crucial because it will help with the smooth handling of any crisis situation.
Linked below are some tools to help in a crisis situation. | <urn:uuid:7dc02bab-339d-424a-a5d2-5bfe93cf8a6d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.davis.k12.ut.us/departments/cr/emergency-guidelines | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.948847 | 104 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Back pain is among the most common physical complication affecting a majority of educators. Whether you’re a preschool teacher or a college professor, injuries or conditions that affect your natural well-being can be prevented or reduced, principally by improving posture and then following through with a variety of health tips to avoid and improve further complications.
Teachers frequently stand for an extended period of time for lectures which can place an additional amount of pressure on the lower back, pelvis, and thighs, often leading to the development of an incorrect posture. Also, prolonged standing on hard surfaces can cause sore feet, swollen legs, and aggravate back pain. Furthermore, sitting down for long periods of time, stooping over children at their desks, and even carrying small children, heavy objects, or paperwork, could cause damage or injury to the muscles and tissues surrounding the spine. Stress can be a huge factor towards a teacher developing mental and physical complications and symptoms, including back pain. Increased levels of stress in teachers can prevent them from getting a good night’s rest, resulting in insomnia that can eventually lead to fatigue due to lack of sleep, triggering physical complications.
Chiropractic treatment can be utilized by teachers to both treat and prevent spinal complications as well as help decrease levels of stress. Chiropractic care is not frequently used to directly treat stress but a careful realignment of the spine can provide relief and relaxation from many complications and symptoms that can help reduce stress. A chiropractor will also determine the source of the back pain and follow up with a specialized treatment plan to gradually restore an individual’s health. Chiropractic treatment can include spinal adjustments, manual manipulation, and several stretches and exercises to speed up the healing process and promote wellness.
Sourced through Scoop.it from: www.elpasochiropractorblog.com
The future of many students largely depends on teachers and educators to guide them through their many lessons and teachings. They are given the opportunity to create a tremendous impact on the lives of their students, however, teachers often face many mental and physical challenges through the process, which may frequently lead to stress, headaches, and insomnia, as well as injury, pains and aches. For more information, please feel free to ask Dr. Jimenez or contact us at (915) 850-0900.
The information herein on "Teachers Experiencing Stress & Back Pain" is not intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional, or licensed physician, and is not medical advice. We encourage you to make your own healthcare decisions based on your research and partnership with a qualified healthcare professional.
Our information scope is limited to Chiropractic, musculoskeletal, physical medicines, wellness, contributing etiological viscerosomatic disturbances within clinical presentations, associated somatovisceral reflex clinical dynamics, subluxation complexes, sensitive health issues, and/or functional medicine articles, topics, and discussions.
We provide and present clinical collaboration with specialists from a wide array of disciplines. Each specialist is governed by their professional scope of practice and their jurisdiction of licensure. We use functional health & wellness protocols to treat and support care for the injuries or disorders of the musculoskeletal system.
Our videos, posts, topics, subjects, and insights cover clinical matters, issues, and topics that relate to and support, directly or indirectly, our clinical scope of practice.*
Our office has made a reasonable attempt to provide supportive citations and has identified the relevant research study or studies supporting our posts. We provide copies of supporting research studies available to regulatory boards and the public upon request.
We understand that we cover matters that require an additional explanation of how it may assist in a particular care plan or treatment protocol; therefore, to further discuss the subject matter above, please feel free to ask Dr. Alex Jimenez DC or contact us at 915-850-0900.
We are here to help you and your family.
Dr. Alex Jimenez DC, MSACP, CIFM*, IFMCP*, ATN*, CCST
My Digital Business Card | <urn:uuid:483e3cfd-ee0d-444a-a1bb-d9e77110a4a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wellnessdoctorrx.com/teachers-experiencing-stress-back-pain/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.937179 | 851 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Asma Jahangir made the comments during a fact-finding mission in Brazil on Tuesday, where human rights activists say summary executions by police are commonplace.
"I can say with great sadness that I find a number of cases where police have been alleged to have committed extrajudicial killings and there is overwhelming evidence that that could have happened," Jahangir, the UN Special Rapporteur on Executions, said.
"I can also say that in these cases I find strong indications that the police get away with murder, literally with murder."
On Saturday, a 24-year-old man was gunned down in the northeastern state of Paraiba just days after he met with Jahangir.
The victim was believed to have had information that could identify members of a death squad operating in the area.
The UN envoy is scheduled to meet government and police officials in six states and the Federal District of Brasilia, as well as with human rights groups and relatives of death squad victims.
"I find strong indications that the police get away with murder, literally with murder"
UN special rapporteur on Executions
Jahangir's visit follows the release of a damning human rights report that denounced widespread abuses and corruption by Brazilian police forces.
The report by the Global Justice Centre and the Centre for Afro-Brazilian Studies documents the execution of 335 people in 24 of the country's 27 states since 1997.
It said authorities failed to take any action to bring the perpetrators to justice in 202 of those cases. | <urn:uuid:87421057-3fff-4a65-b1ee-e1354985d61f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aljazeera.com/archive/2003/10/20084109268182632.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00441-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967714 | 310 | 1.625 | 2 |
Part II, Chapter X
COMPENSATION OF THE AVERAGE RATE OF PROFIT BY COMPETITION. MARKET PRICES AND MARKET VALUES. SURPLUS-PROFIT.
ONE portion of the spheres of production has an average composition of their capitals, that is to say, their capitals have exactly or approximately the composition of the average social capital.
In these spheres of production, the price of production of the produced commodities coincides exactly or approximately with their values as expressed in money. If there is no other way of reaching a mathematical limit, this would be the one. Competition distributes the social capital in such a way between the various spheres of production that the prices of production of each sphere are formed after the model of the prices of production in these spheres of average composition, which is k + kp', cost-price plus the average rate of profit multiplied by the cost-price. Now, this average rate of profit is nothing else but the percentage of profit in that sphere of average composition, in which the profit is identical with the surplus-value. Hence the rate of profit is the same in all spheres of production, for it is apportioned according to that one of the average spheres of production in which the average composition of capitals prevails. Consequently the sum of the profits of all spheres of production must be equal to the sum of surplus-values, and the sum of the prices of production of the total social product equal to the sum of its values. But it is evident that the balance between the spheres of production of different composition must tend to equalise them with the spheres of average composition, no matter whether this average composition is exact or only approximate. Again, there are tendencies toward equalisation between the more or less similar spheres, and these tendencies seek to bring about the ideal average, which does not really exist, so that there is a trend toward crystallisation around the ideal. In this way the tendency necessarily prevails to make of the prices of production merely changed forms of value, or to make of profits but mere portions of surplus-value, which are assigned, however, not in proportion to the surplus-value produced in each special sphere of production, but in proportion to the mass of capital employed in each sphere of production, so that equal masses of capital, whatever may be their composition, receive equal aliquot shares of the total surplus-value produced by the total social capital.
In the case of capitals of average, or approximately average, composition, the price of production coincides exactly, or approximately with the value, and the profit with the surplus-value produced by them. All the other capitals, of whatever composition, tend toward this average under the pressure of competition. But since the capitals of average composition are of the same, or approximately the same, structure as the average social capital, all capitals have the tendency, regardless of the surplus-value produced by them, to realise in the prices of their commodities the average profit, instead of their own surplus-value, in other words, to realise the prices of production.
On the other hand it may be said that whenever an average profit, and a general rate of profit, are brought about, no matter by what means, such as average profit cannot be anything else but the profit on the average social capital, the sum of these average profits being equal to the sum of surplus-values produced by the average social capitals, and that the prices brought about by adding this average profit to the cost-prices cannot be anything else but the values transformed into prices of production. It would not alter matters, if certain capitals in certain spheres of production would not submit to the process of equalisation for some reason or other. In that case the average profit would be computed on that portion of the social capital which takes part in the process of equalisation. It is evident that the average profit cannot be anything else but the total mass of surplus-values allotted to the various masses of capital in the different spheres of production in proportion to their magnitudes. The average profit is the total amount of realised unpaid labor, and this total mass of unpaid labor, the same as the paid, dead or living, labor, is materialised in the total mass of commodities and money falling to the share of the capitalists.
The real difficulty lies in the question: How is this equalisation of profits into an average rate of profit brought about, seeing that it is evidently a result, not a point of departure?
It is obvious that an estimate of the values of the commodities, for instance in money, can not be made until they have been exchanged. If we assume such an estimate, we must regard it as the outcome of an actual exchange of commodity-value for commodity-value. But how should such an exchange of commodities at their real values have come about?
Let us assume that all commodities in the different lines of production are sold at their real value. What would be the outcome? According to our foregoing analyses, the rates of profit in the various spheres of production would differ considerably. It is quite obvious that we are dealing with two different things, whether on the one hand commodities are sold at their values (that is to say, sold in proportion to the value contained in them, or exchanges with one another at the price of their values), or whether, on the other hand, they are sold at such prices that their sale yields equal amounts of profits on equal masses of the respective capitals advanced for their production.
If capitals employing unequal amounts of living labor are to produce unequal amounts of surplus-value, it must be assumed, at least to a certain degree, that the intensity of exploitation, or the rate of surplus-value, are the same, or that any existing differences in them are balanced by real or imaginary (conventional) elements of compensation. This would presuppose a competition among the laborers and an equilibration by means of their continual emigration from one sphere of production to another. Such a general rate of surplus-value—as a tendency, like all other economic laws—has been assumed by us for the sake of theoretical simplification. But in reality it is an actual premise of the capitalist mode of production, although it is more or less obstructed by practical frictions causing more or less considerable differences locally, such as the settlement laws for English farm laborers. But in theory it is the custom to assume that the laws of capitalist production evolve in their pure form. In reality, however, there is always but an approximation. Still, this approximation is so much greater to the extent that the capitalist mode of production is normally developed, and to the extent that its adulteration and amalgamation with remains of former economic conditions is outgrown.
The whole difficulty arises from the fact that commodities are not exchanged simply as commodities, but as products of capitals, which claim equal shares of the total amount of surplus-value, if they are of equal magnitude, or shares proportional to their different magnitudes. And this claim is to be satisfied by the total price realised by a certain capital on the commodities produced by it within a certain space of time. This total price, again, is but the sum of the prices of the individual commodities produced by this capital.
The essential point will become most visible, when we look upon the matter in this way: Let us assume that the laborers themselves are in possession of their respective means of production and exchange their commodities with one another. In that case these commodities would not be products of capital. The value of the various instruments of labor and raw materials would differ according to the technical nature of the labors performed in the different lines of production. Furthermore, aside from the unequal value of the means of production employed by them, they would require different quantities of means of production for given quantities of labor, according to whether a certain commodity can be finished in one hour, another in one day, and so forth. Let us assume, also, that these laborers work on an average equal lengths of time, allowing for compensations due to different intensities of labor. In that case, two laborers, both working one day, would have in the commodities produced by them, first, an equivalent for their outlay, the cost-prices of the means of production consumed by their labor. These would differ according to the technical nature of their lines of production. In the second place, both of them would have created equal amounts of new value, namely the working day added by them to the means of production. This would comprise their wages plus the surplus-value, the last representing surplus-labor exceeding their necessary wants, the product of which would belong to them. If we were to use capitalist terms, we should say that both of them receive the same wages plus the same profit, or the same value expressed, say, by the product of a working day of ten hours. But in the first place, the values of their commodities would differ. The commodities of I, for instance, might contain more value for each portion of the consumed means of production than the commodities of II. And, to introduce all possible differences, we may assume right now that the commodities of I absorb more living labor, and consequently require more labor-time for their production, than the commodities of II. Then the value of the commodities of I and II, we repeat, differs considerably. So do the sums of the values of their commodities, which represent the product of the labor performed by laborers I and II in a certain time. The rates of profit would also differ considerably for I and II, assuming that we call rate of profit, in this case, the proportion of the surplus-value to the total value of the invested means of production. The means of subsistence daily consumed by I and II during production, which take the place of wages, will form that part of the invested capital which we would call variable capital under different circumstances. But the surplus-values would be the same for I and II, or, to express it more accurately, since both I and II receive the value of the product of one day's labor, both of them receive equal values after the value of the invested "constant" capital has been deducted, and we may regard one portion of this remaining value as an equivalent for the means of subsistence consumed during production, and the other as surplus-value. If laborer I has higher expenses, they are made good by a greater portion of the value of his commodities replacing this "constant" part, and he has to reconvert a larger portion of the total value of his product into the material elements of this constant part, while laborer II, if he receives less for this purpose, has to reconvert so much less. Under these circumstances a difference in the rates of profit would be of no concern, just as it is immaterial for the wage-laborer to-day what rate of profit may express the amount of surplus-value filched from him, and just as in international commerce the difference in the various national rates of profit is immaterial for the exchange of their commodities.
The exchange of commodities at their values, or approximately at their values, requires, therefore, a much lower stage than their exchange at their prices of production, which requires a relatively high development of capitalist production.
Whatever may be the way in which the prices of the various commodities are first fixed or mutually regulated, the law of value always dominates their movements. If the labor time required for the production of these commodities is reduced, prices fall; if it is increased, prices rise, other circumstances remaining the same.
Aside from the fact that prices and their movements are dominated by the law of value, it is quite appropriate, under these circumstances, to regard the value of commodities not only theoretically, but also historically, as existing prior to the prices of production. This applies to conditions, in which the laborer owns his means of production, and this is the condition of the land-owning farmer and of the craftsman in the old world as well as the new. This agrees also with the view formerly expressed by me that the development of product into commodities arises through the exchange between different communes, not through that between the members of the same commune. It applies not only to this primitive condition, but also to subsequent conditions based on slavery or serfdom, and to the guild organisation of handicrafts, so long as the means of production installed in one line of production cannot be transferred to another line except under difficulties, so that the various lines of production maintain, to a certain degree, the same mutual relations as foreign countries or communistic groups.
In order that the prices at which commodities are exchanged with one another may correspond approximately to their values, no other conditions are required but the following: 1) The exchange of the various commodities must no longer be accidental or occasional, 2) So far as the direct exchange of commodities is concerned, these commodities must be produced on both sides in sufficient quantities to meet mutual requirements, a thing easily learned by experience in trading, and therefore a natural outgrowth of continued trading, 3) So far as selling is concerned, there must be no accidental or artificial monopoly which may enable either of the contracting sides to sell commodities above their value or compel others to sell below value. An accidental monopoly is one which a buyer or seller acquires by an accidental proportion of supply to demand.
The assumption that the commodities of the various spheres of production are sold at their value implies, of course, only that their value is the center of gravity around which prices fluctuate, and around which their rise and fall tends to an equilibrium. We shall also have to note a market value, which must be distinguished from the individual value of the commodities produced by the various producers. Of this more anon. The individual value of some of these commodities will be below the market-value, that is to say, they require less labor-time for their production than is expressed in the market-value, while that of others will be above the market-value. We shall have to regard the market-value on one side as the average value of the commodities produced in a certain sphere, and on the other side as the individual value of commodities produced under the average conditions of their respective sphere of production and constituting the bulk of the products of that sphere. It is only extraordinary combinations of circumstances under which commodities produced under the least or most favorable conditions regulate the market-value, which forms the center of fluctuation for the market-prices, which are the same, however, for the same kind of commodities. If the ordinary demand is satisfied by the supply of commodities of average value, that is to say, of a value midway between the two extremes, then those commodities, whose individual value stands below the market-value, realise an extra surplus-value, or surplus-profit, while those, whose individual value stands above the market-value cannot realise a portion of the surplus-value contained in them.
It does not do any good to say that the sale of the commodities produced under the most unfavorable conditions proves that they are required for keeping up the supply. If the price in the assumed case were higher than the average market-value, the demand would be greater. At a certain price, any kind of commodities may occupy so much room on the market. This room does not remain the same in the case of a change of prices, unless a higher price is accompanied by a smaller quantity of commodities, and a lower prices by a larger quantity of commodities. But if the demand is so strong that it does not let up when the price is regulated by the value of commodities produced under the most unfavorable conditions, then these commodities determine the market-value. This is not possible unless the demand exceeds the ordinary, or the supply falls below it. Finally, if the mass of the produced commodities exceeds the quantity which is ordinarily disposed of at average market-values, then the commodities produced under the most favorable conditions regulate the market value. These commodities may be sold exactly or approximately at their individual values, and in that case it may happen that the commodities produced under the least favorable conditions do not realise even their cost prices, while those produced under average conditions realise only a portion of the surplus-value contained in them. The statements referring to market-value apply also to the price of production, if it takes the place of market-value. The price of production is regulated in each sphere, and this regulation depends on special circumstances. And this price of production is in its turn the center of gravity around which the daily market-prices fluctuate and tend to balance one another within definite periods. (See Ricardo on the determination of the price of production by those who produce under the least favorable conditions.)
No matter what may be the way in which prices are regulated, the result always is the following:
1) The law of value dominates the movements of prices, since a reduction or increase of the labor-time required for production causes the prices of production to fall or to rise. It is in this sense that Ricardo (who doubtless realised that his prices of production differed from the value of commodities) says that "the inquiry to which he wishes to draw the reader's attention relates to the effect of the variations in the relative value of commodities, and not in their absolute value."
2) The average profit which determines the prices of production must always be approximately equal to that quantity of surplus-value, which falls to the share of a certain individual capital in its capacity as an aliquot part of the total social capital. Take it that the average rate of profit, and therefore the average profit, are expressed by an amount of money of a higher value than the money-value of the actual average surplus-value. So far as the capitalists are concerned in that case, it is immaterial whether they charge one another a profit of 10 or of 15%. The one of these percentages does not cover any more actual commodity-value than the other, since the overcharge in money is mutual. But so far as the laborer is concerned (the assumption being that he receives the normal wages, so that the raising of the average profit does not imply an actual deduction from his wages, in other words, does not express something entirely different from the normal surplus-value of the capitalist), the rise in the price of commodities due to a raising of the average profit must be accompanied by a corresponding rise of the money-expression for the variable capital. As a matter of fact, such a general nominal raising of the rate of profit and the average profit above the limit provided by the proportion of the actual surplus-value to the total invested capital is not possible without carrying in its wake an increase of wages, and also an increase in the prices of the commodities which constitute the constant capital. The same is true of the opposite case, that of a reduction of the rate of profit in this way. Now, since the total value of the commodities regulates the total surplus-value, and this the level of the average profit and the average rate of profit—always understanding this as a general law, as a principle regulating the fluctuations—it follows that the law of value regulates the prices of production.
Competition first brings about, in a certain individual sphere, the establishment of an equal market-value and market-price by averaging the various individual values of the commodities. The competition of the capitals in the different spheres then results in the price of production which equalises the rates of profit between the different spheres. This last process requires a higher development of capitalist production than the previous process.
In order that commodities of the same sphere of production, the same kind, and approximately the same quality, may be sold at their value, the following two requirements must be fulfilled:
1) The different individual values must have been averaged into one social value, the above-named market-value, and this implies a competition between the producers of the same kind of commodities, and also the existence of a common market, on which they offer their articles for sale. In order that the market-price of identical commodities, which however are produced under different individual circumstances, may correspond to the market-value, may not differ from it by exceeding it or falling below it, it is necessary that the different sellers should exert sufficient pressure upon one another to bring that quantity of commodities on the market which social requirements demand, in other words, that quantity of commodities whose market-value society can pay. If the quantity of products exceeds this demand, then the commodities must be sold below their market-value; vice versa, if the quantity of products is not large enough to meet this demand, or, what amounts to the same, if the pressure of competition among the sellers is not strong enough to bring this quantity of products to market, then the commodities are sold above their market-value. If the market-value is changed, then there will also be a change in the conditions under which the total quantity of commodities can be sold. If the market-value falls, then the average social demand increases (always referring to the solvent demand) and can absorb a larger quantity of commodities within certain limits. If the market-value rises, then the solvent social demand for commodities is reduced and smaller quantities of them are absorbed. Hence if supply and demand regulate the market-price, or rather the deviations of market-prices from market-values, it is true, on the other hand, that the market-value regulates the proportions of supply and demand, or the center around which supply and demand cause the market-prices to fluctuate.
If we look closer at the matter, we find that the conditions determining the value of some individual commodity become effective, in this instance, as conditions determining the value of the total quantities of a certain kind. For, generally speaking, capitalist production is from the outset a mass-production. And even other, less developed, modes of production carry small quantities of products, the result of the work of many small producers, to market as co-operative products, at least in the main lines of production, concentrating and accumulating them for sale in the hands of relatively few merchants. Such commodities are regarded as co-operative products of an entire line of production, or of a greater or smaller part of this line.
We remark by the way that the "social demand," in other words, that which regulates the principle of demand, is essentially conditioned on the mutual relations of the different economic classes and their relative economic positions, that is to say, first, on the proportion of the total surplus-value to the wages, and secondly, on the proportion of the various parts into which surplus-value is divided (profit, interest, ground-rent, taxes, etc.). And this shows once more that absolutely nothing can be explained by the relation of supply and demand, unless the basis has first been ascertained, on which this relation rests.
Although both commodity and money represent units of exchange-value and use-value, we have already seen in volume I, chapter I, 3, that in buying and selling both of these functions are polarised at the two extremes, the commodity (seller) representing the use-value, and the money (buyer) the exchange-value. It was one of the first conditions for the sale of a commodity that it should have a use-value and satisfy some social need. The other essential condition was that the quantity of labor contained in a certain commodity should represent socially necessary labor, so that its individual value (and what amounts to the same under the present assumption, its selling price) should coincide with its social value.
Now let us apply this to the mass of commodities on the market, which represent the product of a whole sphere of production. The matter will be most easily explained by regarding this whole mass of commodities, coming from one line of production, as one single commodity, and the sum of the prices of the many identical commodities as one price. In that case the statements made in regard to one individual commodity apply literally to the mass of commodities sent to the market by one entire line of production. The postulate that the individual value of a commodity should correspond to its social value has then the significance that the total quantity of commodities contains the quantity of social labor necessary for its production, and that the value of this mass is equal to its market-value.
Now let us assume that the bulk of these commodities has been produced under approximately the same normal conditions of social labor, so that this social value is at the same time identical with the individual value of the individual commodities constituting this mass. In that case, a relatively small portion of these commodities may have been produced below, and another above, these conditions, so that the individual value of the one portion is greater, and that of the other smaller, than the average value of the bulk of the commodities, but in such proportions that these extremes balance one another. The average value of the commodities in these extremes is then equal to the average value of the great bulk of average commodities. Under such circumstances, the market-value is determined by the value of the commodities produced under average conditions. The value of the entire mass of commodities is equal to the actual sum of the values of all individual commodities combined, no matter whether they were produced under average conditions, or under conditions above or below the average. In this case, the market-value, or the social value, of the mass of commodities—the necessary labor time contained in them—is determined by the value of the average bulk.
Let us assume, on the other hand, that the total mass of commodities brought to market remains the same, while the value of the commodities produced under the least favorable conditions is not balanced by the value of the commodities produced under the most favorable conditions, so that the mass of commodities produced under the least favorable conditions constitutes a relatively large quantity, compared to the average mass as well as to the other extreme. In that case the mass produced under the least favorable conditions determines the market-value, or social value.
Take it, finally, that the mass of commodities produced under the most favorable conditions is considerable in excess of the mass produced under the least favorable conditions, and is large even compared with the average mass. Then the mass produced under the most favorable conditions determines the market-value. We leave aside the question of a transfer of the market, whenever the mass of commodities produced under the most favorable conditions regulates the market-price. We are not dealing here with the market-price in so far as it differs from the market-value, but with the various modes of determining the market-value itself.
In fact, assuming the strictest case (which, or course, is realised only approximately and with a thousand modifications) of our first illustration, the market-value regulated by the average values of the total mass of commodities is equal to the sum of their individual values, although this market-value is forced as an average value upon the commodities produced at the extremes. Those who produce under the worst conditions must then sell their commodities below their individual values; those producing under the best conditions sell them above their individual values.
In the second case, the two lots of commodities produced as the two extremes do not balance one another. The lot produced under the worst conditions decides the question. Strictly speaking, the average price, or the market-value, of every individual commodity, or of every aliquot part of the total mass, would now be determined by the total value of the mass as ascertained by the addition of the values of the commodities produced under different conditions, and by the aliquot part of this total value falling to the share of the individual commodity. The market-value thus ascertained would be above the individual value, not only of the commodities belonging to the most favorable extreme, but also of those belonging to the average lot. But still it would be below the individual value of the commodities produced at the most unfavorable extreme. The extent to which this market-value would approach the individual value of this extreme, or coincide with it, would depend entirely on the volume occupied in that sphere of commodities by the lot of commodities produced at the unfavorable extreme. If the demand exceeds the supply but slightly, then the individual value of the unfavorably produced commodities regulates the market-price.
Finally, if the lot of commodities produced at the most favorable extreme occupies the greatest space, as it does in the third case, compared not only to the other extreme, but also to the average lot, then the market-value falls below the average value. The average value, computed by the addition of the sum of values of the two extremes and of the middle, stands here below that of the middle, and approaches it or recedes from it, according to the relative space occupied by the favorable extreme. If the demand is weak compared to the supply, then the favorably situated part, whatever may be its size, makes room for itself forcibly by contracting its price down to its individual value. The market-value cannot coincide with this individual value of the commodities produced under the most favorable conditions, except when the supply far exceeds the demand.
This mode of determining market-values, which we have here outlined abstractly, is promoted on the real market by competition among the buyers, provided that the demand is just large enough to absorb the quantity of commodities at the values fixed in this manner. And this brings us to the second point.
2) To say that a commodity has a use-value is merely to say that it satisfies some social want. So long as we were dealing simply with individual commodities, we could assume that the demand for any one commodity—its price implying its quantity—existed without inquiring into the extent to which this demand required satisfaction. But this question of the extent of a certain demand becomes essential, whenever the product of some entire line of production is placed on one side, and the social demand for it on the other. In that case it becomes necessary to consider the amount, the quantity, of this social demand.
In the foregoing statements referring to market-value, the assumption was that the mass of the produced commodities remains the same given quantity, and that a change takes place only in the proportions of the elements constituting this mass and produced under different conditions, so that the market-value of the same mass of commodities is differently regulated. Let us suppose that this mass is of a quantity equal to the ordinary supply, leaving aside the possibility that a portion of the produced commodities may be temporarily withdrawn from the market. Now, if the demand for this mass also remains the same, then this commodity will be sold at its market-value; no matter which one of the three aforementioned cases may regulate this market-value. This mass of commodities does not only satisfy a demand, but satisfies it to its full social extent. On the other hand, if the quantity is smaller than the demand for it, then the market-prices differ from the market-values. And the first differentiation is that the market-value is always regulated by the commodity produced under the least favorable circumstances, if the supply is too small, and by the commodity produced under the most favorable conditions, if the supply is too large. In other words, one of the extremes determines the market-value, in spite of the fact that the proportion of the masses produced under different conditions ought to bring about a different result. If the difference between demand and supply of the product is very considerable, then the market-price will likewise differ considerably from the market-value in either direction. Now, the difference between the quantity of the produced commodities and the quantity of commodities which fixes their sale at their market-value may be due to two reasons. Either the quantity itself varies, by decreasing or increasing, so that there would be a reproduction on a different scale than the one which regulated a certain market-value. If so, then the supply changes while the demand remains unchanged, and we have a relative overproduction or underproduction. Or, the reproduction, and the supply, remain the same, while the demand is reduced or increased, which may take place for several reasons. If so, then the absolute magnitude of the supply is unchanged, while its relative magnitude, compared to the demand, has changed. The effect is the same as in the first case, only it acts in the opposite direction. Finally, if changes take place on both sides, either in opposite directions, or, if in the same direction, not to the same extent, in other words, if changes take place on both sides which alter the former proportion between these sides, then the final result must always lead to one of the two above mentioned cases.
The real difficulty in determining the meaning of the concepts supply and demand is that they seem to amount to a tautology. Consider first the supply, either the product on the market, or the product which can be supplied to the market. In order to avoid useless details, we shall consider only the mass annually reproduced in every given line of production and leave out of the question the varying faculty of some commodities to withdraw from the market and go into storage for consumption at a later time, for instance next year. This annual reproduction is expressed in a certain quantity, in weight or numbers, according to whether this mass of commodities is measured continuously or discontinuously. They represent not only use-value satisfying human wants, but these use-values are on the market in definite quantities. In the second place, this quantity of commodities has a definite market-value, which may be expressed by a multiple of the market-value of the individual commodity, or of the measure, which serve as units. There is, then, no necessary connection between the quantitative volume of the commodities on the market and their market-value, since many commodities have, for instance, a high specific value, others a low specific value, so that a given sum of values may be represented by a very large quantity of some, and a very small quantity of other commodities. There is only this connection between the quantity of articles on the market and the market-value of these articles: Given a certain basis for the productivity of labor in every particular sphere of production, the production of a certain quantity of articles requires a definite quantity of social labor time; but this proportion differs in different spheres of production and stands in no internal relation to the usefulness of these articles or the particular nature of their use-values. Assuming all other circumstances to be equal, and a certain quantity a of some commodity to cost b labor time, a quantity na of the same commodity will cost nb labor-time. Furthermore, if society wants to satisfy some demand and have articles produced for this purpose, it must pay for them. Since the production of commodities is accompanied by a division of labor, society buys these articles by devoting to their production a portion of its available labor-time. Society buys them by spending a definite quantity of the labor-time over which it disposes. That part of society, to which the division of labor assigns the task of employing its labor in the production of the desired article, must be given an equivalent for it by other social labor incorporated in articles which it wants. There is, however, no necessary, but only an accidental, connection between the volume of society's demand for a certain article and the volume represented by the production of this article in the total production, or the quantity of social labor spent on this article, the aliquot part of the total labor-power spent by society in the production of this article. True, every individual article, or every definite quantity of any kind of commodities, contains, perhaps, only the social labor required for its production, and from this point of view the market-value of this entire mass of commodities of a certain kind represents only necessary labor. Nevertheless, if this commodity has been produced in excess of the temporary demand of society for it, so much of the social labor has been wasted, and in that case this mass of commodities represents a much smaller quantity of labor on the market than is actually incorporated in it. (Only when production will be under the conscious and prearranged control of society, will society establish a direct relation between the quantity of social labor time employed in the production of definite articles and the quantity of the demand of society for them.) The commodities must then be sold below their market-value, and a portion of them may even become unsaleable. The opposite takes place, if the quantity of social labor employed in the production of a certain kind of commodities is too small to meet the social demand for them. But if the quantity of social labor spent in the production of a certain article corresponds to the social demand for it, so that the quantity produced is that which is the ordinary on that scale of production and for that same demand, then the article is sold at its market-value. The exchange, or sale, of commodities at their value is the rational way, the natural law of their equilibrium. It must be the point of departure for the explanation of deviations from it, not vice versa the deviations the basis on which this law is explained.
Now let us look at the other side, the demand.
Commodities are bought either as means of production or means of subsistence, in order to be used for productive or individual consumption. It does not alter matters that some commodities may serve both ends. There is, then, a demand for them on the part of the producers (who are capitalists in this case, since we have assumed that the means of production have been transformed into capital) and on the part of the consumers. It appears at first sight as though these two sides ought to have a corresponding quantity of social demands offset by a corresponding quantity of social supplies in the various lines of production. If the cotton industry is to accomplish its annual reproduction on a given scale, it must produce the usual quantity of cotton and an additional quantity determined by the annual extension of reproduction through the necessities of accumulating capital, always assuming other circumstances to remain the same. This is also true of means of subsistence. The working class must find at least the same quantity of necessities on hand, if it is to continue living in the accustomed way, although these necessities may be of different kinds and differently distributed. And there must be an additional quantity to allow for the annual increase of population. This applies with more or less modification to the other classes.
It would seem, then, that there is on the side of demand a definite magnitude of social wants which require for their satisfaction a definite quantity of certain articles on the market. But the quantity demanded by these wants is very elastic and changing. Its fixedness is but apparent. If the means of subsistence were cheaper, or money-wages higher, the laborers would buy more of them, and a greater "social demand" would be manifested for this kind of commodities, leaving aside the question of paupers, whose "demand" is even below the narrowest limits of their physical wants. On the other hand, if cotton were cheaper, the demand of the capitalists for it would increase, more additional capital would be thrown into the cotton industry, etc. It must never be forgotten that the demand for productive consumption is a demand of capitalists, under our assumption, and that its essential purpose is the production of surplus-value, so that commodities are produced only to this end. Still this does not argue against the fact that the capitalist as a buyer, for instance of cotton, represents the demand for this cotton. Moreover it is immaterial to the seller of cotton, whether the buyer converts it into shirting or into guncotton, or whether he intends to make it into wads for his and the world's ears. But it does exert a considerable influence on the way in which the capitalist acts as a buyer. His demand for cotton is essentially modified by the fact that he disguises thereby his real demand, that of making profits. The limits within which the need for commodities on the market, the demand, differs quantitatively from the actual social need, varies naturally considerably for different commodities; in other words, the difference between the demanded quantity of commodities and that quantity which would be demanded, if the money-prices of the commodities, or other conditions concerning the money or living of the buyers, were different.
Nothing is easier than to realise the inequalities of demand and supply, and the resulting deviation of market-prices from market-values. The real difficulty consists in determining what is meant by balancing supply and demand.
Demand and supply balance one another, when their mutual proportions are such that the mass of commodities of a definite line of production can be sold at their market-value, neither above nor below it. That is the first thing we hear.
The second is this: If the commodities are sold at their market-values, then supply and demand balance.
