text stringlengths 181 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 3 values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 50 138k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
June 6, 2021
New Research on the Great Hopewell Road
Between about AD 1 and 400 the Hopewell culture built a series of monumental earthen enclosures across southern Ohio. The largest concentration of these earthworks was along the Scioto River Valley and its tributaries near modern Chillicothe.
The vast Newark Earthworks is located 60 miles to the north from the Chillicothe Hopewell heartland. There is compelling evidence it was linked directly to that heart of the Hopewell world by a major transportation artery.
The Great Hopewell Road is a set of low, earthen walls framing a 200-foot-wide avenue that extended from the southernmost gateway of Newark’s Octagon earthwork an undetermined distance to the southwest. The road may have gone directly to Chillicothe, and research on that is ongoing.
If we eventually find that the Great Hopewell Road actually did go all the way to Chillicothe, it won’t be all that surprising. We’ve known for a long time that there was a special relationship between these special places.
Why would the Hopewell have needed an avenue, equivalent in size to a modern 16-lane freeway, connect them? (The busiest freeway in Los Angeles is only 14 lanes.) Why did it need to be so straight?
Archaeologist Brad Lepper thinks that the Great Hopewell Road was a sacred processional path used by pilgrims to travel to Newark’s gigantic earthen cathedral. The Maya civilization had similar long, straight roads which were pilgrimage routes to various sites
Pilgrims may have come to Newark bearing offerings of thanksgiving or supplication from their homelands. This may explain the artifacts found in Hopewell mounds made of copper from the Great Lakes, shells from the Gulf of Mexico and mica from the southern Appalachian Mountains. Archaeologists have found small blades made from our local Flint Ridge Flint at Hopewell-era sites across eastern North America.
Brad Lepper is a curator of archaeology for the Ohio History Connection. Lepper coined the term “Great Hopewell Road.” | <urn:uuid:d04b1462-7a75-4451-9c45-63b6de88bbbe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ruggeri.news/2021/06/10/june-6-2021-new-research-on-the-great-hopewell/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.947816 | 553 | 3.65625 | 4 |
Welcome to our website
Gender EYE (Gender Diversification of the Early Years Workforce: Recruiting and Supporting Male Practitioners) is a study by the University of Lancaster Department of Educational Research and the Fatherhood Institute, funded by the Economic and Social Research Council.
Latest figures suggest that only 3% of the early years workforce in England & Wales, and 4% in Scotland, are men. This proportion has remained virtually static for 20 years. Our research aims to identify the obstacles that stand in the way of greater gender diversity; to learn about possible solutions (including those developed overseas); and to use this knowledge to produce practical resources that can help the UK diversify this vital part of the education sector. | <urn:uuid:05375b68-a664-495f-bb6a-56ce66611298> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gendereye.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.928357 | 146 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Getting lost is probably not the best way to begin a 1,000-mile hike across North Carolina. Five minutes into a marathon trek from the mountains to the ocean, Chuck Millsaps (’83, P ’13, ’16) found himself lost atop Clingman’s Dome in the Great Smoky Mountains.
Had it not been 4:30 a.m., dark and foggy, the view would have been spectacular. But when you’re guiding elite long-distance runner Diane Van Deren in her attempt to hike North Carolina’s Mountains-to-Sea Trail in record time, there’s no time to enjoy the view – or get lost.
Millsaps soon found the way, and they were off again on a grueling expedition, the Mountains-to-Sea Trail Endurance Run, which had a decidedly Demon Deacon flavor. Millsaps and Van Deren conceived the run to raise funds and awareness for North Carolina’s official, although still unfinished, state trail, which snakes through 37 counties on its way from the Great Smoky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean.
“It was far more than we bargained for,” he admits. But in the next breath he adds, “It was apparent we were in for a treat.”
Millsaps, the expedition’s leader, was by Van Deren’s side for about a third of the nearly 1,000-mile trail from one end of the state to the other. He likened it to a horizontal Mount Everest expedition, without the dangers of falling off the side of a mountain or dying from lack of oxygen, to be sure, but an emotional and physical challenge and a test of endurance nonetheless: mile after mile, day after day, of hiking or speed-walking; climbing mountains; fording creeks (15 in one day); and fighting through a tropical storm to the finish line on the Outer Banks.
They spent 20 hours or more a day on the trail, averaging about 50 miles a day, before catching a couple of hours of sleep wherever they happened to stop. When he wasn’t on the trail, Millsaps fought “survivor’s guilt” as he followed along in a support truck, coordinating logistics and ferrying in supplies to Van Deren and her guides.
Just over three weeks after beginning the run on May 10, Van Deren climbed to the top of a sand dune at Jockey’s Ridge State Park on the Outer Banks on June 1 at 9:29 a.m., completing the trail in 22 days, five hours and three minutes, breaking the previous record by nearly two days.
To put her accomplishment in perspective, the Friends of the Mountains-to-Sea Trail (FMST) – a non-profit organization that promotes the trail – estimates that it takes two to three months to hike the entire trail; only 28 others have ever completed the entire trail.
It was not only an impressive physical feat, Millsaps says, but also the embodiment of Pro Humanitate. Van Deren, 52, lives in Colorado. She was diagnosed with epilepsy years ago and suffered seizures until undergoing brain surgery. Despite side effects from the brain surgery that would have sidelined most runners – she can’t read a map or navigate on her own, hence the need for Millsaps and other runners to guide her – she’s persevered.
“She does this out of a spirit of gratitude and out of service to others,” Millsaps says. “Her mission (now) is to serve others through her passion for running.”
Van Deren credits Millsaps and “Team Diane” for being with her every step of her journey across the state – some 2 million footsteps, give or take a few hundred. She said afterward that it was the most challenging run she’s ever undertaken, even more grueling than a winter race in Canada’s Yukon or a high-altitude endurance race in Colorado’s Rockies.
Millsaps, 51, was well suited to plan Van Deren’s record-breaking attempt and then keep things running as smoothly as could be expected on the trail. Besides being an avid runner and occasional marathoner, he had previously run several sections of the Mountains-to-Sea Trail in the mountains.
Millsaps has worked at the Great Outdoor Provision Co., an outdoor retailer based in Raleigh, N.C., since 1985. (He’s currently “Minister of Culture,” a creative title for his job ensuring that the company is meeting its commitment to its customers.) Great Outdoor Provision Co. and The North Face sponsored Van Deren’s run, which raised about $30,000 for improvements to the trail.
Only about half of the trail is finished; the rest of the route runs along roads. FMST, the state of North Carolina, local governments and volunteers continue to secure land and build new sections of the trail. Long-range plans call for an uninterrupted trail from the mountains to the coast.
Through forests and swamps, through little towns and across farms, through state and national parks, along mountain trails and country roads, Millsaps, Van Deren and their local guides kept pushing forward. As they approached New Bern, a state trooper – not the first to ask what they were doing – stopped them. “He just shook his head and told me that we should have better sense than this,” Millsaps recalled. “I agreed.” But they kept running,
Two of Millsaps’ three children joined him on the trail. John, a rising senior at Wake Forest, and Sarah, an incoming freshman – both ran cross country in high school – helped guide Van Deren. (Millsaps’ wife, Kim Fox Millsaps (’84, P ’13, ’16), an elementary-school teacher, held down the home front in Raleigh.)
Several others with Wake Forest connections joined in as well. Millsaps met Mark Rostan (’94) of Valdese, N.C., when he was recruiting guide runners for Van Deren. They were 15 miles into their hike through Linville Gorge and Wilson Creek Wilderness Area before they realized their common Wake Forest ties. Jill Miller, wife of Health and Exercise Science Associate Professor Gary Miller, also guided Van Deren along several segments.
As the runners neared the coast, Doug McMillian (’73), CEO of the Capital Area YMCA in Raleigh and a friend of Millsaps who have been following their journey, offered the Y’s Camp Seafare on Minnesott Beach for a quick rest stop.
As they begin their trek north up the Outer Banks to Nags Head, Tropical Storm Beryl lashed the coast. Fighting through howling wind and relentless rain, they still made 50 miles that day.
“Storms cells were hammering us relentlessly,” Millsaps wrote on the team’s blog. “The heavy winds (felt) like sandblasting.” As they crossed one bridge, Millsaps strapped himself to Van Deren: harder to blow two people over the side than one, he reasoned. They heard tornados in the distance. “The five-mile section from the end of Monroe Gaskill Memorial Bridge was the most difficult stretch of running I have ever endured,” Millsaps says.
Two days later, they were atop an 85-foot sand dune at Jockey’s Ridge in Nags Head, with nowhere else to run. Millsaps’ name won’t go in the record books with Van Deren’s, but he left Jockey’s Ridge with a sense of accomplishment and gratitude for the journey.
He’d do it again with one caveat – it would have to be with the same team. The run taught him the value of trust, teamwork, commitment to a goal, and total focus to the task at hand. “It really changed us,” he says. “It made friendships deeper and gave us a greater understanding of ourselves.” | <urn:uuid:1a5a7c68-e3a1-488c-bc65-1171273e4d8d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://magazine.wfu.edu/2012/06/20/chuck-millsaps-83-guides-a-record-breaking-run-across-north-carolina/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.962172 | 1,697 | 2.3125 | 2 |
The Olympic Games is an international multi-sport event held at the global level in which enormous countries participate in various sporting events. The Olympics were first held around 2,800 years ago, earlier they were known as, “OLYMPIAD” which was held in Greece. Then in 1892, after 1500 years, a French educator named Baron Pierre de Coubertin initiated the Olympics again, and they got approval in 1894 from the committee. After two years, the first Olympics were held in Athens, Greece. Now, the Olympics are organized every two years in different countries.
The emblem of the Olympics has five rings on a white flag that are interconnected to each other. Each ring has its colour and significance. They signify 5 different continents as Blue-Europe, Yellow-Asia, Black-Africa, Green-Australia, and Red-America. These rings are also known as Olympic Rings.
Tokyo is the Host of the Olympics 2020
This time, the Olympics were organized in Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo is the first city in Asia that, organise the Olympic games for the second time. Firstly, they hosted the Olympics in October 1964. Tokyo city has renovated its 43 venues for the Olympics 2020 out of which 25 were the built ones while 8 are new and 10 are temporary. Tokyo is the only city that hosted the Olympics twice, earlier in 1964 and now in 2021.
Time & Theme of Olympics 2020
The Olympics were initially to begin on July 24, 2020, and to end on Aug 9, 2020, but due to the coronavirus outbreak, they were postponed to 2021. They are organized from July 23, 2021, to Aug 8, 2021. The origin of the Olympics was held on July 23, 2021, while the ending was on August 8, 2021. Both the events took place at the same venue.
Basically, the motto of the Olympics is “Citius-Altius-Fortius”, which means “Faster-Higher-Stronger”. For Olympics 2020, the theme was “United by Emotion”, which means the “unifying power of sports”. The first time a new theme was introduced in the Olympics.
There were 339 events in 33 sports held in the Olympics, which included basketball, skiing, gymnastics, swimming, badminton, volleyball, golf, baseball/ softball, and many more. Ancient Olympics sports were boxing, running, wrestling, pentathlon, etc. Modern Olympic sports include motor boating, polo, tug-of-war, etc. However, newly added sports are squash, wakeboard, wushu, etc.
A total of 205 nations participated in the Olympics from which a total of 11,091 athletes competed with other nations in many ways like single-player, double-player, or as a team. The countries that competed in the Olympics were Belgium, China, France, Itay, India, Latvia, Mongolia, Serbia, and many more.
Some athletes were as young as 12 years named Hend Zaza on Syrian table tennis and also some athletes were there in their 60s, named Mary Hanna and Andrew Hoy. The United States has sent the highest number of athletes to the event, i.e, 657 athletes. While thirteen nations like Marshall, Nauru, South Sudan, Tuvalu, etc. were nations that had sent the lowest number of athletes to the event.
Attainments of the Countries and Athletes
Let us take a look at the achievements of the Tokyo Olympics 2020. It was a huge moment for Tokyo to host the Olympics. The Olympic Federation made medals very significantly. The medals were made with rough stones and then polished to make them shine. The design of the medal symbolises diversity. It also represents the world in which an honour was given to the people who work hard and compete in sports.
Every country played very well in the Olympics and achieved milestones. Here are some statistics of the Olympics 2020:-
- USA ranked 1st by winning the highest number of medals, i.e, 113 medals in which 39 are golds, 41 are silvers and 33 are bronze medals.
- China ranked 2nd by winning 88 medals, including 38 golds, 32 silvers, and 18 bronze medals.
- Japan holds the 3rd position and won 58 medals, including 27 golds, 14 silvers, and 17 bronze medals.
- India also played very well and holds the 48th position in the Olympics by winning 7 medals, including 1 gold, 2 silvers, and 4 bronzes.
After discussing the achievements of the countries, it’s time to talk about the performance of hard-working athletes.
- Caeleb Dressel from USA won 5 gold medals in the Olympics and holds the 1st position.
- Emma McKeon holds the 2nd position by winning 4 golds and 3 silver medals, i.e, 7 medals in total.
- Indian athlete Neeraj Chopra won the gold medal in the Javelin throw. After 41 years, India’s men’s hockey team won the bronze medal which was a very proud moment for India.
The above-mentioned data were the achievements of the countries and their hard-working athletes. We congratulate them for their hard work and wish them good luck for their future matches.
Tokyo Olympics 2020 are organized very well and successfully done. We congratulate all the participants who got bronze, silver, and gold medals for their respective countries. It was a very proud moment for every nation who got a medal or participated in the Olympic 2020. This will help athletes to gain more opportunities. This will help the nations promote sports in the schools or colleges and encourage them to take part in sports. It will also inspire the new generation to take part in sports and motivate them to do their best. | <urn:uuid:03987bf0-113b-4cda-955c-ce0caaf8c750> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.amicicorp.net/blogs/olympics-2020/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.983439 | 1,214 | 2.921875 | 3 |
An annual of disturbed ground which is flooded in winter, including hollows and ruts in arable fields, and damp pastures disturbed in winter by numerous waterfowl. It sometimes occurs as a casual from seeds introduced with grain or from other sources. Lowland.
L. hyssopifolium has been rare since the middle of the 19th century. It may appear erratically at some sites, and can quickly colonise new ones, making trends difficult to judge. The population at Slimbridge (E. Gloucs.) was discovered in 1985 and had expanded by 1993 to an estimated 600[#]000 plants.
As an archaeophyte L. hyssopifolium has a Eurosiberian Southern-temperate distribution; it is widely naturalised outside this range.
There are no images in this gallery.
Light (Ellenberg): 8
Moisture (Ellenberg): 6
Reaction (Ellenberg): 6
Nitrogen (Ellenberg): 4
Salt Tolerance (Ellenberg): 0
January Mean Temperature (Celsius): 3.9
July Mean Temperature (Celsius): 16
Annual Precipitation (mm): 777
Height (cm): 15
Perennation - primary
Life Form - primary
Clonality - primary
Count of 10km squares in Great Britain: 112
Count of 10km squares in Ireland: 3
Count of 10km squares in the Channel Isles: 8
Atlas Change Index: -1.12
Plantatt Conservation Status
RDB Species Accounts
Lythrum hyssopifolium L. (Lythraceae)
Grass-poly, Gwyarllys Isopddail
Status in Britain: VULNERABLE.
Status in Europe: Not threatened.
This is a plant of disturbed ground which is flooded during the winter months. It is usually found in hollows, ruts and other low-lying areas in arable fields, in sites where autumn-sown crops have been killed by flooding or where the ground was too wet for crops to be sown in spring. In these areas, L. hyssopifolium is often accompanied by other spring-germinating annuals including Juncus bufonius, Persicaria maculosa, Plantago major ssp. intermedia, Polygonum aviculare, and ephemeral bryophytes such as Physcomitrella patens and Riccia cavernosa (Preston & Whitehouse 1986). However, the largest British population of L. hyssopifolium does not occur on cultivated land, but on winter-flooded ground at Slimbridge which is disturbed in summer by waterfowl. In addition to its occurrence in winter-flooded sites, this species is sometimes found as a casual in a range of other sites to which seeds have been introduced as a contaminant of imported grain or in other ways.
L. hyssopifolium is an annual which germinates after the water recedes in spring. The flowers are slightly protogynous, but if cross-pollination fails they are automatically self-pollinated and almost always set seed. Like many annuals, plants may differ greatly in size and fecundity. Populations may also vary greatly in abundance from year to year. In hollows in arable fields near Cambridge L. hyssopifolium and its associated species may fail to appear after dry winters, but are present in abundance in favourable years (Preston 1989). If the flood water disappears but the hollows remain damp the plants may grow luxuriantly; if the hollows dry out rapidly they flower and fruit as small plants. The seed may remain viable in the soil for many years.
L. hyssopifolium has been recorded in seasonally flooded habitats from scattered sites in southern England. There are particular concentrations of records in the London, Oxford and Cambridge areas, perhaps because these were well recorded areas in the 17th and 18th century when the species may have been more frequent than it is today. It is impossible to obtain a clear picture of its former abundance, as it is an inconspicuous plant which may appear and reappear at a site at irregular intervals and is also able to colonise new sites. The species was certainly rare by the time that botanical recording increased in intensity in the middle of the 19th century. It is currently known in five British sites (Callaghan 1996). The large population of an estimated several hundred-thousand plants at Slimbridge, Gloucestershire, is continuing to spread, and is colonising newly excavated hollows made for wildfowl. Substantial populations of up to 10,000 plants occur in hollows in arable fields south of Cambridge and smaller populations are known in Dorset, Oxfordshire [but v.c. 22] and Sussex. It also occurs in Jersey.
The ecological requirements of L. hyssopifolium are specialised, and it relies for its continued occurrence on the flooding and disturbance of its sites. If the arable sites are not cultivated they rapidly become overgrown by perennial species and, eventually, by Salix scrub. The absence of disturbance is currently a threat to the small Oxfordshire population (although the long viability of the seeds may allow the plant to withstand a period of unfavourable management).
L. hyssopifolium is widespread in central and southern Europe, North Africa and West Asia. The northern limit of its native distribution is unclear: in Britain it may be a native species or a long-established introduction. It has been introduced in many areas outside its native range, including South Africa, North and South America and Australia (Meusel, et al. 1978).
C. D. Preston
Atlas text references
1998. Biological Flora of the British Isles. No. 203. Lythrum hyssopifolia L. Journal of Ecology. 86:1065-1072.
1978. Vergleichende Chorologie der zentraleuropäischen Flora. Volume 2. 2 vols.
1999. British Red Data Books. 1. Vascular plants, edn 3. | <urn:uuid:678a1eeb-34a8-4330-8e22-49a7af3c0dd5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://plantatlas.brc.ac.uk/index.php?q=plant/lythrum-hyssopifolium | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.940184 | 1,337 | 3.53125 | 4 |
ResLife FAQs for New Students
Get answers to common questions asked by incoming residential students including how students are housed, how triples are assigned, and more.
First Year Seminar is a 1-credit course that serves as an orientation to college life and fosters academic success, personal growth, and career exploration. First Year Seminar classes are grouped together in specific halls to facilitate out-of-class interaction. Generally, 5-8 First Year Seminar groups are assigned to each hall based on occupancy of the building.
Once each hall assignment has been determined, roommates are based on the personal attributes and preferences you provide in your housing application online.
If you are a transfer student, you will be housed in an upperclass floor in one of the residence halls. While we will make every effort to house you with another transfer student, you may be assigned to a space with a returning student.
When you fill out your housing application on ResLife Online, you will be asked about your personal preferences. You will then be matched with roommate(s) by mutual preferences (within First Year Seminar groups, if you are a first year student). It is important that you (and not a parent) fill out the housing application honestly and completely. Many problems we see new students experiencing in the residence halls can be avoided if the housing application is filled out accurately and honestly (e.g., I don't listen to music, I like to go to bed early, etc.). The chances for making good matches are significantly increased if the information is correct.
Fisher admits students without regard to race, creed, gender, sexual orientation, nationality, ethnic origin, age, or disability. In the assignment of rooms, gender is the only personal characteristic taken into consideration.
As a first year student, you will not be able to pick your roommate(s) for a few reasons. First of all, we encourage you to meet as many different people as possible. We have found that students who start out living with someone they know tend to limit their efforts to meet new people. Also, frequently students request to room together after a brief meeting (e.g., at an open house or recruiting visit) and then discover after spending more than a day or two living together they are not a good match. In addition, you are assigned to housing based on your First Year Seminar.
After your first year, you can choose your roommates.
In addition to doubles we also have standard triples and standard quads. Standard triples and quads are much larger in size and students are assigned to them accordingly. All room types are the same cost.
Housing assignments will be available on ResLife Online in early August for the fall semester and early January for the spring semester. You will go to the same place you applied for housing (ResLife Online) to see your roommates' names, phone numbers, addresses, and when available, emails.
Every residence hall has peer advisors called "Resident Assistants" that are available to help you with all your concerns, including roommate disagreements.
When you arrive on campus in the fall, you will work with your roommate(s) to fill out a Roommate Agreement that outlines what is mutually acceptable in the room (e.g. visitors, what can be borrowed or not...). You should be honest when filling out the form. This is a good chance for you and your roommate(s) to discuss things like visitors, music, study time, etc. If an issue arises, talk first to your roommate(s).
Inevitably, roommate issues/problems occur from time to time. If things do not work out, you should contact your RA. Be honest and upfront about issues early on so that they can be talked through. If you are having a roommate issue, work through the following steps:
- Talk to your roommate: Communication is the key! Many times you can avoid bigger issues by talking about them when they are still small. We understand that this can be hard; if you need help figuring out how to start the conversation, the RAs and professional staff can help.
- Re-visit your Roommate Agreement: Sometimes decisions made in the first week need to be modified. It is ok to revisit the agreement filled out in the beginning of the semester and come up with a new set of guidelines. Talk to your RA: If you have talked to your roommate(s) and the situation does not improve, your RA is available to meet with you to discuss the problems.
- Talk to a professional staff member: If things do not improve once your RA is involved, you should talk to your RD. If spaces are available, we consider room changes only when all efforts to work through the issues have been taken.
- Mediation: For a more formal conflict resolution option, students can request to meet with the ResLife Mediation Team by contacting the Assistant Director of Residential Life. Additionally, students may be referred and/or required to meet with the ResLife Mediation Team through the Student Conduct process or by the assistant dean of students. Mediation is a formal and structured process where one or more trained mediators facilitate communication between the involved students. Mediators assist students in focusing on the real issues of the dispute so that the students are able to state their needs and concerns, feel respected and heard, and are able to generate options that meet the interests or needs of all involved parties.
Living in the residence halls is an important part of your student's growth and development. We take the responsibility for this growth and development very seriously. Our goal is to prepare your student to live independently in the "real world" once they leave the comfort of the residence halls. Our message to families is: help us help your students, help your students help themselves.
In our office, we prefer to deal directly with the student. This helps us establish a relationship with your student and enables us to get to the crux of the issues most efficiently. That being said, we also welcome input or questions from families at any time. We will work to resolve issues to the best of our ability and we will involve your student in the solution.
We are available from 8:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. at (585) 385-8281 or in the Campus Center, Office 210. Our email address is email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:2938218e-90be-44eb-80e3-b3e5e309f425> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sjf.edu/student-life/residential-life/about-your-room/new-student-faqs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.956641 | 1,317 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Location: National Soil Erosion Research
Project Number: 5020-12130-004-002-S
Project Type: Non-Assistance Cooperative Agreement
Start Date: Aug 1, 2017
End Date: Jul 31, 2022
1. Determine the critical solution phosphorus (P) concentration for corn and soybean, and then determine if this varies with cultivar. 2. With objective one completed, conduct soil incubations and collect data for development of a model that will predict solution P concentrations.
Objective one will be completed through hydroponics/solution culture technique. The experiment will be conducted with inert media in order to allow for 100% control of the solution concentrations. Plants will be grown to full maturity and the critical concentration will be determined by growing the plants in a range of P concentrations, with all other nutrients equal and adequate. This will be conducted on corn and beans of "baseline" genetics to determine if there is a difference between cultivars. Objective two will involve collection of the most representative ag soils throughout the midwest, with a diversity in properties. Soils will be incubated after treatments of pH (3 to 5 levels), and P additions (3 to 5 levels). At various times, solution P concentrations will be measured. Solution data will be modeled as a function of soil characteristics and treatments. | <urn:uuid:77418645-6f57-41da-ae79-775de5cfc9d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/project/?accnNo=433214 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.896228 | 281 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Presentation on theme: "14.4Essential Question 14.4 Essential Question In what ways did the spread of democracy lead to calls for freedom for slaves and more rights for women?"— Presentation transcript:
14.4Essential Question 14.4 Essential Question In what ways did the spread of democracy lead to calls for freedom for slaves and more rights for women?
Lesson 14.4c: The Women’s Suffrage Movement Today we will identify major leaders of the women’s suffrage movement.
Vocabulary suffrage – the right to vote women’s suffrage movement – organized efforts to bring the right to vote to women grievance – a complaint or a wrong to be righted
Check for Understanding What are we going to do today? What is suffrage? What is another word for a grievance? What was the goal of the women’s suffrage movement?
What We Already Know Women had been very active in the abolition movement for years.
What We Already Know Many people in that time considered those actions inappropriate for women.
Underground Railroad Created to help runaway slaves Above ground series of escape routes from the South to the North Runaways traveled by night and hid by day in places called ‘stations’ (stables, attics, cellars)
Harriet Tubman was a ‘conductor’ who risked her life leading people to freedom on the Underground Railroad she escaped slavery in 1849 made 19 dangerous journeys to free enslaved people $40,000 bounty on her head “…I never lost a passenger.”
against Sojourner Truth and the Grimke sisters had given public speeches against slavery.
Grimke Sisters Grew up on Southern plantation Believed slavery morally wrong Moved to North & lectured in public against slavery even though women weren’t suppose to lecture in public Helped send petitions to Congress
Skilled speakers, writers, and organizers began to emerge. Sojourner Truth, famous for her abolitionist speeches, also spoke powerfully on behalf of women’s rights. Maria Mitchell was a famous astronomer whose Quaker upbringing taught that men and women were intellectually equal. She helped found the Association for the Advancement of Women in 1873.
Sojourner Truth was born a slave… Fled in 1827 and lived with Quakers who set her free Devout Christian who spoke openly for abolition of slavery Drew huge crowds in the North when she spoke
Women abolitionists were not always welcome. Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton were not allowed to speak at the World Anti-Slavery Convention in London in 1840, and even had to remain seated behind a curtain.
Some men were sympathetic, but most men agreed: women should stay out of public life.
Anti-Slavery Newspapers Frederick Douglass The North Star
William Lloyd Garrison “The Liberator”
Women had few rights in the 1800s. Women couldn’t vote, hold public office, or sit on juries. In most states, a woman’s property became her husband’s when they married. Men who physically abused their wives were rarely prosecuted.
The Seneca Falls Convention Inspired by their experience at the World Anti-Slavery Convention, Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized a convention to discuss women’s rights in The women wrote out their complaints in a document modeled on the Declaration of Independence.
The Declaration of Sentiments “All men and women are created equal.” It compared the treatment of women by men to the way the British king had treated the colonists. It contained a list of grievances and resolutions for change
The Declaration of Sentiments The women demanded to be given “... all the rights and privileges which belong to them as citizens of the United States.” The Declaration of Sentiments ended with a call for women’s suffrage.
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
20. At the Seneca Falls Conven- tion, what did the women demand? A.A new law outlawing alcohol B.Equal pay with men for the same jobs C.All the rights and privileges which belong to them as U.S. citizens D.An end to slavery
21. What did the Seneca Falls Convention’s “Declaration of Sentiments” declare to be true? A.It was God’s manifest destiny that women should have the right to vote. B.Men and women were created equal by God. C.It is God’s will that women be given the right to vote. D.Slavery is a sin in the eyes of God.
The resolution on suffrage was controversial. Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Frederick Douglass argued that voting rights would give women the political power they needed to win other rights. After much debate and discussion, the suffrage resolution narrowly passed.
The public was not ready to accept voting rights for women. Many men — and some women — believed that women were not suited to vote because they could not think clearly and independently.
The public was not ready to accept voting rights for women. Church leaders taught that women by nature were believed to be dependent on men and subordinate to them.
The public was not ready to accept voting rights for women. Many thought that women's place was in the home, caring for husband and children. Entry of women into political life might lead to disruption of the family.
Susan B. Anthony worked in the temperance, abolition and women’s rights movements. Anthony was a skilled organizer who built the women’s movement into a national organization. In the 1830s, she began fighting for women’s property rights, as well as equal pay for women. In 1849 she began working against the use of alcohol.
In 1851, Anthony met Stanton and they began working together. Because Stanton wanted a more radical women's rights platform than just voting rights, the two sometimes disagreed. For many years, the two women crossed the nation giving speeches and trying to persuade the government that society should treat men and women equally.
Anthony would give 64 of her 86 years of life to various social movements. She participated in the founding of several women’s rights organizations until 1900, when she retired. Her work led to her commemoration on a $1 coin from 1979 to 1999.
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!
22. What were Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s contributions to the women’s rights movement? A.She spoke out in favor of women’s rights at the World Anti-Slavery Convention. B.She helped the American public come to accept voting rights for women. C.She helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention on women’s rights. D.She helped win passage of the resolution on women’s suffrage in the Declaration of Sentiments. Write down the letter of every true response to this question!
23. How did Susan B. Anthony work for women’s rights? A.She spoke out in favor of women’s rights at the World Anti-Slavery Convention. B.She built the women’s movement into a national organization. C.She helped organize the Seneca Falls Convention on women’s rights. D.She fought for women’s property rights, as well as equal pay for women. Write down the letter of every true response to this question! | <urn:uuid:97c3d237-3359-4ef9-a2db-c5457531b07a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://slideplayer.com/slide/4248975/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00219-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96835 | 1,543 | 4.1875 | 4 |
Updated: Aug 1
James M. Dorsey
Launched 12 years ago, my column, The Turbulent World of Middle East Soccer, offers, to borrow a phrase from an early proprietor of The Observer, ‘the scoop of interpretation.’ The column continues to have significant impact. It is republished by news websites, blogs, and newsletters across the globe. Maintaining free distribution is key to maintaining the column’s impact. However, to do so, I rely on those readers who value the column and its impact by voluntarily becoming paid subscribers. If you are able and willing to support the column, please become a paid subscriber by clicking on Substack on the subscription button and choosing one of the subscription options. If you prefer, you can also make a donation. Thank you for your continued interest, readership, and support.
Peter Oborne’s The Fate of Abraham: Why the West is Wrong about Islam (Simon and Schuster 2022) is as much a history of US, British, and French attitudes towards Islam and Muslims as it is about a relationship that was almost doomed from the outset. Not because of inherent problems with either the essence of the West or the essence of Islam but due to prejudice, bias, and, certainly in the 21st century, politicisation and weaponization of religion on both sides of the divide. Nonetheless, the book sketches how many of the Western and non-Western policy assumptions about Islam echo past fears, prejudices, and debates that that have fuelled a widening gap and Islamophobia.
Oborne, the scion of a military and old-style politically conservative family, is passionate but well-documented, well-researched, and well-argued, in his description of the United States, France, and Britain’s encounters with Islam and Muslims, who initially were either subjects with very different experiences of colonialism or slaves. Although these encounters vary widely, Islam, whose adherents were often not granted full and equal recognition in society, has in Oborne’s telling in the 21th century replaced replaced communism as the enemy in the post-Cold War and post 9/11 era.
Based on extensive historical research and investigative journalism, Oborne debunks myths and distortions of the truth. In doing so, he is clear about where he stands in the debate on whether non-violent political Islam poses a threat. Terms that have become fashionable such as Islamism and non-violent extremism constitute in his mind part of the vocabulary developed to force Muslims into a cultural straight jacket.
With a well-put together list for further reading and spiced with historical nuggets, Oborne’s book is a valuable and important contribution to discussions about Islamophobia, political Islam, and the relationship between the United States, European countries, and Islam – a relationship that is likely to co-shape the 21st century world order.
This interview was first published by New Books Network
Dr. James M. Dorsey is an award-winning journalist and scholar, a Senior Fellow at the National University of Singapore’s Middle East Institute and the author of the syndicated column and blog, The Turbulent World of Middle East Soccer. | <urn:uuid:61303673-00e5-4c66-85bd-b602aa87185f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jamesmdorsey.net/post/new-books-network-interview-the-fate-of-abraham-why-the-west-is-wrong-about-islam-by-peter-oborne | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.951854 | 653 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Reverend Kiyoshi Tanimoto
A Methodist pastor residing in Hiroshima, Rev. Tanimoto nurses the dying victims after the attack. Later, he becomes a peace activist and tours America.
Dr. Masakazu Fujii
A doctor in Hiroshima, Dr. Fujii's office falls into the Kyo River after the bomb was dropped. Ironically, he is unable to help others for he is wounded as well; a useless doctor who later contracts a strange illness.
Miss Sasaki is a young clerk at a tin works factory. In the explosion, debris showers on her and she is trapped under a bookcase and receives no medical attention. She survives, yet crippled, and becomes a nun with her sister, Dominique.
Father Wilhelm Kleinsgore
Father Kleinsgore, a Jesuit priest, comforts the wounded and their families after the explosion, but falls ill with radiation poisoning. He assists Miss Sasaki and becomes a Japanese citizen under the name Father Makoto Takakura.
Dr. Terufumi Sasaki
Dr. Sasaki, a young surgeon at the Red Cross Hospital in Hiroshima operates on many victims of the bomb. One of his patients is Miss Sasaki. After the conflict, he studies radiation poisoning and the side effects of the bomb.
The widow of a tailor, Mrs. Nakamura barely escapes the explosion that claimed her house, but along with her three children, falls victim to the radiation poisoning. After the trouble dies down, she has a difficult time finding a job and a home.
The Allies, the Americans specifically, decimated Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. American B-29's dropped the atom bomb on the city killing 100 thousand and wounding 100 thousand more of a population of 250 thousand. Six people, Reverend Kiyoshi Tanimoto, Dr. Masakazu Fujii, Toshiko Sasaki, Father Wilhelm Kleinsgore, Dr. Terufumi Sasaki, and Hatsuyo Nakamura, are not... | <urn:uuid:10d5f184-cb6b-4238-bae3-53741bcaf25a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.writework.com/essay/hiroshima-character-analysis-plot-summary-general-analysis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00282-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931502 | 408 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Perspectives Across Frontiers
- New Horizons in Public Policy series
Edited by Leo W.J.C. Huberts, Jeroen Maesschalk and Carole L. Jurkiewicz
5. Judging a public official’s integrity Frédérique Six and Leo W.J.C. Huberts INTRODUCTION In most democratic countries the integrity of public officials is occasionally questioned based upon allegations of misconduct or seemingly dubious decisions. Allegations of being corrupt, or at least having acted without integrity, are very serious allegations. They almost always are very damaging for the reputation of the politician or public servant and can lead to the end of his career. Because of this criticality, it could be expected that integrity researchers would have directed their attention to providing theory-based guidelines for judging a public official’s integrity. This, however, has not been the case thus far. The argument here is that the present line of research regarding the integrity of public officials is incomplete. Greater clarity is needed in defining the concept and addressing fundamental issues such as who is judged by whom and on what basis? Menzel’s (1999, 2005) insightful reviews of the existing public ethics and integrity literature showed that most research to date has focused on examining public officials themselves, the institutional ethical arrangements they are subjected to, and the broader ethical environment in which they operate. Insofar as these researchers have made judgments about a public official’s integrity, they have relied either on legal convictions or on personal criteria/opinions (Dobel, 1999; Holbrook and Meier, 1993). For example, Dobel (1999) presented a set of criteria to be applied in several stages for judging the integrity of...
You are not authenticated to view the full text of this chapter or article.
Elgaronline requires a subscription or purchase to access the full text of books or journals. Please login through your library system or with your personal username and password on the homepage.
Non-subscribers can freely search the site, view abstracts/ extracts and download selected front matter and introductory chapters for personal use.
Your library may not have purchased all subject areas. If you are authenticated and think you should have access to this title, please contact your librarian. | <urn:uuid:376eb1d7-52ae-4593-bd5c-bbde93d9bb8a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.elgaronline.com/view/9781845428549.00013.xml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00086-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942478 | 497 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Retinal surgeons refine technology, instrumentation to optimize safety and efficacy
Microincision vitrectomy surgery (MIVS) is changing the way that vitreoretinal specialists operate. As with any new technology, MIVS has a number of significant advantages, as well as a few new challenges.
Overall, patients come in on postoperative day 1 usually with minimal to no discomfort and they are not usually troubled by slowly dissolving Vicryl sutures rubbing under their eyelids for two weeks. Because the incisions into the conjunctiva are smaller, there is less bleeding, which results in a better cosmetic appearance (still not as good as after cataract surgery, but for a retina surgeon, it is pretty good).
From the surgeon's perspective, there are a number of advantages to MIVS. For most cases, MIVS is faster than standard 20 G vitrectomy. With the previous-generation MIVS systems, especially 25 G, vitrectomy removal took longer, but the time saved in opening and closing the eye made the overall surgical time for 'straight-forward' cases about the same or somewhat less than 20 G vitrectomy.
The new-generation MIVS systems offer 5,000 cuts-per-minute. The surgeon is able to remove the vitreous remarkably efficiently, and the vitrectomy time is better than with standard 20 G vitrectomy. For those accustomed to 20 G systems, a 20 G 5,000 cuts-per-minute probe is available, but given how efficient the MIVS systems are at this rate, 20 G vitrectomy does not distinguish itself. | <urn:uuid:4eeb72f5-3372-4f86-80fc-ae0c1aaabb8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ophthalmologytimes.com/view/mivs-technique-continues-evolve-0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.937751 | 338 | 2.125 | 2 |
Cucuron is a delightful village in the south Luberon, pretty enough to have been used as the set for the 1995 movie 'The Horseman on the Roof' (Le hussard sur le toit).
Cucuron is best known for its beautiful pool of water in the main square (called a bassin), so big it is like a small lake, and home to many contented-looking fish who can't believe their luck that they are not stuck in a small fountain with coins raining down on their heads. (You can't swim in the bassin, by the way).
The bassin and square are shaded by towering, 200-year-old plane trees, which pleases the diners in the restaurant and bar alongside the water. Whether it is psychological or physical, the water seems to cool down the hottest days. Cucuron market, a great little market, takes place around the bassin on Tuesday mornings.
At one corner of the square is a large, grand house with a formal garden, behind imposing locked gates and a high wall. As we were wondering what this was, three children appeared behind the gate, as if from The Secret Garden. "Is this is a hotel or a house?" I asked. "Actually it's a chateau, normalement", said a girl.
Cucuron is a member of the Most Beautiful Villages of France association, and is constructed in the usual style of the Middle Ages, with streets and houses winding their way up to a castle at the highest point (only the castle's dungeon remains).
You can walk around the medieval part of the village inside the old rampart walls in half an hour, taking in the best view over the rooftops from the donjon (dungeon) St Michel, exploring the pretty winding streets and fountains to the church at the other end of the village.
In the summer, Cucuron church will have a whittled-down poplar tree leaning on it. Why? Because of a centuries-old tradition that the people of the village must go out and find a poplar tree at least as tall as the church (24m/80ft) and carry it back by hand with a boy riding it and waving a flag, in thanks to the village's patron saint for saving Cucuron from the plague in 1720. See, there had to be a logical reason. This story is written in greater detail on the tree itself, but only in French.
If you get to the church, go inside because it is beautiful and features a wood mural from the 16th century and the original Romanesque nave, as well as a magnificent restored organ from 1616. Close to the church is the Marc Deydier museum, with photographs of Cucuron life taken between 1890 and 1920.
From the high points of the village you can see Cezanne's beloved Mont St Victoire, the Alpilles, and of course the south flank of the Luberon mountain close by. You will also see the fertile farmland all around - this is good country for Luberon wine, cherries and olives.
There are three or four restaurants in Cucuron, including the well-known La Petite Maison, as recommended by Peter Mayle.
In the summer there are concerts at Cucuron, often in the church, Notre Dame de Beaulieu. | <urn:uuid:b151b48d-a4e7-43c2-b466-4d78b8c8653a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theluberon.com/places/cucuron.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00305-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962369 | 703 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Fraud or fiction?
March 4, 2021
The soul of democracy is the ability of individuals to have a say in their own future, embodied in the right to vote. The spirit of a democracy is to expand the participation of citizens in elections so that every citizen of that democracy is not only eligible, but able to cast that vote. That ex... | <urn:uuid:e1d35466-9025-435e-a881-62b2f9d83d4f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scledger.net/story/2021/03/04/opinion/montana-viewpoint/5867.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.960171 | 77 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Transcript below of: What’s the difference between fuzz and scar tissue?
I’ve got a bit of a backlog at the moment, but I’ll get to it eventually. This month’s question comes from Carmel, “Could you please define the difference between the fuzz, as described by Gill Hedley in his Fascia video, and scar tissue and how this may affect one’s yoga practice?”
For those of you who don’t know who Gill Hedley is, she’s referring to “The Fuzz Speech”. If you go to YouTube and you type in “The Fuzz Speech”, you’ll get Gill Hedley’s video that she’s referring to, which is a great video, highly recommended. Check it out.
What Gill’s talking about in his video is the long, slow growth of fascia between layers of fascia or layers of connective tissue. It’s more generalized. It’s more, in a sense, systemic.
Of course, it’s going to be based on your movement patterns, what you typically do, what you don’t do, how you move, how you don’t move. You’re going to get more of a build-up or less of a build-up of this fuzz depending on what you do.
Contrary or different from that is scar tissue. Scar tissue is much more specific. It’s not really a long, slow process. It’s more like an injury happens, maybe. Let’s call it a “cut” for a second just to keep it simple or a tearing of tissue. The scar tissues comes in and it binds that area together in, we’ll say, a relatively short amount of time. Of course, it could be ongoing if you don’t do anything to put pressure through that scar tissue as it’s healing or shortly after it has completed its process. You’re going to have more restriction in that area from a palpation point of view. You can feel it as a more dense area locally, specifically in that area, and it doesn’t give in the same way.
Interestingly on this subject, I was at the Fascia Research Congress this past year. Dr. Guimberteau from France, who did another video which you can look up on YouTube called “Strolling Under The Skin” some years ago, has a whole series of new videos, one of which is specifically about scar tissue.
I haven’t seen it myself, but it’s super specific about that and he’s showing the connective tissue and in this case, probably the scars from under the skin so you can get a sense of what that reorientation of connective tissue looks like as it’s under the skin.
Now in terms of impact on your practice, the generalized long slow fuzz stuff generally reduces range of motion, systemically. Whereas, the very specific scar tissue is going to be dependent on the size of the scar, the depth of that scar, what else it’s associated with – depending on the nature of the trauma or the injury that causes scar tissue to happen, etc.
There’s no specific answer other than to say that the restriction that you would probably find from scar tissue is going to be much more localized compared to the fuzz which is going to be more generalized.
I hope that helped a little bit. I do talk about connective tissue, of course, in Functional Anatomy of Yoga and scar tissue, specifically. Get a copy if you don’t have one. Otherwise, I’ll see you next time. | <urn:uuid:79180bb4-2a8b-4f8c-8872-a7f6b63a70d4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.yoganatomy.com/fuzz-scar-tissue/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.960562 | 799 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Introduction — August 6, 2013
While the U.S. may be reluctant to use military force against Iran, particularly after its unconvincing military performance against less formidable opponents in Iraq and Afghanistan; the fact remains that although Israel may be able to initiate a unilateral strike against Iran it’s unlikely to be able to follow through without US help.
After arms embargoes were imposed during the Iran-Iraq War Tehran made a point of developing its own defence industry, with some success.
In recent years it has developed and fielded a wide range weapons and military equipment that in some cases is on par with some of the most sophisticated Western military hardware. Although the Western media has tried to play down the extent of Iran’s development, its seizing control of one of America’s most advanced drone’s from its US operators is clear evidence of the level Iran’s of technical accomplishment.
In terms of military technology, it has far more sophisticated hardware at its disposal than either Iraq or Afghanistan. Both of these conflicts proved difficult enough for the U.S., yet Iran would present a far more formidable challenge and the White House knows it.
Hence Obama’s apparent hesitation in confronting Iran with anything more forceful than drones, embargoes and sanctions.
Apart from its home built jet fighters, radar systems, tanks, armoured personnel carriers, submarines and naval frigates, Iran also has a wide range of medium range surface-to-surface ballistic missiles which would wreak havoc on Israel should it decide to attack.
Meaning that if Israel starts a conflict with Iran it may not be able to finish it, at least not without U.S. help.
Hence the comments reported below may be aimed at nudging the U.S. into a more aggressive posture. Failing that, Israel maybe contemplating such a strike but using the statements below to gauge the likely speed and forcefulness of the U.S. response.
For the U.S. is legally bound to come to Israel’s defence if it is attacked, as it would be if it launched a unilateral strike on Iran. However, how much damage Israel would sustain from Iran’s counter-strikes would depend on how quickly the U.S. responded and how extensively.
Would the U.S launch massive air strikes to take out all Iran’s surface-to-surface missiles for example? If it chose that option it might take days or even weeks to destroy all Iran’s surface-to-surface missiles. Leaving Israel potentially vulnerable to many more Iranian missile strikes before U.S. bombers completed the task.
Or would Washington decide to launch limited nuclear strikes on Iran? This isn’t as outlandish as it might sound, particularly if Israel could somehow convince the U.S. that Iran was preparing to use a nuclear weapon.
If that were to happen Russia and China would likely step in alongside Iran and we would be confronted with a world war.
I know I’ve covered this topic before and it’s one I will almost certainly return to. Not only because of the more obvious mundane indications but because as a trusted ‘sensitive’ friend keeps repeating: it’s not a question of if but when war erupts with Iran and when it does Russia will step in with devastating consequences for the U.S. and Israel.
Official: Israel capable of unilateral strike on Iran, if US not committed
JPost.com — August 6, 2013
Israel is capable of carrying out a unilateral military strike against Iran’s nuclear facilities without operational support from the United States, a senior Israeli official said to Israel Radio on Tuesday morning.
Although, such a strike would render less effective than one conducted by America, the unidentified official said.
The diplomatic official doubted US intentions to prevent Iran from acquiring nuclear weapons at all costs.
American conduct regarding Syria, contrary to declarations by President Barack Obama, shows Israel that it cannot rely on US assurances, the Israeli source said.
Israel fears the development of direct negotiations between Washington and Tehran would ease sanctions on the Islamic Republic in exchange for concessions, and would not satisfy the requirements imposed by Israel, the unnamed official added.
Jerusalem and Washington differed on Sunday over the significance of Iranian President Hassan Rouhani’s inauguration, with Washington ready to work with Iran and Jerusalem warning that the new regime – like the old – is a threat to world peace.
The US hoped the new Iranian government would “heed the will of the voters by making choices that will lead to a better life for the Iranian people,” White House spokesman Jay Carney said in a statement shortly after Rouhani was sworn in.
This conciliatory tone was at odds with the tone coming from Jerusalem, where Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu again urged the world not to be “taken in” by Rouhani’s perceived moderation.
“On Friday, the Iranian president said that Israel ‘has been a wound on the body of the Islamic world,’” Netanyahu said at the opening of the weekly cabinet meeting.
“The president of Iran has been replaced, but the goal of the regime has not been replaced, it remains as it was,” he continued. “Iran’s intention is to develop a nuclear capability and nuclear weapons in order to destroy the State of Israel, and this constitutes a danger not only to us and the Middle East, but the entire world, and we are all committed to prevent this.”
Michael Wilner and Herb Keinon contributed to this report. | <urn:uuid:cd092d41-d946-488d-bf06-dca907662060> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.thetruthseeker.co.uk/?p=76795 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718866.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00002-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95637 | 1,150 | 1.984375 | 2 |
There is nothing like a good thinking session to kick off the new year. In their new paper, just published in Pain Medicine, the dulcet tones of A/Prof Milton Cohen and partners have been transformed to print in what is a very interesting critique of the theory of pain as a disease. Or, as they put it, ‘pain-as-a-disease’. It really is a tricky issue and my thoughts on it are on the record here, but Cohen et al take a more theoretical knife to the idea. They purport to test these three theories – specificity, neuroplasticity and disease theories – under what they call a framework of evolution of pain medicine theory. They conclude that the evolution from specificity to neuroplasticity was based on evidence and conceptual clarity, but that the subsequent evolution to pain-as-a-disease is faulty on the grounds that (i) pain is at once considered a symptom, a cause and a pathology, and (ii) the evidence concerning pathology is wishy washy.
1 Pain as a symptom, a cause and a pathology
Two tenets of ‘disease’ are that it is associated with abnormal structure or function of a body system and a characteristic clinical profile – the disease is a cause of the clinical presentation. This is the Catch 22 – chronic pain is considered a characteristic set of symptoms caused by the disease (pain). That is, chronic pain is caused by chronic pain. Confused?
2 Wishy washy evidence of pathology
Cohen et al argue that evidence of gray matter loss, which underpins the disease definition, is not that strong – and I tend to agree, especially in light of this new paper which argues that up to 95% of findings of abnormal gray matter density, using voxel based morphometry, are likely to be false positives (you read that right – check out our previous blog post on it here). Rather than repeat Cohen et al’s coverage of the evidence, read their paper and see what you reckon.
Cohen et al won’t make any friends in high places with this paper, particularly with this assertion:
“By blurring the lines of cause and effect and of antecedent and consequent, taken together with the failure to propose an acceptable name for this “disease” other than the morally charged “maldynia” , this proclamation ultimately constitutes the philosophical error captured by Wittgenstein in his aphorism #114: “One thinks that one is tracing the outline of the thing’s nature over and over again, and one is merely tracing round the frame through which we look at it.” The claim that pain is a disease is thus passed off as an assertion of certainty but only because that is demanded by the frame of reasoning through which it was conceived.”
However, I suspect that they are not driven by a need for friends. Rather they might be driven by a need for the right process, and that seems critical to this debate.
Perhaps it comes down to whether one is outcome-driven or process-driven. That is, an outcome-driven approach would render the technicalities emphasised by Cohen et al unimportant in comparison to what is at stake. If chronic pain needs funding, and our societies were ploughing money into fruit, would it be all that bad if we redefined chronic pain as a fruit, in order to get the money it deserves?
The alternative, process-driven approach, would be to call chronic pain the consequence of a disease to which we would have to give a very uncatchy name, for example “ongoing implicit perception of threat to body tissue as a result of multiple system sensitivity and inaccurate evaluative processes, in the absence of true threat to body tissue”. If we did that, what are the chances of getting it understood by the powers that be, and therefore funded? We would remain true to our modus operandus, but the problem would continue to fly under the societal radar. By taking a process-driven approach, Cohen et al are defenceless against outcome-driven criticisms, but the same is true in reverse – to define chronic pain as a disease hits up against the Catch 22 mentioned earlier and there is not really anywhere to go.
Is there a third way perhaps? Is it pie in the sky to hope that we might increase community understanding and acceptance of the multifactorial nature of chronic pain, and the huge burden it places on us as a society and on the individuals who suffer and their families, and then establish it as a problem that we might collectively invest in solving?
Time, I guess, will tell.
About Lorimer Moseley
Lorimer is NHMRC Senior Research Fellow with twenty years clinical experience working with people in pain. After spending some time as a Nuffield Medical Research Fellow at Oxford University he returned to Australia in 2009 to take up an NHMRC Senior Research Fellowship at Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA). In 2011, he was appointed Professor of Clinical Neurosciences & the Inaugural Chair in Physiotherapy at the University of South Australia, Adelaide. He runs the Body in Mind research groups. He is the only Clinical Scientist to have knocked over a water tank tower in Outback Australia.
Cohen, M., Quintner, J., & Buchanan, D. (2013). Is Chronic Pain a Disease? Pain Medicine DOI: 10.1111/pme.12025
Scarpazza, C., Sartori, G., De Simone, M., & Mechelli, A. (2013). When the single matters more than the group: Very high false positive rates in single case Voxel Based Morphometry NeuroImage, 70, 175-188 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.12.045 | <urn:uuid:156ca663-9ec6-49ac-ab58-f73936974846> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bodyinmind.org/chronic-pain-as-a-disease/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00050-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95213 | 1,212 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Modern Times Wonders GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE San Francisco, California USA
Instant Download Price
Buy and Download
GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE
The Golden Gate Bridge is one of the most beautiful bridges in the world and hangs majestically like a giant gateway over San Francisco Bay. In the sunlight, the bridge really does look golden and when a sudden fog descends, the tips of her pillars rise supremely above the waterscape below.
A hundred thousand tons of steel and almost 300,000 cubic metres of cement form the foundations which have protected the bridge from storm force winds of up to100 miles an hour. It was originally designed to take 3 million cars a year but in fact, it is used by more than 45 million, and the numbers are increasing. To date, a billion vehicles have used this masterpiece of human invention.
On 28th May 1937, the San Francisco Chronicle reported: "We got it wrong".
The bridge which no-one was supposed to be able to build, no one approved and no one would use, now stands before you in all its glory. Amazing how the newspapers, even in those days, sometimes got it wrong! | <urn:uuid:25e07d84-16eb-4644-b796-56a03ecd0c9a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://store.payloadz.com/details/910166-movies-and-videos-action-modern-times-wonders-golden-gate-bridge-san-francisco-california-usa.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00378-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936915 | 240 | 1.5 | 2 |
When the Clouds Roll Bylike
USA, 1919 • Directed by Victor Fleming
Cast Douglas Fairbanks (Daniel Boone Brown), Kathleen Clifford (Lucette Bancroft), Frank Campeau (Mark Drake). Ralph Lewis (Curtis Brown), Herbert Grimwood (Dr. Ulrich Metz), Albert MacQuarrie (Hobson), Daisy Jefferson (Bobby DeVere) Production United Artists Corp. 1919 Director Victor Fleming Producer Douglas Fairbanks Scenario Thomas Geraghty, from a story by Douglas Fairbanks Photography Harry Thorpe, William McGann Art Direction Edward M. Langley
Presented at SFSFF 2004
Print Source Douris Corporation
Screened with 1916’s The Mystery of the Leaping Fish, starring Douglas Fairbanks Sr. as Coke Ennyday
Musical Accompaniment Dennis James on the Mighty Wurlitzer
Essay by Scott Brogan
The image of Douglas Fairbanks is that of the swashbuckling hero from The Mark of Zorro (1920), Robin Hood (1922), and The Thief of Baghdad (1924). But the cornerstone of Fairbanks’s fame was as a popular romantic comedy lead. And in 1919 and 1920, several life-changing events would not only cement his legend, but also change the course of Hollywood history.
Born Douglas Elton Ulman in Denver, Colorado, on May 23, 1883, Douglas Fairbanks took to the local stage by the time he was 11. In 1900 he moved to New York and worked at odd jobs until finally making his Broadway debut in 1902. Although ambitious and hard-working, he wasn’t the huge success that he had been in local theater. In 1907, Fairbanks married his first wife, Beth Sully, the daughter of wealthy industrialist Daniel Sully. Their union produced a son, Douglas Jr., who later became a movie star in his own right. Fairbanks Sr. was convinced to work in the family business as a soap salesman, but this lasted only a few months before he returned to the stage, where he soon gained fame.
In 1915, Fairbanks accepted a $2,000 a week, 100-week guarantee from the Triangle Film Corporation to relocate to Hollywood. His rise to stardom alongside friends such as Buster Keaton and Charlie Chaplin was swift, and his comedies and social satires became some of the most popular films of the early 20th century. Films such as The Matrimaniac (1916) helped to secure Fairbanks’s fame and allowed him to form his own production company. It was also at this time that Fairbanks met and fell in love with Mary Pickford, beginning one of the most famous unions in Hollywood history.
When the Clouds Roll By was one of Fairbanks’s last romantic comedies before his switch to larger pictures, and one of his best. The story of a superstitious young underachiever who is unwittingly being manipulated by his boss and by a crazy doctor, the film was written by Fairbanks and directed by Victor Fleming. Fleming, a no-nonsense “man’s man,” went on to become one of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer’s most reliable directors of classics, including The Wizard of Oz (1939) and Gone with the Wind (1939).
Fleming keeps the action in When the Clouds Roll By moving at a fast pace, using brisk editing to stay one jump ahead of the audience. More importantly, he allows Fairbanks to show off the acrobatic abilities that soon took his career in a different direction. Using ingenious movie trickery, Fairbanks even pre-dates a famous Fred Astaire sequence by more than 30 years. Wisely, the acrobatics are plot driven. As Fairbanks said, “I have never in the pictures performed a stunt for the stunt’s sake. Such athletic things as I have done on the screen were done to get over my interpretation, my idea of youth.”
When the Clouds Roll By also anticipates future Fairbanks films with its production values. The film employs large sets and state-of-the-art special effects. A short 77 minutes, the film manages to run the gamut from intimate scenes to spectacle, keeping Fairbanks’s endearing character front and center.
At the time Fairbanks made When the Clouds Roll By, he had just formed United Artists with Mary Pickford, Charlie Chaplin, and D.W. Griffith. This was the first time that a group of major stars broke their ties to the studios to make and distribute their own movies. The company revolutionized Hollywood and changed the star system forever. Because of their huge popularity, the foursome was able to make United Artists successful enough to lure other top actors and directors to their films.
During this period, Fairbanks and Mary Pickford were hiding their romance from the public because they were both married, and they feared their careers would be ruined by a scandal, as had happened to other stars. They finally were married in 1920, and the marriage only increased their popularity. Prior to the wedding, Fairbanks remodeled his hunting lodge into a mansion that the couple rechristened “Pickfair.” They became two of the earliest residents of Beverly Hills, and the reigning King and Queen of Hollywood.
Ahead of his time when it came to personal fitness, Fairbanks kept himself in top physical shape, never drank, and was a proponent of vigorous exercise, despite his three-pack-a-day cigarette habit. So, at the advanced age (in movie years) of 37, he was able to transition into the role of swashbuckler, thanks to his good health habits and personal magnetism.
Why the switch? In an article he wrote for Ladies Home Journal in 1924, Fairbanks explained: “In my own career, there was nothing deliberate about getting into big productions ... I was playing a sort of young man about town who was essentially the same in each play, and stories were fitted to that end. I became fed up with the sort of thing I was doing, and I was afraid the public would become so too.”
In 1920, Fairbanks released the first of his swashbuckler films, The Mark of Zorro. It was a big hit, making effective use of Fairbanks’s charm and physical prowess to re-invent him as the heroic swashbuckler. No one had done this type of film before, and the gamble paid off, setting Fairbanks on a new and even more successful career path. By 1922, he was such a superstar that the opening of Robin Hood set the standard for subsequent premieres. Fairbanks and Pickford were also the first stars to put their hand and footprints in cement outside of Grauman’s Chinese Theatre. Fairbanks was one of the original owners of the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, and, as a founding member and first president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, he presided over the first Academy Awards ceremony in 1929 at the hotel.
By the late 1920s, Fairbanks’s reign as film superhero was coming to an end. Now in his mid-40s, he couldn’t continue to maintain the appearance of youthful vigor. Sound films were revolutionizing the industry. Although it is frequently assumed that Fairbanks was a casualty of the industry’s switch to sound, this wasn’t the case. The stage-trained Fairbanks had no speech or voice problems; the public simply lost interest in many of the silent era’s stars and their “old fashioned” films. When Fairbanks and Pickford released their only film together, a sound version of The Taming of the Shrew (1929), it had only a modest success. The film also had the misfortune of being released at the time of the stock market crash.
The couple formally announced their retirement from movies in 1933, and shortly thereafter they separated. Among the factors contributing to the end of the marriage were Fairbanks’s philandering, Pickford’s alcoholism, and money woes from the crash. The divorce was finalized in 1936, and within months Fairbanks married Lady Sylvia Ashley, who later married Clark Gable. In 1939, Fairbanks began working on a script for a new film to be titled The Californian, but he never finished the script. On December 12, 1939, Douglas Fairbanks suffered a fatal heart attack. He was 56 years old.
Douglas Fairbanks’s legacy isn’t just that of swashbuckler hero. He was one of the true founders of Hollywood, and a visionary who saw the potential of what films could be. He was one of the first who could do it all — actor, comedian, stunt man, screenwriter, director, businessman ... and superstar. | <urn:uuid:fd1b3344-a45e-496b-a86f-e4c99de60362> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.silentfilm.org/archive/when-the-clouds-roll-by | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720475.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00355-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977015 | 1,828 | 1.804688 | 2 |
- After showing a the episode of 30 Days on living on Minimum Wage or Reading a section of Nickel and Dimed by Barbara Ehrenreich and have the students create a budget for a family of four living on minimum wage.
- Career and Technical Education
- High School
- Grade 9, Grade 10, Grade 11, Grade 12
- Material Type:
- Christina Mitchell
- Date Added:
- Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial
- Media Format:
- Graphics/Photos, Text/HTML
No evaluations yet. | <urn:uuid:5de7b6cc-3d00-4f4b-824e-02eac01b1eb5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wlresources.dpi.wi.gov/authoring/617-living-on-minimum-wage-budget | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.786445 | 163 | 2.328125 | 2 |
TALLAHASSEE, Fla. - Florida is one of a handful of states without a comprehensive energy policy, but conferences this week and next hope to put the state on a path to energy independence.
Florida's nickname is the Sunshine State, but it does nothing to incentivize solar energy.
Wayne Wallace, a Largo solar dealer, traveled to the state Capitol from Largo this past week to push for an energy policy.
"We are one of maybe 12 states left who do not have comprehensive energy plan," he said.
Wallace wasn't alone. Delegates from across Florida came to a Clean Energy Congress. Their goal: to push and embarrass policy makers into doing more to ween the state from oil.
"There's not a whole lot of successing in the conversion to clean energy," said Frank Knapp, of the South Carolina Small Business Chamber of Commerce. "It's a struggle that we see in trying to move states to doing more solar, wind and hydro."
When Florida offered solar rebates years ago, the program was so popular it ran out of money. Participants had to settle for 50 cents on every dollar they were promised.
The state Energy Office was moved following the rebate debacle. Agriculture Commissioner Adam Putnam got control of the office. He's holding an energy summit that begins Monday.
"And it's my intention to have an energy bill this year," he said. "We moved the ball forward last year legislatively in terms of the use of natural gas as a transportation fuel."
While solar gets no incentives, lawmakers did decide to start paying part of the cost for businesses to convert their fleets to natural gas. Companies can receive up to $25,000 for each of 10 vehicles they convert.
In addition to rebates, the state also exempted companies converting to natural gas from fuel taxes for the next five years.
Copyright 2013 by News4Jax.com. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. | <urn:uuid:20a29dc7-2fef-4179-8d99-a142b2c05d03> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.news4jax.com/news/florida/florida-in-search-of-an-energy-policy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00018-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962278 | 410 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Notes: "Assorted haiku, tanka, senryu, essays, anecdotes, and 'jokes' composed by Yusa Keizo, most of which are preceded by headnotes explaining the circumstances of composition. In addition, there are sections on: 1) the activities and membership of various organizations supporting the Japanese government in the 1930s; 2) eulogies in memory of Aratani Setsuo; and 3) Issei poetry published in the New Year's edition of the immigrant press from 1907 to 1940."—A Buried Past, 620.
"Mainly includes literary work by the author, but also includes descriptions of Japanese military support by Japanese in the United States, other people's poems, and report of Aratani Setsuo's funeral (1885-1940). According to forwards by various people, Hanboku was called a critic of Japanese society in the U.S."—JANM bibliography, 229.
In 2014, a facsimile edition was published in Japan as "Collected works of Hanboku, master of Japanese American humorous poems," however this book is most often cited in the academic literature for it's commentary on Japanese American view of Japan's militarism in the 1930s. The first plate is a halftone image of two airplanes purchased for the Japanese military with funds raised in Japanese immigrant communities.
Yusa was born in Japan about 1879. At the 1940 census, he was working as a farm laborer in Santa Maria, California, and living with his wife and a son, a dentist. He died on January 5, 1941 after being hit by a car.
, 47, 67, 77, 35, 533 pages, including a few halftone plates. Printed in Japan.
OCLC: 20275808, 683058565
Edition + Condition: First edition. Very good in the publisher's blue cloth in the original cardstock slipcase.
Publication: Santa Maria, CA: (the author), 1940 (Showa 15).
Item No: #361091 | <urn:uuid:ee1ecc7d-ca94-4e0d-8651-953cd01d96dc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.downtownbrown.com/pages/books/361091/keizo-yusa-hanboku/collected-works-of-hanboku-hanboku-zenshu?soldItem=true | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.973933 | 429 | 2.25 | 2 |
08 September 2014
A better way?
Having passed the bus station in Abuja, the capital of Nigeria, just minutes before the bomb went off killing 88 people and injuring more than 200, it caused me to ask the 'what if?' question.
Not so much 'what if?' my family and I had left a little later that morning, although that had crossed my mind, but 'what if' on a global scale. As we watch and read the news, one can't help but be struck by the worldwide impact of radical violent Islam - Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Nigeria, Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, I could go on –and of course, closer to home, New York, London, Woolwich. Radical Muslim groups are now part of our daily news diet. Al Qaeda, Boko Haram and Isis, vie with each other in their war, not only in the West but also with fellow Muslims as Sunnis and Shias embark upon what increasing looks like an Islamic civil war. Hundreds of thousands have died – mainly civilians - millions have been displaced, living in makeshift camps and hoping for safety.
Way back on 11 September 2001, two planes were flown into the World Trade Centre (a total of four planes were crashed that day) and almost four years later, four bombs went off in the London transport system.
Nearly 3,000 people were killed in these two attacks. So back to the 'what if' question. What if president George Bush and prime minister Tony Blair, rather than declaring a war on terror, had found it in their hearts not to re-pay evil with evil? What if they had brought a leadership modelled on the life and teaching of Jesus and 'turned the other cheek'? What if, at these key moments of history, they had reached out to moderate Muslim leaders, both political and religious?
Our 20s and 30s initiative threadsuk.com often asks the question –what is the better way? Through articles, interviews and events, they seek not to solely critique the Church or wider culture, but to ask: what is the better way, what is the alternative?
So here I ask, could a better way have been found than the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and numerous other operations around the world which have mobilised a generation of young Muslim freedom-fighters and left us with a legacy of mistrust and conflict which could continue for decades? 'What if' the governments of the West, most notably the US and Britain, rather than investing billions of dollars into weapons of war, had invested in healthcare, education, vital infrastructure and good governments in some of the poorest nations and among the poorest people who are so often vulnerable to extremism?
In his book The Reason for Suffering, Tim Keller recounts the events of October 2006 when a gunman took hostages in a one room school house of an Amish community in Lancaster county Pennsylvania. The lone gunman, having shot 10 victims, five of whom died were aged seven to 13, then killed himself. Keller records: "Hours after the suicide/murders, members of the Amish community visited the killer's parents and expressed sympathy for their loss and support for the hard days ahead.
When the gunman was buried a few days later, his young widow and three children were amazed to discover that half of those attending the funeral were Amish, who showed nothing but support and concern for the murderer's family… the forgiveness and love shown by the Amish community towards the shooter and his family was the talk of the entire country. The way they handled their suffering had been a powerful testimony to the truth of their faith and the grace and glory of their God."
So, 'what if' faced with the appalling actions of a small group of Muslim extremists, in initiating the events we now know as 9/11 and 7/7, two Christian countries had been more 'Christian' in their response? Could another kind of 'war on terror' have been fought - perhaps an effective one? Certainly the death toll would have been lower, the recruitment of Jihad fighters would've been reduced and I dare to suggest the world would have been a safer place.
As I write this piece, the great words of Jesus echo in my ears "blessed are the peacemakers for they will be called the children of God". If ever there was a time for the 'peacemakers' it is now. Let's pray that globally leaders will emerge who will be peacemakers in our generation, and let's act so that in whatever sphere of influence we find ourselves, we will be known as those who look for another way – the way of the peacemakers. | <urn:uuid:0e20f7e9-4ef9-44e8-8cd4-5df827f8feb1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.eauk.org/idea/a-better-way.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00389-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981093 | 948 | 2 | 2 |
Waikato District Council - Proposed District Plan (Stage 2 Natural Hazards), Notified 27 July 2020.
This layer is a spatial representation of an overlay in the Proposed District Plan and indicates where land use will be regulated by various associated rules. It will be used as a guide in the regulatory process of implementing the Proposed District Plan and managing land use, subdivision, the environment and economy. This dataset is subject to changes undertaken through the Resource Management act. Note individual Proposed Plan rules can have different statuses, some may have current legal effect and others will not until the Proposed Plan becomes operative. Thisi data is provided for use in the District Plan only.
Coastal Sensitivity Area (Inundation) identifies land that is potentially vulnerable to coastal inundation over a 100 year period to 2120, assuming a sea level rise of 1.0 metre due to the projected effects of climate change. This belongs to the series of data relating to Natural Hazards which includes the following groups - coastal erosion, coastal inundation, inland flooding, and land subsidence. This layer belongs to the coastal inundation group. Use in conjunction with High Risk Coastal Hazard (Inundation) Area and Coastal Sensitivity Area (Open Coast).
|Category||Proposed District Plan > Notified version|
|Tags||District Plan, Resource Management Act|
|Regions||Inlet-Raglan Harbour, Inlet-Aotea Harbour North, Raglan|
|Metadata||ISO 19115/19139, Dublin Core|
|Data type||Vector multipolygon||Feature count||2|
|Attributes||Policy, SubCat, Desc|
|Services||Vector Query API, Web Feature Service (WFS)| | <urn:uuid:37c0a3a1-c569-47e0-a2b2-3449de2bbe91> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://data.waikatodistrict.govt.nz/layer/104899-proposed-coastal-sensitivity-area-inundation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.846281 | 377 | 2.09375 | 2 |
In my last blog post, I presented a 25-question constellation trivia quiz. Here are the answers.
1) Serpens occupies two regions of sky. Ophiuchus the Serpent-bearer separates Serpens.
2) Unlike the Southern Cross, whose long axis points to the South Celestial Pole, the “False Cross” gives only bad directions. Two of its stars come from Carina (Iota and Epsilon) and Vela (Delta and Kappa).
3) Before astronomers formalized the constellation boundaries in 1928 both Taurus and Auriga lay claim to the star Elnath. The star carried the designations Beta Tauri and Gamma Aurigae. Perhaps because Beta comes before Gamma in the Greek alphabet, the committee that decided what areas the constellations contained permanently assigned Elnath to Taurus.
4) The constellation with the most bordering constellations also is the largest constellation, Hydra.
5) Barnard’s Star lies in Ophiuchus.
6) You’ll find NGC 1, a magnitude 12.8 spiral galaxy, in Pegasus.
7) Astronomers discovered both Uranus (1781) and Pluto (1930) in Gemini.
8) Marmor Sculptile represented the bust of Italian explorer Christopher Columbus (1451–1506).
9) The Quadrantid meteor shower originates from Boötes.
10) The constellation with the most Messier objects is Sagittarius, with 15. Virgo is next with 11, followed by Coma Berenices with 8.
11) The smallest of the 88 constellations is Crux the Southern Cross. It occupies only 68.45 square degrees. That works out to a paltry 0.166 percent of the sky.
12) French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille invented the constellations Antlia, Caelum, Carina, Circinus, Fornax, Horologium, Mensa, Microscopium, Norma, Octans, Pictor, Puppis, Pyxis, Reticulum, Sculptor, Telescopium, and Vela.
13) The star named Arrakis resides in Draco the Dragon. It carries the Greek letter designation Mu.
14) In rank by size, Sagittarius (867 square degrees) is the largest, followed by Taurus (797 square degrees), Libra (538 square degrees), and Scorpius (497 square degrees).
15) The Lozenge is an asterism in Draco the Dragon. The stars Beta, Gamma, Xi, and Nu Draconis form it. These same stars also form Draco’s head.
16) The constellation with the most visible (naked-eye) stars is Centaurus. It contains 101 stars brighter than magnitude 5.5.
17) Tucana contains the Small Magellanic Cloud.
18) Astronomers divided the now-extinct constellation Argo Navis into Carina the Keel, Puppis the Stern, and Vela the Sails. Don’t make the oft-repeated mistake of including Pyxis the Ship’s Compass in this group.
19) German astronomer Johann Gottfried Galle discovered Neptune September 23, 1846, in Aquarius.
20) Virgo is the second-largest constellation.
21) The first variable star discovered, Mira, lies in Cetus. It is designated Omicron Ceti. German astronomer David Fabricius discovered its variability in 1596.
22) Danish astronomer Ejnar Hertzsprung (1873–1967) and American astronomer Henry Norris Russell (1877–1957) proposed the three-letter constellation abbreviations at the First General Assembly of the International Astronomical Union, held in Rome in 1922.
23) Draco the Dragon contains the former “North Star,” Thuban. The star carries the designation Alpha Draconis. Thuban was the North Star approximately 5,000 years ago. It lay closest to the North Celestial Pole around 2,800 B.C.
24) Columba the Dove is the only surviving constellation named after an object in the Bible. It is the dove Noah sent out to test whether the waters from the great flood had abated.
25) The two constellations that contain letters in their abbreviations not in the constellation names are Hydrus (Hyi) and Sagitta (Sge). This happened because astronomers drew the three-letter abbreviations from the genitive (possessive) forms of the constellation names.
BONUS) Twenty-two constellation names begin with the letter C. That’s one-fourth of all the constellations.
I hope you did well, but, if not, don’t fret. Take this quiz to your next astronomy club meeting. You’ll be the center of attention. | <urn:uuid:b0c8d20e-85f3-456e-9571-8888c4a7098a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cs.astronomy.com/asy/b/astronomy/archive/2008/01/28/enjoy-some-constellation-trivia-part-2.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00223-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.82255 | 1,024 | 3.515625 | 4 |
This was a vote on passage of a bill making major changes to the national health care system. House passage of the legislation – which had already passed the Senate -- would clear the bill for the president's signature.
The Senate-passed bill imposed a requirement that most Americans have health insurance, added 15 million people to the Medicaid rolls, provided funding to subsidize the purchase of private health insurance coverage for low- and middle-income people, and prohibited insurance companies from refusing coverage because of “pre-existing conditions.” The bill would also place a 40% tax on high-cost insurance plans -- or those plans that are worth more than $27,500 for families, and $10,200 for individuals.
Under the legislation, insurers would be required to cover preventive care -- such as regular checkups -- at no cost to customers. The bill was estimated to cover 31 million uninsured individuals. Under the bill, an estimated 95% of Americans would have health insurance.
Immediately following the vote on the Senate-passed health care bill, the House planned to bring up a second health measure. The second bill made a number of changes to the Senate legislation, including delaying the implementation of the tax on high-cost insurance plans until 2018. It also expanded coverage to 32 million people, one million more than the Senate-passed bill. The second bill was brought up by Democratic leaders under a process known as budget reconciliation. This process shielded the bill from a filibuster in the Senate, allowing it to pass that chamber with a simple 51-vote majority.
House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer (D-MD) argued the bill represented "the end of discrimination against Americans with preexisting conditions, and the end of medical bankruptcy and caps on benefits. It is coverage you can rely on whether you lose your job or become your own boss, coverage that reaches 95 percent of all Americans….Illness and infirmity are universal, and we are stronger against them together than we are alone. Our bodies may fail us; our neighbors don't have to. In that shared strength is our Nation's strength, and in this bill is a prosperous and more just future."
Rep. Henry Waxman (D-CA), the chairman of one of the committees that drafted the legislation, said: "This bill provides all Americans the security of knowing they will always be able to afford health care for themselves and their families. The bedrock foundation of the legislation is that it builds on what works today and reforms what doesn't, but we fundamentally reform the insurance company practices that are failing our families."
Rep. Ed Markey (D-MA) criticized the Republicans for seeking to delay and obstruct passage of the legislation: "GOP used to stand for Grand Old Party. Now, it stands for grandstand, oppose, and postpone. They grandstand with phony claims about nonexistent government takeovers, they oppose any real reform, and then they want to postpone fixing a broken health care system. GOP: Grandstand, oppose, and postpone."
Republicans denounced the bill as a "government takeover" of health care that would lead to economic ruin: Rep. John Shadegg (R-AZ) said: "Tragically, this bill will destroy freedom and do incredible damage to the very fabric of our society. This bill is a bailout for the insurance companies. They get the individual mandate that they wanted all along--a mandate that is un-American and unconstitutional."
Rep. Joe Pitts (R-PA) argued the bill would use taxpayer dollars for abortions: "This bill violates the conscience of the American people….This extreme legislation is being forced on an unwilling Nation. It is the most pro-abortion bill and the largest expansion of abortion in our history. No Member who votes for it will ever be able to claim again that they have always stood on the side of the unborn."
Rep. Devin Nunes (R-CA) argued the bill would lead to socialism and totalitarianism: "…This debate is not about the uninsured; it's about socialized medicine. Today we are turning back the clock. For most of the 20th century, people fled the ghosts of communist dictators, and now you are bringing the ghosts back into this Chamber. With passage of this bill, they will haunt Americans for generations. Your multitrillion dollar health care bill continues the Soviets' failed Soviet socialistic experiment. It gives the Federal Government absolute control over health care in America….Say "no'' to socialism. Say "no'' to totalitarianism. Say ‘no’ to this bill."
The House passed the Senate health care bill by a vote of 219-212. 219 Democrats -- including all of the most progressive members -- voted "yea." All 178 Republicans and 34 Democrats voted "nay." As a result, the House passed legislation making major changes to the national health care system, including expanding health coverage to uninsured Americans -- thereby enabling the president to sign it into law. | <urn:uuid:26d3687f-1be4-4da6-9d3e-b779731a297a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.progressivepunch.org/vote.htm?vote=18571&topic=A5&member=400219 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717783.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956198 | 1,007 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Practice Pointers: Know Your Statute of Limitations
The statute of limitations is an incredibly important topic in law, not just for foreclosure defense, but for any type of civil litigation. Foreclosure defense attorneys and pro se litigants alike need to keep the statute of limitations in mind anytime they deal with a legal matter.
The statute of limitations set a deadline on which claimants can bring certain types of suits. The purpose of this is fairness; potential defendants should not be subject to legal claims that happened a long time ago. The statute of limitations requires claimants to pursue these claims before the end of these deadlines, or forever be barred from bringing them.
In Massachusetts, the statute of limitations is found in G.L. c. 260. Some of the important ones, for foreclosure defense, are:
- Consumer Protection Actions: 4 years
- Breach of Contract Claims: 6 years
- Torts: 3 years
Generally, the statute of limitation begins when the cause of action arises. While this can sometimes be uncertain, the important thing to remember is that one should not wait in pursuing a legal claim. | <urn:uuid:4482bec2-26ce-4249-b533-f70c6dc42f33> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sherwinlawfirm.com/practice-pointers-know-your-statute-of/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.89479 | 227 | 1.992188 | 2 |
This activity is closed to further registration.
Each class provides developmentally appropriate musical activities designed to stimulate your child?s imaginations, musicality, and improve their increasing vocabulary. We?ll sing songs and use many instruments, drums, shakers, bells, stick horses, scarves, rhythm sticks and hoops to build your child?s confidence, independence, self-expression and gross motor coordination. Experience the joy with your child! Every session is filled with new songs and activities.
Classroom 205-MSRC at Main Street Recreation Center
Glen Ellyn Park District | <urn:uuid:55039479-a3d7-4387-86ec-cf5307809c76> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.activekids.com/glen-ellyn-il/music/classes/musicreators-sing-with-me-2016-24574001 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00127-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9062 | 117 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Thursday, January 27, 2011
An Eerie Little Fairy Tale on the 'Cottingley Fairies'
A Compelling fantasy drama loosely inspired by the famous “Cottingley Fairies” incident of 1917 which even attracted the attention of the Great Arthur Conan Doyle, this beautifully photographed movie is actually based more on Steve Szilagyi’s best selling book of the same name.
Set in post-war Britain of the 1920's when believing in fairies nearly reached mass hysteria and respectability following the discovery of the “Cottingley Fairies”; it revolves around young photographer Toby Castle (Die Another Day's Toby Stephens) who returns to England heartbroken after losing his new bride down a crevasse on the first day of their honeymoon in the Alps.
He returns home cynical and dismissive, despite living in the same society where new ideas about the after-life and spirituality are seeping into the mainstream. His views soon change though when he meets the mysterious Beatrice Templeton (Frances Barber) who shows him a photograph of her daughters playing with fairies.
Toby is soon convinced that they are indeed real after seeing them for himself and he sees a way in which he can be re-united with his lost love. This view isn't supported by Beatrice's religious husband (played with aplomb by Ben Kingsley), a manic fundamentalist preacher whose less than tolerant attitude ultimately leads to violence.
Winner of the 1998 Méliès d'Or award, Nick Willing’s “Photographing Fairies” is a rather serene film touching on many themes: grief, love, despair and afterlife while also exploring Edwardian society’s interest in supernatural possibilities outside the established realm of those days. Accompanied by a wonderful score, this is a little known British gem that you may never catch on TV.
Incidentally, this is one of the 2 movies that were made based on the “Cottingley Fairies”, the other being 1998’s “Fairy Tale: A True Story” – a more factual narrative starring Peter O'Toole and Harvey Keitel.
Friday, January 21, 2011
We're all capable of Lateral Thinking – of thinking sideways, yet still having the natural ability to understand, or to make the mental leap between what is being said and what is being implied.
Yesterday, I watched an old episode of “Only Fools and Horses”, a popular British TV sitcom that ran between 1981 to 1991 and even upto the early 2000’s. What I'm getting at is the genius of scriptwriters like John Sullivan, who anticipates an audience's response before conjuring up something brilliant. With “Only Fools and Horses”, he decided that forever and a day the character 'Trigger' would get his best mate's name wrong, without exception. What an indisputably splendid bit of audience understanding to include such a detail.
So why do we love this kind of lateral thinking? Probably because we welcome humor more if we've got a bit of work to do to 'get the gag'. It's more rewarding.
The point is, Creatives (blokes like me who in the creative industry) bang on about being lateral thinkers... but ask them to explain what lateral thinking is.
For me the best analogy is a joke – 'a man walks into a bar... BANG, it was a lead bar' – Okay, so it's a crap joke, but let's face it, in a split second you probably envisaged that man, saw his face, his clothes, where he was, and you had in mind a particular guy with an open door. Yet you were thrown sideways by the punch line, and the bar in question conjured up a completely different picture in your mind – a solid piece of lead piping, with the same guy's face now wedged up against it.
The fact that, to a greater or lesser degree, we can all consciously make this sort of leap sideways allows us to take what can only be described as the 'scenic route' to a concept. Getting there is 75% of the reward. And the ability to take an even more oblique route is perhaps the difference between a great idea and a bloody extraordinary idea.
To be too obtuse in one's communications is, of course, counter-productive. The more oblique the route, the more likely it is you're going to get lost. Equally, to generate a formula (or road map) for this kind of thinking is clearly impossible. So to make sure we come up with bloody fantastic ideas more often than not, the answer is simply to have an alternative approach, to think in a way that explores all the routes around and between concepts.
And anyway, this kind of lateral approach is much more fun than always going in a fixed direction. So, are you thinking now?
P.S: If Lateral Thinking interests you, read Edward de Bono's "New Think: The Use of Lateral Thinking", "Parallel Thinking: From Socratic thinking to de Bono Thinking" and "Six Thinking Hats: An Essential Approach to Business Management". All the 3 books are a great read and proof why de Bono is perhaps considered one of the greatest thinkers of all time!
Monday, January 17, 2011
Pop Rock Hits from 15 Best Female Vocalists (That I Can Think of Now)
My first Music post for the New Year and what better way to celebrate than a smashing collection of 15 awesome songs from 15 best female vocalists that I can think of (now)- including personal favorites like Sarah McLachlan, Lene Marlin, Beth Orton and Michelle Branch. 2 Things to do now - click the download button, enjoy!
1. Adrienne Pierce - Downside Of Love (3:20)
2. Aimee Mann - Thirity One Today (4:52)
3. Beth Orton - Thinking About Tomorrow (6:40)
4. Jane Wiedlin - Blue Kiss (3:28)
5. Lene Marlin - Another Day (4:07)
6. Lucy Woodward - What's Good For Me (3:59)
7. Melissa Etheridge - Come To My Window (3:57)
8. Michelle Branch - Goodbye To You (4:11)
9. Mieka Pauley - (Prologue) All The Same Mistakes (4:19)
10. Minnie Driver - Down (4:36)
11. Sarah Bettens - Stay (3:17)
12. Sarah Mc Lachlan - Sweet Surrender (3:59)
13. Serena Ryder - All For Love (3:58)
14. Sheryl Crow - Love Is All There Is (4:01)
15. Adele - Chasing Pavements (3:31)
Free MP3 Download – Zipped Folder - 78.43 MB – Megaupload link
THIS IS A NON-COMMERCIAL FAN MIXTAPE. IF YOU LIKE THESE ARTISTS, PLEASE BUY THEIR ORIGINAL MUSIC & PROMOTE THEM
Sunday, January 9, 2011
How You Can Stop The Downturn
Today I had one of my smallest US clients default on the payment. And he had the American recession and his house mortgage to blame. With a brand new year just beginning, it felt really terrible.
Recession just like Residential Prices, I am reliably informed by a friend who works for one of the United States’ largest realty advisory – depend on four crucial factors: general employment, household incomes, interest rates and consumer confidence.
Okay, so there’s nothing too startling here or that you didn’t already knew. But let’s take a look at the detail.
Clearly, the first three of these key factors can be quantified, even predicted. But the problem my pal and his colleagues have is that consumer confidence is intangible, it’s indefinable, unquantifiable and in total too slippery for its own good. Property ‘experts’ like him are always having the rug pulled from under their feet by that fickle-minded beast, shopper confidence. Sure, the realty market is still on the up in most areas of the country, but it’s slowing down or stabilizing.
It’s not just the real estate market that relies on consumer confidence, of course. The whole economy relies on confidence.
If one thing’s for sure, confidence is not simple to forecast. We rely on it, yet we can never be sure of where it’s heading. And we have only a very fuzzy understanding of what influences it, what makes it go up or go down. Something we think should be seen as hugely positive news might not have the desired effect on the population, and something else that’s apparently catastrophic might not be given much credence by the economy.
So here’s a practical thought for all of you.
Why do we all fall into the trap of running down the economy just because someone else tells us they've heard there is a downturn, that there are no more jobs or that the economy’s slowing down? Even if there is indeed a recession, why do we allow ourselves to be swayed by unnecessary despair? Nothing more than an insecure feeling that perhaps we should all avoid spending our money right now? Nothing more than a failure to take a little risk now and then!
For God’s sake, we all need to snap out of it! It’s precisely because people like you (and me) are choosing the ‘safe’ route and not spending our money that the whole economy is threatened with slowdown! If you don’t spend your money, the person who would have got it won’t spend his either, and so it goes on, down the food chain of the entire economy.
So…the solution has to be that the chap at the top of the food chain needs to spend his money, and that way it will trickle down to the guy at the bottom, with everyone becoming more and more confident as the flow of cash continues.
So come on all you big transnationals, all you large companies who ought to know better, get your cheque books out and get the economy going again.
And let’s stop talking so damningly about the economy, no matter which country you live in. It’s happening right now, in hotel lounges, bars and pubs, newspapers, magazines, blogs, up and down at all nations (or at least most of them) across the world. And it’s something we've all got to stop.
Or else, if the economy really does slow down to the point of shrinking, we've only got ourselves to blame, myself included. So, let’s change the lingo “The economy’s booming”. Pass it on!!!
Wednesday, January 5, 2011
An Academic Black Teen Comedy!
Two first-year college students have to resort to desperate actions to get through their degree course. An unfathomable loophole in the University rules might help them get through. Josh is discovering that the first year of college can be tough. It doesn't matter if you're a straight A high school student, college is a different ball game all together.
The tough part about college isn't the academic work, but rather the road to excess and over-indulgence, and actually having too much fun.
When his grades fall rapidly and the end of the semester looms, Josh has to come up with a plan to salvage his grade average and his scholarship.His roommate is in the same quandary, and together they find out an antiquated rule (pass by catastrophe) in the college charter, which, plainly put, says that any student dying while studying at the college automatically receives a straight A average grade.
So, how to die and get the grade and still live anyway? Simple, get someone else to die in you place. Bizarre subject matter for a dumb comedy, maybe, but with some amusing moments in a black sense, “Dead Man On Campus” sets off to tackle the college movie in a different and weirdly instructive manner.
Tom Everett Scott, recognizable from his hit role in the Tom Hanks directed flick "That Thing You Do", plays Josh, who gets to the celebrated Daleman College on a scholarship, only to find that more fascinating activities flourish outside the lecture rooms. In a panic, he resorts to frantic measures to preserve his exceptional academic standing.
Mark-Paul Gosselaar, known in the US for his television role as Zack Morris in "Saved By The Bell", is Cooper. Cooper is a blue-blood, rich guy, with a weakness for the lavish and luxurious life. Initially a mismatch for Josh's average background, he becomes a cohort in Josh's criminal plan.
The two advertise for a room-mate, intending to somehow get this roommate to die - the rest is obvious. Or is it? Watch it and you'll know. | <urn:uuid:45424068-22a9-413c-8d2a-fac53b67d18b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.websnackerblog.com/2011_01_01_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00133-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949216 | 2,746 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Covid itself is not to blame for the mysterious outbreak of hepatitis affecting children around the world, researchers insisted today.
However, pandemic-era lockdowns may have played a role.
Scientists today identified a usually harmless virus as the main culprit behind the unusual liver disease which has sickened 200 young people in the UK and left a dozen in need of transplants.
Two separate studies have concluded that adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) appears to play a “significant role”.
The virus, which does not normally cause illness, infects most Britons by the age of 10.
But AAV2 cannot replicate without a “helper” pathogen, such as an adenovirus – which usually only causes cold symptoms. Adenoviruses increased alongside the hepatitis cluster, which experts say is due to children having lower immunity as they returned to pre-pandemic mix levels.
Therefore, a team of academics supported by the UK Health Security Agency believe that dual infection with these two viruses may offer the best explanation for the outbreak.
Until now, scientists have been puzzled over the root cause of the disease, with theories blaming Covid itself or even a mutation in a strain of adenovirus.
Q&A: What is the mysterious global hepatitis epidemic and what is behind it?
What is hepatitis?
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that is usually caused by a viral infection or liver damage caused by alcohol consumption.
Some cases resolve on their own with no lingering problems, but a fraction can be fatal, requiring patients to need liver transplants to survive.
What are the symptoms?
People with hepatitis typically experience fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dark urine, pale stools, and joint pain.
They can also suffer from jaundice – when the skin and the whites of the eyes turn yellow.
Why are experts concerned?
Hepatitis is generally rare in children, but experts have already spotted more cases in the current outbreak than they would normally expect in a year.
The cases are of “unknown origin” and are also serious, according to the World Health Organization.
What are the best theories?
Adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2)
Two separate UK studies, involving dozens of children across the country, found that adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) appears to cause hepatitis.
The virus, which does not normally make people sick, often accompanies an infection with a flu-like adenovirus.
British experts investigating the wave of illness believe the endless cycle of lockdowns may have played a contributing role.
The restrictions may have weakened children’s immunity due to reduced social mixing, leaving them at increased risk of adenovirus.
This means that even the “normal” adenovirus could be the cause of the serious consequences, because children do not react to it as they did in the past.
Other scientists said it may have been the adenovirus that had acquired “unusual mutations”.
This would mean that it might be more transmissible or better able to circumvent children’s natural immunity.
Overall, the two studies, which looked at dozens of children across the UK, found that 96% of children with unexplained hepatitis had ‘high levels’ of AAV2.
By comparison, only 4% of healthy young people tested positive for AAV2 and at much lower levels.
Dr Antonia Ho, lead author of the studies, said the Covid lockdowns and restrictions have led to “very reduced circulation of seasonal viruses”.
A “balance” needs to be restored now that young people are mixing in a pre-pandemic fashion, which has led to “different types of circulation” of viruses, she said.
People with this strange disease are mostly children under the age of five who initially suffer from diarrhoea, vomiting and stomach pain, followed by jaundice – the yellowing of the skin.
Some were then hospitalized for liver inflammation one to 11 weeks later, 40% of whom are admitted to intensive care.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has reported at least 1,010 cases in 35 countries. Nearly 50 people have required liver transplants worldwide and 22 have died.
The preprints, which have not yet been peer-reviewed but are published on the MedRxiv website, suggest that AAV2 is involved in the hepatitis epidemic.
The first study, led by the MRC-University of Glasgow Center for Virus Research (CVR), looked at nine children, aged four on average, with hepatitis in Scotland.
They were all hospitalized between March 14 and April 4 and remained in NHS care for an average of 10 days. None required a liver transplant.
Their DNA was extracted from blood, liver, stool and throat samples and the results were compared to those of 58 healthy young people.
AAV2 was detected in all nine hepatitis patients but in none of the control groups.
In a separate analysis, the researchers looked at the genetics of patients with hepatitis.
They detected that almost nine out of 10 young people with hepatitis (89%) had the human leukocyte antigen gene, compared to less than two out of 10 (16%) in the general population.
This finding may offer another part of the answer as to why some children became seriously ill, the team said.
Professor Emma Thomson, Clinical Professor and Infectious Diseases Consultant at CVR and lead author of the Scottish study, explained: ‘The gene itself is important because it codes for a receptor that presents viruses or other pathogens to the immune system.
“And so that suggests there may be a link to an immune-mediated cause of virus-triggered hepatitis.”
However, she said more studies were needed to confirm this gene was involved.
The second study, led by Great Ormond Street Hospital (GOSH) and the UK Health Security Agency, involved 28 children with hepatitis in Britain.
Their analysis included liver samples from five children who needed transplants and blood samples from other youngsters who did not.
Almost all of the children tested positive for AAV2. By comparison, AAV2 was present ‘very rarely’ outside of this group – in just 6% of healthy children and at ‘much lower levels’.
And sequencing of liver samples showed that AAV2 was present and had spread through the organ.
Both studies excluded that a recent or previous Covid infection caused hepatitis.
Tests showed that only two-thirds of people with hepatitis had Covid antibodies – similar to the prevalence in Scottish children at the time – and the virus was not present in any of the liver samples. None of the young people had had a Covid vaccine.
Researchers still don’t know why the hepatitis outbreak is happening now.
However, they said a spike in adenovirus infections in the general population after the shutdowns “may have contributed to this”.
Scientists have long warned that the Covid curbs in place to stop the spread of the virus have also prevented other infections from circulating in the population, leaving people with weaker immunity to them.
Professor Thomson said AAV2 itself could be the cause, or it could work as a ‘useful biomarker’ of recent adenovirus infection, which could be behind the hepatitis cases .
She said: “Many unanswered questions remain and larger studies are urgently needed to investigate the role of AAV2 in pediatric hepatitis.
“We also need to know more about the seasonal circulation of AAV2, a virus that is not routinely monitored – a peak in adenovirus infection may have coincided with a peak in AAV2 exposure , leading to an unusual manifestation of hepatitis in susceptible young children.’
Professor Judy Breuer, a virologist at GOSH, said the results may “reassure parents concerned about Covid as none of the teams found a direct link to SARS-CoV-2 infection”.
“Our data, however, indicate that AAV2 in the liver and/or blood of cases is the most potent biomarker of hepatitis,” she added. | <urn:uuid:4045b03a-7e0d-4396-b82b-8c0edc2f7568> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://biznisnova.com/index.php/2022/07/25/scientists-find-culprit-behind-childhood-hepatitis-outbreak-combination-of-two-usually-harmless-viruses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.965627 | 1,731 | 3.46875 | 3 |
After 116 years, Greenbaum's Quilted Forest going out of business
After 116 years of operations, Greenbaum's Quilted Forest in downtown Salem is going out of business.
Owners Sylvia and Bill Dorney, who have owned and operated the store more than 37 years, announced Thursday they starting storewide sales and shutting the doors for good by August 31 on their historic downtown business.
The store, a third generation business passed down to Sylvia Dorney in 1988, is one of the oldest businesses in downtown Salem. It opened as a dry goods store in 1900, and was listed as one of the top 20 quilt shops in the U.S. and Canada by Better Homes & Gardens magazine in 2007.
The news comes after the Dorneys spent nearly two years trying to find a new owner for the store. The family put the business up for sale in late July 2014, after their Portland-based daughter, Megan Caldwell, turned down an offer to become the fourth generation to run the store.
The couple offered to advise potential owners during the transition, but were unable to find a buyer.
Sylvia and Bill Dorney, 67 and 72, said they plan on retiring and spending more time in the Portland area, with their daughter's family.
The business closeout starts on June 24, followed by 10 days of 15 percent off purchases, game prizes and product demonstrations.
firstname.lastname@example.org; 503-399-6802 or follow on Twitter at @JunnelleH | <urn:uuid:1a5991c7-e9a0-400b-bc1f-f635447e6bd3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.statesmanjournal.com/story/news/2016/06/16/after-116-years-greenbaums-quilted-forest-going-out-business/85992412/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.977424 | 312 | 1.59375 | 2 |
The Secretary General of the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), Dr. Sanusi Barkindo, has said that fossil fuels Renewable Energy sources must coexist in order to meet entire energy needed of the world.
Speaking at OPEC first Ministerial Roundable on Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development, Dr. Sanusi Barkindo, advocated that renewable energy sources and fossil fuels should coexist.
Barkindo decried the widening dichotomy between opposition to fossil fuels and renewable energy sources that both are indispensable. He stated that the public discourse around the issue often seem to be reduced to the question of who is for or against hydrocarbons.
Describing it as the ultimate false dichotomy, the OPEC helmsman stated that this line of thought erroneously limits what options are available, stressing that the solutions require more comprehensiveness.
“No-one should be left behind. All voices need to be heard and listened to. We all share this planet. We need multilateralism at the centre of our energy, climate and sustainable development future,” he insisted.
He added that OPEC has continuously been promoting both sustainable development and efforts to combat climate change, with a focus on the need to utilise all solutions to reduce greenhouse emissions and adapt to their impact, and at the same time ensure energy access for all.
“I have witnessed energy poverty first-hand in my home continent of Africa, where more than 600 million people have little or no access to electricity and 900 million lack safe and clean cooking fuels.
“Global leaders need to be reminded that for billions, the day does not start by switching on a light, opening a refrigerator or turning the ignition on a car. Access to affordable and reliable modern energy is a must for everyone.
“There are some who believe the oil and gas industries should not be part of the energy future, that they should be consigned to the past, and that the future is one that can be dominated by renewables and electric vehicles. We need to counter this evolving narrative,” he explained.
He argued that what the science and statistics of the energy sector is saying is that the world needs to reduce emissions and use energy more efficiently through innovation in developing cleaner and more efficient technological solutions to help reduce emissions.
He stressed that for instance, Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage (CCUS) as well as the promotion of the Circular Carbon Economy (CCE) could improve overall environmental performance, rather than the call to jettison fossil fuels all together.
“In order not to render countries already struggling even more besieged, it is necessary to carefully consider the adverse socio-economic impacts on these countries due to mitigation activities, in order to identify remediation measures and share best practices.
“In this regard, financing is critical to reach any climate targets set in developing countries’ nationally determined contributions (NDCs). There has been a lot of talk about finance issues from developed countries, but so far, a disappointing amount of pledges have been realised,” he added.
Barkindo called on proponents of wholesale energy transition to note that COVID-19 has made circumstances more difficult for oil-producing developing countries, which already face devastating losses that could accompany mitigation and adaptation action.
“Oil and gas development and the environment have often been seen as the antithesis of one another, and yet as we all know this is not the case. The two can go hand-in-hand,” he argued. | <urn:uuid:d0a00535-1987-4872-b9fe-58739a820503> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://financialenergyreview.com/2021/09/08/opec-fossil-fuels-renewable-energy-sources-must-coexist-barkindo/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.950941 | 722 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Fruit Kicking Cancer's Butt
Scientists in Italy have developed a strain of tomato said to have enhanced cancer fighting properties. Combining the anti-inflammatory properties of the San Marzano tomato and the high antioxidant levels of the Black tomato, researchers hope the new strain will not only prevent cancer, but also Parkinson's disease and cardiovascular issues. It is currently being marketed at Italian pizzaioli. Cancer-fighting pizza? Sounds good to us.
Meanwhile, scientists at the University of Florida have been putting papaya to work. Inspired by folk medicine traditions in Australia and Asia, they injected an extract made from dried papaya leaves into cancerous cells. The "papaya leaf tea" boosted immune systems without harming healthy cells, which is a common side effect of traditional treatments.
That's what fruit's been up to. What have you done lately to fight cancer, huh?
[both via Coldmud] | <urn:uuid:a8482987-aeb8-4fcf-a0f1-1bab32ae5ca5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.eatmedaily.com/2010/03/fruit-kicking-cancers-butt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00557-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952754 | 186 | 2.359375 | 2 |
No, food trucks are not considered commercial kitchens in the United States. A commercial kitchen is more or less located inside a brick and mortar structure (a building) which incorporates cooking stations and appropriate equipment to operate the station. Commercial kitchens typically include much larger spaces (stations) than traditional residential kitchens.
Most major cities will have clear laws and regulations for food trucks. But because food trucks are a relatively new concept, some small cities and suburban areas may not have created their own laws yet. But, one of the main disadvantages of opening a food truck is the lack of space for storage and food prep. So, many food truck operators in the United States are mandated by law to seek commissary kitchens or rent a commercial kitchen.
Table of Content
- What is a Commissary kitchen?
- How to Rent a Commercial Kitchen in 5 Steps
What is a Commissary kitchen?
A commissary kitchen is a commercial kitchen that is used to conduct the necessary food operations for a food truck, mobile catering, food tent, kiosk, food cart or concession trailers. Food operations include prep, cooking, dishwashing, parking food trucks, filling water supply on truck, draining grey water from truck, storage of raw food supplies and more.
In the United States, some food truck owners use commissaries because they’re convenient—renting space in a commissary where you can cook and prepare your food is more affordable in the short-term than building a functional, up-to-code commercial space of your own.
Other food truck owners make use of commissaries because they’re required to do so by the local city or county health departments. Note that in most cities, you’re not allowed to prepare or store food that you’ll be selling in your home—and some cities won’t even allow you to make food on the truck. Due to local laws and regulations, commissary kitchens are a necessity for some food trucks.
However, it’s imperative to note that renting a commissary kitchen is not a long term fiscal investment for food truckers. Although it could serve as a tool that helps food truckers boost the quality of their food truck or pop-up restaurant, in turn, giving them a better reputation until it becomes more financially advisable to lease their own kitchen. But until then, a commissary kitchen is more or less the best choice for food truckers.
Types of Commercial Kitchens Used By Food Trucks
All commissary kitchens serve almost the same purposes: Rented space to a chef who needs more room or equipment to prepare their food. Nonetheless, there are different types of commissary kitchens to choose from to help each chef attain their specific needs.
1. Private Commercial Kitchen
As a food trucker in the United States, if you’re looking for a little more control and ownership over your kitchen space, you may have to consider a private commissary. Although a private commercial kitchen space costs more than a shared one, you won’t have to work around anyone else’s schedule and you’ll always have all of the equipment and storage space to yourself.
Also note that you won’t have to bother about working in a space that is littered with equipment and ingredients that you don’t need or can’t use. So if you plan or you already own more than one truck, a catering business, or expanding to a brick and mortar restaurant, a private commercial kitchen is the ideal option.
Most new entrants in the food truck industry start out with shared space in a commercial kitchen. Have it in mind that with a shared space commissary, you and several other food truck owners, caterers, or chefs will all have access to the same group kitchen.
Generally, shared commissary spaces are less expensive than having your own private space, making them ideal for new business owners who are just entering the industry and looking to keep their costs down. However, you will be expected to coordinate your schedule with everyone else who is sharing the space so that you don’t double-book the kitchen.
3. Rented Space in an Existing Restaurant’s Kitchen
Coupled with renting a shared or private space in a licensed commercial kitchen, a food trucker can also rent a kitchen from some existing brick and mortar restaurants in their area.
Note that some restaurant owners are open to renting out their kitchens during hours when the establishment is closed in order to make a little extra cash. With this option, a Food trucker can cut down on commissary costs and to enjoy access to a full range of licensed, professional kitchen equipment.
4. Other Certified Commercial Kitchens
Also note that some food truck owners tend to rent space from other local certified commercial kitchens like churches, public and private schools, hotels, retirement homes, and cooking schools.
Some of these organizations in the United States have regularly inspected, fully certified commercial kitchen spaces in their buildings—and they are open to renting them to a Food trucker at an affordable cost or in exchange for a favour such as an agreement to provide future catering services.
How to Rent a Commercial Kitchen in 5 Steps
If renting a commercial kitchen seems to be the ideal choice for you, you will have to take your time to find the right kitchen for your cooking and storage needs. Here are few steps that go into renting a good commercial kitchen from initial planning and research to booking time slots, renting, and signing contracts.
1. Know your kitchen needs
You first have to understand that various commercial kitchens offer different amenities and cater to different needs of chefs. So before researching the ideal commercial kitchen for your food truck business, it’s advisable you make a list of everything you’re hoping to get out of renting preparation and storage space.
Note that if you require somewhere not as spacious or high-tech, you don’t have to overpay for a commercial kitchen that’s more than you need. Also, if you want a more upscale commercial kitchen, you don’t want to sign a contract for a kitchen only to discover later that it doesn’t have all the things you require.
Take your time to consider what equipment you’ll need, and how much preparation space you’re seeking, how much storage space you’ll need and if that storage has any specific requirements, and even how much help you’ll want or need if staff help is available or you need room for more than one cook. Also note that knowing your specific requirements will help narrow down your search and find the right commissary kitchen faster.
2. Begin your search
After you must have analyzed all your preferences and written them down on a checklist, you can begin your search for commercial kitchens in the surrounding area you’re looking to prepare and store your food. Also note that you can narrow down your search even further by filtering through not just the commercial kitchens that fulfil your cooking needs, but the ones in convenient locations for you.
Immediately you find your best option or options, you can then start comparing prices to find the one that best suits your budget. This is also a good time to ask further questions or about any extra perks than can help sway your choice, like classes, demos, company culture, etc.
3. Time slot availability
Remember to consider the exact time you want to use the commercial when conducting your search. Analyze and know the time of day you’re planning to prep food and how many hours this will take. Also note that it can help narrow your options if time slots are only available to your preference in one of your final options.
5. Sign the contract
Finally, after you must have found the commissary kitchen of your dreams and decided when and how long you’ll use it, it’s time to sign the contract and start prepping.
Food Trucks are not generally considered commercial kitchens in the United States. Most areas in the United States have regulations that prevent the preparation of food in trucks. Howbeit, food truck chefs need a place to prepare food before selling it from the truck. | <urn:uuid:d03cfe19-1aef-447f-a146-22600cb9679c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.profitableventure.com/food-trucks-commercial-kitchens/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.951051 | 1,691 | 2.140625 | 2 |
How many shuttles exploded?Asked by: Rico Schowalter
Score: 4.7/5 (9 votes)
How many space shuttles were there? Six space shuttles were built, but only five ever flew in space. Enterprise: The first space shuttle never launched, but was used for atmospheric flight tests after being released from the back of a Boeing 747.
How many space shuttles have been destroyed?
Two orbiters have been destroyed and their two crews of seven astronauts have died in accidents: Challenger during launch in 1986 and Columbia during reentry in 2003.
Have any space shuttles exploded?
STS-107: Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster
The shuttle broke up catastrophically on February 1, 2003, killing all aboard. The disintegration of the space shuttle Columbia on February 1, 2003, as it reentered the atmosphere was another of the most traumatic accidents in the history of space expedition.
Did they recover the bodies of the Challenger crew?
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration said today that it had recovered remains of each of the seven Challenger astronauts and had finished its operations to retrieve the wreckage of the space shuttle's crew compartment from the ocean floor.
Were any of the Columbia crew recovered?
The remains of all seven astronauts who were killed in the space shuttle Columbia tragedy have been recovered, US officials said last night. ... The shuttle was travelling at 18 times the speed of sound, 39 miles above Texas, when disaster struck.
Shuttle Challenger Explosion [New Copy Found; Better Quality]
What was the first thing to touch the moon?
The first human-made object to touch the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2, on 13 September 1959. The United States' Apollo 11 was the first crewed mission to land on the Moon, on 20 July 1969.
Did NASA know Columbia was doomed?
Wayne Hale, who later became space shuttle program manager, struggled with this question after the deaths of the Columbia crew 10 years ago. ... The dilemma for mission managers is that they simply didn't know if the space shuttle was damaged. The doomed astronauts were not told of the risk.
How many people have died in space?
As of 2020, there have been 15 astronaut and 4 cosmonaut fatalities during spaceflight. Astronauts have also died while training for space missions, such as the Apollo 1 launch pad fire which killed an entire crew of three. There have also been some non-astronaut fatalities during spaceflight-related activities.
Has anyone been lost in space?
A total of 18 people have lost their lives either while in space or in preparation for a space mission, in four separate incidents. Given the risks involved in space flight, this number is surprisingly low. ... The remaining four fatalities during spaceflight were all cosmonauts from the Soviet Union.
Did Apollo 23 explode?
Rocket. Apollo 23 was an aborted mission as the Saturn V was destroyed before launch on August 24, 1974 in an explosion that killed 12 NASA staff, including Gene Kranz.
How much do astronauts get paid?
Astronauts are paid according to the federal government's General Schedule pay scale, and they can fall on the GS-11 through GS-14 pay grades. The pay grade is based on an astronaut's academic achievements and experience. The starting salary for GS-11 employees is $53,805.
What percentage of space shuttles blew up?
A NASA study concluded the chance of a failure on the shuttle's first launch was one in 12, or 8.3 percent. Some of the other early launches were deemed even riskier, about 10 percent, according to the study.
How many shuttles did NASA lose?
Four fully operational orbiters were initially built: Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, and Atlantis. Of these, two were lost in mission accidents: Challenger in 1986 and Columbia in 2003, with a total of 14 astronauts killed.
Did the Columbia astronauts suffer?
Seat restraints, pressure suits and helmets of the doomed crew of the space shuttle Columbia didn't work well, leading to "lethal trauma" as the out-of-control ship lost pressure and broke apart, killing all seven astronauts, a new NASA report says.
What killed the Columbia astronauts?
Streaks of burning debris from the U.S. space shuttle orbiter Columbia as it broke up over Texas on February 1, 2003. The accident killed all seven astronauts aboard the craft.
Which shuttle broke up on reentry?
It has now been 18 years since the loss of Space Shuttle Columbia. The orbiter vehicle broke upon re-entry into the earth's atmosphere as it was completing its 28th mission.
What did we leave on the Moon?
Besides the 2019 Chinese rover Yutu-2, the only artificial objects on the Moon that are still in use are the retroreflectors for the lunar laser ranging experiments left there by the Apollo 11, 14, and 15 astronauts, and by the Soviet Union's Lunokhod 1 and Lunokhod 2 missions.
What was found on the Moon?
NASA has discovered water on the sunlit surface of the moon, scientists said Monday, a finding that could help in efforts to establish a permanent human presence on the lunar surface. ... Water ice has been found on the moon before, in the coldest, darkest regions at the north and south poles.
Who was the second person to walk on the Moon?
Aldrin set foot on the Moon at 03:15:16 on July 21, 1969 (UTC), nineteen minutes after Armstrong first touched the surface. Armstrong and Aldrin became the first and second people, respectively, to walk on the Moon.
Who is the oldest American to go into space?
Glenn, who, in 1962 became the first American to orbit Earth as well as the third American in space as part of NASA's Project Mercury, became the oldest person to reach space in 1998. At the age of 77, he flew to space as a payload specialist with NASA's space shuttle mission STS-95 aboard the shuttle Discovery.
Were any human remains found from space shuttle Columbia?
Remains of some of the seven astronauts who died when the space shuttle Columbia disintegrated on Saturday have been recovered, NASA said on Sunday evening. The body parts were located in north-eastern Texas, where much of the debris from Columbia has fallen.
How high did the challenger get before exploding?
The orbiter, at an altitude of 46,000 feet (14 km), was broken into several large pieces from high aerodynamic forces as it traveled at Mach 1.92.
What were the last words of the Challenger crew?
Previously, the last known words from the Challenger were those heard from Commander Dick Scobee to ground controllers, when he responded ″Roger, go at throttle up,″ confirming that the shuttle's main engines had been raised to full power. | <urn:uuid:0403b648-909e-48cd-9c48-268e7b9e8c4e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://moviecultists.com/how-many-shuttles-exploded | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.972022 | 1,430 | 2.59375 | 3 |
- ART MEETS SCIENCE AS UWE SCOOPS TOP DTI PRIZE - 17/12/2003
The art world is now an even more colourful place thanks to a prize-winning project linking the University of the West of England and artists’ suppliers Cranfield Colours Printing Inks.
- NEW TREND IN DOCUMENTARY EXAMINED AT VISIBLE EVIDENCE XI - 12/12/2003
Bristol Docs a new initiative for teaching, research and professional studies in documentary media forms, will be launched at Visible Evidence XI, an international conference on documentary on 16 December 2003. Bristol Docs is a partnership between the University of the West of England and the University of Bristol in collaboration with the Watershed Media Centre.
- TUITION FEES: A SOLUTION FOR PRIME MINISTER AND REBELS? - 11/12/2003
Embargo 12 midnight Thursday 11 December
Alfred Morris, the Vice Chancellor of the University of the West of England, one of the UK’s leading new universities, has written to the Prime Minister proposing an alternative which might reconcile him with back bench critics of existing proposals.
- WIN A FREE PLACE ON A PRESTIGIOUS ANIMATION COURSE AT UWE - 10/12/2003
UWE launches unique competition for budding animators
Storyboarding competition 2004
Budding animators are being given the chance to win a place on a three month animation course by taking part in a unique competition launched by The Bristol School of Animation at the University of the West of England.
- VISIBLE EVIDENCE X1 - CONFERENCE ANNOUNCEMENT - 10/12/2003
The eleventh edition of ‘Visible Evidence’ takes place in Bristol, 15-19 December 2003, hosted by Bristol Docs and the School of Cultural Studies at UWE, and the University of Bristol Department of Drama (Theatre, Film, Television), in association with the Watershed Media Centre.
- UWE ASSISTS MONGOLIA INFANT RESPIRATORY ILLNESS STUDY - 05/12/2003
Two medical doctors from Mongolia are spending nine months at the University of the West/of England (UWE) working on data from a large-scale study into infant diseases and deaths in their country.
- SAFER INKS WIN TOP NATIONAL AWARD - 05/12/2003
User-friendly artists’ inks – developed in partnership between the University of the West of England and Cwmbran based ink manufacturer Cranfield Colours – have just been rated one of the best knowledge transfer programmes in the country. Team members from the company and UWE’s Centre for Fine Print Research will receive their award at a ceremony at the Department of Trade and Industry in London on 9 December.
- DRAWING FELLOWSHIPS APPOINTED AT UWE - 04/12/2003
The Faculty of Art, Media and Design has recently made two important Drawing Fellowship appointments. The first of these is the UWE Fellowship in Drawing funded by the Henry Moore Foundation which has been awarded to Tania Kovats. Tania’s Fellowship will run from September 2003 until August 2005.
- UWE ARCHITECTURE STUDENTS SHOW CUBES DON'T HAVE TO BE SQUARE - 25/11/2003
Personal Recollections – Cubes exhibition
30 November to 11 December 2004
An exhibition of work by budding architect-planners and architectural technologists, from the University of the West of England entitled 'Personal Recollections' takes place in Explore-At-Bristol's foyer from 30 November until 11 December 2003. The exhibition shows work from a project set to all first year Architecture and Planning and Architecture, Technology and Design students to design a 25 cm cube revealing aspects of a place that is meaningful to them.
- A FESTIVAL OF ENGLISH MUSIC - 25/11/2003
Bristol Cathedral, Saturday 29 November at 7.30pm
The orchestra and singers from the University of the West of England will perform A Festival of English Music at Bristol Cathedral on Saturday 29 November at 7.30pm.
- WORKING WONDERS FOR DISADVANTAGED STUDENTS - 24/11/2003
Getting a taste of high-quality work experience can make all the difference to students seeking to make the transition from studying to a graduate-level career. A successful scheme run by the University of the West of England is helping growing numbers of students by finding relevant work experience for them with local big-name employers.
- EXHIBITION OF 2400 HAND-MADE ENAMEL BADGES AT UWE - 21/11/2003
Foyer Gallery – Bower Ashton Campus, Kennel Lodge Road
University of the West of England 29 November to 4 December 2003
An exhibition of enamel badges designed by the ten members of the etc (enamel, textile and ceramic) applied arts research group at the University of the West of England and invited makers from the art world will be on display in the Foyer Gallery at the Bower Ashton Campus from 29 November to 4 December.
- UWE AWARDS HONORARY DEGREE TO SIR DAVID ATTENBOROUGH - 19/11/2003
The University of the West of England will award the honorary degree of Doctor of Science to Sir David Frederick Attenborough CH CVO CBE FRS on Thursday 20 November. The honorary degree will be conferred at the Award Ceremony of the Faculty of Applied Sciences at 11.30am at Bristol Cathedral.
- UWE AWARDS HONORARY DEGREE TO SIR CHRISTOPHER FRAYLING - 17/11/2003
The University of the West of England will award the honorary degree of Doctor of Arts to Professor Sir Christopher John Frayling on Wednesday 19 November. The honorary degree will be conferred at the Award Ceremony of the Faculty of Art, Media and Design at 2.45pm at Bristol Cathedral.