If demand and supply balance, then they cease to have any effect, and for this very reason commodities are sold at their market-values. If two forces exert themselves equally in opposite directions, they balance one another, they have no influence at all on the outside, and any phenomena taking place at the same time must be explained by other causes than the influence of these forces. If demand and supply balance one another, they cease to explain anything, they do not affect market-values, and therefore leave us even more in the dark than before concerning the reasons for the expression of the market-value in just a certain sum of money and no other. It is evident that the essential fundamental laws of production cannot be explained by the interaction of supply and demand (quite aside from a deeper analysis of these two motive forces of social production, which would be out of place here). For these laws cannot be observed in their pure state, until the effects of supply and demand are suspended, are balanced. As a matter of fact supply and demand never balance, or, if they do, it is by mere accident, it is scientifically rated at zero, it is considered as not happening. But political economy assumes that supply and demand balance one another. Why? For no other reason, primarily, than to be able to study phenomena in their fundamental relations, in that elementary form which corresponds to their conception, that is to say, to study them unhampered by the disturbing interference of supply and demand. The other reason is to find the actual tendencies of economic movements and to fix them, as it were. For the inequalities are of an antagonistic nature, and since they continually follow one after another, they balance one another by their opposite movements, by their opposition. Since supply and demand never balance each other in any given case, their differences follow one another in such a way that supply and demand are always balanced only when looking at them from the point of view of a greater or smaller period of time. For the result of a deviation in one direction is a deviation in the opposite direction. Such a balance is only an average of past movements, a result of a continual movement in contradictions. By this means the market-prices differing from the market-values reduce one another to the average of market-values and balance the different plus and minus in their divergencies. And this average figure has not merely a theoretical, but also a practical, value for capital, since its investment is calculated on the fluctuations and compensations of more or less fixed periods of time.
The relation of demand and supply explains, therefore, on the one hand only the deviations of market-prices from market-values, and on the other the tendency to balance these deviations, in other words, to suspend the effect of the relation of demand and supply. (Such exceptions as commodities having prices without having any value are not considered here.) Demand and supply may bring about a balance in the effect caused by their inequalities in many different ways. For instance, if the demand, and consequently the market-price, fall, capital may be withdrawn and the supply reduced. But instead it may happen that the market-value itself is reduced and balanced with the market-price through inventions, which reduce the necessary labor time. Vice versa, if the demand increases, and consequently the market-price rises above the market-value, too much capital may flow into this line of production and production may be increased to such an extent, that the market-price finally falls below the market-value. Or, it may lead to a rise of prices which cuts down the demand. It may also bring about a rise in the market-value itself for a shorter or longer time, in some lines of production, in which a portion of the desired products must be produced under more unfavorable conditions during this period.
If demand and supply determine the market-price, so does the market-price, and in the further analysis the market-value determine demand and supply. This is obvious in the case of demand, which moves in opposition to price, rising when prices fall, and falling when prices rise. But it may also be noted in the case of supply. For the prices of the means of production which are incorporated in the supplied commodities determine the demand for these means of production, and thus the supply of the commodities whose supply implies the demand for these means of production. The prices of cotton are determining elements for the supply of cotton goods.
This confusion of a determination of prices by demand and supply, and at the same time a determination of supply and demand by prices, is worse confounded by the determination of the supply by the demand, and the demand by supply, of the market by production, and of production by the market.
Even the ordinary economist (see our foot-note) recognizes that the proportion between supply and demand may vary in consequence of a change in the market-value of commodities, without a change in the demand of supply by external circumstances. The author of the Observations continues after the passage quoted in the foot-note: "This proportion" (between demand and supply) "however, if we still mean by 'demand' and 'natural price' what we meant just now, when referring to Adam Smith, must always be a proportion of equality; for it is only when the supply is equal to the effectual demand, that is, to that demand, which will pay neither more nor less than the natural price, that the natural price is in fact paid; consequently there may be two very different natural prices, at different times, for the same commodity, and yet the proportion which the supply bears to the demand, be in both cases the same, namely the proportion of equality." It is admitted, then, that with two different natural prices of the same commodity at different times demand and supply may balance one another and must balance one another, if the commodity is to be sold at its natural price in both instances. Since there is no difference in the proportion of supply and demand in either case, but only a difference in the magnitude of the natural price itself, it follows that this price is determined independently of demand and supply, and cannot very well be determined by them.
In order that a commodity may be sold at its market-value, that is to say, in proportion to the necessary social labor contained in it, the total quantity of social labor devoted to the total mass of this kind of commodities must correspond to the quantity of the social demand for them, meaning the solvent social demand. Competition, the fluctuations of market-prices which correspond to the fluctuations of demand and supply, tend continually to reduce the total quantity of labor devoted to each kind of commodities to this scale.
The proportion of supply and demand repeats, in the first place, the relation of the use-value and exchange-value of commodities, of commodity and money, of buyer and seller; in the second place, the relation of producer and consumer, although both of them may be represented by third merchants. In studying buyers and sellers, it is sufficient to confront them individually, in order to set forth their relations. Three individuals suffice for the complete metamorphosis of commodities, and therefore for the complete transactions of sale and purchase. A converts his commodity into the money of B, to whom he sells his commodity, and he reconverts his money into commodities which he buys for it from C. The whole transaction takes place between these three. Furthermore: In the study of money it had been assumed that the commodities are sold at their values, because there was no reason to take into consideration any divergence of prices from values, it being a question of changes of form experienced by the commodities in their transformation into money and their reconversion from money into commodities. As soon as a commodity has been sold and a new commodity bought with the receipts, we have the entire metamorphosis before us, and for the consideration of this process it is immaterial whether the price of the commodity stands above or below its value. The value of the commodity is essential as a basis, because the concept of money cannot be developed on any other foundation but this one, and because price, in its general meaning, is but value in the form of money. Of course, it is assumed in the study of money as a medium of circulation that more than one metamorphosis of a certain commodity takes place. It is the social interrelation of these metamorphoses which is studied. Only by this means do we arrive at the circulation of money and at the development of its function as a medium of circulation. While this connection of the matter is very important for the transition of money into its function of a circulating medium, and for its resulting change of form, it is of no moment for the transaction between the individual buyer and seller.
In a question of supply and demand, however, the supply means the sum of the sellers, or producers, of a certain kind of commodities, and the demand the sum of the buyers, or consumers, of the same kind of commodities (both productive and individual consumers). There two bodies react on one another as units, as aggregate forces. The individual counts here only as a part of a social power, as an atom of some mass, and it is in this form that competition enforces the social character of production and consumption.
That side of competition, which is momentarily the weaker, is also that in which the individual acts independently of the mass of his competitors and often works against them, whereby the dependence of one upon the other is impressed upon them, while the stronger side always acts more or less unitedly against its antagonist. If the demand for this particular kind of commodities is larger than the supply, then one buyer outbids another, within certain limits, and thereby raises the price of the commodity for all of them above the market-price, while on the other hand the sellers unite in trying to sell at a high price. If, vice versa, the supply exceeds the demand, some one begins to dispose of his goods at a cheaper rate and the others must follow, while the buyers unite in their efforts to depress the market-price as much as possible below the market-value. The common interest is appreciated only so long as each gains more by it than without it. And common action ceases, as soon as this or that side becomes the weaker, when each one tries to get out of it by his own devices with as little loss as possible. Again, if some one produces more cheaply and can sell more goods, thus assuming more room on the market by selling below the current market-price, or market-value, he does it, and thereby he begins an action which gradually compels the others to introduce the cheaper mode of production and which reduces the socially necessary labor to a new, and lower, level. If one side has the advantage, every one belonging to it gains. It is as though they had exerted their common monopoly. If one side is the weaker, then every one may try on his own hook to be the stronger (for instance, any one working with lower costs of production), or at least to get off as easily as possible, and in that case he does not care in the least for his neighbor, although his actions affect not only himself, but also all his fellow strugglers.
Demand and supply imply the transformation of values into market-prices, and to the extent that they proceed on a capitalist basis, to the extent that the commodities are products of capital, they are based on capitalist processes, that is, on quite different and more complicated conditions than the mere purchase and sale of goods. In these capitalist processes it is not a question of the formal conversion of the value of commodities, into prices, not a question of a mere change of form. It is a matter of definite differences in quantity between market-prices and market-values, and, further, prices of production. In simple purchases and sales, it is enough to consider merely the producers of articles as such. But supply and demand, in a wider analysis, imply the existence of different classes and sections of classes which divide the total revenue of society among themselves and consume it as revenue among themselves, which, therefore, constitute the demand in the form of revenue. On the other hand, the attempt to grasp the question of the supply and demand among the producers as such requires an analysis of the total conformation of the capitalist process of production.
Under capitalist production it is not a question of merely throwing a certain mass of values into circulation and exchanging that mass for equal values in some other form, whether of money or other commodities, but it is also a question of advancing capital in production and realising on it as much surplus-value, or profit, in proportion to its magnitude, as any other capital of the same or of other magnitudes in whatever line of production. It is a question, then, of selling the commodities at least at prices which will yield the average profit, in other words, at prices of production. Capital comes in this form to a realisation of the social nature of its power, in which every capitalist participates in proportion to his share in the total social capital.
In the first place, capitalist production is essentially indifferent to the particular use-value, or the peculiarity, of any commodity produced by it. In every sphere of production it is the sole purpose of production to secure surplus-value, to appropriate in the product of labor a certain quantity of unpaid labor. And it is likewise the nature of the wage-labor subject to capital to be indifferent to the specific character of its labor, to transform itself in accord with the requirements of capital, and to submit to being transferred from one sphere of production to another.
In the second place, one sphere of production is now as good or as bad as another. Every one of them yields the same profit, and every one of them would be useless, if the commodities produced by them did not satisfy some social need.
Now, if the commodities are sold at their values, then, as we have shown, considerably different rates of profit arise in the various spheres of production, according to the different organic composition of the masses of capital invested in them. But capital withdraws from spheres with low rates of profit and invades others which yield a higher rate. By means of this incessant emigration and immigration, in one word, by its distribution among the various spheres in accord with a rise of the rate of profit here, and its fall there, it brings about such a proportion of supply to demand that the average profit in the various spheres of production becomes the same, so that values are converted into prices of production. This equilibration is accomplished by capital in a more or less perfect degree to the extent that capitalist development is advanced in a certain nation, in other words, to the extent that conditions in the respective countries are adapted to the capitalist mode of production. As capitalist development proceeds, it develops also its own peculiar conditions and subjects to its specific character and its immanent laws all the social requirements on which the process of production is based.
The incessant equilibration of the continual differences is accomplished so much quicker, 1), the more movable capital is, the easier it can be shifted from one sphere and one place to another; 2) the quicker labor-power can be transferred from one sphere to another and from one local point of production to another. The first condition implies complete freedom of trade in the interior of society and the removal of all monopolies with the exception of those which naturally arise out of the capitalist mode of production. It implies, furthermore, the development of the credit-system, which concentrates the inorganic mass of the disposable social capital instead of leaving it in the hands of individual capitalists. Finally it implies a subordination of the various spheres of production to the control of capitalists. This last implication is of itself included in the assumption that it is a question of a transformation of values into prices of production in all capitalistically exploited spheres of production. But this equilibration meets great obstacles, whenever numerous and large spheres of production, which are not operated on a capitalistic basis (such as farming by small farmers), are interpolated between the capitalist spheres and interrelated with them. A great density of population is also a requirement.—The second condition implies the abolition of all laws which prevent the laborers from moving from one sphere of production to another and from one local center of production to another; an indifference of the laborer to the nature of his labor; the greatest possible reduction of labor in all spheres of production to simple labor; the elimination of all craft prejudices among laborers; and last, not least, a subjugation of the laborer under the capitalist mode of production. More detailed statements concerning these points belong in a special analysis of competition.
It follows from the foregoing that the individual capitalist as well as the capitalists as a whole in each particular sphere of production are participants in the exploitation of the total working class by the total capital, and in the degree of that exploitation, not only out of general class sympathy, but also for direct economic reasons, because, assuming all other conditions, among them the value of the advanced constant capital, to be given, the average rate of profit depends on the intensity of exploitation of the total labor by the total capital.
The average profit coincides with the average surplus-value produced for each 100 of capital, and so far as the surplus-value is concerned, the foregoing statements apply as a matter of course. In the determination of the rate of profit, the value of the advanced capital becomes an additional element. In fact, the direct interest taken by the capitalist, or the capital, of any individual sphere of production in the exploitation of the laborers directly employed by him, or it, is limited to the endeavor to make an extra gain, a profit exceeding the average, either by exceptional overwork, or by a reduction of wages below the average, or by an exceptional productivity of labor. Aside from this, a capitalist who would not employ any variable capital, and therefore no laborers (an exaggerated assumption), would be as much interested in the exploitation of the working class by capital, and would derive his profit quite as much from unpaid surplus-labor, as a capitalist who would employ only variable capital (another exaggeration), and who would invest his entire capital in wages. The degree of exploitation of labor depends on the average intensity of labor, if the working day is given, and on the length of the working day, if the average intensity of exploitation is given. The degree of exploitation of labor determines the size of the rate of surplus-value, and therefore the size of the mass of surplus-value for a given total mass of variable capital, and consequently the magnitude of the profit. The individual capitalist, as distinguished from his sphere, has the same special interest in the exploitation of the laborers personally employed by him that the capital of a certain sphere, as distinguished from the total social capital, has in the exploitation of the laborers directly employed by it.
On the other hand, every particular sphere of capital, and every individual capitalist, has the same interest in the productivity of the social labor employed by the total capital. For two things depend on this productivity: In the first place, the mass of use-values by which the average profit is expressed; and this is doubly important, where this average profit serves as a fund for the accumulation of new capital and as a fund for revenue to be spent in enjoyment. In the second place, the amount of the value of the total capital invested (constant and variable), which, with a given amount of surplus-value, or profit, for the whole capitalist class, determines the rate of profit, or the profit on a certain percentage of capital. The special productivity of labor in any particular sphere, or in any individual business of this sphere, interests only those capitalists who are directly engaged in it, since it enables that particular sphere, or that individual capitalist, to make an extra profit over that of the total capital.
Here, then, we have the mathematically exact demonstration, how it is that the capitalists form a veritable freemason society arrayed against the whole working class, however much they may treat each other as false brothers in the competition among themselves.
The price of production includes the average profit. We call it price of production. It is, as a matter of fact, the same thing which Adam Smith calls natural price, Ricardo price of production, or cost of production, and the physiocrats prix nécessaire, because it is in the long run a prerequisite of supply, of the reproduction of commodities in every individual sphere. But none of them has revealed the difference between price of production and value. We can well understand, then, why these same economists, who always resist a determination of the value of commodities by labor-time, by the quantity of labor contained in them, always speak of prices of production as centers, around which market-prices fluctuate. They can afford to do that, because the price of production is an utterly external and, at first glance, meaningless form of the value of commodities, a form as seen in competition and thus reflected in the mind of the vulgar capitalist, and consequently in that of the vulgar economists.
Our analysis resulted in the discovery that the market-value (and everything said concerning it applies with the necessary modifications to the price of production) implies a surplus-profit for those who produce in any particular sphere of production under the most favorable conditions. With the exception of crises, and of over-production in general, this applies to all market-prices, no matter how much they may deviate from market-values or market-prices of production. For the market-price signifies that the same price is paid for commodities of the same kind, although they may have been produced under very different individual conditions and may have considerably different cost-prices. (We do not speak at this point of any surplus-profits due to monopolies in the strict meaning of the term, whether they are artificial or natural.)
A surplus-profit may also arise, when certain spheres of production are in a position to evade the conversion of the values of their commodities into prices of production, and thus a reduction of their profits to the average profit. We shall devote more attention to the further modifications of these two forms of surplus-profit in the part dealing with ground-rent. | <urn:uuid:3adfdf92-8216-445c-9ef2-e2e697a08660> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.econlib.org/library/YPDBooks/Marx/mrxCpC10.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00505-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956473 | 12,858 | 3.078125 | 3 |
As I sit down to write this column, we are approximately four hours into “the most significant presidential election since 1860.” Whether or not you agree with this bit of hyperbole, I believe that one of the positive indirect effects of the interminable cacophony of offensive political speech has been to underscore the importance of actually exercising our right to vote. While the attention of the nation has been riveted primarily on the presidential race, decisions on the hundreds of down-ballot candidates and propositions will benefit from the increased attention of voters who make the effort to vote mostly because they want to have a voice in presidential elections.
In my honest opinion, voting is not only a right, but a duty, a sacred, secular duty that far too many citizens, for one reason or another, do not perform. I recently ran across a report on voter turnout prepared by the Pew Research Center. With a 53.6 percent turnout in the country’s most recent (2012) national leadership election, the United States ranks 13th among developed nations, just behind Poland (53.6 percent) and just ahead of Japan (52 percent). Belgium (87.2 percent) and Turkey (84.3 percent) were number one and two on the list, because voting is compulsory in these countries. But, turnout in Sweden (82.6 percent), South Korea (80.4 percent), Israel (76.1 percent) and France (71.2 percent) make the U.S. results look anemic.
What could possibly account for these disparities? Maybe the citizens of these countries are just more civic-minded and responsible people than we are. I think this is unlikely, and it certainly doesn’t square with the image that we Americans have of ourselves.
No, the sad truth is that the United States has a long history of voter suppression and that it continues to this day. The Founder’s vision, explicitly excluded women and slaves and left to the states the creation of other constraints on voting. That changed with the 14th Amendment in 1868, but did not eliminate voter suppression, which continued overtly for the black population, led by Democrats mostly in the South. This Civil Rights Act of 1964 provided the basis for change in the south, but change was slow. Following Richard Nixon’s successful “southern strategy” in 1968, the tools of voter suppression shifted to Republicans. Since 1980 leading Republicans at all levels of government have routinely, in moments of candor, acknowledged their use of a wide variety of techniques designed to suppress turnout of voters they expect to vote for Democrats. The party still operates under a 1982 consent decree based on explicit voter intimidation practices in New Jersey. More recently, Republican-led state legislatures and elected state elections officials have resorted to such creative tactics, as restrictive voter registration and voter ID requirements, eliminating polling places, restricting early and absentee voting, purging eligible voters from voting rolls and a host of more insidious efforts.
I do not think that the majority of Republicans, either politicians or voters, condone voter suppression, but the critical mass of Republicans who are prepared to use these tactics is sufficient to have a massive impact overall. The best evidence of this is Oregon. In 1998 citizens authorized the use of mail-in ballots for state elections. Today, Oregon leads the nation in voter turnout, which recently hit 71.6 percent, matching European levels of participation. If we make it easier for people to vote, they are ready and willing to do so.
In the upcoming legislative session, I will be submitting legislation to facilitate in-person absentee voting, which is the closest Virginia comes to early voting. Admittedly, this is a small step, which will not do much to improve turnout. Still, I am hopeful that this legislation – which should not be controversial – will succeed. Unfortunately, I fear that the majority in our Republican-led House of Delegates do not share my passion for increasing voter turnout in Virginia.
Delegate Kory represents the 38th District in the Virginia House of Delegates. She may be emailed at [email protected] | <urn:uuid:2c16d555-15ef-4567-967c-faf1009e60e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fcnp.com/2016/11/09/front-row-kaye-korys-richmond-report-4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.956178 | 834 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Safety is a top priority for workers who work in hazardous environments every day, including firefighters, police officers, and industrial electrical contractors.
This will help reduce the chance of being injured. Electricians must adhere to safe work practices, as they are exposed to electrocution and arc flash every day. However, It would be best to get help from Brighton licensed electricians for hire.
Here are some common safety tips and practices to improve safety at work.
It is essential to ensure a safe workplace by ensuring that all employees are trained in safety procedures and protocol. Safety training is essential for workers. They must know their responsibilities in preventing accidents.
This includes knowing how to handle fuses and equipment properly and what to do in an emergency. When working in certain environments, permits and proper electrical certification are required.
Maintenance of Equipment:
Safety at work is a major concern for electrical equipment maintenance. To prevent injuries and accidents, equipment must be regularly inspected and tested. Although it may seem tedious now, preventative maintenance can help prevent a loss of production or an unexpected breakdown.
The heat and flames can cause injury to electricians. Protective gear is essential to prevent burns or other injuries. To keep sparks, dust, and debris from reaching the eyes, gloves and sleeves protect the arms and hands.
Make sure you check with your clothing distributor to ensure that uniforms and clothes are flame-resistant and arc protected. Flammable apparel can be made more effective by layering. Fabric technology advances have allowed these clothes to last longer. | <urn:uuid:4465d825-ad3f-429b-a849-41a6ca6b6a7e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gretnaoldparishchurch.com/tag/brighton-licensed-electricians-for-hire/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.951003 | 320 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Chris Harvey, Marketing Manager at Stelrad Radiators, explains how the latest radiators can be up to 50% more efficient than 2000 era models – while adding to the design of any room.
Over the decades the standard radiator has evolved significantly. Notably, technical improvements in radiator design and manufacture has improved their energy performance levels.
Radiators manufactured after 2000 can be up to 50% more efficient than older radiators, due to the increased surface area of newer radiators and the improved convection fins. ‘Radiator’ may be the wrong word for these heating appliances. Only 20% of the heat generated by a standard radiator is actually radiant heat – 80% is caused by convection – cool air being ‘dragged up’ behind and through the radiator in convection currents, warming the air as it flows.
The need for speed
Modern radiators also offer more energy efficiency because they heat up more quickly than older radiators, due in the main to lower water content – typically around 24% less water in modern radiators than those pre-2000. The relatively recent arrival of K3 radiators to the UK – three panels and three convection fins – has seen the potential for even greater heating and efficiency benefits from radiators with the same wall ‘footprint in the more common single or double panel formats.
Radical from Stelrad offers 50% more radiant heat than a standard parallel feed radiator, 23% faster heat up and 53% hotter front panel with significantly less heat loss from the back panel. In independent assessments it offers a 10.5% reduction in energy bills.
In addition, the arrival of specially designed vertical radiators has allowed for new aesthetically pleasing designs. These allow for larger heating areas but for smaller horizontal footprints, freeing up wall space but allowing for more heat to be generated – well suited for larger rooms in today’s new homes.
But can radiators, however energy efficient, be genuinely attractive? Even a few years ago, the suggestion that a radiator could become a focal point of the décor in a home would have been met with something between a raised eyebrow and total disbelief.
Designer radiators have been around for a long time, but initially most designer radiators were targeted at bathrooms and possibly kitchens. They tended to be chrome plated, and to be designed as towel rails rather than as fully functional heating appliances to install throughout a home.
New homes developers were the first to start the trend for heated towel rails in bathrooms as a mass market and now pretty much every home has a ‘posh rad’ in its bathroom or wet room.
Things have come a long way in a short time, with a myriad of designer radiators available for interior decorators and switched on housebuilders and developers to incorporate in their designs and décor.
The proof of the pudding, as they say, is in the eating and when supposedly staid radiator manufacturers unleash a range of high quality, highly functional but exceptionally good looking designer radiators, alongside their traditional and still very successful steel panel offerings, you know that a trend has become mainstream.
Splash of colour
But perhaps the most impressive change in radiators in the past few years has been the huge increase in colours that radiators are available in nowadays. To paraphrase the famous quip by Henry Ford traditionally you could have radiators in ‘any colour so long as it was white’. Stelrad now offers many of its models in up to 35 different colours – with a small delivery waiting time – to get exactly the right colours and shades for interior décor purposes. | <urn:uuid:0a0ccdf8-0a85-45e1-b823-a1f713534dea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://phpdonline.co.uk/features/radiator-efficiency/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.961637 | 748 | 2.265625 | 2 |
4 Mins Read
Nearly two-thirds of the global population say that climate change is an emergency that must be addressed, in what is the world’s largest public opinion poll on climate change to date. The U.N. survey, organised with the University of Oxford, involved more than 1.2 million respondents spanning 50 countries – including half a million people under the age of 18 thanks to the use of unconventional digital polling methods that could reach the traditionally unrepresented demographic.
The world has spoken and have given a resounding yes to wide-ranging policies to tackle the climate crisis, despite the ongoing coronavirus pandemic in a new global opinion poll. Carried out by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the University of Oxford between October and December 2020, the People’s Climate Vote represents the world’s biggest public opinion survey on climate change, covering 50 countries with over half of the world’s population.
More than 1.2 million people responded to the survey, including half a million people under the age of 18, a constituency that has for years been unable to make their voices heard in politics as they are typically unable to vote in regular elections. In many participating countries, it also marked the first-ever time that large-scale polling has been conducted on the topic of climate change, asking respondents whether they see the issue as a global emergency and their views on eight key action policies.
Over two-thirds of respondents – 64% – believe that climate change is a global crisis, in what is the clearest indication of the world consensus that more must be done to tackle the biggest planetary threat we face today. Results also showed that people want broad climate policies that go beyond current government commitments.
The results of the survey clearly illustrate that urgent climate action has broad support amongst people around the globe, across nationalities, age, gender and education level.Achim Steiner, Administrator, UNDP
Measures that received the most public support include forest and land conservation (54%), a shift to renewable energy sources (53%), the adoption of climate-friendly farming methods (52%) and investment in green businesses and jobs (50%).
Interestingly, the least popular policies were plant-based diets (30%) and affordable insurance (32%), despite the fact that the former has been highlighted as one of the most crucial actions individuals can take to reduce their carbon footprint, given the enormous emissions stemming from the animal agriculture industry. In the report, the authors do note that the policy does not signify that people are “against” such measures, but simply suggests indifference or an “opportunity for further education”.
While the younger generation were more likely to say that climate change is an emergency, the data crucially shows that there is widespread agreement across all age groups, with more than half (58%) of people over 60 years of age calling for action on the climate crisis.
“The results of the survey clearly illustrate that urgent climate action has broad support amongst people around the globe, across nationalities, age, gender and education level,” said Achim Steiner, administrator at the UNDP.
“But more than that, the poll reveals how people want their policymakers to tackle the crisis. From climate-friendly farming to protecting nature and investing in a green recovery from Covid-19, the survey brings the voice of the people to the forefront of the climate debate.”
The survey additionally found a direct correlation between a person’s level of education and their likelihood to back climate action, with very high recognition of the climate crisis recorded among those who were university or college educated in all countries – including those in lower-income states like Bhutan (82%), as well as wealthy states like Japan (82%) and France (87%).
In order to attract participation from hard-to-reach audiences, such as youth below the age of 18, the poll was distributed across mobile gaming networks like advertisements in video games like Angry Birds, Sudoku and Words With Friends. Experts at the University of Oxford then weighted the enormous sample, ensuring that it would be representative in terms of age, gender and education profiles in the survey.
Recognition of the climate emergency is much more widespread than previously thought. We’ve also found that most people clearly want a strong and wide-raging policy response.Professor Stephen Fisher, University of Oxford
“The survey…has shown us that mobile gaming networks can not only reach a lot of people, they can engage different kinds of people in a diverse group of countries,” commented sociology Professor Stephen Fisher at the University of Oxford.
“The Peoples’ Climate Vote has delivered a treasure trove of data on public opinion that we’ve never seen before. Recognition of the climate emergency is much more widespread than previously thought. We’ve also found that most people clearly want a strong and wide-raging policy response.”
These results will no doubt put much-needed pressure on countries to ramp up their climate commitments when they come together for the key U.N. climate conference negotiations in Glasgow in November this year.
Lead image courtesy of Shutterstock. | <urn:uuid:a870d9c5-60ce-4b1a-ace6-f64fc2d7e1ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/world-largest-climate-vote-sees-majority-of-global-public-back-urgent-action/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.957482 | 1,060 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Multiple choice must be one of the most common question types in the history of education. I’m sure we all answered them when we were at school and we have all given these question types to our students.
When I was at school, we used to call them ‘multiple guess’ questions, because we knew that even if we didn’t have any idea what the correct answer was, it had to be one of the choices, so we had a 1 in 4 or 1 in 5 chance of guessing the answer correctly.
In the movie tutorial you will see how to insert the dropdown menu, add your choices and also add a ‘help text’ which can be used to give clues or the correct answer.
Here’s document with some interactive fields in. Click on them and then push F1 on your keyboard to see how they work.
- Direct students to a part of the text
- Remind them about time relationships (for verb tense exercises)
- Remind them of context
- Remind them about part of speech or word morphology
- Give them pronunciation clues (it sounds like)
- Give a translation
- Remind them of the unit of the coursebook / lesson when you covered the topic
You also need to be careful in your choice of words both when you select the word that you want to use from the dropdown activity and when you add your choices.
If you are selecting words from a text, then look for clues within the context which will help the students to deduce which word is correct.
When you add the ‘distractor’ words, try to make them reasonable alternatives. You could use this exercise to focus students on common problems, by using errors from their own written texts and the correct version as alternatives. If you do this, don’t focus only on their negative aspects, but also try to include some of their positive aspects of their work, like good use of vocabulary.
Anyway, hope you find this useful and by all means leave a comment if you have used this feature in other ways. | <urn:uuid:01625183-58c5-40ac-9e45-8d983e711452> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://nikpeachey.blogspot.com/2007/11/interactive-multiple-choice-activities.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00126-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959889 | 431 | 4.5 | 4 |
Provide a bid strategy using the same firm and scenario from the first assignment.
Write a three to five (3-5) page paper in which you:
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Davis Forestry Company is a service disabled veteran company. The Line of business (LOB) is a term used to describe particular products that serve as a customer transaction services or a certain business need. Davis forestry line of business is the clearance of vegetation, and we have specialized in overhead utility power line clearance for all voltages. Davis forestry has well-trained personnel with necessary standards to carry out the work. There is more than 100 personnel, and they all can carry out works like wood chipper operation, NPTC qualifications, they also do treetop rescue, aerial platform operation. There are also experienced surveyors, senior authorized personnel for shut down operations, administration personnel, accountants and data management staff. All of the staff are trained in health and safety.
Landscape services-National weather service’s Peachtree City GA is a federal opportunity, which was posted on July 01, 2015. It is located Western Acquisition- Division-Boulder under the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Davis Forestry ambitions or strategies are business integrity, social responsibility, Innovation, protection of the environment, health and safety and business growth. The company has a motto of Excellence through innovation (Franklin,2009).
Soft indicators use to check on the progress rather than starting securing a job. The reason behind Monitoring and evaluating projects is to reduce work-less-ness. They gather information about the soft outcomes. They then cover information about the distance covered towards employability. The importance of soft indicators is that;
- They can give a true or a rounded picture of the real success of projects. This will help it demonstrate to funders or a potential funder.
- They also give a better picture of clients. This is to show their distance towards employability.
- Employers value these soft skills in clients. Also, this will help them boost their confidence.
The soft indicators in the company are motivation and feeling responsible, confidence and self-esteem, recognition of prior skills, health, and fitness, concentration and engagement, rights and responsibilities. Others are for the core work skills that are communication, interpersonal skills, problem-solving, verbal and numerical reasoning, planning, and prioritizing.
SWOT analysis enables firms and organizations to identify both internal and external influences. It identifies the weakness, opportunity and threats (Kumar, 2010)
Strength is something that helps an activity to succeed. A positive condition works in the favor of the activity
A weakness is the opposite of the strength. It has a negative impact on activity.
An opportunity is innovative that makes an activity more successful.
A threat is something that harms or reduces chances of success in activities. They may be external or internal.
- Availability of resources
- Availability of qualified personnel
- Community support
- Government support - - Support from investors
- Economic stability
- Improvement of indigenous knowledge systems and technology
- Improvement of forestry education
- Supportive government
- Good leadership
- Good infrastructure Weakness Threat
- Lack of enough finance and micro programs
- Community lacking information and education on what to do
- Uncertain and the complex government regulations
- Inadequate manpower - Adverse political intervention
- There is possible failure in implementation of contracted rules or promised activities
- Mismanagement of funds
- Lack of long term plans by the government
- Lack of resources in the company
- Corruption in bidding of works (Kumar, 2010)
Gap analysis is a tool used in identifying gaps in conservation lands. (protected areas and nature reserves)
The principles of gap analysis are redundancy, resilience,
The following are steps of gap analysis:
- Identify focal biodiversity and setting key targets
- Evaluating the map occurrence and status bio-density.
- Analyzing and Mapping the occurrence and of protected areas.
- Use the information to identifying gaps.
- Prioritize gaps to be filled.
- Take action.
Franklin, M. (2009). Performance gap analysis: Human performance improvement. Alexandria, VA: ASTD Press.
Kumar, S. A. (2010). Entrepreneurship development. New Delhi: New Age International.
|Due By (Pacific Time)||10/29/2015 12:00 pm|
out of 1971 reviews
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out of 680 reviews | <urn:uuid:c6697340-613b-4050-a307-9c4e7d69478d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.acemyhw.com/projects/86978/Business/bid-strategy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00100-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.909143 | 970 | 2.09375 | 2 |
The technology creates a signature that is compared against one from the original file to determine whether the video has been altered. According to NEC this will allow the owners of the video to automatically "detect illegal copies" and "prevent illegal upload of video content" without their consent.
NEC claims that each frame has its own signature, meaning that even minute changes to the file such as adding subtitles, watermarks or dogtags, and of course cutting out adverts, will alter the overall signature of the video.
The firm touts the efficiency of its algorithm, saying that a bog standard PC can search through 1,000 hours video in just one second. Quite what the firm's definition of a "home-class" PC would be interesting to know as we can't quite figure out how even a dual core 3GHz box can go through the 104 billion checks for 1,000 hours of video in a mere second.
NEC also claims that its technology will do away with the current manual checking by members of the movie industry and ISPs to spot dodgy videos.
While all this sounds great for the movie studios, technologies such as this are usually circumvented by the equally smart filesharing community. The time it takes for the movie studios to adopt this latest technology in their never ending battle against filesharers will determine how quickly it is cracked.
Nonetheless, the inclusion of NEC's video signature technology should mean that the Mpeg 7 standard will finally step out from the shadows and get recognised by Hollywood executives, who might chose to encode their future titles with it. | <urn:uuid:b674cea3-aabc-4a28-97bb-09c2f35ca227> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pcauthority.com.au/News/174226,nec-announces-video-checking-technology.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00029-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954873 | 319 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Information relative to the distribution
of the ants of the Colorado and Mojave Deserts has been cited by
three different methods. First indicated is RANGE: here is
cited, in general terms, the total known range of the species. This
is followed by DESERT RECORDS: under this heading the range
of the species within the Mojave and Colorado Deserts is indicated.
In the case of species for which there are many records a general
statement is made.
Where there are few records (usually
fewer than 20) collection data are cited in full: locality, date,
collector(s), field numbers (where apropos) and depository of the
Collection sites for each record for
each species are indicated on the xx (number) distribution maps.
Maps were plotted by means of a computer program Versamap,
available as a download and based on longitude and latitude. When
precise coordinates were unknown (as was true for almost all earlier
records) these were estimated to the nearest minute. Certain assumptions
had to be made during this process. For example, a specimen label
that reads "11 mi W Needles" almost certainly should be
corrected to read "11 mi NW"; there are no roads extending
that far west of Needles and the collection was most probably made
along the highway (old Hwy 66) which runs northwest out of Needles.
Of course, on the scale of these maps, such a slight distinction
is hardly evident.
A few abbreviations in data citation
are used, in addition to those of specimen depositories, already
noted above under
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. These are: ABDP, Anza-Borrego Desert State
Park; DG, Derham Giuliani collector; DVNP, Death Valley National
Monument; GJW, George and Jeanette Wheeler collectors; JTNP, Joshua
Tree National Monument; RRS, R.R. Snelling collector; RRS &
CDG, R.R. Snelling & C.D. George collectors; WSC, W.S. Creighton | <urn:uuid:aa240591-d62f-46db-a864-0f9dbe1ddee2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://desertants.org/indexpages/datacites.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.923891 | 461 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Al Qaeda disavowal of ISIS opens door to other jihadist groups(Read article summary)
Jabhat al-Nusra, Al Qaeda's designated affiliate in Syria, has avoided the infighting with other Syrian rebel groups that was ISIS's downfall. It could see its support surge.
A daily roundup of terrorism and security issues
Al Qaeda’s leadership has publicly broken ties with its one-time Iraqi affiliate, now operating in Syria, a move that has significant implications for the fractured Syrian opposition and highlights the changing influence of Al Qaeda over emerging radical groups.
The Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is “not a branch of Al Qaeda,” and has no “organizational relationship with it and [al-Qaeda] is not the group responsible for their actions,” read a statement issued by the terrorist group’s Pakistan-based command center Monday.
ISIS got its start in Iraq during the US occupation as Al Qaeda in Iraq, renamed itself the Islamic State of Iraq in 2006, and expanded to Syria, becoming the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, last year. It has been called on repeatedly by Al Qaeda head Ayman al-Zawahiri to withdraw from Syria, where it has clashed with another jihadist group, Jabhat al-Nusra, reports Agence France-Presse.
ISIS claimed to have merged with Jabhat al-Nusra, but Mr. Zawahiri and Jabhat al-Nusra both rejected the statement. The latter has since been deemed Al Qaeda's official affiliate in Syria, and stands to benefit from the latest twist, Charles Lister, a visiting fellow at Brookings Doha Center, writes.
Nonetheless, this represents a strong and forthright move by [Al Qaeda central] and will undoubtedly serve to further consolidate Jabhat al-Nusra’s role as Al Qaeda’s official presence in Syria. Noticeably, Jabhat al-Nusra units in several areas of Syria have, for several months now, been referring to themselves as Tanzim Qaedat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Sham, and thus effectively identifying themselves as “Al Qaeda in Syria.” Jabhat al-Nusra has played a remarkably smart strategy in Syria, with pragmatism proving to have been critical in determining the group’s continued success. Considering its solid al-Qaida links, it is incredibly ironic that Jabhat al-Nusra has effectively been accepted as an almost mainstream actor in many areas of the country.
ISIS is accused of targeting Syrian civilians as well as other rebel groups in Syria in a bid to impose its strict interpretation of Islam on Syrians. After months of witnessing its extreme tactics, several of the Syrian rebel groups rose up against ISIS in the early days of 2014, leading to intense infighting. In some parts of the country, the primary battle is now between ISIS and other extreme rebel groups, not the rebels and the Syrian regime.
The Christian Science Monitor describes the divide:
ISIS’s brutal treatment of civilians in areas under its control and kidnappings and assassinations of commanders and fighters of other rebel groups tested the patience of the opposition. The bulk of ISIS is composed of non-Syrians who appeared more intent on consolidating control of territory and imposing strict Islamic law than in fighting the Assad regime.
Rebel groups accuse ISIS of intransigence, among other things, comparing it unfavorably to Jabhat al-Nusra, another Al Qaeda affiliate but one that is more flexible in dealing with rebel factions and is more Syria-centric. The Syrian political opposition has repeatedly accused ISIS of acting in collusion with the Assad regime. Haitham al-Maleh, a leading Syrian democracy activist, described ISIS early this month as “a mine planted by the Assad regime in the revolution's body to warn the international community of approaching or interfering in Syrian issues.”
Certainly, the Assad regime regularly points to ISIS as an example of the enemy it faces in an attempt to dissuade the West from supporting the armed Syrian opposition.
"So long as it continues, these inter-group hostilities make any kind of provincial, let alone national, opposition victory in Syria highly unlikely,” Mr. Lister wrote.
Syrian rebel groups battling ISIS have been distracted from their fight against Mr. Assad’s regime, but once they refocus on the Syrian leader, they could be a much stronger foe, according to The Christian Science Monitor.
Mr. Assad may rejoice at the sight of his enemies fighting each other, evidence perhaps of further disarray within the opposition. But the campaign against ISIS (also sometimes known as ISIL) appears to demonstrate improved coordination and unity among leading rebel groups, which could make them a more formidable fighting force when their full attention shifts back to the regime. The Assad regime could then face an Islamist-dominated, battle-hardened, coordinated, and unified rebel opposition better able to confront the Syrian Army and its allies than at present.
The New York Times reports that Al Qaeda’s break with ISIS will “probably spark competition for resources and fighters between the two sides in what has become a civil war within a civil war. The test for Zawahri’s influence will be whether his decision leads fighters to quit the Islamic State.”
Some analysts see Zawahiri’s move in severing ties with ISIS as a way to measure his control over other Al Qaeda affiliates worldwide. McClatchy reports that, “if ISIS survives the expulsion and continues to hold onto its positions inside Syria, it likely will mean that central al Qaida’s ability to command their operations will have collapsed.”
The Christian Science Monitor’s Dan Murphy writes that Al Qaeda has “long struggled with controlling its Iraqi offshoot,” and Zawahiri’s announcement this week may not do much to change that:
It turns out that local armies fighting local wars are more interested in their parochial concerns than Zawahiri's quixotic hope for a global jihad to remake the world order and that their commanders aren't particularly interested in taking their orders from a group based thousands of miles away.Zawahiri has been trying to assert control over ISIS for over a year, with little success....
Zawahiri has never been able to bring the Iraqi fighters under his thumb. One of the earliest leaders of Al Qaeda in Iraq was the Jordanian Abu Musab al-Zarqawi (later killed in a US airstrike) and their tentative alliance came apart in 2005. In a letter to Zarqawi in 2005, Zawahiri's frustration was palpable.
"If we look at the two short-term goals, which are removing the Americans and establishing an Islamic emirate in Iraq, or a caliphate if possible, then we will see that the strongest weapon which the mujahedeen enjoy – after the help and granting of success by God – is popular support from the Muslim masses in Iraq, and the surrounding Muslim countries," he wrote then, warning of the "scenes of slaughter" of captives and civilians that the Iraqi group was daily carrying out. Zawahiri told Zarqawi that he was alienating the Iraqi people and undermining his cause.
Zarqawi and his followers ignored Zawahiri, increased the tempo of sectarian attacks targeting Shiite civilians, and created the conditions that saw many Sunni Iraqi tribes turn on them violently in 2007.
That history appears to be repeating itself in Syria - though with the added wrinkle of other jihadi groups like [Jabhat al-Nusra] that may maintain longer term links with the Al Qaeda led by Zawahiri.
Lister writes that patience with ISIS seems to be running out from all corners, with ISIS fighters being openly encouraged to defect.
Also last night, prominent Saudi Salafi cleric Dr. Abdullah bin Mohammed al-Moheisini issued a statement regarding his so-called Umma Initiative – a peace plan aimed at healing hostile divisions between ISIL and other armed groups in Syria. The plan has received statements of support from every strategically notable group in Syria, except ISIL, who issued qualifications for their involvement that effectively rendered the plan null and void. Moheisini’s statement last night essentially represented a direct appeal to ISIL leader Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi to re-assess his group’s opposition to the Umma Initiative. | <urn:uuid:2f120a89-bddf-4f14-b6fa-1b941955ef8f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://m.csmonitor.com/World/Security-Watch/terrorism-security/2014/0204/Al-Qaeda-disavowal-of-ISIS-opens-door-to-other-jihadist-groups | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00112-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965831 | 1,723 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Intel plans to help companies address this problem at the end of the year. At its recent developers conference, the company announced the Intel Anti-Theft Technology, which will debut in the fourth quarter. This new capability will be added to Intel's Active Management Technology, which is part of its Centrino vPro microprocessor, and allow IT managers to remotely access and configure laptops. If a device is lost or stolen, the IT department can basically shut it down, so sensitive data will not fall prey to outside intrusion. Similar solutions have been available from a variety of vendors. Absolute Software, McAfee, and Tometa Software have software solutions that protect confidential information. Lenovo Group, Fujitsu Siemens Computers and Phoenix Technologies have come up with combinations of hardware and software to lock down the devices. The benefit of having Intel take on some of this responsibility is it will come integrated in users mobile systems, so small and medium businesses do not have to take on any additional integration work. Because these companies now rely on laptop computers than ever before, the integration of these features into core capabilities is a welcome sign, one that help them secure sensitive information more easily.
Do many of your users work with laptop systems? What security checks do you have in place to help with this? Do you feel confident that users follow them? | <urn:uuid:c44fde42-7707-4672-b1ee-3bfdddbbf6ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.darkreading.com/risk/locking-down-stolen-laptops-about-to-become-simpler | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.941713 | 272 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Bridges House Governor's Residence
January 09. 2014 3:20PM
Marker Number: 67
Name and date established: Concord 1970,1979
Description: This house, on land long occupied by Revolutionary Veteran Joshua Thompson, was built by Charles Graham about 1836. Styles Bridges, Governor of New Hampshire (1935-36) and U.S. Senator for 25 years thereafter, lived here from 1946 until his death. Left to the state upon the death of his widow, it became in 1969 the Governor's official residence.
Location: Located in East Concord, just north of Exit 16 off Interstate 93, on the west side of Route 132. | <urn:uuid:0d3ffe6a-3b1b-459f-b666-3064ed5d5c9f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.newhampshire.com/article/99999999/NEWHAMPSHIRE0310/110429515/0/NEWHAMPSHIRE0508 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00511-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948621 | 135 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Animation Creator HD
Posted by Keri Svoboda |
Posted in Digital Canvas - Apps & Accessories
All freshmen this semester felt the burn of animation when they participated in the FlipBoom Draw! competition this Spring of 2012. From the feedback we received from the freshman, we are under the impression that this experience was not as pleasant as the DCI would have hoped. Glitches, inability to add sound, and the poor selection for tools made this competition difficult. Animation Creator HD changes things for the iPad and makes it easier than ever before by allowing the users to add the things that they really need. Tools are available so that the student is no longer inhibited by poor programming. Tools like personal sound, unique brushes (like those found in the Brushes app), and adjusting the speed of your drawings all contribute to efficient animation production.
Animation Creator HD offers users many more options than any other animation app. But let's just start with the tools panel. Here's a rundown of the tools you can use:
- Brush, typical brush tool, but editable in the stroke panel. Look for all of the possibilities with opacity and stroke types like in the Brushes app!
- Pen, the clean line-work tool the best adjuster to speed and ink
- Pencil,typical pencil. Not as much flexibility as the brush, but very clear speed sensitivity
- Eraser, erases stuff, what more do you want?
- Line, Makes straight lines so you don't have to
- Square, Makes rectangular shapes
- Circle, Makes perfect circles, not ellipses...
- Spray paint, grainy filler. Doesn't look too professional, but it's there
- Paint bucket, see a big area you wanna fill? Take the paint bucket and let it spill!
- Eyedropper, take the color that you had somewhere else
- Move Tool, don't redraw something a million times, just move it!
- Crop, a little annoying when you have to go back and click on this tool every time you want to use it, but this tool minimizes "zoom" work in animations
- Camera Roll, Pick a picture from your gallery
- Photo, take a picture to match what you need. You can use this tool to get your proportions more accurate in slow turns (just put it on a lower layer) by using multiple shots
The audio panel allows users to add personalized sound. Sorry folks, audio tracks from your itunes selection aren't included here, but this is not a bad thing! This often takes out the issue of copyright when it comes to animations.
But what's backdrop? What's Layers? Easy! Backdrop is whatever you want to be included in the background, including photos that you could do a little rotoscoping with! You could also achieve this through using the Layers panel by putting colors, lines, and photos all on different layers and animating them separately.
This is a brief example of the kind of animation you can do with Animation Creator HD, made by yours truly.
This is truly the application that should have been used for the competition earlier this year. Again, DCI apologizes for all of the software problems that came with the FlipBoom Draw! application. By creating a full-length animation on this application, I have not experienced any obvious issues. I never had this application crash on me, and I have not had any complaints about the interface. But, I must remind the blog audience to EXPLORE the interface and not just take my word for it. This is the app that should have gotten the 5 of 5 stars and not FlipBoom Draw for all of the options that makes animating something easy. Better than that, it's cheaper than FlipBoom Draw too!
Animation Creator HD in iTunes! - $0.99
Back to blog listing | <urn:uuid:47c39541-a79e-4712-b170-d652364dd904> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cia.edu/blog/2012/04/animation-creator-hd | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00282-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950837 | 797 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Life Path 5
According to the Life Path 5, you should have a progressive mindset and the ability to use your skills and talents in order make the world a better destination. Freedom is the key word in your Life Path. You are versatile, creative, curious, and innovative in your thinking when you pursue freedom. You are a person who is constantly looking for answers to all the questions life throws at you. Continuous improvement and change are the hallmarks of positive Life Path 5. This is the number that most closely associates with productive freedom.
As the 5 is the most liber-loving and compassionate of all Life Paths, you may be among the most compassionate. You may have a love for freedom that extends to all people. Your concern for the welfare of others, as well as his freedom, may be a primary focus. Abraham Lincoln, a great American Life Path 5 President, was the one who issued the Emancipation Proclamation and abolished slavery in America. Your potential in government, law and other positions of power is limitless as a progressive thinker.
You’re a great communicator and can motivate others. This is your most important and strongest trait. This skill and your natural wit make you a natural born salesman. You are able to motivate and sell any type of product, as well as any ideas or concepts.
You hate monotony and boring work and aren’t good at managing your time. The average number five personality is happy-go-lucky and focuses on today rather than worrying about tomorrow. You should also look for a job that offers challenging tasks and not repetitive responsibilities. Although you are best at dealing with people, it is important that you have the ability to express yourself. You are able to quickly think through complicated matters, analyze them quickly and then move on to something else.
Your life may be dominated by a love for adventure. You may feel this in the form of a mental or physical manifestation. However, you love the opportunity to explore new places and discover new things. You are a member of a group that is considered to be the most traveled and worldly. You aren’t one to miss a great opportunity. Your personality is a lot more risk-taking than you realize. You are likely to take on a variety of risks every day if you don’t put your money at risk. It is not your nature to be conservative.
You hate being restricted and tied down in romance. It doesn’t mean you are promiscuous or unfaithful, but you need to be able to communicate your feelings. You will not find a partner who is jealous or has tight reins. If you can trust your partner and understand that you need to be free and trustworthy, you will be trusted even if you’re not always available or completely reliable. You should be open to a variety of people, but avoid demanding and serious ones.
You are likely to be multitalented but lacking direction if you live on the negative side. You may be discontented, impulsive and restless. This could lead to you jumping from one job or another without achieving much. Negative Life Path 5 can lead to irresponsibility in your home and business decisions. You may become obsessed with sensations and adventures and lose sight of the feelings of others around you. | <urn:uuid:2aad459b-851e-4175-98e3-78db34ae225d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://numerologynamecorrection.com/life-path-5/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.962235 | 672 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Discipleship is a vital part of every believer’s growth. We are commanded by God to make disciples (Matthew 28). In order to make disciples, we must first understand what it means to be a disciple. A disciple is a follower of Jesus Christ who strives daily to obey His commands. The goal of discipleship is always to become Christ-like even though we use different methods and techniques. Reading into God’s Word and learning to hear His voice are key parts to becoming a disciple. We believe while you are growing and maturing as a disciple that you can help teach others. Discipleship is simply showing someone what you have already learned and how to walk with Jesus. This is a life time process. We all need to be pouring into someone as well as having someone pour into us at all stages of our walk.
William Temple said, "To worship is to quicken the conscience by the holiness of God, to feed the mind with the truth of God, to purge the imagination by the beauty of God, to open the heart to the love of God, and devote the will to the purpose of God." At NorthBridge, our passion is to build a lifestyle of worship into every member. Genuine worship only has one leader, Jesus Christ. Because we submit and follow him all our live's actions are to be done as worship to God. Christ, through His Holy Spirit, is alive and present in all His function. He promises to inhabit the praises of His people (Psalm 22) and we expect His Holy presence to change all of us. When we worship together things occur that can't occur individually. We welcome the Holy Spirit in our worship and expect Him to use each of us to minister. In order to do this, we utilize many teams to lead which allow many people's gifts to function and build up the church body. Everyone has a role and a place to use their gifts in worship.
He decreed statutes for Jacob and established the law in Israel, which he commanded our ancestors to teach their children, so the next generation would know them, even the children yet to be born,and they in turn would tell their children. Then they would put their trust in God and would not forget his deeds but would keep his commands." PSALM 78:5-7
This passage shows us that God has a multi-generational view of the purpose of families. He has never intended for only 1 generation to know Him or His ways. Scripture is replete with commands and exhortations for God's people to raise godly children. At NorthBridge, our passion is FAMILY! We strive to equip parents to be the spiritual leaders of their homes and to train their children for spiritual and physical godliness and success. Ephesians 6:4 commands fathers to "bring up your children in the training and admonition of the Lord." While we believe God gives parents the incredible opportunity to lead their families in worship and diligently teach their children the Word of God. (Deuteronomy 6) We know this is not an easy task and it won't happen unless we're intentional to do so. Thank God that His grace, wisdom and power are available to every parent to accomplish this noble work. Our heart is to provide an environment for every child to put their faith in God and His word by accepting Jesus as their savior and the Holy Spirit as their guide.
Children's Ministry is available for 1st-5th grade.
The mission of the NorthBridge Nursery is to nurture and care for children in a Christ-centered environment. We desire to aid parents in their efforts to disciple and train their children to be followers of Jesus. Nursery is available for infants - kindergarten during corporate worship services and during other scheduled NorthBridge events. Age-appropriate toys and books are provided in each class. Nursery workers are carefully selected to ensure they are a good fit for the church. Background checks are performed on all workers prior to hire. We feel our children are our greatest assets and we treasure them as such.
We believe that the local church is interdependent with the community it is placed in. We were strategically placed in Hahira, GA by the Lord to fill the needs in this area. We work together with the other area churches to meet city-wide needs such as the soup kitchen, the food pantry, the Manna Drop, Valdosta State Prison, and Hahira Community Day. We also meet needs of individuals in the area through a variety of Home Church outreaches and activities throughout the year.
"For I was hungry and you gave me something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I was a stranger and you invited me in, I needed clothes and you clothed me, I was sick and you looked after me, I was in prison and you came to visit me... Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me." | <urn:uuid:be104fce-7aad-4536-867b-7626498d7bfc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nbchahira.org/ministries | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.979466 | 1,054 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Online training recommends therapists…Betterhelp Different Kinds Of Therapy on everything from using emojis to avoiding misinterpretations. They likewise need to safeguard clients’ personal data– a concern that has triggered controversy in the United States, where big online therapy platforms have actually come under the spotlight.
Buckley stated clients need to examine services’ privacy policies prior to registering. “Not all online counselling websites use professionally trained therapists or adhere to a principles policy, so ask your GP for a recommendation in the very first instance. As with all sort of services and assistance, what works for someone may not work for another person,” he said.
Marc Bush, primary policy consultant at Young Minds, stated that while online counselling services are valuable, “they shouldn’t replace face-to-face treatment with a trained specialist. If a young adult is struggling, we would encourage them to speak to their GP in the first circumstances, or to call a recognized service like The Mix, Childline or the Samaritans.”.
For Rackham, who has generalised anxiety condition, online counselling wasn’t the ideal fit. “I felt it was near difficult for the therapist to truly get a sense of the issues I was handling, as all they had to go from was my typed-out words. I think I understood after that online session how vital social interaction was.
” I’m a huge fan of using technology in all areas of my life as an option to everyday issues. I have apps for everything, however when it comes to mental health, you need to select how technology contributes in your recovery very thoroughly.”. Betterhelp Different Kinds Of Therapy
The business explains BetterHelp as the “biggest online therapy platform worldwide,” tailored toward helping individuals handling concerns “such as stress, stress and anxiety, relationships, parenting, anxiety, dependencies, eating, sleeping, injury, anger, family conflicts, LGBT matters, grief, religious beliefs [or] self esteem.” The company’s FAQ section on its site clearly states BetterHelp’s app and therapists should not be utilized for individuals dealing with an extreme mental illness (schizophrenia, bipolar affective disorder) or for people considering self-harm. Rather, the app prides itself on having licensed therapists and mental health specialists available to help people via text, telephone call or video chat. That’s what many YouTubers who have actually accepted sponsorships from the company frequently state in their own videos, where they speak on the tensions in their individual lives and sensations verging on stress and anxiety or anxiety. Bobby Burns, Elle Mills, Philip DeFranco, Heath Hussar, Boogie2988, Shane Dawson and ChandlerNWilson are all developers who have actually Betterhelp Different Kinds Of Therapy sponsors now.
A number of these creators have actually discussed psychological health issues in the past, but as burnout becomes a bigger topic within the community– and mainstream world– sponsorships including BetterHelp have increased, despite the app not being exactly what the developers are touting. | <urn:uuid:4016541a-5ecb-4b35-a56c-6e3a2747f5cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.northernunison.org.uk/betterhelp-different-kinds-of-therapy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.93967 | 638 | 2.1875 | 2 |
The obituary Saturday in The Morning Call noted that Cantor Samuel Weiss, who had been active in the Jewish community and Congregation Sons of Israel in Allentown for more than four decades, retired to Florida in 1994.
That was a year after I got to know him and wrote a story about his World War II experiences as a partisan fighting the Germans in Yugoslavia. He was 73 when I interviewed him, and he told me then about his plans to move south. He lived in Deerfield Beach, Fla., and died Oct. 1 at age 93. As is the case with so many people I’ve written about, I had lost touch with him.
It hurt to hear that he’s gone. I remembered my story from 19 years ago and thought again about his courage and sacrifice in facing the Nazis.
My story ran on a Sunday in May 1993 in the midst of an unstoppable cycle of violence in Bosnia-Herzegovina. An estimated 150,000 people had been killed and 2 million Bosnians had been forced to flee their homes as Balkan Serbs pressed their campaign to live in ethnically pure communities. The story beside mine at the top of Page 1 was headlined, “Bosnia’s defiant Serbs vow to reject peace plan.”
You can’t find my Samuel Weiss story on the Web, so I’m presenting it here in its entirety, along with a photo of him taken in 1944 in Yugoslavia. Here’s the link to Weiss’ obituary on The Morning Call’s website: http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/mcall/obituary.aspx?n=cantor-samuel-weiss&pid=160301357#fbLoggedOut
HE FOUGHT WITH SERBS IN WWII
German army was enemy then; now it’s revenge, says Allentonian
By David Venditta
The Morning Call
May 16, 1993
|The assignment was routine: Blow up a bridge the German army was using to bring munitions and other supplies into Yugoslavia.As dusk closed a summer day in the Serbian countryside, Sam Weiss toiled secretly beneath the bridge, digging a hole for explosives around a pillar. He wielded his pick, mindful of the Nazi SS sentinels pacing the deck high above him.
Weiss grew tired and took a break, edging toward the nearby brush where a Serbian comrade was on the lookout. Then he heard the crack of rifle fire. He bolted. Another shot was fired, and he heard one of the Germans on the bridge shouting the alarm.
Weiss stopped and looked up. He pulled a pistol from inside his jacket, aimed carefully at one of three Germans peering down from the rail, and fired.
Half a century later, Samuel Weiss of Allentown recalls the moment.
“I got him,” he said. “I saw him fall back. I don’t know if I killed him, because I took off.”
He and the other Yugoslav partisan got away. The next week they returned to finish their work, and the bridge came down.
Weiss, a Jew from Czechoslovakia, wanted to dedicate his life to his faith. But for more than three years during World War II, he fought alongside the Serbs to purge their land of the Nazi invaders. He spied on SS officers in saloons, helped ambush German patrols in the mountains and destroyed trains and bridges.
When the German troops retreated, he saw the corpses of hundreds of Jewish slave laborers who had been taken on the march, shot along the road and dumped in craters.
And when the fighting against the Germans in Yugoslavia was over, he went home to find that most of his large family had perished at the Auschwitz death camp in Poland or while laboring elsewhere for the Nazis.
After the war, Weiss studied music and worked in synagogues in Europe for several years, then came to New York. In 1952 he settled in the Lehigh Valley.
At 73, he has been cantor of Congregation Sons of Israel in Allentown for 40 years. When he retires this summer, he and his wife will move to Florida.
But as Weiss nears the end of a career that war wouldn’t let him start, the battleground of his youth is again soaking up the blood of soldiers and innocents.
The war in Bosnia-Herzegovina has become the most destructive European conflict since the days when Weiss’ band of saboteurs roamed the Balkan hills.
And it has brought another horror: the “ethnic cleansing” of Muslims by Bosnian Serbs, a reminder to Weiss and many others of the “final solution” that slaughtered 6 million Jews during the Third Reich.
Reports of Serbian atrocities leave Weiss anguished and angry. When he was in the Yugoslav underground, the Serbs’ passionate defiance of the Nazis inspired him.
“I was very happy to work with the Serbs,” he said. “They are a proud and tough people. By nature, they are a good people. If they like you, they’ll take their last shirt and give it to you.”
Like the Jews, the Serbs were being tortured and murdered by the Germans, Weiss said, so Jews and Serbs shared a common purpose.
“The reason that I see for what’s happening now is that the Serbs are paying back the Muslims for what they did during this time. The Muslims were collaborating with the Germans, and they were pointing out where the partisans were and giving them over to the hands of the Germans, who murdered them.
“But two wrongs don’t make a right. What we did 50 years ago was self-defense. I don’t believe what they are doing now is correct. They’re doing the same thing that the Germans did.
“Only God can take revenge.”
Germans and Muslims weren’t alone in killing Serbs and Jews. They had help from the Croats, who had never been complacent in Yugoslavia.
The treaty that ended the First World War had crafted a kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes out of the decimated Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires. But Serbs and Croats sniped at each other for a decade, with the Croats believing the Serbs dominated the kingdom. In 1929 King Alexander, a Serb, renamed the land Yugoslavia and ruled like a dictator. The Croats seethed and formed a fascist separatist movement called the Ustase.
When World War II broke out in 1939, Yugoslavia claimed to be neutral, but German political pressure and Italy’s invasion of Greece the next year spurred the Yugoslavs to line up with the Axis powers. Not for long, though. Within two days of the signing of the pact, the Yugoslav military overthrew the government.
“Better war than the pact, better death than slavery,” Serbian demonstrators chanted.
Adolf Hitler was miffed. On April 6, 1941, he sent his Luftwaffe to bomb the capital, Belgrade, and his army across the frontier. Yugoslavia collapsed in 11 days, and Hitler dismembered it, rewarding his fellow fascists, the Ustase, with control of an independent Croatia that included all of Bosnia-Herzegovina and 2 million Serbs.
The Ustase butchered Serbs, and in retaliation, Serbian nationalists butchered Croats.
A CAMP FOR JEWS
Into this whirlwind of hate and confusion stepped Weiss, by his own admission an unlikely soldier.
He was born in 1919 in Lozo-Irshavah, a town of several thousand people in the Carpathian region of eastern Czechoslovakia. He was the fourth oldest of nine children. The family was poor. His father earned a meager livelihood buying animal skins from butchers and selling them to leather makers.
But young Weiss had a chance to improve his lot, because he had a gift: He could sing. And because he aspired to be a cantor, he got a scholarship to attend a yeshiva in the state of Slovakia and earned some money there, working in a wholesale grocery store.
“As I was preparing myself for a career in school, trouble started,” Weiss said. “Suddenly, overnight, the state where I was born was overrun by the Hungarian government.”
Hungary — and Poland, too — had snatched disputed frontiers from Czechoslovakia after Britain, France and Italy agreed in 1938 to let Germany have Czechoslovakia’s western border areas.
Weiss had to leave the yeshiva in Slovakia and go home. Months passed.
“Being that I was the age of military service, the Hungarians naturally started to train us and drafted me into the army. So I was taken to the training camps. I was trained for about six months.”
Weiss found it ironic that he was pressed into combat training in the Hungarian army, because in his own country, the Czechoslovakian military wouldn’t have taken him. At 5 feet 2 inches tall, he was too short.
“They transferred us to a camp where only Jewish people were,” Weiss went on. “The training for combat was stopped, and we were given picks and shovels. They put us into a labor camp — we worked a few months here, a few months there.”
Eventually, Weiss and about 5,000 other Jewish laborers were sent to Bor, in eastern Yugoslavia.
“That city was rich for mining. There was a big mountain where camps were already established. The Hungarian army assigned the people to work, so some were assigned to mines. I was assigned to do odds and ends, janitorial kind of work, cleaning up. It was a big place, at least 10,000 people.”
After a while, Weiss was assigned to work in the city for the German command because he could speak and understand German, which he learned in the public school at home. Besides German and his native Czech, he also knew Ukrainian and the Slavic languages.
At the German command, he worked in a large building with many offices.
“My job was to deliver mail. My superior was a German, a nice old man.
“Then they decided to have other offices in the city,” Weiss said. “They assigned me to go delivering messages from one office to the other. I wore a band around my arm indicating I was serving the Germans, and I had documents always with me.
“This gave me a little bit more freedom in the city, so I would stop in to a saloon and have a drink.”
On one of these visits to the bar, Weiss said, “I saw there was a guy sitting there, and he was looking at me. I didn’t think of it, and I walked out. After that I saw him four or five times.
“One time I came in to eat something, and the guy came over to me and sat down next to me and started to tell me he knew who I was and that I shouldn’t be afraid, but he would like to help me and my friends.
“He said, `I know how many people there are in the camp. I know a lot of these things. It’s our job to know. What I’d like you to do is try to round up a few of your friends, and we will make arrangements to help you escape from there.’
“Of course I was suspicious, but I figured, `Well, we’ll see. I’ll let you know.’
“We met again, then I started to talk to my friends in the camp. Some of them said, `I don’t want to take a chance.’ It was very difficult for them to escape, but I was able to convince about a dozen of the younger fellows. The older ones were always afraid.”
The deal was simple: The contact in the saloon would arrange to help the Jewish slave laborers flee the camp, and in return the escapees would join the Yugoslav underground.
Names and pictures of the Jews were passed to the underground, new passports were forged and Weiss’ friends got out without incident.
Then it was Weiss’ turn.
“One day they got me the documents, passports, everything. They provided me with clothing.”
He went to the saloon and met his contact.
“Right from the place where I was talking to him, I made my escape. He already had a truck there, and I changed my clothing and left.”
A German patrol stopped them outside the city, checked their papers and let them pass.
Weiss was taken to a huge cave in one of Serbia’s rugged mountains, where he joined about 20 partisans and learned the saboteur’s trade.
He went willingly, eager to do his part to stop the Germans.
JUST LIKE A SOLDIER
Yugoslav resistance to the Nazi occupation had been swift. After Yugoslavia surrendered, an army colonel and Serbian patriot named Draza Mihajlovic organized bands of guerrillas called Chetniks.
The Chetniks’ work — acts of sabotage and outright military opposition — led to brutal German reprisals. Because he didn’t want to provoke the Germans to massacre more Serbs, Mihajlovic softened his strategy, opting to hold back and strengthen his forces to assist the Allies when they landed on the Adriatic coast.
After the German invasion of the Soviet Union in the summer of 1941, a second resistance movement emerged under the direction of a Croatian Communist, Josip Broz, known as Tito. He ran the operations of irregular units called partisans, whose slogan was “Death to fascism, liberty to the people.”
More aggressive than the Chetniks, the partisans welcomed all foes of the Nazis into their ranks — regardless of nationality or social status.
Weiss was now among them.
The other partisans in Weiss’ unit of about 20 were all Serbs. Four were Jews, including Weiss, who used a Yugoslav name — Rigodah — and spoke to his cohorts in Slavic.
He referred to his fellow saboteurs, none of whom was more than 25 years old, as “the boys.” They traveled in pairs from village to village so that the Germans wouldn’t be suspicious.
“We were always broken up,” Weiss said. “We were never in large groups. One or two people are hard to spot.”
Weiss and his partner, Yanovitch — “a very fine, educated boy” — stayed with fellow partisans and sympathizers who fed and cared for them.
“They knew what our work was, and they were helping us. It didn’t cost us money.”
At times, for the sake of appearance, they worked in the fields.
“There was a life going on, even though it was miserable. But we had to cover up. On the farms, we’d help to collect the bundles of hay, but it was always as a cover-up.”
Once a week, a truck driven by a superior would come to the home where Weiss and Yanovitch were staying. The superior would pick them up and drive them to the mountains, where they would meet in a cave with the others who had been brought there to plan the unit’s next move.