- UWE AWARDS HONORARY DEGREE TO JACK CHALKER - 17/11/2003
The University of the West of England will award the honorary degree of Master of Arts to Jack Bridger Chalker ARCA RWA Hon FMAA on Wednesday 19 November. The honorary degree will be conferred at the Award Ceremony of the Faculty of Art, Media and Design at 11.30am at Bristol Cathedral.
- SHORT TERM SKILLS GAP IN LOCAL AUTHORITY TRANSPORT DELIVERY - 17/11/2003
The Unit for Transport & Society at the University of the West of England has now made available the report of a study carried out earlier this year for the County Surveyors Society. The full title of the study was ‘Implementing Plans for Transport and the Built Environment: Addressing the Short Term Skills Gap in Local Authorities’. The report, based primarily on a survey of CSS members, takes a comprehensive view of issues that local transport authorities in the UK are currently facing and also sets out the various measures which they have taken to address these problems.
- SORTING OUT THE GRRLS FROM THE BOYS - 14/11/2003
UWE at ‘GameCUBE’
Researchers from the University of the West of England have been instrumental in setting a series of Computer Games nights at the CUBE cinema, Kings Square, Bristol.
- UWE AWARDS HONORARY DEGREE TO GEORGE FERGUSON - 12/11/2003
The University of the West of England will award the honorary degree of Doctor of Design to George Robin Paget Ferguson this week. The honorary degree will be conferred at the Award Ceremony of the Faculty of the Built Environment on Friday 14 November at 2.45pm at Bristol Cathedral.
- UWE AWARDS HONORARY DEGREE TO JOHN SAVAGE - 12/11/2003
The University of the West of England will award the honorary degree of Doctor of Education to John Christopher Savage this week. The honorary degree will be conferred at the Award Ceremony of the Faculty of the Built Environment on Thursday 13 November at 2.45pm at Bristol Cathedral.
- UWE AWARDS HONORARY DEGREE TO JOHN BURKE - 12/11/2003
The University of the West of England will award the honorary degree of Doctor of Business Administration to John Joseph Burke DL this week. The honorary degree will be conferred at the Award Ceremony of Bristol Business School on Thursday 13 November at 11.30am at Bristol Cathedral.
- UWE CELEBRATES 150 YEARS OF ART EDUCATION IN BRISTOL - 10/11/2003
This year the Faculty of Art, Media and Design at the University of the West of England celebrates 150 years of Art and Design education in Bristol.
- UWE AWARDS HONORARY DEGREE TO CAROLYN KIRBY - 05/11/2003
The University of the West of England will award the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws to Carolyn Kirby at the award ceremony of the Faculty of Law on 7 November at 6.00pm in Bristol Cathedral. The honorary degree is awarded in recognition of Carolyn Kirby’s achievements, in particular her promotion of equality and diversity as the first woman president of the Law Society, which reflects values consistent with those of the University of the West of England.
- UWE AWARD HONORARY DEGREE TO JAY TIDMARSH - 05/11/2003
The University of the West of England will award an honorary degree to James Napier Tidmarsch MBE JP KStJ at Bristol Cathedral this week.
- 'APPEARANCE MATTERS' - 03/11/2003
3 December 2003, The Watershed Media Centre, Bristol
Appearance Matters is a one day conference organised by the Centre for Appearance Research (CAR), of the University of the West of England in collaboration with the UK charity Changing Faces and supported by the Health Foundation (previously known as the PPP Foundation).
- UWE AWARDS HONORARY DEGREE TO DENNIS ALEXANDER - 03/11/2003
The University of the West of England will award the honorary degree of Master of Arts to Dennis Alexander this week. The honorary degree will be conferred at the Award Ceremony of the Faculty of Humanities Languages and Social Science on 5 November at 11.30am at Bristol Cathedral.
- BOOK AIMS TO IMPROVE CANCER SERVICES BY INVOLVING PATIENTS - 31/10/2003
A new book, Improving Cancer Services through patient involvement is being published at the end of October by Radcliffe Medical Press.
- GLOBAL WARMING 'ON THE BUSES' IN BRISTOL - 30/10/2003
On 4 November 2003 an unusual and eye-catching poster will appear on the outside of the city’s buses.
The poster has been designed by the Graphic Science Unit at the University of the West of England to help draw attention to some of the key issues that cause greenhouse gas emissions and lead to global warming. The aim is to encourage local people to have their say on ways to tackle the problem in Bristol.
- POLICE TOBACCONISTS TO PREVENT TEENAGE SMOKING - 30/10/2003
Tobacco: Problems & Responses
An International Conference
The Watershed, Friday, November 28, 2003
Martin Plant, Professor of Addiction Studies in the University of the West of England, will be speaking at Tobacco: Problems and Challenges, an international conference organised by the University on 28 November 2003. He said: “Teenage smoking will lead to massive health problems for the next generation. Young girls are more likely to smoke than are boys. Health promotion is important, but this alone is unlikely to curb cigarette smoking among the very young. We need to police tobacconists and other retailers and to impose heavy penalties on those selling tobacco to underage children and adolescents if we are to attack this problem head on. Tobacconists should lose their right to sell tobacco if they flout the law in this way. Effective controls will take tighter and better organised law enforcement. Tobacco is the biggest avoidable health haz
- UWE MARKETEER SECURES UNIQUE LINK WITH TOP CREATIVE AGENCY - 27/10/2003
Dr Alan Tapp, a scientist and marketing research expert from Bristol Business School at the University of the West of England has entered into a unique research partnership with the UK’s most successful Direct Marketing Agency, Harrison Troughton Wunderman (HTW). The intention is to establish a long term relationship that is independent of any one project. Work has already begun on research to investigate the monetary value of award winning creative marketing.
- ‘BOAT PEOPLE’ HELP REGENERATE VIETNAM - 23/10/2003
Rapid economic growth is transforming Vietnam which, like China, has opened up to outside influences over the past fifteen years. Vietnam’s policy of ‘renovation’, allowing people to own property and run their own businesses, has led to a boom in new privately owned businesses, according to researchers from the University of the West of England (UWE). Typical of the new entrepreneurs are former ‘boat people’ who left the country during the 1980s and are now being encouraged to return.
- UWE SCIENTISTS LIGHT UP BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH - 23/10/2003
Glowing Bacteria exhibit shows how scientists test effectiveness of antibiotics – a collaboration between At-Bristol and UWE funded by The Wellcome Trust
UWE biomedical scientists have been working with staff at science attraction At-Bristol on the latest exhibit ‘Glowing Bacteria Lighting up Medical Research’ that will be launched during the October half term.
- ONLINE GAME 'MEN SLAYERS' IN SPOTLIGHT - 17/10/2003
Lecturer Helen Kennedy from the University of the West of England has just won a £10,000 grant to research computer games culture and those players – particularly women – who play online in ‘clans’.
- UWE OFFERS £20,000 FOR BEST BUSINESS IDEA - 15/10/2003
Prizes worth £20,000 are on offer to help build the best new business of the year in the University of the West of England’s Business Plan Competition.
- IT'S ABOUT LEARNING - 14/10/2003
A series of seminars on aspects of developing learning that will help raise achievement in the city's schools is to be launched by Professor Eric Thomas, Vice-Chancellor at Bristol University and Professor Stephen Hoddell, Pro Vice-Chancellor at the University of the West of England (UWE).
- NOYE'S FLUDDLE, BY BENJAMIN BRITTEN - 14/10/2003
Bristol Cathedral on the 22, 23, 24 and 25 of October
Final preparations are now underway for UWE’s production of Noyes Fludde, which will involve 180 primary school children from Bristol, as well as professional singers, UWE students, choristers from Bristol Cathedral and students from the Old Vic Theatre School.
- WORLD FAMOUS SOCIOLOGIST RETURNS TO UWE - 08/10/2003
World famous sociologist, and a UWE Honorary Graduand, Zygmunt Bauman returns to the University on Tuesday 14 October 2003 to launch the new ‘Alternative Series’ at Watershed Media Centre, Bristol. The topic of his public lecture is ‘Generation X and Some Other Generations’, and Professor Bauman will visit Bristol after a hectic year of lecturing across Europe.
- UWE SEMINAR ON DEVELOPMENTS IN DRUG AND ALCOHOL TREATMENTS - 06/10/2003
The Drug and Alcohol Research Group at the University of the West of England will hold a second annual seminar on Monday 13 October on ‘Recent developments in Treatment’.
- NEW DEAN FOR FACULTY OF EDUCATION AT UWE - 06/10/2003
Professor Ron Ritchie has recently taken up post as Dean of the Faculty of Education at the University of the West of England. Ron Ritchie brings significant local experience and expertise to the role having taught in Bristol secondary and primary schools and having worked in the advisory service locally. He joined UWE in April 2001 as Associate Dean. Prior to that he was Head of Department for Professional Development at Bath Spa University College.
- UWE JOINS EPSRC CONSORTIUM TO STUDY PUBLIC TOILET PROBLEMS - 31/07/2003
Dr Clara Greed, Professor of Inclusive Urban Planning from the Faculty of the Built Environment at the University of the West of England, has embarked on a two year EPSRC funded project to investigate the role of city centre public toilets in achieving long-term sustainability and making cities more accessible to all. As co-principal-investigator with Professor Julienne Hanson from University College London and partners at the Universities of Salford, Sheffield Hallam and the London Institute the researchers will look at city centre conveniences in relation to the impact of the Disability Discrimination Act.
- SOUTH-WEST BUSINESSES BENEFIT FROM LINKS WITH UNIVERSITIES - 31/07/2003
Employers in the South-West can now benefit from a new government-backed scheme to enable expert solutions to be found for real business problems.
- UWE LAUNCHES NETWORKING FOR STUDENT ACCOMMODATION - 29/07/2003
From August 2003 a new student service entitled ResNet (UWE Residential Network) will be available to students in university managed accommodation at the University of the West of England.
- UWE LAW RETAINS EXCELLENT STATUS - 29/07/2003
The Faculty of Law at the University of the West of England has, once again received the rating of 'excellent' for the Legal Practice Course from The Law Society. The Faculty has held the excellent rating for the Legal Practice Course since 1996.
- UWE WINS £236K TO RESEARCH DIGITAL PRINTING - 25/07/2003
A major grant of £236,670 has been won by the University of the West of England’s Art, Media and Design Faculty to aid research into new ways for fine artists to use digital methods of printing. The three-year research project will include study of the potential of the latest two-metre wide-format printers. This is the latest in a series of grant successes by UWE’s Centre for Fine Print Research, which has now won more than 15 awards from the government’s Arts and Humanities Research Board.
- UWE HELPS BOSSES MEASURE FILLING IN 'SANDWICH' DEGREE - 22/07/2003
Employers who want to find out which work skills graduates have gained during sandwich degree courses will soon be able find out this information on a new website. Until now, the students’ third year placements in industry or business have been assessed on just four ‘pass or fail’ criteria. This does not adequately record or give credit for the complex skills that a student may have acquired, according to researchers from the University of the West of England (UWE).
- FAMILIES NEEDED TO HELP WITH ZOOS RESEARCH - 21/07/2003
Would your family like to take part in a research project that involves visiting Bristol or Paignton Zoo, filming animals and getting entered for a free holiday?
- BRISTOL SCHOOLCHILDREN TAKE TO THE STAGE - 10/07/2003
Nearly two hundred primary school children in Bristol are involved in an exciting musical project with the Centre for Performing Arts at the University of the West of England.
- UWE HOSTS NATIONAL TEACHING CONFERENCE - 10/07/2003
West of England ICT conference Wednesday 16 July 2002
The University of the West of England will host the West of England ICT conference on 16 July 2003 at the New Redland Building on Frenchay Campus. This is the second year running that the ICT conference has been hosted by UWE.
- IS OUR RUBBISH ENDANGERING OUR HEALTH? - 10/07/2003
If you live near an incinerator, are you more likely to get cancer? Is there an increase in birth defects around landfill sites? Researchers at the University of the West of England set out to answer these questions in an article published in ‘Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal’.
- 'BLOOD TRANSFUSION WILL BE MORE EFFECTIVE USING DNA TESTS' - 10/07/2003
New DNA based technology looks set to supersede blood bank serological testing because more tests can be obtained at a fraction of the time according to a new research consortium* called ‘Bloodgen’ led by scientists at the University of the West of England (UWE). The new technology using gene chips is expected to reduce the risk of problems caused by incompatibility of blood types during transfusion, mainly because rare blood groups are not normally included in a routine screen. Currently the detection of rare blood group incompatibility relies on a test called the ‘cross match’ which is performed immediately prior to transfusion. DNA based testing may lead to the elimination of such a test.
- DAME ELIZABETH BUTLER-SLOSS CONFERS UWE HONORARY DEGREE - 08/07/2003
The Right Reverend Barry Rogerson, until recently the Bishop of Bristol, is to be awarded the Honorary Degree of Doctor of Letters by the University of the West of England in recognition of his contribution to the wellbeing of the City and Diocese of Bristol and his commitment to economic and social justice and to ecumenical co-operation world-wide. Barry Rogerson was Bishop of Bristol from 1985 until November 2002.
- UWE RESEARCHERS HELP SOLVE AIR PROBLEMS - 07/07/2003
Three cities from opposite sides of the globe are coming together to tackle a problem they all share ¡V air pollution. A team of researchers from the University of the West of England will work together with local councils, universities and non-governmental organisations in Athens and Bangkok to look at ways of improving air quality in each city. The project is funded under the Asia Urbs programme which is an EC funded initiative in decentralised co-operation aiming to enhance mutual understanding and awareness between Asia and Europe by supporting urban development projects implemented jointly by Asian and European local governments.
- GANDALF WAVES A WAND FOR NATIONAL LITERACY - 04/07/2003
Gandalf the wizard, Aragorn, Frodo the Hobbit and Legolas the elf were spotted strolling at Blaise Castle on 28 June. But they were not there to defend Middle Earth against the evil Sauron – instead they mingled amicably with two ringwraiths, one on a riding school pony. The reason: it was all part of a fundraising stunt by Lord of the Rings fans in aid of the National Literacy Trust that will take place in December on the date of the premier of The Return of the King.
- WHY DO WOMEN LEAVE ARCHITECTURE? - 03/07/2003
The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA), today published the results of its research into the drop-out rate of women from architectural practice. This is the first research of its kind to have been completed. Carried out by the University of the West of England on behalf of the RIBA, the report found that a combination of factors, including poor employment practice, difficulties in maintaining skills and professional networks during career breaks and paternalistic attitudes, cause women to leave the profession.
- UWE LEADS 1.3 MILLION EURO GRANT FOR STONE POLISHING PROJECT - 03/07/2003
Researchers from the Machine Vision Laboratory at the University of the West of England are investigating new forms of automated surface quality control systems within the stone processing industry.
- UWE AWARD PRIZES FOR PERFORMING ARTS - 30/06/2003
Eight students from the University of the West of England are to receive prizes for the Performing Arts in a special ceremony at the Royal West of England Academy in Clifton on Monday 30 June 2003 at 6.30pm.
- PELVIC FLOOR EXERCISES GOOD FOR MEN TOO - 26/06/2003
Pelvic floor exercises for men have been found to be highly effective in restoring erectile function according to recently published research. Research at the Faculty of Health and Social Care at the University of the West of England, Bristol, shows that pelvic floor exercises result in the same overall improvement rate seen in a large trial of men taking Viagra.
- NEW 'WORLD CLASS' MASTERS IN SCIENCE COMMUNICATION - 26/06/2003
Unique collaboration between UWE, University of Bristol and at-Bristol
A unique collaboration to provide a world class qualification in science communication is being launched by Bristol’s two universities and the award winning science attraction at-Bristol. This exciting award is being launched as a stepping stone giving those who graduate a razor sharp competitive edge in work areas as diverse as journalism, public relations, science centres, educational liaison, publishing and multi-media.
- UWE DEGREE SHOW 2003 - 25/06/2003
Final year students from the Faculty of Art, Media and Design at the University of the West of England will exhibit their work at the annual Degree Show on 28 June to 1 July 2003 at the Bower Ashton Campus.
- POWER UP - COMPUTER GAMES, IDEOLOGY AND PLAY - 25/06/2003
14 – 15 July The Watershed Media Centre, Bristol
Academics at the University of the West of England are to hold a two day conference on the subject of computer games and whether they reflect or subvert the politics of society at large.
- UWE ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING DEGREE SHOW - 24/06/2003
28 and 29 June
New Studio Building, Frenchay Campus
Final year Architecture and Planning students from the University of the West of England will exhibit work at the New Studios Building at Frenchay Campus on Saturday 28 and Sunday 29 June 2003.
- UWE HOSTS FIRST ANNUAL LECTURE ON ECONOMICS AND SECURITY - 19/06/2003
Thursday 26 June 2003 at 6.00pm
Professor Ron P Smith of Birbeck College, University of London will deliver the first Annual Lecture on Economics and Security on: 'Valuing Defence: VFM*, RMA* and RAB*'.
The lecture is the first of what will become an annual event hosted by the Defence Economics Research Unit (DERU) in the School of Economics at UWE and the ESRC funded Arms Trade and Industry Project.
- UWE HOSTS CONFERENCE FOR INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATIVES - 16/06/2003
International Representatives Orientation 17 to 19 June 2003
UWE is to host its first ever conference for its network of international representatives from 17 – 19 June.
- UWE STAFF RECOGNISED IN QUEEN'S BIRTHDAY HONOURS - 16/06/2003
The Queen has recognised two members of the staff of the University of the West of England in her Birthday Honours list, which marks the 50th anniversary of her coronation.
- NEW SOCIAL CARE RESEARCH COLLECTION ESTABLISHED AT UWE - 12/06/2003
ISSUE DATE: 12/06/03
The University of the West of England, Bristol (UWE), and the Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE) are pleased to announce the creation of an important social care research collection based in Bristol.
- SCIENTIST TURNED HISTORIAN PUBLISHES BOOK ON ISAAC NEWTON - 09/06/2003
Isaac Newton and the English Scientific Renaissance by Peter Aughton
Peter Aughton, computing specialist and visiting lecturer at the University of the West of England has just published his latest history book entitled ‘Newton’s Apple’. The book is a retelling of the life and times of Sir Isaac Newton and an account of the story of the English Scientific Renaissance of the seventeenth century.
- UWE SCIENCE ACADEMIC WINS PRESTIGIOUS TEACHING FELLOWSHIP - 06/06/2003
Dr Stephen Gomez, Principal Lecturer in Human Physiology in the Faculty of Applied Sciences at the University of the West of England has won a prestigious national teaching fellowship prize worth £50,000. The prize has been awarded by the National Teaching Fellowship Scheme (NTFS) which was set up in 2000 to reward excellence in teaching and learning. It is administered by the Institute for Learning and Teaching in Higher Education on behalf of the Higher Education Funding Council for England.
- UWE RATED HIGHLY FOR UNUSUAL LANGUAGES TUITION - 03/06/2003
The University was recently positioned fourth in the Guardian University Guide for the quality of teaching ‘other languages.’ Other languages is the term used for more offbeat and unusual languages than the mainstream French, German and Spanish taught in most Universities with Language schools. At UWE courses offered include Japanese, Arabic, Chinese (Mandarin), Russian, Italian and English as a Foreign Language.
- UWE RESEARCH INVESTIGATES HAMSTRING INJURIES IN PRO-FOOTBALL - 02/06/2003
Hamstring injuries result in thousands of missed matches by professional football players with a considerable impact on team performance and serious economic consequences for the clubs involved. Predicting players who are most at risk - and ensuring they receive the right treatment - could ease these effects.
- UWE ALUMNI ATTEMPTS TO BREAK ATLANTIC ROWING RECORD - 29/05/2003
ISSUE DATE: 29/05/03
Richard Pullan, a former UWE student and past Boat Club President is planning to cross the Atlantic in a row boat with team mate Chris Hall as part of the Atlantic Rowing Challenge 2003.
- UWE PROFESSOR GIVES LECTURE ON 'THE ART OF DISSENT' - 27/05/2003
UWE Professor gives lecture on ‘The art of dissent’
Public lecture: Professor Marilyn Taylor, Thursday 29 May 2003
Venue: Arup, 63 St Thomas Street, Bristol
Lecture starts at 6.00pm and finish by 7.15pm
Professor Marilyn Taylor from the Faculty of the Built Environment at the University of the West of England will give her inaugural lecture on ‘the Art of dissent’ at Arup, St Thomas Street on Thursday 29 May.
- JUNGULATOR GOES LIVE AT WATERSHED - 23/05/2003
Music may never be the same again. As musical genius Brian Eno predicted: “Our grandchildren will marvel at the thought of us listening to the same music over and over again”. A Bristol-based multi-media collective called Socket may be about to prove him right.
- 'THE MYTH OF MODERNITY' - 20/05/2003
A lecture by John Gray of the London School of Economics
Monday 26 May, 7.00pm, at the Watershed Media Centre.
‘The Alternative Series 2003’, a series of lectures on contemporary thought organised by the Centre for Critical theory at the University of the West of England, brings John Gray, Professor of European Thought at the London School of Economics (LSE), to Bristol to talk on the subject ‘The Myth of Modernity’.
- UWE HOSTS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOBACCO - 20/05/2003
Tobacco: Problems & Responses
An International Conference
The Watershed, Friday, November 28, 2003
The University of the West of England will host an international conference ‘Tobacco: Problems and Responses’, at the Watershed Media Centre in November 2003 providing a platform to examine problems caused by tobacco smoking. The event, in association with two charities, the Alcohol & Health Research Trust and the Addictions Forum, brings together world acclaimed speakers including Professor Sir Richard Dole, who was one of the two researchers to announce to the world the link between smoking tobacco and cancer.
- UWE AND UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL LAUNCH NEW CENTRE - 15/05/2003
In a unique collaborative venture between Bristol¡¦s two universities, the Centre for Child and Adolescent Health will be launched at special event on 20 May at the centre¡¦s revamped premises on the site of the Old Homeopathic Hospital in Cotham. The opening ceremony will take place at 12.30 in the presence of the Vice Chancellors of the two universities.
- UWE WINS 9TH ANNUAL BOAT RACE - 13/05/2003
UWE has beaten the University of Bristol in the most hotly contested boat race for many years held in Bristol Docks on 10 May.
- UWE FAVOURITES FOR 9TH ANNUAL BRISTOL BOAT RACE - 08/05/2003
On 10 May, 2003 the Bristol Harbourside will once again be filled with the sounds of splashing oars and cheers of the crowds as the ninth annual Bristol Boat Race takes place. Starting at 11.00am, it will go on until approximately 4.30pm with the main University of the West of England versus University of Bristol races beginning at 1.45pm.
- UWE TRANSPORT PROFESSOR GIVES INAUGURAL LECTURE - 30/04/2003
1 May 2003, Arup, 63 St Thomas Street, Bristol 6.00pm to 7.15pm
Professor Glenn Lyons from the Faculty of the Built Environment at the University of the West of England will deliver his inaugural lecture on ‘Transport and Society’ at Arup, 63 St Thomas Street, Bristol on 1 May 2003. The lecture will begin at 6.00pm and finish by 7.15pm.
- CROATIA CALLING UWE - 29/04/2003
Learning disability nursing students from the Faculty of Health and Social Care at the University of the West of England will visit Croatia with the aim of raising funds for Croatian children and adolescents with autism and learning disabilities and to gain experience which will form a valuable part of their training. This trip is the third organised by the Faculty and the students will travel for a two-week period from 3 to 17 May 2003.
- ENCOURAGING TEENAGE SCIENCE TALENT IN BRISTOL - 28/04/2003
Around 100 year 10 pupils from 12 schools in Bristol will visit the Faculty of Applied Sciences at the University of the West of England on 30 April to take part in a hands-on science day to encourage them to make the most of their abilities in science.
- UWE LANGUAGES OPEN DAY - 28/04/2003
More than 400 local and regional school pupils aged 16-18 will visit UWE for a ‘Languages Open Day’ on 30 April 2003.
- UWE STUDENT WINS PRESTIGIOUS BARONESS PLATT OF WHITTLE AWARD - 28/04/2003
A Civil Engineering student from the University of the West of England has won the prestigious Baroness Platt of Whittle award. The award is to be presented to Ben Whayman who is currently studying part time on the BEng (Hons) Civil Engineering award at UWE. The award is given by the Institution of Incorporated Engineers (IIE) and based on why the student thinks he will be a talented engineer in the future. The award is open to all university students from all IIE accredited degrees in the country
- UWE OPENS NEW £1M GENOMICS RESEARCH LAB - 14/04/2003
The University of the West of England has opened its new Bristol Genomics Research Institute which uses the very latest technology to study the genes of humans and plants.
- £20,000 SOFTWARE PLAN REACHES FOR THE SKIES - 11/04/2003
Revolutionary new software that could dramatically cut project costs in the aero industry has won first prize in the University of the West of England’s Business Plan Competition. The winning plan - called Plexus Manager - is the brainchild of a team of software scientists and engineers. They were presented with their prize – worth a total of £20,000 - at a special prizegiving evening at the University on 10 April.
- QUAKER WOMAN'S DIARY REVEALS LIFE IN 18TH CENTURY BRISTOL - 09/04/2003
The diary of a Quaker from Bristol which has never before been published has shed new light on the life of Bristolians in the 18th Century.
- UWE LEADS MEDIA FACT-FINDING TOUR TO DENMARK - 08/04/2003
Fifteen centuries after the Vikings were first attracted to Britain’s shores, a return invasion of a much more peaceful kind has just taken place. Then, finely worked jewellery and armour were among the design skills that influenced both nations. This time, internet-based digital media knowledge was being shared when the University of the West of England led a creative industries study tour to the East Jutland peninsula.
- UWE PROFESSOR ANALYSES 'CHRONIC CRISIS OF BRITISH CINEMA' - 02/04/2003
Watershed cinema 1 on Tuesday 8 April at 6.00pm
In his inaugural lecture as Professor of Cultural and Media Studies at the University of the West of England, Michael Chanan will discuss ‘the chronic crisis of British Cinema.’
- INTERNATIONAL WEEK IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE - 01/04/2003
The Faculty of Health and Social Care at the University of the West of England is to hold an International Week (7 – 11 April) focusing on the international dimension of the Faculty’s work and bringing together colleagues from around Europe.
- UWE AT 'CUTTING EDGE' OF AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY - 31/03/2003
Engineers at UWE are literally at the ‘cutting edge’ of aerospace manufacturing technology with the opening of a new £1m lab.
- UWE LAUNCHES FIRST ANTHOLOGY OF CREATIVE WRITING - 25/03/2003
Staff and students from the St Matthias Campus at the University of the West of England will launch an anthology of creative writing at a special event on Thursday 27 March at 1pm in the St Matthias Union bar.
- UWE BURN INJURY EXPERTS WIN £80,000 FELLOWSHIP - 24/03/2003
Members of the Centre for Appearance Research (CAR) at the University of the West of England have won a Healing Foundation Fellowship worth £80,000 to study the psycho-social needs of people affected by burn injuries.
- UNIVERSITY EXPERIENCE NOT KEEPING GRADUATES IN SOUTH-WEST - 24/03/2003
Graduates are good news for the economy, but the South West needs to do more to retain and attract the best to work in the region, delegates at an event hosted by the University of the West of England on 26 March 2003 will be told. The information is contained in a report of a survey of over 4000 final year students in the region, commissioned by HERDA-SW, the Higher Education Regional Development Association ¡V South West, and the South West Regional Development Agency.
- UWE BURN INJURY EXPERTS WIN £80,000 FELLOWSHIP - 19/03/2003
Members of the Centre for Appearance Research (CAR) at the University of the West of England have won a Healing Foundation Fellowship worth £80,000 to study the psycho-social needs of people affected by burn injuries.
- ALTERNATIVE SERIES RETURNS TO WATERSHED FOR THIRD SEASON - 14/03/2003
The Alternative Series of public seminars organised by the Centre for Critical Theory at the University of the West of England begins its third season at the Watershed Media Centre on Tuesday 25 March.
- UWE AND UNIVERSITY OF BATH OPEN NEW NURSING EDUCATION CENTRE - 14/03/2003
The University of the West of England is opening a new nursing education centre at the University of Bath Campus in Swindon. The Swindon Education Centre was originally located at the Princess Margaret Hospital.
- UWE AWARDED £230,000 EUREKA GRANT FOR 'PETROSCOPE' PROJECT - 13/03/2003
Aggregates such as sand, gravel and crushed rock form the mainstay of construction materials for buildings and roads. Assessing the suitability of materials for different tasks is determined using different test methods. One important method is called petrography which is a time consuming manual process carried out by highly trained geologists, in order to acquire information on the petrographic composition of the aggregate particles. Engineers from the University of the West of England are working on a collaborative project to devise an automated vision based method capable of carrying out this analysis more speedily but just as efficiently as manual petrography. The project will involve the determination of fundamental properties of the particles, namely size and shape.
- UWE RESEARCHER CALLS FOR BETTER PUBLIC TOILET PLANNING - 11/03/2003
Inclusive Urban Design: Public Toilets by Clara Greed
Public toilets are a national disgrace and have not been given adequate priority in urban design according to UWE researcher Clara Greed’s new book ‘Inclusive Urban Design: Public Toilets’. Clara has famously campaigned for better public toilet provision and her research has been the focus of very considerable media attention.
- UWE HOSTS CONFERENCE TO INVESTIGATE MEDIEVAL HISTORY - 10/03/2003
Later Medieval Bristol: Community, Communications and Conflict – a one-day conference – Saturday 15 March 2003
The University of the West of England’s Regional History Centre is holding a one day conference which takes a closer look at Late Medieval Bristol and its region on Saturday 15 March at St Matthias Campus.
- UWE REVEALS IMPACT OF SLEEP, DRUGS AND MOBILE PHONES - 07/03/2003
What happens to your brain when you miss out on sleep will be revealed during a series of talks organised by the University of the West of England’s Faculty of Applied Sciences. The events will also include the latest news on the effect of drugs or mobile phones on brain health, and have been arranged as part of Brain Awareness Week.
- - 07/03/2003
EMBARGO MONDAY 10 MARCH 00.01 HOURS
Older people vulnerable to homelessness have become the ‘forgotten homeless’ in policy debates and service provision according to a report by researchers at the University of the West of England from the Faculty of Health and Social Care.
- UWE SHOW SCHOOL PUPILS THE LINK BETWEEN MATHS AND DANCE - 07/03/2003
Between 50 to 70 twelve and thirteen year olds from schools in Bristol and Bath will be visiting UWE on Saturday 8 March to find out whether maths and dance really do go together. This visit is arranged as part of the Wessex Mathematics Masterclass programme supported by the Universities of Bristol, Bath and West of England and by the Royal Institution
- UWE PRESENTS 'HALF A SIXPENCE' - 06/03/2003
QEH Theatre, Tuesday 11 to Saturday 15 March 2003 at 7.30pm
Saturday matinee 2.30pm
The Centre for Performing Arts at the University of the West of England presents the delightful musical ‘Half a Sixpence’ loosely based on the H G Wells novel ‘Kipps’ at the QEH Theatre from 11 to 15 March.
- 'BEHOLD, THE SEA' - 06/03/2003
The University of the West of England celebrates ten years as a University with an exciting musical evening featuring the world premiere of a specially commissioned work by Derek Bourgeois and one of the largest choirs in the West.
- SCIENTISTS AWARDED GRANT TO CREATE 'ARTIFICIAL RAT WHISKER' - 05/03/2003
Scientists at the University of the West of England and the University of Sheffield have won funding to create a robotic system based on the whiskers of a rat.
- A NEW SERIES OF PUBLIC LECTURES FROM FBE - 03/03/2003
6 March, Professor Martin Boddy
Re-discovering the City
The headlines used to shout ‘urban deprivation’ and ‘urban riots’ but now we read about the ‘urban renaissance’ and the ‘urban summit’ organised by John Prescott to celebrate cities and chart the new urban future. This lecture will explore the rhetoric and reality of the shift in perception of our towns and cities.
- IRAQI CRISIS: NEW QUESTIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL LAW - 27/02/2003
Friday 7 March at 10.00am – 2.00pm, Faculty of Law, UWE
This colloquium, organised by the Centre for Legal Research at the University of the West of England, will address some of the key legal issues in the ongoing Iraqi crisis.
- MEDIA GRADUATES SHOWCASE INDUSTRIAL PLACEMENT PROJECTS - 27/02/2003
Tuesday 4 March 4.30pm to 7.30pm – Watershed (cinema2)
Media and design students from the University of the West of England will showcase project work produced during the Graduate Placement Scheme 2001/2002 that involved twelve media companies at a special exhibition at Watershed Media Centre on Tuesday 4 March.
- UWE APPOINTS FIRST WATERSHED FELLOW - 24/02/2003
The University of the West of England and Watershed have come together to appoint Dr Mark Palmer as the first Watershed Senior Research Fellow from January 2003. Dr Palmer will lead the research dimension of a key collaborative project entitled ‘ D-Shed’, a new on-line channel that will showcase new talent and innovation in digital media. He will also teach at the Faculty of Art, Media and Design on expanding MA and doctoral Media programmes.
- UWE LAUNCHES BLUEPRINT FOR BUILDING HEALTHY CITIES - 21/02/2003
Pedestrian-unfriendly environments and the closure of local facilities could result in inactivity and obesity, posing a long-term threat to children’s health. These points were made at the launch of the first comprehensive guide for developing healthy settlements, written by researchers from the University of the West of England. Launching the guide, environmental campaigner Jonathan Porritt called for planners to put public health and sustainability at the heart of development control.
- UWE HOSTS GLAD CONFERENCE - 20/02/2003
Group for Learning in Art and Design conference 20 and 21 February 2003 - Watershed
Over 130 delegates representing all the nations Art Colleges will attend the 10th annual GLAD conference at the Watershed Media Centre today and tomorrow. Hosted by UWE¡¦s Faculty of Art, Media and Design the conference provides a chance to devise a collective approach to widening participation issues
- SEX OF SEAGULLS SOLVED USING MATHS - 18/02/2003
The Weston Schools Maths Challenge – first round at UWE
School pupils from four Weston-Super-Mare schools will present their solutions to a maths problem involving establishing the sex of seagull chicks using measurements, at the University of the West of England on Wednesday 19 February.
- UWE AND WATERSHED BUILD NEW BUSINESS INCUBATOR - 10/02/2003
Building work has just begun to create an incubator unit to support media businesses of the future. Focusing on the potential for electronic media, the unit will be known as e-Media. It will link high-tech managed office and meeting space with advice and mentoring from financial and digital media experts via the University of the West of England.
- PIONEERING WEBSITE BRINGS BRISTOL SLAVE TRADE ALIVE - 31/01/2003
Launch at the Institute of Historical Research at the
University of London, 30 January
The Bristol Slave Trade will be brought to life for schoolchildren with the launch of a teaching website developed by researchers at the Regional History Centre at the University of the West of England. The project is sponsored by the Victoria County History Project of the Institute of Historical Research of London University and is part of a larger project on Bristol’s History which is currently being considered for Heritage Lottery Funds. The web site builds on the Bristol Slavery Trail and includes teachers’ notes; lesson plans and a large range of hitherto unpublished documents.
- UWE AND WATERSHED SIGN AGREEMENT TO BOOST MEDIA ART'S - 31/01/2003
UWE and Watershed have signed an agreement to boost the region's media arts to coincide with the City's 2008 Capital of Culture bid. The new agreement is designed to build on the long history of collaborative working by developing a range of new strategic initiatives to expand the opportunities for promoting new talent and innovation in digital media. These initiatives include a new on-line channel, Digital Shed to showcase new talent and innovation in digital media, as well as investment in Watershed
- ABUSIVE PRIVATE LANDLORDS NEED REGULATING SAY RESEARCHERS - 31/01/2003
Older people living in private rented accommodation are suffering neglect and abuse according to a report by researchers at the University of the West of England and the University of Bristol. Commissioned and funded by Help the Aged the report, launched today, shows that older people are being abused and mistreated by some private landlords and that there are deficiencies in the legal system which prevents older people from getting adequate protection or redress.
- UWE MATHEMATICS AND ENGINEERING EXPERTS LAUNCH ROCKETS - 31/01/2003
Mathematicians and Engineers at the University of the West of England will demonstrate to a group of year 10 pupils how mathematics can be used to solve problems in rocket launching, cooking burgers and controlling robots. The pupils from Haygrove School in Bridgwater will attend a series of workshops at the University on Thursday 23 January 2003.
- UWE BUSINESS COMPETITION FINALISTS THROUGH TO NEXT ROUND - 21/01/2003
Eleven bright ideas for businesses of the future have been selected to go through to the next stage of the University of the West of England’s £20k Business Plan Competition. Twenty-one outline business plans were initially received from staff and student teams following the competition’s launch last November. The competition is being run for the second year and is organised by UWE’s Centre for Research, Innovation and Graduate Studies. The shortlisted finalists were chosen by competition judges and sponsors Burges Salmon, Business Link, ICON Corporate Finance, Royal Bank of Scotland and Solomon Hare.
- UWE LAUNCHES NEW ANIMATION STUDIO - 10/01/2003
Monday 13 January at 4.30pm, Bower Ashton Campus
Animation students at the University of the West of England will soon enjoy professional quality facilities with the opening of a new studio in the Animation Unit at the Faculty of Art, Media and Design.
- ECOTOURISM WILL PRESERVE THE ATLANTIC COAST FOR ALL - 08/01/2003
Marine ecotourism is being heralded as an important new strategy for the sustainable regeneration of coastal communities in the EU Atlantic Area. A group of researchers from the University of the West of England, Bristol, have examined the potential for marine ecotourism during a three-year study, culminating in a report entitled ‘Planning for Marine Ecotourism in the EU Atlantic Area: Transnational Policy Lessons’.
- 20% OF 15 YEAR OLDS TRUANT BECAUSE OF THEIR APPEARANCE - 07/01/2003
A researcher at the University of the West of England has found that the majority of teenagers are upset by teasing or bullying about their appearance and she has devised a set of coping strategies to help them deal with this problem.
- UWE ACADEMICS RESEARCH FEMALE ARCHITECTS' DROP-OUT RATE - 07/01/2003
Researchers at the University of the West of England have won a research contract from The Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) to find out why so many women leave the architecture profession.
- UWE APPOINTS NEW PROFESSORS IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT - 03/01/2003
The Faculty of the Built Environment at the University of the West of England has recently appointed a number of new Professors who will enhance the research profile of the Faculty. | <urn:uuid:2087ad06-4086-4fc9-9d35-619aece40dfa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://info.uwe.ac.uk/news/uwenews/default.aspx?year=2003 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00493-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91323 | 11,217 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Warden busy with new dog law
A new state law addressing dangerous and nuisance dogs is keeping the Auglaize County dog warden busy.
Dog Warden Russ Bailey said he has been “very, very busy” since the new law took effect May 22.
“We’ve made six notifications so far,” Bailey said during a regular monthly meeting this week with the Auglaize County commissioners. “One was for a nuisance dog, the others were for dangerous dogs.”
He said five bites came from pit bulls.
Under the new law, pit bulls no longer are automatically deemed vicious, but the law allows any type of breed to be labeled for bad behavior.
The law defines a “vicious” dog as one that has seriously injured or killed a person, and a “dangerous” dog as one that while unprovoked injured a person, killed another dog, or got loose three or more times.
A “nuisance” dog — the least severe designation of the three — has unprovoked approached a person in a menacing fashion while off its property.
Two nuisance complaints add up to a dog being labeled a dangerous dog, Bailey said.
“If someone reports a problem, basically, it’s an automatic nuisance complaint,” Bailey said. “That’s if the dog goes off the property and comes up to you in a menacing fashion without biting.”
The dog warden said the person filing the report has to be able to describe what happened and it has to meet menacing criteria, including hair standing up on their back and growling, but in most cases he will have to take their word for it.
“You have to look at the situation and the dog warden has discretion,” Bailey said.
The owners of dogs faced with the new labels have 10 days to make an appeal.
“They do have a chance, but they have to act fast,” Bailey said.
A dog’s owner could face criminal charges or find themselves in court fighting a designation that requires several stipulations, including, dangerous dogs needing to wear special more expensive tags, be confined by a fence, be spayed or neutered, and microchipped. Owners also must post signs that a dangerous dog lives at the property and if ordered by a judge maintain liability insurance coverage on their dog.
Bailey said it has been hard following up on those new requirements under the law as they are time consuming.
“It’s hard to follow-up on everything if you are busy with other calls,” Bailey said. “It’s not my law. I am not in favor of many things about it. It will take time to get used to.”
Dog wardens across the state have mixed feelings about the new law and they have said it adds a lot to their workloads as they struggle with how to proceed with cases.
Matt Granito, the president of the Ohio County Dog Wardens Association said the law finally gives wardens a chance to hold owners responsible when their dogs attack.
The city of Wapakoneta
The city of St. Marys maintains its own leash law and a separate ordinance pertaining to dangerous and vicious dogs. Under that ordinance, the owner of a dangerous or vicious dog, which within city limits includes pit bulls, must have it in a pen with a locked top if the animal is outside.
The owner also must maintain liability insurance on the animal and when off the owner’s property, the dog must be muzzled and on a leash. A violation of the ordinance is classified as a first-degree misdemeanor.
“St. Marys is actively enforcing that still,” Bailey said. | <urn:uuid:0489dbb3-50f6-4e09-be1d-37bc666a621b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wapakdailynews.com/content/warden-busy-new-dog-law | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00172-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963292 | 786 | 1.5625 | 2 |
SMS usage skyrocketing: Pew Internet study
A study released by Pew Internet found that text messaging usage among adults in the United States is extremely high, indicating the marketing possibilities using the channel are endless.
The findings of the study show that text message-based marketing campaigns are an efficient way to reach masses of consumers quickly, concisely and frequently, due to the stifling number of individuals already attached to their mobile phones.
The report indicates that more than half of U.S. adults use text messaging in their daily lives.
Many brands are already reaping the benefits of SMS marketing: Target, Walgreens, Steve Madden and Macy?s.
Yet, some are still slow to jump on board.
Let the numbers speak for themselves
According to the report, 73 percent of adults with mobile devices use SMS on their phone at least occasionally.
Text messaging users send or receive an average of 41.5 messages per day, with the median user sending or receiving 10 texts daily.
It is clear that text messaging is being used regularly as a means of communication among consumers. Marketers need to follow consumers.
The SMS channel is specifically engineered to make contact directly, swiftly and personally, which makes it the perfect platform for marketing campaigns, according to the Pew report.
The Pew Research Center is a nonprofit organization that is dedicated to alerting the public about important trends and information The nonpartisan organization focuses on Internet-related news and how it effects Americans at home, work and school.
In addition to the verification that text messaging is a commonplace communication medium, the study shows that the number of avid text messagers has substancially increased since late 2009.
Furthermore, the information shows that the numbers from 2010 have been maintained through the following year, showing no signs of dropping.
According to the report, about 83 percent of U.S. adults operate mobile phones, and a whopping three-quarters of mobile phone owners have said to use the text messaging function.
With such a high percentage of reported SMS users, it becomes clear that companies must revert to the small screen for faster, personalized marketing campaigns.
The study also provides that young adults, between the ages of 18 and 24, far surpass the average amount of text messaging for other adult age groups.
The report states that this age group exchanges an average of 109.5 text messages in one day, which adds up to more than 3,200 text messages per month.
These facts are pertinent to companies interested in marketing to young adults, as it appears they spend a significant part of their day attached to their mobile phones.
The Pew Internet report has made it abundantly clear that text message-based marketing holds enormous potential.
According to the report, active SMS users are much more likely to prefer texting to calling.
Approximately 45 percent of texters who send or receive 21-50 text messages per day say that they prefer it when people contact them using SMS, while a majority of those who send or receive more than 50 texts per day (55 percent) say that text messaging is their preferred mode of contact.
Only 27 percent of these users prefer to be reached by voice call.
The facts suggest that it only makes sense for brands to contact consumers in the way they prefer to contact each other ? through text messaging. | <urn:uuid:d797617d-79d5-4bbe-9923-5e5a13fbb389> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.marketingdive.com/ex/mobilemarketer/cms/news/research/11020.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.945274 | 676 | 1.914063 | 2 |
This particular sequence from former editor of The Sun Kelvin MacKenzie's evidence to the Leveson Inquiry is [was - see below] featured on the websites of both the BBC and Sky News today.
Are we supposed, I wonder, to be impressed by his brilliant 'analysis' of the difference between the verbs 'to lob' and 'to chuck'? And is anyone convinced that it aptly illustrates his point that "we thought about something and then put it in"?
I suppose it would be too much to expect him to tell us which 'online dictionery' he consulted to get his definition of the verb 'to lob', but it's an easy enough game for anyone to play.
So, having just looked up the word 'glib' in the Oxford online dictionary, I can report that the definition looks like a fairly accurate description of Mr MacKenzie (and his words):
(of words or a speaker) fluent but insincere and shallow.
P.S. Since this was first posted earlier today, the clip has been removed from the Sky News website. But you can still watch it on the BBC website HERE and HERE.
In the absence of any explanation of why it was withdrawn, one can't help wondering whether this is a case of one Murdoch-owned media outlet (Sky News) retrospectively altering its news coverage to protect the former editor of another (The Sun) - in which case, it should perhaps be reported to the Leveson Inquiry forthwith. | <urn:uuid:52eafd20-12cf-4b85-95e9-3349e7cef4f0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://maxatkinson.blogspot.com/2012/01/fluent-but-insincere-and-shallow-kelvin.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00411-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979128 | 305 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Louis de BroglieLouis de Broglie was a critical link between the work of Albert Einstein and Max Born's statistical interpretation of quantum mechanics. But a quarter-century later, de Broglie's ideas were revived and re-interpreted by David Bohm as faster-than-light potentials and forces at a deeper level of reality than indeterministic quantum mechanics. Bohm saw these superluminal forces as instantaneous connections between all the particles of a "holistic" and deterministic universe. It was de Broglie who first argued that if light, which was thought to consist of continuous waves, is actually discrete particles (which Einstein called light quanta in 1905, later called photons), then matter, which is known to consist of discrete particles, might also have a continuous wave nature. Einstein enthusiastically endorsed d Broglie's view.
The fundamental idea of [my 1924 thesis] was the following: The fact that, following Einstein's introduction of photons in light waves, one knew that light contains particles which are concentrations of energy incorporated into the wave, suggests that all particles, like the electron, must be transported by a wave into which it is incorporated... My essential idea was to extend to all particles the coexistence of waves and particles discovered by Einstein in 1905 in the case of light and photons."De Broglie called the light wave "transporting" the photon a "pilot wave," where Einstein had called it a "ghost field" or "guiding field," without attributing any controlling energy, force, or impulse to the field. Einstein said that the light wave at some position is a measure of the probability of finding a light particle there, that is, the intensity of the light wave is proportional to the number of photons there. It may have been implicit in his 1905 light quantum hypothesis, as de Broglie seems to think. Although Einstein had described "ghost" and "guiding" fields to colleagues as early as 1921, we don't have specific quotes from Einstein until 1927 at the fifth Solvay conference, where he explains it in terms of the absolute square of Erwin Schrödinger's new wave function ψ.
|ψ|2 expresses the probability that there exists at the point considered a particular particle of the cloud, for example at a given point on the screen.Schrödinger violently disagreed with Einstein's probabilities and his statistical interpretation of the wave function, which became a part of Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. For Schrödinger, the light wave was distributed energy, and for matter particles like the electron, his wave function was distributed matter and charge. Einstein too became disillusioned with his own discovery of chance and the statistical basis of quantum mechanics, the most famous critic of quantum mechanics for the rest of hia life. Over a year earlier than the Solvay conference, in July of 1926, Max Born used de Broglie's matter waves, as described by Schrödinger's wave equation, to quantify the interpretation of the wave as the probability of finding an electron going off in a specific collision direction as proportional to the square of the probability amplitude wave function in that direction. Born gave full credit to Einstein, de Broglie, and Schrödinger for the idea, although the "statistical interpretation" and the role of chance itself is pure Einstein. Born wrote in 1926...
Collision processes not only yield the most convincing experimental proof of the basic assumptions of quantum theory, but also seem suitable for explaining the physical meaning of the formal laws of the so-called “quantum mechanics.”Indeed, as it seems, it always produces the correct term values of the stationary states and the correct amplitudes for the oscillations that are radiated by the transitions, but opinions are divided regarding the physical interpretation of the formulas. The matrix form of quantum mechanics that was founded by Heisenberg and developed by him and the author of this article starts from the thought that an exact representation of processes in space and time is quite impossible and that one must then content oneself with presenting the relations between the observed quantities, which can only be interpreted as properties of the motions in the limiting classical cases. On the other hand, Schrödinger (3) seems to have ascribed a reality of the same kind that light waves possessed to the waves that he regards as the carriers of atomic processes by using the de Broglie procedure; he attempts “to construct wave packets that have relatively small dimensions in all directions,” and which can obviously represent the moving corpuscle directly. Neither of these viewpoints seems satisfactory to me. Here, I would like to try to give a third interpretation and probe its utility in collision processes. I shall recall a remark that Einstein made about the behavior of the wave field and light quanta. He said that perhaps the waves only have to be wherever one needs to know the path of the corpuscular light quanta, and in that sense, he spoke of a “ghost field.” It determines the probability that a light quantum - viz., the carrier of energy and impulse – follows a certain path; however, the field itself is ascribed no energy and no impulse. One would do better to postpone these thoughts, when coupled directly to quantum mechanics, until the place of the electromagnetic field in the formalism has been established. However, from the complete analogy between light quanta and electrons, one might consider formulating the laws of electron motion in a similar manner. This is closely related to regarding the de Broglie-Schrödinger waves as “ghost fields,” or better yet, “guiding fields.” I would then like to pursue the following idea heuristically: The guiding field, which is represented by a scalar function ψ of the coordinates of all particles that are involved and time, propagates according to Schrödinger’s differential equation. However, impulse and energy will be carried along as when corpuscles (i.e., electrons) are actually flying around. The paths of these corpuscles are determined only to the extent that they are constrained by the law of energy and impulse; moreover, only a probability that a certain path will be followed will be determined by the function ψ. One can perhaps summarize this, somewhat paradoxically, as: The motion of the particle follows the laws of probability, but the probability itself propagates in accord with causal laws.
DeBroglie-BohmIn two papers written in 1952 David Bohm proposed to reconsider de Broglie's idea of "hidden variables" as an explanation of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox. A few years later, Bohm and his student Yahir Aharonov designed a new version of the EPR experiment based on entangled electrons. That same year, Bohm wrote his classic book Causality and Chance in Modern Physics, and de Broglie wrote a preface, in which he hoped Bohm could discover a deeper level deterministic physics, which would explain and replace the probabilistic and statistical properties of quantum mechanics seen by Einstein, Heisenberg, Born, and Dirac. De Broglie wrote...
A long time ago in an article in the Journal de Physique of May 1927 I put forward a causal explanation of wave mechanics which I called the "theory of double solutions" but I abandoned it, discouraged by criticisms which this attempt roused. In his 1952 paper Professor Bohm has taken up certain ideas from this article and commenting and enlarging on them in a most interesting way he has successfully developed important arguments in favour of a causal reinterpretation of quantum physics. Professor Bohm's paper has led me to take my old concepts up again, and with my young colleagues at the Institute Henri Poincaré, and in particular M. Jean-Pierre Vigier, we have been able to obtain certain encouraging results. M. Vigier working with Professor Bohm himself has developed an interesting interpretation of the statistical significance of |ψ|2 in wave mechanics... Professor Bohm...has shrewdly and carefully analyzed the idea of chance and has shown that it comes in at each stage in the progress of our knowledge, when we are not aware that we are at the brink of a deeper level of reality, which still eludes us. Convinced that theoretical physics has always led, and will always led, to the discovery of deeper and deeper levels of the physical world, and that this process will continue without any limit, he has concluded that quantum physics has no right to consider its present concepts definitive, and that it cannot stop researchers imagining deeper domains of reality than those which it has already explored. | <urn:uuid:b1691a3e-a1d9-43e0-b91b-2a2f6978b90e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.informationphilosopher.com/solutions/scientists/de_broglie/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.960735 | 1,790 | 3.171875 | 3 |
If you’ve kept up with my other videos, you know the basic stitches: chain, single crochet, and double crochet. At first, they might not seem like much. However, simple patterns like this one prove the basic stitches can create amazing projects. One such pattern is this Shell Crochet Pattern. Once you learn the steps, it… Read More Shell Crochet Pattern: Easy for Beginners
As promised in my video Easy Crochet Tutorial for Beginners: Granny Square, I have typed up a pattern for crocheting a granny square. Get your yarn here! The pattern gives detailed steps for the first three rounds. Then, it explains the pattern that you might have noticed so you can crochet as many rounds as you… Read More Granny Square Pattern
Ready for another stitch? Let’s learn to half double crochet! In my latest video, I share a new stitch that is perfect for beginners. This particular stitch took me awhile to discover, and it’s one I always seem to forget about. However, every time I use this stitch, I fall in love with it again.… Read More New Stitch: Learn to Half Double Crochet Fast!
In the world of crochet, new ideas are always hatching. But some patterns are timeless icons of the crochet world. Take, for instance, the granny square. This simple pattern is easily learned and quickly worked. With just a little bit of practice, you can whip up several squares and assemble them into something larger. Or,… Read More Wise Beyond Years: Granny Square Tutorial!
As promised in my How to Crochet in the Round video, I put together a basic crochet hat pattern. What I love about this hat pattern is it provides a canvas for embellishments: cuff the brim, add a ruffly edge, sew on buttons or add crochet flowers. The choice is yours! But however you decide… Read More Easy Crochet Hat Pattern for Beginners
Hey, fellow crafters! I hope you’ve been practicing your crochet stitches! Now that you know how to chain and single crochet, let’s add another stitch to your repertoire, the Double Crochet! Abbreviated “dc,” this stitch is my favorite because it is simple to master, has a fluid motion that allows for speedy progress, and can… Read More New Stitch: Learn How to Double Crochet!
…Aaand the long-awaited second Single Crochet Stitch video is here! 😉 Watch to learn how to complete the Single Crochet stitch. Now that you’ve mastered the stitch, why not try working a few rows? Keep practicing! Good luck! -Amanda | <urn:uuid:7b409a11-dd92-44cb-8bc2-391fd18a1429> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://craftersautonomous.com/tag/beginner-crochet/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.90511 | 557 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Part III. Chapter 5
The Necessity of Non-Dualism Today.
In this chapter, we will first consider the belief in the living liberated being (jivan mukta) as a possible link, even a hinge between ualism and non-dualism
The question of jivanmukta, the living liberated being, enables us to summarize both the proximity and the disagreement of dualist and non-dualist conceptions. Vedanta says that man can liberate himself in this very life fully and that his consciousness becomes one with the Absolute, dualists refuse this possibility.
To contextualize the question of the jivan-mukta
We can say that Christianity recognizes a single case of liberated living being, that of Jesus himself. I have detailed this question in the second part of this very book.. One the other hand, there are a few devotional schools in India like that of Madhva which categorically refuse the possibility of jivan-mikta; it is interesting to note that the logic of this refusal leads them to claim the existence of three different substances at the basis of God, the soul and the world respectively, and to also believe in eternal paradise and hell. Madhya’s followers are the only ones to strictly believe in that, apart from Jains. (2) They basically fall back on the ordinary Christian conception. On the contrary Vivekananda describes the jivan-mukta thus : ‘All time is in him, but he is not in time. All the paradises are in him, but he is not these paradises.’ (3) If we accept that suffering comes from ignorance and not from sin, it seems pretty natural to admit that a complete knowledge can liberate from bondage. An ancient Indian text says :‘Although consciousness is unknowable, one can nevertheless realize it.’ (4)
This leads us to establish an essential disctinction which is constant in India, but which is not so clear in Christianity : the difference between what can not be said and what can not be experienced. Indeed, we could make two lists of equally important quotations : God is revealed completly, especially through Jesus Christ, he can be seen face to face, and, on the contrary, God is inaccessible, ‘hidden in the cloud’. This contradiction has made much ink flow among Christian thinkers. The non-dualist solution is simple : one has to distinguish in the interpretation of ‘inaccessible’ the field of language and of reason from that of direct experience. Divine essence or the Absolute is inaccessible to the first, but accessible to the second. What is important is not to make God an object of knowledge, but to become knowledge itself. We find non-dualist institutions in the Old Testment : there is for instance this strange passage in Deuteronomy where one does not know any longer if it is God or Moses who is speaking (Deut 29, 1-6). Moses starts affirming : ‘All of you have seen what Yahwe has made in front of your eyes.’ Then he continues without transition (v. 4) : ‘I have led you forty years through the desert’ what can be understood either of Yahwe, either of Moses, or of both together, then, without any transition : ‘in order for you to know that I, Yahwe, I am your God’. One usually translates the introductory sentence of Psalm 90 by : ‘From Moses, the man of God’ which means the man who is God according to the usual turn of the Hebrew sentence. If the author had really wanted to say ‘the man of God’, he would have written ‘shel elohim’. This phrase of ‘man-God’ comes pretty often in the Book of the Kings, especially regarding Elisha and the miracles he accomplishes. (K IV, 21 for instance.).
For the Fathers, the complete deification of man is only possible after death : this corresponds to the notion of liberation at the time of separation from the body (vi-deha mukti) which is accepted by Vednta (besides jivan-mukti) and devotional schools as well. In the Old Testament, the expression ‘You will be like Gods’ is ambiguous; it is used by the snake to tempt Eve (Gen III, 5), but Yahwe can say to Moses : ‘You are a god for Aaron’ (Fx 4-16).
Dualists reject the idea of the knowledge of Gods’s essence, because they fear excessiveness. However, jivan-muktas of India show the example of perfect simplicity in their behaviour. On the other hand, from the theoritical viewpoint, they do not have any basis for pride because they can not have any ego left.
Dualists say that man can not know the essence of God, because, should he do so, he would become almighty, omniscient and creator. But a great non-dualist sage like Ramana Maharshi answers back saying that our anthropomorphic projections only lend three qualities to God : ‘The greatness of somebody increases in proportion with his humility. The reason of the supreme state of God, by which the whole universe bends in front of him, is His sublime humility which does not know the least ego, even during moments of inattention.’ (5) Likewise, when Ramana Maharshi was asked if he was omniscient, he would simply answer :‘I know everything I need to know.’ As for the creative power, it is not considered as supreme in Hinduism. The creator god (Brahma) is helped by an organizer, a good handworker who is called ‘Vishwakarman’, 'he who makes the world'. He is the tutelary god of the caste of handworkers and engineers...Moreover, this power of creation is not completly excluded among jivan-muktas : materializations are part of miracles which are reported in the life of Indian saints even in our century. The most well known guru in this field is Sathya Sai Baba, who is said to have fifty million followers throughout the world. Before saying that man cannot know God’s essence because he has not His powers, we should revise our conceptions of those, to wonder if they are not heavily anthropomorphic, influenced by the archetype of a superman possibly loaded with a super-ego...