“Sometimes changes came up and we had to be prepared. We were never allowed to take off and go away on our own. There was a strictness in it. We had to be always ready, just like a soldier.
“We had these assignments. We had to blow up railroads, knock off the bridges. And we had to do it not where it’s close to the community,” Weiss said, not only to ensure the safety of Serbs living in the area who would be close to an “action,” but to discourage reprisals against them.
“If our boys would go to a German camp and kill a few soldiers, the Germans would then come into the closest city, and they would make an issue of this, and they would take the mayor out into the public square and hang him right away.
“So naturally we tried to restrain our work. Our superiors would say, `If you get to a camp, don’t kill the Germans. Get them naked and tie them up, but don’t kill them.'”
But there were exceptions to the rule.
“I was on guard on top of a mountain,” Weiss said, recalling one encounter with the enemy, “and the boys were all gathering in the forest, in the trees, and they were expecting a brigade of Germans to come through. It was like an ambush.”
From his vantage point, Weiss saw five small Nazi tanks rumbling along on a curvy mountain road.
“There was always a gap between the troops and the tanks,” he noted.
Weiss watched as the tanks approached the spot where the partisans were waiting.
“The boys dropped themselves down from the trees and on top of the tanks,” he said. “They stabbed the guy who was in the tank, threw him out and took over the tank.”
Quickly, all five tanks were occupied by the partisans, who then turned them around and lined them up to face the approaching Germans.
“The troops were coming in trucks, some were on motorcycles. They were coming and they saw the tanks were stopped and were turned around. They couldn’t understand what happened.”
Before the Germans could react, the partisans sprayed them with bullets from the tanks’ machine guns. The Germans fell, were scattered and fled, and the partisans drove off in the tanks, which they kept to use another day.
A GERMAN-SPEAKING SPY
Weiss’ knowledge of German made him an especially valuable partisan.
“My superior would send an associate of his with me, and we would go where there was a big concentration of German soldiers.”
At saloons in those places, the Germans would gather to drink and get drunk — and talk too much.
“My job was to listen to what they were talking about.”
Once while a fellow partisan waited outside, Weiss went into a bar and hit pay dirt. He overheard one SS officer tell another, “We’re expecting a big shipment of munitions.” Details followed, and Weiss heard them.
“I told my superior what I overheard. He called his superior on the phone and gave him the message in code.”
The pieces of information that Weiss had received were matched with information provided by other spies in the underground. As expected, the train transport was made, but the partisans were ready for it.
“There were about 18 wagons full of munitions. They were exploding for weeks.”
The hazards of these operations were clear to Weiss and his comrades, and high on the list of fears was the possibility of dynamite blowing up prematurely.
“I was afraid mostly when we did sabotage work that we shouldn’t blast away and get killed with it too,” Weiss said. “That was the only time I really had big fear.”
Ambushes from German patrols were a concern, but the partisans, when they neared a site they planned to work at, would first send a few men ahead to determine if there were any signs of the enemy or booby traps.
Weiss said his group lost only one man during the time he served with it.
“One time a guy went out to do something, and he was ambushed by a German patrol — killed on the spot. He wanted to shoot them first, but he wasn’t fast enough.”
Of all the hazards, the most insidious threat came from within. It was the Yugoslavs themselves, the ones who joined the SS, or Schutzstaffel, the elite military unit of the Nazi Party.
“A lot of the SS were from the Yugoslavian people. Some who joined the SS movement were even worse than the Germans themselves. We had to be very careful of them. They could speak our language. We were told: `Watch out for them. They’re very, very dangerous.’ They were the ones who got most of our boys.”
In 1944, the Germans were in deep trouble.
“They had been beaten all over,” Weiss said, “and that’s when we were able to push harder.
“But those miserable Germans, they killed these people who were slaves to them. As they were retreating, they took the people along. Then they killed them off.
“They took them along with them. I’ve never understood why.”
Weiss said he and others in his unit saw the bodies of 400 to 500 people — mostly Jews from the work camps — lying in craters along the route of the German retreat. They had all been shot.
Soon, the fighting against the Germans in Yugoslavia stopped.
“Our superiors called us all together in Belgrade and told us that the war in our section was over. I stayed for a while, just relaxed and took it easy.”
When Weiss returned home to Czechoslovakia, no one was living in his family’s ransacked home. A cousin who had survived Auschwitz told him that his parents and younger siblings had died there. The others had died in Nazi work camps. Of nine children, only Samuel and two brothers were still alive.
The brothers eventually moved to Israel, where they live today.
Weiss pursued his dream, receiving operatic and cantor training at the Vienna Conservatory, and had jobs with several synagogues before he came to the United States in 1948. Two years later in New York, he married Bertha Rosnar, who was also from Czechoslovakia. They have two children, a son in Israel and a daughter in Chester County.
`GIVE HIM BACK WITH LOVE’
The SS trooper on the bridge was the only person Weiss ever shot — and it was only to keep the Germans at bay and buy time for his escape.
“I never was proud of this stuff,” he said. “We Jewish scholars, learned people, we follow the Bible, the Talmud, and we do not look to harm somebody. As soldiers, we have to protect ourselves, but we are always told before we hit somebody or do some harm that we think of him as a human being.
“In fact, the Talmud speaks about it that if somebody is doing harm to you, give him back with love and joy, never revenge, never revenge.” | <urn:uuid:ce9cab02-b65f-47de-aa01-c2b715274181> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://venditta.blog/2012/10/07/samuel-weiss-1919-2012-nazi-fighter-in-yugoslavia/?replytocom=359 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.988834 | 4,862 | 1.890625 | 2 |
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7 Remove the oil with two washes in chloroform and the covershps by dipping in decovershppmg solutron 8.Forex hacked manual | <urn:uuid:78173d7f-e695-4c7c-a7cd-da909cc2b46d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://newspig.ru/jain-forex.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00472-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.902768 | 4,209 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Among the sellers with their ropes, cages, and water tanks were the sellers of little girls. Sometimes just one man would be standing by the side of the road selling one girl. There were fathers and mothers selling their daughters, whom they pushed forward and then pulled back again. My mother turned her face to look at pottery or embroidery rather than at these miserable families who did not have the sense to leave the favored brothers and sisters home.
All the children bore still faces. My mother would not buy from parents, crying and clutching. They would try to keep you talking to find out what kind of mistress you were to your slaves. If they could just hear from the buyer’s own mouth about a chair in the kitchen, they could tell each other in the years to come that their daughter was even now resting in the kitchen chair. It was merciful to give these parents a few details about the garden, a sweet feeble grandmother, food.
My mother would buy her slave from a professional whose little girls stood neatly in a row and bowed together when a customer looked them over. “How do you do, Sir?” They would sing, “How do you do, Madam?” “Let a little slave do your shopping for you,” the older girls chorused. “We’ve been taught to bargain. We’ve been taught to sew. We can cook, and we can knit.” Some of the dealers merely had the children bow quietly. Others had them sing a happy song about flowers.
Unless a group of little girls chanted some especially clever riddle, my mother, who distrusts people with public concerns, braggarts, went over to the quiet older girls with the dignified bows. “Any merchant who advertises ‘Honest Scales’ must have been thinking about weighting them,” she says. Many sellers displayed the sign “Children and Old Men Not Cheated.”
There were girls barely able to toddle carrying infant slaves tied in slings to their backs. In the undisciplined groups the babies crawled into gutters and the older girls each acted as if she were alone, a daughter among slaves. The one-to-two year old babies cost nothing.
“Greet the lady,” the dealer commanded, just as the nice little girls’ mothers had when visitors came.
“How do you do, Lady,” said the girls.
My mother did not need to bow back, and she did not. She overlooked the infants and toddlers and talked to the oldest girls.
“Open your mouth,” she said, and examined teeth. She pulled down eyelids to check for anemia. She picked up the girls’ wrists to sound their pulses, which tell everything.
She stopped at a girl whose strong heart sounded like thunder within the earth, sending its power into her fingertips. “I would not have sold a daughter such as that one,” she told us. My mother could find no flaw in the beat; it matched her own, the real rhythm. There were people jumpy with silly rhythms; broken rhythms; sly, secretive rhythms. They did not follow the sounds of earth-sea-sky and the Chinese language.
My mother brought out the green notebook my father had given her when he left. It had a map of each hemisphere on the inside covers and a clasp that shut it like a pocketbook. “Watch carefully,” she said. With an American pencil, she wrote a word, a felicitous word such as “longevity” or “double joy,” which is symmetrical.
“Look carefully,” she said into the girl’s face. “If you can write this word from memory, I will take you with me. Concentrate now.” She wrote in a plain style and folded the page a moment afterward. The girl took the pencil and wrote surely; she did not leave out a single stroke.
“What would you do,” my mother asked, “if you lost a gold watch in a field?”
“I know a chant on the finger bones,” said the girl. “But even if I landed on the bone that says to look no more, I would go to the middle of the field and search in a spiral going outward until I reached the field’s edge. Then I would believe the chant and look no more.” She drew in my mother’s notebook the field and her spiraling path.
“How do you cast on yarn?”
The girl pantomimed the method with her large hands.
“How much water do you put in the rice pot for a family of five? How do you finish off weaving so that it doesn’t unravel?”
Now it was time to act as if she were very dissatisfied with the slave’s answers so that the dealer would not charge her extra for a skillful worker.
“You tie the loose ends into tassles,” said the girl.
My mother frowned. “But suppose I like a finished border?”
The girl hesitated. “I could, uh, press the fibers under and sew them down. Or how about cutting the fibers off?”
My mother offered the dealer half the price he named. “My mother-in-law asked me to find a weaver for her, and obviously she and I will have to waste many months training this girl.”
“But she can knit and cook,” said the dealer, “and she can find lost watches.” He asked for a price higher than her suggestion but lower than his first.
“I knit and cook and find things,” said my mother. “How else do you suppose I think of such ingenious questions? Do you think I would buy a slave who could outwork me in front of my mother-in-law?” My mother walked off to look at a group of hungry slaves across the street. When she returned, the dealer sold her the girl with the finding chant at my mother’s price.
“I am a doctor,” she told her new slave, when they were out of the dealer’s hearing, “and I shall train you to be my nurse.”
“Doctor,” said the slave, “do you understand that I do know how to finish off my weaving?”
“Yes, we fooled him very well,” said my mother.
The unsold slaves must have watched them with envy. I watched them with envy. My mother’s enthusiasm for me is duller than for the slave girl; nor did I replace the older brother and sister who died while they were still cuddly. Throughout childhood my younger sister said, “When I grow up, I want to be a slave,” and my parents laughed, encouraging her. At department stores I angered my mother when I could not bargain without shame, poor people’s shame. She stood in back of me and prodded and pinched, forcing me to translate her bargaining, word for word.
the preceding is an excerpt from The Woman Warrior by Maxine Hong Kingston | <urn:uuid:1fee6c49-4deb-4b6f-ad1c-5c9d8b3b0717> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.chinaexpat.com/2009/09/16/buying-a-slave.html/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00181-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984354 | 1,542 | 2.453125 | 2 |
After reunification in 1990, significant subsidies previously received by West Berlin were gradually phased out. The industrial base of the former East Berlin declined dramatically over the next decade, leading to an unemployment rate of almost 20% and the stagnation of GDP growth rates until 2005. In 2006, Berlin’s nominal GDP experienced a growth rate of 1.5% (2.7% in Germany). Since then, the unemployment rate has decreased steadily to 13% (Sept / 2008), although it is still higher than the German average (8.4% / Sept / 2007), as well as the EU average (6.7 % / Aug / 2007). Berlin is the capital city of Germany according to itypejob.
Of the thirty companies that make up the German DAX index, Siemens AG and Deutsche Bahn are based in Berlin. Among the 20 largest employers in Berlin are the railway company Deutsche Bahn (DB), the airline Air Berlin (the second largest airline in Germany behind Lufthansa), the company of the famous university hospital Charité, the local public transport company BVG, the service provider Dussmann and Piepenbrock. Bayer Schering Pharma and Berlin Chemie are large city-based pharmaceutical companies. The German headquarters of Universal Music and Sony Music are located in Berlin. Local, national and international television stations, such as RBB, MTV Europe, VIVA, TVB, FAB, N24 and Sat.1, are based in the city.
Berlin Adlershof is one of the 15 largest technology parks in the world. Research and development are of great economic importance, and the Berlin-Brandenburg region ranks among the top three innovative regions in the EU.
The growing tourism sector encompasses 581 hotels with 87,800 beds and around 15.9 million overnight stays, making Berlin the third most visited city in the European Union.
Founded in 1237 as Cölln, Berlin was successively capital of the Kingdom of Prussia (1701 – 1918), of the German Empire (1871 – 1918), of the Weimar Republic (1919 – 1933) and of the Third Reich (1933 – 1945). After World War II, the city was divided; the eastern part of the city became the capital of East Germany, while the western region of the city became an enclave of the Federal Republic of Germany in East Germany. It is one of the most influential cities in the political sphere of the European Union and in the 2006 was chosen Creative City by UNESCO. In 2009 the city received the Prince of Asturias Award for Concord.
The name Berlin seems to come from the words berle or berlin, which in the Polabo language spoken by the Vendos meant non-arable land or uninhabited land, respectively. The etymology of Berlin can also derive from the combination of the word berl (with the possible meaning of swamp) plus the locative Slavic suffix -in, which indicated a place; therefore, its possible meaning is “swampy land.” But, it has nothing to do with the bear on the city shield. The mistake is common, since in German Bär, pronounced [ber], means bear.
The history of Berlin itself is the history of Germany itself, as we know it today. Two towns founded around the year 1200, Berlin and Cölln, were united in 1307 forming a single city of 7,000 residents that kept the name of Berlin. The city entered history in 1415, when it was chosen as the capital of the State of Brandenburg, then one of the many mosaic states that made up the Holy Roman Empire.
- Creation of the German Empire.
As Brandenburg is part of the kingdom of Prussia, Berlin became the capital of the German Empire (in 1871) when Prussia achieved the unification of Germany, after first defeating Austria in the Seven Weeks War (1866) and then ending the Second French Empire by defeating its army in the Franco-Prussian War. Since then it has experienced a considerable demographic increase, going from 824,484 residents in 1871 to 1,888,313 in 1900 and 4,024,165 in 1925. The city became a cultural, architectural and financial center worldwide.
Capital of Nazi Germany, Berlin reached its maximum demographic in 1939 with 4,338,756 residents. The Führer Adolf Hitler planned large-scale urban works by Albert Speer and the renaming of this as Germania, which were not carried out due to the start of World War II, during which most of the city was destroyed by the aerial bombardments carried out by the English Royal Air Force and the USAAF, the aviation of the United States, to which was added the Battle of Berlin against the Soviet army represented by Georgi Zhúkov. Thousands of civilians perished as a result of bombardments and ground battles. After the defeat of the Nazi regime, Berlin was divided into four sectors under the administration of the four allies.
Remodeling of the city
Berlin is currently a large piece of land under construction. Cranes dominate the city landscape, many buildings have been renovated, historic sites such as Potsdamer Platz and iconic buildings such as the Reichstag have returned to their former glory.
The best architects in the world build or rebuild a whole series of public and private buildings. It is expected that by 2015 the Imperial Palace of the city destroyed during World War II will be rebuilt. This project contemplates the creation of a large cultural and commercial center inside the new building, the façade of which will be an exact copy of the original. | <urn:uuid:440211f0-e7a2-45e1-8722-97a7173f55e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.800zipcodes.com/berlin-germany-economy-and-history/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.960715 | 1,171 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Alzheimer's disease affects an estimated 5.4 million people in the United States, some 480,000 of them in California. Nearly half of all people 85 and older will be stricken with the disease. The overall burden of dementia is still higher, with Alzheimer's accounting for only 60 to 80 per cent of dementia cases.
Yet as devastating as these disorders are to the afflicted, they also have a tremendous impact on family members, friends and caregivers. And while many health systems provide excellent care, and community-based organisations offer supportive services, no comprehensive programs exist to meet patients' health needs and the needs of those around them.
Family members are often at a loss to find appropriate care and services for their loved ones, and they typically have few, if any, resources to help them navigate their way through the complex health care system.
"University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) already has top-notch geriatrics, neurology, psychiatry and primary care clinical services," said David Reuben, chief of UCLA's geriatrics division. "But we do not have a comprehensive, coordinated dementia care program. As a result, the many needs of UCLA patients with dementia and their families are commonly unmet."
To address those needs, UCLA is launching its new Alzheimer's and Dementia Care program, which will provide comprehensive, coordinated care, as well as resources and support, to patients and their caregivers.
Patti Davis, the daughter of former President Reagan and Nancy Reagan and a longtime advocate in the fight against Alzheimer's, will be an integral member of the program. Very little was known about Alzheimer's when President Reagan was diagnosed in 1994. Sufferers and their families were left in the dark about what to expect and how to cope with the ravages of the disease, said former first lady Nancy Reagan.
"People did not really talk about their loved ones with Alzheimer's, as if it were something that had to be kept secret," Reagan said. "There was no place to go to learn more, no one to talk to and share our feelings with. It was a very lonely — and frightening — time for us. It is still a lonely time for a lot of people, which is why I am so glad this new program exists. I am pleased and very proud that Patti is a part of it, and I am confident it will help a lot of people."
REHACARE.de; Source: University of California - Los Angeles
- More about the University of California - Los Angeles at: www.uclahealth.org | <urn:uuid:20df5252-8ece-4dde-b0f2-ef8c567f8e4d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.rehacare.com/cgi-bin/md_rehacare/lib/pub/tt.cgi?lang=2&ticket=g_u_e_s_t&oid=31660 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00188-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978114 | 523 | 2.125 | 2 |
This week my post is all about Nutella because they’ve got a new product out in the US, Nutella &Go, and they are also introducing a larger sized jar of Nutella into Costco stores. I’ve had a love of Nutella for years and years and years. I think my cousin, who lived in Germany and discovered the magic of chocolate and hazelnut, clued me in to the loveliness that is Nutella. But it was hard to get back then and my adoration was often sporadic at best. But now, armed with my handy Costco membership, I shall never go Nutella-less again!
For those of you that are like, “what’s Nutella”, I will try to explain but really it is something you need to taste to fully appreciate. Nutella is a hazelnut chocolate spread. The spread is made from hazelnuts and skim milk with a bit of cocoa, as well as palm oil to give it the sheen and spreadability. Is it healthy? No, I don’t think anyone would say that. But it is good. Very, very good. Even though it looks like a melted chocolate bar in a jar, Nutella is actually a lot more hazelnut than chocolate. In Italy, they can’t even market it as a chocolate spread because it doesn’t contain enough cocoa solids to make the cut as being chocolate. It’s really far more about the hazelnuts than about the chocolate, so you do need to like hazelnuts to enjoy Nutella because it big on hazelnut flavour.
This is a big year for Nutella because it marks their 50th anniversary of the first official production of Nutella in 1964. Mr. Ferrero, an Italian bakery owner, actually came up with the Nutella spread (called something else initially) during the 19040s and used the hazelnuts as a way to make the meagre chocolate supply go further; this was during the period of World War II rationing. Then in 1963 his son, Michele, revamped the original formula to make it into the Nutella that we all know and love today. Their first jars of Nutella rolled off their Italian production line on April 20, 1964. And the rest, as they say, is history….tasty, tasty history. And how loved is Nutella? Well, to honor their 50th anniversary the Italian postal service issued a special Nutella stamp in May 2014. And, there’s even a world Nutella Day on February 5!
As I mentioned, I’ve been getting my Nutella fix at Costco for years now. In the US, Costco has a two pack of 750 gram/26.5 ounce jars. Which may seem like a lot of it, but there are so many delicious ways to use it that you won’t have a problem getting through your Nutella stash in the year or so that it will last in the jars (according to the best before dates on the lid). Of course, now, Nutella has set you a new challenge by making their two pack a bit bigger. The new jars are 33.5 ounces/950 grams each, and that’s a whole lotta Nutella. But I have faith in you, Nutella lovers, you can do it. The new sized twin pack of Nutella will be available in all Costco locations in the US by October 1, 2014 and will cost $11.99. Also, the heavy glass jars have been replaced in favour of plastic, which makes them much lighter and obviously unlikely to break now.
If you are wondering how you can use all of your Nutella spread, I have a few suggestions. The most obvious is on toast, of any variety – bagel, white, wheat, multi-grain, or croissants or brioche for a really rich treat. I also like it as a filling for crepes, or as a topping for pancakes and waffles. You can heat it a bit and use it as a sauce for ice cream, which is so so good. If you wanted to be really clever, you could melt your vanilla ice cream a bit and then stir through a ribbon of melty Nutella before popping it back in the freezer to make your own scrumptious ice cream flavour. I’ve also used Nutella as a frosting for cupcakes and in between layers of a cake. If you use it for the a spread between cake layers, you do have to be a bit generous with the amount you use for spreading so that you don’t rip the surface of your cake. You can also use some Nutella as a dipping sauce for fruit, sort of like a chocolate fondue. The Nutella works well with strawberries, pears, and apples, I think. And I won’t tell a soul if you just want to have a big spoonful of Nutella.
The really big news though is that there’s a totally new Nutella product on the shelves of Costco. Now you can get Nutella &Go at Costco too (since August, I believe). As you might guess from the name, this is a portable version of Nutella that is perfect for taking with you for lunch or on a picnic or anywhere you need a little bit of Nutellaness without the big jar. The Nutella &Go is made up of a portion of Nutella and some breadsticks to dip in your Nutella. The package is cute and looks like half a Nutella jar with the interior split in half to keep your Nutella safe while it travels. Lest you think that half of the container is filled with Nutella that you will never be able to get to, don’t worry, the Nutella side is shorter and for the most part easily scooped up with the little breadsticks. Sometimes I get a bit on my fingers trying to scrape out the last little bits of Nutella, but it’s not a big deal. At Costco you get a box of 12, 1.8 ounce individual packages of Nutella &Go for $11.99 or right at $1.00 per individual package. For a little lunchtime treat or afternoon snack, that’s not too bad, and I’m guessing that is a better price than you’ll find them for anywhere else. For right now the Nutella &Go is just being sold in Costco’s US locations, however, later this year they will hit the shelves in Canada’s Costco stores too. For those of us in the UK and Mexico, we’ll have to wait until early 2015 for Nutella &Go to become available in our Costco stores.
I love Nutella so much that I’m having a piece of toast with some of it right now as I write this post because all of this Nutella talk was too much for me. Seriously, I’m not going to say I’m obsessed but I do enjoy the hazelnutty-chocolaty goodness that is Nutella. I can remember feeling elated to find it on the breakfast buffet on our first trip to Sweden and Norway because it wasn’t the staple in my pantry that it is now. They had the cute little individual Nutella packages that I totally wish I could buy at Costco too. And yes, I will admit that every time we go camping in another country, we pick up a little jar of Nutella so that we can have something quick and delicious for breakfast or as dessert. Okay, it does sound like I’m a little nutty for Nutella, huh? Ferrero also makes one of my favourite candy items, the wonderful Ferrero Rocher. I just love the combination of hazelnut and chocolate, I guess.
If you’ve read about the recent issues with the hazelnut crop in Turkey where there was a lot of loss due to frost, don’t worry, this will not cause an issue for those of us that love Ferrero Rocher and Nutella. Ferrero acquire their hazelnuts from many sources, including Italy and the US, and they have made adjustments so that they can deal with the differences in yields. Phew! Ferrero uses about 25% of the global hazelnut supply, so I was really concerned when I read about the crop issues in Turkey. I was worried that I’d need to start hoarding my Nutella supply. But we can all keep spreading the Nutella as usual.
I’ve written about Nutella a lot on my blog (here, here, and here for instance) and think that you will all understand that my love for Nutella is real, even though I did receive the Nutella &Go and the new bigger sized Nutella jars from Ferrero. Even though I did receive these for free, my opinions are my own and genuinely reflect how I feel. | <urn:uuid:3d242f65-1085-440a-91ac-0172e29cc4c1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://addictedtocostco.com/2014/09/27/this-week-at-costco-september-21-2014/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00285-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965622 | 1,855 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Multimedia and Computer Aided Technologies (International Engineering Educator Diploma - Ing Paed IGIP) - Feb 2014
Short course given by Profª. Susan Zvacek in context of FEUP's accreditation by the International Society for Engineering Education to teach a modular set of training actions, whose curriculum covers very comprehensively the most relevant components of the pedagogy of engineering leading to the award of the International Engineering Educator Diploma - Ing Paed IGIP.
Advanced After Effects (FLAG - Training Center) - Apr 2013
The Advanced After Effects course provided him the necessary knowledge and skills for an advanced use of Adobe After Effects.
Open Educational Resources (European Foundation for Quality in eLearning) - Nov 2013
This virtual mobility exchange pilot was organized by 5 EU universities (Vytautas Magnus University (Lithuania), University of Granada (Spain), University of Pavia (Italy), University of Jyvaskyla (Finland), University of Porto (Portugal)) and European Foundation for Quality in eLearning, in the framework of Lifelong Learning program Erasmus project VMCOLAB - European Co-Laboratory for the Integration of Virtual Mobility in Higher Education Innovation and Modernisation Strategies.
Interactive Documentary - Digital Media - (University of Texas - International Collaboration for Emerging Technologies, CoLab) - Jul 2007
In this workshop he produced an interactive documentary using the City of Oporto and, in particular, the museum of Serralves and Bolhão's Market as the focus. Along Karen Kocher's orientation he discussed the tradition of the “city symphony” film, and how new interactive technologies like DVD Studio Pro and the web can take documentary storytelling to a new level.
Color Management in Graphic Arts - ("Alquimia da Cor" Multimedia and Design School) - Jan 2007
The Color Management in Graphic Arts Course provided him the basic concepts of colour and the differences between the several instruments of mesuring, the definition of ICC profiles and transitions methods, the calibration of TFT monitors with Eyeone Display and the general caracterization of graphic software in terms of colour. This advanced course was held in one of the best schools in Multimedia and Design from Portugal: Alquimia da Cor.
Dinamic Sites Programing - ("Alquimia da Cor" Multimedia and Design School) - Jan 2006
Internet2 Commons Site Coordinator - (Internet2 Commons | OARnet and The Ohio State University) - Jan 2006
The Internet 2 Commons provided him an international certified site coordinator recognition for technical support of videoconference endpoints and users.
Performing Arts Production Workshop - (TERENA and Internet2) - Jul 2009
The first TERENA and Internet2 hands-on audio/video production workshop that was held and it was hosted by GARR in cooperation with the Music Conservatory of Trieste, in Italy. See video presentation here. | <urn:uuid:ede59558-7751-464c-9578-6e5aa14575f5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.visualcv.com/samuelmartins | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00135-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.836873 | 605 | 1.9375 | 2 |
by Joseph Pimentel/Asianjournal.com
AS we head into the new year, it is time to reflect and reminisce about our vibrant and ever-growing Filipino American community in 2007. The Asian Journal editors picked these top 10 stories that showcase the colorful year for Filipino Americans.
Filipino Veterans Equity Act
Like a bell curve, this year started favorably for the aging veterans when Sen. Daniel Akaka (D-HI) and Rep. Bob Filner (D-CA) introduced The Filipino Veterans Equity Act of 2007 to the Senate and House of Representatives, respectively.
The FilVet Equity Bill hit its peak when the two champions managed to pass the bill out of their respective Veterans’ Affairs Committees in June and July. It was the first time in 14 years since its introduction in Congress that the Filipino Veterans Equity legislation moved forward. Toward the end of the year, however, Republican opposition stalled the bill, preventing it from appearing on floor debate in the Senate and House.
If passed, an estimated 7,000 WWII FilAm veterans living in the US and 12,000 WWII Filipino veterans in the Philippines would have restored US Veterans status and will be eligible for Veterans Affairs (VA) disability pension benefits.
However, there is a 10 percent mortality rate. Filipino WWII veterans continue to age and pass on while the bill is stalled. The fight for equity, however, continues into 2008.
Comprehensive Immigration Reform
The Comprehensive Immigration Reform bill would have helped alleviate the status of more than half-a-million undocumented Filipinos living in the US.
Last June, the US Senate shot down the comprehensive immigration reform bill. The Senate made it an immigration clean sweep when they voted against advancing the DREAM Act (Development, Relief and Education for Alien Minors), a bill that would have provided children of illegal immigrants a chance to gain legal status last October 24.
Since then, a crackdown on the undocumented began. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) announced work-site raids, work-site enforcement, and shipped out more deportation letters.
The Servano family of Pennsylvania received their letter last October. Only a last minute reprieve prevented Dr. Pedro Servano and his wife Salvacion from deportation back to the Philippines.
This year became financially difficult for immigrants to migrate to the US when the cost of citizenship doubles to $595 and the cost of becoming a legal permanent resident triple to $930 starting 2008.
The anti-immigration movement also gained momentum. US citizens are taking it upon themselves to alleviate the illegal immigration problem forming Minute Man organizations across the US.
The Sentosa 27 sent a chilling message to all potential Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW’s) – Beware.
The group – 26 registered nurses and one physical therapist from the Philippines alleged that they were brought to the US only to be exploited and abused by Sentosa Care LLC and the Sentosa Recruitment Agency, the agency that hired them in Manila.
The group has filed a lawsuit and complaint about their ordeal in the Philippines and New York, the State where they were employed.
The group alleged upon arriving in the US, that they were duped into working as agency nurses and not as direct-hire staff nurses. They also filed charges of maltreatment, abuse, and lack of compensation for overtime. Sentosa, on the other hand, has filed a counter-suit alleging that the group breached their contract and another for endangering their patients’ welfare.
The season premiere of ABC’s Desperate Housewives in September caused a stir in the Filipino community.
When Teri Hatcher’s character made a flippant remark about the integrity of Filipino doctors, the Filipino community worldwide made their voices heard.
In the episode, actress Hatcher’s character, Susan, goes in for a medical checkup and is shocked when the doctor suggests she may be going through menopause.
She responds, “OK, before we go any further, can I check these diplomas? Just to make sure they aren’t, like, from some med school in the Philippines?”
The statement drew condemnation from Filipinos all over the world prompting governemnt officials to get into the fray. More than 127,000 names signed an online petition demanding an apology from ABC. Statements from the Philippine medical education board to Malacanang Palace also demanded an apology.
ABC officials apologized a few days later and promised to edit the offensive remark made on the show. ABC also said they would work more closely with the Filipino community in for job opportunities in the network.
After attending a women’s conference in the Philippines, Gabriela Network (GABNet) founders – USC Professor and GABNet Chairperson Dr. Annalisa Enrile, journalist Ninotchka Rosca and activist Judith Mirkinson, were barred from returning to the US from Manila, Philippines.
Apparently, the Philippine Department of Justice had their names on a “hold” list. There was much concern about their stay in the Philippines, after 90 women organizers, activists and leaders have been assassinated in the Philippines since 2001. The Philippines is second only to Iraq in the number of writers and media people murdered.
Dr. Enrile (a US citizen) and her companions’ friends and supporters barraged the US embassy in the Philippines and received a flood of e-mails and faxes for their release. Protests were mounted all across the nation from San Diego to Los Angeles, from San Francisco, to Chicago, and New York.
After a few weeks, Enrile, Rosca and Mirkinson were finally allowed to go back to theUS.
In a press conference welcoming her arrival in Los Angeles, Enrile discussed the harassment she received from airport officials. She said that many of the officials asked for bribes.
When Enrile asked an official why her name was on the “hold” list, one official said, “You are a member of the Taliban.”
(To be Continued) | <urn:uuid:24362578-7ff2-4cc6-b709-5fe434be74dd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://asianjournal.wordpress.com/2008/01/01/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00483-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95932 | 1,249 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Cellulite – Here’s how can we start to manage this…
Cellulite is a problem that bothers women mostly after adolescence. But what is cellulite anyway? They are pockets of fat accumulated under the skin that give rise to holes in the hips, thighs, buttocks, and abdomen, giving them the so-called “orange peel” aspect.
Cellulite appears due to the degeneration of fatty tissue caused by a deficiency of circulation. Now take note of the 3 tips below on how to manage to cellulite:
1. AVOID FATTY FOODS.
Avoid fatty foods such as pizza, as well as fatty sauces, cheeses, and bread, along with stuffed cookies, whipped cream, shortbread, and ice cream.
Also, you should avoid eating heavy foods at night, because at this point the biological rhythm goes down, you spend fewer calories and therefore, the excesses end up being deposited in the body.
Also avoid canned foods, as most of them have many preservatives. And, of course, prepare your food without oil.
2. EAT LOTS OF FRUIT.
Fruit consumption also helps a lot to prevent cellulite, especially apples, pineapples, and red fruits. When we eat an apple, a kind of “gel” is formed that delays the absorption of glucose and, consequently, stops the absorption of fats.
Pineapple is rich in bromelain, a component that acts as an anti-inflammatory. Red fruits, rich in vitamin C and A, are antioxidants, strengthen blood vessels, and decrease insulin production.
3. DRINK WATER, COCONUT WATER, AND GREEN TEA.
Drinking two liters of water a day prevents fluid retention in localized fat. Drinking lots of water, stimulate the proper functioning of the kidneys and the lymphatic system, helping it to eliminate toxins and accumulated fluids.
The consumption of coconut water eliminates the toxins that cause cellulite and helps to balance the body because it has many health benefits.
Green tea is also great for fighting cellulite because of its antioxidant and diuretic action. The ideal is to drink three glasses a day so that, cellulite will disappear gradually in your body.
IN CONCLUSION – Fat cells are responsible for accumulating fat. When talking about cellulite, we talk about an alteration of these cells.
Today, most women have cellulite to some degree. Although it is not possible to eliminate it for life or prevent it from reappearing, you can combat it and prevent its reappearance.