Signs of non-dual experience among Christian mystics
The non-dual experience is the characteristic of the living liberated being, the jivan-mukta : his realization gives him a complete stability. Christian authors can be divided into two groups : the first one is mostly made of theologians or bishops and preachers : they reject this possibility with curses, seeing in it the sign of a ‘Luciferian pride’ and implicitly the first symptoms of disobedience to the hierarchy, which needs devotees’ sin to firmly settle the grip of its power..The second group, mainly including mystics, monks and hermits, thinks that this perfection without possibility of relapse is possible and hints with some nostalgia at the full deification right in this life which the dualisic theolgy forbids.
We can quote a few reflections of the authors of the first group who do not believe in the possibility of liberation from evil in this very life, a doubt which corresponds to the opinion and experience of most people. John of the Ladder speaks of the ‘perfect and never perfect perfection of the perfects...’ (6) It seems that Arsen was ever afraid to be in a state of sin, even on his deathbed : to his brothers who were seeing him crying at that moment and who were asking him : ‘In truth, you too, are you afraid, Father?’ ‘In truth’, he answered them, ‘the awe which is mine at this time has been accompanying me since I became a monk.’ And thus he fell asleep. (7) The common opinion is that, ‘passions continue to live, they are simply enchained by the saints'. (8)
However, when we read the experiences of mystics attentively, we find many hints about experiences of non-duality and of stable perfection. Often, they try to correct their ‘blunder’ by saying that their union with God is only within the limits of the difference of natures, but this sounds like a secondary rationalization of the experience itself . In the very New Testament there is an avowal of Saint Peter which puts theologians in a quandary. He says in his Second Epistle (II P I, 4) ‘...in order for us to become ‘common’ to the divine nature’ (theias koinonoi phuseos). Koinonoi really means ‘common’, ‘sharing’ is a tampered translation. Symeon the New Theologian says : ‘For the perfects who are already in the divine Light, the day of the Lord (the day of Judgment) will not come’, (9) or again ‘0 divine Love, he who has known Thee or has been known by Thee cannot conceive doubts any longer.’ (10) It was the same Symeon who would affirm not only the possibility, but probably the necessity of the state of liberated living being when he was saying : ‘He who has not seen God in this life will not see him in the other.’ Seraphim of Sarov, in his famous talk with Molotov, does not fall short of this when he says : ‘One must reach to the perfect measure of Christ’s stature... Then, this joy we feel in this moment, which is partial and brief, will appear in all its fulness and fulfil our being of ineffable delights which nobody will be able to rob.’ (11) He clearly speaks of an experience which happens right in this life. Certain Fathers acknowledge that the war between vice and virtue ends, that one becomes all light and that grace ceaselessly acts. (12) Then, ‘the wax of the intellect fully becomes divine Light.’
John Bar Kaldun, from the Syrian monastic tradition, describes spiritual progress in way which reminds us of the Upanishads : ‘The body becomes mystically subtile and takes the place of the soul. The soul takes the place of the intelligence, the intelligence of the spirit and the spirit becomes God it is truly God and the body, the soul and the intelligence serve it. Leave me, brother, and do not oblige me to speak of this state any longer. He who has become worthy of it does not need to be instructed from outside any longer, he is his own master’. (13) As often, we find interwoven the notion of complete unity with the Divine and the notion of complete liberation from bondage right in this life. In the Katha Upanishad, the following progression is found (3, 6, 10-12) ‘Higher than the senses are the objects of sense, higher that the objects of sense is the mind (manas), higher the intellect (Buddhi), higher is the Great Self (Atma), higher the Unmanifest (avyakta), and higher the Person (Purusha). Higher than the Person there is nothing at all, that is the goal, that is the highest course. Although it is hidden in all things, that soul (atman) shines not forth. However, it is seen by subtle seers, with superior, subtle intellect.’
A simile which comes back often among dualist mystics is that of the soul as a pure mirror of the Divine : we find the same comparison among non-dualists where intellect itself is considered as a reflection of the Self. When one ponders over this, how can a mirror reflect the formless infinite if it is not itself infinite and formless, which means one with it by essence? There is no room for the veil of distinction in this complete transparence which is hinted at in this recent mystic of Mount Athos : ‘When we are completly divested, this looking of God on us will become vision of God for us.’ (14) When there is only looking left, this means that there is only one consciousness without any particular object of insight : this is the very definition of non-dual experience.
There exists a knowledge beyond the duality of human and divine substances. Is not this knowledge hinted at by Sain Nil of Sinai when he said : ‘Prayer is the prelude of transubstantial knowedge’ (15). John of the Ladder quotes the verse of Psalm 46 which was dear to Ramana Maharshi : ‘Be silent, and know that I am God,’ and he simply adds, ‘and I am the impassibility (apatheia)’. He does not say, ‘I reflect myself into the impassibility’, he says, ‘I am the impassibility’, when he makes God speak. This means that this stoppage of the mind which is apatheia is complete and undifferentiated union to the Divine : thus exactly falling back on the definition of Yoga at the beginning of Patanjali’s aphorisms : ‘Yoga (union) is the stoppage of mind movements.’ When this cessation of every movement occurs, ego disappears and the subject becomes one with the Absolute.
Can the essence of the incomprehensible God be revealed to the mystic?
To this question, non-dualists will answer ‘yes’ and dualists ‘no’. It is interesting to take again arguments which have been advanced by John Chrysostome supporting God’s incomprehensibility and to reconsider them from the non-dualist point of view.
John Chrysostome was opposing Anomeans who were affirming that one could know God. To clarify the discussion, we should distinguish as we did above intellectual knowlwdge from experiential knowledge. The first does not enable one to know God; it would come to discover ‘God’s equation’. The second, on the contrary, enables one to get identified to the pure divine consciousness if we follow non-dualism in that. Anomeans may have developed a real path of knowledge, at least for a few of them, in spite of the accusations of rationalism leveled by John Chrysostome. Nevertheless, we will only discuss at this higher level the relationship between the path of knowledge and incomprehensibility of God.
We cannot, though, completly neglect the context : their unpleasant atmosphere of polemics, of persecuting heretics; and when John was stopping for a while, it was only to attack the Jews.
John Chrysostome was not himself a silent person : he is the most prolific author of the Greek Patrology with 18 volumes to his credit. He needed to preach for his personal balance; he said, ‘My preaching heals me.’ (16) This is not a very good psycho-spiritual sign...
His style does not sound proper for true meditation on deeper truths. He speaks of Anomeans in these terms : ‘Believe me, a quiver of horror grasps me when I have to name their idea, for I am trembling to express though my mouth what they ceaselessly stir up in their mind. What is the root of all these evils? It came when somebody dared say : ‘I know God as God knows Himself.’ Does such a claim needs disproving?... There is in that an obvious madness, an unforgivable dementia, a quite new kind of impiety; nobody yet dared to put anything of this sort in his mind or to express it through his mouth.’ (17) However, this definition of Anomeans’ basic proposition corresponds well to a non-dualist path which is common in the East, and which is usually not suspected of dementia, at least in Hinduism and Buddhism.
Chrysostome’s fundamental argument is simple : we know only very little of the working of the universe, so how could we know God’s essence as an object, but to realize that we are that essence already. Besides, why should we try to know the functioning of the universe completly? At close scrutiny, this only represents problems of mechanics which are not the main thing. On the contrary, knowing God’s essence is a very intersting aim which deserves our spiritual endeavours.
To reconcile the prophets’ words, ‘I have seen God face to face,’ with Saint Paul’s 'At present, we only see God in part’, we can put forth two interpretations at least : first, Saint Paul may have said this ‘in part’ out of humility, in order not to shock the readers of his epistle. Or, a second interpretation which is less expected: he actually only knew God in part when he was writing his epistle : he was in his work phase, being quite busy to create communities in various areas of the Roman empire. Later, he may have seen God completly before his martyrdom, the proximity of physical death accelerating the death of the ego and of his identifications to a role of missionary or of preacher. He did not want, or was not able to speak of this experience. It is an hypothesis which cannot be proved, but which cannot be disproved either.
There would be other points to discuss, but let us come to the crux of the mater : John Chrysostome, as a bishop in charge of the discipline, actually does not like mystics : ‘If God forbids us this knowledge on the way by which souls happen to be in the body, it is in order to shut up our mouth and to contain us more easily, in order to teach us to remain in our humble condition, not to want to scrutinize what is beyond us and to renounce an indiscreet curiosity.’ (18) In more direct terms, it represents a condemnation of a genuine mysticism, and in exchange His Lordship John proposes for us a parochial-like limited pietism. It is a pity so many listended to and followed him.
Non-Dualism in the West : Theory and Practice
I have nothing technical to say about the practices of non-dualism in the West, I send everyone to the spiritual teacher he follows. But I can say I am convinced that a practice is necessary. In Indian tradition, the true teching of non-duality was mostly imparted from master to disciple, as in Zen as well; people like Vivekananda came and supported the idea of Vedanta possible for everyone. The risks of an ill-interpreted non-duality are obvious. First, there is the primary reasoning according to which ‘everything is in everything, so I can do anything.’ Here, we should understand a difference in the cultural context : the Hindu can rather easily dispense with a personal God because they consider the law of karma as well-evident. They firmly believe in a responsability of the individual which is ever extended to later births. I think there cannot be any serious teaching of non-duality, of the impermanence and of the unreality of the world if there is not an education of the sense of responsability at the same time.
Another risk of the non-dualist teaching and of the path of ‘spontaneous realization’ is laziness. The problem is not new. The Zen Master Myoe was already complaining of that in the XIIIth century : ‘The Law is without aspect; so, there will appear disciples who like to lie down easily’, Another risk is pride: the difficulty is not to repeat 'I 'I am God', 'I am realized', parrots could probably do this should they be so trained. The difficulty is to have a real awakening. Moreover, a minimum of common sense allows one to understand that one can hardly say ‘I am awakened’, since, if one is really so, who is there to say ‘I’? It is true that one has the impression, while reading traditional non-dualist texts, that awakening can occur like the stroke of a magic wand. But at the same time, magic is called ‘maya’ in Sanskrit, and this very maya must be brought to an end. Is someone who is still fascinated by the magic of the manifold world able, by an additional magic trick, to make Reality emerge ? After new philosophers and new poors, will we see new sophists trying to justify an absence of practice by intellectual jugglery? Non-duality means a loss of support, it is like being suspended in the void. Who dares jump?
A notion which should be well understood is that of ‘beyond the pairs of opposites’. The jnani (non-dualist sage) is certainly beyond good and bad, but rather on the good side all the same... He has no reason whatsoever to do a bad action, which would be anyhow inspired by an ego he does not have any longer. He is rather beyond the notion of pure and impure, he has also gone beyond the rituals. Sometimes, he may have questionable behaviors in the eyes of his disciples, but he does not have to justify humself by explanations or reasonings : the very intensityof his love is sufficent for them to understand that the sage acts for the longterm good of others. Spiritual masters may be dualist or non-dualist, they should be evaluated in the light of the words of the Gospel : ‘Judge the tree by its fruit.’ Is the one who hints he is liberated really liberated from the dependency on money, on the sexual force and on his social image of spiritual teacher ? How has he gone beyond the tendency to manipulate ? If one lives next to him for some time and keeps these criteria ever in mind, he must be able to realize quite well what is the level of the master and to know if the first attraction he has felt towards him is justified or not.
Another subject which could be pondered upon if one wishes to see the development of a credible non-dualism in the West is the law of supply and demand : up to which extent is the spiritual ‘market’ governed by this law, or can transcend it ? Shirdi Sai Baba, probably the most well known saint in XXth century India, would have liked to give Liberation to his visitors, but these were most often approaching him for material graces or miracles. He reluctantly accomplished them while saying : ‘I give them what they want, waiting for the time when they ask me what I want to give them.’ Many ‘seekers’ mostly want to listen to what pleases them. They go to meet a psychologist, or why not a spiritaual teacher, it is more prestigious, in order to have their wrongful doings approved and to buy ‘indulgences’ like in the Middle Ages; in their modern form, these indulgences can correspond to promises of the paradise of Realization without effort, the fatigue being left to primitive people who do not know either the ‘high speed trains’ or the spiritual elevators, but are content to walk on their two feet and to depend upon their own strength. The Indian proverb : ‘When the disciple is ready, the guru arrives,’ has its negative side, its shadow also : ‘When the disciple is ready to be cheated about himself, gurus teem around’...
A defect of present-day Westerners in comparison with the traditional mode of teaching is that they embark on the on the spiritual care of others, the opening of a center, etc...There is in that a mixture of new convert proselytism and also often of financial necessity. Even if by this activity of spiritual care, they can develop certain spiritual skills, their inner progress risks being barred, complicated by a problem of double personality, that of the teacher and that of the private person which are stuck together in the same body.
If we wish a credible practice of non-dualism, we should also seriously consider a reduction of mental pollution which comes from the excess of information, especially of violent or sensational images. Everything which penetrates in the mind leaves its trace on it, on this point psychology and yoga agrees. Spiritual experience does not need an intermediary, it is immediate, I would like to be able to say ‘im-media’, without medias, in order to condensate in a word the necessity of seriously putting at a distance this new form of pollution.
To conclude this section on the theory and practice of non-dualism in the West and on the necessity of discernment, I would like to come back once more to the wisdom of the ancients : this time, two Chinese sayings come to my mind :’ Attracting many people most often is not proof of wisdom, but of skillfulness,’ and ‘He who knows practices, he who does not know , he teaches...’
The Last Countrpoint of the Two and the One
If we wish a true dialogue between dualism and non-dualism, it is important to know what non-dualism thinks of dualism. This is what I have tried to show precisely throughtout this paper. Usually, the comparision between these two tendencies, dualism and non-dualism, is made by Christian theologians or by academicians who feel obliged to remain most often in a ‘desinfected neutrality’. Such is not my point of view. These questions are important for spiritual life, and it is good to speak of them from inside. As for me, having been residing for nine years in India, I follow a non-dualist path, that of Vendanta.
In a way, there is only a minute difference between the two paths at the top. Dualism tends towards its own limit, and non-dualism reaches it; however, from the viewpoint of the mystic, this minute difference can represent a great abyss, a real night of the mind : this occurs when he realizes that the deity with whom he could speak, of whom he could have visions, gets dissolved, and that his form may have been only a projection of his own mind. If he goes through this trial, he discovers the Deity beyond God, what we could also call the ‘metatheism’ beyond monotheism.
One cannot follow all the paths at the same time. However, it is often said in India that wihin a true bhakta, a jnani hides and within a true jnani, a bhakta hides. Love and knowledge are on a par. Vivekananda could say : ‘True atheism consists in not believing in oneself’. Spiritual masters of contemporary India like Ramakrishna, Ma Anandamayi and at present Ma Amritanandamayi show well that there is a state where one can come and go between love and knowledge with perfect ease.
One can find in the Gospels, especially in the discourse at the Last Supper in John, ‘great words’, analogous to the mahavakyas of the Upanishads like ‘You are That’, ‘I am Brahman’, etc. They can be used as objects of meditation by Christians who want to evolve towards non-dualism : ‘I am in my Father, you are in me and I in you,’ (Jn. XIV, 10) or else : ‘May all be one as Thou, Father, are in me and I am in Thee, may they also be one in us.’ (Jn. XVII, 20) Another ‘great word’ to meditate on for non-dualist Christians comes from Saint Paul : ‘I do not live any longer, but Christ lives in me’. (Gal, II, 20) In this affirmation, who is this ‘I’ who speaks?
Elsewhere, one can also find certain formulae which resound like mantras : for instance Spinoza’s famous expression : ‘The love by which the soul loves God is a part of the love by which God loves Himself.’ (20) Or these words of Ma Anandamayee which she used to repeat : ‘The eternal Self, the eternal pilgrim, they are He, He only’. Eugraph Kovalevsky, an Orthodox bishop, recommends a prayer whose experimental efficacity is absolute according to him: it may be due to the fact that it is a direct expression of a non-dualist Christianity; this prayer is very simple : ‘Love Thyself in me.’ (21)
Saint Paul would oppose philosopher’s wisdom preferring the craziness of devotion to Christ; but it seems that devotion has become too familial a wisdom : to the Father and the Son was added the Mother, all that looks like a good child’s conception; but the one who follows a real path of knowledge can be called a genuine mad for God, because he is in a state where there are neither mad nor God.
Non-dualism is especially interesting for a monk - this is especially known in India. For does the one whose name ‘alone’ ‘one’ (from monos), not long towards Unity? Why should he be sentenced to a life of duality by a theology which rests too much on the ordinary and common experience of duality?
The beggar who has only one coin clings to it desperately because he has nothing else. Is it not a sign of lack of mystical experience if certain theologians see differences where he who has the full richness of inner experience only sees unity? One may object that I have ‘pulled the blanket’ in the non-dualist sense during this article and that I have not taken the dualistic context in which most of my quotations have been uttered. But it is precisely because they have been spoken in this dualist context that we can be sure they sprang up from the experience itself rather than from any education cultural conditioning. After having been content during his youth, with dualism, a dualism which remains a metaphysics of dependence, the mystic longs, when maturity comes, to experience the metaphysics of the One, the Alone and the Independent. The path of knowledge leads to tolerance due to its apophatic method which consists in regularly rejecting set ideas, and not icentifying to a given name of the Absolute. It is a solace to see that at a time when Christianity had a rather passionate policy of expansion and conversion, a mystic like Pseudo-Denys could write : ‘Everything which is not according to this truth disappears before the undisputable stability of intrisnsic truth. Thus, having adopted this opinion which I consider good, I never look for controversies with Greeks or with others, because it is sufficent for me to know the truth; may God grant this me.’ (22)
There is an interesting comparison to make between the Christian Orient and this other Orient which is India regarding non-dual experience : the uncreated light which is so important in Orthodox mysticism, seems to be one with ‘svaprakasha’, the spontaneous light of the Self which is often spoken of in Vedanta. After all, why would two different lights take birth from this Orient where one sun rises?
There is not such a great difference between the path of devotion which says : ‘I am Thine’ and the path of knowledge which says ‘I am Thou’. In every path, the intensity of exprience is important. Through experience, one reaches Love, or the felicity of complete Knowledge (vijnanananda). In conclusion to this study, I would like to let Kabir speak, this great sage who was an illiterate weaver of Banaras :
‘If I say ‘One’, it is not that,
If I say ‘two’, it is calumny.
Kabir has much meditated on that :
It is as it is.’ (23)
(j'ai copie-colle seulemement cette page, la p.169 ne passe pas vers a la fin de Part 3 ch4 peut-etre parce qu'il n'y a pas de page supplementaire dans la numerotation)
1) Brosse Jacques ‘Le Zen et 1‘Occident’ Albin Michel, Spiritualites vivantes, 1992.
2) Crant Saru ‘Towards an Alternative Theology-Confessions of a Non-dualist Christian’ Asian Trding Corporation, Banglore, 500025, India 1991.
3) Pr-donys ‘In theologia mystiqan - Leteers’ Migix, 1994, p. 8.
4) Lossky Vkrollndr sur In thrologto myst izan de I Fg 1990. ch. 11.
5) Loowbe O. of Candet.. ‘L’ experience the Soi, desclee de brovwer for the number, 1981, second
6) Brosse op.clt. p. 250.
7) id. p. 249.
8) Camus Albert. ‘La Peste’ Gallimard, 1990. p. 276.
9) Pannikar Raimands ‘The Unknown Christ of Hindusim’ Durton, Longman et Todd, Lontres, 1990.
10) Cite par Staal ‘Neoplatunism and Vedonta’, p. 10.
11) ‘Sermons sur le Zen’ truchrists par M. ec M. Shibata, Albin Michel, Spiritualites Vivances. 1993. p. 138-139.
12) Clianent Olivier ‘Perdiacv’ Dective de 1990. p. 152.
13) Lossky, op. cit. p. 119.
14) Climent, op. cit. p. 152.
(Fin des notes du Ch IV, a copier coller a l'endroit correspondant) 15) Varela Francisco ‘L’inscription corporelle de I ‘esprit’ Seuil, 1993, section. ‘le sai au oceur de la tempete’ p. 97-130.
16) Nisargadatta Maharaj ‘Prior to consciousness’ Accn Press, USA, 1985, p. 121.
17) Maitre Eckhart ‘Sermons’ Seuil, Vol. II p. 147 (Sermon ‘Beati Pauperes in spiritu’)
18) Bader Jonathan ‘Meditation in Shankara Vedanta’ Aditya Prakashan, Delhi, 1990 ch. III.
19) Vigne Jacques ‘Le Maitre et le therapeute’ Albin Michel, Spiritualites vivantes, 1991.
20. Nisargadatta Maharaj, op. cit. p. 90.
21) Nisargadatta Maharaj : "Seed op Consciousness". Grove Press, Ncwlork, 19982, Edited by Dun.
22) Weidenfels Hans ‘La meditation en Orient et on Occident Seuil, 1975, 1981, p. 59.
23) Bloom Antony in ‘Etudes carmelitaines-Technique et contemplation’ DDB, 1949. p. 50.
24) Kadloubovsky E. and Palmer C.E. II. ‘Early Fathers from the Philokalia’ 1954, 1981, p. 140.
25) id. p. 141.
26) Guy Jean-Michel ‘Paroles des anciens - Apophtegmes des Peres du desert’ Seuil, Hints-Sgesse, 1976, p. 42.
27) Lossky op. cit. p. 197.
28) ‘The Mountain Path’ Ramanashram-Tiruvanaotalai-June 1994, p. 76.
29) Lassky op. cit. p. 128.
30) Maitre Eckhart ‘Sermons’ Vol. I Seuil, p. 65 (Omne Datum Optimum).
31) Sharma Chandradhar ‘A critical Survey of Indian Philosophy’ Motilal Banarsi Das , Delhi, 1987. p. 367-371.
1) Vigne Jacques 'The Indian Teaching tradition', on this very website, and BRPC, Delhi, 1996, part 1, section on vedanta.
2) Sharma op. cit, p. 372.
3) Vivekananda ‘Jñana-Yoga’ Advaita Astram, Calcutta, 1937, p. 320.
4) ‘Tripura Rahasya’ Ramanashram, Tiruvanamalai, 1989, p. 123.
5) Godman David in ‘The Mountain Path’ Dec. 93, Ramanashram, Tiruvanamalai, p. 182.
6) Saint Jean Climaque ‘L’ Echelle Sainte’ Abbaye de Belletontaine, 1987, p. 302.
7) Guy, op. cit. p. 30.
8) id. p. 40.
9) Lossky, op. cit. p. 234.
10) id. p. 209.
11) id. p. 227.
12) Deseille Placide ‘L’ evangile au desert’ O.E.I.L. 1985, p. 207
13) id. p. 318-319
14) ‘Le Mont Athos aujourd'hui' numero special du ‘Messager’ orthodoxe, 1985, p. 55
15) Kodloubovsky, op. cit. p. 137
16) Jean Chrysostome ‘Homelies sur l'incomprehensibilite de Dieu’ presentees par J.Y. Leloup, Albin Michel, Spiritualites Chretiennes, 1993, p. 15
17) id. p. 88
I hope that this attempt to show howa spiritually and intellectually cultured Hindu would understand Christianity and its mode of transmitting spiritual experience will be useful to the readers. At the end of this text, it seems important to me to again question the notions and ideas about comparative religions from a relative perspective Speaking from a strictly intellectual point of view, distinctions can be made ad infinitum, from a spiritual point of view, however, the experience of the Real comes when the mind, the ‘distinguishing machine’ stops. Then only, can be mysticism of different traditions blossom. Ramana Maharishi asks a question which helps to feel this: "What happens to all these ideas when one is deep asleep?" There lies the experience of knowledge of Gnosis, whether ancient or modern, as Raymond Abellio also explains in his "Manifesto of the new Gnosis". (1)
There is everything in Christianity to enable a seeker to reach the peak of spiritual life, if he can attain true tolerance, which is quite different from grudgingly accepting other religions as a neccessary evil. It means accepting their particular genius, and understanding the ways in which the mystics of each of these religions have succeeded in going beyond them. If I do not feel this acceptance and understanding, I distance myself and I have experienced that this distancing from groups which have closed in upon themselves always brought me closer to the goal of spiritual life as I envisage it. However, true tolerance is difficult, as the following story about the archimandrite of Jerusalem shows : being an Armenian, the archimandrite could not stand the Turks who had massacred his people : "I detest the Turks", he said, "I know Christ has taught us to love our eremies; but he said this before the Turks arrived...."
Thomas Merton narrated that his first real contact with spirituality was when he met a Hindu monk who advised him to read Saint Augustine’s "Confessions" and ‘The Imitation of Jesus Christ’. He followed his advice, and then entered the Cistercian order where he become the Master ot the novices; he wrote about fifty books on Christian spirituality. Thirty years later he had the opportunity of travelling to India, where he was advised by the Tibetans to become the disciple of a really experienced spiritual master. On the 16th of November 1968 he wrote in his diary : "It is a matter of finding a man who is right for me." (2) Three weeks later he died in an accident in Bangkok where he had been invited to attend an inter-religious conference. I do not think that, to Merton, becoming the disciple of a guru meant conversion. It would just have lent an added depth to his spiritual life. In the same way, Swami Abhishiktananda (Father Le Saux) was not converted to Hinduism when he wrote in his ‘Journal’ : "Christ should be studied not through ‘mythos’, but through the accessible reality of the ‘Jnani’ or the guru." (3) When a mystic treads the inner path, he speaks a language which every religion can recognize, for he is conscious of happiness and he dwells in the happiness of conciousness. This sort of experience is also perceptible through poetry. For example, Hindus and Christians alike will be able to appreciate these words written by Marie Noel :
"My Lord, infinite source of human kindness,
While going to sleep, I let my heart flow into you
Like a vase fallen in the water of the fountain
Which you fill with yourself-without us." (4)
The Church should rid itself of the dangerous dream of complete politico-metaphysical unity. In each century this drives people to martyrdom, and crushes genuine spiritual vocations, if these are too independent. Let us dream for a little while : if Christianity had developed in the Hindu manner, it would have been constituted of a confederation of schools, not of heresies. Each Christian would have been encouraged to study these different schools, which would have enhanced his intelligence and adviced to follow that school which most suited his temperament, without denigrating the others. This Hindu model of a confederation of religious groups with diverse ideas could serve as an inspiration for a religion of the 21st century : a confederation means there will neither be a mixing of ideas, nor competition between them. The institutions, of course, have their internal logic, and cannot change easily. They follow their paths, and as for me, I follow mine without worrying about all that.
It is interesting to see the actual evolution of Indian Christianity according to some recent articles. Christianity has made progress in the non-Hindu areas of animistic worship, but it is not widespread among Hindus. Within Christianity itself, there is the tendency towards a disaffection from big institutions and Churches which has benefited small, independent groups. This does not mean that all these small groups are centered around genuine spiritual masters far from it, but at least there is the tendency of religious practice within an independent, more humane and smaller structure. Among Catholics, perhaps because the conflict with the central authority cannot be expressed openly, the discussion becomes centered on other points: discussions have begun on how much Christianity should be Indianized, both in its mystical and philosophical vocabulary or in its liturgical practices. Globally the situation is changing: these are hard times for empires, whether ideological or religious.
The real mystic, the spiritual master, is ‘atopos’ or "place-less" like Socrates. He is everywhere and nowhere : if he seems to be at a place, it is to better communicate with his followers. He lives on two levels at one time : the one in which he is adapted to the slightest conditioning of his environment, and the other in which he is completely free, identified with the Absolute. Between the unwieldiness of the big institutions with their many constraints on the one hand, and the superficiality of the would-be-mystics born through spontaneous generation, on the other, the spiritual master represents the middle path: he is the tradition and he remains himself.
Just as this book comes to a close, I am getting ready to return to the silence of meditation in a room overlooking Ganges and the foothills of Himalayas. I remember my meeting, some months ago, with the Master of the novices of the Carthusian convent, the only member of the community with whom a visitor was allowed to talk. I had narrated the following story about the Fathers of the desert to him, and he told me that the Carthusians liked it so much that they included it in their Constitutions : "Just as he was leaving, a visitor who was about to leave told an Elder and his disciples that he was going to see the Pope and asked the Elder if he had any message for the Pope. ‘How could our words enlighten him, if our silence has not?’ replied the Elder."
References Last Reflections
1. R. Abellio, "La Nouvelle Gnose" (The New Gnosis), N.R.F. Essais, Gallimard, 1989. Abellio also inspired Bernard Besret: "Confiteor", Albin Michel Paroles Vives, 1991.
1.2 Gilles Farcet, "Thomas Merton", Albin Michel, 1990, p. 122.
1.3 H. Le Saux "La Montee an fond du coeur" (Rising from the Depth of the Herar) diary, Oeil, 1986, p. 420.
1.4 Marie Noël "Les Chansons et les heures" (Songs and Hours), Gallimard, 1935, 1983, p. 27. | <urn:uuid:a2b21aac-29a1-4c2e-941a-bac6f087b5ec> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://jacquesvigne.com/JV/english/b1p3ch5.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.952472 | 9,804 | 2.25 | 2 |
People often ask about the Desktop ToDo list that appears in my academic citation tutorial. So, here’s the scoop on this simple and elegant ToDo list system, which can be easily synchronized across multiple (Mac) computers.
Here’s what you need to set this stuff up.
Mac OS X. I don’t know of any good windows analogues for Quicksilver and Geektool. Let us know if you do!
- Create a new Shell geeklet in the Geektool preference pane
- Enter the command: cat PathToYourList/YourList.txt
- To synchronize multiple computers, make sure the file is in a Dropbox folder.
- On the Quicksilver > Plugins page, add the ‘Text Manipulation Actions’ plugin. Then make sure ‘Append’ box is checked on the Preferences > Actions page.
- Now you can append text to any .TXT file — but only files with that extension.
- Download the Completed script.
- Open it with ScriptEditor and set the path to your Completed.txt file.
- Add the Completed.scpt script to the folder YourUsername/Library/Application Support/Quicksilver/Actions. Create this folder if it doesn’t exist yet.
And that’s it! As always, be sure to leave your thoughts, ideas or improvements in the comments below.
Soul Physics is authored by Bryan W. Roberts. Thanks for subscribing.
Want more Soul Physics? Try the Soul Physics Tweet.
- The three-way duel
- Sellars and the Philosophy of Physics | <urn:uuid:6ead114a-486b-4edd-9c67-194ec46f3b08> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.soulphysics.org/2010/06/elegant-desktop-todo-list/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.784918 | 343 | 1.53125 | 2 |
All About BTC, LTC, ETH mining as well as other alternative crypto currencies
The C++ implementation of the Ethereum client (cpp-ethereum) is getting more user friendly with the new AlethOne GUI intended to simplify the mining process for users that are not into programming and hate to use console-based software. The AlethOne GUI is going to be a part of the eth client, though currently it is only available in a release candidate form and it will be interfacing with the eth client. The first time you run the GUI it will ask you for a password and will generate an Ethereum wallet address, then start synchronizing the blockchain. The good thing is that AlethOne presents the user with a simple interface and reports in an easy to read details about the functionality of the eth client in the backend such as the Ether balance you have or the blockchain synchronization status or even the hashrate when mining. As for the mining you get an easy option for solo mining or pool mining with a field to enter the pool URL to mine at and after you have mined some coins you have the option to easily initiate a transfer to another account.
So far the latest release candidate of AlethOne looks quite nice and works decently, though there are apparently some more things that need work before the final release is available. For example it seems that the mining is only working on the first GPU and if you have multiple video cards that you want to mine with there is no way to tell the miner to use them all form the GUI apparently. The Withdraw functionality also needs some more work in te form of any feedback returned in the AlethOne GUI regarding the execution of the transaction such as if it was successful or not etc. Regardless things are already looking good and the AlethOne GUI with some more improvement and fixes is definitely something that Ethereum needs in order to become easier to be used by not so advanced users – basic wallet and mining functionality in a streamlined desktop client.
It seems that there is new wave of Ethereum Ether (ETH) mining pools, but the good news is that the next new pool is not operated by some unknown entity, but is instead launched by Suprnova. This means a familiar interface for miners that requires registration, but if you already have one for any of the other Supernova pools you can also use it for their Ethereum pool as well. And while the new Ethereum Supernova pool is still in live beta as it is still being worked on, you can expect good quality of service and reliability, as well as response to possible issues. So definitely a place you might want to check for your Ethereum mining pool needs. The Suprnova Ethereum mining pool allows for automatic and manual request of payouts at any time provided that you have a balance of minimum 0.01 ETH and there is a 0.001 ETH transaction fee applied to payouts, the pool fee is 1%.
Getting started with Suprnova:
ethminer -G -F http://eth.suprnova.cc:3000/yourworker.1/20
The above command line is an example you can use to get started mining with ethminer at Supernova, you just need to replace the example yourworker.1 with your own worker and the default hashrate value of 20 (suitable for a single high-end GPU such as Radeon 280X) to the respective hashrate of your mining rig and you are ready to go (registration is required for the pool and you need to create workers if you don’t already have). The above example is for mining using the OpenCL version of ethminer, for using the CUDA fork you need to replace the parameter
-U and you should be ready to go. If you are new to Ethereum you might want to first check out our Quick Guide on How to Mine Ethereum on Windows as a good starting point.
AlphaPool is a new mining pool for mining Ethereum’s Ether (ETH) coins that has just been launched today, bringing the total number of active pools to 5. While it is never a bad thing to have a choice between multiple mining pools, a few days ago there was just one – Ethpool and when it stopped accepting new miners people had to go solo until new pools started appearing. We are still yet to see someone release open source code for a mining pool for Ethereum however. But back to AlphaPool, it promises some nice things to miners, that is why competition is good, no transaction fee and 0% pool fee for the first week then just 1%, there is also no mention of a minimum amount of Ether to be mined before a payout. One drawback however, there is no option for users to set their miner’s hashrate (difficulty) through the miner which can make it pointless for low hashrate miners to try mining at the pool as they may not be able to get much shares solved and submitted. Since this is a brand new pool there are not much miners on it yet, so it may take a bit more time before enough people gather for blocks to start getting solved.
Getting started with AlphaPool:
ethminer -F http://alphaminer.xyz:8080?miner=0x683feddafc2a8542744a4587de0c45626d7b8e68 -G
The above command line is an example you can use to get started mining with ethminer at AlphaPool, you just need to replace the wallet address with your own Ethereum wallet and you are ready to go. Do note that the URL of the pool and the mining address for it are slightly different. The above line is for mining using the OpenCL version of ethminer, for using the CUDA fork you need to replace the parameter
-U and you should be ready to go. As already mentioned there is no user set variable to allow for setting up the miner hashrate (difficulty) through the ethminer command line. If you are new to Ethereum you might want to first check out our Quick Guide on How to Mine Ethereum on Windows as a good starting point. | <urn:uuid:72fc1605-4593-46f3-afaf-ad52d492a031> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cryptomining-blog.com/tag/ethereum-pool-mining/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00150-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951348 | 1,250 | 1.539063 | 2 |
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry met with the Belgian Prime Minister on Friday to support Belgium after terrorist attacks there killed dozens and wounded hundreds this week.
Kerry spoke in English, French and Flemish, saying, “We are Brussels.” A similar expression was used after attacks in Paris to show support for the victims.
Kerry said, “We will not be intimidated. We will not be deterred” by terrorists. He said the international community will work until it has eliminated “your cowardice from the face of the Earth.”
More than 30 people were killed and 260 wounded in the attacks. The Islamic State terrorist group has claimed responsibility.
On Friday, officials said two Dutch citizens living in New York City were among the dead. The two, Alexander and Sascha Pinczowski, were killed when a bomb exploded at the Brussels airport.
Two Americans, Justin Shults and his wife Stephanie, from Kentucky, have not been heard from since the attacks, reported NBC News.
Belgian federal prosecutors say six suspects have been detained. They continue to investigate the Belgian and Paris attacks. They said they believe the militants lived in Brussels.
Netherlands Interior Minister Ronald Plasterk said, “Everybody feels the attack on Belgium was an attack on Europe and the values we stand for together. Europe has been under attack before. But we’ve always defended liberty and democracy and we will do that together.”
Michael Hayden is the former director of the U.S. National Security Agency and the CIA. He told VOA the Brussels attack was “almost inevitable. I realize that’s a pretty dramatic word, but if you look at what has happened -- the soft targets, the transportation targets, the maximum civilian casualties -- [it’s] something we could see.”
Hayden also said it is “certainly not the last” attack the Islamic State terrorist group will carry out. He says the group has a “network that seems to be active and thriving in the heart of Europe.”
Hayden said European intelligence and security agencies should increase the amount of information they share.
I’m Christopher Jones-Cruise.
Correspondents Marissa Melton, Lisa Bryant and William Gallo reported this story. Christopher Jones-Cruise adapted it for VOA Learning English. (Name) was the editor.
We want to hear from you. Write to us in the Comments Section, or visit our Facebook page.
Words in This Story
metro – n. the name often given to a city’s underground train system, also called a subway
intimidate – v. to make (someone) afraid
deter – v. to prevent (something) from happening
implement – v. to begin to do or use (something, such as a plan); to make (something) active or effective
inevitable – adj. sure to happen
thrive – v. to grow or develop successfully; to flourish or succeed | <urn:uuid:77ef537a-a55f-458d-b5de-7f5ef2f45076> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/kerry-says-we-are-brussels/3254785.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722951.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00211-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960594 | 632 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Working Towards Using the Socratic Method
Printer Friendly Version
By Robert L. Holder
The Socratic method is something like woodcarving. Just as a woodcarver removes layers of wood to get at the form of the object he is carving, the Socratic method is used to carve away all suppositions contrary to what is true about a given idea. It’s a way at getting at the positive by focusing on the negative. The teacher employing the Socratic method uses a series of questions to test the logic and facts of the beliefs of those he is teaching. It is not direct instruction. The technique at the heart of the Socratic method is called elenchos in the Greek, which can be translated as cross-examination. A student schooled in the Socratic method is taught to think and to take the truths that have been revealed by this whittling process and see where they apply to other ideas or beliefs.
The Socratic method requires a strict adherence to the rules of logic and proper reasoning. Since the teacher’s questions are designed to show the student where his reasoning is faulty, those who use the Socratic method must have a solid understanding of logic. Those who are instructed using the Socratic method will develop their abilities to think logically and use proper reasoning. It was Socrates belief that knowledge of the truth is an innate part of man that must be “given birth” or brought out through the questioning process. The Greek term for this birthing process is called maieutics.
Homeschoolers who are interested in the Socratic method must first develop their own ability to think and reason logically. Nathaniel Bluedorn has written a booklet, Learning Logic at Home, that will help parents find resources to learn more about the study of logic and how to implement it in their homeschool learning. It is available for purchase from Trivium Pursuit for $4 or you can download the pdf version at http://www.christianlogic.com/download/. There are several other audio and pdf file downloads available on that page which provide more logic resources to the parent just starting out using the classical method of homeschooling.
Trivium Pursuit also publishes an excellent introductory book on reasoning. The Fallacy Detective is designed to help students learn to recognize bad reasoning. This helps in learning to recognize faulty logic in other people’s thinking and in learning to develop logical arguments that don’t fall prey to common fallacies. My children have enjoyed using the book. It causes them to think about and understand each of the fallacies presented. The EHO review of The Fallacy Detective is also available to read.
For more information on the Socratic method and logic, visit the Wikipedia articles below. They include in-depth explanations as well as many additional resources.
This article includes information about the Socratic method and Socrates.
This article tackles the topic of logic and so is much greater in scope covering various types of logic not just that used in the Socratic method.
Defines logical fallacy and gives a list of fallacies with definitions and examples.
Copyright © 2005 Eclectic Homeschool Association | <urn:uuid:ef323c05-409a-471a-983a-17ea230fc1f5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://eho.org/homeschool_prep/article.asp?articleid=391&resourceid=325 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00008-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955566 | 645 | 3.984375 | 4 |
Hollywood: Her Story, An Illustrated History of Women and the Movies
The year was 1896, the woman was Alice Guy-Blaché, and the film was The Cabbage Fairy. It was less than a minute long. Guy-Blaché, the first female director, made hundreds of movies during her career.
Thousands of women with passion and commitment to storytelling followed in her footsteps. Working in all aspects of the movie industry, they collaborated with others to create memorable images on the screen. This book pays tribute to the spirit, ambition, grit and talent of these filmmakers and artists.
With more than 1200 women featured in the book, you will find names that everyone knows and loves—the movie legends. But you will also discover hundreds and hundreds of women whose names are unknown to you: actresses, directors, stuntwomen, screenwriters, composers, animators, editors, producers, cinematographers and on and on. Stunning photographs capture and document the women who worked their magic in the movie business.
Perfect for anyone who enjoys the movies, this photo-treasury of women and film is not to be missed.
Visit the web site at www.hollywoodherstory.com.
Her Story: A Timeline of the Women Who Changed America
Her Story: A Timeline of the Women Who Changed America – is like a slideshow of American women’s history. Pictures and photographs along with short captions document women who’ve excelled in areas of American culture, including science, politics, business, entertainment and sports. The ones we all know from history class (Pocahontas) and popular culture (Oprah Winfrey) are here. Many are lesser known but no less interesting; for example, Sister Rose Thering, who was instrumental in the Vatican’s repeal of its policy of holding Jews responsible for the crucifixion. One fascinating set of photographs shows a Boston Marathon official trying to tear off K. Switzer’s race number when he realizes the “K” stands for Kathrine (in 1967 Switzer became the first woman to officially enter and run in the event). With more than 900 women profiled, this book is a perfect addition to any library: public, school, college or personal. Bookpage, March 2008 – visit the Her Story website at www.herstoryatimeline.com
Women in Engineering Book 9: Recognizing and Taking Advantage of Opportunities
Author Jill S. Tietjen, P.E., past CEO of the National Women’s Hall of Fame; an IEEE Senior Member; a past national president of the Society of Women Engineers; a past member of the ABET Engineering Accreditation Commission; and she has served as a western zone vice-president for the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying. Tietjen has also been inducted into the Colorado Women’s Hall of Fame. She offers readers a positive and upbeat account of her engineering career journey, with tips and lessons for everyone – in all fields – for recognizing and taking advantage of career opportunities in this Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ebook.
See more at click here
Scientific Women: Re-visioning Women’s Scientific Achievements and Impacts
This book highlights women’s contributions to science, which have often been marginalized and overlooked throughout history. The books first provides an overview of the development of the various science professions over time – placed in socioeconomic and cultural contexts – and women’s role n the sciences throughout history. The author then exemplifies – through history, example, and case studies – that although women were denied a scientific education until fairly recently in our history, they have nevertheless demonstrated intellect and capability in mathematics, physical sciences, life sciences, social sciences, and computer sciences throughout time. Biographies of women who contributed to these fields since before the Common Era are interwoven into a discussion of the development of the scientific profession, the advancement of education, the professionalization of the various scientific occupations, and the advancement of women in society.
See more at click here
Engineering Women: Re-visioning Women’s Scientific Achievements and Impacts
Packed with fascinating biographical sketches of female engineers, this chronological history of engineering brightens previously shadowy corners of our increasingly engineered world’s recent past. In addition to a detailed description of the diverse arenas encompassed by the word ‘engineering’ and a nuanced overview of the development of the field, the book includes numerous statistics and thought provoking facts about women’s roles in the achievement of thrilling scientific innovations. This text is a unique resource for students launching research projects in engineering and related fields, professionals interested in gaining a broader understanding of how engineering as a discipline has been impacted by events of global significance, and scholars of women’s immense, often obscured, contributions to scientific progress.
See more at click here
Inspiring Women of the National Women’s Hall of Fame
Jill Tietjen compiled and served as primary editor for the first and second editions of this compendium of the women inducted into the National Women’s Hall of Fame.
Keys to Engineering Success
Lively in format and filled with real-world vignettes, applications, and examples, this introduction to
engineering is designed to keep students encouraged and motivated during their freshmen year when they can’t yet see how all of the calculus, physics, and chemistry relates to their engineering education. The real-world vignettes and pictures capture not only the diversity of the profession, but of the engineers themselves, providing an overview of the various types of engineering as well as what working professionals do. The text also features extensive information on engineering-specific study skills, gives hints and suggestions on how to enhance one’s college experience, and provides information on what resources to look for and where to find them.
See more at click here
Setting the Record Straight: An Introduction to the History and Evolution of Women’s Professional Achievement
In a well-researched overview of the professional progress of women in the U.S. since its founding, the authors describe women’s struggle for political and professional opportunity in the pursuit of equality. Focusing on the ‘learned professions’ and set in the context of an ever-changing political climate, this book covers the challenges as well as the victories within the evolving workplace. This introductory text is the first in a series examining women’s progress in specific non-traditional professions. Geared specifically for young women choosing career paths, the series is a must read for anyone about to enter the workforce.
Setting the Record Straight: The History and Evolution of Women’s Professional Achievement in Engineering
Engineering is still predominantly a man’s world. Women, however, have made significant inroads in the past few decades. From groundbreaking inventions to path paving for other women, female engineers are dispelling stereotypes and misguided expectations about women’s abilities in the field and in the office. Focusing on the engineering profession. its history as well as its unique obstacles, this well-researched book provides historical context as well as encouragement for would-be female engineers.
“Your book will help young women still struggling for their place in the field and will help to have true integration happen more quickly.” Computer Science Professor
“The book includes delightful short biographies of women who have made significant contributions to their field. . . In addition to a detailed description of the diverse fields encompassed by the word engineering, and a wonderful overview of the development of the field, the books includes numerous statistics and thought provoking facts. . . All in all, this is a fascinating book with excellent endnotes . . . a treasure trove for students and others to launch research projects in engineering and related fields.” Math/Science Network
“The book is well organized, and covers a chronological history, as well as short bios of the women from each era. . . Not only is the book very pleasurable reading, but also it is a valuable tool for researchers. It contains extensive footnotes, bibliography and comprehensive index.” The Quest (Newsletter of the Gilbreth Network)
Setting the Record Straight: The History and Evolution of Women’s Professional Achievement in Accounting
The third book in a series devoted to exploring the history of women in professional environments. The remarkable journey of women in accounting is recounted in this well-documented story of hope for a future that is bright for women. | <urn:uuid:f84a6fa0-52c3-41bb-8ce1-9c4245d4c0e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://techspeakinginc.com/books/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.944921 | 1,749 | 2.75 | 3 |
Intel upgrades 3G RF chip with power amplifiers
Intel Corp. (Santa Clara, Calif.) has announced the integration of a 3G HSPA radio frequency transceiver with power amplifiers on a single 65-nm die. This chip is designed in a standard 65-nm foundry process as offered by Global Foundries and Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. Ltd., said Stefan Wolff, vice president of the Intel Architecture Group, in email correspondence with EE Times.
The SMARTi UE2p integrates power management and sensors and allows direct connection to the battery. The chip supports multiple 3G dual-band configurations for use with Intel’s HSPA modem chips. This will allow customers to introduce lower-cost 3G handsets and support the transition of the machine-to-machine market segment toward 3G-based connected devices to help enable the Internet of things.
The Smarti UE2 is proven product that has shipped in various high end smartphones, UE2 stands for UMTS/EDGE 2nd generation. The p has been added for the integrated 3G power amplifiers.
A specification is available but only under a non-disclosure agreement and for selected customers, Wolff told EE Times. The specification is not intended to be published.
Intel said the Smarti UE2p chip would be available as samples in the fourth quarter of 2012. | <urn:uuid:1ab886f6-265a-481c-823c-fb09cc0e2388> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.3gca.org/itel-updrade-3g/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.912069 | 280 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Researchers have discovered that closing the toilet lid before you flush could prevent the norovirus, also known as the winter vomiting bug, from spreading.
Scientists from the Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust found that leaving the lavatory lid up when you flush the toilet causes a cloud of bacteria to explode into the air and settle on nearby surfaces.
This increases the risk of viruses such as the winter vomiting bug and hospital superbugs transmitting from one person to another.
The researchers tested a range of hospital toilets to see whether leaving the toilet seat up or down has any impact on the stomach bug spreading.
They used a sterilised toilet and created a 'diarrhoea effect' in it using stool samples deliberately infected with the superbug C. difficile.
Researchers found when the toilet lid was left open, the superbug was transported 10 inches above and on the toilet seat, plus a smaller amount was detected in the air up to 90 minutes later.
When the lid was put down while flushing, the bug could reach through the gap of the lid but there was a significantly lower level of it in the air. There was also no C. difficile recovered on nearby surfaces.
Ironically, most hospital toilets do not have toilet lids in a bid to stop cross-contamination when handling the seat. The study is urging hospitals to provide patients with the superbug with a toilet that has a lid.
"This contains smells and droplets that can become aerolised. Some bugs spread more easily to surfaces this way and the norovirus is thought to be one of them. Our advice - put down the lid if it's there and wash your hands afterwards," professor Mark Wilcox, Clinical Director of Microbiology, told the Daily Mail.
The norovirus has hit the headlines on numerous occasions this winter, with there being 46 suspected cases in under 2 weeks, causing double the amount of hospital bed closures and followed by scientists' claims that they may have found a cure.
If you're worried about catching the norovirus. although there is no treatment for the illness the NHS recommends taking the following precautions to help prevent the norovirus spreading:
Suggested For You
SUBSCRIBE AND FOLLOW
Get top stories and blog posts emailed to me each day. Newsletters may offer personalized content or advertisements.Learn more | <urn:uuid:2864c0e5-89a9-40a5-8eb3-57c94342848d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/01/04/flushing-toilet-with-lid-up-linked-to-norovirus_n_1182966.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00312-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938752 | 480 | 3.328125 | 3 |
North Korean authorities have reportedly blocked access to Facebook and Twitter for the few people in the country with open Internet access.
The move came into effect earlier this week, according to a report by the Russian ITAR-TASS news agency, which is one of the few foreign news services to maintain a bureau in the country.
Most North Koreans don't have access to a computer, and those who do are restricted to a nationwide intranet. Available through universities, libraries and other state-run establishments, the intranet has websites that include government propaganda, information about science, technology and culture, and even cooking recipes.
Access to outside information is tightly curtailed by the government, which jams foreign radio broadcasts and restricts international phone calls and texts. North Korea is consistently ranked among the worst counties for press freedoms and human rights.
The handful of foreign residents who live there, many of them aid workers and business people, are permitted to access the Internet through fixed and wireless connections, but even over those links, access to Facebook and Twitter has been cut, ITAR-TASS reported.
The report couldn't immediately be verified, and neither Facebook nor Twitter responded to requests for comment.
In September, North Korea's State Radio Regulatory Department told foreign embassies and aid organizations they could not use Wi-Fi or satellite Internet connections without government approval. The ruling, a copy of which was obtained by specialist news site NK News, hinted that an earlier report that embassies were deliberately running open Wi-Fi networks to provide public Internet was correct.
The ruling said, "the signals of regional wireless network, installed and being used without licence, produce some effect upon our surroundings."
Organizations wishing to continue using Wi-Fi were instructed to consult with the government so their services could be checked. Those that didn't were threatened with an $11,000 fine.
Martyn Williams covers mobile telecoms, Silicon Valley and general technology breaking news for The IDG News Service. Follow Martyn on Twitter at @martyn_williams. Martyn's e-mail address is firstname.lastname@example.org | <urn:uuid:6fe17aa3-993f-456d-b8af-6532475476e6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.computerworld.co.nz/article/558696/north-korea-reportedly-blocks-facebook-twitter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00181-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963898 | 432 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Norristown Educational Theatre
Our Theatre Company
Norristown Educational Theatre is a PA Non-Profit, 501 (c) 3 organization. Our mission is to present theatre as performance and a teaching tool across the
curriculum, with special emphasis on literature, history and social issues. We seek to take performance to the student whether in the classroom, cafeteria, and library or community room. Of
particular importance, is to make theatre available to at-risk and under-served student audiences.
N.E.T. was founded in 2010, on the premise that all students should have access to artistic and cultural experiences regardless of their educational, social,
or economic backgrounds. Drawing on over 30 years of experience working in theatre and education, Founder and Artistic Director Gene Roland Frank, PhD, created Norristown Educational Theatre to
draw on the best practices of T.I.E, D.I.E, and progressive Educational Pedagogy. | <urn:uuid:0572458f-ea3f-4a97-a7eb-4c390ef4362e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.norristowneducationaltheatre.org/about-us/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.93846 | 198 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Paying the ultimate price
Apr. 8, 2009
By Irena Steinfeldt
From THE JERUSALEM POST
The righteous among the nations are defined as those few who risked their lives to help Jews.
When Yad Vashem was established to commemorate the six million Jews murdered in the Shoah, the Knesset added yet another task to the Holocaust Remembrance Authority's mission: to honor the Righteous Among the Nations - those non-Jews who had taken great risks to save Jews during the Holocaust. The Righteous program is an unprecedented attempt by the victims of an unparalleled crime to search within the nations of perpetrators, collaborators and bystanders for persons who bucked the general trend of indifference, acquiescence and collaboration.
The motivation for the establishment of this unique program was a deep sense of gratitude toward the minority that stood by the Jewish people, but there seems to have been an added dimension. In a world where Auschwitz had become a real possibility, the Jewish people and the survivors needed to hang on to some hope for mankind, something that would enable them to maintain their faith in human values and rebuild their lives after having witnessed an unprecedented moral collapse.
During the Holocaust the mainstream watched as their former neighbors were rounded up and killed; some collaborated with the perpetrators; many benefited from the expropriation of the Jews' property. Only a small minority felt that the persecuted Jews were part of their universe of obligation and that it was their duty to act.
Help and rescue of Jews took many forms and required varying degrees of involvement and self-sacrifice. Manifestations of sympathy and maintaining social contacts with the Jewish outcasts, providing moral encouragement, food, housing or money, warning about upcoming arrests or razzias, offering advice as to hiding possibilities are only some of the forms of help that survivors describe in their testimonies.
ALTHOUGH THESE humane and generous deeds were often crucial to the Jews' ability to survive, the Yad Vashem law used a more restrictive characterization. By defining the Righteous as persons "who risked their lives to save Jews," the lawmakers delineated a small group within these wider circles of men and women who helped and supported Jews in the darkest hour of Jewish history.
The Righteous according to this definition were people who not only helped the Jews, but were willing to leave their relatively safe positions as bystanders; people who were prepared, if necessary, to pay a price for their stand and even share the victims' fate; who felt that an unprecedented crime required exceptional responses, and that faced with ultimate evil, mere manifestations of sympathy were no longer sufficient; they believed that the situation required more than just doing the right thing - that there was something that superceded their personal safety.
The challenge facing the Commission for the Designation of the Righteous, therefore, is to draw a clear line through a spectrum of multifaceted human behavior and situations. This is, no doubt, a formidable task. When the Commission for the Designation of the Righteous was established in 1962, the program's founding fathers must have realized that the newly formed body would face extremely complex questions, and therefore decided to nominate a Supreme Court justice as the commission's chair. In the 47 years of its existence, the commission has strictly observed its independence under the guidance of the commission's successive chairs.
Each case is meticulously researched before it is submitted to the commission. Based on the documentation gathered, the commission then goes on to discuss the case and to examine if the rescue involved risk and if it accords with the other criteria that the commission developed over the years. This was also the case when the file of Khaled Abdelwahhab from Tunisia was submitted to the commission's decision.
ACCORDING TO THE testimonies on hand, Abdelwahhab hosted the extended families of Boukris and Ouzzan on his estate during the period of German occupation in Tunisia. Annie Boukris described the kindness and protectiveness of Abdelwahhab, who allowed her family to stay in his farm after their house in Mahdia had been billeted by the Germans and they had moved to an oil factory. This was no doubt a most generous gesture on the part of Abdelwahhab, who took pity on the Jewish family.
A close examination, however, revealed that as much as his deed was admirable, in doing so he broke no law and the Jews stayed on his farm with the full knowledge of the Germans. According to Boukris, the men continued their forced labor service under German supervision, and on Thursdays, to prepare for Shabbat, the family would join the other Jews of Mahdia who had been evicted from the town and concentrated on a Jewish-owned farm in Sidi Alouan, not far from the Abdelwahhab estate.
Edmee Masliah (Ouzzan), the second witness, also has vivid memories of that period and describes Abdelwahhab as a noble and generous person who supported her family at a time when they had been stripped of their rights and property. Like Annie Boukris, she describes the fear and hardships her family experienced during the German occupation, but then goes on to explain that the Germans would come from time to time to Abdelwahhab's estate and check if they were all present; she describes how when seeing the Germans approach, they would put on their yellow badges and wait for the Germans to count them.
The picture we gain from these testimonies matches the historical facts and the evaluation of historians that were consulted in the course of the investigation of this file. From its inception the Commission for the Designation of the Righteous took note that the risk in helping Jews during the Holocaust differed from one country to another and from one period to another. In Eastern Europe, the Germans executed not only the people who sheltered Jews, but their entire families. Generally speaking punishment was less severe in Western Europe, although there too, after the beginning of the deportations, the consequences of hiding Jews could be very serious and some rescuers even lost their lives.
Had the German occupation lasted longer, Tunisia's Jews would no doubt have shared the fate of their brothers and sisters in Europe. Walter Rauff was sent to prepare the ground for the murder of the Jews in North Africa, but fortunately for Tunisia's Jews the German occupation lasted only six months and the plans were never implemented. Nor was there a regulation or law preventing Abdelwahhab from hosting the Jews on his estate, and he therefore never had to face the ultimate test. Although he certainly acted nobly and generously at a time when few others did, the commission concluded that in the absence of the element of risk, he was not eligible for the Righteous Among the Nations designation.
The commission's decision in this case reflects its commitment to evaluating cases without prejudice and without ceding to outside pressure or foreign considerations. Should we now close the file and forget about this case? This is by no means Yad Vashem's intention. The moving account about this noble Tunisian's solidarity with the Jewish victims deserves our deep appreciation. It should be remembered and will certainly inspire people worldwide. Indeed, Yad Vashem's publications department will be a partner in publishing Dr. Robert Satloff's book in Hebrew, which includes the chapter about Abdelwahab. Yad Vashem is committed to preserve and impart this and other stories, and to continue its search for the rare moments of humanity in the darkness of the Holocaust.
The writer is director of the Righteous Among the Nations Department of Yad Vashem. | <urn:uuid:f27d5b6f-597a-4830-ba0d-67e65c78484f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pbs.org/newshour/among-the-righteous/2010/03/op-ed-2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00189-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976283 | 1,533 | 3.0625 | 3 |
This month marks the beginning of a very exciting journey for me as a 2013 Spokesperson for Voots® kids supplements (Voots are from the same company that makes Nature Made® and SOYJOY®)*.