The key to being able to face cellulite is to act with a compatible treatment, which combines a healthy diet, physical exercise, eating lots of fruits, draining massages, complemented with a good anti-cellulite cosmetic. | <urn:uuid:d9249b47-eb96-4755-9bdf-296ae271a2ca> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.womensmag.life/3-tips-how-to-manage-your-cellulite/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.949246 | 584 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Democracy More or Less : America's Political Reform Quandary by Cain, Bruce E.
Cambridge University Press | 21 May 2015
Hardback | 262 pages
Why do American political reform efforts so often fail to solve the problems they intend to fix? In this book, Bruce E. Cain argues that the reasons are an unrealistic civic ideal of a fully informed and engaged citizenry and a neglect of basic pluralist principles about political intermediaries. This book traces the tension between populist and pluralist approaches as it plays out in many seemingly distinct reform topics, such as voting administration, campaign finance, excessive partisanship, redistricting, and transparency and voter participation. It explains why political primaries have promoted partisan polarization, why voting rates are declining even as election opportunities increase, and why direct democracy is not really a grassroots tool. Cain offers a reform agenda that attempts to reconcile pluralist ideals with the realities of collective-action problems and resource disparities. | <urn:uuid:a7358e91-e27b-45ae-afcf-cc6c14d388d2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pentzbooks.co.za/products/9781107039636 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.944986 | 199 | 1.75 | 2 |
Disturbance at the Heron House is written in Michael Stipe's typically oblique fashion, allowing many interpretations and enforcing none. Document was R.E.M.'s most overtly political album, following closely on the heels of Lifes Rich Pageant (no, there's no apostrophe in that title), which was the bands first album with any overt political content.
The songs on Document tend to focus on labor struggle and political repression, specifically Finest Worksong, Welcome to the Occupation, Exhuming McCarthy, Its The End Of The World As We Know It, (And I Feel Fine) (again, no apostrophe in that title), Fireplace (which I've always felt is about revolution), and Disturbance at the Heron House.
A common interpretation of this song is that it describes a political protest and/or labor rally from the point of view of the elite.
"The followers of chaos" being one of the elite's derogatory assesments of the protesters, along with "the green and simple", "grunts and greens", and "cogs and grunts and hirelings". The "mean idea" being the protesters supposedly simplistic and erroneous beliefs.
A metaphor of a zoo ("they've gathered up the cages") is employed to illustrate the elite's view of their inferiors as simple, mindless animals ("a stampede at the monument"), and expect that they will ultimately submit when the sacrifices made for the protest become too great; "when feeding time has come and gone, they'll lose the heart and head for home".
The elite are unmoved, unsurprised and unimpressed by the lower classes' latest attempt at fundamental change; "try to tell us something we don't know". | <urn:uuid:6ececc4e-7191-420c-ab2e-3b4114010c99> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://everything2.com/title/Disturbance+at+the+Heron+House | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00475-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951566 | 356 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Leaves & Yard Care
Proper yard care is a great way for homeowners to get involved. Learn more about how leaves can impact our lakes, what community partners are doing to improve leaf management, and what you can do to help.
Why are leaves a problem for the lakes?
Leaves release phosphorus when they break down, representing one of the largest sources of urban phosphorus pollution. When left in the street, leaves make a phosphorus-rich tea that washes down storm drains and directly into our lakes. It only takes one pound of phosphorus to produce 500 pounds of algae in our lakes!
- Over the course of the year, more than 50% of phosphorus in urban stormwater can come from leaves in the street
- In the fall, removing leaves from the street before it rains can reduce the amount of phosphorus in urban stormwater by 80% compared to no leaf removal
I want to manage leaves on my property. What are my options?
Here are a few ways you can handle leaves on your property. Any amount of leaves you can manage at home helps – even saving fuel and tax dollars for leaf collection.
1. Rake leaves from the street
The best thing you can do to help is to rake leaves from the street on to the curb in front of your home. Every time you rake your yard, check if there are leaves on the street. Try raking leaves three feet into the street onto your curb to keep nearby street gutters and storm drains clear. Clean streets make for healthy lakes!
Note: If you live in an apartment or condominium, you’re not off the hook! Ask your property manager about their strategy for leaf management and encourage them to help our lakes.
2. Start backyard composting
Why dump your leaves on the curb to have them hauled away like garbage? By doing so, you’re creating a potential source of pollution and risk damage to your lawn. Instead, consider starting a compost pile:
- Composting in Wisconsin Overview (DNR)
- Guide to Composting at Home (EPA)
- Getting started with composting
3. Use as garden mulch
Using leaves as garden mulch is easy and saves you money. You can mow leaves on your yard and leave them in place to provide nutrients that keep your yard healthy. Mowed leaves can also be used around plantings as mulch.
What is my local government doing to manage leaves?
Partners in Dane County are working together to keep our waters clean. Many communities offer curbside leaf pick up or free access to yard waste drop-off sites. However, keeping our streets leaf-free will require a shared effort.
Each municipality has a different approach to leaf management and streets crews may not always be able to respond in time to remove leaves prior to each rainfall. You can help by removing leaves from the street before it rains and encouraging your neighbors to do the same.
Visit the links below to see what your municipality does to manage leaves.
Leaves are part of nature. Why are they a problem?
Leaves are one of the largest sources of urban phosphorus pollution. Without streets, parking lots, and storm sewers, leaves would fall on soil and phosphorus would soak into the soil instead of going straight into our lakes and streams. When left in the street gutters, leaves release phosphorus into stormwater that easily washes down storm drains and directly into our lakes.
Aren’t leaves just a small part of the problem compared to agriculture?
Leaves are a significant source of urban phosphorus. In the fall, timely removal of street leaf litter can reduce the amount of phosphorus in urban stormwater by 80% compared to no leaf removal. We can all do our part to address water quality by managing sources of phosphorus runoff.
What else can I do in my yard?
We often get calls from homeowners wondering about lake-friendly yard care. A healthy yard is better able to absorb rainfall and prevent soil from eroding.
- Organic & Alternative Lawn Care (UW-Extension)
How can I learn more?
Partners in Dane County are working together on studies and pilots to improve local management and outreach efforts.
Search our website for something else: | <urn:uuid:c7ea8678-2776-490e-8156-1afb8af50e55> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cleanlakesalliance.org/leaves/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.94908 | 880 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Exactly thirty years ago millions of Americans were fascinated by a day-time TV drama featuring the Republican Senator from Wisconsin, Joseph McCarthy. The Army-McCarthy hearings, called by one writer, “the greatest political show on earth,” were televised by ABC from April 22 to June 17, 1954. For many it was the first opportunity to see the Senator whose name epitomized militant anti-Communism and who since 1950 had attracted more attention than the President of the United States. Few viewers could know, however, that TV's exposure would help destroy McCarthy’s political career and lead to his censure by the Senate later that year.
Cultural Commentary: Joseph McCarthy and the Red Scare.
Bridgewater Review, 2(3), 23-25.
Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/br_rev/vol2/iss3/12 | <urn:uuid:1e9e6291-9d3b-472a-9f5b-4c59eb79f565> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://vc.bridgew.edu/br_rev/vol2/iss3/12/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00437-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975877 | 183 | 2.375 | 2 |
A plan to integrate state driver's license databases could decrease privacy, EPIC warns
A plan to require states to include biometric identification and other standard data on driver's licenses and to interconnect state driver's license databases could increase identity theft, decrease privacy and limit freedom, a civil liberties organization warns.
The American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators (AAMVA) proposal is intended to make driver's licenses more reliable as identification cards, but the Electronic Privacy Information Center (EPIC) says the plan would turn driver's licenses into "internal passports" and set up the infrastructure for a national surveillance system.
Arguing that driver's licenses are already the "ID card of choice" nationwide, AAMVA officials are urging Congress to require states to make them more secure.
The association has called for stricter identification checks before licenses are issued and uniform standards for information that must be included on them. The group also wants state license holder databases to be interconnected so that information about license holders is readily available nationwide via computers.
AAMVA issued its proposal in the wake of the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks and reports that a number of the 19 terrorists had fraudulently obtained driver's licenses. AAMVA officials say they do not want to create a national ID card, but rather to combat identity fraud and terrorism by improving the security of state driver's licenses. But EPIC executive director Marc Rotenberg called the proposed licenses "a de facto national ID card." He said they could become "an internal passport" that would restrict travel in the United States.
The new driver's licenses would also likely increase the incentive for fraud, destroy personal privacy and create grave complications for individuals when fraud or mistakes in data occur.
Perceived as more reliable, the new driver's licenses would likely become indispensable whenever identification is required, for example, during commercial transactions. Their increased importance would also increase the incentive to forge or steal them, Rotenberg said.
If made machine-readable, personal information from driver's licenses would be collected wherever licenses are shown for identification — from health clubs to video rental stores, Rotenberg said. Such widespread access to personal data is an enormous invasion of privacy, he added.
Most ominous, perhaps, is the difficulty license holders will likely encounter when mistakes are made in the personal information stored in databases.
Large databases "are notoriously mistake-prone, difficult to secure and open to abuse," EPIC says in a report that assails the AAMVA plan. "The difficulty correcting a credit report might be trivial compared to correcting one's record in the national database," Rotenberg said.
Consider what would happen when the wrong biometric identifiers are associated with an individual, either by mistake or fraud. It would be extremely difficult for the individual to prove his or her identity, EPIC said.
NEXT STORY: Agency gets set to launch eNASA | <urn:uuid:359be852-ebd8-4568-b7c0-49409b765b39> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fcw.com/workforce/2002/02/id-card-plan-assailed/204939/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.946786 | 581 | 1.710938 | 2 |
IN the beginning, there was chardonnay, and it was not good.
This was a blow to the pioneering wine producers of Oregon, who regarded their land as a sort of new Eden. Back in the 1960s and ’70s, when the firmament of the Oregon wine industry was created, a lot of chardonnay was planted.
And why not? Chardonnay was the single most popular fine white wine among Americans. It made sense to want to produce it. After all, pinot noir, the red grape of Burgundy, showed such promise in the Willamette Valley, Oregon’s leading wine region. Wouldn’t chardonnay, the white grape of Burgundy, do well, too?
But much of the chardonnay was planted without considering the particular conditions in Oregon and how they differed from those in California, where much of the popular chardonnay was grown. The leading chardonnay clone in Oregon then was more suitable for the warmer California weather and ripened too late for the shorter Oregon growing season. The result, for the most part, was mediocre wines. By the 1990s, the focus in Oregon had shifted to other white grapes, like pinot gris. Meanwhile, Oregon wine producers mostly wanted to talk about pinot noir.
Nonetheless, dedicated chardonnay producers pressed on. Realizing their initial error, they carefully studied the characteristics of alternative clones. They deliberated over the proper rootstocks for the Willamette soils. The discussion of how best to grow chardonnay in Oregon was furthered by the arrival of Domaine Drouhin, one of the leading names in Burgundy, which established an Oregon outpost in 1987. Drouhin was followed by a new generation of Oregon producers, who had worked in Burgundy and seen what could be achieved when vines and place were matched properly.Continue reading the main story
As a result, a second wave of Oregon chardonnay has appeared in the last decade or so, the product this time of conscious decision-making and more confident winemakers. Naturally, the wines arrived complete with renewed marketing efforts — “the rebirth of Oregon chardonnay,” that sort of thing.
To separate the wine from the hype, the wine panel recently tasted 20 bottles of Oregon chardonnay from recent vintages. For the tasting, Florence Fabricant and I were joined by Blue Pilkington, sommelier at Café Boulud, and Dustin Wilson, wine director at Eleven Madison Park.
We were all impressed with the wines. In general, they shared a sense of freshness, balance and what Blue called “an elegant use of oak.” Unusually for West Coast white wines, the best of these Oregon chardonnays did not emphasize bountiful fruit flavors. Rather, they were characterized by enticing textures with the occasional citrus, herbal or floral accents.
In sum, they showed the attributes of cool-climate wines: liveliness and restraint rather than extravagance.
“These are meant for the table,” Dustin said. “They show evidence of power and concentration, but not in a heavy way.”
At the same time, we had the sense of a region in transition, still experimenting stylistically like a sculptor chipping away at a block of marble, waiting for the terroir of the Willamette to reveal itself. Right now, the wines seem to me more Mâconnais than Meursault.
By the way, it’s not at all a criticism to liken Oregon chardonnays to a more modest section of Burgundy rather than classic Côte de Beaune whites. The Mâcon is widely underrated. Good versions are rich with inviting textures and mineral flavors, not unlike the best of the Oregon chardonnays.
In fact, our favorite bottle, the 2009 Reserve chardonnay from Lemelson, very much reminded me of a good Pouilly-Fuissé, with its lively energy, seemingly ready to uncoil in the mouth, and subtle flavors that might best be described as mineral, spicy and nutlike, but not fruity.
Our No. 2 bottle, the 2007 Evening Land, had an even more direct connection to Burgundy. It was a collaboration between Evening Land’s winemaker, Isabelle Meunier, and a consultant, Dominique Lafon of Domaine des Comtes Lafon, one of the great estates of Burgundy. The wine was by far the most expensive, at $85, and it was the oldest, yet it still tasted young and fresh, with a sense of structure, precision and focus.
Incidentally, the name of this wine, White Sun Vintners Beehive Cluster, was apparently too unwieldy for Evening Land, which itself is a confusing label that releases wines from not only Oregon but also the Santa Rita Hills and the Sonoma Coast in California, and also Burgundy. In more recent vintages the Beehive Cluster is called the Seven Springs Summum.
We had one other formidably expensive wine in the tasting, the 2009 Sigrid from Bergström, at $69. This was our No. 10 bottle, lusher and fuller-bodied than most of the other wines, without the sense of focus that we found in the Evening Land.
Beyond those two bottles, these Oregon chardonnays were moderately priced, with 13 of the 20 bottles $25 or under. Our best value, at $17, was the No. 3 bottle, the 2008 Patricia Green Four Winds, which again we liked for its liveliness and balance. Our No. 4 bottle, the 2010 King Estate Signature Collection, was even cheaper at $15. It was clean, fresh and tangy like an inexpensive Mâcon-Villages. King Estate, by the way, offers great values annually. And least expensive of all, at $14, was the A to Z chardonnay, clean, direct and mildly flavored, but without the sense of life we found in the King Estate.
Other wines worth noting include the rich yet juicy 2008 Ian’s Reserve from Chehalem; the rich, well-integrated 2008 Ponzi Reserve; and the clear, fresh 2009 Argyle.
As far as chardonnay goes, many of these Oregon producers seem to be a self-effacing bunch. Visit the Web site of Lemelson, our No. 1 producer, and the heading is: “Nature, Tradition, Innovation: Our Approach to Pinot Noir.” King Estate’s Web site trumpets its pinot noir and its pinot gris. Nary a mention of chardonnay to be found.
Nonetheless, the United States is still a chardonnay-loving nation, and Oregon seems to have found its way with the grape. They’re not California chardonnays, nor are they Burgundies. They go their own way, very successfully. I suspect Oregon won’t be reticent about its chardonnays for long.Continue reading the main story | <urn:uuid:b7824e9c-0f2c-4093-80eb-b87484bd13cb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/14/dining/reviews/oregon-chardonnay-wine-review.html?_r=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00244-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960969 | 1,494 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Religion was of supreme importance in the Aztec Empire because of multiple reasons. It provided legitimacy to the rule of the emperors and the social hierarchy of the society.
Additionally, it was closely linked to wars with other city-states since it provided a steady supply of war captives used for human sacrifices during the religious festivals.
Aztec human sacrifice was one of the most important aspects of Aztec religion. It was a central ritual of all religious ceremonies and was thought to appease gods and bring their blessings.
Human sacrifice to the gods was prevalent in Aztec Society and the Skulls of victims were kept and displayed in huge skull racks. Aztec skulls were cleaned and often decorated as shown in the image. Read more about the Aztec Skulls >>
The practice of Aztec human sacrifice was not invented by the Aztecs but also existed in the previous Mesoamerican cultures. For instance, among other cultures it was practiced in the Inca Empire.
The Aztecs had religious festivities at the end of their 20-day month’s and human sacrifice was an essential feature of these festivities.
Human sacrifice also was part of the legend around the founding of the Aztec capital city, Tenochtitlan which was accompanied by the sacrifice and skinning of the daughter of the king Coxcox of Culhuacan.
Aztec human sacrifice was an elaborate ritual and an almost standard procedure. The person to be sacrificed was taken to the top of the temple and laid on a stone slab by four priests.
Often the person to be sacrificed was drugged in order to eliminate any resistance. On the stone slab, the abdomen of the victim would be sliced open by a fifth priest using a special ceremonial knife.
The heart of the victim was torn out while still beating. It would be placed in a bowl and the body thrown down the temple stairs.
Child sacrifice was part of Aztec human sacrifice and was performed on regular basis. Children were sacrificed to Aztec god Tlaloc, the rain god. Remains of 42 children sacrificed to Tlaloc have been found in the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan.
Another cruel aspect of this Aztec human sacrifice of the children was that the children were made to cry before the sacrifice. The tears were thought to wet the earth and thus appease the gods. There, if a child did not cry, the priests would sometimes tear of the nails of the child to make him or her cry.
The main purpose and reason of Aztec human sacrifice was to appease gods and avert their wrath. Besides religious purposes, the Aztec human sacrifice also served a political purpose.
The Aztecs were small in number compared to the other subjugated tribes and thus there was always a danger of an alliance between them that could form against the Aztecs.
To avert this, Aztecs demanded humans as a tribute from the subjugated tribes so that these tribes could constantly raid each other to procure humans for sacrifice. This minimised or eliminated the chance of an alliance between them.
The standard method of performing the Aztec human sacrifice was to take the victim to the top of the temple and perform the offering there. Stone slabs and sacrificial knife blades were most important instruments used in the process.
The sacrificial knife blades, made of flint, were used to cut out the heart of the victim who was laid down on the stone slab. The whole process was accompanied by the beating of drums, whistling, and hymns.
The religious temples, mostly constructed at the top of Aztec pyramids, were the conventional locations of Aztec human sacrifice. For instance, remains of dozens of sacrificed children have been found at the Great Pyramid of Tenochtitlan.
Similarly, sacrifices were performed on all other major pyramids. Aztec human sacrifice in each temple was dedicated to the specific god of that temple and was thought to result in a specific kind of blessing from that god.
Aztec human sacrifices were specific to different gods since different temples were dedicated to different gods. Methods of Aztec human sacrifice for different gods also varied.
For example, victims sacrificed at the altar of the tribal deity of Mexica, Huitzilopochtli, had the standard procedure of being sacrificed at the stone slab with their hearts cut out.
The Aztec human sacrifice for Tezcatlipoca, on the other hand, saw the victims sacrificed in a ritual gladiatorial combat. Similarly, methods varied for other gods such as Huehueteotl and Tlaloc.
Emperors of the Aztec Empire had stakes in Aztec human sacrifice since religion was one of the most important legitimising factors of the kingdom.
For this purpose, the emperors made sure that a steady supply of war captives was maintained to be sacrificed during the religious ceremonies.
Thus constant wars became a need for the Aztec emperors in order to appease the priestly class and serve the political purposes as well.
While there were political and social factors involved in Aztec human sacrifice, the most important factor was of course religion. Human sacrifice was considered a sure way to appease the gods and continue their blessings.
The antecedents of the Aztec human sacrifice as a religious practice can be found in the previous Mesoamerican cultures, however it is hard to trace its exact origins, But by the time Aztec Empire was established, Aztec human sacrifice was an integral part of Aztec religion.
Aztec human sacrifice was highly valued in Aztec society and was considered highest form of offering to the gods.
In everyday life, the concept of sacrifice was ever-present in the Aztec society. Common people made various kinds of offerings in the form of precious metals and grain to the temples.
These were considered lesser forms of sacrifice. A very important aspect of Aztec human sacrifice was the ritual of blood-letting where people cut themselves to offer their blood to the gods.
Aztec human sacrifice was one of the most important aspects of Aztec religion and was performed on regular basis. It was part of all religious ceremonies held at the end of each 20-day Aztec month.
Other than the religious reason of appeasing the gods, Aztec human sacrifice also served the political purpose of eliminating the chance of alliance between rival tribes.
Child sacrifice was also regularly performed in the Aztec temples. The victims were often drugged in order to reduce their resistance during the sacrifice. | <urn:uuid:0dcd5707-ab13-4499-85f6-5ae6ee3fb7bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aztecsandtenochtitlan.com/aztec-human-sacrifice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.979537 | 1,322 | 3.9375 | 4 |
- 1 How many municipalities are there in South Carolina?
- 2 Are there local taxes in South Carolina?
- 3 What is South Carolina state tax?
- 4 What is the best town to live in South Carolina?
- 5 Does SC have snow?
- 6 What county in SC Has Highest Taxes?
- 7 What is municipality example?
- 8 How old is Lancaster SC?
- 9 How big is Lancaster SC?
- 10 What is not taxed in South Carolina?
- 11 Are taxes high in South Carolina?
How many municipalities are there in South Carolina?
South Carolina is divided into 46 counties and contains 270 incorporated municipalities consisting of cities and towns.
Are there local taxes in South Carolina?
Sales tax is imposed on the sale of goods and certain services in South Carolina. The statewide sales and use tax rate is six percent (6%). Counties may impose an additional one percent (1%) local sales tax if voters in that county approve the tax. Generally, all retail sales are subject to the sales tax.
What is South Carolina state tax?
While South Carolina’s top income tax of 7% is one of the highest in the country, the bottom rate is the lowest. The state also has some of the lowest property and gas taxes in the country, but its total sales tax, when including local rates, ranks in the top 20 across the country.
What is the best town to live in South Carolina?
Where Is The Best Place To Live In South Carolina?
- Mount Pleasant. Population: 91,684.
- Columbia. Population: 131,674.
- Tega Cay. Population: 11,335.
- Fort Mill. Population: 22,284.
- Rock Hill. Population: 75,048.
- Clemson. Population: 17,501.
- Lexington. Population: 22,157.
- Myrtle Beach. Population: 34,695. Median Household Income: $40,525.
Does SC have snow?
Yes, even though snowfall is quite uncommon in South Carolina, various parts of the state receive less than an inch of snow every year. No city in South Carolina records an average of over 12 inches of snow every year.
What county in SC Has Highest Taxes?
Richland County It contains the state capital of Columbia. Richland County has one of the highest average property tax rates in South Carolina, as its effective rate stands at 0.79%.
What is municipality example?
The definition of a municipality is a local area with its own government, or the government of such an area. An example of a municipality is the government of an incorporated village. A political unit, such as a city, town, or village, incorporated for local self-government.
How old is Lancaster SC?
Established in the mid 1700’s by Scots-Irish and English settlers from the region of the famous House of Lancaster, this area was viewed as a “Garden of Eden.” Over the years, the area has hosted two wars on its soil and has nurtured several famous native sons, among them Andrew Jackson, seventh President of the United
How big is Lancaster SC?
As a result, many seniors pay no South Carolina income tax. In addition, homeowners at age 65 are exempt from property tax on the first $50,000 of the value of their legal residence, once they apply for the Homestead Exemption at their local county auditor’s office.
What is not taxed in South Carolina?
Goods that are subject to sales tax in South Carolina include physical property, like furniture, home appliances, and motor vehicles. Prescription medicines, groceries, and gasoline are all tax-exempt. Some services in South Carolina are subject to sales tax.
Are taxes high in South Carolina?
The truth is that South Carolina is a low-income state but a high-tax state. Consider a few data points. At 7.22 percent combined state and local sales tax, South Carolina has the 18th highest sales tax rate in the nation. And all five of those states’ individual income tax rates is lower than South Carolina’s. | <urn:uuid:4b2df317-2d12-4ea3-a5f3-48e6bf5a9e18> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gmcfoa.com/municipality/readers-ask-what-tax-municipality-am-i-in-south-carolina.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.943724 | 861 | 2.515625 | 3 |
If you ask most PTE aspirants, they’ll probably say that demonstrating a good vocabulary range is a challenge in the exam.
This isn’t surprising. A comprehensive PTE vocabulary is a key to completing the tasks in the exam. Not only that, having a rich vocabulary is an important building block of communication competence.
If this component of the exam is a source of concern, don’t fret.
Here are some expert tips on how you can boost your vocabulary and improve your PTE score.
6 Practical Tips to Improve Your PTE Vocabulary
1. Invest in Reading
If you find books boring, it’s time to change your mindset. The more you read, the more words you will learn in preparation for the exam. Without this foundation, it is more difficult to attain a good score in the PTE writing and speaking sections.
Books also offer a chance for you to see new words in context. This helps you understand their nuance and use them appropriately.
Remember, this task doesn’t have to be monotonous. Choose books on topics that interest you. You can also read blogs and articles online, provided you focus on high-quality content.
2. Devote Time to Listening
Aside from books, you can pick up new vocabulary by listening to English radio channels or podcasts. Listen regularly as you prepare for the PTE listening test and note down any unfamiliar term you’ve come across.
Broadening your vocabulary by listening to English offers an edge because you’ll recognize the pronunciation beforehand. You will also be exposed to the rhythm and intonation used by native speakers.
3. Consult a Dictionary or Thesaurus
Purchase a dictionary as well as a thesaurus. If you prefer to use your smartphone, you’ll also find dictionary apps online.
What’s the difference?
A dictionary will allow you to see the exact meaning of any unfamiliar terms, while a thesaurus lists a word’s antonyms and synonyms.
Both tools help you grasp the meaning of words as well as the subtle differences between similar terms. It’s impossible to memorize everything but looking up definitions of new words will help you remember them better.
4. Keep a Word Log
Remember to note down all the new terms you’ve learned. Otherwise, you’ll simply forget the new terms.
Set an objective to find a term for the day. Use the list as a source of reference during PTE writing practice.
5. Focus on Pronunciation
It’s not enough to know how a word is spelled. If you come across a word you feel you should include in your vocabulary, confirm its pronunciation. Most online dictionaries have phonetic symbols and audio files of native speakers saying words.
Then, record yourself pronouncing the terms in sentences and compare yourself against the standard pronunciation. This strategy will come in handy when completing the PTE speaking test.
You can improve your vocabulary by playing word games, either solo or with friends. Adding the elements of fun and competition often makes learning more effective.
Enhancing your vocabulary will go a long way towards helping you attain a good PTE score. Not only that, but you will also always find the right words to say for any situation. | <urn:uuid:9be34080-e7a2-4e07-a018-81d17e570e4b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://edubenchmark.com/blog/vocabulary-tips-pte/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.921308 | 694 | 2.359375 | 2 |
The second edition of this textbook, popular amongst students and faculty alike, investigates the various causes of thermodynamic instability in metallic microstructures. Materials theoretically well designed for a particular application may prove inefficient or even useless unless stable under normal working conditions. The authors examine current experimental and theoretical understanding of the kinetics behind structural change in metals. The entire text has been updated in this new edition, and a completely new chapter on highly metastable alloys has been added. The degree to which kinetic stability of the material outweighs its thermodynamic instability is very important, and dictates the useful working life of the material. If the structure is initially produced to an optimum, such changes will degrade the properties of the material. This comprehensive and well-illustrated text, accompanied by ample references, will allow final year undergraduates, graduate students and research workers to investigate in detail the stability of microstructure in metallic systems. | <urn:uuid:2c702718-d518-4f75-864a-20be2bb0d29f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.zookal.com/stability-of-microstructure-in-metallic-systems-9780521423168/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721008.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00118-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917737 | 183 | 2.9375 | 3 |
The Bureau of Education & Research is approved by the Continuing Education Board of the American-Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) to provide continuing education activities in speech-language pathology and audiology including:
- One-day seminars specifically designed for SLPs are offered for .5 CEUs (intermediate level; professional area).
- Two-day conferences specifically designed for SLPs are offered for up to 1.0 CEUs (various levels; professional area).
Program Completion Requirements:
Participants are expected to be present for the entire program. Individuals who are not present for the full program will not be recommended for ASHA CEUs. No partial credit will be provided.
ASHA CE Provider approval does not imply endorsement of course content, specific products or clinical procedures. Please check the brochure text to confirm the offering of ASHA CEUs for the specific seminar you wish to attend.
Visit the ASHA CE Registry (maintained by ASHA) for additional information about ASHA CEUs. | <urn:uuid:593a00da-1d64-451f-b2a0-8ef8ac0fb1f8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.ber.org/seminars/credit/asha.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00515-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904438 | 212 | 1.648438 | 2 |
In today’s society, men are often criticized for things like “mansplaining” and chauvinism, and for being a perpetuation of the “patriarchy” at best and predators at worst.
The problem with this is that it presumes men are guilty, that they’re all predators in some form, rather than assuming that most men are good at heart. While it’s highly unfair to automatically put all men in general into these categories, there’s something to be said for the positive effects strong women can have on the men in their lives.
The Difference Between Harmlessness and Virtue
Of course, no man should be a predator, intentionally or unintentionally harming women in any way. But the argument can’t end there. Dr. Jordan Peterson points out that “harmlessness cannot replace virtue.” The two aren’t synonymous; a harmless man isn’t by default a virtuous one. There’s so much more that makes a good man, and it’s often a woman who encourages and brings this out, who promotes a higher calling in his life.
Harmlessness can't replace virtue. A harmless man isn’t by default a virtuous one.
Sure, not harming anyone is great, but are those harmless men acting nobly, supporting and defending women, and creating and inspiring future generations of men to embody all that’s good? By emasculating men and encouraging them to simply be “harmless,” our culture has unintentionally encouraged men to shy away from behavior that’s truly virtuous and good.
What Men Need
There are inherent differences between boys and girls, men and women. I’m not saying they’re not equal, but unequivocally different. Generally speaking, most little girls enjoy playing house and dress up, whereas boys can be found making weapons and a seemingly endless amount of noise.
In their books on the deepest desires of men and women, John and Staci Eldredge discuss the longings of the male and female hearts. In his book Wild at Heart, John Eldredge describes the three natural desires of men: “a battle to fight, an adventure to live, and a beauty to rescue.” Eldredge explains how these desires are evident from a young age when little boys create weapons and act out epic battle scenes wherein they’re the heroes of their imagined tales. The final desire, a beauty to rescue, becomes the central desire of grown men. The battle to fight and the adventure to be lived are meant to be done with and for the beauty to rescue.
It takes great courage on the part of a woman to commit herself to a man, to help him grow.
To be clear, this isn’t to say that women are helpless and need a man to give meaning to their lives. It, in fact, takes great courage on the part of a woman to commit herself to a man, to help him grow from a more immature character into a man who is worthy of her love. Men are not inherent savages, simply waiting around to be “tamed” by a woman. Both men and women spend their whole lives moving further from their potential and closer to actualization as Plato philosophizes; moving steadily away from the more animalistic tendencies of human nature towards the nobility, reason, and goodness humans desire.
The Role Women Play
Everyone wants to be someone, to have importance and value attached to their life. Men are no exception, and this desire manifests through wanting to be someone to a woman, to a family. This responsibility fulfills and molds them into the noble men they were designed to be.
Men manifest the desire to live meaningfully through their desire to be someone important to a woman.
This isn’t some anti-feminist trope, but rather a truth deeply engrained in the hearts of many, played out time and time again in numerous stories. Iron Man saves the world for the love of his family, Wesley gives up his pirating ways for Buttercup in The Princess Bride, Captain America ultimately chooses a wife and family life over saving the world, and the Count of Monte Cristo spends one half of his lifetime in prison and the other half seeking justice, all in the name of the woman he loved.
These men had a higher purpose for their lives because of the women they loved. Their characters were arguably better, nobler, and more virtuous because of the inspiration from women.
A Lasting Legacy
Fulton Sheen said, “To a great extent the level of any civilization is the level of its womanhood. When a man loves a woman, he has to become worthy of her. The higher her virtue, the more noble her character, the more devoted she is to truth, justice, goodness, the more a man has to aspire to be worthy of her. The history of civilization could actually be written in terms of the level of its women.”
“To a great extent the level of any civilization is the level of its womanhood.”
Although women have only recently become a prominent part of the business and political roles traditionally held by men, there’s no doubt that without women many of the historical feats accomplished by men would have been highly unlikely. The culmination of Lin Manuel Miranda’s Hamilton is a perfect example of this, as the end of the play focuses not on Alexander Hamilton, but on his wife Eliza, who becomes the center of the final scene. Hamilton’s legacy lives on because of Eliza’s willingness to forgive and love unconditionally, a legacy that would have undoubtedly been different without her support.
Women don’t just live in the shadows of men, submitting to their wills and hiding behind their accomplishments. Rather they act as the sun, casting the light of their beauty and grace, inspiring the men they love to be bigger than they ever would have been on their own. | <urn:uuid:8fde466d-d0a1-4775-9f71-2869d90ed3ef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eviemagazine.com/post/how-women-elevate-men-to-a-higher-purpose | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.967635 | 1,240 | 1.953125 | 2 |
How to share a folder or directory in Windows
Creating a network share within Windows
Users can share any of their directories or drives by following the steps below. Note: Microsoft Windows does not allow for a single file to be shared, it must be the directory or drive that the file is within that is shared.
- Right-click the directory or drive you want to share and click Properties.
- Within the Properties window, click the Sharing tab.
- Click the Advanced Sharing button or select the option to share the folder and specify the name you want the share to be. The name is what is used in conjunction with the computer name to access the share. If you want this share to be accessible to as many users as possible, make sure not to have spaces in the share name.
Sharing a folder through the Windows command line
Microsoft Windows users can also use the net share command to share a directory or drive on their computer by following the steps below.
- Open an MS-DOS window.
- From the MS-DOS prompt, type a command similar to the example below. In the example, "hope" is the name of the share that would be created, and "c:\hope\files" is the name of the directory we want to share. Keep in mind that this example would provide full access to the folder.
net share hope=c:\hope\files | <urn:uuid:053492ca-88ba-4069-8680-debd76793a8f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.computerhope.com/issues/ch000535.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00281-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.906693 | 288 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Even though 3D printing has been around for a while, it has struggled to move past its reputation as a high-priced toy for techies.
UPS, along with partners SAP and Fast Radius, a Georgia-based manufacturer, have launched an effort to bring 3D printing full steam into the world of scaled industrial production.
Instead of producing a single trinket or a custom iPhone case on a per-unit basis, the partners have teamed up to print everything from auto parts to medical devices. All of this is done at scale with production runs numbering in the hundreds of units.
In fact, it's available as an "on-demand" service at UPS facilities — allowing 3D printing customers to take advantage of the global shipping giant's logistical wizardry. UPS and Fast Radius have an on-demand 3D printing factory in Louisville, Kentucky, near the home of the shipper's air cargo operation. According to Fast Radius CEO Rick Smith, the partners expect a new 3D printing factory near the UPS facility in Singapore to be up and running later this year.
It could be a game changer in the fast-growing 3D printing industry.
"Much like eCommerce digitized and transformed retail, 3D Printing will have a similar impact on manufacturing," UPS Vice President, Strategy Alan Amling told Business Insider.
"The 3D printing industry is expected to grow from $5 billion in 2015 to $21 billion in 2021," Amling added, citing a study from Wohlers Assoc. "Estimates vary widely, but all expect exponential growth. If 3D Printing captures just 5% of manufacturing it creates a $640 billion plus global market opportunity."
Here's how it will work.
Customers can submit orders through the Fast Radius website or at UPS House in Singapore. Then, Fast Radius will direct the order to the to most efficient factory based on geography, speed, and production requirements. According to UPS, orders can ship as early as the same day it is placed.
SAP's supply-management software will be tasked with keeping this whole operation online. In addition, UPS and the German software firm signed a co-innovation agreement in May to work together on connected supply chain solutions. As esoteric as all of this may sound, there are real everyday benefits for businesses and consumers.
On-demand 3D printing allows manufacturers to engage in virtual warehousing. This reduces inventory costs by cutting down on the volume of parts businesses keep on hand. So instead of keep 10,000 units in a warehouse, a business can keep 2,000 units around — with the ability to instantly replenish the stock in as quick as 24 hours. This is especially useful for inventory that aren't big sellers.
It also allows the manufacturers to pass on the savings to their customers while offering quicker production and greater levels of customization.
According to UPS, this applies to everything from parts on commercial airliners to customer-made devices.
"Since success in on-demand manufacturing is not dependent on low labor-cost environments or huge factories with superior economies of scale, we will see a more balanced distribution of the global manufacturing capacity, investments and talent," Amling said. "Countries previously locked out of the manufacturing economy will be able to create new opportunity for their people."
So, there you have it. On-demand, large-scale 3D printing. It's here. | <urn:uuid:a2ad144e-27dd-468c-8bd4-d90be0f23e49> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.businessinsider.com/ups-sap-fast-radius-on-demand-3d-printing-2016-11 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00448-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954211 | 694 | 1.8125 | 2 |
HEALESVILLE, Australia – The koala moved gingerly on scorched paws, crossing the blackened landscape as the fire patrol passed.
Clearly in pain, the animal stopped when it saw firefighter David Tree following behind.
"It was amazing, he turned around, sat on his bum and sort of looked at me with (a look) like, put me out of my misery," Tree told The Associated Press on Tuesday. "I yelled out for a bottle of water. I unscrewed the bottle, tipped it up on his lips and he just took it naturally. He kept reaching for the bottle, almost like a baby."
The team called animal welfare officers as it resumed its patrols on Sunday, the day after deadly firestorms swept southern Victoria state.
"I love nature, and I've handled koalas before. They're not the friendliest things, but I wanted to help him," Tree said.
Tree says he's spoken to wildlife officials, and the koala, nicknamed Sam, is doing fine. And he, it turns out, is a she.
The rescue was one small bright moment in Australia's wildfire tragedy. Thousands of acres have been burned out, almost 1,000 homes destroyed and more than 180 people killed.
Countless animals were killed in the disaster, which hit farming and forest regions to the north and east of the Victoria state capital of Melbourne, and many more fled in panic.
The Royal Society for the Protection of Animals said it was establishing shelters to care for thousands of pets and livestock affected by the disaster. | <urn:uuid:5ed29f54-c81c-4e72-95de-94604b9cacfd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.foxnews.com/story/2009/02/10/scorched-koala-rescued-from-australia-wildfire-wasteland.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00221-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982816 | 320 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Loyola’s Center for Environmental Law brings together dedicated students, inspiring professors, expert lawyers, and active members of the community to study and respond to the Gulf Coast’s most challenging environmental problems.
CEL enables students to explore cutting-edge environmental issues in the classroom, engage with experts at special events, and draft or analyze policy for real clients through Loyola’s Environmental Law and Policy Lab.
In addition, CEL oversees a popular certificate program in environmental law that prepares students for careers in private practice, government service, industry, non-profit advocacy, and public policy analysis.
The Gulf region offers one of the richest and most demanding geographies for environmental work. From fighting toxic pollution to restoring the marshes to expanding urban hydroponic farms, CEL focuses on improving the health and welfare of Gulf communities and the quality of the surrounding environment. | <urn:uuid:580f5ce5-70c1-4060-8a7e-cbe01ecd5e2f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.loyno.edu/environment-land-use/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00386-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.90751 | 180 | 2.078125 | 2 |
In a word – yes. It is true that the prices of fuel rise and fall and so do the prices of electrically heating and cooling your home. Be that as it may, homeowners are always looking for ways that can help them save on their energy bills. Many times, the first place that people look when it comes to spending money in an effort to save on energy bills is to upgrading or replacing their furnace, boiler or HVAC unit. While this might help things a bit, if you still have places in your walls and ceilings where air is leaking through then you will not be fixing the problem at all. It will be just like you are turning on the air conditioning while you have left the windows and doors open.
There is a solution though and it is one that is really quite simple. By adding spray foam insulation you can start to see savings on your energy bills immediately and if you do upgrade your heating and cooling units at a later date, you will see a return on your investment that is much greater.
Getting Spray Foam Insulation
In Minnesota, the major concern there is typically heat for when the weather is cold and nasty. There are companies in Minnesota that specialize in spray foam insulation. This type of insulation is great for homes and buildings that have been poorly insulated as well as for homes and buildings that you might think are insulated properly.
Spray foam insulation is an effective solution that can assist any budget with the monthly expenditures. It will improve the actual quality of the building and the energy savings that it can lead to might astonish you. In fact, many times people will report that they paid off the cost of the insulation with their savings in energy bills in less than two years. Each year following the spray foam insulation installation satisfied customers are spending less on heating and have more money in their pockets.
Getting spray foam insulation installed in your home or building is just one way that you can gain savings from your heating and cooling bills. Here are a few more tips that can also assist in lowering your energy bills.
- Each state has different regulations regarding energy programs. Check to see if there are any rebate programs for energy in your state.
- Make sure that the access hatches to the attic are properly fastened and that no air is escaping
- Cover your windows with shrink wrap in the cold months. You will be surprised at how much heat this can hold in.
- Lower the temp on the thermostat by five degrees.
- You can get cans of spray foam to spray around your windows and behind wall outlets to seal these up.
- Replace any weather stripping that might be old or damaged.
Spray foam insulation will definitely help with lowering your energy bills. The longer you wait to have this done, the more money you are wasting. | <urn:uuid:1f4ca91f-0165-4c1b-bda1-5c670463ae43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://propertyfactors.net/heating-and-air-conditioning/is-it-possible-to-save-money-with-spray-foam-insulation.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.968118 | 567 | 1.84375 | 2 |
During a ceremony held on February 27, the Department of Occupational Therapy welcomed one of its largest group of new members into Pi Theta Epsilon. PTE, a national honor society, recognizes outstanding students who demonstrate scholastic excellence and a commitment to contributing to the advancement of the occupational therapy profession.
At the induction, the new PTE members were individually recognized and as a group they recited the PTE’s pledge. Second-year student, Megan Roney and PTE treasurer commented, “It was wonderful to welcome all of the new members into Pi Theta and to celebrate their academic achievement.”
As part of the ceremony, Mackenzi Pergolotti, assistant professor, shared her journey to becoming an occupational therapist, what brought her to Colorado State University, and her research in the field of occupational therapy and oncology. Roney added, “Mackenzi’s talk about her journey into research was very inspirational and I think reminded us all of the power of creating change and expansion in the field though research pursuits.”
As part of the mission of promoting scholarly activities, PTE hosts guest speakers from various areas of occupational therapy practice and research for students and faculty. Previous speakers have shared their expertise in starting a business, adaptive recreation opportunities in the community and working with people with autism. Upcoming speakers will be talking about occupational therapy in a school setting and the integration of assistive technology in schools.
By Katie Townsend | <urn:uuid:afae93b2-2d66-4c23-aca0-02e213afe293> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://source.colostate.edu/pi-theta-epsilon-members-2017/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.96612 | 303 | 1.6875 | 2 |
More than 91 million Africans live with Hepatitis B or C, which are the deadliest strains of the virus, according to a World Health Organization (WHO) scorecard that was launched yesterday – ahead of today’s World Hepatitis Day.
The Viral Hepatitis Scorecard 2021 looks at data from the African region but focuses on Hepatitis B and C, both of which cause liver cirrhosis and cancer.
“Hepatitis has been called the silent epidemic, but this scorecard is sounding an alarm for the region and the world to hear,” said Dr Matshidiso Moeti, WHO Regional Director for Africa.
“We must do better and stop this disease from stealing away our children’s future. There is a safe and effective vaccine that offers nearly 100% protection against Hepatitis B, one of the deadliest strains of the virus. We must ensure that all African children are vaccinated within 24 hours of their birth and are followed up with two or more doses of the vaccine.”
The scorecard found that in 19 countries, more than 8% of the population is infected with Hepatitis B, while in 18 countries, more than 1% of the population lives with Hepatitis C. In 2020, the African region accounted for 26% of the global burden for Hepatitis B and C and 125,000 associated deaths.
Around 70% of Hepatitis B infections worldwide occur in Africa. It can take decades after infection from the virus before an individual starts manifesting symptoms.
Uganda has failed to introduce the HPV vaccine for newly born babies, five years after adopting the recommendation to introduce the much-needed jab that experts say is vital for cutting among others the high rates of cervical cancer and Hepatitis B (HEP B).
Speaking at the launch of a two-day scientific symposium to mark World Hepatitis Day on Wednesday morning, Dr. Daniel Kyabayinze, an Epidemiologist in the Ministry of Health, said that they still can’t find the money to add the vaccine among the thirteen that are already being given under the routine immunization schedule.
While it’s unclear how much money they need for sure, the Epidemiologist told URN that they are still speaking to donors including GAVI the Vaccines Alliance to see whether they can fund the initiative since guidelines and all the other needed paperwork have been finalized.
What is particularly worrying for the future is that the region accounts for 70% of the global Hepatitis B cases found among children younger than 5 years, with 4.5 million African children infected.
Currently, 33 countries have a Hepatitis B prevalence of more than 1% among children younger than 5 years, which is a small improvement from 40 countries in 2019.
The scorecard finds that coverage for routine childhood vaccination against Hepatitis B is 72% for the region, well below the global target of 90% needed to ensure that the virus is no longer a public health menace. The number of countries with more than 90% coverage has increased,from 23 in 2019 to 27 in 2021.
Additionally, while the birth dose vaccine is administered in only 14 African countries, at an overall coverage of 10%, it is an increase from 11 countries in 2019.
Hepatitis can be spread through contaminated blood products, and much more progress is needed to ensure blood safety. In the African region, only 80% of blood donations are screened with quality assurance, while 5% of syringes are re-used.
Only six syringes are distributed per injecting drug user, compared to the global annual target of 200.
Diagnosis and treatment rates are alarmingly low, the scorecard shows. In 2021, only an estimated 2% of persons infected with Hepatitis B were diagnosed, and only 0.1% were treated. For Hepatitis C, an estimated 5per cent of infected persons were diagnosed, with close to 0% treated.
In uganda, the government still struggles to have babies vaccinated early on, other initiatives such as vaccination of adolescent girls have hit challenges that came with COVID-19 restrictions.
The jabs for adolescent girls are supposed to be given at school and according to Kyabayinze, the two years of school closure meant that those that needed their second and third doses couldn’t get it including those that were getting vaccinated for the first time.
The Ministry of Health has now resumed vaccination. In a survey conducted in 2016, it was reported that the prevalence of Hep B infection among adults aged between 15 and 64 years stands at 4.1 percent, which means four in a hundred people are living with the virus that can cause liver cancer.
In children of 14 years and below, prevalence is low at 0.6 percent which is why experts are recommending early vaccination to counter infection. According to Kenneth Kabagambe, the Executive Director of the National Organization for People Living with Hepatitis B, the government should do more than roll out HPV vaccines.
He says awareness about HEP B is still very low and yet those that test positive cannot afford all the necessary tests required to be enrolled in care.
“To turn the tide, hepatitis services must move out of specialized clinics to decentralized and integrated facilitieswhere most Africans still seek care. More primary health care workers need to be trained to diagnose and treat the virus,” said Dr Moeti. “While there has been progress in making hepatitis medications affordable, still more needs to be done.”
This year’s World Hepatitis Day bears the theme Bringing Hepatitis Care Closer to You. It is a call to action for countries to rapidly improve access to services to prevent, diagnose and treat all strains of hepatitis.
To advance countries towards decentralized care, WHO is launching targeted training materials to support health workers in scaling up delivery of simplified Hepatitis B and C services, in line with Universal Health Coverage principles.
WHO has been providing technical support to countries for their national hepatitis response, and 28 African countries now have a national hepatitis programme, either as a standalone programme or integrated with HIV services.
Hepatitis strategic plans have been developed in 21 countries, while 17 countries have testing and treatment guidelines aligned with WHO guidelines.
In 2021, WHO established the 2021–2030 Framework for an Integrated Multisectoral Response to Tuberculosis, HIV, Sexually Transmitted Infections and Hepatitis in the African region.
The aim is to support milestones that include the introduction of the Hepatitis B birth dose vaccine in 35 Member States, diagnosis of at least 30% of those with chronic hepatitis infections, and the achievement of 30% of people with Hepatitis B and C on treatment.
Hepatitis remains an important public health threat in Africa. Progress in prevention, diagnosing and treatment was impeded between 2019 and 2021 due to the insufficient implementation of hepatitis interventions in countries.
To make a difference and fast-track the elimination targets, countries must consider the hepatitis threat a priority and bring hepatitis care closer to their communities by: increasing domestic funding for the elimination of tuberculosis, HIV, sexually transmitted infections and hepatitis establishing a platform for the integrated delivery of interventions (including the life-course approach; reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health care; and immunizations) investing in information and surveillance for action. | <urn:uuid:b398c44d-4fd5-42d9-ae2d-fbcf514e5d37> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://hejnu.ug/more-than-91-million-africans-live-with-hepatitis-b-or-c/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.943743 | 1,525 | 3.015625 | 3 |
How to Make Peace Without Politics
by Dan Sanchez
What if a presidential candidate threw a political rally, and nobody came? What if a government held an election, and nobody voted? What if that same government started a war, and nobody participated, whether in body or in spirit?
These questions are related.
Election season is trudging on, as are the wars. Many fans of peace hold out hope that if the former turns out a certain way, the latter may at last be mitigated.
Some are terrified of Hillary Clinton. And who can blame them? As Secretary of State, “Dick Cheney in a pantsuit” was midwife to so many of the disasters that wrack the world with bloodshed and chaos to this day. Many anti-war folk of a left-leaning persuasion are flocking to Bernie Sanders.
Others are more concerned with finally toppling the neocons from their perches of power. And who can blame them? The roots of our geopolitical plight reach back to before Clinton’s executive tenure, when the Bush administration neocons were launching their plans to remake the Greater Middle East. Many anti-war folk of the right-leaning persuasion are looking to Donald Trump to be their neocon-slayer.
But is this really the best we can do?
At the end of the day, Sanders is a moderate foreign interventionist who isn’t all too interested in foreign policy in the first place. Must anti-interventionists really settle for that in order to oppose hyper-interventionist Clinton?
And Trump actually out-hawks many Republicans when it comes to torture, the security state, civilian casualties, and blood-for-oil. Is such a man really to be the anti-war movement’s appointed champion against the neocons?
Thankfully, there is no need to support lesser warmongers in order to oppose greater ones.
Imagine if all the anti-war progressives now supporting Sanders, plus all the America-firsters now supporting Trump, were to stop flooding the internet and social media with electoral polemics. What if all that passion and digital ink was redirected to the message of peace.
Imagine “Stop the War on Yemeni Babies!” blazoned across the web instead of “Stop Hillary!” Or “Don’t Let the CIA Arm Al Qaeda in Syria” instead of “Don’t Let the Establishment Steal the Nomination from Trump.”
An intense focus on policies over personas could really turn public sentiment against the actual combat of war, and divert public attention away from its obsession with the theatrical combat of political Wrestlemania.
You may wonder, what about the consequences of the peace camp abandoning its stations in the electoral battle against the worst war hawks? What if as a result Hillary or Ted Cruz’s neocon allies sweep to victory?
A clique may seize office, but the new administration will not govern in a vacuum. All regimes must strive to preserve public legitimacy. And no regime can afford to flout too blatantly the prevailing spirit of the times. The new president may have won a majority of votes. But if only a small proportion of the country actually voted in the first place, that translates into a rather shrunken mandate.
And if the non-voting bulk of the public is stridently anti-war, that especially diminishes the president’s foreign policy mandate in particular. Faced with a sizable segment of the public intransigently opposed to war, even a militaristic president will be constrained, and may even need to draw back. Even Richard Nixon ended a war when public opinion demanded it.
Throughout history, most reductions in tyrannical violence have had nothing to do with the ideology or virtue of office-holders. Instead, such reforms were the result of shifts in public sentiment. Under such conditions, to be a “reformer,” a politician need no redeeming quality other than being self-serving enough to shift with the wind. And if Hillary Clinton, Ted Cruz, or any other politician are anything, it is self-serving.
I’m not saying we should hope Hillary or Ted will win. I’m saying that who wins doesn’t matter nearly as much as the public’s attitude toward war and toward the Washington war machine itself.
On election day, if fewer people lined up dutifully to choose between aspiring elective emperors, and more people assembled defiantly to decry the empire itself, peace would have much better prospects. | <urn:uuid:abdfba90-847f-4329-8870-97074e19e4df> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://ascendingstarseed.wordpress.com/2016/04/26/what-if-the-empire-held-an-election-and-nobody-came/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00407-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945785 | 937 | 1.84375 | 2 |
In a globe where Elizabeth Holmes, Anna Delvey as well as the Tinder Trickster co-exist, it appears like scammers are waiting for unsuspecting victims around every corner. Occasionally, those sufferers are even sophisticated money experts.
Andrew, a 27-year-old licensed monetary organizer, learned this lesson by hand last month when he was tricked out of $3,000 by somebody posing a financial investment consultant on Instagram. According to cybersecurity professionals, Andrew– that requested for his last name to be held back to protect his job safety– is much from alone.
More than 95,000 people shed a collective $770 million in scams or hacks started on social networks platforms in 2021, according to the Federal Profession Commission. Such issues “will certainly enter into our every day life,” Theresa Payton, Chief Executive Officer of Fortalice Solutions as well as a previous White House CIO, informs CNBC Make things. “We’re mosting likely to need to tolerate them, just as there made use of to be individuals attempting to squander fake checks.”
Part of the reason social networks rip-offs as well as hacks are so regular, Payton says, is because of that as well as exactly how they target their targets online. She claims a number of top-level individuals, from Elon Musk to President Joe Biden, have been caught in similar types of schemes.
” Defrauders and cybercriminals can actually educate a masterclass in human behavior,” she claimed. “They find individuals who are genuine, that have a following, that have an excellent history, then lure them being used social networks engineering, so they can draw in other people, also.”
Andrew’s story, while traumatic, upright a positive note: He had the ability to recoup his $3,000. However it’s proof that everybody’s at risk these days– even monetary specialists. Below’s just how Andrew obtained scammed, as well as the 4 significant warnings he missed, according to Payton:
1. A pitch that’s too good to be real
It all started when Andrew saw his good friend article a video on Instagram. In the video, the good friend said he ‘d received a huge return on a $3,000 cash financial investment in less than 1 day, from dealing with an investment consultant. The close friend labelled the consultant in the blog post, as well as added screenshots professing to demonstrate how his investment had actually quickly ballooned to $40,000.
Andrew really felt questionable, but fascinated: He and also the buddy shared an interest in the stock exchange and cryptocurrency. So he direct messaged the close friend to find out more, as well as swiftly obtained a personal recommendation of the method.
” The first red flag is his pal instantly extoling what they’re doing as well as how much cash they’re making,” Payton states. “If you’re making money, that has time to extol it? It’s like when your friends obtain hacked and begin uploading, ‘I shed this much weight in 7 days.’ If it’s anything seems as well excellent to be true, even if it matches your close friend’s career background, it most likely is.”
She additionally recommends getting the phone and calling that friend straight, in case somebody else is controlling their account. Or, if you don’t have their number, message them requesting for a “special or unique” detail. That is my favored NASCAR chauffeur? Who is your favorite university sporting activities team?
” Sometimes those concerns in fact make defrauders desert the account,” Payton claims.
2. A constant back-and-forth
Still, Andrew wasn’t offered. He connected to the expert identified in his friend’s article, asking about the impossibly high roi. The advisor “inferred that there’s some type of derivative [crypto market] that many people aren’t privy to,” Andrew claims.
Rapidly, the two developed a rapport. The even more crypto-related jargon the expert made use of, the even more Andrew believed he was reputable.
The speed of the expert’s reaction should have been one more warning, Payton states.
” If somebody is regularly responding to your DMs, it’s much less likely that it’s really a person reacting,” she states. “It’s more probable that it’s from a manuscript with canned reactions.”
3. A last chance
Andrew, complying with instructions, put $1,000 in a Zelle account and an additional approximately $2,000 in bitcoin in Money Application. He gave the accounts’ information to the consultant, who sent Andrew a link to a site that appeared to be Foreign exchange, an online foreign exchange market. Within 5 mins, Andrew watched his $3,000 investment jump to more than $42,000.
Beginning to feel uneasy, Andrew stated he was ready to cash out. The advisor, that currently regulated the accounts, agreed to launch the funds– yet just if Andrew videotaped a video clip of himself backing the procedure.
Andrew states he originally resisted, since “it’s against the CFP code of conduct to offer unrequested economic suggestions while promising returns.” But the consultant ensured him the video would only be watched by potential clients, as well as never ever published externally.
Payton says this is the 3rd red flag: Andrew should have identified the technique from his own personal experience, “since that’s how [Andrew] got hooked– a video clip uploaded by his pal.”
4. Strange links
Andrew recorded a video with please notes, stating he wasn’t backing the expert’s solutions, and sent it to the expert. The consultant after that sent Andrew a web link to remove his revenues, however rather than leading to Foreign exchange, the web link opened what appeared to be Instagram’s login page. Andrew entered his username and also password, and also was virtually immediately shut out of his account.
Now, Andrew claims, he recognized he had been tricked. He called the cops to file an occurrence report, opened up his side hustle’s Instagram account and also began relaying cautions regarding his individual Instagram account and also the account of the supposed expert.
Weeks later on, he still does not have access to his individual Instagram account– which, till recently, was reposting edited videos appearing to show Andrew supporting the fraudster. When contacted by CNBC Make It, a speaker from Facebook, Instagram’s sis brand, said they ‘d check out better.
” We have sophisticated procedures in place to quit criminals in their tracks prior to they access to accounts, as well as steps to help individuals recoup their accounts,” the representative stated. “We know we can do more below, and also we’re working hard in both of these locations to stop bad actors prior to they create damage, and to keep our area safe.”
As for the money, Andrew called his financial institution– which immediately stopped the $1,000 Zelle deal, as well as directed him to file a separate case through Visa as well as Cash App to recuperate the other $2,000. Ultimately, Andrew obtained the cash back. However by this point, his reliability as a financial expert went to risk.
With each other, he says, he and his manager alerted the CFP Board of Requirements, which checks the proficiency and also ethical methods of all CFPs throughout several countries. Uncertain of exactly how his Instagram username and personal details could be connected to his business, he also asked his employer’s IT division to keep track of any type of suspicious task.
Today, Andrew’s job as a CFP remains intact. And regarding he recognizes, the scammer was incapable to get into any one of his various other social media sites accounts or– even more crucially– savings account.
Payton claims that after the scam happened, Andrew “did all the best points” to safeguard his individual info. For others wishing to prevent comparable dilemmas, below’s her advice:
Take into consideration utilizing different email represent your social media sites, monetary as well as healthcare accounts. Make use of an encrypted service like ProtonMail for any kind of account connected to extremely delicate or confidential information.
Activate multi-factor authentication for all of your accounts. If you obtain an alert of unusual task on your account, don’t click on any web links. Instead, go directly to your profile and also change your password by hand.
Accredit a pal or relative to have emergency situation access to your account. Some social networks systems allow you to appoint a back-up customer on their “privacy as well as setups” page. Instagram doesn’t yet, however the Facebook agent informed CNBC Make It that the attribute is currently being evaluated.
Record the account to the social networks system, submit an authorities report and send cases to FBI at IC3.gov and the Federal Trade Payment at ftc.gov. | <urn:uuid:28564027-67cc-4e1e-a29a-b517c5136a5d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://plsoftsolution.com/author/ad/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.975077 | 1,934 | 1.742188 | 2 |
CHICOPEE, Mass. (WWLP) – Even though spring weather has been delayed this year, the allergy season is still coming.
The snow continues to melt away and finally we’re starting to see some signs of spring. The trees are starting to bud and some plants are starting to sprout.
But if you’re an allergy sufferer you’ve probably had it pretty easy up until now.
Because everything has been delayed experts say this allergy season will be one of the worst because the pollen will come on strong all at once.
“Some of those symptoms basically sneezing, runny nose, itchy eyes, sometimes it can become a little bit severe like sinus pressure that can turn into infection like sinusitis,” said Dr. Ahmed Elmogy of Chicopee Urgent Care.
If you have severe allergies you should avoid going outside when the pollen count is high. Don’t hang laundry outdoors and shower off when you come inside.
The tree pollen is expected to be on the rise over the next several weeks. | <urn:uuid:113267d5-52cb-43c0-982a-2007d6a264f8> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://wwlp.com/2014/03/27/long-winter-may-mean-a-severe-allergy-season/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721141.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00417-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947882 | 225 | 1.554688 | 2 |
The weight loss programs are not necessarily beneficial to all. Not everyone can enjoy the benefits of weight loss. This is because as most of us are not aware of the various facts weight loss programs. Some weight loss programs may simply claim to lose weight without performing any type of exercise. Just following the diet program to lose weight will be enough? We often are told to practice active and regular exercise for losing weight. This should be only because we do not have any knowledge about the pros and cons of such weight loss programs.
Know more about the facts of these programs accordingly:
Most of us are aware of the popular weight loss programs that may be beneficial for reducing weight. The very fact is that most of these low calorie diet programs are believed to work for short period of time and may work for few days. Initially you may experience some reduction in your body weight, but soon after some days you may regain the weight as soon as this program is stopped.
You may wonder why these happen so often and repeatedly whenever you have tried it. The body conserves energy in the form of fats. If something abnormal happens that affects the body fat deposits then you are likely to disturb adversely body metabolism. The body metabolism may slow down, which may disrupt the fat burning process. This may ultimately lead you to gain weight and make you obese.
On the other hand high calorie may flip a great problem to weight gain. When you intake large amount of food your metabolism slows down and body can not work efficiently to burn all the consumed calories that you have taken. Whereas some amount of energy do get utilized when you perform certain type of activities. The remaining type of energy is stored in form of fats in the fat cells.
One of the weight loss diet programs is shifting calorie method. This is a method that involves nutritious food and required to consume variety of food based on each food’s calorie count. In every days meal you eat low calorie foods as well as high calorie foods. In doing so, you may enhance the body’s metabolism rate. Another trick you may follow is that instead of eating two large meals, you may prefer four smaller meals every day.
These diet plans may have some disadvantages along with advantages too. One of the prominent advantages of this is that you do not have to take some additional or special foods or diet supplements to achieve the target of weight loss. This program may allow you to eat regular food. The only thing you have to keep in mind is to regulate and control the amount of food that you intake that will in turn help you to monitor calorie rate per day. On the other side on the mirror, you may find some ill-effects of such program. This diet program does not help to build or tone your muscles. More the muscles are leaner and skimpy, more speedily the weight loss process takes place. This diet program does not endorse you to perform exercise but you should be intelligent enough to practice healthy exercise that may help you to keep your cardiovascular health fit.
The best way is to practice exercise regularly as this will help you to keep fit and healthy. Exercise stimulates metabolism as well as enhances fat burning process that helps you to reduce weight effectively. | <urn:uuid:c1020c8f-cab2-4325-aef6-0b3c81281854> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.healthwikinews.com/know-the-facts-of-weight-loss-programs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00404-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966012 | 645 | 2.203125 | 2 |
hi, I have recently relgazed a large bow window on my house. my house
is appox 80 years old. my question is regarding the inside of the
window. I am going to paint the inside of the window . Side note-
since the windows had very poor glazing- lots of moisture seeped into
the inside section of the window and has caused the paint in the house
to peel. I am in the process of scrapping the paint from the inside
section of the bow windows- this is- inside the hosue.. Is it
necessary to put any glaze compound on the inside of the window? or
should I just put paint there... Again, the outside have been
reglazed- my question is about the inside.. Thanks
What's there now? Normally with a window that uses glazing, it only
goes on the outside
of the window around the perimeter of each pane
of glass after the glass is put in against the
wood. The other side of the glass just rests against
the wood frame of the window.
yes I realize glaze is on the outside.. on the inside- which is my
living room I have scraped paint but was wondering if i should put
something around glass edges on the inside to stop moisture? or just
paint it thanks!!
The "correct" (or infinitely nit picked) procedure for glazing or re-
glazing a wooden window is:
1) apply some thinned orange shellac to the window sash material where
the glass will seat and allow it to dry
2) apply a very small amount of glazing compound to the same surface
to act as a bedding compound
3) seat the glass and glaze as usual
4) on the inside I typically prep with a bit latex caulk and paint as
If the sashes have been neglected or moisture damaged, I suggest
applying a couple treatments of lineseed oil thinned with turpentine
prior to the shellac.
I use an organic linseed oil glazing compound.
On 2/12/2012 4:40 PM, firstname.lastname@example.org wrote:
The proper way to reglaze is to place glazing compound before the glass
so that there is g.c. on inside and outside. Inside, of course, would
be a very thin layer. If the interior wood is "weathered", it should be
sanded prior to priming and painting. Painting will leave a fine line
of paint on the glass, which aids in keeping moisture from reaching the
Yes, I always used a thin ribbon of putty to bed the new glass.
Not for water resistance, but to prevent rattles.
If the outside was glazed right, the inside will only get moisture
from inside condensation.
Filling those small gaps with paint keeps moisture out.
Glass is an easy place to use masking tape, but a razor cleans it up
so easy I never bothered with tape.
I always used boiled linseed oil on badly weathered wood windows
Seemed to work well.
Well, the time to have done any needed repair (other than cosmetic) was
while you had the glass out.
I like a thin primer or at a minimum soak w/ linseed oil the frame under
the glass for some moisture protection but it's too late after having
glazed unless you did.
The inside is not glazed; just do as any repaint--scrape, rough prep and
needed repair then sanding and if weathered an oxalic acid wash to
remove oxidized layer that will prevent long-term adherence if present
and then normal prep and paint.
Your best bet would be to seal the inside glass/wood interface with a
curing type oil. Linseed oil (boiled) is good, tung oil is better.
Read the directions on the tung oil container for diluents like
turpentine, or whatever, and thin as need to allow maximum
penetration. Wipe off the excess as directed, and recoat as
reccommended. The cure will take several weeks, after which the wood
can be painted.
That is a good plan, but doesn't work with all glazing compounds. This
would be for oily g.c., I believe. Gotta follow label directions/ Here
is a link to one of DAP's glazing compound tech. data sheets:
It recommends using an oil-based primer on wood prior to glazing.
HomeOwnersHub.com is a website for homeowners and building and maintenance pros. It is not affiliated with any of the manufacturers or service providers discussed here.
All logos and trade names are the property of their respective owners. | <urn:uuid:383d493d-cfc4-4c26-bbcc-6fccb45cfdbc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.homeownershub.com/maintenance/glazing-bow-windows-on-80-year-old-house-question-about-i-684376-.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00016-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934034 | 1,009 | 1.867188 | 2 |
LA PLATA, Md. (June 17, 2011)—Student teams from three Charles County public schools were named winners in the Charles County Governments Going Green: What Does It Mean? video contest. Mary B. Neal Elementary School was named the winner at the elementary school level. Piccowaxen Middle School earned the overall middle school spot and students at North Point High School are the winners at the high school level.
The video contest is part of the countys efforts to increase awareness about green initiatives. Each team will be recognized at the Charles County 2011 Green Expo this Saturday, June 18, from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. at North Point High School. Each team receives a $200 prize and the middle and high school winners will also travel to NBC 4 studios in Washington, D.C., to watch the taping of a news segment.
The contest was open to all schools and students were asked to create videos that highlighted environmentally-friendly living and awareness, and what it meant for students to live green in their communities.
Students on the Neal team include fourth graders Shawntasia Bishop, Jessica Dlamini, Samantha Frias, Dean Kirby, Christina Marion, Alejandro Rodriguez and James Sayers. Team sponsors are Joseph Rubilotta, science teacher at Neal, and Brian Welfle, music teacher at Neal.