Voots Veggie-Fruit Tarts are supplements for kids ages 4+ that are made from vitamin C and a blend of 11 real fruits and vegetables which are dehydrated, crushed, and combined with other ingredients to make delicious berry-flavored tarts that kids love**. The product contains the Vitamin C antioxidant power of three full servings of fruits and veggies in two chewable tarts***!
In the coming weeks and months, I will be sharing a lot more information with you about the brand and great ways to promote healthy living with kids.
Today, I wanted to let you know about a fun event I will be attending this Saturday in Los Angeles with Voots and celebrity mom Christina Milian that you are invited to.
Voots Veggie Fruit-Tarts are partnering with Kidsgardening.org, a resource of the National Gardening Association, to plant the seeds of good health this March!
With spring around the corner, Voots® kids supplements and Kidsgardening.org are presenting the Voots“Get Kids Growing” Garden Workshop – hosted by special guest Christina Milian – to teach children about the joys of gardening while also emphasizing the importance of including fruits and veggies in their diets.
Participants at the workshop will be greeted by a six-foot Eureka lemon tree housed in a giant seven-foot gardening pot, which will be surrounded by thousands of mini gardening pots ready to be planted. Kids will use these miniature pots and plant seeds to grow their own tomato and carrot plants while learning that eating fruits and veggies won’t “soil” their plans to have fun, but instead give them more energy and better health to continue to “shovel” out good times!
Saturday, March 9, 2013 from 10:30 a.m.-6 p.m.
Christina Milian to address event and attend from 10:30 a.m. – 11:45 a.m.
The Green at The Americana at Brand
889 Americana Way, Glendale, Calif. 91210
*Please note that I am a paid spokesperson for Voots® Veggie-Fruit Tarts.
**Voots® supplements contain a 550mg blend of 11 fruits and vegetables. Voots® supplements are not intended to replace your daily intake of fruits and vegetables, which are important sources of fiber and additional nutrients.
*** Voots® supplements contain 60 mg Vitamin C per serving. The average Vitamin C content of the top 20 most commonly consumed fruits and top 20 most commonly consumed vegetables is 19 mg per serving, for a total of 58 mg per three servings. | <urn:uuid:eb96dab9-13a6-4737-a785-a1b251cb0d69> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.babygizmo.com/join-me-and-christina-milian-at-voots-get-kids-growing-garden-workshop/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00193-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916048 | 589 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Stormy start to week in northeastern US will fail to offer heat relief
By Kristina Pydynowski for AccuWeather
Gusty thunderstorms will target the northeastern United States on Monday but will fail to sweep away the heat wave baking the region.
Thunderstorms will become more numerous and increasingly intense through Monday evening across the Northeast.
More from AccuWeather: Weekly wrap-up: Obama urges caution amid sweltering US heat
"Thunderstorms will sweep across New England and the mid-Atlantic into Monday evening, and the strongest storms can bring damaging winds and torrential downpours," AccuWeather Senior Meteorologist Andy Mussoline said.
The downpours will reduce visibility for motorists and force outdoor activities indoors but will provide needed rainfall as drought continues to plague a large part of the region.
Cities in the threat zone include the I-95 corridor from Washington, D.C., to Philadelphia to New York City to Boston to Bangor, Maine. Burlington, Vermont; Albany, New York; Trenton, New Jersey; and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania; will also be at risk.
Residents should seek shelter as soon as thunder is heard.
"Widespread heat and humidity will fuel the threat for the strong thunderstorms," Mussoline said.
More from AccuWeather: Northeastern US interactive radar
The heat wave will continue into Monday as temperatures once again soar into the 90s across most of the mid-Atlantic and into parts of southern New England.
Record highs will be challenged, including in Washington, D.C., where temperatures will flirt with the century mark.
More from AccuWeather: Heat exhaustion vs. heatstroke: What are the warning signs and how should you react?
Humidity levels will increase from the weekend, creating even higher and uncomfortable AccuWeather RealFeel® temperatures.
While the thunderstorms will briefly knock down temperatures over the communities they cross, the heat relief will only be temporary.
"For those looking for relief from the heat in the Northeast, it is not looking good," AccuWeather Senior Meteorologist Dave Samuhel said.
There will be a drop in humidity Tuesday into Wednesday, but highs in the 90s will continue to encompass the mid-Atlantic and parts of eastern New England through most of this week.
"It will turn muggy again later in the week," Samuhel said.
Only the eastern Great Lakes and interior New England will catch a day or two with temperatures closer to normal after Monday. This includes Buffalo, New York, and Burlington, Vermont.
With temperatures expected to reach 90 F or higher in New York City through at least Wednesday, this heat wave will be the longest for the city since mid-July 2013.
"Most nights in the large cities [of the mid-Atlantic] will be quite warm this week," AccuWeather Senior Meteorologist Alex Sosnowski said. "Temperatures in the urban areas will dip only into the 70s for a few hours and will offer only brief relief from the heat."
By the coming weekend, needed rainfall could bring a drop in temperatures.
"Overall, the weather pattern looks a bit warmer than normal well into early August, not only across the Northeast, but across much of the country," Samuhel said. | <urn:uuid:63a011bb-d62e-490b-8323-b62665b31984> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.aol.com/article/2016/07/25/stormy-start-to-week-in-northeastern-us-will-fail-to-offer-heat/21438586/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00044-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9215 | 675 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Reducing leakage paths within a building’s envelope ensures that warmed (or cooled) air is not lost to the outdoor environment, wasting energy.
The easiest time to ensure that the building fabric is airtight as practically possible is during construction, when remedial action can be taken if necessary.
Conventionally, buildings are only tested for airtightness at the building completion stage, which is often too late for any significant intervention.
Testing traditionally involves closing intended openings and pressurising the building envelope by means of a large fan within an external doorway. This process is neither simple nor quick to implement and requires trained technicians.
Conversely, the new University of Nottingham’s device (see picture above) enables quick checks (<1min) by generating and analysing a low pressure pulse from an autonomous unit that doesn’t penetrate the building envelope.
A robust unit, suitable for construction sites, is being developed for integration into the Built2Spec Virtual Construction Management Platform.
It will provide a portable and easy to use solution, where construction workers can undertake airtightness assessments themselves.
I have been involved in using the pulse unit for testing the air permeability of our construction sites. My initial reaction to the unit was how simple it was to use; I have successfully trained others in using the unit to carry out testing. I look forward to the day that the pulse unit will be readily available on construction sites; it would greatly help projects with achieving designed energy performance. (A. Thompson, Lakehouse) | <urn:uuid:5f951cd4-f265-47df-9ef3-5b2922fff71b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://built2spec-project.eu/tools/airtightness-test-tools/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.936479 | 316 | 2.71875 | 3 |
For most students, graduating from University leads to expectations and perceived promises about their future careers. These expectations, for the employee, may involve matters such as the duties to be performed within the position, the skills and knowledge to be applied, and forms of remuneration. The theory known as the psychological contract, which looks at the unwritten agreements made between employee and employer, provides a basis fQJ investigation into this area. This paper presents an investigation into the expectations of employees on employment within the accounting industry. This is in response to growing interest and discussion regarding Generation Y in employment. The results show that the expectations of employees include good salary and benefits, opportunities for advancement and working in a positive environment as being important job characteristics. The study also shows that the perception of knowledge, skills and abilities include problem solving skills, analytical skills and time management.
Global Review of Accounting and Finance Vol. 1, p. 189-202 | <urn:uuid:9c1ea2fb-1f14-4b29-b745-65db0e5c2730> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/uon:10537?letter=Agllias%2C+Kylie | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00117-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96765 | 187 | 2.546875 | 3 |
(1460?–1520?). A versatile Middle Scots poet attached to the court of James IV, William Dunbar was the dominant figure among the courtly poets known as the Scottish Chaucerians in the golden age of Scottish poetry. He was at ease in hymn and satire, morality and obscene comedy, panegyric and begging complaint, elegy and lampoon, and he moved freely from one to another for satiric effect.
Dunbar was born between 1460 and 1465 in Scotland, probably of the family of the earls of Dunbar and March, and may have received a Master of Arts degree from St. Andrews in 1479. It is believed that he was a Franciscan novice and traveled to England and France in the king’s service. In 1501 he was certainly in England, probably in connection with the arrangements for the marriage of James IV and Margaret Tudor, which took place in 1503. In 1500 he was granted a pension of 10 pounds sterling by the king. By 1504 he was in priest’s orders, and in 1510 he received, as a mark of royal esteem, a pension of 80 pounds sterling. In 1511 he accompanied the queen to Aberdeen and celebrated in the verse Blyth Aberdeen the entertainments provided by that city. After the king’s death at the battle of Flodden in 1513, he evidently received the benefice for which he had so often asked in verse, as there is no record of his pension after 1513.
With few exceptions, the more than 100 poems attributed to Dunbar are short and occasional, written out of personal moods or events at court. They range from the grossest satire to hymns of religious exaltation. Of his longer works, some are courtly Chaucerian pieces like the dream allegory The Goldyn Targe. The Thrissill and the Rois is a nuptial song celebrating the marriage of James IV and Margaret Tudor.
In a quite different vein, the alliterative Flyting of Dunbar and Kennedie is a virtuoso demonstration of personal abuse directed against his professional rival Walter Kennedy, who is, incidentally, mentioned with affection in The Lament for the Makaris, Dunbar’s reminiscence of dead poets. Dunbar’s most celebrated and shocking satire is the alliterative Tretis of the tua mariit Wemen and the Wedo (Treatise of the Two Married Women and the Widow).
Like other Scots poets after him—notably Robert Burns—Dunbar was a vigorously creative traditionalist. He wrote with uncommon frankness and wit, manipulating old themes and forms with imagination and originality. In artistry and range, though not in humanity, he was the finest of Scotland’s poets. He died sometime before 1530. | <urn:uuid:716fc417-43cf-4259-9b4c-bd76ef71d337> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kids.britannica.com/students/article/William-Dunbar/321923 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.979609 | 590 | 3.390625 | 3 |
An assortment of the most common sensors used in electronics. 9 sensors and 3 additional components to interface with the 'analog world'. We have some tutorials here, to get you started.
Lithium Battery Shipping: This product can only be shipped to the UK mainland. With this item in your cart your shipping options will be limited and may cost more than our usual rates. Why?
- Triple-axis analog accelerometer - for measuring motion and tilt
- Force sensitive resistor - for sensing pressure/force
- Temperature sensor - for measuring from -40 to over +125 degrees C
- 10K breadboard potentiometer
- Hall effect sensor - for sensing a magnet
- Magnet - for use with the hall effect
- Piezo - can be used as a buzzer or a knock sensor
- Ball tilt sensor - for sensing orientation
- Photo cell sensor - for sensing light
- IR sensor - for sensing infrared light pulsing at 38KHz
- IR LED - for use with the IR sensor
Payment & Accreditations
Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information. | <urn:uuid:cddd3fe5-d9cb-458d-a232-fd384a8b6232> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thepihut.com/products/adafruit-sensor-pack-900 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.860773 | 247 | 1.820313 | 2 |
When I was a kid, I used to get really bad motion sickness if I was reading while riding in a car. Now? I don’t get it anymore.
But, that could change once self-driving vehicles become the norm.
A pair of researchers from the University of Michigan asked 3,200 adults in the U.S., India, China, Japan, Great Britain and Australia what they would do in a self-driving vehicle.
More than a third of Americans said they would read, text ,watch movies or TV, play games or work. All of these increase the chances of you getting motion sickness. In India, that number jumped to more than 50%. 40% of Chinese people and 30% of Japanese, Great Britain and Australian people said they would engage in these activities.
Anywhere between 6% and 12% of people riding in self-driving vehicles would experience motion sickness at some point.
What would cause people to experience motion sickness in self-driving cars?
One of the researchers, Michael Sivak, explains, “Motion sickness is expected to be more of an issue in self-driving vehicles than in conventional vehicles,” Sivak said. “The reason is that the three main factors contributing to motion sickness—conflict between vestibular (balance) and visual inputs, inability to anticipate the direction of motion and lack of control over the direction of motion—are elevated in self-driving vehicles.”
Sivak and his colleague, Brandon Schoettle, research found that more than 60% of Americans would watch the road, talk on the phone or sleep while riding. About the same percentage is seen in China. It’s about 70% in Japan, Great Britain and Australia.
60%? Really? That seems a bit generous. Hell, I doubt 60% of people driving today watch the road the entire time.
Speaking of motion sickness, it’s one of VR’s biggest challenges as well.
I picked up an Oculus DK2 a few months ago. It’s an awesome piece of tech, but my mind was not agreeing with the Unreal Engine rollercoaster demo. Your mind thinks you’re going through a gut twisting loop. It’s a really weird feeling.
Sivak and Schoettle have a couple of ideas that could help decrease chances of motion sickness.
Maximize the visual field with large, transparent windows; mount transparent video and work displays that require passengers to face forward; and eliminate swivel seats, restrict head motion and install fully reclining seats.
Self-driving cars are at least five years away from being released to the general public.
Google is aiming for its self-driving car technology to be possibly released on the market between 2017-2020.
The technology is far out-pacing the laws. Before self-driving cars can become a reality, new laws will need to be written and passed. In today’s political climate? 2020 is incredibly optimistic for self-driving cars to be available to the public. | <urn:uuid:fbd56d00-14c4-4592-ada9-91412be9d478> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.newsledge.com/self-driving-cars-and-motion-sickness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00157-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965084 | 633 | 2.5625 | 3 |
XSEDE HPC Monthly Workshop: OpenMP
XSEDE along with the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC) are pleased to announce a one day OpenMP workshop. This workshop is intended to give C and Fortran programmers a hands-on introduction to OpenMP programming. Attendees will leave with a working knowledge of how to write scalable codes using OpenMP.
Due to COVID-19 PSC has moved to a webcast format instead of having satellite sites. There is no cost to attend, but you must register with XSEDE account (free) at the registration site that will be posted on the XSEDE course catalog about a month before the workshop.
The workshop desciption, along with links to the agenda and slides are can be found at PSC's webpage for the workshop. | <urn:uuid:03a0b880-285b-415f-a859-8c97b39b8670> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chpc.utah.edu/presentations/XSEDEMonthlyOpenMP.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.925552 | 171 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Manhattan District Attorney on collision course with tech giants after call for weaker encryption
Officials in New York are calling for weaker encryption levels on smartphones in order for law enforcement to be able to easily access the data stored on the devices.
The stance sets New York officials firmly against leading technology companies and privacy campaigners, who have consistently opposed efforts to weaken encryption systems.
The call to weaken smartphone encryption was made by Manhattan District Attorney Cyrus Vance Jr.
During the sixth annual financial crimes and cybersecurity symposium, he urged the US Congress to pass a law that ensures smartphones only utilise weaker encryption standards.
Indeed, the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office has also published a white paper detailing the investigative challenges posed by smartphone encryption.
“In September 2014, Apple Inc announced that its new operating system for smartphones and tablets would employ, by default, what is commonly referred to as “full-disk encryption,” making data on its devices completely inaccessible without a passcode,” said the whitepaper. “Shortly thereafter, Google Inc. announced that it would do the same. Apple’s and Google’s decisions to enable full-disk encryption by default on smartphones means that law enforcement officials can no longer access evidence of crimes stored on smartphones, even though the officials have a search warrant issued by a neutral judge.”
“Apple and Google are not responsible for keeping the public safe,” the paper argued. “That is the job of law enforcement. But the consequences of these companies’ actions on the public safety are severe. That is why my Office has been working with our law enforcement partners around the world to craft the solution recommended in this Report. We believe there is a responsible way to balance safety and security.”
“Congress should enact a statute that requires any designer of an operating system for a smartphone or tablet manufactured, leased, or sold in the US to ensure that data on its devices is accessible pursuant to a search warrant,” the paper proposed. “Such a law would be well within Congress’s Commerce Clause powers, and does not require costly or difficult technological innovations.”
But this argument is unlikely to impress privacy campaigners and technology companies. Indeed, in June a number of leading technology companies including Google, Apple, IBM, Microsoft and Facebook wrote a strongly-worded open letter to President Obama, calling for him to respect the privacy rights of consumers by not weakening encryption systems.
President Obama previously said he recognised the need for privacy, but he had asked tech companies to allow the government to break that encryption when necessary. That said, the White House backed down on the matter last month.
Yet law enforcement frustration remains. Earlier this year, the chief for Europol echoed previous comments by the FBI and GCHQ when he said the increasing prevalence of encrypted Internet communications presents a major difficulty for law-enforcement and national security efforts.
US law enforcement have also complained in the past that encryption can prevent the FBI and the Department of Homeland Security from examining data during investigations. And in April the leading counter-terrorism policeman in the UK said that some tech firms are helping militants avoid detection by developing systems that are “friendly to terrorists”.
In January Prime Minister David Cameron said that he wanted British intelligence agencies to be able to monitor the encrypted communications of terror suspects.
Incidentally, it is thought the NSA and GCHQ already has the supercomputing power to crack 512-bit encryption in just a few minutes. And the NSA is widely believed to be capable of breaking 1024-bit encryption as well.
Can you protect your privacy online? Take our quiz! | <urn:uuid:f2d57d7c-dc21-4473-b4e2-58983d11217e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.silicon.co.uk/e-regulation/new-york-smartphone-encryption-180897 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00421-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954209 | 744 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Test for Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is very important. Why should I say that? Polycystic Kidney Disease is a genetic disorder, and in the early stages, people usually do not know they have PKD, because they see no symptoms. Yet, when they have symptoms, it is late because the cyst has becomes large. Therefore, how to test for Polycystic Kidney Disease is very important.
For Polycystic Kidney Disease, certain test can be done to detect the size and number of kidney cysts you have and evaluate the amount of kidney tissues, including:
· Ultrasound exam. During an ultrasound, a wand-like device called a transducer is placed on your body. It emits inaudible sound waves that are reflected back to the transducer — like sonar. A computer translates the reflected sound waves into images of your kidneys.
· Computerized tomography (CT) scan. As you lie on a movable table, you’re guided into a big doughnut-shaped device that projects very thin X-ray beams through your body. Your doctor is able to see cross-sectional images of your kidneys.
· Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. As you lie inside a large cylinder, magnetic fields and radio waves generate cross-sectional views of your kidneys.
·Genetic testing. Besides the above three test for Polycystic Kidney Disease, another test called “genetic test” have been recognised by more and more patients. As mentioned in the first paragraph, Polycystic Kidney Disease is inherited, a genetic testing is good for them to help themselves or family members to get information in advance.
After the test, treatment should be taken immediately according to your illness condition. You have to be cautious about your diet, exercises and medicines. If you are not sure what you are allowed to take do do, you are welcomed to consult our experts online or email to email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:f7611d5f-7279-4e10-8c47-82d0e0c27edc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://kidney-symptom.com/polycystic-kidney-disease-diagnosis/493.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00050-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948665 | 416 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Fleishers is the premier training ground in the US for revitalizing the art and craft
of whole animal butchery. Learn about apprenticeships & education here.
Fleishers butcher training program and short form classes offer a unique,
educational, and in-depth experience for anyone passionate about where their
In Whole Hog Butchery, Fred & Giancarlo will break down a whole hog and
describe the differences in butchering techniques for fresh cuts compared to cuts
Jul 16, 2010 ... Mostly gone are the days of the neighborhood butcher. They may never come
back. They've been replaced by vast meat processing plants ...
Butchery Training School, Train to be a butcher and work in the fresh food trade,
butchery and meat processing courses to learn new skills.
Oct 16, 2012 ... Teaching classes and schooling butchers and chefs alike, the famed Fleisher's
training program has spawned some of the best new-school ...
Butchers carve and package cuts of meat. See what you'll need to know to
become a butcher, and explore training options, which can include degree...
Research what it takes to become a butcher. Learn about training requirements,
salary and employment outlook to find out if this is the career for...
If you are interested in a being butcher, it's time to get your hands dirty. As the old
Kurdish saying goes, “If skill could be gained by watching, every dog would ...
May 16, 2013 ... Kari Underly launches Range Meat Partners to offer training and create a new
generation of craft butchers. | <urn:uuid:26d520d1-0258-4016-82cd-fc159c356cbe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ask.com/web?qsrc=314&q=Butcher+Training&o=41647999&l=dir | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00025-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.895609 | 329 | 1.625 | 2 |
Fictional Website Assignment Step by Step
Week at A Glance
Principles of Web Design
- A clear purpose
- Speedy load times (not applicable to assignment)
- Mobile friendly (not applicable to assignment)
Create a WordPress account using your school email. If you already have an account (with school login) click the login button.
Either on a printer piece of paper or in a Google Doc. Identify what you want to sell (items as of 2022 ONLY allowed ; no dystopian ideas). I have 20 ideas written below (you don’t have to use any of them if you don’t want to). At the bottom of this page is a form. Fill that out with what your product is.
- Makeup like sephora
- Smartwatches like fitbit
- Custom Water bottles like waterbottles
- Art Supplies like michaels
- Custom Design Mugs like discountmugs
- Custom Wall Art like etsy
- Custom Backpacks like customink
- Custom Tote Bags like zazzle
- Smart Home Accessories (example: smart home accessory ideas)
- Gardening Supplies like lowes
- Custom Furniture Designs like wayfair
- Bookstore like barnesandnoble
- Children Toys like lakeshore
- Custom Beach Towel Designs like beachtowels
- Custom Designed Notebooks / Calendars like moo
- Bird Feeders like chewy
- Pet Accessories like petsmart
- Educational resources like teacherspayteachers
- Online courses for a complex subject like w3schools
- Online PowerPoint / Google Slides templates like slidescarnival
Create your site in WordPress. Name it something related to your product like “Samuel’s Seashells” or CustomRayFurniture. Select the free option when creating your site (no need to pay). It should have “<websitename>.wordpress.com” if you signed up correctly.
This is where things get fun! Give your peer editing access to your site. Just like the Peer Reviews we did a few weeks back. You will be creating the website based on your peer’s request. Click here for tutorial on how to share website editing access.
Once you have feel the website is at it’s best design and finished. Post the link on this Canvas Discussion so everyone can see your work. Email your peer when you are finished editing their site.
For Clarification: Share your own website. Not the peer’s you edited.
Please have fun with this and don’t feel stressed about it. If you want to have extra fun with the site you are editing you can use resources linked below or just Google Search whatever.
- Add a Logo: https://www.canva.com/
- All the Blocks: https://wordpress.com/support/wordpress-editor/blocks/ | <urn:uuid:06a4e109-1a32-452b-b19b-0f038dfa2bc0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://spypapaonline.wordpress.com/apps/fictional-website-step-by-step/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.857803 | 644 | 1.890625 | 2 |
The Billings City Council has rejected an ordinance to ban discrimination based on a person's sexual orientation or gender identity.
The Billings Gazette reports (http://bit.ly/1poZR6P ) the council's decision came early Tuesday, with Mayor Tom Hanel casting the deciding vote.
Hanel says his decision was based on whether the measure would be fair to everyone and build goodwill. He says he couldn't say for sure that it would.
The vote was 6-5.
Other cities, such as Helena, Bozeman and Butte, have adopted measures that prevent gays, lesbians and transgender people from being discriminated against in the workplace, housing and in public accommodations.
Councilmember Shaun Brown says he opposed the section that would have barred discrimination in restrooms and locker rooms.
Supporters of the measure say they were stunned by the vote. | <urn:uuid:f5b41eeb-d415-4ed4-aedd-a7bd4fe2ab53> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://southfloridagaynews.com/National/montana-city-rejects-non-discrimination-ordinance/Print.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00054-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981901 | 176 | 1.914063 | 2 |
FC: Madagascar Created By: Muhammed Makled Dominic Mathews 3rd Hour
1: In this book you will learn the following about Madagascar: Geography Historical Backround People and Population Economy Government Current Events
2: Location Madagascar is an island off Africa's southeast coast. It is the fourth largest island in the world. It has a surface area of 226,444 square miles. It is in the Indian Ocean and is separated from Africa by the 500 mile wide Mozambique Channel. | Geography | Topography Madagascar has three main plateaus. The highest point on the island is the top of a volcano named Androna which rises 9,439 feet. There are also three main river basins. The coastline is straight and has sand dunes and mangrove swamps on the southeastern side and bays on the northwestern side.
3: Places of Interest A major site in Madagascar is The Rainforests of Atsinanana. They are made of six national parks along the eastern part of the island. They are beutiful and also help keep Madagascar in check. Madagascar's plant and animal life evolved because of its seperation from other land masses. The rainforests are also important for the support many endangered species. | Climate Madagascar has two seasons. The hot, wet season lasts from November to April, and the cooler, drier season last from May to October. Madagascar is sometimes hit by cyclones and flooding can be serious. The east coast is of the island receives 146 inches of rain a year. The other side of the island receives 92 inches. July is the coolest month and December is the hottest month. | Geography
4: Historical Backround | Three major historical events that took place in Madagascar are: the unification of Madagascar under a single state, a process lasting from the late 18th to the early 19th centuries, French colonization which happened because of too much communication with Madagascar in the 1896, and the revolt against colonial rule to become a free country in 1960. They were ruled by the French when trying to devolp the new country. They were sick of food shortages and all the bad so on March 29, 1947 they revolted. They were controlled but eventually gained freedom in 1960. After Madagascar gained independence from France in 1960, assassinations, military coups and disputed elections featured prominently. Didier Ratsiraka took power in a military coup in 1975 and ruled until 2001.
5: People and Population | As of 2008 the esimated population of Madagascar was 20,042,551. There are 5 prominent etnic groups throughout Madagascar which are: 18 Malagasy tribes, small groups of Comorans, French, Indians, and Chinese. Most people foloow traditional beliefs. The numbers roll out like this: Traditional beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7%.
6: Economy | Major industries in Madagascar are processed food, clothing, textiles, mining, paper, refined petroleum products, glassware, construction, soap, cement, and tanning leather. The major agricultural products are rice, livestock, seafood, coffee, vanilla, sugar, cloves, cotton, sisal, peanuts, and tobacco. The main natural resources found are graphite, chrome, coal, bauxite, ilmenite, nickel, gold, oil, tar sands, precious and semiprecious stones, and hardwoods. The GDP of Madagascar is an estimated $7.322 billion. The GDP per capita is about $1,100.
7: Government | Madagascar currently has a republic government. There is many leaders. The main leaders of government are: President-Marc Ravalomanana Prime Minister, Chief of the Government, and Minister of Interior--Charles Rabemananjara
8: Conclusion | Madagascar is a pretty new country and is sill getting into the swing of things. They are currently having a revolt within the country because of presidency. Two months after all the fighting and political turmoil calmed down, former opposition leader Andry Rajoelina was inaugurated in front of thousands of supporters Saturday as Madagascar's president. The United States has been very busy trying to help settle things there.
9: References | I used the following pages: http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/03/21/madagascar.president/index.html?iref=newssearch http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/5460.htm http://www.henry.k12.ga.us/PGES/instruction/kid-pages/islands/madagascar/location.html http://www.travelnotes.org/Africa/images/madagascar.gif http://www.strive4impact.com/callingadvice_files/flags/madagascar-flag.jpg http://www.admin.uio.no/fa/felles/countries/africa/images/Africa%20Satellite%20small.jpg http://www.raahi.com/images/destination/images/BN1775_22.jpg http://news.bbc.co.uk/media/images/38591000/jpg/_38591653_md_didier_bbc150.jpg http://www.jon-atkinson.com/Large%20Images/La_MADAGASCAR12.jpg http://www.malango-actualite.com/photos/charles_rabemananjara.jpg http://www.topnews.in/files/MARC_0.jpg | <urn:uuid:7c66c752-a5d3-42a4-ba14-6d40ef08957e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.mixbook.com/photo-books/education/madagascar-4367477?vk=ZVIy4eixok | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00375-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936137 | 1,149 | 3.28125 | 3 |
1. The creation of the proto-Elamite writing system followed rapidly upon that of the proto-cuneiform writing system of neighboring Southern Mesopotamia. Proto-Elamite exhibits a few ideographic loans from proto-cuneiform and a nearly complete adoption of its metrological systems and numerical signs. Proto-Elamite was used over a wide geographical area comparable to the extent of modern day Iran, stretching from Susa in the west – in close proximity to Mesopotamia – to Shahr-i Sokhta in the east – closer to the Indus valley than to Susa.
2. P. Meriggi, La scrittura proto-elamica. Parte IIa: Catalogo dei segni. (Roma: Accademia nazionale dei Lincei, 1974). The problems faced in using this sign list have been commented upon in recent publications [P. Damerow and R. Englund; The Proto-Elamite Texts from Tepe Yahya, 1989. And again R. Englund, The State of Decipherment of Proto-Elamite, forthcoming (Preprint no. 183 at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science web-server: http://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/Preprints/P183.PDF)]
3. Compare this to the 6,000 proto-cuneiform texts with ca. 50,000 occurrences of non-numerical signs.
4. Although generated electronically this sign list follows that of P. Meriggi, see footnote no. 2.
5. Proto-cuneiform, on the other hand has yielded evidence for an evolution in the repertoire of signs, see R. K. Englund, “Texts From The Late Uruk Period,” in P. Attinger et al., eds., Mesopotamien, Späturuk-Zeit und Frühdynastische Zeit (= OBO 160/1: Freiburg 1998), p. 67.
6. The Chinese oracle bones from Anyang are traditionally dated to the Shang period ca. 1200 to 1050 BC. However, precursors predate these inscriptions by several centuries. I do not suggest any relationship between the two except for a purely graphic similarity.
7. P. Damerow, “The Origins of Writing as a Problem of Historical Epistemology” (1999), p.11 - 13. [Preprint no. 114 at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science web-server: http://www.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/Preprints/P114.PDF]. See also R. Englund, 1998, p. 68 fn. 131, for a comparable survey, and see p. 70-71 for a list of the most frequent proto-cuneiform signs.
8. P. Damerow, 1999, p.11-12.
9. No attempts have been made to investigate a possible regional or institutional variation in the sign repertoire
10. M36 is highlighted to compare its frequency when computing each variant alone as a unique sign and when counting all variants together.
11. In P. Meriggi’s sign list of ca. 400 entries, the signs are grouped together based on graphic similarity. The same was the case with the first sign list of the archaic texts from Uruk. A. Falkenstein’s sign list of the archaic signs, ATU 1, included ca. 890 ideographic signs. The sign list of H. Nissen and W. Green, ATU 2, brought this number down to ca. 770 ideograms. These numbers were achieved based in many instances only on graphic similarities of the signs (R. Englund, 1998, p. 66-67). The sign list of the archaic signs was later expanded to cover all variants and the number reached 1,900. Note that this agrees well with our result for the proto- Elamite sign list. The archaic sign list may be reduced to less than 900 entries by removing sign-combinations and derivations (Englund, 1998, p. 68), and may be reduced even further with continuing contextual analy-sis. We hope to achieve the same reduction in numbers of signs in the proto-Elamite sign repertoire once the semantic grouping and exclusion of variants proceedes. The proto-Elamite sign list of J. de Morgan published with V. Scheil’s MDP 6, pp. 85-114, contains 989 signs (pp. 83-85 is a sign list of 62 linear Elamite signs). A sign list with 1,582 entries was prepared for Scheil’s MDP 17 by Mlle. M.-M. de Mecquenem (pp. 31-66). MDP 26 has no sign list. The sign list in MDP 31 (by MM. R. De Mecquenem) pp. 44-146 contains 5,529 signs (pp. 147-150 is a sign concordance between proto-Elamite and cuneiform signs!).
12. See table 3 for images of the signs discussed here.
13. A common header in the proto-Elamite corpus, M157 has been interpreted by the editors of MDP as either a granary (De Mecquenem in MDP 31), or as a proto-Elamite version of the Mesopotamian sign DUB (tablet) (V. Scheil MDP 6 and following). In his “Essai de déchiffrement de textes en écriture proto-Élamite” (MDP 6 pp. 119ff.), V. Scheil translated the proto-Elamite texts according to a system of transliteration values adopted from cuneiform. In his notes to MDP 17, 1 in MDP 17 p. 1 V. Scheil wrote: “Le premier signe de la tablette est préliminaire et indique un compte. Comme en babylonien (?), il figurerait la tablette elle-même. Deux autre signes (dont le premier est composé) seraient les noms de personnes.” The question mark is Sheil’s own. The first sign in this text is M157.
14. Although M346 is graphically closest to the proto-cuneiform sign MAŠ, it seems to have had the same meaning as the proto-cuneiform sign UDUa.
15. Leaving aside M1 (one horizontal stroke) and M9 (two horizontal strokes), which are both assumed to be signs pertaining to the structure of the document rather than to the semantics.
16. M32, M36, M66, M218, M288, M297, and M305.
17. M54, M371, M387, and M388.
Version: April 29, 2002 | <urn:uuid:8a743e15-731e-4b59-b2d0-ad8dd4ec4d2c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://cdli.ucla.edu/Pubs/cdlb/2002/cdlb2002_001_fnn.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720941.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00519-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.827348 | 1,479 | 3.203125 | 3 |
but the midwives feared God
Anne blogs at Front Porch, Inspired about surrendering everyday living for sacred purposes. She and her husband, Jay, are founders of a ministry called The Bridge, focusing on missional living and advocacy for youth in vulnerable places of life. She holds an MA in Teaching Languages (TESOL and Spanish) and is a lover of words and the Word, culture and communication. Jay and Anne have five kids, a front door that can’t stay closed, and an abundance of messy, holy chaos at their neighborhood center/home in Iowa – of all places.
- 2015 Oct 02
But the midwives feared God and did not do as the king of Egypt commanded them, but let the male children live. Exodus 1:17
Their hands opened wide to receive life – one baby after another into dimly lit rooms where only females bowed and bonded. How did these midwives come to fear God? Did they recognize the hand of I AM in the breathing miracles they cupped, or in the tragedies their skills could not alter?
However it came to be, these gatekeepers of life feared the God who is Life, and they chose to obey Him. From humble, private spaces, they confounded the mighty king’s evil plans and thus ushered in a divine work far beyond their imagination.
And so, it was not the famous, popular, or the powerful who divinely prepared the room for a certain baby named Moses; it was the midwives, with hearts who feared God.
These nameless women were perfectly situated to receive what God was about to birth.
Lord, may You find the heart of a midwife in each of us today – reverent, humble, and willing to serve. Make us people who trust You above all else, choosing bravely to follow You in our everyday lives. Will you open our eyes to Your greater purpose of our ordinary positions? Teach us obedience and surrender, wherever You have us. In Jesus’ name. Amen
31 Days of Purpose: Devotions from the early life of Moses
From a boat-basket to a burning bush, Moses’ call to leadership is filled with everyday people and situations, all divinely orchestrated for God's divine purpose. As we study the early years of Moses, we see a consistent theme of God raising up the unlikely and transforming the average with His anointing. That's me, and that's you - common people, yet commissioned for a high calling. Let's step into it this month, together. | <urn:uuid:2b0749b9-f8e8-435a-a97e-65fb0cfd0440> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.crosswalk.com/blogs/anne-dahlhauser/but-the-midwives-feared-god.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00410-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94937 | 520 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Guest blogger today is again Ajay Parmar in the third of his posts. He is a chemical engineering professional with 5 years of industrial experience in oil refining, primarily in a process engineering capacity. He joined ICIS in 2018 as a Senior Analyst and currently works on developing a price forecasting model for crude oil and refined products.
ANCIENT GREECE gifted the world with a plethora of figures and leaders that continue to influence our modern world today. One of those most overlooked from this flock is Thucydides – an Athenian whose accounts of the 5th century war between Athens and Sparta have earned him the status of the world’s first scientific historian.
The premise of the Thucydides Trap, named after the celebrated historian, is the concept that when a rising power looks to overtake the incumbent superpower, the result almost inevitably leads to war.
The contemporary subjects of our modern day Thucydides Trap are China – the rising power, and the US – the incumbent global superpower. This time though, the war in question is not a military one, rather one of economics.
In recent years this rivalry has come to a head, with the US recently declaring a trade war on China which has escalated over many months.
The potential impact of this trade war on oil markets is stark: China, which was once the world’s largest buyer of US crude, has significantly reduced its WTI crude oil imports from the US since the trade war began to heat up.
Relentlessly pessimistic data
But the impact of the trade war on the oil market extends far beyond the breakdown of oil trade between these two great powers. The true price to be paid for this war is reduced global oil demand, due to a slowdown of global GDP growth stemming from the consequences of this war.
The IMF estimates that the trade war could cost up to $430 billion globally. That’s a huge weight for the world economy to bear and is bad news for oil prices because GDP growth and oil demand have increased in almost perfect tandem since the recovery from the Great Recession began.
Given the stream of recently released pessimistic economic data across key demand regions (February’s China PMI reading was in negative territory again), there exists a real risk to global crude demand in the near future.
Recent US policy has not only affected crude demand though – its recent geopolitical interventions have had a substantial impact the supply side too. Last year, the administration managed to convince Saudi Arabia not to continue its original set of OPEC+ cuts – a favour that the Saudis provided in return for the US withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal earlier in the year.
US sanctions on supposedly rogue nations’ oil trade have ensured ample quantities of Venezuelan and Iranian heavy oil have been removed from the market already, with further supply cuts hanging in the balance.
On top of this, Canada has recently removed significant quantities of heavy oil from the market, Saudi Arabia plans to cut deeper in March and Russia has confirmed that it will drop production further in March/April, both in line with their OPEC+ production cuts agreement.
US foreign policy depressing US refining margins
This mass removal of vast volumes of heavy oil contrasted with record-breaking US shale oil production has led to light, sweet oil being the main driver of global oil production growth. This impacts the market in a plethora of ways – one key effect being the shrinking Dubai/Oman-BFOE crude price spread.
Historically, the heavy Dubai/Oman oil benchmark has been priced lower than the lighter, sweeter BFOE benchmark, but this differential has diminished in recent months, leading to almost parity between the two benchmarks.
The ultimate consequence of this is higher oil prices for those refineries that require heavy oil as part of their crude slate (such as US refineries). In other words, the foreign policy of the US government (and others), is depressing US refining margins.
Despite all of this, the US is not yet able to influence markets in the mechanistic way that OPEC manages to. This will likely never be the case, as OPEC production far exceeds that of the US and will continue to do so for at least a few decades.
OPEC is oil’s price setter and the US, as the world’s largest producer, is a prominent price influencer, but its ability to have extensive effects on the market is currently limited. At present, US oil companies adjust production according to oil prices – once prices reach above their breakeven point, shale producers ramp up output again (largely in an effort to drawdown their large volumes of debt), whilst the US administration currently creates foreign policy with seemingly little consultation with the US oil industry.
US may never reach its full potential in oil markets
OPEC, however, adjusts policy according to supply and demand fundamentals, and implements its strategy in a much more coordinated manner. Reacting to fundamentals is a considerably more measured method of impacting the market, as it yields significantly less price volatility.
But doing this in a coordinated, gradual manner, overseen by a body which ensures cooperation of all parties involved and, crucially, is backed by each member government, is the reason why OPEC has so much leverage in the market – even more so given its recent collaboration with Russia. The US has no such approach to oil markets.
Ample evidence exists that recent US foreign policy initiatives and huge increases of US shale production volumes mean the US has colossal power in the oil markets. But its key players – the government, independent producers and oil giants all continue to function for their own self-interests.
Given the unpredictable nature of the US president, it is unlikely the US administration is going to coordinate efforts in a similar manner to OPEC. | <urn:uuid:66957659-8450-4731-a0e4-747a2e26cc0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.icis.com/asian-chemical-connections/2019/03/us-and-china-trade-war-reshaping-global-oil-markets-at-major-cost-to-the-us/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.963299 | 1,168 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Northern Cheyenne Tribe v. Hollowbreast
Annotate this Case
425 U.S. 649 (1976)
- Syllabus |
U.S. Supreme Court
Northern Cheyenne Tribe v. Hollowbreast, 425 U.S. 649 (1976)
Northern Cheyenne Tribe v. Hollowbreast
Argued March 29, 1976
Decided May 19, 1976
425 U.S. 649
CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
Section 3 of the Northern Cheyenne Allotment Act of 1926 (Act) reserves coal and other mineral deposits underlying lands on the Northern Cheyenne Reservation for the Tribe's benefit, but further provides that, 50 years after approval of the Act, such deposits "shall become the property of the respective allottees or their heirs," and that the "unallotted lands" shall be "subject to the control and management thereof as Congress may deem expedient for the benefit of said Indians." In 1968, Congress amended the Act to reserve the mineral rights "in perpetuity for the benefit of the Tribe," subject to a prior judicial determination that the allottees had not been granted vested rights to the mineral deposits by the Act. As authorized by the 1968 amendment, the Tribe brought suit against the allottees to determine whether the allottees, or their heirs or devisees, had received a vested property right in the minerals under the Act. The District Court held that the Act did not grant the allottees vested rights in the mineral deposits, construing "unallotted lands" in § 3 as including such deposits. The Court of Appeals reversed, construing § 3 as an unconditional, noncontingent grant of the mineral deposits to the allottees, in the absence of any express statement of Congress' intent to retain power over the deposits.
Held: The Act did not give the allottees of surface lands vested rights in the mineral deposits underlying those lands. This reading of the Act is supported by its legislative history, which indicates a congressional intent to sever the surface estate from the interest in the minerals and no intent to grant allottees a vested future interest in the mineral deposits, and thereby relinquish "control and management thereof as Congress may deem expedient for the benefit of said Indians." Such conclusion is also supported by the fact that the agency charged with executing the Act construed it as not granting the allottees any vested rights. Pp. 425 U. S. 654-660.
505 F.2d 268, reversed.
BRENNAN, J., delivered the opinion for a unanimous Court. BLACKMUN, J., filed a concurring opinion, post, p. 425 U. S. 660.
MR. JUSTICE BRENNAN delivered the opinion of the Court.
The question to be decided is whether the Northern Cheyenne Allotment Act, Act of June 3, 1926, 44 Stat. 690, gave the allottees of surface lands vested rights in the mineral deposits underlying those lands. The District Court for the District of Montana held that the Act did not grant the allottees vested rights in the mineral deposits. 349 F.Supp. 1302 (1972). The Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit reversed. 505 F.2d 268 (1974). We granted certiorari. 423 U.S. 891 (1975). We agree with the District Court, and reverse.
The 1926 Act statutorily established the Northern Cheyenne Reservation pursuant to the federal policy expressed in the General Allotment Act of 1887, 24 Stat. 388, [Footnote 1] and provided for the allotment of tracts of land
to individual tribal members. Section 1 of the Act declared the lands constituting the reservation "to be the property of [the Northern Cheyenne] Indians subject to such control and management of said property as the Congress of the United States may direct." Section 2 set up a procedure for allotment of agricultural and grazing lands. Section 3, 44 Stat. 691, upon which the question for decision in this case turns, reads as follows:
"That the timber, coal or other minerals, including oil, gas, and other natural deposits on said reservation are hereby reserved for the benefit of the tribe and may be leased with the consent of the Indian council under such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe: Provided, That at the expiration of fifty years from the date of the approval of this Act the coal or other minerals, including oil, gas, and other natural deposits, of said allotments shall become the property of the respective allottees or their heirs: Provided further, That the unallotted lands of said tribe of Indians shall be held in common, subject to the control and management thereof as Congress may deem expedient for the benefit of said Indians."
On its face, § 3 provides that title to the mineral deposits would pass to the allottees, or their heirs, [Footnote 2] 50 years after approval of the Act, or in 1976. But the
phrasing might also be read to imply a reserved power in Congress to terminate the allottees' interest before that date. Thus, the critical question is whether Congress could, as it purports to have done in 1968, terminate the grant without rendering the United States constitutionally liable to pay the allottees just compensation.
A supervening event of particular significance was the considerable increase in value of coal reserves under the allotted lands that occurred in the 1960's due to increasing energy demand and the concomitant need for new sources of energy. [Footnote 3] Until this occurred, the reservation of the deposits until 1976 for the benefit of the Tribe had not significantly benefited it, because mining of most of the coal was not economically feasible. There was also substantial concern that, because one-third of the allottees did not live on the reservation, if control of strip mining passed in 1976 to the individual allottees, serious adverse consequences might be suffered by the Indians living on the reservation. In addition, Congress believed that injustice might result if the benefits to be realized by individual Indians depended upon whether coal was found under particular allotted lands. S.Rep. No. 1145, 90th Cong., 2d Sess., 2 (1968); H.R.Rep. No. 1292, 90th Cong., 2d Sess., 2 (1968). These considerations led Congress in 1968 to terminate the grant to allottees and to reserve the mineral rights "in perpetuity for the benefit of the Tribe." Act of July 24, 1968, Pub.L. 90-424, 82 Stat. 424. [Footnote 4] The termination
was, however, expressly conditioned upon a prior judicial determination that the allottees had not been granted vested rights to the mineral deposits by the 1926 Act. Congress so conditioned the termination to avoid the possibility of a successful claim for damages against the United States by the allottees under the Just Compensation Clause of the Fifth Amendment. The 1968 amendment authorized the Tribe to commence an action against the allottees in the District Court for Montana
"to determine whether under [the 1926 Act] the allottees, their heirs or devisees, have received a vested property right in the minerals which is protected by the fifth amendment,"
and provided that the reservation of the minerals in perpetuity for the benefit of the Tribe "shall cease to have any force or effect" if the court determines that "the allottees, their heirs or devisees, have a vested interest in the minerals which is protected by the fifth amendment." [Footnote 5]
Both the Tribe and the allottees argue that the plain meaning of § 3 of the 1926 Act, providing that the mineral deposits "shall become the property of the respective allottees" 50 years after the effective date of the Act, compels a declaratory judgment in their favor. The Tribe argues that this provision can only be read to grant an expectancy, while the allottees maintain that it unequivocally grants a vested future interest. [Footnote 6] Both interpretations
are consistent with the wording of the Act, and we therefore must determine the intent of Congress by looking to the legislative history against the background of principles governing congressional power to alter allotment plans.
The District Court agreed with the Tribe, reading "unallotted lands" in § 3 as including the mineral deposits, since the Act expressly severed the mineral deposits from the surface of the allotted lands and subjected unallotted lands "to the control and management thereof as Congress may deem expedient for the benefit of said Indians." 349 F.Supp. at 1309-1310. The Court of Appeals rejected the District Court's interpretation of "unallotted lands" as including the severed mineral deposits, rendering them subject to congressional control and management; rather, it read § 3 to be an "unconditional, noncontingent grant of [the mineral] deposits to the allottees," and noted the absence of any "clear expression of Congress's retained power." 505 F.2d at 271-272.
The Court of Appeals erred in its basic approach to construction of the 1926 Act. Its view was that Congress must be regarded as having relinquished its control over Indian lands in the absence of an express statement of its intent to retain the power. [Footnote 7] Just the opposite is true. The Court has consistently recognized
the wide-ranging congressional power to alter allotment plans until those plans are executed. E.g., Chase v. United States, 256 U. S. 1, 256 U. S. 7 (1921); United States v. Rowell, 243 U. S. 464, 243 U. S. 468 (1917); Sizemore v. Brady, 235 U. S. 441, 235 U. S. 449-450 (1914); Gritts v. Fisher, 224 U. S. 640, 224 U. S. 648 (1912); Stephens v. Cherokee Nation, 174 U. S. 445, 174 U. S. 484 (1899). This principle has specifically been applied to uphold congressional imposition on allottees of restraints against alienation of their interests or expansion of the class of beneficiaries under an allotment Act. E.g., United States v. Jim, 409 U. S. 80 (1972); Brader v. James, 246 U. S. 88 (1918). The extensiveness of this congressional authority, as well as "Congress' unique obligation toward the Indians," Morton v. Mancari, 417 U. S. 535, 417 U. S. 555 (1974), underlies the judicially fashioned canon of construction that these statutes are to be read to reserve Congress' powers in the absence of a clear expression by Congress to the contrary. Chippewa Indians v. United States, 307 U. S. 1, 307 U. S. 5 (1939).
Read in this light, the statutory history of the Northern Cheyenne Reservation allotment supports the District Court's reading of the Act. Although prior to 1925 allotment Acts had been enacted for nearly all Indian reservations, none yet applied to the Northern Cheyenne Reservation. The Tribe in 1925 petitioned Senator Walsh of Montana to have the reservation allotted. The petition read in pertinent part:
"We, the undersigned members of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Tribe, of the State of Montana, do hereby humbly beseech you to do all in your power to have a Bill introduced and passed in Congress, to have an allotment of not less than 320 acres of tillable farm land made to each and every member of the Northern Cheyenne Indians."
"To reserve all mineral, timber, and coal lands
for the benefit of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Tribe, said tribe to have absolute control of same."
Thus, the Tribe from the outset sought allotment provisions that would retain, for the benefit of the entire Tribe, the rights to the coal and other minerals underlying the reservation.
Shortly thereafter Hubert Work, Secretary of the Interior, sent Representative Leavitt of Montana, Chairman of the House Committee on Indian Affairs, a proposed draft of an allotment bill for the Northern Cheyenne Reservation. An accompanying letter reiterated the Tribe's desire to give individual Indians agricultural and grazing lands. Secretary Work also suggested that a survey of the land be made, and further proposed that,
"[i]n the event any of the land listed for allotting is found to contain coal or other minerals, it is contemplated to reserve all such minerals for the tribe and to allot the surface only."
H.R.Rep. No. 383, 69th Cong., 1st Sess., 2 (1926).
The proposed bill (H.R. 9558) introduced in the House two days later by Representative Leavitt followed this suggestion. Section 2 of this bill provided for a geological survey and required that
"if any of the land shall be found to contain coal or other minerals, only the surface thereof may be allotted, and all minerals on said lands are hereby reserved for the benefit of the tribe."
This language is clear evidence of an intent to sever the surface estate from the interest in the minerals at least wherever minerals are found to exist. But nothing appears in the legislative history explaining the object of the proviso:
"Provided, That at the expiration of fifty years from the date of the approval of this Act, the coal
or other mineral deposits of said allotments shall become the property of the respective allottees or their heirs or assigns."
We are persuaded for several reasons that it was not intended to grant the allottees a vested future interest in the mineral deposits, and thereby relinquish congressional "control and management thereof as Congress may deem expedient for the benefit of said Indians."
The proposed bill plainly reveals a purpose to sever the mineral rights from the surface estate; "only the surface . . . may be allotted" under the bill. In fact, the limited object of the bill, as stated in its title, was "to provide for allotting in severalty agricultural lands" within the reservation. This limited object carries out Secretary Work's suggestion, and honors the Tribe's request, to limit the allotment to the surface lands to enable the Tribe to enjoy the full benefit of the mineral rights. Nothing in the legislative history shows any congressional purpose not to follow the Secretary's proposal; every indication is to the contrary. [Footnote 8] Only the surface lands were to be subject to allotment. The House Committee's amendments to the bill make this purpose even clearer; the Committee retained the language that limited the allotment to surface lands, but omitted the language imposing this limitation only in the event that minerals were found on the land. [Footnote 9] H.R.Rep.
No. 383, supra at 1. The House passed the bill as amended by the Committee. 67 Cong.Rec. 6522 (1926).
The Senate Committee reported out the House bill with several amendments, two of which have significance in support of our conclusion. S.Rep. No. 638, 69th Cong., 1st Sess. (1926). A new opening section, eventually § 1 of the Act, see supra at 425 U. S. 651, confirmed the Tribe's title to the reservation lands and expressly retained Congress' authority to manage those lands. The Committee also rewrote § 2 of the House bill and substituted the following as § 3 of its bill:
"That the timber, coal or other minerals, including oil, gas, and other natural deposits on said reservation, are hereby reserved for the benefit of the tribe: Provided, That at the expiration of fifty years from the date of the approval of this act the coal or other minerals, including oil, gas, and other natural deposits of said allotments shall become the property of the respective allottees or their heirs: Provided further, That the unallotted lands of said tribe of Indians shall be held in common, subject to the control and management thereof as Congress may deem expedient for the benefit of said Indians."
The changes from the House bill indicate no difference in purpose. The coal and other mineral rights were still "reserved for the benefit of the tribe," with no suggestion from the Senate Committee that it attached any more import to the 50-year provision than had the House. Most significantly, and a critical fact supporting the District Court's construction of § 3, the Committee added an express reservation of congressional authority
over "unallotted lands." [Footnote 10] Since the House bill clearly allotted only the surface lands, we are compelled to conclude that, when both Houses adopted the bill as amended by the Senate, "unallotted lands" in § 3 included the mineral deposits. See British-American Oil Co. v. Board of Equalization, 299 U. S. 159, 299 U. S. 164-165 (1936). [Footnote 11]
The conclusion we reach is also supported by the wording of the allotment trust patents. The patents
"reserved for the benefit of the Northern Cheyenne Indians, all the coal or other minerals, including oil, gas, and all natural deposits in said land,"
without any reference to the allottees' future interest. Thus, the agency charged with executing the Act construed it as not granting the allottees any vested rights. "While not conclusive, this construction given to the [allotment] act in the course of its actual execution is entitled to great respect." La Roque v. United States, 239 U. S. 62, 239 U. S. 64 (1915). See United States v. Jackson, 280 U. S. 183, 280 U. S. 193 (1930); Assiniboine & Sioux Tribes v. Nordwick, 378 F.2d 426, 432 (CA9 1967), cert. denied, 389 U.S. 1046 (1968).
The objects of this policy were to end tribal land ownership and to substitute private ownership, on the view that private ownership by individual Indians would better advance their assimilation as self supporting members of our society and relieve the Federal Government of the need to continue supervision of Indian affairs. See Comment, Tribal Self-Government and the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, 70 Mich.L.Rev. 955, 959 (1972).
In 1961, Congress amended the Act to add the allottees' devisees as beneficiaries. Act of Sept. 22, 1961, Pub.L. 87-287, 75 Stat. 586. At the same time Congress amended § 3 to permit the Tribe to lease mineral rights beyond 1976, and provided that any interest that might be taken by the allottees would be "subject to any outstanding leases." Congress also prohibited the allottees from conveying their future interest, and voided any conveyances entered into prior to 1961. Previously § 3 had been amended to grant the allottees the timber on the allotted lands. Act of July 24, 1947, c 314, 61 Stat. 418.
Petitioner informs us that its "conservative estimate of the value of the coal reserves is $2 billion, based on a recent offer for coal under the Crow Reservation, which adjoins the Northern Cheyenne Reservation."
The full text of § 3, as amended, is:
"(a) The coal or other minerals, including oil, gas, and other natural deposits, on said reservation are hereby reserved in perpetuity for the benefit of the tribe and may be leased with the consent of the Indian council for mining purposes in accordance with the provisions of the Act of May 11, 1938 (52 Stat. 347; 25 U.S.C. [§] 396a-f), under such rules, regulations, and conditions as the Secretary of the Interior may prescribe."
"(b) The unallotted lands of said tribe of Indians shall be held in common, subject to the control and management thereof as Congress may deem expedient for the benefit of said Indians."
Congress rejected the possibility of extending the Tribe's interest for a term of years, rather than in perpetuity, on the recommendation of the Department of the Interior. The Department took the view that an extension for a number of years -- the original bill proposed 42 years -- would create difficult and costly administrative problems in determining the heirs of the allottees; Congress accordingly extended the interest in perpetuity. H.R.Rep. No. 1292, 90th Cong., 2d Sess., 2 (1968); S.Rep. No. 1145, 90th Cong., 2d Sess., 2 (1968).
Section 2 of the amendment, 82 Stat. 425, provides as follows:
"The Northern Cheyenne Tribe is authorized to commence in the United States District Court for the District of Montana an action against the allottees who received allotments pursuant to the Act of June 3, 1926, as amended, their heirs or devisees, either individually or as a class, to determine whether under the provisions of the Act of June 3, 1926, as amended, the allottees, their heirs or devisees, have received a vested property right in the minerals which is protected by the fifth amendment. The United States District Court for the District of Montana shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine the action and an appeal from its judgment may be taken as provided by law. If the court determines that the allottees, their heirs or devisees, have a vested interest in the minerals which is protected by the fifth amendment, or if the tribe does not commence an action as here authorized within two years from the date of this Act, the first section of this Act shall cease to have any force or effect, and the provisions of section 3 of the Act of June 3, 1926, as amended by the Acts of July 24, 1947, and September 21 [sic], 1961, shall thereupon be carried out as fully as if section 3 had not been amended by this Act."
The Tribe sued 10 allottees, individually and as representatives of the class of allottees, heirs, and devisees, and sought a declaratory judgment that the class had no vested rights and that the Tribe owned the coal and other minerals in perpetuity. We shall refer to the class as "allottees."
Respondents Williamson and Bowen also argue that the unusual review provision accompanying the 1968 amendment evidences "a formidable Congressional apprehension" concerning the constitutionality of extending the Tribe's interest in perpetuity. On the contrary, Congress merely recognized that a plausible argument might be made on behalf of the allottees, and desired its merit to be judicially determined. The House Committee, however, expressly stated its belief that the allottees had only an expectancy. H.R.Rep. No. 1292, supra at 3. Moreover, the concerns assertedly felt by Congress in 1968 undoubtedly were not present in 1961; in that year, Congress gave the Tribe authority to encumber the allottees' interest by signing long-term leases, expanded the class of beneficiaries to include devisees, and prohibited the allottees from conveying their future interests. See n 2, supra.
The court also relied on the canon that "statutes passed for the benefit of the Indians are to be liberally construed and all doubts are to be resolved in their favor." 505 F.2d at 272. But this eminently sound and vital canon has no application here; the contesting parties are an Indian tribe and a class of individuals consisting primarily of tribal members.
Documents on deposit in the National Archives show that Representative Leavitt's proposed bill was identical to the Secretary's draft, and the 50-year provision is thus even more clearly not intended to grant vested rights. Secretary Work's summary of the draft bill stated the intention "to reserve all . . . minerals for the tribe," and did not mention the allottees' future interest.
The bill as reported by the Committee, with the deleted language in brackets, reads:
"[and if any of the land shall be found to contain coal or other minerals,] only the surface of any lands in this reservation may be allotted, and all minerals on said lands are hereby reserved for the benefit of the tribe. . . ."
The balance of the provision was unchanged. See supra at 425 U. S. 657.
The bill was also amended before final passage to permit the Tribe to lease the reserved mineral estates, 67 Cong.Rec. 9735 (1926), and to require that all income from the minerals be held by the United States for the benefit of the Tribe, id. at 9962.
A reasonable explanation for the provision that the mineral rights would become the property of the allottees after 50 years is that it may have been thought to further the policy of assimilation underlying the allotment policy, see n 1, supra; the provision is consistent with a desire to give the mineral rights to the allottees after they became assimilated. On the other hand, the vesting of an irrevocable future interest in 1926 would not be wholly consistent with that policy, particularly since the policy as reflected in allotment statutes was already losing its appeal by 1926, and Congress might more logically be expected to have been reluctant to surrender its power to modify the Act.
MR. JUSTICE BLACKMUN, concurring.