The team at Piccowaxen includes eighth graders Christain Barnes, Danielle Bowling, Brooke Dement, Blaine Hoffman, Demi Lewis, Nicole Lusk, Branden Nestor and Zachary Sinclair. Team sponsors are Teresa Jones, gifted education teacher, and Sandra Chisholm, computer teacher at Piccowaxen.
North Points winning team is comprised of juniors Troy Durham, Russ Milheim, Jessica Williams and Heather Yerecic, and seniors Darius Simmons and Beyshon Wigfall. Team sponsor is Ryan Bogart, a North Point English teacher.
We sincerely congratulate the winners, and we thank all of the students who created videos for their hard work and continued environmental awareness efforts, said Commissioner President Candice Quinn Kelly in a statement on behalf of the Charles County Board of Commissioners.
2011 sponsors of the Green Expo are: Chaney Enterprises, Saint Charles Communities, College of Southern Maryland, Meridian, SMECO, Southern Solutions, Waste Management, Coca-Cola, Elm Street Development, Chick-fil-A, Soleil Solar, Lowes, HazTrain, GenOn, Dillons Bus Service, PNC Bank, Charles County Technology Council, Golder Associates, Loiederman, Soltesz Associates, Quality Printers, LLC, Habitat for Humanity ReStore, Ritas Ice, Giant, and Heavens Garden, LLC.
All winning videos are posted on the Charles County Going Green Web site at | <urn:uuid:540ae7ef-76e5-4a07-b836-11cd967afcf5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://somd.com/news/headlines/2011/13931.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00026-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919966 | 570 | 1.648438 | 2 |
AUSTRALIA. History , Culture and Info of the smallest continent. Australia as a country.
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History, Culture and Info of the smallestcontinent
People first arrived in Australia more than 50,000 years ago. These native Australians are called theAustralianAborigines. For the history of Australia, see History of Australia.
Most of the Australian colonies, having been settled from Britan, became mostly independent democratic states in the 1850s and all six combined as a federation on 1of the January 1901
Because Australia is such a very large land, it was easy to think that it might be able to hold a very large number of people. In the early days of the colony, a great number of explorers went out, searching for good land to settle on. When the settlers looked west from Sydney, they saw a range of mountains which they called the BlueMountians. They were not very high and did not look very rugged but for many years no-one could find their way through them. In 1813 Gregory Blaxland, William Lawsonand a 17 year-old called William Charles Wentworth crossed the Blue Mountains and found land on the other side which was good for farming. A road was built and the GovernorLachlan Macquarie founded the town of Bathurst on the other side, 100 miles from Sydney.
Klaudia Duplicka klasa 3B | <urn:uuid:2e6f189c-efae-4f6b-bdc7-50a76d41e0e7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.slideserve.com/alvaro/australia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00384-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972189 | 349 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Food. We all need it to live. And after working up an appetite swimming, snorkeling and surfing all day, you'll want plenty of it. Luckily most Caribbean restaurants see fit to load up your plate, and the variety of menu items - from Spanish to Americana, from Creole to strange concoctions you've never heard of - will have something to please even the pickiest eater when traveling through the Caribbean islands.
Traditional Caribbean food takes on many forms. Since its culture is largely an amalgamation of a lot of diverse factors, Caribbean dining can be a feast of any number of signature dishes. Indigenous peoples, West African, French and Spanish cuisine all have their place on the menus here. Nearly every dish is topped off with a rich blend of spices that traditional Caribbean foods are famous for. The African dishes began as a byproduct of the slave trade – the slaves were left to fend for themselves with the foods their masters left for them, and did their best to replicate their favorite dishes from home.
But most Caribbean foods bear the most relation to the Creole traditions, mixed with the spices of the island, along with a multitude of rice dishes that have carried over from Spanish colonialism. The most famous traditional Caribbean foods include callaloo - an African soup based around crab, beef and chicken – curried goat stew, and a wide variety of fish cooked to perfection.
Another traditional favorite is the buljol - a salted codfish shredded and season with a combination of onions, tomatoes, peppers and olive oil. You'll find the buljol served in a coconut bake. When dining in the Caribbean, you can't forget the roti - a flour wrap with curried meat or vegetables.
But the main spots for dining are mainly found in the French West Indies. Nowhere will you find better traditional Caribbean foods than on St. Martin. The jewel of the French islands, St. Martin offers the finest Caribbean restaurants in the entire region. Inexpensive French wines also line the menus, a rare find for many American travelers. Martinique and St. Lucia carry on this fine tradition, though the tops chefs from these islands often travel to St. Martin to perfect their craft.
Anguilla is another outpost of wonderful Caribbean dining, where you can find lobster salad, grilled snapper, crayfish casserole and vanilla bean sauce at any of the best restaurants. You might notice that most everything on the island is seafood based, even more so than neighboring islands – the fishing industry is stronger here than anywhere else in the region. Since Anguilla actually belongs to the British, a few favorites from England have made their way across the sea, including breadfruit and curries and Indian foods.
A mainstay of Caribbean dining is jerk chicken or pork. Jerk is a unique Jamaican method of preparing large chunks of meat. The meat is marinated with a mixture of spices and peppers and traditionally cooked over a flame. You can find jerk foods all across America, but until you've eaten the genuine article you are seriously missing out. The popularity of the dish has spread from Jamaica and is now ubiquitous through the Caribbean. | <urn:uuid:459e4934-f40e-49bc-ae47-72ad3f726344> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.destination360.com/caribbean/dining | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00488-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961683 | 640 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Immunogenicity and in vivo protection of a variant nanoparticle vaccine that confers broad protection against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants
Johnson, Robert M.
Portnoff, Alyse D.
McGrath, Marisa E.
Haupt, Robert E.
Weston, Stuart M.
Plested, Joyce S.
Greene, Ann M.
Glenn, Greg M.
Frieman, Matthew B.
MetadataShow full item record
AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread globally. As SARS-CoV-2 has transmitted from person to person, variant viruses have emerged with elevated transmission rates and higher risk of infection for vaccinees. We present data showing that the Novavax® recombinant prefusionstabilized Spike (rS) protein based on the B.1.351 sequence (rSB.1.351) was highly immunogenic in mice and produced neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2/WA1, B.1.1.7, and B.1.351. Mice vaccinated with the Novavax® prototype vaccine NVX-CoV2373 (rSWU1) or rS-B.1.351 alone, in combination, or as a heterologous prime boost, were protected when challenged with live SARS-CoV-2/B.1.1.7 or SARS-CoV-2/B.1.351. Virus titer was reduced to undetectable levels in the lungs post-challenge in all vaccinated mice, and Th1-skewed cellular responses were observed. A strong anamnestic response was demonstrated in baboons boosted with rS-B.1.351 approximately one year after immunization with NVX-CoV2373 (rS-WU1). An rS-B.1.351 vaccine alone or in combination with prototype rS-WU1 induced protective antibody- and cell-mediated responses that were protective against challenge with SARS-CoV-2 variant viruses.
DescriptionPoster presented at the American Society for Virology Annual Meeting, July 18, 2022
Rights/TermsAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Identifier to cite or link to this itemhttp://hdl.handle.net/10713/19373
The following license files are associated with this item:
- Creative Commons
Except where otherwise noted, this item's license is described as Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International | <urn:uuid:04760007-e4c2-45ad-8716-37cea81c6adb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://archive.hshsl.umaryland.edu/handle/10713/19373 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.873014 | 645 | 1.570313 | 2 |
July 01, 2014
Veterinarians who work with exotic companion mammals say each species has its attractions as well as its challenges. The Association of Exotic Mammal Veterinarians and the Exotic Companion Mammal specialty under the American Board of Veterinary Practitioners are advancing medicine for these species. And owners of these pets seem somewhat more likely to seek veterinary care than in the past, say veterinarians who work with them.
This July in Denver, the AVMA House of Delegates will elect either Dr. Larry G. Dee of Hollywood, Florida, or Dr. Joseph H. Kinnarney of Reidsville, North Carolina, as next in line for the AVMA presidency, after Dr. Ted Cohn. Both 2014-2015 president-elect candidates are companion animal practitioners and small business owners with decades of volunteer service in organized veterinary medicine. Recently, each candidate explained to JAVMA News why he should lead the AVMA.
Ohio residents have received or sought permits to continue owning about 300 primates, big cats, venomous snakes, and other animals deemed to be dangerous. The state has required such permits since Jan. 1. About three dozen other animals, including alligators, bears, a wolf, a serval, and a cougar, have been relinquished to the state, which has worked to find homes in sanctuaries.
3-D printers are gaining popularity in veterinary academia and are currently being used for prototyping and custom medical applications. The ability to take computed tomographic or magnetic resonance images and create 3-D replicas has allowed veterinary surgeons to better prepare for their procedures, thereby reducing the duration of surgeries, diminishing the amount of time the patient is under anesthesia, and improving patient safety and outcomes.
The Women’s Veterinary Leadership Development Initiative has established its first three student chapters at Cornell University, Texas A&M University, and the Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine. The WVLDI could potentially add five more chapters this fall. In the meantime, the organization will meet during the AVMA Annual Convention and also host eight sessions. | <urn:uuid:37eed955-8691-436f-a6b1-d376dd16f888> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.avma.org/News/JAVMANews/Pages/140701_TOC.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00037-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948023 | 425 | 1.726563 | 2 |
John McGowan, General Secretary of the Social Workers Union (SWU) provides an overview of the importance of whistleblowing in the workplace and shares helpful advice and guidance
Many social workers are often just too afraid to blow the whistle on poor practice. Although whistleblowing is not always easy to do there is advice and support readily available through SWU and BASW.
Talking about whistleblowing can assist members who need to highlight health and safety risks, potential problems in the care of vulnerable people, cover-ups and many other problems pertinent to the social work profession.
Often it is only through whistleblowing that this information comes to light and it can be addressed effectively before real damage is done. Whistleblowing should be regarded as a valuable activity which can positively influence practice and personal experiences causing concern.
Whistle-blowers are crucial in preventing and detecting wrongdoing and malpractice in the workplace.
However, it is important that we recognise the difference between blowing the whistle and making a personal complaint. As with so many difficult ethical decisions, whistleblowing decisions often reduce to a matter of integrity.
There are no simple procedures that social workers can use to determine what they ought to do. The answer is often a product of difficult reflection and a worry about doing the right thing. If you are unsure of any of your employment rights or want to talk through any specific advice in relation to whistleblowing, or any other employment issue that you may wish to discuss, please do not hesitate to contact the Advice and Representation Team on 0121 622 8413.
- Do also see our FAQs by the BASW/SWU Advice and Representation (A&R) service
- SWU Health and Safety during Covid-19: Position Statement
BASW/SWU Advice and Representation Officer Julie Long shares advice on Whistleblowing
There are two pieces of legislation that support whistle-blowers from detrimental treatment by their employer, namely the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 and the Protected Disclosure Act 2012.
- The Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 provides protection to ‘workers’ making disclosures in the public interest and allows such individuals to claim compensation for victimisation following such disclosures.
- The Protected Disclosure Act 2012 encourages, and assists, people in making disclosures of improper conduct by public officers and public bodies, as well as any person who adversely effects the honest performance of a public officer or public body of their functions.
Under the provisions of the Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 (generally known as the ‘Whistle- Blowers Act’) protection is given to a worker who makes a protected disclosure to a specified individual.
The primary aim of the Act is to encourage the resolution of concerns through proper work-place procedures. Many organisations have a whistleblowing policy, which tells you how to raise concerns. This policy can be obtained from your Human Resources department. The policy will usually give the name of a specific person who you can speak to with regards to the disclosure.
The policy is likely to state whether or not you are allowed to raise concerns anonymously. The organisation probably wouldn’t refuse to investigate a complaint just because you wanted to remain anonymous. However, generally, it will be easier for them to investigate and deal with your concerns if you identify yourself. You can, though, ask for your identity to be kept confidential, however there may be limits on this. Any matter raised should be investigated thoroughly, promptly and confidentially. The outcome of the investigation should then be reported back to you, even if no action is taken.
There are two types of whistleblowing, internal whistleblowing and external whistleblowing. Internal whistleblowing means that the whistle blower reports misconduct to another person within the organisation. An external whistle-blower is a person who reports an organisation’s illegal, immoral, and/or illegitimate working practice to someone outside of the organisation.
A qualifying disclosure must be one of the six categories of subject matter specified in the Employment Rights Act 1999(see below). That is any disclosure of information which, in the reasonable belief of the worker making it, tends to fulfil one of the following criteria.
- That a criminal offence has been committed, is being committed or is likely to be committed
- That a person has failed, is failing, or, is likely to fail to comply with any legal obligation to which he is subject
- That a miscarriage of justice has occurred, is occurring, or, is likely to occur
- The health or safety of any individual has been, is being, or, is likely to occur
- That the environment has been, is being, or, is likely to be damaged
- That any of the above points are being deliberately concealed
A qualifying disclosure will be a protected disclosure if it is made in one of the six ways set out in the act. The disclosure must be made through the appropriate channels. For instance, four of these categories are to be made to named individuals, while the further two categories are subject to more stringent conditions. Disclosure must be made to one of the following persons:
- In good faith to his employer
- While obtaining legal advice (e.g. to a solicitor)
- A disclosure made in good faith to a minister of the Crown.
Furthermore, the Public Interest Disclosure (Prescribed Persons) Order describes the individuals and (bodies) to which disclosure may be made.
There are some thirty-eight bodies so prescribed, including various regulatory bodies and local authorities, for example.
The matters that are the subject of a protected disclosure are usually matters in which there is a significant public interest. Workers making these types of disclosures are protected from victimisation if they are revealing information of the right type by making what is known as a ‘qualifying disclosure’. Which means making the disclosure to the right person, in the right way thus making it a ‘protected disclosure’.
A disclosure will be protected if it is made in good faith, the worker reasonably believes that the information disclosed, and any allegation made in it, are substantially true. The disclosure must not be made for personal gain, the matter disclosed is of an exceptional serious nature, and in all the circumstances, it was reasonable for the worker to make the disclosure.
A worker does not need to prove the existence of any of the points outlined. The worker merely needs to show they had a reasonable belief that this was so. Nor does the worker have to prove that an offence has been committed. Clearly, however if a worker fails to show that they had a reasonable belief of wrongdoing as outlined above, it is likely that an Employment Tribunal would find that the worker did not have a reasonable belief.
A disclosure will not be protected if the worker commits an offence by making it. For example, in breach of the Official Secrets Act.
For a whistle-blower to obtain protection of the Act his motives for making the disclosure are also relevant. A worker who makes a protected disclosure has the right not to suffer a detriment. If he is an employee, he has the right not to be dismissed. If he is a worker, if dismissed, he will not be able to claim unfair dismissal but could successfully argue this amounts to a detriment and therefore claim compensation.
Who should you Report Whistleblowing to?
If, you have concerns but you aren’t sure how to raise them, or want advice about good practice you can call the NHS & Social Care Whistleblowing Helpline on 0800 724725. They can advise on the process but cannot deal with complaints directly. If you are unsure of any of your employment rights or want to talk through any specific advice in relation to whistleblowing, or any other employment issue that you may wish to discuss, please do not hesitate to contact the Advice and Representation Team on 0121 622 8413 | <urn:uuid:d50fdfd8-8df3-46d4-96b0-9393688f007a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.basw.co.uk/whistleblowing-workplace | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.96022 | 1,602 | 2.1875 | 2 |
The Commission encourages investment in European venture capital through a number of actions.
What is investment in venture capital?
Investment in venture capital is characterised by a higher risk than more traditional investment in securities listed on stock exchanges, but also by a potentially higher return on investment.
Venture capital investment is directed at young, fast-growing companies, notably at their early stages. By channelling funding to companies introducing new technologies or products, venture capital plays a vital economic role in supporting innovation and technology transfer.
Investment in venture capital by institutional investors, such as pension funds, banks and funds of funds, is usually indirect and made through investment funds, in the same way as investment in other alternative assets, including hedge funds.
How does the Commission foster European venture capital?
It does this through the following actions: | <urn:uuid:98566e17-e432-42b0-b5ca-5ca1671f9a95> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/financial_operations/investment/private_equity/index_en.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00000-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957737 | 168 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Can WordPress become the basis of a social network? Automattic founder and WordPress creator Matt Mullenweg hinted today on his blog that WordPress might go in a more social direction. He announced a new hire, Andy Peatling, the developer behind BuddyPress, a social network built on top of WordPress. BuddyPress will now become an official WordPress project.
Peatling describes an earlier version of BuddyPress, ChickSpeak (a social network for college women). He built ChickSpeak (and BuddyPress) on top of a multi-user version of WordPress. He moved all the blog posts off to the side and made most of the real estate a profile page with messaging functionality. Finally, he took advantage of all the open-source plugins available for WordPress:
WordPress also has an excellent plugin API, as well as a whole host of quality pre-built plugins ready to download and activate. The key here is that I didn’t have to hack the core – I could just achieve the additional functionality needed by building dedicated plugins.
Plugins were built and used for private messaging, advanced profile management, online polls, photo management, multi-blog search and user credential management.
It is easy to dismiss this as completely unnecessary given the abundance of social networks already out there, as well as application development platforms like OpenSocial. But an open-source social network does present some intriguing possibilities. New apps and features could be added simply by creating new plugins. And there would be no lock-in to any proprietary code or development environment. Mullenweg writes:
Someday, perhaps, the world will have a truly Free and Open Source alternative to the walled gardens and open-only-in-API platforms that currently dominate our social landscape.
I asked Mullenweg if the world really needs another social network. His response:
The world doesn’t need another social network, it needs a thousand networks that let you own your data and interconnect using open standards. We invest countless hours giving our data to networks like MySpace, essentially sharecropping on their land for the privilege of being able to connect to our friends. It’s our friends, our time, our connections, our data — it should be our software.
I think only an Open Source solution can do that.
Automattic already hosts nearly 2.6 million blogs on WordPress.com that generate more than 100,000 posts a day. That is a vibrant and big community. Could that be used to seed a social network? Even if BuddyPress remains a completely separate project, it will be interesting to see if it can out-innovate Facebook or MySpace or Bebo as a social networking platform. Does anyone think it has a chance?
Update: Strangely the GNU Public Licensed BuddyPress has had its page taken down by Automattic and replaced with default “coming soon” message with links to the code removed (cache of the original page here). Same with the project page on Google Code, the main page having only just been pulled as the original page is still available to be viewed via Google cache. A subsidiary page with access to the plugin hasn’t been deleted by Automattic yet and is available here. Update 2: The code is back up now. It was taken down temporarily in anticipation of a move to a new URL buddypress.org (not live yet). | <urn:uuid:6135c2f1-cb69-4a96-aed3-b85be8dd86c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techcrunch.com/2008/03/04/wordpress-the-social-network/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.949249 | 702 | 1.546875 | 2 |
This Missile base was siezed by Hezbollah and the Muslim Brotherhood recently in Syria and rests overlooking the nation state of Israel
By S. Montague
When looking back at the missile attacks against Israel last month by the Hamas Terrorist organization in Gaza, it is hard not to make a few observations.
As rapidly as the unsolicited attacks began, they ended in the same fashion. We must ask ourselves, what was achieved by Hamas?
There are certainly many valuable pieces of information that were inadvertently released by Israel to their enemies during Operation Pillar of Defense. Among these were Israel’s plan of response to a missile attack. This is understandable though because in any act of defense against your aggressor, your defensive posture will be observed. This is almost completely unavoidable, especially with the technology that exists today. And, speaking of which… technology, namely military technology, played a major role in Israel’s ability to defend herself from the islamic aggression, just a few kilometers away.
Since Iranian drones were spotted in the area, it is safe to assume that they were sitting back and taking notes in this brief proxy war on their behalf. So, let’s take a look at some of the other ‘available information’ that was literally “ripe for the picking” by any observer on the sideline.
In the process of responding to the barrage of missiles launched from Gaza, Israel was forced into utilizing their new, state of the art “Iron Dome Missile Defense System.” In doing so, Israel essentially relinquished the locations of their interceptors. This system operates on a series of digital signatures and transmissions between detectors/receivers and interceptors. These digital transmissions (ie.) signals are sent out through the air and can easily be received by anyone with a digital receiver. Such as, a drone flying just out of sight. Embedded in these digital signatures would have been a host of valuable information to any enemy.
Hamas and anyone else paying attention were also able to discern one of the limitations of the Iron Dome Missile Defense System. When Hamas launched their missiles at a slower, more normal pace, the accuracy of Israeli interception was quite high. Although, as Hamas increased their launch frequency to a more rapid, simultaneous barrage, the Iron Dome System, while successfully intercepting one incoming missile would allow two or three to go by. Rest assured, this fact did not go unnoticed.
With the current instability of the middle east, Israel’s enemies at every border and Iran’s self-admitted plan to ‘annihilate Israel off of the map’, It is not hard to believe or envision a scenario in which Hamas was simply acting on the request or orders of a higher entity. When month after month of failed negotiations usually result in a continued, never-ending attack on Israel, this time was not the case. Perhaps the data collection mission was achieved.
Please Pray for Israel ! | <urn:uuid:5668d5ef-8fb9-474e-b8cf-1aef0eeecbf7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://shariaunveiled.wordpress.com/tag/operation-pillar-of-defense/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00168-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97414 | 604 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Did you know that The Marvelettes were the first Motown artists to score a #1 hit on the Billboard Hot 100?
Released as The Marvelettes’ debut single in August 1961, “Please Mr. Postman” gradually climbed to the top of the Hot 100 in December of that year and became the first #1 song on the chart by any Motown act. The song was such a big hit that many other artists of the era, such as The Beatles, were eager to perform their own versions. In fact, The Carpenters took the song back to the summit of the ranking with their own version in January of 1975.
Unfortunately, The Marvelettes were never able to match their early success and were eventually eclipsed by other Motown acts, including The Supremes, The Jackson 5 and The Temptations. Watch the talented ladies perform the song below: | <urn:uuid:83fb13dc-a33b-4e13-b514-5d4a71fa3696> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://trinitrent.com/2013/02/music-minute-521/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00200-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.990029 | 187 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Wednesday, February 9th marked the one-year anniversary of Michelle Obama’s Let’s Move! campaign, a movement to combat childhood obesity through exercise and better diet within schools and homes. In the last three decades, childhood obesity rates have tripled and the results have had an alarming effect on the health of America’s youth.
Michelle Obama has been making headlines after her recent partnership with commercial super store Walmart in an effort to make sure the company is providing a larger selection of affordable produce and healthy choices for their customers. While some may dispute the effectiveness of this strategy, there is no doubt that Michelle Obama is committed to the cause and helping to implement big changes in an effort to ensure a healthier America.
Now that a year has gone by under the Let’s Move! campaign, we can a look back and reflect on some of the progress that's been made with the help of our First Lady. Here is a list of five noteworthy Let's Move! changes made in the last year:
1. The Fruit and Vegetable Alliance, the Food, Family and Farming Foundation and the United Fresh Produce Association have committed over the next three years to put 6,000 salad bars in schools across the country
2. Nearly 2,000 chefs have volunteered to help schools in their community become healthier through the Chefs Move to Schools program
4. Let’s Move! is working to build or adopt playgrounds so kids have safe places to play and be active. Communities are also being encouraged to join Safe Routes to School so more kids can bike and walk to school.
5. Nearly 500 communities across America have signed up for Let’s Move Cities and Towns. Through this program, local leaders are committed to bringing Let’s Move! to their community.
(Click here for official press release)
Yee-haw! It's good to see some positive change. When we see action happening in our local community, it motivates us to go out and be part of something great. Addressing the problem of youth obesity in this country is not just something we should do, it's something we must do if we want our children to live long, productive lives. Inspired by all this progress with our nation's eating habits, especially in schools and local communities, here's a quick and easy salad recipe to make healthy strides in your own home!
Want more from Foodista? Sign up below! | <urn:uuid:13ebce84-270b-4b16-8680-91bcf7bfcbfb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.foodista.com/comment/3026 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00226-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95507 | 497 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Any time I've asked me if baby is gonna be big oh n I were both big babies n they run on both sides of the families I get told that he's a "average sized baby" my question Is what does the "average"baby weigh?is it anywhere from 6-7.5 pounds r more?just wondering really!
Just like adults, babies come in all shapes and sizes! The average British birth weight is 3.3kg (7lb 5oz), and most newborns weigh between 2.5kg (5lb 8oz) and 4.5kg (9lb 14oz).
How much your baby weighs is determined by genetics and your health and nutrition through pregnancy. But it’s not how much your baby weighs at birth that’s most important – it’s the rate at which they gain weight afterwards.
this is a very interesting documentary about the weight of ur baby and how a higher birth weight is linked to health and a lower birth weight is linked to future problems like diabetes and heart disease. they argue that its not what we do in our life that causes these problems but how we are grown in the womb and what nutrients mum eats and what weight we are born at. very interesting!
Thanks ladies must watch that doc later on iPod now lol I'd say around 7.5 too maybe I was 8pds10oz so I was a chubby baby oh was around d same lol! Had a scan test n got a glimpse of our baby's chubby lol cheeks
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The thesis of a personal essay
Even if your assignment doesn’t ask a specific question, your thesis statement still needs to answer a question about the issue you’d like to explore A personal essay, also called a narrative essay or reflective essay, tells a story.Yes, all our clients are provided with free revisions after Past Personal Essays That Worked receiving their orders.Personal Essays The purpose of the essays is to assess your writing ability and, more importantly, to learn more about you as an individual.These essays were mostly written by women.In that cave, human knowledge grows upon getting closer to reality aided by light from the fire and the sun.We will write a custom Essay on Plato’s “The Allegory of the Cave”: Personal Review.The niche experiences stable growth.A personal essay is a short work of autobiographical nonfiction characterized by a sense of intimacy and a conversational manner.Many players want to join this game..Focusing the readers’ attention on significant, detailed scenes, we develop our argument persuasively through effective storytelling.Feel free to customize them for use in your own argumentative essay.Perhaps, the reason is that students, who are a huge category of motivated customers, use essay writing services on a regular basis.Our work Public Domain Personal Essays experience allows us to offer course papers, diplomas and other Public Domain Personal Essays works on any economic, legal, humanitarian and many technical subjects.This idea is what the essay is about, and if your conclusion is good it will be.Outstanding writing, straight from the heart.In academia, a personal essay is known as a “college essay” or a “college admission essay.As you read the the thesis of a personal essay
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We support the use of @RecipientList on a bean method to easily create a dynamic Recipient List using a Java method.
Simple Example using @Consume and @RecipientList
For example if the above bean is configured in Spring when using a <camelContext> element as follows
then a route will be created consuming from the foo queue on the ActiveMQ component which when a message is received the message will be forwarded to the endpoints defined by the result of this method call - namely the bar and whatnot queues.
How it works
The return value of the @RecipientList method is converted to either a java.util.Collection / java.util.Iterator or array of objects where each element is converted to an Endpoint or a String, or if you are only going to route to a single endpoint then just return either an Endpoint object or an object that can be converted to a String. So the following methods are all valid
Then for each endpoint or URI the message is forwarded a separate copy to that endpoint.
You can then use whatever Java code you wish to figure out what endpoints to route to; for example you can use the Bean Binding annotations to inject parts of the message body or headers or use Expression values on the message. | <urn:uuid:d7a91971-dabc-4ab0-9a65-fe15521d60dc> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://cwiki.apache.org/confluence/pages/viewpage.action?pageId=98495&showComments=true&showCommentArea=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00188-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.822532 | 259 | 1.90625 | 2 |
|Language best suited for writing compilers email@example.com (2002-01-03)|
|Re: Language best suited for writing compilers firstname.lastname@example.org (Peter H. Froehlich) (2002-01-04)|
|Re: Language best suited for writing compilers email@example.com (Daniel C. Wang) (2002-01-04)|
|Re: Language best suited for writing compilers firstname.lastname@example.org (Vladimir Makarov) (2002-01-13)|
|From:||Vladimir Makarov <email@example.com>|
|Date:||13 Jan 2002 22:53:29 -0500|
|Organization:||Red Hat (Toronto)|
|Posted-Date:||13 Jan 2002 22:53:29 EST|
"Peter H. Froehlich" wrote:
> For quickly hacking up a compiler I had a quite nice experience
> with Python. There are also tools, e.g. SPARK, that help you with
> parsing and lots of other tasks. However, if you need speed, Python
> might not be a good idea. One of the drawbacks is that Python is
> dynamically typed, so you can not express as many constraints as
> you would often like, e.g. for the AST.
That was exactly the design goal of language Dino
To make compiler prototype development easier, it has
o regular expressions matching for implementing scanners.
o very fast Earley's parser with abstract trees generation and minimal
cost error recovery.
o Powerful data structures like extensible objects, arrays and hash
tables to implement IR and optimization algorithms.
o modules implementing multiple precision arithmetic and 4, 8, 16 bytes
IEEE floating point number arithmetic.
o many other features to support development of language processors.
The next release will contain also minimal cost parsing to implement
Although this language has still experimental status, it can be already
used for writing compilers and language processors.
Return to the
Search the comp.compilers archives again. | <urn:uuid:c2746f7f-be96-4195-83ec-333c7c4fefe2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://compilers.iecc.com/comparch/article/02-01-044 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00313-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.787017 | 455 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Concise Encyclopedia of Tufts History
Crane Theological School, 1869-1968
The Tufts College Divinity School was established in 1869, and in 1906 changed its name to the Crane Theological School. The school was closed in 1968, one year before its centennial. For most of its existence, the school was dogged by problems of inadequate endowment and low enrollment.
The divinity school opened in 1869 with four students and two teachers. While the founders of Tufts College were thoroughly grounded in the Universalist faith, they had, in the interests of avoiding sectarianism in the college, resisted establishing a divinity school. The death of Sylvanus Packard, a trustee of the college, indirectly brought about the founding of the school. In his will Packard left approximately $300,000 to Tufts, of which a portion was to be used to establish a professorship of Christian theology. The trustees decided, in order to keep religious sectarianism out of the college, to establish a quasi-independent school of divinity associated with the college.
The course of study offered by the divinity school was initially a three year course of study leading to a bachelor of divinity degree. Students were encouraged to have completed the full course of study toward a B.A. prior to entering the school. Such preparation was not required, however, and the poor performance of some students both before and after graduation dogged the school's reputation for many years.
T.J. Sawyer was appointed the first Packard Professor in 1869.The Reverend Charles H. Leonard of Chelsea, grandfather of Leonard Carmichael, future president of Tufts, was the second faculty member, and succeeded Sawyer as dean in 1892.
The divinity school was initially housed in Ballou Hall, in a room on the second floor. With the construction of in 1872, divinity students were offered accommodation there.1891 saw the building of separate quarters for the school with the construction of Miner and Paige halls. Miner Hall was built to provide classroom and office space for the school while Paige Hall served as a dormitory and chapel. The divinity school at this time reached one of its peaks with forty-four students enrolled for the 1892-93 academic year.
The spacious new facilities added to the school were not long utilized to their full capacity, however, as enrollments showed a steady decline over subsequent years. After holding steady at approximately twenty students per year, enrollment dropped to a low of only nine students in 1906 with only one new student entering that year. Explanations for the lack of interest were sought and laid on the increasing secularization of American society, the waning of organized religion, and the call of other related vocations such as teaching and social work. Ongoing attempts to spur interest in the program by offering innovative courses in wide-ranging topics including psychology in ministry and molecular physics.
In 1906 the school received a much-needed gift of $100,000 from Albert Crane, A1863, in memory of his father, Thomas Crane, a trustee from 1852 until his death in 1875.The school was subsequently renamed the Crane Theological School.
Lee Sullivan McCollester became dean of the school in 1912 and brought the school through some of its leanest years, before retiring in 1932.During World War I, the school's buildings were taken for use as barracks and training facilities and Dean McCollester held classes for the handful of students enrolled in his living room for the duration of hostilities. By the mid 1920s enrollments were rising again, and in 1925 the school's name was officially changed to Tufts School of Religion - Crane Theological School. This name continued to be used until the 1960s when it was once again known simply as the Crane Theological School.
There was ongoing debate about whether or not the school should be graduate level only or accept students straight out of secondary school to study for the ministry. For most of its existence the school was an undergraduate professional school, though in later years it succeeded in attracting a growing proportion of students at the graduate level. The school's leadership was concerned that requiring a B.A. for admission would deter worthy candidates from entering the school, while others at the university felt that adequate preparation for a ministerial career required the breadth of a B.A. as well as the specialized training of the B.D.For many years the school offered a combined B.A./S.T.B. (Bachelor of Sacred Theology) degree which was in effect a combined undergraduate and graduate degree. In 1954 the school became strictly a graduate school.
Enrollment at the school reached an all-time high in 1937-38 with sixty students, and in 1941 the school hosted the annual Universalist Convention. Denominational representation in the student body had grown to encompass seven different faiths other than Universalism. While enrollment remained strong in the ensuing years, at roughly forty students, the school struggled to retain full-time faculty, with the majority of positions being filled by part-time faculty shared with the Faculty of Liberal Arts.
In the 1950s and 1960s, discussions were ongoing within the denomination to merge the Crane School with the divinity school at St. Lawrence University, another Universalist school. Tufts was skeptical of the proposal because of the increased role that the denomination would play in the merged institution. An agreement could not be reached, however, and the plan was abandoned.
The decision to close the school was reached by the trustees in June of 1967, to take place the following year. A number of factors contributed to the decision, though the trustees cited the school's failure to maintain its status in religious education. The continual deficit operations of the school undoubtedly also played a part at a time when the university as a whole was facing financial difficulties and the need for retrenchment. The closing of the school represented the growing distance of Tufts from its roots in the Universalist religion.
Over the course of its ninety-nine year history, the Crane Theological School granted a total of 485 degrees.