For me, and obviously for the Congress, this case is much closer and the legislative history much less clear
than the Court's opinion makes them out to be. There are factors that distinctly favor the respondents. For one example, in other comparable statutes, there are specific reservations (e.g., "unless otherwise provided by Congress") of the kind of congressional power that the Court finds implicit here. Our National Legislature obviously knew how expressly to reserve the power, and yet did not employ the "magic words" here. On balance, however, the strength of the case rests with the petitioner. It is of some importance, I feel, that the minerals could have been leased and depleted during the 50-year period. This possibility surely diminishes the reliance interest of any allottee and his successors. I therefore join the Court's opinion and its judgment. | <urn:uuid:b4f3bb62-38d4-4709-afb0-b3f6e70b51f9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/425/649/case.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719908.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00157-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945533 | 5,433 | 2.0625 | 2 |
The Pew survey, How Americans Value Public Libraries in Their Communities by Kathryn Zickuhr, Lee Rainie, Kristen Purcell and Maeve Duggan, was released on December 11, 2013, and it provides us with some solid food for thought with regard to advocating for the services that we provide. It notes that Americans strongly value the role of public libraries within their communities, but also indicates some areas where we need to “get the word out,” so to speak. Questions addressed in the survey included:
- The importance of public libraries to their communities and the impact to family and community should the library close.
- The importance of particular library services to the individual and his/her family.
- How well-informed those surveyed felt about different services offered by their library.
- How many had used a public library in the past 12 months.
- How many have had a positive experience in using a public library.
While survey responses were mostly positive, there was variation as to the importance of specific services offered depending upon the group to which the respondent belonged. Those of us who serve young people should note that parents with minor children were more likely to respond that many services offered by the library are “very important.”
As an advocate for library services in general and services to young people in particular, the response to the question “How well-informed do you feel about the different services your public library offers?” was the one that I found most frustrating and the one that seems to me to call out to us with regard to promoting and advocating for the services that we provide for our communities. The report noted that 23% felt they knew most or all of what the library provided, 47% knew some, 20% indicated not much and 10% said that they knew nothing.
In effect, the survey indicates that the majority of people surveyed like their libraries, feel that they are valuable to the community, know where their library is located, and have used it within the past twelve months. On the other hand, their knowledge of what the library offers in the way of services varies considerably. So the question is; how do we more effectively advocate for and promote the services that we provide?
I encourage you to read the report and to view it from the perspective of your library and its services. It does provide you with positive data about how Americans view their public libraries. This is data that you may well be able to use as you talk with local government and other agencies about library service needs within your community. It can be found at http://libraries.pewinternet.org/2013/12/11/how-americans-value-public-libraries-in-their-communities/.
Many thanks to Joanna Ison, ALSC Program Officer for Projects and Partnerships, for sharing the report with me.
Chair, ALSC Advocacy and Legislation Committee | <urn:uuid:1442c439-c494-498c-bfa2-af294fb52db4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.alsc.ala.org/blog/2013/12/survey-says/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721278.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00148-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97844 | 594 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Every August a small town called Killorglin in County Kerry in the south west of Ireland hosts a festival known as Puck Fair, which organisers tell us has taken place for over 400 years.
As part of this festival, a wild male goat is wrestled and snatched from it’s normally secluded and quiet, natural mountain home, where it can roam freely, to be paraded though narrow, crowded streets in noise and chaos before being imprisoned in a cage in which he can barely turn around, suspended 60 feet above the ground on metal scaffolding in the centre of a heaving central market.
The unfortunate goat is incarcerated there for the duration of the festival, regardless of the weather, while below, over 80,000 revelers party from 9am to past 3am, spurred on by pubs with special extended opening licenses and booming P.A. systems. While those attending the festival have the luxury of getting some sleep in the early morning hours, the goat must continue to endure the noise and bustle of cleanup crews who replace the revelers at that point on the streets, so it is hard to see how he gets any sleep during the entire 3 days at all. On the night before he is released, the goat must also endure a fireworks display, something that we all know distresses even pets and domesticated animals, never mind a wild one.
I don’t think it would be any exaggeration to describe the experience the goat must endure as akin to that which your cat or dog would experience were it to be suspended in a cage above Temple Bar for the entirety of Paddy’s weekend or above Bourbon Street in New Orleans for Mardi Gras.
How many of us would sanction such treatment of our own pet? Why is it acceptable to subject a wild animal to this?
The organisers insist this mistreatment of the goat is a 400 year tradition. Well, we did many things 400 years ago which happily most of us have evolved beyond doing now. We also didn’t have the Animal Health and Welfare Act 2013 for most of that time, which it appears may be being breached by the festival organisers in their treatment of the poor goat.
The organisers claim the goat IS the festival, yet all over the world, communities still manage to profit from their association with things that are socially unacceptable in this day and age without actually still practicing them, take Salem in the US, do they still burn witches for a tourist buck? Will the upcoming 1916 celebrations include real armed insurrection on the streets of Dublin to wring a couple of extra euro out of the pocket of international fans of the Michael Collins movie? The festival could well continue successfully without involving the abuse of a wild animal.
Seems to me that a decision by the organisers to throw off the blinkers of ‘tradition’, to take a more progressive approach to the festival, one that truly celebrates our noble wild mountain goats, could only bring huge positive benefits including the extra publicity and ensure that the festival remains with us for another 400 years. The alternative of course is the voices of opposition to the use of the live goat getting stronger and more determined and the festival’s reputation becoming gradually more tarnished, perceived as outdated or even barbaric, a throw back to less enlightened times, increasingly out of step with a world where animals are no longer viewed as mere objects of entertainment.
The organisers say the goat is treated “as a king” but kings don’t usually have to be wrestled, kidnapped and caged to make them attend their own ‘coronation’. They claim the goat is given dedicated animal welfare care but what kind of care could possibly nullify the trauma the animal must endure from the noise and chaos, not to mention the drastic change in his surroundings, the simple lack of mobility for 3 days and the few opportunities for peaceful sleep? With all due respect, I would suggest that if the organisers think this is an acceptable way to treat any creature, never mind a reclusive wild one, let them get up into the cage themselves for the duration of the festivities for one year and then tell us all how they enjoyed it.
It’s worth noting that the festival’s longtime goat catcher, Frank Joy, parted ways with the festival in 2014. Reading what Frank has to say about the goats, it is undeniable that he has developed a love and respect for them. He talks about their intelligence and how they can ‘become very depressed quckly’ and is also a very vocal advocate for our wild goats in general and particularly concerned at their decline in his local area. This kind of use at Puck Fair is certainly a strange way to celebrate and value such a clever and resourceful creature.
We’re told the vet is groomed, de-flead etc. The reality is, as anyone who knows goats will tell you, is that male goats are notoriously smelly and I can only imagine that the grooming is done at least as much for the sake of the handlers and the photo opportunities as it is done for the goat’s welfare. In the publicity shots, the goat always looks remarkably clean. If, as I suspect, the goat is being washed, he is being stripped of the natural oils that maintain the integrity of his coat and protect him from the wind – a particularly important consideration when you’re confined in a cage with no shelter at the sides.
We’re told that an independent vet regularly inspects the goat. How independent can this vet really feel as a local who would be perceived as risking €7m revenue for the town were they to say the goat should not be used.
The treatment of the goat isn’t the only negative animal welfare issue relating to Puck Fair, Concern has also been raised about the welfare and treatment of animals involved in the horse fair which takes place during the festival.
The organisers cite The Gathering and Tourism Ireland as supporters. Do we really want to continue having public funds spent associating Irish tourism with this kind of out-dated concept – come for the drink and a glimpse of gratuitous goat abuse and hey, you might stay for our wonderful environment, people, music, literature etc.
The organisers also seem to interpret the silence of Simon Coveney, Minister for Agriculture with responsibility for animal welfare and the protection of our wildlife, and the Department of Agriculture as support for this treatment of the goat. Is it? The Animal Health & Welfare Act 2013 seems pretty clear on it’s guarantee for the rights of animals to express their normal behaviour. How can a mountain goat express it’s normal behaviour locked in a cage in the centre of a town above 80,000 people?
Some have criticised those calling for an end to this unnecessary cruelty given all the other animal abuse out there. They say why not focus on all of that. Well, first off we do, this is not the first time I’ve written about animal welfare on this blog and it certainly isn’t the first time ARAN has spoken up on animal welfare issues. Goats are members of the same animal group as elephants and ungulates. It is evident from research that they are substantially more intelligent than other domesticated animals such as sheep and cattle and scientists believe that wild goats are even more intelligent than domesticated ones in order to meet the increased challenges from their situation.
But beyond that, it’s a question of who is sustaining this mistreatment, public bodies using public funds. It’s simply society-sanctioned animal abuse. It directly speaks to our poor public regard as a nation for our wild animals and it also serves to desensitise all of us to other forms of animal abuse. It teaches our kids that using a natural animal for entertainment is OK and spawns another generation of animal mistreatment. While over 11 county councils nationwide have outright bans on circuses which use animals as part of the entertainment, Kerry County Council stands proudly behind this 3 day wild goat circus.
On the bright side, there is currently an online petition with, as I write, over 23,000 signatures objecting to the use of the live goat at the Puck Fair. If enough sign it, perhaps the organisers will do the right thing, even if it’s just out of self interest. You can add your signature by visiting here.
Since I first published this post, the online petition against the festival stands at close to 24,000 signatures, many of which are from abroad, Puck is generating a great reputation for our country it seems.
On a more sinister note, threats have been issued to ARAN activists who have been told they would be beaten if they attended Puck Fair to protest the treatment of animals there.
Well your majesty, I’ve done what I can for you. | <urn:uuid:d305031e-3007-436c-a5c1-1b56f2df6418> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.lostandfoundpets.ie/info/topics/social-web/?wpmp_switcher=mobile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00439-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964259 | 1,808 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Many of the traits described in Chapter 2 are emphasized again below. Anthony Hopkins should not allow himself to become so responsible and mature that he has no time left for play.
Serious, disciplined and quietly ambitious, he is driven to prove himself and to achieve material accomplishments and success. His work, his position in the world, and his contributions to society are very important to Hopkins. Anthony Hopkins will persevere through enormous hardship and frustration in order to reach a goal he has set for himself, and he often sacrifices much in the area of personal relationships and home life in order to do so.
Anthony Hopkins has a thoughtful, quiet and self-contained disposition and does not readily show his inner feelings and needs. Anthony Hopkins seems to always be in control, capable, efficient and strong. He is often the person in the family or group who is given more responsibility (and more work) than the others. He is highly conscientious and even as a child he possessed great maturity, soberness, and worldly wisdom.
He is basically a pragmatic realist, and though he may have all sorts of dreams, ideals and colorful theories, he feels that the ultimate test of a concept is its practical usefulness. Anthony has an innate shrewdness and business sense, and there is a bit of the cynic in him as well.
He is clear-headed, detached and objective, and is not swayed by emotional dramatics. He is often authoritarian - strictly fair, but without mercy. Anthony Hopkins has a great respect for tradition and even if he does not agree with certain laws, he will abide by them or strive to change them, but never flagrantly disregard them. Cautious and conservative, Anthony Hopkins plays by the rules.
He is subtle, understated, quiet, deep, not easy to get to know intimately, and never superficial. He is a modest person and sometimes overly self-critical. Giving himself (and others) permission to feel, play, be spontaneous and silly, and sometimes weak and vulnerable is not easy for Hopkins.
Hopkins' strong points are his depth and thoroughness, patience, tenacity and faithfulness. His faults are a tendency to be rigid and inflexible, and too serious.
Anthony Hopkins tends to get involved in the helping professions or in activities where his efforts are hidden, behind the scenes, unacknowledged, or unknown to the public. Asserting himself or getting up in front of an audience may be exceedingly uncomfortable for Hopkins.
Anthony Hopkins tends to see things from his perspective only and to be rather subjective. He also enjoys talking and expressing his views but does not always listen as well. Anthony Hopkins has a clear mind, a love of learning and new experiences, and he needs constant mental stimulation and activity.
Hopkins can be an inspiring leader of a team or group effort. His dynamism and energy evokes the same in others, and he sees healthy competition between people as a plus. Generally, Anthony Hopkins enjoys fine health as well.
The unusual and unorthodox appeal to Hopkins, and he does not allow tradition, convention or other people's expectations to dictate how he is going to live his life. Anthony Hopkins craves freedom, adventure, excitement and discovery, and is not afraid of change. Anthony Hopkins possesses inventive and creative genius.
Anthony Hopkins has a strong need to be with people whom he is emotionally close to. He is very sensitive to others emotional needs, lending a sympathetic ear to their problems. Peace and harmony in his personal surrounding and relationships are very important to Hopkins.
Astrological factors in this Astro Profile section:
Ascendant in Capricorn and Sun in Capricorn
Sun in Capricorn
Sun in 12th house
Sun Conjunct Mercury
Sun Sextile Mars
Sun Trine Uranus
Sun Conjunct Moon/Asc. | <urn:uuid:0fa2c573-67cf-4fd6-999f-322515ad8447> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://famous-relationships.topsynergy.com/Anthony_Hopkins/Motivation.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00011-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9718 | 783 | 2.4375 | 2 |
The Little Crake (Porzana parva) is a very small waterbird of the family Rallidae.
Their breeding habitat is reed beds in Europe, mainly in the east, and just into western Asia. They nest in a dry location in reed vegetation, laying 4-7 eggs. This species is migratory, wintering in Africa.
At 17-19 cm length, they are slightly smaller than Spotted Crakes, from which they are readily distinguished by the lack of dark barring and white spots on the flanks. They are more similar to Baillon's Crake.
The Little Crake has a short straight bill, yellow with a red base. Adult males have mainly brown upperparts and blue-grey face and underparts. They have green legs with long toes, and a short tail which is barred black and white underneath.
Females have buff underparts, and are grey only on the face. Immature Little Crakes are similar to the female but have a white face and breast. The downy chicks are black, as with all rails.
These birds probe with their bill in mud or shallow water, also picking up food by sight. They mainly eat insects and aquatic animals.
Little Crakes are very secretive in the breeding season, and are then mostly heard rather than seen. They are then noisy birds, with a yapping kua call. They can be easier to see on migration.
The Little Crake is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Porzana parva | <urn:uuid:bb1e4798-ba0b-4844-912a-c23c85d01490> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.kiwifoto.com/galleries/birds/little_crake/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720380.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00054-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965447 | 345 | 3.265625 | 3 |
The building and its condition
The building, referred to as “the cottage”, is a storey and a half wooden structure measuring 30 feet by 18 feet in plan and thought to have been a modest residential structure built in the late 1860s to early 1870s. It has been examined by Rob Mikel, a well respected authority on heritage buildings and family histories, especially in the Cobourg area where he was born, and by Peter Stokes, the heritage architect who guided the 1970s restoration of Victoria Hall in Downtown Cobourg.
The building, along with a storey and a half driving shed of approximately the same dimensions, is believed to have been built close to the waterfront on the Illahee Lodge property at the south end of Ontario Street. Later both buildings were moved to the northern border of the property where the cottage was set on brick piers and the shed was set on a concrete slab.
Over the years, the interior of the cottage has been modified to accommodate at least two different uses. These modifications included adding electrical wiring and a hard-wired fire alarm system, adding first and second floor bathrooms, turning the kitchen into a common room and adding a screened-in front porch with a balcony above served by a second floor exterior door which replaced a window. Fibre tiles covered the plaster ceilings and wood panelling covered the plaster walls. Narrow hardwood flooring had been added covering the original wood floor. At a later date all the floors were carpeted.. Along the bottom of the board and batten siding rot is evident in some areas.
Despite its age, the interior woodwork is in excellent condition.
As a result of having been supported by a stone foundation at some time in its past, the heavy perimeter 10 inch by 10 inch timber wood sills show evidence of significant rot along 40% of their 92 foot length. Over 16 feet of this length the rot has penetrated to half the timber depth.
The cottage is moved to the site of the future Sifton-Cook Heritage Centre
In 2006 the Cobourg Museum Foundation developed a site plan for its first project, which will develop the “barracks” building and its site into the future Sifton-Cook Heritage Centre. The plan included a 30 foot by 20 foot storey and a half administration building to be constructed at the east end of its site. The CMF began to collect heavy timber framing and barn board to be used in its construction.
In the same year Kevin Doble bought the Illahee Lodge property. In September of 2007, Kevin Doble and his development company West Colony Bay, offered to donate the cottage to the CMF and the shed to the adjacent Calcutt property, which is adjacent to the CMF site. After a tour of the “barracks” and an explanation of our goals Mr Doble volunteered to pay for the cost of moving both buildings. Since dimensions of the cottage and the fact it was a heritage building fit the needs of the heritage centre, the CMF accepted Mr Doble’s generous offer.
In November 2007 the CMF was allowed three minor variances by the Committee of Adjustment in its approval of the final location of the cottage on the site.
West Colony Bay engaged the services of Laurie McCullouch Building Movers of Whitby and in the Spring of 2008, McCullouch moved the buildings to the west edge of the property next to Ontario Street and placed them on wooden cribs. In the meantime the CMF approached the companies whose wires would have to be raised along the route of the move and asked if they would donate their costs in support of built-heritage preservation and the future Sifton-Cook Heritage Centre. All four companies agreed to do so. As a result, Bell Canada, COGECO Cable, Lakefront Utilities and Cobourg Fiberoptic Networks Inc will be recognized as Corporate Sponsors.
The move of both buildings took place simultaneously on July 29, 2008 and the cottage was placed on wood cribs awaiting the construction of a new foundation.
In the meantime a Building Code conflict was discovered between the proposed location of the cottage and nearby high voltage hydro wires. After exploring a number of options, a second site for the building was decided upon which included the added benefit of using the building as the entrance to the Sifton Cook Heritage Centre. Lakefront Utilities agreed to grant an easement on their adjacent property and the zoning variance needed was applied for to the Cobourg Committee of Adjustment in October 2008.
The future of the cottage
As of early October the work to be done on the cottage includes: repairing the areas with wood rot; building a foundation and installing underground water, sewage and electrical lines to the street; reshingling the roof with hand-split wood shingles; adding strength to the first and second floor structure to allow public occupancy; removing all plaster and rewiring and refinishing the walls and ceilings; building a gift shop and an accessible uni-sex bathroom; refinishing the board and batten siding and adding a protected front porch; installing off-set hinges on the front door along with an entrance ramp to make the building wheelchair accessible and a rear entrance door and ramp at the back end of the central corridor. | <urn:uuid:ab301c5b-9b2d-4915-9b76-89a69533ddfa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cobourgmuseum.ca/the-building-itself/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.966652 | 1,081 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Due to funding constraints to be eligible for this studentship you need to be classified as a home student. Please see eligibility criteria here: Eligibility for studentship funding – UKRI.
Deadline for Applications: 17 August 2022 by 17.00
Academic Supervisors: Ruth Misener and Mark van der Wilk (Imperial).
Project Title: Data-driven optimization of hierarchical engineering systems
This project addresses the data-driven optimization of hierarchical engineering systems. We will study Bayesian optimization when decision depend on one another. To understand the challenge, consider a (fictional) optimization example with a chemical reaction that can run in reactor A or reactor B. Reactor A is a batch reactor where temperature and stirrer speed can be controlled. Reactor B is a tubular reactor with a defined temperature but no stirrer because the reactants just flow through. For Reactor B, it would not be relevant to just set the stirrer speed to 0 because the entire geometry of the reactor is different. The black-box optimizer would have to choose between reactors A and B and then set the parameters that are active for that setup.
We have presented the challenge in light of an engineering application, but there are many other applications including hyper parameter optimization in machine learning.
In addition to doing research, the student will have the opportunity to contribute to our team’s open-source software packages. The current project is part of a bigger research collaboration between Imperial and BASF.
The successful candidate will be part of the Modern Statistics and Statistical Machine Learning Centre for Doctoral Training and will be required to take courses and attend events as part of the cohort.
To apply please send an up-to-date CV to statml.io.admissions@email@example.com with the subject “Application – Data-driven optimization of hierarchical engineering systems”. | <urn:uuid:b0b7d62e-a823-48ac-bfdb-704950337f49> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://statml.io/index.php/fully-funded-studentship-statml-cdt/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571246.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811073058-20220811103058-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.903912 | 397 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Catalonia nestles in the foothills of the Pyrenees and bordered by the Mediterranean Sea, Catalonia offers a wonderful natural beauty with its rugged landscape and inherent charm. The year round warm climate is less harsh than Southern Spain, the Catalonia area is lush with cornfields, cypress and olive trees, pine forests and cork-oaks. The beaches vary from long sandy bays like Playa de Pals, to small intimate coves such as Aigua Blava and Tamariu. Visitors are offered a wealth of memorable experiences from both the scenery and the culture of the area.
For those who enjoy the pleasures of discovering food in stunning surroundings, Catalan Cuisine will be another highlight of your trip. Catalonia is packed with restaurants to suit all tastes from the simplest farmhouse cooking at remarkably low prices, to the highest quality Catalan feast. Catalonia boasts many wine co-operatives that produce reds, whites, refreshing rosés and excellent sparkling Cavas to accompany any meal. The sporting facilities offered by the region are superb, with tennis, horse riding and sailing available. It is Golf however that has taken the Catalonia by storm. Some of the finest courses in Southern Europe are within just 30 minutes drive of Pals. In response to this increasing attraction, PCI now offers specialist golfing holidays to the region or can arrange single day games for the less enthusiastic.
There are many historical sites, museums and art treasures to enjoy in Catalonia, artists such as Dali, Miro and Picasso were all inspired by the region. For those who enjoy fascinating Medieval Villages, Museums and Art Treasures Catalonia is an essential destination - in particular the Dali museum at Figueres should not be missed. The capital of Catalonia is Barcelona, a historic city that provides a complete contrast to the relaxed atmosphere around Pals and Gerona. A bustling colourful city, Barcelona is a fascinating place to visit either as part of your holiday or as a separate out of season break. A heady blend of modern and ancient architecture, theatres, shops, restaurants and museums. | <urn:uuid:2e93afc2-a086-472c-85e7-60c8e624fbcc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pci-holidays.com/en/region.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.941406 | 422 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Chapter 36 - The Truth At Last
Two days after the marriage--on Wednesday, the ninth of September a packet of letters, received at Windygates, was forwarded by Lady Lundie's steward to Ham Farm.
With one exception, the letters were all addressed either to Sir Patrick or to his sister-in-law. The one exception was directed to "Arnold Brinkworth, Esq., care of Lady Lundie, Windygates House, Perthshire"--and the envelope was specially protected by a seal.
Noticing that the post-mark was "Glasgow," Sir Patrick (to whom the letter had been delivered) looked with a certain distrust at the handwriting on the address. It was not known to him--but it was obviously the handwriting of a woman. Lady Lundie was sitting opposite to him at the table. He said, carelessly, "A letter for Arnold"--and pushed it across to her. Her ladyship took up the letter, and dropped it, the instant she looked at the handwriting, as if it had burned her fingers.
"The Person again!" exclaimed Lady Lundie. "The Person, presuming to address Arnold Brinkworth, at My house!"
"Miss Silvester?" asked Sir Patrick.
"No," said her ladyship, shutting her teeth with a snap. "The Person may insult me by addressing a letter to my care. But the Person's name shall not pollute my lips. Not even in your house, Sir Patrick. Not even to please _you._"
Sir Patrick was sufficiently answered. After all that had happened--after her farewell letter to Blanche--here was Miss Silvester writing to Blanche's husband, of her own accord! It was unaccountable, to say the least of it. He took the letter back, and looked at it again. Lady Lundie's steward was a methodical man. He had indorsed each letter received at Windygates with the date of its delivery. The letter addressed to Arnold had been delivered on Monday, the seventh of September--on Arnold's wedding day.
What did it mean?
It was pure waste of time to inquire. Sir Patrick rose to lock the letter up in one of the drawers of the writing-table behind him. Lady Lundie interfered (in the interest of morality).
"Don't you consider it your duty to open that letter?"
"My dear lady! what can you possibly be thinking of?"
The most virtuous of living women had her answer ready on the spot.
"I am thinking," said Lady Lundie, "of Arnold's moral welfare."
Sir Patrick smiled. On the long list of those respectable disguises under which we assert our own importance, or gratify our own love of meddling in our neighbor's affairs, a moral regard for the welfare of others figures in the foremost place, and stands deservedly as number one.
"We shall probably hear from Arnold in a day or two," said Sir Patrick, locking the letter up in the drawer. "He shall have it as soon as I know where to send it to him."
The next morning brought news of the bride and bridegroom.
They reported themselves to be too supremely happy to care where they lived, so long as they lived together. Every question but the question of Love was left in the competent hands of their courier. This sensible and trust-worthy man had decided that Paris was not to be thought of as a place of residence by any sane human being in the month of September. He had arranged that they were to leave for Baden--on their way to Switzerland--on the tenth. Letters were accordingly to be addressed to that place, until further notice. If the courier liked Baden, they would probably stay there for some time. If the courier took a fancy for the mountains, they would in that case go on to Switzerland. In the mean while nothing mattered to Arnold but Blanche--and nothing mattered to Blanche but Arnold.
Sir Patrick re-directed Anne Silvester's letter to Arnold, at the Poste Restante, Baden. A second letter, which had arrived that morning (addressed to Arnold in a legal handwriting, and bearing the post-mark of Edinburgh), was forwarded in the same way, and at the same time.
Two days later Ham Farm was deserted by the guests. Lady Lundie had gone back to Windygates. The rest had separated in their different directions. Sir Patrick, who also contemplated returning to Scotland, remained behind for a week--a solitary prisoner in his own country house. Accumulated arrears of business, with which it was impossible for his steward to deal single-handed, obliged him to remain at his estates in Kent for that time. To a man without a taste for partridge-shooting the ordeal was a trying one. Sir Patrick got through the day with the help of his business and his books. In the evening the rector of a neighboring parish drove over to dinner, and engaged his host at the noble but obsolete game of Piquet. They arranged to meet at each other's houses on alternate days. The rector was an admirable player; and Sir Patrick, though a born Presbyterian, blessed the Church of England from the bottom of his heart.
Three more days passed. Business at Ham Farm began to draw to an end. The time for Sir Patrick's journey to Scotland came nearer. The two partners at Piquet agreed to meet for a final game, on the next night, at the rector's house. But (let us take comfort in remembering it) our superiors in Church and State are as completely at the mercy of circumstances as the humblest and the poorest of us. That last game of Piquet between the baronet and the parson was never to be played.
On the afternoon of the fourth day Sir Patrick came in from a drive, and found a letter from Arnold waiting for him, which had been delivered by the second post.
Judged by externals only, it was a letter of an unusually perplexing--possibly also of an unusually interesting--kind. Arnold was one of the last persons in the world whom any of his friends would have suspected of being a lengthy correspondent. Here, nevertheless, was a letter from him, of three times the customary bulk and weight--and, apparently, of more than common importance, in the matter of news, besides. At the top the envelope was marked "_Immediate._." And at one side (also underlined) was the ominous word, "_Private._."
"Nothing wrong, I hope?" thought Sir Patrick.
He opened the envelope.
Two inclosures fell out on the table. He looked at them for a moment. They were the two letters which he had forwarded to Baden. The third letter remaining in his hand and occupying a double sheet, was from Arnold himself. Sir Patrick read Arnold's letter first. It was dated "Baden," and it began as follows:
"My Dear Sir Patrick,--Don't be alarmed, if you can possibly help it. I am in a terrible mess."
Sir Patrick looked up for a moment from the letter. Given a young man who dates from "Baden," and declares himself to be in "a terrible mess," as representing the circumstances of the case--what is the interpretation to be placed on them? Sir Patrick drew the inevitable conclusion. Arnold had been gambling.
He shook his head, and went on with the letter.
"I must say, dreadful as it is, that I am not to blame--nor she either, poor thing."
Sir Patrick paused again. "She?" Blanche had apparently been gambling too? Nothing was wanting to complete the picture but an announcement in the next sentence, presenting the courier as carried away, in his turn, by the insatiate passion for play. Sir Patrick resumed:
"You can not, I am sure, expect _me_ to have known the law. And as for poor Miss Silvester--"
"Miss Silvester?" What had Miss Silvester to do with it? And what could be the meaning of the reference to "the law?"
Sir Patrick had re ad the letter, thus far, standing up. A vague distrust stole over him at the appearance of Miss Silvester's name in connection with the lines which had preceded it. He felt nothing approaching to a clear prevision of what was to come. Some indescribable influence was at work in him, which shook his nerves, and made him feel the infirmities of his age (as it seemed) on a sudden. It went no further than that. He was obliged to sit down: he was obliged to wait a moment before he went on.
The letter proceeded, in these words:
"And, as for poor Miss Silvester, though she felt, as she reminds me, some misgivings--still, she never could have foreseen, being no lawyer either, how it was to end. I hardly know the best way to break it to you. I can't, and won't, believe it myself. But even if it should be true, I am quite sure you will find a way out of it for us. I will stick at nothing, and Miss Silvester (as you will see by her letter) will stick at nothing either, to set things right. Of course, I have not said one word to my darling Blanche, who is quite happy, and suspects nothing. All this, dear Sir Patrick, is very badly written, I am afraid, but it is meant to prepare you, and to put the best side on matters at starting. However, the truth must be told--and shame on the Scotch law is what _I_ say. This it is, in short: Geoffrey Delamayn is even a greater scoundrel than you think him; and I bitterly repent (as things have turned out) having held my tongue that night when you and I had our private talk at Ham Farm. You will think I am mixing two things up together. But I am not. Please to keep this about Geoffrey in your mind, and piece it together with what I have next to say. The worst is still to come. Miss Silvester's letter (inclosed) tells me this terrible thing. You must know that I went to her privately, as Geoffrey's messenger, on the day of the lawn-party at Windygates. Well--how it could have happened, Heaven only knows--but there is reason to fear that I married her, without being aware of it myself, in August last, at the Craig Fernie inn."
The letter dropped from Sir Patrick's hand. He sank back in the chair, stunned for the moment, under the shock that had fallen on him.
He rallied, and rose bewildered to his feet. He took a turn in the room. He stopped, and summoned his will, and steadied himself by main force. He picked up the letter, and read the last sentence again. His face flushed. He was on the point of yielding himself to a useless out burst of anger against Arnold, when his better sense checked him at the last moment. "One fool in the family is, enough," he said. "_My_ business in this dreadful emergency is to keep my head clear for Blanche's sake."
He waited once more, to make sure of his own composure--and turned again to the letter, to see what the writer had to say for himself, in the way of explanation and excuse.
Arnold had plenty to say--with the drawback of not knowing how to say it. It was hard to decide which quality in his letter was most marked--the total absence of arrangement, or the total absence of reserve. Without beginning, middle, or end, he told the story of his fatal connection with the troubles of Anne Silvester, from the memorable day when Geoffrey Delamayn sent him to Craig Fernie, to the equally memorable night when Sir Patrick had tried vainly to make him open his lips at Ham Farm.
"I own I have behaved like a fool," the letter concluded, "in keeping Geoffrey Delamayn's secret for him--as things have turned out. But how could I tell upon him without compromising Miss Silvester? Read her letter, and you will see what she says, and how generously she releases me. It's no use saying I am sorry I wasn't more cautious. The mischief is done. I'll stick at nothing--as I have said before--to undo it. Only tell me what is the first step I am to take; and, as long as it don't part me from Blanche, rely on my taking it. Waiting to hear from you, I remain, dear Sir Patrick, yours in great perplexity, Arnold Brinkworth."
Sir Patrick folded the letter, and looked at the two inclosures lying on the table. His eye was hard, his brow was frowning, as he put his hand to take up Anne's letter. The letter from Arnold's agent in Edinburgh lay nearer to him. As it happened, he took that first.
It was short enough, and clearly enough written, to invite a reading before he put it down again. The lawyer reported that he had made the necessary inquiries at Glasgow, with this result. Anne had been traced to The Sheep's Head Hotel. She had lain there utterly helpless, from illness, until the beginning of September. She had been advertised, without result, in the Glasgow newspapers. On the 5th of September she had sufficiently recovered to be able to leave the hotel. She had been seen at the railway station on the same day--but from that point all trace of her had been lost once more. The lawyer had accordingly stopped the proceedings, and now waited further instructions from his client.
This letter was not without its effect in encouraging Sir Patrick to suspend the harsh and hasty judgment of Anne, which any man, placed in his present situation, must have been inclined to form. Her illness claimed its small share of sympathy. Her friendless position--so plainly and so sadly revealed by the advertising in the newspapers--pleaded for merciful construction of faults committed, if faults there were. Gravely, but not angrily, Sir Patrick opened her letter--the letter that cast a doubt on his niece's marriage.
Thus Anne Silvester wrote:
"GLASGOW, _September_ 5.
"DEAR MR. BRINKWORTH,--Nearly three weeks since I attempted to write to you from this place. I was seized by sudden illness while I was engaged over my letter; and from that time to this I have laid helpless in bed--very near, as they tell me, to death. I was strong enough to be dressed, and to sit up for a little while yesterday and the day before. To-day, I have made a better advance toward recovery. I can hold my pen and control my thoughts. The first use to which I put this improvement is to write these lines.
"I am going (so far as I know) to surprise--possibly to alarm--you. There is no escaping from it, for you or for me; it must be done.
"Thinking of how best to introduce what I am now obliged to say, I can find no better way than this. I must ask you to take your memory back to a day which we have both bitter reason to regret--the day when Geoffrey Delamayn sent you to see me at the inn at Craig Fernie.
"You may possibly not remember--it unhappily produced no impression on you at the time--that I felt, and expressed, more than once on that occasion, a very great dislike to your passing me off on the people of the inn as your wife. It was necessary to my being permitted to remain at Craig Fernie that you should do so. I knew this; but still I shrank from it. It was impossible for me to contradict you, without involving you in the painful consequences, and running the risk of making a scandal which might find its way to Blanche's ears. I knew this also; but still my conscience reproached me. It was a vague feeling. I was quite unaware of the actual danger in which you were placing yourself, or I would have spoken out, no matter what came of it. I had what is called a presentiment that you were not acting discreetly--nothing more. As I love and honor my mother's memory--as I trust in the mercy of God--this is the truth.
"You left the inn the next morning, and we have not met since.
"A few days after you went away my anxieties grew more than I could bear alone. I went secretly to Windygates, and had an interview with Blanche.
"She was absent for a few minutes from the room in which we had met. In that interval I saw Geoffrey Delamayn for the first time since I had left him at Lady Lundie's lawn-party. He treated me as if I was a stranger. He told me that he had found out all that had passed between us at the inn. He said he had taken a lawyer's opinion. Oh, Mr. Brinkworth! how can I break it to you? how can I write the words which repeat what he said to me next? It must be done. Cruel as it is, it must be done. He refused to my face to marr y me. He said I was married already. He said I was your wife.
"Now you know why I have referred you to what I felt (and confessed to feeling) when we were together at Craig Fernie. If you think hard thoughts, and say hard words of me, I can claim no right to blame you. I am innocent--and yet it is my fault.
"My head swims, and the foolish tears are rising in spite of me. I must leave off, and rest a little.
"I have been sitting at the window, and watching the people in the street as they go by. They are all strangers. But, somehow, the sight of them seems to rest my mind. The hum of the great city gives me heart, and helps me to go on.
"I can not trust myself to write of the man who has betrayed us both. Disgraced and broken as I am, there is something still left in me which lifts me above _him._ If he came repentant, at this moment, and offered me all that rank and wealth and worldly consideration can give, I would rather be what I am now than be his wife.
"Let me speak of you; and (for Blanche's sake) let me speak of myself.
"I ought, no doubt, to have waited to see you at Windygates, and to have told you at once of what had happened. But I was weak and ill and the shock of hearing what I heard fell so heavily on me that I fainted. After I came to myself I was so horrified, when I thought of you and Blanche that a sort of madness possessed me. I had but one idea--the idea of running away and hiding myself.
"My mind got clearer and quieter on the way to this place; and, arrived here, I did what I hope and believe was the best thing I could do. I consulted two lawyers. They differed in opinion as to whether we were married or not--according to the law which decides on such things in Scotland. The first said Yes. The second said No--but advised me to write immediately and tell you the position in which you stood. I attempted to write the same day, and fell ill as you know.
"Thank God, the delay that has happened is of no consequence. I asked Blanche, at Windygates, when you were to be married--and she told me not until the end of the autumn. It is only the fifth of September now. You have plenty of time before you. For all our sakes, make good use of it.
"What are you to do?
"Go at once to Sir Patrick Lundie, and show him this letter. Follow his advice--no matter how it may affect _me._ I should ill requite your kindness, I should be false indeed to the love I bear to Blanche, if I hesitated to brave any exposure that may now be necessary in your interests and in hers. You have been all that is generous, all that is delicate, all that is kind in this matter. You have kept my disgraceful secret--I am quite sure of it--with the fidelity of an honorable man who has had a woman's reputation placed in his charge. I release you, with my whole heart, dear Mr. Brinkworth, from your pledge. I entreat you, on my knees, to consider yourself free to reveal the truth. I will make any acknowledgment, on my side, that is needful under the circumstances--no matter how public it may be. Release yourself at any price; and then, and not till then, give back your regard to the miserable woman who has laden you with the burden of her sorrow, and darkened your life for a moment with the shadow of her shame.
"Pray don't think there is any painful sacrifice involved in this. The quieting of my own mind is involved in it--and that is all.
"What has life left for _me?_ Nothing but the barren necessity of living. When I think of the future now, my mind passes over the years that may be left to me in this world. Sometimes I dare to hope that the Divine Mercy of Christ--which once pleaded on earth for a woman like me--may plead, when death has taken me, for my spirit in Heaven. Sometimes I dare to hope that I may see my mother, and Blanche's mother, in the better world. Their hearts were bound together as the hearts of sisters while they were here; and they left to their children the legacy of their love. Oh, help me to say, if we meet again, that not in vain I promised to be a sister to Blanche! The debt I owe to her is the hereditary debt of my mother's gratitude. And what am I now? An obstacle in the way of the happiness of her life. Sacrifice me to that happiness, for God's sake! It is the one thing I have left to live for. Again and again I say it--I care nothing for myself. I have no right to be considered; I have no wish to be considered. Tell the whole truth about me, and call me to bear witness to it as publicly as you please!
"I have waited a little, once more, trying to think, before I close my letter, what there may be still left to write.
"I can not think of any thing left but the duty of informing you how you may find me. if you wish to write--or if it is thought necessary that we should meet again.
"One word before I tell you this.
"It is impossible for me to guess what you will do, or what you will be advised to do by others, when you get my letter. I don't even know that you may not already have heard of what your position is from Geoffrey Delamayn himself. In this event, or in the event of your thinking it desirable to take Blanche into your confidence, I venture to suggest that you should appoint some person whom you can trust to see me on your behalf--or, if you can not do this that you should see me in the presence of a third person. The man who has not hesitated to betray us both, will not hesitate to misrepresent us in the vilest way, if he can do it in the future. For your own sake, let us be careful to give lying tongues no opportunity of assailing your place in Blanche's estimation. Don't act so as to risk putting yourself in a false position _again!_ Don't let it be possible that a feeling unworthy of her should be roused in the loving and generous nature of your future wife!
"This written, I may now tell you how to communicate with me after I have left this place.
"You will find on the slip of paper inclosed the name and address of the second of the two lawyers whom I consulted in Glasgow. It is arranged between us that I am to inform him, by letter, of the next place to which I remove, and that he is to communicate the information either to you or to Sir Patrick Lundie, on your applying for it personally or by writing. I don't yet know myself where I may find refuge. Nothing is certain but that I can not, in my present state of weakness, travel far.
"If you wonder why I move at all until I am stronger, I can only give a reason which may appear fanciful and overstrained.
"I have been informed that I was advertised in the Glasgow newspapers during the time when I lay at this hotel, a stranger at the point of death. Trouble has perhaps made me morbidly suspicious. I am afraid of what may happen if I stay here, after my place of residence has been made publicly known. So, as soon as I can move, I go away in secret. It will be enough for me, if I can find rest and peace in some quiet place, in the country round Glasgow. You need feel no anxiety about my means of living. I have money enough for all that I need--and, if I get well again, I know how to earn my bread.
"I send no message to Blanche--I dare not till this is over. Wait till she is your happy wife; and then give her a kiss, and say it comes from Anne.
"Try and forgive me, dear Mr. Brinkworth. I have said all. Yours gratefully,
Sir Patrick put the letter down with unfeigned respect for the woman who had written it.
Something of the personal influence which Anne exercised more or less over all the men with whom she came in contact seemed to communicate itself to the old lawyer through the medium of her letter. His thoughts perversely wandered away from the serious and pressing question of his niece's position into a region of purely speculative inquiry relating to Anne. What infatuation (he asked himself) had placed that noble creature at the mercy of such a man as Geoffrey Delamayn?
We have all, at one time or another in our lives, been perplexed as Sir Patrick was perplexed now.
If we know any thing by experience, we know that women cast themselves away impulsively on unworthy men, and that men ruin themselves headlong for unworthy w omen. We have the institution of Divorce actually among us, existing mainly because the two sexes are perpetually placing themselves in these anomalous relations toward each other. And yet, at every fresh instance which comes before us, we persist in being astonished to find that the man and the woman have not chosen each other on rational and producible grounds! We expect human passion to act on logical principles; and human fallibility--with love for its guide--to be above all danger of making a mistake! Ask the wisest among Anne Silvester's sex what they saw to rationally justify them in choosing the men to whom they have given their hearts and their lives, and you will be putting a question to those wise women which they never once thought of putting to themselves. Nay, more still. Look into your own experience, and say frankly, Could you justify your own excellent choice at the time when you irrevocably made it? Could you have put your reasons on paper when you first owned to yourself that you loved him? And would the reasons have borne critical inspection if you had?
Sir Patrick gave it up in despair. The interests of his niece were at stake. He wisely determined to rouse his mind by occupying himself with the practical necessities of the moment. It was essential to send an apology to the rector, in the first place, so as to leave the evening at his disposal for considering what preliminary course of conduct he should advise Arnold to pursue.
After writing a few lines of apology to his partner at Piquet--assigning family business as the excuse for breaking his engagement--Sir Patrick rang the bell. The faithful Duncan appeared, and saw at once in his master s face that something had happened.
"Send a man with this to the Rectory," said Sir Patrick. "I can't dine out to-day. I must have a chop at home."
"I am afraid, Sir Patrick--if I may be excused for remarking it--you have had some bad news?"
"The worst possible news, Duncan. I can't tell you about it now. Wait within hearing of the bell. In the mean time let nobody interrupt me. If the steward himself comes I can't see him."
After thinking it over carefully, Sir Patrick decided that there was no alternative but to send a message to Arnold and Blanche, summoning them back to England in the first place. The necessity of questioning Arnold, in the minutest detail, as to every thing that had happened between Anne Silvester and himself at the Craig Fernie inn, was the first and foremost necessity of the case.
At the same time it appeared to be desirable, for Blanche's sake, to keep her in ignorance, for the present at least, of what had happened. Sir Patrick met this difficulty with characteristic ingenuity and readiness of resource.
He wrote a telegram to Arnold, expressed in the following terms:
"Your letter and inclosures received. Return to Ham Farm as soon as you conveniently can. Keep the thing still a secret from Blanche. Tell her, as the reason for coming back, that the lost trace of Anne Silvester has been recovered, and that there may be reasons for her returning to England before any thing further can be done."
Duncan having been dispatched to the station with this message, Duncan's master proceeded to calculate the question of time.
Arnold would in all probability receive the telegram at Baden, on the next day, September the seventeenth. In three days more he and Blanche might be expected to reach Ham Farm. During the interval thus placed at his disposal Sir Patrick would have ample time in which to recover himself, and to see his way to acting for the best in the alarming emergency that now confronted him.
On the nineteenth Sir Patrick received a telegram informing him that he might expect to see the young couple late in the evening on the twentieth.
Late in the evening the sound of carriage-wheels was audible on the drive; and Sir Patrick, opening the door of his room, heard the familiar voices in the hall.
"Well!" cried Blanche, catching sight of him at the door, "is Anne found?"
"Not just yet, my dear."
"Is there news of her?"
"Am I in time to be of use?"
"In excellent time. You shall hear all about it to-morrow. Go and take off your traveling-things, and come down again to supper as soon as you can."
Blanche kissed him, and went on up stairs. She had, as her uncle thought in the glimpse he had caught of her, been improved by her marriage. It had quieted and steadied her. There were graces in her look and manner which Sir Patrick had not noticed before. Arnold, on his side, appeared to less advantage. He was restless and anxious; his position with Miss Silvester seemed to be preying on his mind. As soon as his young wife's back was turned, he appealed to Sir Patrick in an eager whisper.
"I hardly dare ask you what I have got it on my mind to say," he began. "I must bear it if you are angry with me, Sir Patrick. But--only tell me one thing. Is there a way out of it for us? Have you thought of that?"
"I can not trust myself to speak of it clearly and composedly to-night," said Sir Patrick. "Be satisfied if I tell you that I have thought it all out--and wait for the rest till to-morrow."
Other persons concerned in the coming drama had had past difficulties to think out, and future movements to consider, during the interval occupied by Arnold and Blanche on their return journey to England. Between the seventeenth and the twentieth of September Geoffrey Delamayn had left Swanhaven, on the way to his new training quarters in the neighborhood in which the Foot-Race at Fulham was to be run. Between the same dates, also, Captain Newenden had taken the opportunity, while passing through London on his way south, to consult his solicitors. The object of the conference was to find means of discovering an anonymous letter-writer in Scotland, who had presumed to cause serious annoyance to Mrs. Glenarm.
Thus, by ones and twos, converging from widely distant quarters, they were now beginning to draw together, in the near neighborhood of the great city which was soon destined to assemble them all, for the first and the last time in this world, face to face. | <urn:uuid:9ebbeae5-91ef-4a31-8267-b90f4e24d65e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://literature.org/authors/collins-wilkie/man-and-wife/chapter-36.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00204-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985721 | 6,907 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Prairies, are the grasslands of North America. They are located in central part of the North America. ‘Prairie’ is a French word which means a meadow or a grassland. They are vast, flat and treeless areas located away from the oceans. Prairies are watered by two great rivers-Mississippi and Missouri where a lot of wildlife is found.
These grasslands are located in the interior of the continent, away from the ocean. They have an extreme type of climate i.e. hot in summers and cold in winters. This region gets moderate rainfall. There is heavy snowfall in winters. Both summers and winters are severe. Both soil and climate are suitable for growth of grasses.
The prairies were once covered with dense and tall grasses. But today they are the biggest wheat growing areas. Prairies are also called the ‘Wheat basket of the world’. Grasses grow in summers after the rain and becomes dry in winters. The grasses are green in summers, lush green in mid summers and turn grey in winters.
Trees like willow, elder and polar are found on the banks of Mississippi and Missouri. banks of Mississipi and missouri.
Large grazing animals are found in plenty, in these grasslands. Many animals like Bison have become extinct now due to loss of their habitat and over hunting. Deer, bear, dogs, wolves, horses and rabbits are common there.
Domestic animals like goats, sheep, cows, bullocks, horses and donkeys are plenty because of extensive pastures. Birds found in these grasslands are plant and seed eaters. Bustards, falcons, hawks, owls and eagles are the common birds. Rattle snakes and bull snakes are also found in these grasslands. Insects like grasshoppers, leaf hoppers and spiders are very common in these grasslands.
WAY OF LIVING
Earlier, Red Indians lived in the prairie region of North America, Hotentots in South Africa and Kirghiz in Central Asia. These were nomadic tribes. They wandered from one place to another in search of food and water. Cattle grazing was the main occupation.
They lived in tents called Yurts which were made from animal skin. The staple food was milk, milk products and meat. Now, the life in these grasslands has been completely changed. The grasslands have been converted into farmlands. These farms are very huge and are spread over thousands of acres. In each farm, there are small homesteads where the farmer and his family and a few workers stay. Wheat, barley, oats, rye, flax and nutritious grasses are grown on these farms. Farming is done with the help of powerful modern machines. This type of farming is called Mechanised Farming. Wheat is the main crop of the Prairies. This region is also called the “Wheat Basket of the World” or “Wheat Granary of the World”. Wheat is stored in barns called Elevators. Alfaala is a good quality fodder for cattle. Southern prairies are cotton growing regions of USA.
The western part of the prairies is hilly. The soil is, coarse, rough and less fertile. This soil is, coarse, rough and less fertile. This area is, therefore, not suitable for growing crops. Cattle rearing is the main occupation of the people here. The cattle graze in open grasslands are called Ranches. Every ranch has a special place where cattle are dipped in dis infectants to protect them from diseases.
These places are called Vats. Animals are reared for their milk and meat. Modern machines are used for milking cows. Chicago is the main centre for slaughtering animals. Beef is a very important product which is exported to many European countries.
Huge reserves of iron ore, coal and mineral oil are found in prairies. In the velds of South Africa, minerals like gold, diamonds, iron ore and coal are found.
The prairies are highly industrialised. Most of the people lead a luxurious life with modern amenities. People are very hard working. This region is also called the developed region of the world with a very high standard of living. | <urn:uuid:6900d98d-af9e-45aa-8f5c-253e517bdc27> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://educationia.com/prairies-the-grasslands-1310/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.973238 | 905 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Open and generous, Ben Kweller enjoys a wide circle of friends and acquaintances and he thrives on sociability and fellowship. He is adventurous, playful, freedom loving, and always ready for a good time. Kweller rarely allows obstacles or difficulties to keep him down, for no matter how bleak the past or present, Ben always expects a better, brighter future. In fact, he is uncomfortable with his own or other people's problems and emotional pain. Ben Kweller often tries to "cheer up" or offer philosophical advice to those who are hurting, but he unwittingly avoids or ignores the emotions involved.
Friendship means a great deal to Kweller, perhaps even more than love relationships or romance. For Ben Kweller to be happy, his mate must be his best friend and encourage Ben's aspirations and ideals. Ben Kweller also needs a great deal of emotional freedom and mobility.
Ben has strong attachments to his past, the place where he grew up, his heritage and family traditions. In fact, Ben Kweller may be unable to step out of the habits and roles that he learned as a child. Kweller's ties to his mother are very strong and Ben also seeks nurturing and protection from his spouse and other family members.
There is a side to Ben Kweller that loves comfort and the easy life, and unless other factors in his chart indicate strong drive and ambition, Kweller can be lazy and overly permissive with himself. He enjoys being taken care of and pampered, and self-indulgence is always a temptation for Kweller. If Ben's parents made the unfortunate mistake of indulging him too much as a child, this may be a very hard habit to break. Ben Kweller can be so softhearted and affectionate that it is hard to say no to him. Eating too many sweets is a vice Ben is particularly prone to.
He is not afraid to take chances and follow his ambitions with great determination and courage. A bit impatient and quick tempered, Kweller can be uncompromising at times. Ben Kweller also is quite hot-blooded and passionate with a strong desire for marriage.
Kweller instinctively knows his mission in life. He is satisfied knowing inside himself what he can do and he does not feel the need to be dependent on anyone. But Ben Kweller is also sensitive to others' needs and has a strong desire to spend time with his loved ones.
Sensitive and sentimental, Ben Kweller is deeply attached to his family, old friends, familiar places and the past. He is romantic and tender in love relationships, and it is of utmost importance to Kweller to remember birthdays, anniversaries, family rituals and other personally significant days. Ben Kweller seeks caring, emotional support, and security in his love relationships. Ben likes to be needed, as well as to cherish and protect his loved ones, of whom he is somewhat possessive.
Kweller is a very sociable, congenial person and he wilts very quickly without relationships with good friends and people to share good times with. Ben Kweller thoroughly enjoys working with others on group projects or community activities. He is quite happy when he is a part of a club, support group or team of some sort.
Ben Kweller has artistic interests and may be attracted to people who are artists, are connected with artistic endeavors or interested in art. He is very sociable and feel more at home in beautiful surroundings.
Astrological factors in this Astro Profile section:
Moon in Sagittarius
Moon in 4th house
Moon Quincunx Venus
Moon Opposition Sun/Mars
Moon Opposition Sun/MC
Venus in Cancer
Venus in 11th house
Venus Conjunct Sun/N. Node | <urn:uuid:99ac8c4d-2cf5-415a-8c28-762f3cf509cc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://famous-relationships.topsynergy.com/Ben_Kweller/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00323-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977412 | 783 | 1.507813 | 2 |
I am struggling with a area between the curves problem. I need to find the area between y=tanx and y=2sinx over the interval and .
Since the curves cross at 0 and are symmetrical, I'll just go from to 0 and double the answer. So I get
I can't get the interval on the integral to work with a fraction and Latex.
Anyway, that yields:
The answer in the book is , after you multiply by 2 to account for the 2nd half of the interval.
I agree with much of the answer, except that I get , because (positive or negative) is 1/2.
Anything that I could be doing wrong? | <urn:uuid:ff908754-ea75-45f6-a206-5482aeccf628> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mathhelpforum.com/calculus/220384-area-between-curves.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00184-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97031 | 143 | 2.21875 | 2 |
2004 | 365 Pages | ISBN: 073814066X | PDF | 6 Mb
Wireless Communications Standards: A Study of IEEE 802.11?, 802.15?, and 802.16? is one of the latest books in the IEEE Standards Wireless Networks Series, and it is the only book of its kind that covers all of the current 802 wireless standards! Presented in a clear style, by Dr. Todor Cooklev of San Francisco State University, the book is accessible to a wide audience. It is aimed at engineers, computer scientists, managers, and marketing specialists. It can also be used as the primary textbook for a one-semester advanced undergraduate/graduate level course on wireless communication standards, or as a complementary textbook for a course in wireless communications. | <urn:uuid:5652fe93-2f6c-4cd4-90a5-89412b0f0266> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.peckink.com/ebook/60094-wireless-communication-standards-a-study-of-ieee-80211-80215-and-80216.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00246-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.830925 | 156 | 2.140625 | 2 |
It doesn’t take a nutritionist to point out that kids can’t concentrate when hyped up on junk food – but it just might take an investigative documentary to pry the high fructose corn syrup from the lunch lady’s hands. Tired of their kids’ schools serving chicken nuggets and candy bars for lunch, filmmaker Amy Kalafa and health counselor Dr. Susan Rubin talked to school food vendors, teachers, parents and reps from the FDA and USDA. Their documentary Two Angry Moms, now screening in select cities (see the schedule here; it hits Brooklyn next week), shows the detrimental effects of school-sponsored junk food and the positive changes that nutrition-obsessed parents can inspire. Kalafa and Rubin, on a media tear lately, spoke to Babble about their food fight. – Jessica Wakeman
What’s the worst school lunch you saw while making this film?
Rubin: My personal favorite is the Windex-blue slushie. I got that at my daughter’s high school.
Kalafa: Most schools have equally bad horror stories. That’s the thing about this: it cuts across socio-economic classes, across age groups. There’s the same level of school food everywhere in the country. The bigger problem is the American food system. School food is just one piece of that.
What raised your awareness in the first place?
Rubin: Ever since my kids came home from school with candy in their backpacks – from the cafeteria! I was a dentist at the time and I was really very upset that I was paying taxes to this wonderful school system and my kids were eating candy.
What’s wrong with the food?
Kalafa: It’s pre-processed and packaged.
Rubin: It’s not real. We have a government commodity system: chicken nuggets and tater tots. That’s considered a balanced meal. The USDA is not doing a great job. For many schools, the bottom line is money and profit. For every parent I know, the bottom line is their children’s health and well-being.
So what will happen if kids eat a healthier school lunch?
Kalafa: If you ask any teacher in any school system, they will tell you kids’ behavior is so affected by how they eat. Really, when you feed kids whole food, they’re grounded and focused and able to make it through the school day.
What can parents do?
Rubin: What I’ve been recommending to every parent now is to go in and have lunch at your kid’s school. Only then will you know if the food’s edible! I want you to eat the food, smell the food, look at what your kids’ friends are eating, and then you know. It’s not enough to look at a menu once a month.
Lyrically, you’ve always put forth a higher level of intellectual discourse. How do you shift your headspace to write for kids?
I love the challenge of writing. To be honest, I’m better with a directive. Show me a script, where you need music here and it has to generate this mood there, and the lyric needs this topic and I’m stoked. My creative mind responds to this kind of direction. It’s harder to write for myself. I think too hard about what’s worth writing about. There’s so much ego involved. When it comes to something like the Care Bears, I have zero ego. I have confidence in my ability to do the task. And if it needs to be fixed, I have no problem doing that either.
Many kid’s songs tend to be pedantic . . . any favorite kid’s musicians that break the mold?
Michael and I have never been into kid’s music, per se. We have the attitude that we were here first, and you kids are going to have to adapt to our tastes. To me, it all begins and ends with Dan Zanes. He makes great music that we all really enjoy listening to together. And, of course, there’s the Beatles. My kids, especially my daughter, loves the Beatles. Through listening to a wide variety of stuff, she’s developed her own awesome taste in music.
Okay, so what’s Miley Cyrus really like? She actually seems like a positive role model for kids these days.
She really is! First of all, Miley puts out pop music that’s good. Second of all, this girl walks into a room and she’s so self-assured. She acts her age, and she’s not slutty. If it were ten years ago, in the time of Britney Spears and exposed midriffs, I’d be ripping my hair out. I like that she’s not a pushover and she’s modest, but she’s no Pollyanna either. She’s a great person. And, as a mother, I’m thrilled that my daughter has this choice. If it were ten years ago, in the time of Britney Spears and exposed midriffs, I’d be ripping my hair out. That made me mad. The sexualizing of children in general makes me really, really mad.
Do your kids want to be cool musicians like mom and dad, or are they showing signs of leaning toward some polar opposite, like accounting?
If that’s what they wanted to do, they could make music. Sure, it’s an evil business, but what business isn’t evil? Of course if my kids wanted to become famous cardiovascular surgeons or active physicists, I’d prefer that! All I want for my kids is for them to be happy, healthy and exceedingly well adjusted. I want to be like my mother, who was accepting of my choices, for better of worse. She allowed me to fuck up and make weird choices and supported me no matter what. I’m a very lucky person.
Photo by Justine Ungaro | <urn:uuid:55560a81-34e7-424e-bb83-ff0ef4bbf7a6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.babble.com/best-recipes/school-lunch-crusaders-take-on-the-usda-and-the-slushie/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00195-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956213 | 1,287 | 2.21875 | 2 |
What are the major issues facing students in the transition to tertiary study? How should students and universities respond to these?
Education is one of the most important factors in improving people's lives. Most children go through the compulsory primary and secondary education, and many of them then go on to tertiary studies to pursue careers and develop their interest further. Many students who start tertiary studies face issues when going through the transition of high school to tertiary education. These issues are usually related to change and adjustments into tertiary settings. If a student completes their first year without any problems, they have conquered more than half the battle (McMillan 2005:6). First year students are more prone to academic failures (McInnis and James 2001:6) and are more likely to withdraw or defer tertiary studies compared to other students.