Source: LOH1; LOH2 | <urn:uuid:02e5680b-29a4-44ef-ac11-15f685f98559> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dl.tufts.edu/teiviewer/parent/f1881x54h/chapter/C00042 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.982099 | 1,273 | 2.515625 | 3 |
In 1974, Stephen Hawking proved that black holes were not black. Rather, quantum mechanics required that black holes would slowly lose their mass via a really neat mechanism: the gravity of a black hole would create a pair of particles outside the black hole, one particle with negative mass and the other with positive mass, and the former would fall inside the black hole, and the latter would move away from the black hole. The net effect was to decrease the mass of the black hole, and its mass would go to zero eventually.
Hawking realized that a zero-mass black hole was a big no-no, because such an entity could only be a naked singularity that completely destroyed the information inside the black hole. One of the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics—the same theory that tells us black holes evaporate—is “unitarity”, which means that information is conserved. But if a black hole destroys information in the final stages of its evaporation, then information cannot be conserved. Unitarity would be violated if a black hole were to evaporate completely.
Hawking then made a mistake: he argued that we have to accept a violation of unitarity in black hole evaporation. But unitarity is a really fundamental principle of quantum physics. Unitarity has many implications, one of which is that if unitarity is violated, so is the conservation of energy. And a little violation of unitarity is like being “just a little pregnant;” it has a tendency to get larger, very much larger. Leonard Susskind of Stanford University pointed out that a tiny violation of unitarity would give rise to a disastrous positive feedback of violation of energy: if one were to turn on a microwave oven, so much energy would be created out of nothing—conservation of energy does not hold, remember—that the Earth would be blown apart!
Obviously, this cannot happen. Information and hence energy must be conserved. But many black holes have been detected, so they must evaporate. How is this dilemma to be resolved?
There is an obvious resolution, namely that all observed black holes are the mass of the Sun or larger, and such black holes will last billions of trillions of years before they approach a naked singularity. What if the universe came to an end in a Big Crunch singularity before any black holes had time to evaporate completely?
This resolution of the black hole evaporation dilemma has a host of fascinating implications. First, it means that the Dark Energy, whatever it is, will eventually turn off. In an ever-accelerating universe, there will be no Big Crunch singularity, and all black holes will eventually evaporate.
Second, the great Israeli physicist Jacob Bekenstein—the man whose work suggested to Hawking that he should investigate the possibility of black hole evaporation—has proved mathematically that if event horizons exist, then the entropy of the universe must approach zero as a Big Crunch singularity is approached. But the Second Law of Thermodynamics says that entropy can never decrease, much less approach zero at the end of time. Thus, if the Second Law holds forever—which it does—then event horizons cannot exist. The absence of event horizons can be shown mathematically to imply that the universe must be spatially finite.
The absence of event horizons also incidentally, almost in passing, resolves the problem of how the information inside a black hole gets out: if there are no event horizons, there is literally no barrier to getting out. We should keep in mind that the assumption that a black hole is bounded by an event horizon is just that: an assumption, not an observed fact. If the universe ends in a Big Crunch, the information inside a black hole just would not get out until near the Big Crunch. No observation today can show that the information is forever bound to being inside the black hole. A claim that event horizons exist is like a guy’s claim that he is immortal: one would have to wait until the end of time to confirm the claim.
So by merely accepting the obvious resolution of Hawking’s Dilemma, and applying the standard laws of physics, we infer that the universe is spatially finite, that the Dark Energy will eventually turn off, that the universe will end in a Big Crunch, and that event horizons do not exist. Various physicists have pointed each of these facts over the past decade, but these implications seem to have escaped the science journalists. Eventually, the information will leak out. Hopefully before the end of time. | <urn:uuid:8aba0e4e-39c2-477b-b7de-b7c7bf451138> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.edge.org/response-detail/26690 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00280-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956922 | 930 | 3.453125 | 3 |
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The Power of Now
Thursday, September 12, 2013
By:E. Tammy Kim
Black workers embody the new low-wage economy
"The reticence [to discuss race in the recent low-wage labor strikes] could be strategic, avoiding black identity politics in order to maintain a class-based approach and woo a broader public. 'People find [race] complicating as opposed to explanatory,' said ReNika Moore, director of the economic justice group at the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. 'From the media standpoint, there’s a weariness to talking about the struggles of African-Americans in particular.'"
Click here to read the whole article. | <urn:uuid:27ad11b3-51dd-4da9-93ea-7ac4b77a2469> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.naacpldf.org/news/ldfs-renika-moore-discusses-silence-role-race-recent-low-wage-worker-movements | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00115-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.890937 | 166 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Leadership Training Tips to Leverage the 5 Stages of Team Development
Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing (and Adjourning)
Leadership training is crucial for every business and every leader. A strong foundation of which will drive your team to success. Leadership training basics focus around establishing your purpose as a leader. In order to reach your goals effectively, you must first understand the 5 stages every team will go.
The 5 Stages of Team Development outlines a process every team goes through during a project from start to finish. You can’t just turn-on teamwork – it takes time for a group of people to get to know each other and begin working to their potential.
This team development model, including the first four stages of group formation, was developed and published by Dr. Bruce Wayne Tuckman, an educational psychologist, in 1965. His theory, called “Tuckman’s Stages,” was based on the research of group dynamics and published in the Psychological Bulletin in 1965 as “Development Sequence in Small Groups.”1
Tuckman later conducted additional research jointly with Mary Ann Jensen and added a fifth stage in 1977. This was published as “Stages of small group development revisited.”2 This fifth stage was called adjourning or transforming and was considered a supplementary stage, not an essential one.
How does this Insight help Leaders?
Tuckman determined, in order for a team to work together effectively and deliver superior quality results, these stages of growth were always not only necessary but inevitable.
An understanding of this model helps leaders build more effective teams, quickly. The more you understand what stage your team is currently in, the better equipped you are to successfully support their development, and performance.
Read on for leadership training tips on how to move your team through the 5 Stages of Team Development.
What are the 5 Stages of Team Development?
The development of Tuckman’s team development theories has paved the way for other viewpoints around team development over the last 60 years. Project teams encounter all stages of this group formation theory, frequently referred to as Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing, and Adjourning/Transforming. All teams will move through these stages, from start to finish of any task.
Tuckman’s initial four stages focus on the way a team approaches a task from the initial creation of the team through the completion of the project. The fifth phase was added to cover the completion of the project.
1 Psychological Bulletin 1965, Vol. 63, No. 6, p384-399
2 Group and Organizational Studies, Number 2, p419-427
What Did Tuckman Mean by Forming?
This first stage, as the beginning or ice-breaking stage, includes team member introductions. They get to know each other and share information. It is often a polite interaction where most are excited about the new venture and getting to know their team members. They learn about the project, goals, and begin to identify where each individual fits into the plan. This stage usually takes time, as people get to know each other’s personalities and working styles.
Leadership Tips during the Forming Stage
- Provide guidance and direction to help team members in getting to know each other; virtual on-boarding and connection opportunities will be helpful.
- Be clear about the project goals and help team members set personal goals so they understand how they can support the bigger picture objectives.
- Team norms are critical; outline behavioral expectations and ensure everyone is clear on their roles & responsibilities.
This is not a productive stage as the focus is more on the people rather than the work.
What Happens at the Storming Stage?
This unavoidable, and sometimes uncomfortable stage, begins as the team starts to work together and challenges established boundaries. What initially seemed a safe and pleasant work environment, now involves friction and competition as everyone’s true characters and working styles surface, and potentially clash, with others.
Individuals may begin to challenge authority, management styles, or even the team’s mission. Unproductive conflict or confrontations may emerge. Participants may feel overwhelmed by their workload or even frustrated with the lack of progress.
Some teams, especially those who want to avoid conflict, will try to skip the storming stage. However, this stage is an important part of the process and must be moved through. Trying to avoid the discomfort will make it more difficult to achieve optimal team performance in the long run.
Not all teams move beyond this stage, as some get stuck in cycles of unproductive conflict and low morale. This makes it difficult to ever complete the project the team was brought together for.
Leadership Tips during the Storming Stage
- Encourage team members to solve problems together through effective communication and constructive feedback.
- Empower team members to be accountable in managing their own roles and responsibilities.
- Support team members in understanding their strengths and appreciating their differences. Encourage them to leverage their diverse personalities, rather than working against each other.
The storming stage is complete when teams learn how to come together in support of one common goal. Team members accept others and appreciate their differences. The team leader will start transitioning decision making to the team, allowing them more independence. The leader encourages open and honest conversation, in order to build strong & trusting relationships, as conflicts arise.
What Does Norming Look Like?
Moving through Storming and graduating into Norming can feel like a refreshing change, something like a breath of fresh air.
As the team moves into this stage, positive things begin to happen. The team begins to work more effectively; focused on developing processes as a team, rather than being focused on their personal agendas. The group will respect each other and appreciate their differences in opinion and perspective. They will value each other’s contributions and strengths. Rules for working together have been created and conflict is used productively, in the interest of getting the job done.
Trust is evident as everyone shares and actively seeks out assistance and input from their teammates. Competition has been eliminated as working toward a common goal is now the focus and significant progress on the project is experienced.
Leadership Tips during the Norming Stage
- At this point, leaders will not be as involved in decision making and problem-solving as team members are taking more responsibility. Focus on filling a coaching role; encouraging & supporting team members to set goals, lean into their strengths, and stay focused on the team objectives.
- Team members will be more comfortable asking for help and looking for constructive feedback – be available to them!
- Get your team to bond through face-to-face or virtual team-building exercises. Social connections are especially important right now, with so many working from home. This is always an important leadership role to keep in mind.
How Will I Recognize Performing?
In the fourth stage, Performing, teams are functioning at an elevated level. The focus is on reaching the goal, as a team. Team members have learned to trust and respect each other and tap into their individual strengths. They are confident and motivated, working together towards a common goal.
Sadly, not every team makes it to this final phase of team growth. It takes commitment, persistence, and strong leadership to successfully move teams through Storming & Norming.
The result is worth it – high performing teams who function brilliantly with interdependent members. These are teams that make decisions quickly and effectively and are highly motivated to get things done. Disagreements are encouraged yet managed with trust and respect. This ensures they are holding each other, and the team as a whole, to the highest possible standard.
Leadership Training Tips during the Performing Stage
- Continue to monitor the team’s progress and play a key role in rewarding milestone achievements. Be your team’s biggest cheerleader; building confidence, morale, and camaraderie.
- Delegate effectively; your team has the resources, talent, and skills to complete tasks and achieve milestones.
- Regularly connect with team members; encourage them to review their goals, take responsibility for their performance, and set new personal objectives.
Can Teams Move Backwards?
There is a possibility that teams may revert to a previous stage. The stages of team development continue to change as new factors are introduced.
Listed are a few examples:
- If a team member starts working independently, it is possible for the team to revert back to the “storming” stage.
- A team could revert back to the “forming” stage when a new member joins the team.
- A significant change of any kind within, or external to, an organization will also impact a team’s stage of development.
There is no guarantee that a team who once was at the Performing Stage will return after moving back into a prior stage. As a leader, you need to consistently be aware of what stage your team is at and how you can adapt your behaviors to support their current reality.
What about the Adjourning Stage?
The project has come to an end; team members are moving on and the adjourning state has begun. This stage now looks at the well-being of the team rather than managing the team.
Most groups that succeed in reaching the Performing Stage, will likely keep in touch. They have become a team that appreciates the strengths they each brought to the project, their successes, and their challenges.
Team members who thrive on routine may experience difficulty with this stage. It is also a challenging time for those who have developed strong working relationships with respected colleagues.
Leadership Training Tips during the Adjourning Stage
- Ensure you make time for celebration. Recognizing the success of the project is an important final step; a time to reflect on best practices and lessons learned.
Research proves that every team will advance through these five stages of team development. As a leader, your goal is to move your team through each stage as effectively and productively as possible.
One important point to remember – having a group of brilliant and talented people is not enough to ensure a winning team.
As a leader, a thorough understanding of Tuckman’s Model of Team Development will help guide your leadership behaviors’. Different stages require different leadership styles. Recognizing where your team is, and specifically, what they need from you in that stage, will go a long way in ensuring your team is doing their best work.
NexLevel; team strategists who partner with great leaders to build high performance teams. They use the Five Stages of Team Development as a foundation for their programs. Contact them today and take your team to the NexLevel. | <urn:uuid:da947faf-06c3-49c8-bff1-e6c0d7610f94> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nexlevelteams.com/2021/02/03/leadership-training-the-5-stages-of-a-team/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.962825 | 2,219 | 2.140625 | 2 |
By Bob Whitmore
You may not spend a lot of time thinking about the Eastern Hellbender Salamander, but Greg Lipps sure does. Lipps, an independent consultant to the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, has spent years studying this completely aquatic salamander – an amphibian that has been categorized as an endangered species by the Ohio Division of Wildlife. The Eastern Hellbender is found in swift-flowing rivers and streams in the eastern United States. In Ohio and Missouri, where most of the research has been done, the population has declined 82% since the 1980s, Lipps said.
Lipps is one of a small cadre of biologists who have been working to find ways to rebuild the Eastern Hellbender population, and he may have found an answer – in a custom-designed, precast concrete habitat. The solution resulted from collaboration among Lipps, Bluffton Precast Concrete Co. and Norwalk Precast Molds Inc., both of Ohio.
The natural habitat for an Eastern Hellbender is a large rock embedded into the substrate of a river that has a small opening where the salamander can weave its way into a cavity and lay eggs. The small opening allows the male salamander to defend its nest from predators such as fish. As residential and commercial development occurs near the water, those large rocks are often silted over, destroying the habitat. Lipps said there is no research to provide a direct link between the availability of the boulders and the decline of the Hellbender, but he would like to find out.
One way to test the theory would be to supplement the habitat, and that’s where the precast concrete solution comes in. A colleague of Lipps’ at the Missouri Department of Conservation, Jeff Briggler, began creating his own artificial Hellbender habitat using chicken wire and concrete. “Jeff built some of them and gave them to the St. Louis Zoo,” Lipps said. Briggler’s artificial habitat soon harbored some happy Hellbenders. “Once you give them the right conditions, they start breeding in captivity, and now they’ve been breeding for two years in a row,” Lipps said. Briggler has also documented their use of artificial habitat in the wild.
Lipps wanted to build on Briggler’s work by formalizing the design and creating an artificial habitat that could be placed directly into the river or stream. He searched precast.org for a precast concrete manufacturer located nearby and landed on Bluffton Precast, an NPCA-certified plant.
An odd request: “Are you serious?”
Lipps started working with David Akin, president of Bluffton Precast, showing him pictures of the chicken wire structure and adding his own specifications to the structure. Akin then contacted Eric Hudberg, vice president at Norwalk Precast Molds, to add Norwalk’s expertise to the team.
“We were not sure if they were serious or not,” said Eric Hudberg, Norwalk Precast Molds vice president. “Dave was asking, ‘Hey, do you think we can build this thing?’ We looked at it and figured, well, why not?
“I talked with some of our engineers here,” Hudberg continued. They looked at the photos of Briggler’s homemade hut along with the additional specs that Lipps wanted, like a removable lid, no light leaks, and a knockout in the base where the river bottom would be exposed. An additional modification was a port for the insertion of a water quality monitoring device and a small camera.
“After we got into it, it wasn’t terribly challenging once we broke it down and got into the components,” Hudberg said. “We ended up with a three-piece mold set.”
Lipps worked with his new collaborators at Bluffton and Norwalk and made several modifications to the design. The entry is a tapered tunnel about 20 in. long that leads to a cavity where the eggs can be laid. The hut weighs about 150 lbs and should sit down firmly into the substrate of a river or stream.
“It needs to be big,” Lipps said. “If you think about what a stream potentially goes through every year with ice sheets and floods, it can’t be something that will be pushed around. It needs to be able to stay in place.”
What seems big to a biologist may look tiny to a precaster. Casting of the first salamander hut wasn’t technically difficult, said Akin. One of the challenges was actually its small size. “When you’re used to making things that are up to 20 tons apiece, this is a little different,” he said. “We used our burial-vault wire and hand-formed a cage for the top section and another for the base piece. We used our 5,000-psi burial-vault mud with fiber, and then actually poured both pieces on top of a panel form.”
The first finished Hellbender Salamander habitat hut rolled out of Bluffton in late January, and Lipps took it to a meeting at the Toledo Zoo the next day. The group made a few modifications that Norwalk and Bluffton incorporated into the next version of the new product.
Word of the precast salamander hut has circulated in the salamander community, and Lipps is looking forward to taking one of the huts to a conference in Chattanooga, Tenn., later this year. Financial support for the development and production of the Hellbender huts came from the Ohio Division of Wildlife, the Columbus Zoo and the Toledo Zoo.
Endangered salamander needs pristine streams
If the Hellbender hut is successful, it could be used for research, for rebuilding of the population where it has become endangered across the country, and also for mitigation projects. When a stream is disturbed, the developer is often required to mitigate the damage by restoring the stream as closely as possible to its natural state. The hut could prove to be a sensible, less costly way to provide the needed mitigation, Lipps thinks.
Why is it important to save a species? The Hellbender salamander grows up to 2 ft long and can weigh in at more than 2.5 lbs. They survive up to 50 years in the wild and are among the most ancient amphibians on earth, according to Lipps. Like the canary in a coal mine, they provide biologists with an indicator of the health of a stream. Where they are present, the stream is likely to be fairly clean and well-oxygenated. And that’s good news for smallmouth bass fishing enthusiasts, for example, because the bass requires a similar habitat.
“If you have healthy streams for Hellbenders, you’ll have good smallmouth bass fishing,” Lipps said. The Hellbender is different from a mayfly, he added. If a stream is degraded, the mayfly population may disappear for awhile, but the mayfly will always come back. “With the Hellbender, once they’re gone … they’re gone.”
In Japan, precast concrete has been used for years to provide habitat for a larger salamander species known as Hanzaki, Lipps said. “They have Hanzaki blocks placed onto retaining walls in Japan to help them bolster their Hanzaki population,” he said. The Hanzaki blocks may have formed the genesis of Lipps’ idea to contact a precaster to provide him with a suitable salamander structure. He wasn’t sure if he would find anybody to take on his unusual customized request. But he didn’t know about the can-do culture of precasters. “I thought I’d be calling precasters for weeks, so I feel pretty lucky that Bluffton was willing to take on the project,” Lipps said.
The Hellbender salamander hut project has provided a little variety for Bluffton’s production team, Akin said. “It’s been a blast! We’ve been back and forth with different drawings. I’ve gone from never having heard of the darn thing to being pretty intimate with it.”
The folks at Norwalk concur. “It’s nice to be involved in something unique that could potentially have some impact,” said Hudberg. “It’s something different from the usual septic tank or burial vault type of project. We did a lot of custom jobs in 2012, so this was a perfect way to end the year.” In the process, the Norwalk team has become fans of the salamander, Hudberg added. “I think we’re going to have to get some Hellbender salamander T-shirts made.” | <urn:uuid:bd2ec9e3-27fd-479b-b23e-61021e737374> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://precast.org/2013/07/saving-the-eastern-hellbender-salamander-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.963006 | 1,898 | 2.90625 | 3 |
You'll lose weight only one way: expend more energy than you take in. Two basic ways: 1) more activity (expend energy), such as walking, aerobics, rowing, jogging; and 2) eat less fat and oil. If you stick with lean meat (chicken, some beef, turkey, fish), vegetables (especially green and orange), fruits, low-fat grains (like pasta without butter), and low-fat or skim dairy products, you'll have a better time of it than starving. Your height and weight have very little to do with your caloric intake. A moderately-active person can take in 1500 calories and still lose weight. We burn about 1200 calories a day just being alive! Remember, carbs get burned first, then protein, then fat, so read the ingredients and check for fat and oil content. In our society, 0g of fat is impossible. Just try to keep it minimal. Water weight is not a problem unless you take in too much salt. Follow these simple guidelines (if you will) and you'll be losing weight in no time. And remember: Do Not Obess Over Losing Weight.
1500 calories a day in order to lose weight by Jan.2010
Look up calories counters.www.caloriecount.about.comlook under tools
800-1000 calories a day
Burn more calories than you eat. At least over 9,000
About 1,000 Calories/day
I would say stick with 2,000 calories a day. IT's a healthy number.
It depends on your height, and if you are trying to maintain, lose or gain weight.
it's based on a 2,000 calories diet. daily | <urn:uuid:9360c588-bacc-4f9b-9a1f-04254efc143a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://qa.answers.com/other-qa/If_you_are_5ft_3in_weigh_125_lbs_and_want_to_lose_10_lbs_how_many_calories_should_you_have_a_day | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.932069 | 359 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Laws Protecting Children From Digital Junk Meals Adverts Are 'Insufficient'
Many advertising and marketing teams do not recognize information or how to measure a campaign, so if you can master this, you will certainly appreciate much more attention on your group. Appear at the courses presented by Google Analytics and HubSpot as effectively as the many on the internet classes to understand how to lead a data-driven campaign.
Create a great form of contents and articles for your internet web site. You ought to see to it that your website consists of excellent contents and articles about your commercial enterprise. You in addition must make sure that each and every of the written contents includes applicable keywords with the intention to gather additional visitors as properly as capability customers. As a rely on truth, outstanding web web site articles can truly lead your internet page on the pinnacle of the main serps in those instances.
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Although social media is not but an Seo ranking issue, and it will possibly not be in the coming future, you can use social media to do Search engine optimisation. Use Twitter and Google Plus to outreach bloggers and develop a connection with them.
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A CEO weblog is just one element of social media distribution, an essential Search engine optimization technique according to Search engine optimization Seek advice from. You should be distributing hyperlinks to fresh content on your website across proper social networking platforms.
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The title (i.e., headline) of your weblog post will be a search engine's and reader's initial step in determining the relevancy of your content, so which includes a keyword here is essential. Google calls this the "title tag" in a search result. We spend for your stories! Do you have a story for The Sun On the web Money group? Email us at funds@ or call 0207 78 24516. Don't neglect to join the Sun Money's Facebook group for the newest bargains and money-saving guidance.
A web site that has information that unique and useful (informative, beneficial and intelligible) will acquire far more exposure in the SERPs. Search engines rank larger these web sites which try to make a difference (in a great way of course!) and give actual worth for folks.
This is much more or less explained by Google spokespeople like John Mueller. He is constantly on about ‘folding' thin pages with each other, these days (and I can say that surely has a constructive impact on numerous websites). If you local chamber of commerce has a web site that gives listings do not neglect to submit there. You could also want to consider submitting your enterprise to websites like your nearby Greater Enterprise Bureau. | <urn:uuid:36311ba0-411f-4c1e-8c55-edefe5ae2e0c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.liveinternet.ru/users/leonelkja1442/post437701717/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.926275 | 1,116 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Re-Lighting Richmond – How the City Got it Right
The City of Richmond owns nine garages and is the process of acquiring others. Though strategically located throughout the city, unfortunately, many of these facilities are aging, facing existing conditions that can be unappealing to parkers, whether from a dated original design or the benign neglect due to years of cost-based trade-offs causing maintenance or improvements to fall behind.
As Lynne Lancaster, Richmond’s interim Parking Administrator, in evaluating the parking situation, realized the tremendous value of the assets and how they could shape the future of Richmond’s downtown. More than just a cost-center, parking could really help the redevelopment efforts, by improving the experience of visitors coming downtown to eat, visit, and play. “Parking is key to bringing folks downtown and helping to revitalize the area,” according to Ms. Lancaster.
Working with the City’s operator, Johnnie Hogue of Standard Parking, Ms. Lancaster was able to identify the first garage where a relighting project would have the most positive impact. This would include increasing the usage of an under-utilized facility during non-work hours, adding economic value to the neighborhood by enticing new visitors, and the opportunity to significantly reduce operational costs from the use of energy-efficient lighting. Project payback, while important, is secondary to increased security and customer satisfaction.
The garage at 7th & Marshall Streets sits in the heart of downtown, just blocks away from the Virginia State Capital, the central business district, and around the corner from The National, one of the premier music clubs in Richmond. The garage is mostly full during the day, primarily with monthly parkers who vacate the downtown as soon as the workday ends.
To ensure that Richmond was getting the highest return on its investment, Ms. Lancaster and Mr. Hogue reached out to others who have been in similar situations. One of these was Pete Little, Executive Director for the Parking Authority of Baltimore City. Beginning in 2007, Baltimore had relighted their entire portfolio of 17 garages using Green Lighting Technologies’ (GLT) vapor-tight three-lamp fluorescent ParkLight™ fixture. The feedback from Mr. Little: “we tested what seemed like every light fixture out there over two winters - fluorescents, induction, LEDs. The GLT ParkLight™ came out as the clear winner for light output, quality of construction, and overall economic value. We did the project and now every garage looks great, even after four winters. The garages are brighter, safer, and the cost savings have been tremendous”.
Using this feedback, the city decided to do an evaluation of its own. Having identified 7th & Marshall as the initial location, some of the challenges of the project became apparent. While having 70-watt high pressure sodium fixtures in a three-across layout provided decent overall illumination in foot-candles, the orange-brown light was unappealing and gave the garage a foreboding feeling at night with numerous dark areas. But relocating new fixtures to a more typical two-across layout would have significantly increased installation costs. A 3-to-2 approach by simply removing one of the fixtures would create areas of darkness because of the distance between fixture locations in the existing conditions. The key was to find a low-wattage fixture that could provide a broad distribution of illumination, while still providing the electricity reductions necessary for a reasonable payback period.
The evaluation included a number of different fixture layouts, including both two and three-lamp configurations with multiple mirror designs in order to utilize the white-painted walls and ceiling for more uniform light distribution. Ultimately, what performed the best given the conditions and goals was GLT’s two-lamp vapor-tight fluorescent with a slotted uplight reflector at 61 watts.
This fixture represented a 40% reduction in electricity consumption from the existing conditions. Plus, the rated life of fluorescent lamps is nearly double that of high pressure sodium, while costing a tenth as much, dramatically lowering maintenance costs. When fully installed, the illumination doubled in most areas with dark areas eliminated.
Based on the success of the 7th & Marshall project, a new garage was selected a couple of blocks away. This was a different challenge in that the garage was already well-illuminated. But it used antiquated 8-foot T-12 fluorescent fixtures that were well past their expected life. With the government-mandated phase out of T-12’s, a relighting project was necessary. In evaluating the garage, it was recognized that the existing layout was a great candidate for a 2-to-1 retrofit using GLT’s three-lamp fixture with uplight reflector.
The results were tremendous. Despite going from four 8-foot T-12 lamps on each side of the drive aisle to three four-foot T-8 lamps, the illumination increased. The more than 60% in electricity savings created a payback period of just over 1.5 years. And the rated life of the lamps is nearly double for tremendous maintenance cost savings
For Richmond continuing these efforts across its current remaining garages has the potential to save more than a quarter million dollars per year in operational costs. The improved illumination makes the re-lighted garages more appealing to parkers. “Relighting the garages has had a tremendous impact on how drivers will perceive our garages,” says Ms. Lancaster. And that is called doing a relighting project right.
Peter Kelley is principal at Green Lighting Technologies. He can be reached at | <urn:uuid:610e5cd3-7360-47a3-98ca-79e054abdd1e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.parkingtoday.com/articledetails.php?id=1605 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00000-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959108 | 1,156 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Good book editing ensures a book is credible for its market and has the best chance of pleasing its readers. But the editor’s contribution goes well beyond grammar, spelling, and house style. Self-publishers have the opportunity to use an editor to bring out their true talents and aptitudes.
Dare to Be Different
When you self-publish, you get to choose a book editor who most closely suits your style and vision. At a traditional publisher, the editor has to serve the imprint’s agenda. As an indie publisher, your book editor works directly for you and can advise you on how to suit your market and also nurture you according to your individual strengths and interests. An indie editor will discuss what you want the book to be, which can sometimes open up new options you didn’t suspect you had.
A good book editor can spot when a writer has instincts that are untapped, or is working against their natural inclinations. And the editor can help them find a niche where they are more likely to publish successfully.
Second Novels . . . And Beyond
In traditional publishing, your first book sets your style and seals your fate. If you write a second that appeals to a different audience, a traditional publisher might try to make you stick to what you did originally, as traditional publishers are less inclined to take “risks”. With your earliest books, you may only just be discovering your potential. The self-publishing world is full of traditionally published novelists who went indie because they developed in a different direction after their first published works.
If you’re an indie author, your editor can help you embrace new directions. And if you move beyond the editor’s specialities—which sometimes happens—you can find another editor who more closely fits your developing talents.
In a nutshell, a good book editor is like a personalised creative writing course. They can help you become the writer you should be, which will be all the better for your self-publishing career and for your readers!
Different Types of Edits
Developmental Edit (also called a content edit)
This type of edit checks that the book is suitable for the market and polishes the content.
If the book is non-fiction, has it explored its subject completely enough? How does it compare to other books currently out? What else could be done to make it more appealing or competitive in the market?
If the book is fiction, the developmental edit checks that it hits the right notes to be satisfying for its readers—in plot, characters, and tone. That probably sounds cookie-cutterish, but actually it allows for huge individual variation. Each genre has defined characteristics. For instance, antagonists—the kind of antagonist who would be satisfying in a literary novel might bore or irritate readers of a romance. A plot in a work of historical fiction should be representative of the concerns and issues of their times. So a developmental editor has to be well-versed in your particular field.
This edit comes after the developmental edit and takes a closer look at the details. The copy edit picks up grammar, spelling, factual inaccuracies, and inconsistencies. It’s amazing what the copy edit finds! Characters suddenly disappear from the plot. The spellings of their names might change. They might change their names entirely. The copy editor also checks the book’s timeline—where a number of unseen problems might come to light. Can your characters get from London to Paris in the time allowed or should you track back through the manuscript and move some of the action to different days? A reader might notice—so the copy editor has just saved your bacon.
Proofreading is a final spruce to mop up any other issues. Copy edits inevitably find mistakes, and correcting them can cause other hiccups elsewhere in the book. A fresh pair of eyes is the best way to spot them—and that’s why you need this final check.
A Good Editor Helps You to Be Yourself
Successful publishing has two elements—commercial results and the deeper reward of satisfaction. This comes from two factors—good use of your writing craft and a thorough understanding of where you fit. If your heart truly beats for romance fiction, the devoted reader of that genre will sense it. They’ll also know if you’re painting by numbers. This is where a good editor can help you come into your own—to find your groove and be true to yourself.
Culled from Ingram Spark | <urn:uuid:d784e2c0-a1eb-4433-9434-4ffbbef8e6c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://soipublishing.com/book-editing-as-a-form-of-creative-discovery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.947347 | 935 | 1.820313 | 2 |
St. Lawrence County Historical Association
Canton, NY 13617
Founded in 1947, and permanently chartered in 1955, the St Lawrence County Historical Association continues to research, collect, preserve, and interpret the history of St Lawrence County. The SLCHA is a not-for-profit membership organization and museum which serves as an educational resource for the use and benefit of the citizens of St Lawrence County and others interested in the County's history and traditions. The Association collects and preserves archival material and artifacts pertinent to the County's history. In cooperation and collaboration with other local organizations, the Association promotes an understanding of and appreciation for the County's rich history through publications, exhibits, and programs. The SLCHA operates within museum standards established by the American Alliance of Museums.
St. Lawrence County Historical Association is a member of the Northern New York Library Network. | <urn:uuid:602ca0f9-78e7-4233-a9b4-136987e0cdc6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nyheritage.org/index.php/organizations/st-lawrence-county-historical-association | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.913792 | 185 | 1.960938 | 2 |
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I recently posted a blog on how to make a DIY chalkboard with frame, and several of you commented on how neat my handwriting was. I have a secret… I don’t have very nice handwriting! I certainly can’t write those fancy fonts freehand. I discovered a few tips and tricks to help with the chalkboard writing. I’m still experimenting but each time it gets easier and the results get better.
Remember, almost anything can become a chalkboard. I found this adorable wooden bookstand at Home Goods and decided to use it as a chalkboard in the kitchen. I really like that it’s able to stand on it’s own. Plus, there is a handy area to hold the chalk and eraser.
Here are my 10 chalkboard writing tips and tricks.
- Design your board on the computer. I designed my board on the computer first. I can visually see the layout and adjust the font sizes to fit the board. I prefer not to draw freehand because I don’t have the best handwriting and want to makes sure the writing is straight and the letters are evenly spaced. I design my boards using Microsoft Word.
- Use a variety of fonts. Have fun with a variety of fonts. Use thick, thin, script, serif, etc. fonts. Use different size fonts. There are so many fonts on the Internet that you can download for free.
- Embellish with clipart and ornament fonts. Again, use the Internet to find clipart that will add some flare to your board. Also, experiment with ornament fonts such as Nymphette and Swinging. Again, these fonts are FREE.
- No fancy chalk is needed. Use regular chalk that you can buy at the dollar store or craft store. I bought mine at Target. I know there are fancy chalk pens on the market these days. I personally have not experimented with them yet.
- Use colored chalk. Colored chalk adds some pizzazz to your board. Use it to accent certain words or use to draw images.
- Season new chalkboards. Season your chalkboard by rubbing a full piece of chalk all over the board then erase it. This prevents ghosting which is when you still see the writing on the board even after you erase it.
- Transfer layout onto the board. Here is the BIG secret. Print out your design onto printer paper and rub chalk on backside of paper then follow the step below.
- Trace the letters onto the board. Place the paper back on the board and use a dull pencil trace the outline of the letters and fill in the letters if they are wide letters. Also trace the clipart.
- Use sharp and wet chalk. Sharpen the chalk with a regular pencil sharpener and dip the tip of the chalk into water and trace over the letters again. Don’t use dry chalk. At first the chalk will appear dull but then it starts to brighten in time. Have paper towels handy to dab off the excess water from the chalk.
- Use Q-tips for cleanup. Clean up around the letters with a wet Q-tip.
Liked reading this? Here’s more: | <urn:uuid:535392d7-1fdf-44c9-9a0c-bc85337704f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thismakesthat.com/10-chalkboard-writing-tips-tricks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.925664 | 662 | 2.484375 | 2 |
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