According to the findings from a decade of National Studies on first year experience in Australian universities, students face a variety of major issues when transiting into tertiary studies.
It identified the areas of change and uncertainty in the first year, expectations and adjustments to university study, managing commitments, student's perception of teaching and course satisfaction as major issues. (Krause 2005:5). The majority of first year students surveyed for this study felt unprepared for university studies and about a third of the students surveyed felt they were not ready to choose a university course (Krause, 2005:24). This shows that the services provided is insufficient to ease the transition between secondary education and tertiary education. Secondary schools can play an enormous role in guiding and making sure that students are taught the necessary skills required before entering tertiary study. School career councillors can assist students with choosing courses and institution (McMillan 2005:6). Students could attend university open days to enquire about... | <urn:uuid:3958443a-b298-402b-85a3-c239c2ca7869> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.writework.com/essay/major-issues-facing-students-transition-tertiary-study-sho | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00172-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957703 | 364 | 2.34375 | 2 |
The mission of B`Yachad is for each student to develop a strong and positive identity within the framework of Conservative Judaism. Our Jewish Living Classes will provide children with the knowledge and skills necessary to live a Jewish life through spirituality, ritual, customs, Torah, and so much more. To become responsible and responsive Jews within the Synagogue family and the greater Jewish community.
The goals of the school are:
- To create a successful Jewish educational system that depends on a strong partnership between the school and the home.
- To instill Jewish values and the importance of mitzvot; and to foster in students a love of Israel.
- To provide positive experiences nurturing in students a pride in and an understanding of their Jewish heritage in order to become effective Jewish adults. | <urn:uuid:43439170-7f3f-45b6-9b02-11c2b0c70c25> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.templetoratemet.org/religious-school/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.922232 | 161 | 2.125 | 2 |
Communication is the key to collaborative and efficient workflow in any industry. Collaboration is a critical task in healthcare since a single patient is cared for by multiple people including technicians, nurses, physicians, and doctors. Clear, efficient communication is imperative in healthcare because a single error can lead to serious consequences for the patient.
Nurse and Physician Communication
Communication between a nurse and a physician is an extremely important link in the chain of patient care. However, there are still many challenges in this era of technological advancement. The dilemma is aptly summarized by Cassandra Lee Flicek in MEDSURG Nursing:
“The lack of co-educational experiences involving the two professions possibly leads to a lack of understanding of what each profession contributes to the interdisciplinary team, and complicates communication between nurses and physicians.”
Common Challenges in Nurse-Physician Communication
Several factors affect nurse-physical communication. A study by Dr. Jennifer Tjia et al in the Journal of Patient Safety found that the most common impediments to communication between nurses and physicians are:
- Language barriers
- Nurse preparedness
- Logistical problems
- Frustration with a lack of professional respect
- Lack of collaboration and openness
Nurses reported difficulty in understanding physicians due to language difficulties or accents. Jargon is also an issue. These problems prevent effective communication.
Some nurses felt uncomfortable in deciding what to report to the physician and almost 1/3rd of respondents said they were afraid of bothering the physician with their observations. Since nurses spend a lot of time with the patients, their observations are critical to patient care and should be communicated.
Finding a quiet place to communicate without distractions has been proven difficult for 1/3rd of the respondents of the study. Nurses also claimed to not having time to communicate. 1/5th of the respondents claimed they were not able to get in touch with the physician when they needed to.
Lack of Professional Respect
In the study, around 17% of nurse respondents and their answers indicated a perceived lack of respect from physicians. 16% also reported being interrupted before they finish imparting information. Both physicians and nurses are important links in patient care and a breakdown of respect between these two can cause a breakdown of trust which adversely affects patient care.
Lack of Collaboration and Openness
Hucu.ai makes staff communication easy and increases morale.
Impact of Nurse-Physician Communication on Patient Outcomes
The impact of poor communication on organizations around the world is well documented. This study found out that poor communication is one of the main reasons why a project fails one-third of the time and has a major negative impact on project success more than 50% of the time. In a business environment this can be devastating for the profits. In a medical environment, it can cost precious lives. According to a study in The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing both safety and quality of care patients receive depend upon the quality of the practice environment where care is provided. The study also found that 55% of nurses surveyed indicated that physician behavior impacted patient care decisions and that less experienced nurses were affected more than the more experienced ones.
If nurse-physician communication is improved, it can have several benefits. Patient satisfaction also improved as patients see medical staff being competent and professional. This impacts the quality of the patient care. Medical team satisfaction also improves leading to job satisfaction which reduces turnover. All of these factors have an impact on patient care.
Strategies to Improve Nurse-Physician Communication
Improving communication between nurses and physicians has lots of obvious benefits but implementing this change is difficult. According to Patient Safety & Quality Healthcare (PSQH) there are three important tools for improving communication. These are:
- Culture Change
- Structured Communication Tools
- Supportive Technology
PSQH calls this factor as the most fundamental intervention for improving nurse-physician communication. Culture change begins from the top: leaders need to create an environment of open communication by displaying approachable behaviors, setting expectations, and investing in support systems in the organizational structure. If patient families and nurses are both included in bedside rounds, it emphasizes that physicians and nurses are a team and fosters an environment of mutual respect that goes a long way to create a culture of open communication.
Structured Communication Tools
Using a structured communication tool like SBAR can remove any doubt of guesswork from nurse-physician communication. SBAR stands for Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation. It gives a framework that facilitates the easy organization and giving of information between nurses and physicians. By following an established procedure that everyone needs to follow and respect, expectations can be set for communication. Nurses can quickly and effectively prepare for an impromptu conversation with physicians and will be able to communicate important information in an organized method. A structured communication tool can also aid in overcoming some language barriers, when it comes to medical jargon.
Hucu.ai can promote a culture of accountability and boost staff engagement.
Subscribe to our monthly newsletter | <urn:uuid:43c4cf3e-cbd7-48f7-b7c5-66c8d56699ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hucu.ai/improve-nurse-physician-communication/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.954708 | 1,045 | 3.03125 | 3 |
By KIM BELLARD
I was driving home the other day, noticed all the above-ground telephone/power lines, and thought to myself: this is not the 21st century I thought I’d be living in.
When I was growing up, the 21st century was the distant future, the stuff of science fiction. We’d have flying cars, personal robots, interstellar travel, artificial food, and, of course, tricorders. There’d be computers, although not PCs. Still, we’d have been baffled by smartphones, GPS, or the Internet. We’d have been even more flummoxed by women in the workforce or #BlackLivesMatter.
We’re living in the future, but we’re also hanging on to the past, and that applies especially to healthcare. We all poke fun at the persistence of the fax, but I’d also point out that currently our best advice for dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic is pretty much what it was for the 1918 Spanish Flu pandemic: masks and distancing (and we’re facing similar resistance). One would have hoped the 21st century would have found us better equipped.
So I was heartened to read an op-ed in The Washington Post by ReginaDugan, PhD. Dr. Dugan calls for a “Health Age,” akin to how Sputnik set off the Space Age. The pandemic, she says, “is the kind of event that alters the course of history so much that we measure time by it: before the pandemic — and after.”
In a Health Age, she predicts:
We could choose to build a future where no one must wait on an organ donor list. Where the mechanistic underpinnings of mental health are understood and treatable. Where clinical trials happen in months, not years. Where our health span coincides with our life span and we are healthy to our last breath.
Dr. Dugan has no doubt we can build a Health Age; “The question, instead, is whether we will.”
Dr. Dugan head up Wellcome Leap, a non-profit spin-off from Wellcome, a UK-based Trust that spends billions of dollars to help people “explore great ideas,” particularly related to health. Wellcome Leap was originally funded in 2018, but only this past May installed Dr. Dugan as CEO, with the charge to “undertake bold, unconventional programmes and fund them at scale.” Dr. Dugan is a former Director of Darpa, so she knows something about funding unconventional ideas.
Leap Board Chair Jay Flatley promised: “Leap will pursue the most challenging projects that would not otherwise be attempted or funded. The unique operating model provides the potential to make impactful, rapid advances on the future of health.”
Now, when I said earlier that our current approach to the pandemic is scarily similar to the response to the 1918 pandemic, that wasn’t being quite fair. We have better testing (although not nearly good enough), more therapeutic options (although none with great results yet), all kinds of personal protective equipment (although still in short supply), and better data (although shamefully inconsistent and delayed). We’re developing vaccines at a record pace, using truly 21st century approaches like mRNA or bioprinting.
The problem is, we knew a pandemic could come, we knew the things that would need to be done to deal with it, and yet we — and the “we” applies globally — fumbled the actions at every step. We imposed lockdowns, but usually too late, and then reopened them too soon.
Our healthcare organizations keep getting overwhelmed with COVID-19 cases, yet, cut off from their non-pandemic revenue sources, are drowning in losses. Due to layoffs, millions have lost their health insurance. People are avoiding care, even for essential needs like heart attacks or premature births.
Our power lines are showing. The the hurricane that is the pandemic is knocking them down at will. We might have some Health Age technologies available but not a Health Age mentality about how, when, and where to use them.
Dr. Dugan thinks she knows what we should be doing:
To build a Health Age, however, we will need to do more. We will need an international coalition of like-minded leaders to shape a unified global effort; we will need to invest at Space Age levels, publicly and privately, to fund research and development. And critically, we’ll need to supplement those approaches with bold, risk-tolerant efforts — something akin to a DARPA, but for global health.
Unfortunately, none of that sounds like anything our current environment supports. The U.S. is vowing to leave the World Health Organization and is buying up the worlds’s supply of Remdesivir, one of the few even moderately effective treatment options. An “international coalition of like-minded leaders” seems hard to come by. Plus, only half of Americans say they’d take a vaccine even when it is here.
If COVID-19 is our Sputnik moment, we’re reacting to it as we did Sputnik, setting off insular Space Races that competed rather than cooperated, focused narrowly on “winning” instead of discovering. We will, indeed, spend trillions on our pandemic responses, but most will be short-term, short-sighted programs that apply band-aids instead of establishing sustainable platforms and approaches. We’re reacting to the present, not reimagining the future.
Darpa’s mission is “to make pivotal investments in breakthrough technologies for national security,” and it “explicitly reaches for transformational change instead of incremental advances.” Her background at Darpa make Dr. Dugan uniquely qualified to bring this attitude to Leap, and to apply it to healthcare.
The hard part is remembering that it is not about winning the current war, or even the next one, but about preparing for the wars we’re not even thinking about yet.
Most of our population are children of the 20th century. Our healthcare system in 2020 may have some snazzier tools, techniques, and technologies than it did in the 20th century, but it is mostly still pretty familiar to us from then. If we truly want a Health Age, we should aspire to develop things that would look familiar to someone from the 22nd century, not the 20th.
Every time I read about the latest finding about our microbiome I think about how little we still know about what drives our health, just as our growing attention to social determinants of health reminds me how we need to drastically rethink what the focus of our “healthcare system” should be.
Not more effective vaccines but the things that make vaccines obsolete. Not better surgical techniques but the things that make surgery unnecessary. Not just better health care but better health that requires less health care. If we’re going to dream, let’s dream big.
That’s the kind of Leap we need.
Kim is a former emarketing exec at a major Blues plan, editor of the late & lamented Tincture.io, and now regular THCB contributor. | <urn:uuid:0d136606-0c2b-48d8-bb2a-d95a49e9e7e7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thehealthcareblog.com/blog/2020/07/28/too-many-small-steps-not-enough-leaps/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.950898 | 1,545 | 2 | 2 |
background foreground in a sentence
1) It is a lens which make a subject stand out from its background and foreground .
2) The defocusing simply softens the background or foreground more than it would be with other lenses.
3) So too, both pictures merge the model with the environment, blurring the distinction between background and foreground .
4) The background and foreground are in a constant state of flux, either fading in or out of view.
background foreground example sentences5) There is also an interface for processing formatting options called IVFormat which generalizes some of the general node and edge format options (background, foreground, font, size, etc).
6) Director Peyton Reed even went through the trouble to shoot scenes in cars like they did in the 60s, with the moving traffic background and still interior foreground .
7) If the terminal supports other escape sequences to set background and foreground, they should be coded as setf and setb, respectively.
8) But you don't have to follow that rule and when you break it, it throws the background or foreground into an even softer or dreamier state.
9) Without giving away anything, the characters that he provides us in Thirteen Moons are marvelous and provide a rich tapestry....a background and foreground on which the story plays.
10) In the background and foreground, the fire-damaged remnants of a home such as a TV set, fur coats and a stereo system are scattered across the landscape.
11) Audrey Drake of IGN noted that the 3D effect made it difficult to distinguish certain platforms between background and foreground, a complaint shared by Douglas.
12) According to Soar, Eugenides did "both background and foreground in all the necessary detail", seamlessly shifting from past to present.
13) Each pair is used individually on each separate element that adds depth to a scene, like background, foreground and characters, without adjusting for the relation with the other pairs.
14) Peckinpah and his cinematographer, Lucien Ballard, also made use of telephoto lenses, that allowed for objects and people in both the background and foreground to be compressed in perspective.
example sentences with background15) In practice, the lens f-number is usually adjusted until the background or foreground is acceptably blurred, often without direct concern for the DOF.
16) Two or more of da Vinci's students would then paint different parts of the work, dividing it either by background and foreground, or by figures in a multi-figure composition.
17) There's a significant amount of happening in the background and foreground, when truly, all you want to observe may be the food.
18) Again, I'd argue that due to the simpler composition - background, foreground - it's less busy and the effect is more convincing.
19) The slight and subtle variation offered by reversing the colours of background and foreground on 'Laura Ashley's' tiny prints became the leitmotif of a generation.
20) Combining the choice of the right lens, background, foreground, angle, perspective, focal length, aperture, and so on.
21) Stop and look at the whole scene, background and foreground and evaluate each aspect including the light if it's variable
22) Player 2 now takes a picture with this building / object in the frame, but again with something else in the background or foreground, which will be the linking element in the next image.
These examples have been automatically selected and may contain sensitive content that does not reflect the opinions or policies of our website. Please inform us about the inappropriate sentences:
This site is designed to teach you English words in context with collocations with the help of example sentences.
You can easily memorize the word and the meaning of background foreground
and This is a fast way of learning the meaning of background foreground with example sentences.
Always focus on the learning on sentences with background foreground
We believe you will easily learn to write and use the word background foreground in a sentence.
You can practice spelling and usage of the word by getting 10 examples of sentences with background foreground.
20 examples of simple sentences of background foreground. We tried to find and publish the the words with Simple Sentences of background foreground
Compound Sentences with background foreground
Complex Sentences with background foreground
Compound-Complex Sentences with background foreground | <urn:uuid:3f5e68b4-6919-4f71-9ed0-246d4eee5025> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.englishpedia.net/sentences/b/background-foreground-in-a-sentence.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.911141 | 903 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Sarasota County celebrates Historic Preservation Month in May with ‘Preservation Ink’
|Artist Olwen Hughes displays one of her historic drawings.|
SARASOTA COUNTY – Sarasota County will kick-off Historic Preservation Month on May 2 at Historic Spanish Point with an art exhibition by Welsh artist Olwen Hughes.
The exhibition will feature selected works, including Hughes’ latest commission of capturing historic images around Sarasota County. Hughes also completed a series of pen and ink drawings of Historic Spanish Point, which will be displayed.
An accomplished artist, Hughes was born in South Wales, where she launched her prolific art career. Also a teacher, Hughes’ work has been exhibited across the globe. She was honored for her work in 2002 by the Queen of England. Hughes and her husband Geoffrey currently own a home in the Gulf Gate area, where they reside part time.
Sarasota County Historical Resources collects information and artifacts related to the history of the county from pre-historic times to the present. Exhibits featuring historic items can be found in public building throughout the county.
Now, the work of Hughes will join the rest of those important pieces of history.
“Olwen’s work not only reflects the beauty of Sarasota County, but also captures these important structures for future generations,” said Lorrie Muldowney, historical resources manager. “Often, artists are the most important historians because they are able to capture history through the lens of their talent.”
The art exhibition will be shown at Historic Spanish Point, located at 337 N. Tamiami Trail, starting May 2, 5:30 p.m. Hughes, members of the Sarasota County Commission, the county’s Historic Preservation Board, along with other dignitaries, will be on-hand for this wonderful event.
For more information, call the Sarasota County Contact Center at 941-861-5000 or visit www.scgov.net. | <urn:uuid:35d0d9de-1b88-4622-9c91-fded82f98dea> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://don411.com/sarasota-county-will-kick-off-historic-preservation-month-on-may-2-at-historic-spanish-point-with-an-art-exhibition-by-welsh-artist-olwen-hughes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00375-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948192 | 409 | 1.96875 | 2 |
If you’re searching for a option to make your consuming much more environment friendly, or should you don’t have a lot area, then dinette sets may hold the reply for you. Though it has changed many instances in type and size it has all the time remained an important a part of family life. All of the members may very well be seated around the dinette table and have the food served in the kitchen. If in case you have the room, you may want to go a bit of larger than what could be a snug fit for those who normally sit at your dining table sets.
Usually, having armchairs on the eating table creates a more formal look. The very best function of a dinette set is that you don’t require a lot house for it. Any empty area within the kitchen might be used for this purpose. Throughout the Renaissance, in Spain and Italy, rectangular tables had been designed with finish supports braced by stretchers; they typically had an arcade of columns by the center.
Another nice benefit of small table in the kitchen is that they so easily fit into a nook in the kitchen. With a small table where you may all eat collectively within the kitchen, you usually tend to eat collectively without all the formality that comes with the dining room table.
Eating tables, dining sets and some other type of furniture for the room wherein we all gather to eat have change into very fashionable in trendy occasions. There is a reason wooden is the preferred alternative of material for a dining desk and chair set; its naturally beautiful nuances and wide number of options make wood a traditional and sturdy selection.
We now have been relying on rolling butcher blocks, pot racks, and bakers racks to add work and storage space to assist compensate for the lack of countertop area within the kitchen and the lack of surface space on the smaller eating tables. Really, eating room units are the way to go as a result of one could have all the pieces that you want in your dining house. | <urn:uuid:43def8f9-a3c4-49af-96bf-e92d84046cdc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.artelinks.net/2010-styles-of-furnishings.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.961892 | 410 | 1.5 | 2 |
Stop Wasting Time 1
This is the first post in a series that shows how to transform a monthly report from being updated manually to automatically. Along the way, we’ll see how classic Excel features like tables and SUMIFS can help somewhat, and then how modern Excel features like Power Query and the data model can help even more. Each post in the series provides the next step in the automation sequence.
I named this series “Stop Wasting Time” because when we spend more time than is necessary to do a task, we are wasting time. We tend to update our Excel workbooks using manual steps, just like last month. And we feel too busy to learn a more efficient way. So we just keep doing the same manual steps every month. Meanwhile, Excel is just sitting there, waiting to help!
If you like sports, imagine you are the coach and Excel is sitting there on the bench. Excel is like your star player, and you aren’t putting Excel in the game. Excel is sitting on the bench, waiving its arms saying “coach, coach … please put me in the game!”
This series is designed to demonstrate how to get Excel into the game. Throughout the series, we’ll discover Excel knowledge that will help us move our workbooks from manual to automated. After all, if we are busy, we certainly wouldn’t want to spend more time doing something than is needed. So, that is the big picture for the series, and I hope you enjoy it!
Before we get too far, let’s take a look at our sample report. Since I have an accounting background, I’ll illustrate this process with a classic financial statement. However, the steps and process can be applied broadly to many other types of reports.
Here is the report that we’ll improve over the next few posts:
And, here is the source data, which changes every month:
Our goal is to automatically get the new monthly data into the report.
We’ll start off easy, and assume the data is already cleaned up and in Excel. But as the series progresses, I’ll increase the complexity of the illustration so we can learn just how powerful the modern Excel tools are.
Since we are going to show the full progression of this report, from manual to automated, we’ll start by reviewing the manual update process.
All Excel users are on a journey, and we are at different places along the path. But, we all start at the beginning. We all open Excel for the very first time and see the grid. We get in and start playing around and figuring things out. Early on in our journey, we end up doing a lot of things manually. Why? Just because we haven’t learned more efficient options. As we learn more, we are able to automate more. And our journey continues like this … learning and improving as we go.
But, sometimes, we can get to a certain point and feel comfortable enough to stop improving our workbooks. Perhaps we get busy at work and decide the workbooks are good enough. We know enough to update the monthly reports. Even though it takes many manual steps, at least we know how to get them done. Sure, there may be a bunch of manual steps, and sure we may have to work after hours and weekends. But, at least we are able to get them done.
But here’s the thing: we can delegate A LOT of manual tasks to Excel. That is, we can automate a lot of stuff with Excel. I like to think about it like this. At the very beginning of our Excel journey, we do things manually. But our goal is to get to the place where our workbooks are automated. And the thing that moves us from “manual” to “automated” is Excel knowledge. I visualize it like this:
Along our journey of Excel knowledge, we learn lots of cool things that help us work faster. At the beginning of our journey, we may update our report by using Excel like a digital 10-key. Perhaps we’d use formulas like this:
And that approach allows us to finish the report. So, we use it … for a while. Until we discover that each time the data changes, we have to literally rewrite every formula. Trying to figure out a better way, we decide on a different approach. A more efficient approach. One that doesn’t require us to rewrite every formula when the values change. We use direct-cell references, like this:
This is an improvement because as the cell values change, they flow into the report automatically and we don’t have the rewrite formulas.
But, then we discover that this approach is fragile, and breaks easily. For example, our formulas break when the data values occupy different cells, the data is sorted in a different order, or a new account is added. When the formulas break, we have to rewrite them…manually.
So, we set out to improve the workbook with some classic Excel features.
Classic Excel to the Rescue
Our current approach has some issues … basically, changing the sort order breaks the formulas and adding new accounts requires us to rewrite formulas. So, let’s take them one at a time. We’ll address the sort order with SUMIFS and adding new accounts with Tables. Let’s start by converting our ordinary data range to a Table.
When we have a data range that may expand, for example new accounts or transactions being added, it is a good idea to store that data in a Table rather than an ordinary range. Why? Because tables auto-expand to include the new transactions. And we can refer to the data in a table with structured table references rather than A1-style range references.
To convert our ordinary range into a table, start by clicking any cell in the data range, like this:
Then select the Insert > Table command. Excel displays a confirmation dialog. We click OK and our table is created:
Tables have many advantages. One advantage is that they auto-expand. When you type or paste new values immediately under (or right), the table will automatically expand to include it. This means if we enter a new account, for example Payroll Checking which maps to the Cash and Cash Equivalents FS Line, it will be automatically included in the table. But, we need to understand how to reference table ranges in our formulas. So, let’s talk about names.
Tables have names. You can view/set the name with the TableTools > Table Name field. Our table is named Table1, and we can use that name in our formulas to reference the table data. But, we can also reference a single table column by using a structured table reference. To reference a specific column, we use the table’s name and then the column name in [square brackets], like this: Table1[Amount] or Table1[FS Line].
Now, let’s see how we can use SUMIFS to summarize the data in our new table.
SUMIFS is a wonderful function, and it is designed to add up numbers in a column based on matching row labels. The first argument identifies the column of numbers to add, and the remaining arguments come in pairs. Each pair defines a condition. Officially, it looks like this:
=SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria_value1, ...)
But, I’ve come up with a narrative I use to help me remember the arguments. Each bold word in the narrative represents an argument:
“Add up this column of numbers, but only include those rows where this column is equal to this value.”
For example, if we wanted to add up the table’s amount column, but only include those rows where the FS Line column matches our report’s label, we could use something like this:
We fill the formula down to compute the remaining report values:
Same report as before, but this approach is more efficient to update each month because we aren’t rewriting formulas when the sort order changes. Yay!
We started our journey by performing manual updates. To improve our report, we added a table so that as new rows are added to the table they are automatically referenced by the formulas. We then used the SUMIFS function to compute the report values.
We moved the report to the right a bit … from being manually updated to being more automated:
We still have many improvements to make, and we’ll cover them in the upcoming posts in the series … stay tuned!
Excel is not what it used to be.
You need the Excel Proficiency Roadmap now. Includes 6 steps for a successful journey, 3 things to avoid, and weekly Excel tips.
Want to learn Excel?
Access all Undergrad and Masters lessons with a Campus Pass or CPE Pass. Includes on-demand training plus live office hours. | <urn:uuid:f748112b-75b2-4f45-8f15-644cecff3a66> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.excel-university.com/stop-wasting-time-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.908763 | 1,907 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Facilitating Trade between Sri Lanka and India
Irrespective of whether the Indo-Lanka FTA (ILFTA) is going to be extended to a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) or not, one cannot ignore the importance of the Indian market for Sri Lankan exporters. It is indeed a large market with 1.3 billion people and a rising middle-class – those who earn between INR 20,000-INR 100,000 a month has gone up from 25 million in 1996 to over 160 million in 2013. India is expected to outperform China in 2015 and 2016, with growth boosted by policy reforms, rising investments and lower oil prices. Furthermore, a half of India’s population is under the age of 25 years, and with 12 million entering the labour force each year, India is well positioned to reap the benefits of a demographic dividend.
Currently, Sri Lankan exporters have duty free access to the Indian market except for 429 items and products which receive specific concessions (i.e., textiles, garments, tea, pepper, desiccated coconut, bakery shortening). So stipulates the ILFTA. But do we really have easy and free access to the Indian market for our products? Exporters at various forums have highlighted the practical difficulties of trading with India since the ILFTA came into operation in 2000. A recent study by the Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka (IPS) highlights some of these issues and suggests measures that can be undertaken to facilitate bilateral trade.
Trade Facilitation Related Issues Facing Sri Lankan Exporters under the ILFTA
Rejection of products entitled for ILFTA concessions due to ‘unawareness’ of officials was identified to be one of the main issues confronting some exporters. Some officials are not fully aware of certain goods and what category/HS code they should fall under, resulting in exporters having to pay additional duties. There can be a lot of paperwork and red tape in the clearance process which inevitably leads to delays and corruption.
“Although Thick/Thin Pale Crepe (TPC) is a natural form of rubber, the customs officials [Indian] argue that it is a finished product and therefore is not entitled for zero duty under the regulations. They do not accept TPC as a primary form of natural rubber even after the Rubber Research Institute has confirmed so” – Exporter of natural rubber and rubber products
Non-acceptance of Sri Lankan standard certification at the Indian end has led to delays and increased costs. The Sri Lanka Standards Institution (SLSI) has signed a MoU with the Export Inspection Council of India in 2003 whereby, Sri Lanka recognizes Indian quality standard/product certification for over 80 identified items. However, there has been no reciprocal agreement signed to state that India would accept quality standards/products certification issued by Sri Lanka.
Excessive time taken for product testing was identified to be a critical issue facing exporters of perishable goods. With the introduction of new food safety and sanitary regulations by the Food Safety and Security Authority of India (FSSAI), exporters such as that of strawberries have stopped exporting to India. The new regulations imposed by India in 2012 require sampling and testing of food shipments to India. This can take up to 3-4 days and highly perishable food which have a shelf life of below 7 days become inconsumable by the time the shipments are released.
“It takes 5 days to report back on certain food products. The issue is if you take 5 or more days, then the authorities are obliged to provide the exporter with proper freezing facilities. This is sometimes not supplied” – Government officer
Complexity and difficulties in obtaining information on new regulations. Sometimes, the complexity of the information relating to new regulations (i.e., the recent food safety standard regulations) makes it difficult for traders, especially the small and medium enterprises, to comprehend and meet the requirements.
Stringent labeling requirements. Some of the labeling requirements by India are very stringent and there is an information gap with regards to the requirements at that end.
Lack of efficient border controls and coordination among relevant authorities in India,have led to considerable delays. Border control systems are not online, leading to limited information sharing and delays and complications (i.e., different ports demand different sets of documentation). The need to get clearance from multiple controllers at sea as well as land borders was also identified by some exporters to be one of the main hindrances to freer movement of goods.
The absence of a formal body or a help desk to address problems arising when trading under the Agreement is an impediment in using the ILFTA. When problems arise regarding a shipment (i.e., documentation), there is no formal body of authority that can take up complaints and address them quickly.
Fixing the Problems
Challenges faced by Sri Lanka’s exporters to India have not changed drastically over the years and remain more or less the same. Fixing these is far from simple, but the steps that should be undertaken to facilitate trade between the two countries are widely known among stakeholders. It is up to policy makers in both countries to address them in a diligent manner.
Facilitating testing and certification process: When exporting goods, products should conform to standards and regulations set by the importing country or the buyer. However, this becomes a barrier if the process is not facilitated and the testing requirements are not practical, leading to high costs and delays. Mutual Recognition Agreements (MRAs) between India and Sri Lanka can assist in reducing the necessity to carry additional checks at the point of import. Setting up an accredited testing facility from India in Sri Lanka may be an option.
Also, the delays that occur as a result of testing products in locations far from the port can be avoided, if the requisite checks can be carried out at the port of entry and within a specified period of time. This is an essential requirement for perishable items. If the goods could be checked by the authorized designated labs/bodies prior to the shipment would be even more beneficial. The India-Singapore Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (CECA), for example, provides a framework for MRAs which prevent duplication of product testing and certification.
Furthermore, traders need to be better informed of services available to them regarding standards and other regulatory requirements. For example, the SLSI offers all stakeholders access to standards and regulatory information of any other country, technical enquiries on national, foreign and international standards, etc. However, these facilities are not fully utilized by traders.
Streamlining procedures and sharing information: The need to streamline procedures and improve efficiency of the Indian customs was emphasized by many traders to facilitate trade between the two countries. The demand for different documentation and different interpretations of the Agreement at different ports in India has made exporting difficult and confusing. It was mentioned that some traders are not motivated to trade with India because of these hurdles.
Educating traders: Some of the delays and complexities arise due to the laxity and ignorance of traders. For example, textiles shipments are sometimes sent with dangerous cargo. In such cases, containers with dangerous cargo are transferred to a separate warehouse, resulting in longer time to clear the textiles. This is more a responsibility of the loading party as importers have less control over such situations.
Improving private sector consultation and engagement, prior to and during any further negotiations with India to identify practical issues in doing business: Traders highlight that in addition to technically competent government officials, inputs from the private sector are key to negotiations because the trading process is far more complex than that on paper. Stakeholder consultation of those involved in the trading process including logistics companies, ports authority, customs, banks, shippers, traders, chambers and border protection agencies will ensure that every step of the trading process is looked into facilitate the flow of goods between the two countries.
Highlighting businesses that have successfully penetrated the Indian/Sri Lankan markets: While it is possible to identify both Indian and Sri Lankan companies that have successfully penetrated the Sri Lankan and Indian markets, it is important to highlight, draw and share their experiences with the wider trading community in a bid to illustrate successful cases of the ILFTA. Often the most vocal are those that were not successful in making in-roads to the Indian market. It is important to bring out how the barriers could be overcome to improve trade with India in order to reap greater benefit from the Agreement.
Establishing a Help/Information Desk: There is a lack of knowledge of the ILFTA at various stages of the trading process. Establishing an enquiry point will not only address information gaps, but also provide traders additional confidence of knowing that there is a local authority with the necessary contacts to facilitate trade with India. However, those manning such a unit should be trained professionals if they are to effectively assist the trading community. However, till such an enquiry point is set up, it is crucial that exporters bring to notice any complaints they have, in writing, to the Department of Commerce, Sri Lanka.
Incorporating trade facilitation into the ILFTA: Trade facilitation is covered in many of India’s Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreements (CECAs) and Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreements (CEPAs). Although it has been suggested that trade facilitation issues would be addressed in a possible CEPA between India and Sri Lanka, dealing with some of the pressing issues would be an important step, especially in building confidence among traders. It would also help change the negative perceptions attached to trading with India and assist in promoting trade between the two countries. | <urn:uuid:078b3546-28d6-4037-909c-cbfb22dbac3c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ips.lk/talkingeconomics/2015/08/25/facilitating-trade-between-sri-lanka-and-india/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.950424 | 1,967 | 1.976563 | 2 |
East Africa's worst drought in decades has prompted these celebrities to ask for a donation through Twitter and other social media.
A-list stars like Lady GaGa, Justin Bieber, Eminem and Madonna have joined hands to support Save the Children's "I'm Gonna Be Your Friend" campaign. Using their social media power, they aim to raise funds and awareness for the drought, medicine and food crisis in East Africa.
The campaign is kicked off on Tuesday, August 9 with the celebrities taking to their Twitter or Facebook pages to raise awareness. Britney Spears was among the early ones, tweeting "Just got @BobMarley's "High Tide or Low Tide" - proceeds go to children in #EastAfrica. U all can help #beafriend -Brit".
Bob Marley's tune was personally chosen by his family to accompany a Kevin Macdonald-directed short movie about the appalling condition in Africa. The singer's widow Rita said, "Not one child should be denied food nor water. Not one child should suffer. Along with Save the Children, we must stand up together as friends to put a stop to this, to feed our children and to save their lives."
The video would be sold digitally with all proceeds going to Save the Children. The celebrities will continue raising the awareness until they have an audience of 700 million. | <urn:uuid:c60a0c4f-b9a3-4dee-b417-b0b1f16a7619> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aceshowbiz.com/news/view/00042762.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00085-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94561 | 271 | 1.601563 | 2 |
COAT and COLOR
Size, Proportion, Substance
Size--22 to 24 inches for males, 20 to 22 inches for females.
Proportion--Slightly longer than tall, in a ratio of 10 to 9. Height from withers to ground: length from point of shoulder to point of buttocks. The Griffon must not evolve towards a square conformation.
Substance-- medium, reflecting his work as an all-terrain hunting dog.
Head--to be in proportion to the overall dog.
Skull--medium width with equal length from nose to stop and from stop to occiput. The skull is slightly rounded on top, but from the side the muzzle and head are square. The stop and occiput are only slightly pronounced.
Mustache and Eyebrows--abundant and contribute to the friendly expression.
Eyes--large and well open, more rounded than elliptical. They have an alert, friendly, and intelligent expression. Eye color ranges in all shades of yellow and brown. Haws should not show nor should there be protruding eyes.
Ears--medium size, lying flat and close to the head, set high, at the height of the eye line.
Nose-- well opened nostrils are essential. Nose color is always brown. Any other color is a disqualification.
Bite--scissors. Overshot or undershot bite is a serious fault.
Neck-- rather long, slightly arched, no dewlap.
Topline-- The back is strong and firm, descending in a gentle slope from the slightly higher withers to the base of the tail.
Chest--The chest must descend to the level of the elbow, with a moderate spring of rib. The chest must neither be too wide nor too narrow, but of medium width to allow freedom of movement. The loin is strong and well developed, being of medium length. The croup and rump are stoutly made with adequate length to favor speed. The tail extends from the back in a continuation of the topline. It may be carried straight or raised slightly. It is docked by one-third to one-half length.
Forequarters--Shoulders are long, with good angulation, and well laid back. The forelegs are straight and vertical from the front and set well under the shoulder from the side. Pasterns are slightly sloping. Dewclaws should be removed. Feet are round, firm, with tightly closed webbed toes. Pads are thick.
Hindquarters--The thighs are long and well muscled. Angulation in balance with the front. The legs are vertical with the hocks turning neither in nor out. The stifle and hock joints are strong and well angulated. Feet as in front.
The COAT is one of the distinguishing features of the breed. It is a double coat. Coat is hard and coarse, never curly or woolly, with a thick undercoat of fine hair, giving an unkempt appearance. The outer coat is medium length, straight and wiry, never curly or woolly. The harsh texture provides protection in rough cover. The obligatory undercoat consists of fine hair, which provides insulation as well as water resistance.
The head is furnished with a prominent mustache and eyebrows. These required features are extensions of the undercoat, which gives the Griffon a somewhat untidy appearance. The hair covering the ears is fairly short and soft, mixed with longer harsh hair from the coat. The overall feel is much less wiry than the body.
The legs, both front and rear, are covered with denser, shorter, and less coarse hair. The coat on the tail is the same as the body; any type of plume is prohibited. The breed should be exhibited in full body coat, not stripped short in pattern. Trimming and stripping are only allowed around the ears, top of head, cheeks and feet.
Color--Preferably steel gray with brown markings, frequently chestnut brown, or roan, white and brown; white and orange also acceptable. A uniformly brown coat, all white coat, or white and orange are less desirable. A black coat disqualifies.
Although close working, the Griffon should cover ground in an efficient, tireless manner. Movement should show an easy catlike gracefulness. The Wirehaired Pointing Griffon (WPG) is a medium-speed dog with perfect coordination between front and rear legs. At a trot, both front and rear legs tend to converge toward the center line of gravity. The WPG shows good extension both front and rear. Viewed from the side, the topline is firm and parallel to the line of motion. A smooth, powerful ground-covering ability can be seen.
The WPG is outgoing, shows a tremendous willingness to please and is trustworthy. Their easy trainability, devotion to family, and friendly temperament endear him to all.
They make an excellent family dog as well as a meticulous hunting companion. The WPG excels equally as a pointer in the field and as a retriever in the water. They were bred to cover all terrain encountered by the walking hunter.
The nickname of "supreme gundog" is well earned.
Nose any color other than brown. | <urn:uuid:884a3194-0c47-44b4-bc09-2b857bbdd7b5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.marshoykennel.com/breed_standard.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00133-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93944 | 1,098 | 2.453125 | 2 |
I’d like to tell you a little story about data migration. No – wait a minute! Don’t roll your eyes and go away! It’s short, I promise.
A customer once asked me what we librarians do all day. I told him that, among other things, librarians organize and collect information that the public finds useful, keep collections up to date and accessible, and help customers navigate those collections. You can help me fill in the list of the abundance of other things that make our role in society invaluable. The following is an example of the things I just listed.
The Music Department houses a special collection that we call the Oral History of Music in Pittsburgh (OHMP). The OHMP contains over 300 interviews with Pittsburghers involved in all types of musical activities, from all types of genres: Pittsburgh Symphony instrumentalists, music educators, jazz musicians, music reporters, historians, folk musicians, DJs, you name it. The interviewer in all but a few sessions is a gentleman by the name of Maurice Levy – a dedicated volunteer, Friend of the Music Library, and retired math teacher.
Maurice initially recorded the interviews on cassette tape and made a list of the topics that were covered. Starting in the late 1990s, we burned CDs from each tape (first instance of data migration!). We put all interview information, including topics, into a database at a “stand-alone” computer (a computer not hooked up to a network) so customers could search for specific interviews (data migration again!). In 2005 (or thereabouts) I asked my boss if the info on the stand-alone had ever been backed up. The answer was that it had not. I used a floppy disc (remember those?) to back it up. Less than a week later, the computer completely died (see where the deus ex machina comes into my little story?). I converted the data from the floppy, which was organized with software called “File Maker Pro” into a Microsoft Excel file (YES! DATA MIGRATION!). Then I copied and converted the information into a HTML marked up version (you guessed it!) and put it on the internet.
We are now looking into putting all of the interviews online, so customers can listen to them streaming. This will enable the interviews to be saved to our server as well. We will also copy them onto an external hard drive.
This is what I do all day. | <urn:uuid:d3ae7bad-4e7f-4938-a175-a6cdbb671cf6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://eleventhstack.wordpress.com/2012/12/13/deus-ex-machina/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00089-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950987 | 505 | 1.9375 | 2 |
ST. FRANCISVILLE — The West Feliciana Parish School Board voted unanimously Tuesday to approve an agreement with Educational Testing Service for the school system to fund a testing program that allows students to earn college credit.
Information System Analyst Steve Comfort recommended the board approve the arrangement with New Jersey-based ETS, which will cost roughly $80 per test for a minimum of 50 students for an initial cost of $4,000.
Students need to score 50 percent or better to receive college credit, and he said the tests are worth an additional 50 points toward accountability scores.
“It could make a big difference in school performance scores and could help the parents,” Comfort said. “There’s three ways for students to get advance placement for college classes — dual enrollment, Advanced Placement or (College Level Examination Program). How much would you pay to get an extra 50 points for a student?”
The first class to offer this testing will be honors civics. Comfort said that with a minimum of 50 students, West Feliciana will become an official testing site. He said most colleges and universities will recognize the CLEP test like they do Advanced Placement credits.
“I want those extra points,” Comfort said. “You’re worried about money; I want those points. It will help us on the accountability scores, and $80 is cheap for three hours of credit.”
The meeting marked the return of Superintendent Hollis Milton, who had a heart attack on Oct. 23. Milton, 42, said his doctors have told him he should have a complete recovery. | <urn:uuid:be0d933e-6e89-4724-9cbc-003e0407abb2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/news/communities/west_feliciana/article_b7174e41-80cb-5388-988b-a7d47ea274c3.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00446-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952469 | 333 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Performance Of Economic Growth In Nigeria (1970 – 2000) – Impact Of Oil Industry
Economic Growth In Nigeria – Impact Of Oil Industry
Economy is the backbone of any nation. Nigeria, like other developing countries of the world is paying more attention on how to accelerate the rate of her development through the various sectors of the economy. To place an order for the Complete Project Material, pay N5,000 to Then text the name of the Project topic, email address and your names to 08060565721.
Account Name – Chudi-Oji Chukwuka
Account No – 0044157183
To place an order for the Complete Project Material, pay N5,000 to
Then text the name of the Project topic, email address and your names to 08060565721.Oil, a very versatile and flexible, non-reproductive, depleting, natural (hydrocarbon) resource is a fundamental input to mordern economic activities, providing about 50% of the total energy demand in the world, excluding the former centrally planned economics.
Oil-exporting countries of the developing world depend heavily on oil revenue for foreign exchange earnings and for the government budget, in most cases, reaching 90% or above.
Petroleum or crude oil is an oily, bituminous liquid, consisting of a mixture of many substances mainly the elements of carbon and hydrogen, and thus known as hydrocarbon. It also contains a very small amount of non-hydrocarbon elements, chief amongst which are sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen.
The petroleum industry covers the exploration and production of crude oil as well as petroleum refining, marketing and servicing. Specific policy objective with respect to petroleum and mining can be summed up as follows:
Active government participation in mining operations, diversifications of mineral products, the organization and regulation of the development of mineral reserves so as to optimize their contributions to the overall national development effort; the conservation of the countries mineral resources, research into efficient extraction methods and wider application and use of mineral manpower development and accelerated transfer of technology, achievement of internal self sufficiency in the supply and effective distribution of petrol-industry products, commercialization of gas, and the control of the environmental problems of oil production.
Though oil did not assume its present significant position in the national economy until the early 1970’s, it is not a novel revelation that it has since become the mainstay of contemporary Nigeria’s economy. Petroleum either as petrol , diesel, fuel oil , lubricant or petrochemical makes Nigeria economic wheel go round.
Petroleum has transformed poor nations into rich ones, deserts into watersheds and bankrupts nations into creditors.
Specifically, with regards to Nigeria, there is no gain saying that oil sector has undergone tremendous transformation over the years.
The industry has emerged from being the merely “supportive” economic sector it was in the 60s to the predominant source of foreign exchange and development finance and a most viable access to international investment opportunities in the 1980’s and 1990’s. No other resource in
Nigeria has played such a towering role over the national economy as crude oil. The government of Nigeria has used the revenue derived from oil through tax and royalties to carry out development projects in the country.
This study, therefore, aims to illustrate clearly the impact of the oil industry on economic growth performance in Nigeria.
Since its discovery, petroleum has impacted so much on Nigeria economy, these impacts are both positive and negative. Some scholars have advocated for the shifting of emphasis from oil industry to other sectors owing to their belief in the negative fallouts of the oil industry. Some others opined that the sector should be promoted and developed for its benefits.
These opposing views have created the problem of acceptance or otherwise of the oil industry in Nigeria.
All these and many more questions pose contradiction, hence; the need to investigate on this all-important topic. You have to show enough cause why you have decided to go into this research work.
In view of the controversy with respect to the relative contribution of the oil sector of the Nigeria sector as compared with the other sectors, it is imperative to establish empirically the relative impact of the oil industry in the Nigeria economy.
With the development of petroleum in the Nigerian economy, there has arisen a growing interest and concern towards its contributions to the economic development. By the end of the research the study aims at achieving the following objectives:
To find out the impact of oil sector (oil revenue) on gross domestic product (GDP)
To determine the relative impact of the industry vis-à-vis the agricultural and manufacturing sectors.
To analyze the extent of environmental hazards caused by oil industry.
To make recommendations based on the findings.
The study will be beneficial to the following :-
It will be relevant to oil companies operating in Nigeria in many of their operational and investment decisions.
It will equally, serve as source of information for policy makers and stakeholders in the industry
It will also, guide the government and its agencies in regulating the industry.
The study will, as well, be helpful to the general public and any one who might be interested in the oil sector.
The study will add more literature to the existing ones on this topic, hence; future researchers will benefit immensely from the work.
Based on the objectives of the study, the researcher has formulated the following hypothesis to guide this study:
Ho:b1=0 The output of the oil in industry has not significantly affected Nigeria’s economic growth.
H1:b10 The output of oil industry has significantly affected Nigeria’s economic growth.
This research work is an investigation into the impact of the oil industry on economic growth performance in Nigeria for the period of 1970-2000, specifically, a period of thirty-one years.
In carrying out this research work, the researcher encountered some difficulties. The first of such constraints or difficulties concerns data. There was the problem of data inconsistency as data collected from different sources on one variable showed some discrepancy. Also was the reluctance of some librarians to make data available.
Apart from the above-mentioned constraints, which are capable of adversely affecting the accuracy of the results of this research work, all other errors and omissions are entirely those of the researcher.
Obadan (1987) defined petroleum as a mixture of hydro carbon oils obtained below the surface. He opined that oils in Nigeria, generally occurs at depths below 1,500 meters.
According to him, it is the raw material around which a chain of commercial activities known as the petroleum industry revolves. It is a major source of energy in the world marketed today and has infact, become the bedrock of man’s progress and civilization.
Obadan further stressed that petroleum is the raw materials for a wide range of chemicals for the production of pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, fibers, for the manufacture of textiles and numerous other products essential for human existence.
More so, he added that petroleum jelly for the body, candles for lightning and bitumen for tarring roads are some of the many by-products of petroleum.
The bulk of Nigeria’s reserves occurs between two thousand and three thousand meters (i.e. 1.25 to 2 miles) depth. Oil is usually found associated with gas and water in the pore spaces between the grains of sand and make up the oil bearing rock body (reservoir), it is usually found in areas where thick columns of sedimentary rocks (about 2000 meters minimum thickness of sands, sand stones, limestone, evaporates and shales) of mostly marine origin occur like in the Niger Delta, Anambra and Chad basins.
However, the Bemue trough and Sokoto Basin are also being investigated for oil:
Speaking on a seminar organized in Delta State University, Iyoha (2000) Stated that the “white products” namely premium motor spirit (P.M.S) , Dual purpose kerosene (D.P.K), Automatic Gas Oil (A.G.O), and Aviation Turbine kerosene(A.T.K) for the bulk of the petroleum products.
The major types of products concerned at depot, according to him are the first three mentioned above.
The other A.T.K is being transported through pipeline from the misimi depot to Murtala Mohamed airport Lagos. Other products include the following:
L.P.G- Liquefied petroleum gas
L.P.F.O –Low pour fuel oil
H.P.F.O – High pour fuel oil
He further suggested that there are others referred to as special product which are not being loaded at the depot, but are still petroleum products; such include Boseoil, Bitumen and wax etc. With respect to the uses of the products he outlined that:
P.M.S- Is used as fuel for car.
A.G.O-Is used for fuelling compression, ignition engines, boats, heavy road transport vehicles and small generating plants.
D.P.K – Is used for domestic purposes and aviation uses (aviation fuel).
L.P.G- Is used for cooking and lightning, bitumen for road surfacing.
L.P.F.O and H.P.F.O – are both used f or boilers, heaters and sailing of ships.
Wax – are used for making candles, polishes for wood, leather, linoleum and automobiles.
The development of oil industry in Nigeria began in the first decade of this century. According to Anyanwu (1997), it started with exploration activities by the German bitumen corporation. He stated that, in 1937, an oil prospecting license was granted to shell D’ Archy exploration parties and in 1955, mobile exploration, Nigeria incorporated obtained concession over the whole of the former northern region of the country.
Anyanwu added that this company carried out some geological work, drilled three deep wells in the former western region and abandoned concession in 1961.
However, Anyanwu noted that the first commercial discovery of crude oil in Nigeria was in 1957 by shell. He also added that the company started production in 1958. And that in 1961, the federal government of Nigeria issued ten oil prospecting licenses on the continental shelf to five companies, each license covered an area of 2,560 squares kilometers and was subject to the payment of N1 million with these generous concession, according to him, full scale One-shore and off-shore oil exploration began.Oil was found in commercial quantities at Oloibiri in the Niger Delta (ukwu I. Ukwu 2000).
Further discoveries at Afam and Boma established the country as an oil producing Nation. By April 1967, Oil from Nigeria had reached 2 million Barrels per day.(Anyanwu Etal 1997) p. 32
The first oil well on the Nigeria continental shelf was struck by the Gulf oil company at Okam field, off the coast of Bendel State. (Ukwu 200) p 71. More off-shore well have been drilled by other companies (ELF, Mobile, Agip. Texaco etc) and production rate rose steeply year after year though the global oil glut of the 1980’s steamed the trend.
It is also important to note that because of the need to conserve foreign exchange, create job opportunities to some extent, in addition to other multiplier effects locally, the federal government in 1962 awarded a contract for the construction of a refinery at Alesa-Eleme, Porthar-court ; Rivers State. The refinery was commissioned in 1965 with an initial designed production capacity of 35,000 barrels per day. This volume was considered sufficient to meet domestics consumption of products for many years to come.
However, between 1970 and 1978,the nation experienced an upsurge in demand for petroleum products averaging a yearly increase of 23.4 percent.
Thus, in 1978, the warri refinery was officially opened with a total capacity standing at 100,000 barrels per day.
By 1979, Nigeria’s refinery capacity stood at 160,000 barrels. Continual demand pressure led to the building of a third refinery at Kaduna in 1980 with limited capacity of 100,000 bd with a potential capacity of 260,000 bd.
A fourth refinery has been constructed near Port Harcourt. The federal governments intends to use some of the end products from the refineries as feedstock in its petro chemical projects which are being implemented in 3 phases at Ekpan, Warri, and Kaduna.(Anyanwu etal 1997: p. 101 ).
commenting on opec and Nigeria, Agbejule (1987) noted that Nigeria is the 11th member of the organization of petroleum exporting countries (OPEC). . He stressed that the organization has 13 member countries and its geared towards the development of the economies of its members through effective utilization and control of the petroleum resources of the nations.
As a member of Opec, Nigeria .jointly with other members determines at what minimum price level various member countries should sell their crude oil,
Opec now determines the level of crude oil production for its member countries in order to prevent a collapse in the crude oil price. The price oil is sold for is largely determined by the organization of petroleum exporting countries (OPEC).
On the birth of NNPC, Anyanwu (1997) noted that the presence and activities of the oil companies in Nigeria had led to government involvement in the oil industry as well as the birth of NNPC.
He explained that the role of government in the oil industry as gradually progressed from regulatory to direct involvement in oil exploration. Initially, government interest was only limited to the collection of royalties and other dues offered it from the oil companies and making rudimentary laws to regulate the activities of the oil industry.
This was partly due to the fact that oil was very insignificant to the economy before the late sixties and the relative lack of trained personnel and expertise. (Anyanwu etal 1997 pg 113)
By 1971, a year after the Nigerian civil war, oil had started becoming more important to the economy. To strengthen and establish government control in the industry, therefore, the Nigeria national oil corporation (NNPC) was established by a decree in 1971, as an integrated oil company. (Ukwu I. Ukwu pg 109-150).
It was also in that year that Nigeria joined the organization of petroleum exporting countries (OPEC) as the 11th member country. The NNPC had responsibility for both upstream and downstream activities in the industry.
As a result of all these developments, government had acquired a new stature and so decided on active participation in the industry’s activities. It was believed that if government had more say in the running of the oil industry, it could achieve its goals of rapid industrialization and commercial development.
Consequently, share acquired 33 1/3% equity interest in the Nigeria Agip oil company (NAOC) in 1971 and 35% in EIF. (Nigeria Brief-community issues)
Meanwhile, the then ministry of petroleum resources whose functions were mainly regulatory was also running concurrently with NNOC, It was not until 1st April 1997 that a merger between the NNOC and the ministry of petroleum resources created the Nigeria national petroleum corporation(NNPC) combined the commercial functions of the former NNOC (namely: exploration, production, transportation, processing of oil refining, marketing of crude oil and its refined products with the regulatory functions of the former ministry of petroleum resources.
These regulatory functions were then vested in an independent arm of the NNPC, the petroleum inspectorate; which is today a department in the present ministry of petroleum resources and still performing the same role. (Anyanwu etal 1997 p.56)
The NNPC is also responsible for carrying out research in connection with petroleum or anything derived from it and promoting activities for the purpose of turning to good account, the result of such research.
From CBN statistical bulletin, it was gathered that the petroleum sector contributes significantly to government revenue and Nigeria’s GDP.
It showed that oil revenue rose from N17.070 million in 1961/62 to N 96. 390 million in 1970/71 and to N 4,183.816 million in 1974/75 . In terms of percentage contribution, oil revenue’s share was only 7.46% in 1961/62 and 9.06% in 1965/66.
In 1970/71, it’s share rose to 95.99%, thereafter, oil revenue becomes the most dominant revenue (petroleum profit tax, mining rents and royalties, NNPC earnings etc. (statistical bulletin, No 1, vol 9, 1998).
Thus in 1975, oil revenue as a percentage of total government revenue was 78.70% rising to 82.30% in 1979/80 and 97.24% in 1990. The principal factors that accounted for the dominance of oil revenue particularly in the 1970’s were rapidly rising oil prices and production, increased government participation in oil exploration and changes in fiscal arrangements. By 1974, the federal government had acquired 55% equity participation in all the companies producing crude oil in Nigeria. This was increased to 60% in 1979. The changes includes reductions in 1966 and 1971 in the rate of allowable depreciation of investment , the substitution of posted prices, realized the definition of royalties as cost of production rather than as offsets against profit tax and the rising of tax rate, from 50% in 1975.
All government share of crude oil produced apart from what is processed for domestic consumption is sold by the NNPC and proceeds from it are paid into the federal account.
The NNPC sells to its customers directly as well as to some of its joint venture partners at the official selling price. Government revenue from oil also includes other sources besides direct crude oil sales. Various taxes are levied on oil companies such as the petroleum profit tax, which is about 85% of the taxable oil income, royalties, rents ( being taxes on non-producing concessions and excise duties in refining activities, “the total revenue accruing from the oil sector amounts too about 80% of the Nation’s total export earnings”
( Iyoha, 1999: P 70).
In many ways, oil has been the engine of economic growth in Nigeria. It is quite clear that the nation’s economy is heavily dependent on the oil industry.
Crude petroleum’s GDP rose from N 0.43 billion in 1960-69 to N 12.86 billion in 1995, the highest contribution period being 1975-79 at N 17.91 billion.
Thus, the percentage share of crude petroleum in Nigeria’s GDP rose from 1.6% in 1960 to 17.4% in 1970 –74 period and to a peak of 24.3% in 1975 –79 period. It was 22% in 1980, falling to 15.06% in 1985 and to 12.90% in 1990. In 1995, it had further fallen to 12.44%. Crude petroleum has remained the main engine of economic growth in Nigeria inspite of the volatility of the world oil market and its declining share in GDP (Agbejule 1987 p 29)
Commenting on the opportunities available for Nigerian entrepreneurs in the petroleum industry,(Iyoha) noted that oil industries in Nigeria have created opportunities for Nigeria entrepreneurs. He draw attention to the fact that the Nigeria National petroleum corporation represents all aspects of the industry. According to him, the corporation is an integrated international oil company involved in both upstream and downstream operations. This means that virtually all business men can find something of interest in the Nigeria national petroleum corporation group, either in the upstream or in the downstream sector of the industry.
Investment opportunities exist in areas of survey and mapping. These surveys are necessary before meaningful exploration work can take place.(Iyoha 1999p 99)
There are also opportunities in civil engineering works, particularly in the area of preparation of drilling location, construction of ud pits and slabbling or concretes gabs at regsites. Business men can also supply such items as cement, and pipelines. These are areas where Nigerians can harvest alone or in partnership with foreigners.
Attention is also drawed to the immense investment opportunities that exist in the important areas of exploration and production. Although oil exploration started in Nigeria over 53years ago not up to half of the sedimentary basins of the country have been seriously explored.
The Dahomey basin, the Anambra basin, the Sokoto basin as well as parts of the Chad basin have hardly been investigated for the purpose of finding oil or gas. Even in the Niger-delta basin, which has been appreciably explored, activities are limited to the only onshore areas.
A lot of people do not know that about 40% of the offshore areas of the Niger basin (up to 200 meters water depth) is currently under active exploration (Iyoha 2000 P40).
The presence of employment opportunities in any given country is one of basic social needs of the citizens of that country. When citizens are gainfully employed, the social atmosphere will be characterized by individuals who will seek to contribute meaningfully to the development of their nation. According to (Goulet 1971 p15) the three core values that should serve as a conceptual basin and practical guideline for understanding the inner meaning of development include life sustestanance, self-esteem and freedom for servitude.
Life sustenance, which is first of the core values, is characterized by the availability of food, shelter, wealth and protection. These basic needs and other core values can only be realized when the individuals are gainfully employed.
Seers (1969) also recognized the importance of employment as a feature of economic development when he posed the basic questions about development of a society. He asserted thus;
“The question to ask about a country’s development are therefore: what has been happening to poverty? What has been happening to unemployment? What has been happening to equality? If all three of these have decline from levels, then beyond doubts, this has been a period of development for the country concerned. If one or two of these central problems have been growing worse, especially if all three have, it would be strange to call
the result development even if per capital income doubled”.
Oladele (1991) posits that provision of employment opportunities is one of the positive side of oil industry.
Therefore, the presence and activities of the oil industries have created more opportunities for employment in Nigeria.
The trust of the education programme is to develop trained young men and women who can compete for jobs in industry over 57 percent of the work force in the oil companies are from the oil producing Rivers and Delta State. If staff are added from the other parts of the country (Imo, Abia, Akwa-Ibom and Edo states) which have oil operations on their ********, the percentage rises to about 69 percent of job creation by the oil industries in Nigeria. (Oladele 1991 p 96).
The various oil companies in Nigeria have employed contractors to handle most community projects (total contractors ), other areas of contract award are security, clearing up of oil equipments as well as supplies.
(Source: Petroleum Exploration and development in Nigeria ).
Speaking further on the provision of social infrastructure, Obadan (1987) noted that as a good corporate citizen, NNPC recognizes the importance of regular availability of social amenities in the day to day lives of people of the oil producing communities in the Niger Delta areas.
The corporation therefore, between 1986 and 1991, encouraged almost all its joint venture partners to undertake series of basic amenities in these communities as well as in higher institution across the country. One of such contribution of the oil companies in their areas of operation are :-
1. Development of rural road network. NNPC in its desire to promote the various exploration and marketing services nationwide, place high premium on road development and creating a road networks that links effectively the various oil producing communities in the interior , with the urban centers .
On yearly basis, the corporation through its 60% share in the funding of all activities involving the various joint-venture companies and invariably all community assistance initiatives undertaken by them.
Between 1989 and 1990, the NNPC in partnership with one of its joint venture partners undertook the construction of a special link-road running through four oil communities in Delta State – Idieze, Benekuku, Kwale and Okpi/Umusedege. (Nigeria Brief, community issuesl vol. 9, No. 2 June 1983).
2. Electrification :- The importance of 1978-2007 steady supply of electricity as the prerequisite to stable life in this age and time cannot be over-emphasized. With this in mind, NNPC and its joint venture partners have embarked on intensive electrification work in oil producing areas across the country.
The electrification of Agbere, Aggali-olu town, Brass, Dorgu Ewaama, Mgbechi, Okwuzi, Obie, Obriku and Omoku community in Rivers State estimated at N 3.5 million by shell petroleum development company(S.P.D.C), mobile producing Nigeria ltd (MPNL) provided 22 transformers that enable them to tap electricity from the national grid to communities in their area of operation. Several communities in Delta State have also benefited from electricity through the activities of oil industries in their communities. (Nigeria Brief, community issuesl vol. 9, No. 4 June 1984).
3. Portable water:- NNPC recognizes the importance of regular availability of water in the various communities of operations.
In furtherance of this, no less than six water projects were undertaken in communities located in Ughelli South L.G.A and Isoko L.G.A. Five oil producing communities began enjoying steady supply of water. Courtesy of NNPC and it’s joint venture partners.
NAOC Constructed and drill pipe borne water wells at Mgbede Okwuzi, Obirikum and Aggah in Rivers State, Berekuku, Kwale, and Okpai, Kwale and umusadege in Delta State.
Institutions of higher learning also benefited from the NNPC and it’s joint-venture partners through the provision of portable water. They are Delta State University, of Science and technology and petroleum training institute in Warri.( (Nigeria Brief, community Development vol. 10, No. 17 October 1983). ).
On the part of petroleum industry contribution to Agricultural development, NNPC and it’s joint-venture partners have contributed to the development of Agriculture in Nigeria. The objective is to help farmers grow from subsistence to a commercial level of farming and thereby improve their living standard and further develop Socio-economic conditions of the country.
SPDC, The pioneer and largest producer of crude oil in Nigeria have assisted rural communities in the following ways:
a) Improved farming techniques and methods
b) Developed and distributed disease resistant and high yielding varieties of crops.
c) Encouraging crop diversification.
d) Stimulate a teamwork /corporative approach to problem solving.
e) Harness the resources of government agencies, research institutes and philanthropic groups involved in agricultural developments.
f) Improved the agricultural earnings of farmers and the incomes of local communities. (Obadan 1987) p 102
Also the Nigeria Agip oil company, NAOC, had a number of contributions to the agricultural sector of the economy through the green river project in the following ways:-
a) Improvement of the traditional agricultural system by means of an extension services.
b) The distribution of improved varieties of the main food crops used in agricultural production.
c) The introduction of new crops of nutritional and economic interest, following a monitoring programme to test their adaptability to local conditions.
All the oil companies have been contributing tremendously to the agricultural development of the areas in which they operate. Chevron has put in place an agricultural scheme for Ugborodo and Escravros.
Similarly, Ashland has an agricultural extension office stationed at Izombo /Ossu/Ndiko communities who give advise on continuing basis to farmers techniques and also introduce the improved seedling and small scale farming methods.(Nigeria Brief, community issues vol. 9, No. 7 June 1984).
Encouragement of local skill is another area in which NNPC is playing important role. It has in recent times through diverse efforts of its joint –venture partners paid great attention to the development, improvement and modernizing of occupations that are native to the communities. In this regard , various kinds of traditional farming practices have been up-graded and modernized by the oil producing companies through application of research and extension services within the oil producing communities across. One of such key crops that was benefited immensely is cassava and its processing.
Between 1988 and 1991, One of the joint-venture company with the encouragement of NNPC spent millions of naira in establishing and sustaining several ultra-modern processing factories.
The factories are located in Akieweowa (Isoko North ), Unwiamuge (Ugheli North) and Igudeba (Oriomuon L.G.A. ) and their major task is employing modern scientific method in processing cassava into garri.
The factories are supervised by qualified agricultural extension officers hired by the company, who gives direction, technical advice and who perform all the farming duties. (Nigeria Brief, community issues vol. 8, No. 12 June 1977).
Furthermore, an analysis of the negative effects of oil industry in Nigeria, showed that in the Niger Delta; Oil industries activities have continued to pose serious environmental problems affecting health, social and economic activities, sustainable development and ecological balance.
The main environmental effects of oil industry activities in Nigeria (Oil producing areas of Niger Delta ) include :
i) Land degradation ,
ii) Air pollution
iii) Water pollution
v) Ecosystem degradation . These are as a result of oil spillage, gas flaring and waste disposal (Iyoha 2000).
According to Onayere (2000) oil spillage is the accidental and unwanted discharge of liquid, hydro carbon into the environment during the course of drilling, producing, processing, transferring while in storage. The liquid hydrocarbon is made up of various constituents and prominent among the constituents are the heavy liquid here referred to as crude and the light part which evaporate easily into the atmosphere called natural gas. In the oil are some other metals and sulphur.
Detwuker (1980) defined oil spillage as the running or pouring of petroleum products out of vessels, pipes or drilling wells to the environment thereby causing harmful effect to organic and inorganic matter in the affected areas.
Oducha (1992 ) defined oil spillage , as the out flow or release of oil into the environment from its natural habitat or storage resulting from error or accidents in production activities with regards to the effects of oil spillage,
Onoyere W (2000) noted that oil spills when they occur either through materials failure, sabotage etc, carry with it conflicts of interest, conflicts with environmentalists, conflicts with members of the host communities, conflicts due to hunger and deprivation and conflicts with government.
Oil spillage when it occurs, according to Okpo (1999) exposes the oil communities to hazards that militate against their health, growth and development. In the same vein, oil spillage and leakages from operational pipelines are said to be common causes of serious physical damage to the vegetations, soil and water long after clean-up. This results in incidence of soil infertility and poor yields from land.
As a result of oil exploration, land is desurfaced, it’s shape changes and most times, the natural waterways are block leading to flooding of farmland.
Biological effects are also very serious. The effects of oil on marine life can be considered as being caused by the physical nature of its smoothening effects and the chemical components of oil. i.e, it’s toxic effect. Marine life could also be affected by clean-up operations or damage to the habitats on which they live.
People in communities affected by oil spillage loose their sources of livelihood and if not completely lost resultant, depletion in fish and farm outputs results in lose of earnings. Other economic activities could be grounded as a result of loss of working tools. In addition, the phenomenon leads to series of fire-out- break that have claimed many lives and valuable properties.
The weekend vanguard of may 20, 2000 in its editorial said for many situation immediately drew in their minds, the horror of the Jesse fire disaster of 1998 where devastating petrol inferno roasted over 1000 persons alive.
Recently, there was also a similar situation in Ugbormro community in Uvwie council area of Delta State, where petrol almost engulfed the entire village. Suffice to say that, there was also a similar experience in Umumghade in Amaitoli in Osisioma council area of Abia State.
Between January 17th and 31st 1980, a total of 280, 000 barrels of oil was reported to have spilled on water and creaks spreading and damaging effects to the neighboring towns-Brass, Yenegoa, fish town and Samgana.
On February 10th 1980, an oil rig of the SPDC also caught fire at Obex North east of Sapele releasing a large quality of oil into the inland water.
About 180 casualties and over 1000 hospital cases were reported during the river spillage. In 1998, it was reported that Mobil Oil company at Eket spilled about 40,000 through out the whole of the Niger Delta.
The Jesse fire out-break in 1988 which was mentioned in earlier was as a result of long time petroleum products spillage that was not attended to, though it was attributed to sabotage. The oil spillage of September 17th 1999 at Ekakpamere from “shell 214” flow line spreading to about three kilometers led to contamination of drinking water, destruction of fishing creeks, farmland health hazards. ( Atlemen M.I and Okosodo L.A 2000).
Meoliver (1980) put the effects of oil spillage in the following words “Mangroves forests have hitherto served as natural boundaries not only between one state and another, with oil cutting away that national landscape telling where one state territory ends and where the other begins is no longer an easy matter. This goes a long way to tell magnitude of degradation that the Niger-Delta has been subjected to.
Gas flaring has also raised a lot of concern in communities in the Niger Delta. Gas flaring is a major source of air pollution and releases methane gas to the atmosphere. The major consequences of gas flaring are
i) The release of CO2 and methane to the atmosphere
iii) Water quality degradation. Like other air pollutions, gas flaring poses serious health hazard to people living near the flaring sites. The ash residue also contributes both to soil and water degradation.
Tragically, Nigeria has the dubious honour of being the foremost gas flaring country in the world in sum. Oil industry activities in the Niger Delta have caused and continue to cause considerable damage.
In the main, oil industry activities have resulted in agricultural land degradation, air pollution, water pollution and loss of territorial and aquatic biodiversity arising from habitat destruction. ( Iyoha 2000 p 21)
In addition to the negative economic, social and health consequence of environmental pollution on the inhabitatants of the Niger Delta. Oil industry activities pose a serious threat to the ecology of the wet lands and the long-term survival of their human and other species.
Although a lot of efforts have been made to curtail associated as gas flaring. Substential amounts exceeding 70% of total annual gas products is still flared in the Nigeria oil fields. Government efforts to control gas flaring has been mostly regular imposing of penalties for gas flaring on the joint –venture partners. Blanket prohibition by government on flaring has been impossible, as the economy is dependent on oil.(Onoyere, W and Onoyere I.A 2000, Iyoha 2000). On the part of waste disposal and its effects, Iyoha noted that while the laws and guidelines are in place, waste disposal in oil field operation has been less than satisfactory. Regulators on the other hand have not effectively enforced compliance. Main constraint, however, is the lack of national infrastructure and facilities for waste disposal.
Government needs to facilitate the building of industrial incinerators, engineered land filled. Sewage treatment plants in cities, urban areas and municipalities. City and municipal drainage channels are beginning for improvement, waste are dumped indiscriminately in our cities blocking public drains and destroying the aesthetics of our country. These are posing great risk and hazards to public health and the ecosystem.
With respect to poverty, there is great deprivation for majority of the people in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria is no longer in doubts. Ironically, this is where the bulk of the wealth of Nigeria comes from. Also, it should be pointed out that vast majority of the Niger Delta region is made up of rural settlement .
Given the circumstances which they are faced with, they appear helpless. So it is not that they are lazy as some people will want to believe. The `condition is caused by the leadership policy of the Nigerian nation. These policies and statutes that vest the control of the oil and mineral wealth on the federal government while the control of lands through kind use act is vested on the state government.
As a result of these policies which have been earlier mentioned, we can say that the people of the Niger Delta are poor because lack of purchasing power due to low income, no access to capital and lack of opportunities for income generations. Infact, they lack access to social and economic services like good roads, electricity and portable water.
Though according to the CRD report of 1996 which says that “meanwhile, the people would have suffered huge and untold losses. Apart from the health risks to which they are exposed to by pollution, they suffer from economic activities. Fishing activities as fishes die from pollution or migration. Elsewhere, farmers are dislodged from the soil they have been using for so many years and all of these loses are not adequately addressed by either the compensations paid or the system of paying compensation”.
It is obvious that the discovery of oil in the Niger Delta has brought no comfort to the communities. Since land belonging to the community is forcefully taken for oil prospecting operations.
In fact, those who reap the benefit are local the benefit are the local chiefs, traditional rulers, the ruling class and other regions of the nations. It can, therefore, be said that discovery of oil in the Niger Delta is a curse rather than blessing since it has created poverty and inter-ethnic war among the inhabitants of the area.( Ailemen M.I and Okosodo L.A . 2000 )
Anger is growing and increasing militancy is threatening the traditional social order in many communities. Leaders, who in the past were unquestionably followed are now being increasing challenged by more militant –Youth groups. Women groups are also becoming more vocal. The result is a complex and dynamic fragmentation of communities characterized by frequent power shifts between factions.
This makes it difficult to build a relationship as well as negotiate compensations for land acquisition, damages and spills. An agreement with one group may be rejected by others with no faction commanding the support of whole community. The result is frequent disruption to operations, confussion and ill-feeling within communities and dissatisfaction with the oil industry. Land rights where are central to the social system, in all parts of rural Nigeria, too are the focus of ages. People depend on land to grow their cattle as they have through the centuries.
However, under the land use act of 1978, the government took over custody of land. As a result, rents on land acquired for oil operations are payable to the state governments. Communities are compensated by oil companies for the loss of the right to the land, but such compensation are not usually enough.
Often, the dissatisfaction felt by communities are is exacerbated by the fact that oil royalties which go to its federal government is taken out from the companies. These has also lead to a resurgence in ethnic conflicts, which have a long history in parts oaf the Delta. These are mainly disputes over territory with neighboring communities. Some have oil under tones because the oil production or reserves that a community can claim under its land will influence how much assistance it gets from the government and oil companies. These factors mentioned above lead to the poverty in the various oil producing areas and have also resulted to violent conflicts in recent years which involve the Urhobo, Itsekiri, Ijaw, Ogoni, Okrika, Afam, Kalabari, and nembe groups.
Oil and the Niger Delta crisis is another critical area. Oil and related crisis in the Niger Delta dates back to early 1960’s. It actually came to head in 1963 when late Isaac Boro left the University of Nigeria, Nsukka to burst an oil pipeline in
section of the present Rivers State and declared the succession of oil Rivers State from the Nigeria nation. He was tried for treasonably felony that same year and sentenced to jail term.
The circumstances that lead to his action have not changed, rather they are getting worst daily. The oil related crisis in the Niger Delta is becoming a regular feature. It has assumed larger dimension and it’s now involves different group interest conflicts between communities or between two ethnic groups or such crises come in different form such as seizure of operating location or vandalisation of pipelines or kidnapping of oil company staff /employees for ramson. (Iyoha 2000 p 50)
All these crisis can be traced to sources such as deprivation or poverty or neglect of such communities by government and oil companies. These crisis are raising their heads because the people of the oil producing communities
are denied good benefits from the oil coming from their soil by the law governing oil production in Nigeria.
This crises are becoming incessant and move frequent because the oil communities perception of injustice and has become unbearable. This is corroborated by the NDES (1997) report which noted that a rivers State Study group stated in 1980;
“ At the moment, the colonial government left Nigeria, there was no doubt in the minds of oil Rivers people that natural resources and in particular, lands, petroleum resources and other economic potentialities belonged to the autonomous people of Nigeria where they were and we had no misgivings of the magnitude that a petroleum decree and land use decree would emerge, whereby all the most important natural resources of our people would be confisticated by the central government and be left with ridicular 3% of the huge revenue that our territory produces. We cannot bear this any longer”.
The above can tell the level of anger that is building up in the oil communities even twenty years ago but nobody cares. Also, the youth restiveness and disturbance in the oil producing communities can also be traced to the large number of educated but unemployed youths, though aware of the large amount of money being made from the ancestral lands. Situation like this too have brought about restiveness among the youths of the oil producing communities resulting in disruption of production activities and vandalizing petroleum pipeline in search of a fair deal, even at the expenses of their lives. This is at times done with the aim of getting significant compensation paid to host communities for polluted lands, streams, clean-up contacts. Also such compensation paid; generate inter-community or inter-ethnic fights over suffocating claims over ownership of the affected piece of land while jostling to get their share of the compensation paid.
The land use Act created its own problems when it said in section 29 3) b) that compensation claims be paid to the traditional rulers for disbursement to the communities. This also have led to recent attacks on community leaders /traditional rulers. This can further be buttressed by referring to the NDE report of (1997) which identified causes of oil community dissatisfaction to include.
a) The fact that contracts are awarded to opinion leaders and local chiefs in communities, who abandon projects site after collecting contract fees.
b) Community assistance projects do not often get to the target communities and are not initiated in consultation with the people.
c) Oil companies often initiate and execute poorly defined projects that may be quickly abandoned or vandalized.
d) The non-chalant attitude of the oil companies showed to their areas of operations (Niger Delta ). These have made youths in these areas restive. They have unemployed youths and adults but under their house, people are unemployed from outside to do even menial jobs, when one can recall that there is federal government law which says that ministries/parastatals should employ people from the catchment areas which by extension should apply to the oil companies at least for peace to reign.
According to Milton A Iyoha (2000), oil industry activities are of great benefit in recent years. Oil export revenues have accounted for approximately 97 percent of total exports and about 80 percent of total of total government revenue,(Iyoha 1999).
In many ways, oil has been the engine of economic growth in Nigeria. Rising oil prices have be associated with booming economy while low world oil prices have precipitated a recession.
A case in point was the early 1980s when the collapse of petroleum left Nigeria in a quagmire of economic problems. Falling outputs, galloping inflation, rising fiscal deficits, increasing balance of payment deficits and escalating external debt . Thus, we have a position where oil industry activities contribute positively to the growth of the Nigerian economy while at the same time, they damage the environment.
Thus, the challenge is to derive strategies to mitigate the environmental damage from oil industry activities. Accordingly, the aim was to suggest policies for mitigating the environmental damage from these activities.
The unprecedented destruction of NNPC pipelines in recent times was partly accountable for the serious disruption of regular flow of petroleum products in the country. Jacksin Obadselei said that 524 cases of leakage of the corporations pipelines were recorded in 1999 and of these only 27 were attributed to corrosion and other natural causes while 497 cases were traced to vandalisation.
According to Okpe(1999), oil industry activities exposes to hazards that militate against their healthy growth and development. In the same vein, oil spillage and leakages from operational pipelines are said to be common causes of serious physical damage to the vegetation, soil and water long after clean-up. This results in incidence of soil infertility and poor yields from land.
According to Okoh and Egbon, (1999) the environment is not static and continuously in the process of changes. Environmental changes can be natural changes within the ecosystem or induced by people’s interactions with environment.
However, the issue now is the effect of energy on the environment. By far, the most fundamental environmental problem facing Nigeria is the “warming” due to what is termed “the green house effect”. Carbondioxide (CO2 ) and other gases produced by nature in the atmosphere functions as a sort of blanket.
This blanket retains the warrant’s received by the earth in the form of sunshine, preventing the release of the heat on other space. Without this blanket, the earth temperature would be 30-40o c lower than it is today due to the warmth provided by the blanket.
Niger-Delta comprises Rivers, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Akwaibom, while the oil producing state includes Delta, Edo, Ondo, Ekiti, etc. Niger Delta covers about 70,000 square kilometers with high ecological value. It has nearly 200 oil fields with wells over 400 oil production and storage facilities scattered within its swamps and creeks which are operated by multinational firms such as shells, mobil, Chevron, EIF, Agip, and Texaco in joint venture with the Nigerian national petroleum company (NNPC). (Okoh and Egbon, 1999 ) .
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The study concentrated on the impact of oil industry on economic growth performance in Nigeria within the period of 1970 to 2000. A multiple regression analysis was employed to capture the influence of OREV on GDP and also determine the trend effect, that the effect of time as a variable. The results revealed a positive relationship between the variables.
The conducted t-tests indicated that the explanatory variables do not significantly affect Nigeria’s economic growth. The implication is that some important variables have been omitted from the model.
While the conducted f-test showed that the joint influence of the explanatory variables is insignificant, the R2 test indicates the poor explanatory power of the model, which is also a pointer.
The oil industry is a vital industry in Nigeria. Its output via oil revenue is generally agreed to be a catalyst to economic growth. This study explored the workings of this industry on the shores of Nigeria, specifically, the producing Niger-Delta. It equally discussed the consequence of oil exploration on the environment.
The people, the agricultural and manufacturing sector and above all, on the Gross Domestic Product, (GDP) of Nigeria from 1970 to 2000. The study proved that there has been environmental degradation, neglect of the people, abandonment of the agricultural and manufacturing sectors and a reasonable contribution to GDP, though with variation in the trend.
It is the opinion of the researcher that corruption in the Nigerian nation may have contributed immensely to the poor contribution of the oil sector to the economic growth of Nigeria. For example, allegations abound where retired military officers and some influential politicians are offered oil licenses to lift and export crude oil and the proceeds are reflected in the private pockets of such people only.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POLICY
Here, the researcher in a bid to enhance effective contribution of oil industry to GDP made the following recommendations.
There is a need to develop the agricultural sector side by side with the oil sector, the government need to develop agricultural sector which has been neglected over the years because oil is a wasting assets and too much reliance on oil to the neglect of agricultural is not of much benefit to the economy. Through this means, the industry sector will be modernized through the transfer of resources from the agricultural sector.
There is also need to renew ageing facilities, working hard to reduce ageing facilities will help to reduce the number of oil spill in the course of operation, the amount of gas flared and reduce waste products. All these will also help to meet the latest safety and environmental standard.
The need to institute environmental monitoring and management. The concept of environmental impact assessment (EIA) should be encouraged and enforced by regulators. EIA is a good project development strategy that forces developers to look through the life cycle of a project from the conceptual stages through design, construction and production phases to the decommissioning or abandonment phase; In so doing, the impacts of the project on the environment though life cycle are identified, modeled and evaluated with the objectives to mitigate the effect of all negative impacts and enhance the benefit of all positive effects in their host communities.
As much as possible, established market based instrument like pollution taxes and affluent charges should be utilized. This will economize the use of bureaucracy and reduce the cost of enforcement. Also, revenue obtained from pollution taxes should be used for environmental –begging-projects or to compensate inhabitants of the oil producing areas of the economy.
There is also, the need to work closely with the communities. This will help to reduce or settle the various problems that arise from the various communities in the country and will enable federal and state government, oil industry and communities to plan better for developments and minimize the impact on the environment.
More so, there should be contingency team that will comprise the representative from the oil industry, the host communities, the NNPC, professional bodies, etc. This group will be responsible for the drawing up of emergency preparedness plans and implementation, which will be used to combat spills. The group should also be in charge of relief packages for affected communities.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH
The researchers recommend that more variables be included in the model and also more sophisticated econometric methods be employed in determining the impact of oil industry in the economic performance of Nigeria.
Economic Growth In Nigeria – Impact Of Oil Industry
To place an order for the Complete Project Material, pay N5,000 to
Account Name – Chudi-Oji Chukwuka
Account No – 0044157183
Then text the name of the Project topic, email address and your names to 08060565721. | <urn:uuid:2be36e28-d150-4234-aceb-054d7dd81511> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.doublegist.com/economic-growth-nigeria-impact-oil-industry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00188-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957077 | 10,871 | 2.328125 | 2 |
The origins of the company begin with the design of engines for aviation. After the war, the brand produces motorcycle engines. In 1923, the first motorcycle was produced, which set a speed record. The company switched to the motor industry, and later began to produce cars. Before the outbreak of World War II, the brand was again engaged in the production of aircraft engines. The Germans lost, and BMW was on the verge of bankruptcy. The factory in Munich survived, where the production of sports cars was concentrated. In 1952, the first car appeared - model 501. Curved glass and light parts became the highlight of the brand. As a result, the doors, trunk and hood were made using aluminum.
The brand has taken over MINI (a small car manufacturer) and Rolls-Royce Motors. Auto brands are highly comfortable. There is the fastest model in the lineup - BMW 118i. In 2018, the company's assets amounted to $ 15 billion. Currently, BMW's policy is to produce electric cars that do not pollute the environment. Also, auto assembly is done manually, with subsequent computer diagnostics. Advantages of the brand: cars with excellent cross-country ability, an effective braking system, minimal rolls when cornering, good noise insulation. The best modern models of the BMW 6 Series, BMB X6 and X5. | <urn:uuid:16964798-07d5-473f-97f7-1237a9b58de0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://7zap.com/en/catalog/cars/BMW/brand/70/0/5'%20F10/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.956053 | 280 | 2.03125 | 2 |
October 2016 | Volume 92, Issue II | Honolulu, Hawai‘i | A Voice for Students Since 1923
Viewing The Ala Wai Through A Scientific Eye By Isabella Chang ’18
cross plating, which consists of growing the bacteria on two different types of agar and observing its color. Wang and Fala were able to isolate Vibrio vulnificus from the other types of bacteria and amplify the DNA. They then sent their samples to Laragen, a genetic sequencing lab in Culver City, CA. Along the way, the team encountered some setbacks. “We made a plate of 100 samples that were all supposed to be Vibrio vulnificus and they got contaminated in the mail,” said Wang. This happened twice, but a successful third trial yielded interesting results: the levels of the pathogenic type of Vibrio vulnificus are highest by the boat harbor, as one gets closer to the mouth of the canal. What Wang and Fala found eerily coincides with the death Oliver Johnson, a 34 year old who died of a flesh-eating disease in 2006, several days after falling into the Ala Wai Boat Harbor with cuts on his legs. When asked about the safety of Ala Wai conditions for kayakers and paddlers, Fala shared some advice; “If you are sick, I would stay out because when you have a weakened immune system, it’s easier to catch things,” he said. “And, of course, never go in with any open wounds.”
Matt Fala ’17 (foreground) and Jason Wang ’18 investigate flesh-eating bacteria in the Ala Wai Canal.
he Ala Wai Canal has been ‘Iolani’s neighbor since the school relocated to its Kamoku Street location in 1953. The school’s proximity to Waikiki’s largest waterway has its perks and its downfalls. Sure, every couple of years, after a heavy rain, the canal floods the campus and, on certain days, its thick chocolate depths look (and smell) foreboding. Still, many appreciate the opportunities it provides. ‘Iolani kayakers and paddlers are just a five-minute walk from their halau and cross country runners enjoy a scenic route around it, free of stop lights and crosswalks. However, the Ala Wai isn’t just a convenient body of water for ‘Iolani’s sports; it is also a hotspot for scientific discovery.
Investigating Flesh Eating Bacteria
This past summer, Jason Wang ’18 and Matthew Fala ’17 investigated flesh-eating bacteria, or Vibrio vulnificus in the Ala Wai under the direction of Dr. Yvonne Chan, John Kay Teaching Chair in Research Science. “We first went out on a boat and collected water samples from the surface and the bottom of the canal in multiple locations,” said Wang. Next, the team had a three-hour window to run the water through a filter and place the bacteria onto agar dishes and into an incubator. They processed the bacteria in a sterile room located in the Sullivan Center’s Wet Lab, using a technique called
Zooming in on Microorganisms
The past summer also provided Brennan Hee ’17 an opportunity to study the variability and species abundance of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Ala Wai. Hee applied in April for the Jack Kay Summer Fellowship which gave him and his mentor, biology teacher Mrs. Holly Church, $1,000 to purchase equipment. Hee harvested his samples by dragging a plankton net through the canal and investigating its contents. “It’s mostly just silt but there’s also a large number of plankton,” said Hee. “So with the zooplankton, you can actually see them swimming with the naked eye. It’s weird; they look like little moving dots, like soup.” For each day’s sample, Hee recorded the number and abundance of each species and calculated the percentages
Trump: Third Time’s the Charm? By Sean Callahan ’18
o many, Donald Trump’s meteoric rise in the political world seems an inexplicable phenomenon. Political heavyweights predict his downfall, only to see his numbers reach new heights. His bombastic comments and his boorish demeanor combine to form a candidate unlike any before-- or at least that is what you may have heard. In reality, American political history contains a plethora of figures bearing remarkable similarities to Trump. In fact, due to socioeconomic trends, it should come as no surprise to see a character like Trump winning over large swathes of support throughout the United States. In 1964 and 1968, George Wallace campaigned twice for the presidency. Many aspects of his campaign mirror those of Trump’s current drive. Wallace gained notoriety for his harsh stance on civil rights, which included shouting “Segregation now! Segregation tomorrow! Segregation Cartoon by Kylie Murayama ’17
Page 1 V8.indd 1
forever!” during his inaugural address as Governor of Alabama, and physically placing himself in a doorway to prevent African-American students from enrolling at the University of Alabama. By yelling things such as “If any demonstrator ever lays down in front of my car, it’ll be the last car he’ll ever lay down in front of,” or addressing the one thousand “little pinkos” who were protesting him outside, Wallace stirred up support through racism and strength. Wallace’s rhetoric, much like Trump’s, became a major selling point in his campaign. His supporters rallied around his purported toughness and became infatuated with his temperament. During the 1964 presidential campaign, Republican candidate and hardline conservative Barry Goldwater also faced criticisms about his ability to unite the Republican Party. His policies were deemed too polarizing, and when the general election came about, the challenge of uniting the party proved too much. His policies divided the Republican party and led to the largest landslide defeat in a presidential election in United States history. However, hHis opponent Lyndon Johnson garnered over 61% of the popular vote and exposed the danger of having a divided party. While the rise of these two unusual candidates and Trump may seem unconnected, these figures gained traction due to conservative backlash after a period of profound social transformation. In the cases of Wallace and Goldwater, the main social change was the civil rights movement.
of the species that made up the entire sample. Using a microscope-iPhone adapter created in the Fab Lab, he was also able to take detailed pictures of the creatures. Hee’s data concluded that the population of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the Ala Wai varies extremely by species types and from day to day. As the base of the food chain, these microscopic animals are important because they have a direct correlation to the health of Ala Wai. “If there are a lot of pollutants, because pollutants are nutrients like fertilizer, the abundance of phytoplankton will increase,” Hee said. The larger zooplankton feed on the smaller phytoplankton but when the phytoplankton greatly outnumber the zooplankton, the ecosystem is thrown out of equilibrium. Eventually, a great number of unconsumed phytoplankton die off and begin to decay, depleting the water of its oxygen. “In these anoxic conditions, nothing but bacteria can grow,” Hee said. “That’s when you find your Vibrio and other dangerous types of bacteria.”
Make The Ala Wai Awesome During the September IUCN World Conservation Congress, University of Hawai’i President David Lassner announced the Make the Ala Wai Awesome Student Design Challenge. “We are seeking ideas from the brightest young minds around the world to help us envision an inspiring, large-scale, systems-thinking approach towards comprehensive ecosystem restoration of the Ala Wai watershed,” Lassner said. The contest is international, open to all ages, and winners will receive $10,000 in prizes. For more information, go to http://www.hawaii.edu/news
Na Wai Ekolu: Three Waters
On October 4, 38 teachers from 19 different schools all located within the Makiki, Manoa and Palolo stream region met at ‘Iolani School to discuss ways to improve the condition of the Ala Wai watershed. Teachers watched a presentation on the scientific workings of a watershed and observed the stark comparison between a pristine watershed system in Kahana and Honolulu’s urbanized, polluted watershed. Efforts are underway to improve and educate the community about the problem and to brainstorm goals for the future health of the Ala Wai Canal.
African Americans gained enhanced social standing, rights, and opportunity from this event. This extremely progressive change faced significant resistance from many southern conservatives, and their displeasure manifested itself in the next presidential election. A current similar situation can explain Trump’s considerable popularity. While not immediately apparent, America is in the midst of an exceptional period of progressive change. LGBT rights and gun control have been thrust to the forefront of America’s social and political landscape. A surge in racial diversity throughout society, including America’s first ever African American president demonstrates the change America has undergone in recent years. Now, like the conservatives of the 1960s, some of today’s citizens who do not agree with this modification of society are seeking to elect a candidate who has the appearance of strength and gives them confidence that said change will be limited, if not reversed. Trump’s coarse nature and his promise to “Make America Great Again” assure his supporters that they are getting a tough leader who will raise them up above others. While it may be evident why Trump is such an attractive candidate, it remains to be seen how he will perform in the general election. While it is true that past candidates who shared comparable features with Trump have never captured the presidency, America just had its first African American president, and Hillary Clinton just became the first female nominee for a major American party. However the election in November turns out, it will be a historic referendum which will determine the course of America and the world for at least the next four years. 10/24/16 9:09 AM
Does Music Help or Hinder Studying? By Jasmine Kung ’19
hen walking into the Upper School library, you’re apt to see many students plugged into music while studying. Today’s teens find it hard to resist listening to music while studying, and ‘Iolani students are no exception. Nate Yonamine ’20 said he listens to music because he “believes it aids studying in certain times.” Kathryn Lau ’19 agreed. “If you repeat the same song over while studying and replay the song before your test, it really does help you remember what you studied previously,” she said. Listening to music while studying has long been debated by many. Some believe that music aids concentration, while others claim that it is a mere distraction.
“Words engage the language area in your brain, competing with your work. Instrumental music is more complimentary...Whereas music with lyrics can be distracting.” -Dr. Jeffrey Stern, PhD The human brain is divided into two hemispheres. The right brain is more creativity based and is stimulated when listening to music. The left brain is wired more for academics and language. Many believe that music has the ability to quiet your right brain while your left brain focuses on academics. However, is this really true? “There are individual differences,” said Dr. Jeffrey Stern, PhD, ‘Iolani’s Director of Social and Emotional Health.“It can be helpful in some situations. We do know from research that, for the most part, students are good reporters of the impact of music on them. ” Rumors also surround the thinking that certain genres
of music help concentration and focus. Students listen to many different types when studying. Cole Mijo ’19 listens to “upbeat songs like ‘Whole Heart’ by Griffin,” while Yonamine listens to “alternative or rock while doing math or science, and classical while doing history or English.” When asked about which genre of music is best for studying, choral director, Mr. John Alexander, said, “It really depends on the person. If you need something to calm you down, then something with a slower tempo. If you need a jolt of energy to boost your alertness, then something with a faster tempo.” Dr. Stern adds that music with lyrics is least effective. “Words engage the language area in your brain, competing with your work.” He adds, “Instrumental music, like classical and jazz, is more complimentary. Whereas music with lyrics, complicated chord progressions and unpredictability, like changing time signatures, can be distracting.” In the end, it is each student’s preference. “If it’s not stealing [the students’] focus, and they prefer it, that’s
Drawing by Kyra Tan ’19
fine,” Mr. Alexander shared. “If they find that it’s drawing focus away from their studying, I would say steer clear.” “It’s important to make evidence-based decisions,” said Dr. Stern. “It’s one thing to think that it helps you and that you should be making your decisions based upon what your gut tells you, as well as being honest and mature with yourself, and asking ‘Does it really help me?’ ’’ Does music help concentration, or does it hinder it? It all boils down to your choice.
Teaching Students to “Mālama the Earth” By Joseph Pang ’21
in local service projects for the school and island community, and has taken them on excursions to the He`eia Fishpond, Kanehunamoku Voyaging Academy, and Ulupo Heiau. “Place-based learning is a global phenomenon in which people need to understand where they came from before they understand the rest of the world,” said Knoetgen. “Whenever we engage in a beach clean-up, plant native trees in reforestation activities, visit a fishpond, or any form of community-based service, we are learning more about the place in which we live.” According to Knoetgen, place-based Hokule`a crew members exchange makana, oil, and other gifts during one of education is also called “service learning,” many stops of Leg 21of the Malama Honua Worldwide Voyage. From left: Maya “experiential education,” Saffrey of the Polynesian Voyaging Society and Jessie “Little Doe” Baird gather with friends. Photo coutesy of the Polynesian Voyaging Society. “community-based education,” “education for sustainability,” and “environmental education.” hy is it important to immerse students in opportuKnoetgen’s teaching of place-based education doesn’t nities and experiences to learn about the cultural stop with the local community. She is a passionate adheritage, history, and even literature that is unique to their vocate of Mālama Honua Worldwide Voyage’s (Mālama homeland? Understanding one’s cultural heritage helps Honua WWV) mission to teach kids how to “mālama hopeople connect to others with similar backgrounds and nua,” or to “care for the earth, or to care for your place.” provides them with a “sense of place.” It links to tradi“The mission of the voyage is to learn from communitions that might otherwise be lost. A lack of understandties around the world about how they take care of their ing could have negative effects on a culture, as seen with places – through sustaining the environment and sustainthe Wampanoag language in southeastern Massachusetts. ing indigenous cultures,” said Knoetgen. “I had many With no one to continually perpetuate the language, the place-based learning experiences while traveling with Wampanoag language faced extinction. Later, however, the Mālama Honua Worldwide Voyage as a volunteer a woman named Jessie “Little Doe” Baird revived the educator.” language by comparing a Bible written in Wampanoag Last year, Knoetgen took a sabbatical to participate in and a Bible written in English. the Mālama Honua WWW and went on the 21st Leg of `Iolani English teacher Michelle Knoetgen is working the Worldwide Voyage. She recalls a memorable trip to hard to perpetuate the state’s cultural heritage and to the Center for Science and Leadership on Hurricane Ispromote student learning that is “rooted in what is local”– land, a small, island twelve miles off the coast of Maine. Hawaii’s unique literature, history, ecology, culture, “While we were there, we interacted with students who economy, and art. Using an educational philosophy called taught us about their marine ecosystem and work they place-based education, Knoetgen incorporates Hawaiian had conducted in their Field Research Station,” she said. and Pacific Island texts into her “Literature of the Ocean” “We shared the story of Hōkūle’a with them, and two of course, an elective for juniors and seniors, involves them our navigators led a celestial navigation and astronomy
PAGE 2 ver. 22.indd 1
`Iolani teacher Michelle Knoetgen trims a sail during Leg 21 of the Worldwide Voyage. Photo coutesy of Polynesian Voyaging Society.
lesson outside at night when all of the stars came out.” Mālama Honua WWV’s vision for the future is to teach people to “mālama honua” and to help them remember from where they came. When the Hōkūle’a crew goes on these “legs” of the voyage, they teach people to be more sustainable so that future generations will still have a beautiful Earth to properly enjoy. To “mālama honua” is for all to do their part in taking care of the Earth. Together, we can make a difference.
10/24/16 10:19 AM
MessAGING With Love, Part 2
Club of the Month
By Eve Huddleston ’19
narian’s life, a picture, and a short biography of the special kupuna. “We had a lot of help along the way from all kinds of people, including one of the executives at Edward Enterprises,” said Kirk Uejio ’98. Firth and Hamai met with the Edward Enterprises executive to organize the printing of the cards; they also met with ‘Iolani alumnus Eldon Ching to coordinate selling the cards at The “MessAGING With Love” cards created by Kacie Frith ‘22 Paperie in Kahala Mall. and Taylor Hamai ‘14. Photo by Eve Huddleston ‘19 The cards are sold in hand-wrapped sets of 10 -- two cards for each centenarian and his past summer, Kacie Frith ’22, and Taylor two thank-you notes. They are availHamai ’14, interviewed four centenarians to create able at the Lower and Upper School the second round of “MessAGING with Love,” a project Main offices, the Sullivan Center’s in which Frith and Hamai made greeting cards based on 4th floor offices, and the Paperie. the life and characteristics of each centenarian. CenteAll proceeds go to Project Dana, a narians are individuals who have lived over 100 years. local non-profit organization that aims Taylor Hamai ’14 had created the original project in her to care for the elderly of Hawaii by senior year, as part of her One Mile Project class. She providing services such as transportainterviewed centenarians and, with help of Taylor Wong tion to medical appointments, grocery ‘08 and Kirk Uejio ’98, created the cards. Kacie Frith ’22 stepped in this past summer to continue shopping, religious services, home visits, and home safety assessments. the legacy of “MessAGING with Love.” Taylor Hamai “Project Dana has been a great part’14 helped her along the way, starting with interviews of ner of the One Mile Class and they the centenarians. were a natural connection for this “Each interview was about one hour,” said Frith. “I project,” said Uejio. was only nervous for the first interview, but Taylor really Frith hopes “MessAGING with helped to coach me through all of them, and gave me lots Love,” will spread awareness to the of tips on how to host a good interview.” island community about the imporThe first interview featured the grandmother of Mrs. Raquel Leong, who works in the admissions office. Other tance of our kupuna. “I’m so grateful that I was able to interviewees included acquaintances of Frith and Hamai do this,” said Frith. “The centenarians and an ‘Iolani alumnus, who works at the Plaza Assisted taught me such simple lessons that Living in Waikiki. are really very important in one’s life. Frith’s cards exemplify the character of each centenarThey were all just so positive, and I ian, such as their favorite colors, words of wisdom, and definitely want to be like them when I what they want to leave as their legacy. Each card also become a kupuna.” includes a handwritten quote from each centenarian, a design that represents something important in the cente-
By Camille McMillian ’21
ill Gates, co-founder of Microsoft, is the richest man in the world. Steve Jobs created the iPhone that you are probably holding in your hand right now. So what do they have in common? Gates and Jobs made their money by being entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship is important because it encourages social change, as well as adds to national income. If you are interested in learning how to create your own business, then the Entrepreneurship Club may be for you. The club is comprised of members who gather once a month to share elevator pitches, to talk about entrepreneurs, but most importantly, to discuss how they can change in the world. “We call our ideas an elevator pitch,” says Economics & Entrepreneur instructor Kimi Frith ’92. “You have one elevator ride to discuss your idea to an investor. You know it’s fine to create crazy ideas!” Frith works with “Operation R.A.D,” a club in which kids raise awareness for the Darfur genocide, and is associated with Sunglasses initiative for Tomorrow’s Eyes (SIFTE), a recently launched business to help people with visual disabilities. She partners with Trevor Benn ’92, Chris Shimabukuro ‘85 and Robert Dawson, who help to run the club and are involved with business competitions as well as with entrepreneurs. “We want to build a club where kids can be creative,” said Frith. “Students here have so many privileges that I didn’t have when I was young. I want to see ‘Iolani students give back. I also want to see them take risks, develop creative thinking, and have fun!”
Back: Mr.Chris Shimabukuro, Mrs. Kimi Frith, Mr. Robert Dawson Middle: Andrew Dawson ‘21,Conner Koga ‘22 , Josiah Morita ‘22, Kyung Ju Lee ‘20 Front: Maxon Miyashiro ‘20, Keli Santos ‘19, Sachi Sawamura ‘19 Photo by Camille McMillian ‘21
Humans of ‘Iolani Share Their Scary Experiences By Alisha Churma ’19
Megan Leong ’22 n my last year of Lower School, our whole grade went to Camp Mokulei’a. At night, we shared campfire stories. One was about the cabin I was in. It was about how a girl was zip lining, then fell through the roof of the cabin and died, and her ghost still haunts it. I was sitting by my friends, and while listening to the story, I slowly inched closer to them. Just thinking about a ghost haunting my cabin frightened me. The way the storyteller was reading to us was creepy, too. By the end of the campfire, I was really scared to walk back to the cabins alone, so I stayed with the crowd and stayed awake in my bunk bed for a while.
PAGE 3 v9.indd 1
Mr. Michael Among o understand this story, one must understand the family `aumakua. In Hawaiian culture, an `aumakua is considered a family guardian or an omen and is often manifested in animal form like a shark, dolphin or turtle. My family `aumakua is the pueo, a Hawaiian owl.” - Mr.Among In 2008, the ‘Iolani Raiders was one of three ILH teams in the state volleyball tournament. Our first three matches, which we won, were held on the Kamehameha-Maui campus. We would face Punahou in the final, but at King Kekaulike High School. After beating Kamehameha-Kapalama in the semi-finals, I had planned to take the team to the King K gym to inspire them. I was driving the lead van as we drove out of the KS-Maui campus, around 9:00 PM. The name of the main street there was Aapueo Way. Aapueo translates as “the call of the owl.” As I made my way over, something caught my eye up in the sky. A majestic pueo fluttered above the street light, paused to seemingly make eye contact with me, and then disappeared into the darkness. The next night, we beat the undefeated Buff ‘n Blu in the championship match. I couldn’t help but feel that, besides Brad Lawson’s 28 kills, the pueo had at least a little to do with it.
Kyra Tan ’19 nce when I was about to enter my room, I heard this extremely loud breathing sound coming from the inside. It sounded like really heavy, violent panting or hissing that might have been coming from something EXTREMELY large. I tried to tell myself that the thought of anything supernatural or an out-of-the- ordinary being was absurd. But that’s what every person who dies first in a horror or sci-fi movie thinks. I convinced my dad to open the door instead. As the door swung open, it revealed two large, green eyes the size of dinner plates accompanied by a set of jagged ivory teeth. Sorry, no, not really. The door swung open to reveal nothing... except my digital alarm clock on top of my dresser that had apparently gone hay-wire and switched into “ocean” mode on the highest volume. Somehow I mistook the relaxing and healing lull of waves crashing on a beach for a monster’s heavy breathing…
10/24/16 10:15 AM
Enjoying the Little Things in Life in Our Town
By Sara Hui ’18 & Alec Tam ’20
talented cast of ‘Iolani Upper School students will bring alive the ageless classic Our Town during a four-day run, from November 2-5 in Seto Hall. The Pulitzer Prize-winning play transports us to a small, fictional town called Grover’s Corner between 1901-1913 and provides a realistic look at moments in life through the everyday lives of its citizens. “Everyone can relate to growing up, falling in love, and dealing with death,” said Performing Arts Director Robert Duval of the play’s universal themes. “When one character relives a day in her life, we realize how often we forget to appreciate people and things in our lives.” Thornton Wilder’s timeless three-act play explores daily life, marriage, and death in a quaint American town. Alisa Boland ’17 (Emily Webb), Ian Severino ’17 (George Gibbs), and Elizabeth Stacey ’17 (narrator), along with twenty-two other members of the cast, will have you laughing, crying, and appreciating the “little things in life.” Boland and Dane Nakama ‘17 (Mr. Webb) all agree that the last act, which refers to life and death, is the most moving part of the play. The cast hopes to teach an important lesson about how life should be lived because eventually everyone dies. Dane Nakama ‘17 says, “Death
Our Town Poster courtesy Julia Lim ’19
is always moving, but if I’m completely honest, I find the quiet moments in the play to be particularly beautiful. The play itself is about life, and the parts that teaches us about how to truly live are what moved me the most.”
BEHIND THE SCENES
WITH IDP MEMBER ANDREW EVANS ’17
“Everyone can relate to growing up,
falling in love, and dealing with death.” - Mr. Robert Duval Director of Our Town Duval says casting students as characters is like a puzzle. “The play requires some students to play characters who are older, so I look for maturity,” said Duval. “There is a narrator, so I need someone who displays the self confidence to lead the audience through the story.” Hurry and buy your tickets for Our Town, if you haven’t already, and drop by Seto Hall for an emotional roller coaster!
Stage Manager...............................Liz Stacy ’17 Emily Webb.............................Alisa Boland ’17 Young Emily.............................Chloe Evans ’19 Mr. Webb...............................Dane Nakama ’17 Mrs. Webb.........................Nicole Sundberg ’19 Wally Webb................................Nick Hailer ’20 Dr. Gibbs.................................Brandon Yim ’19 Mrs. Gibbs..................Morgan Hi’ilei Serna ’17 Rebecca Gibbs...................Tierra Nakamura ’21 Mrs. Soames.....................Alyssa Sakamaki ’17 Simon Stimson.................Eaven McMurray ’18 Howie Newsome.............Hannah Yonamine ’19 Joe Crowell........................Kylie Murayama ’17 Si Crowell.........................Sydnee Kokubun ’18 Professor Willard...................Mara Morioka ’18 Constable Warren..................Julia Kennedy ’20 Sam Craig.................................Camryn Yee ’18 Joe Stoddard.......................Paris Yamamoto ’18 Ensemble..................................Hailey Akau ’20 Kristina Benesh ’17 Erica Cheung ’18 Daniela Kroning ’17 Katelin Miller ’17 Kela Villalobos ’18 Sydney Weaver ’21
Q: What made you volunteer with the costume department instead of being a regular cast member? A: I was in the show my first year, but then in 9th grade, I wanted to be backstage. I chose the costume department because it seemed more fun and interesting. Q: What happens in the costume department? A: For all the shows there is a costumer, and the costumer will come in and do all the measurements for the cast. There is a giant costume closet where the costumer finds costumes for the cast, or someone will make a special outfit for the cast member. About a week before the show, everyone in the department will go in and organize all the costumes and make sure all the cast members know what they will be wearing. Q: What other duties does the costume department staff have? A: If buttons fall off or costumes get stained, the costume crew is there to fix those. The main thing, other than ironing, is quick changing from one costume to another in a short amount of time. We go into the wings and help cast members change into different costumes. Q: What keeps you in ‘Iolani Dramatic Players (IDP)? A: I could’ve left, but I don’t want to leave. It’s an interesting group of people and an interesting experience. It’s one thing to be in theater and be on the stage, but to work backstage is a whole different experience. You get to be backstage and just chill in the dressing room. It gets a little hectic because sometimes I have to be in rehearsal from 3 p.m. - 9 p.m.. The whole energy of it all really keeps me going, and the connection you have with your friends in the cast and crew is really something you can’t experience anywhere else.
Rocking Out at 85 Decibels By Landon Kushimi ’18
ighty five decibels is the loudest sound a human can hear without suffering from any permanent ear damage. It also happens to be the name of ‘Iolani junior Daniel Ferrer’s band. Ferrer’s reasons for joining a band were quite simple. “My passion is music . . . that, and I lack any athletic skill,” he said. The band consists of Ferrer on the rhythm guitar and keyboard, and three juniors from Punahou: Kalliyan
From left to right, Kalliyan Davis, Tevita Hifo, Jake Chouljan, Daniel Ferrer ’18. Members of 85 Decibels pose for a picture. Photo courtesy Kalliyan Davis
PAGE 6 V9.indd 1
Davis on the lead guitar and vocals; Tevita Hifo on the bass; and drummer Jake Chouljan. The band was founded by Davis in August of 2015, but Davis and Ferrer knew each other long before then. “Kalliyan and I have been playing together in other bands since 2011,” said Ferrer. “In another band with Kalliyan, we got invited to play in places like Texas for the Vans Warped Tour, Whisky a Go Go in Hollywood, and Maui for Fleetwood Mac.” Although the band has started to branch out into alternative rock, Ferrer still describes the band’s style as centered around what he calls “your parents’ music,” or otherwise known as classic rock from the ’70s and ’80s. Citing bands such as Journey, The Beatles, and Metallica among others that have influenced 85 Decibels, Ferrer says that the band decided to go in a more classic direction because “in a society where there’s a lot of rap and music that isn’t necessarily played on ‘instruments,’ it’s good to take a step back and listen to how music was originally played and sung.” Currently, 85 Decibels meets once a week for a twohour rehearsal and plays three to six gigs a month, usually at Crossroads at Hawaiian Brian’s. They also play for volunteers at charity events, or for anyone who is willing to hire them for a party. Ferrer acknowledged that the
Phone Number: (808)256-2159
Email: email@example.com Facebook: 85 Decibels Instagram: @85.decibels YouTube: 85 decibels band will probably last until his senior year, as attending college will most likely force members to move away, but that won’t stop him from continuing to play music. “I would definitely join another band in college, or maybe even make my own if there aren’t any bands recruiting,” said Ferrer. He advises other aspiring musicians to simply “play what makes you happy, whether it be classical piano or heavy metal drums, and feel free to get together with friends to just jam.”
10/24/16 10:20 AM
Boys Breaking Barriers By Nagem Uiagalelei ’19
ach week during the fall, hundreds of fans look forward to watching the upcoming high school football games. Although all of the physical contact and action happens on the field, what occurs on the sidelines is just as action-packed and entertaining. Clad in bright school colors and wildly waving pom poms, the team’s cheerleaders are the ones who fire up the crowd. Most high school cheer squads consist of a strong roster of females, but the `Iolani cheer team has been lucky enough to have four guys join this year. Roger Louis-Charles ’21 and Kawai Wagner ’21 are new to the intermediate team, while Shane Robertson ’18 and Jay Park ’18 are members of our junior varsity and varsity teams, respectively. Although some may not consider cheerleading to be a sport, it requires a great amount of strength, coordination, flexibility, stamina and commitment to achieve success in serious competitive cheer. Team members play specific roles in order to complete a routine. Some serve as flyers, or the people who are tossed into the air to perform stunts. Members who are bases help lift and toss the flyers in the air to execute moves. Backspots stand with two bases to their left and
“The girls made it so easy to adjust to
being on the team because they’re such nice and supportive people.” - Roger Louis-Charles ‘21 right to support Wagner, the sole flyer on the team. Park, Robertson, and Louis-Charles serve as backspots, ensuring flyers maintain their balance. Junior varsity cheerleader Kylie Carpenter ’19, like the
By Tiana Hannemann ’18
The guys pose for a photo after a successful cheer competition. From left to right: Roger Louis-Charles ‘21, Kawai Wagner ‘21, Shane Robertson ‘18, Jay Park ‘18.
rest of the girls, finds the addition of male teammates a great benefit to the program. The guys prove themselves to be beneficial and a major asset to the cheer program. “I love having the guys on the team,” said Carpenter. “They’re so helpful and really strong.” Other girls on the team seem to work well with the guys, and rely on their help for major stunts. Cheerleading can be tough, but it is not always about the competition. Making new friends seems to be one of the best parts of joining cheer. “The girls made it so easy to adjust to being on the team because they’re such nice and supportive people,” says Louis-Charles. Robertson added, “the girls were really encouraging and helped me to develop my skills.” Between practice, football games, and competitions the team spends the majority of their time together. These male cheerleaders are leading the way to breaking the stereotype that cheerleading is only for girls. They are hopeful that more will join them and be able to experience all that cheer has to offer.
At the Heart of ‘Iolani Athletics By Jake Kaneda ’18
ith injuries being a fear to deter people from playing sports, ‘Iolani’s athletic trainers work to change that. Their work is often done behind the scenes, on the sidelines, and sometimes even unnoticed. These dedicated athletic trainers are at every single game, match, and meet. At the helm of this group is Mr. Charley Gima, who has been a part of the ‘Iolani athletic training staff for 33 years. Along with Mr. Charley Gima is also Ms. Louise Inafuku who is also a full time athletic trainer at ‘Iolani. Although some may think that athletic trainers only take care of injuries when they occur, they do much more than that. Athletic trainers are always the first to arrive and last to leave the training room on a daily basis. They work hard to treat and rehabilitate athletes in order to get them back to peak form. These
Ms. Louise Inafuku
Athletic trainer career: Certified as an athletic trainer since 2002; 2003-2009 part time (‘Iolani); 2010-present (‘Iolani). Most common injuries treated: Depending on which sport, but mainly ankle sprains. Most used equipment in your opinion: White tape and Biofreeze.
Who do you see most often in the athletic training room? “Mainly athletes, but also former students, faculty, staff, and students in after-school programs.” How often do people come into the athletic training room? “People come in daily with injuries.”
PAGE 7 v 20.indd 1
N A M A S T E
Yoga: Bringing Balance to your life
unsung heroes keep ‘Iolani’s teams healthy by doing some of the hardest work and never seek attention for it. The ‘Iolani athletic training staff also have multiple part-time athletic trainers who come in throughout the week, and also on weekends for games. These staff members not only are responsible for taking care of athletes, but also care for the athletic training equipment as well. For football games on the road, equipment such as Gatorade jugs, crutches, and stretchers packed and loaded onto a truck. It is then transported to the school ‘Iolani is playing at. These are some tasks that the athletic trainers must complete every week for football. Not to mention the rest of the sports throughout the year. These people are the ones keeping the boat afloat for ‘Iolani athletics.
Mr. Charley Gima
Athletic trainer career: 1979 start at UH Manoa; 1984-present (‘Iolani). Most common injuries treated: Ankle sprains, muscle strains, shin splints, tendinitis injuries, knee sprains. Most used equipment in your opinion: Gameready and Vectra Stim machine.
Who do you see most often in the athletic training room? “Athletes, students, administrators, faculty, and staff.” How often do people come into the athletic training room? “Throughout the day, people come and also utilize the exercise/rehab room.”
oga seems to be all the rage lately with its practice gaining popularity among all age levels. As it is common today to see many people carrying colorful mats and walking in trendy yoga pants, one might think yoga is a relatively new practice. Actually, yogis have been embracing the practice since its development by the Indus-Sarasvati civilization in Northern India over 5,000 years ago. How did yoga reach the United States? In the 1890s, Hindu monk Swami Vivekananda spread his Hinduism philosophy, and captured Westerners’ attention. Then, in the 20th century, Hatha yoga – yoga flow focusing on breath, meditation, and posture – reached new heights when Hinduism became popular among young Americans. Later, in the 1980s, its reported health benefits turned yoga into a true workout.
Yoga can bring a healthy balance to both students and teachers. Yoga... 1. brings students into the present moment 2. eases anxiety and tension 3. enhances focus, concentration, comprehension and memory 4. improves listening skills 5. improves posture 6. lowers blood pressure and betters circulation 7. improves sleep 8. maintains nervous system 9. prevents cartilage and joint breakdown 10. protects spine 11. enhances motor skills and balance
Just an hour after school each day helps clear my mind, and it gives me a mental break before starting my homework for the night. - Ella Miller ’18
Yoga helps me to stay present by making me feel connected to where I am, whom I am with, and what’s going on around me. - Ms. Yuki Basso
10/24/16 10:21 AM
Last-Minute Halloween Costume Guide By Alisha Churma ’19
ith Halloween just around the corner, you may be one of many who might be stuck for ideas on a costume. Perhaps you cannot afford to buy a costume on such a short notice, or you just want a unique costume. If that sounds like you, don’t worry because Imua has your back! Here are some quick, easy and budget-friendly ideas. There’s sure to be one that’s good for you.
If you and a friend need a quick costume: First, find a black and white shirt for each of you to wear. On the white shirt, use masking tape, a pen, or adhesive letters to write the letter “S.” On the black, use white masking tape to write “P.” Then walk around together as salt and pepper!
If you are running short on time: Buy a pack of basic “Hello, My Name Is” name tags and write different names on all of them. Simply stick the tags all over your shirt, making you an identity thief!
If you are willing to take a trip to the grocery store: Take a plain shirt and write the word “life” on it using masking tape, a pen, or adhesive letters. To finish it off, carry around a bag of lemons all day. When “life gives you lemons,” use them as a costume!
Looking for an interactive option? Wear a neutral-colored shirt, preferably brown or beige, and carry around Post-It-notes, pens and some tape. Have your friends stick a message somewhere on your shirt. By the end of the day, you will be looking like a full bulletin board.
If you find yourself desperate for a costume on the night before Halloween, try this. Write “Error 404: Costume Not Found” on a plain white shirt! It really doesn’t get any simpler than that.
Proconsul Corner: Spooky Stories and Surprises B
OO! It’s October, and we, the Proconsuls, cannot wait to delight you with some very spooooooky surprises! Feel like you’re too old to go trick or treating? Wrong! No worries because Spirit Big has got your back. Get ready, because this year we are bringing Halloween to you. Throughout the week before Halloween, you will have the chance to trick or treat from classroom to classroom and learn more about the faculty and staff of ‘Iolani! Now’s your chance to learn more about some of the new teachers or reconnect with some former favorites, all while getting candy. It’s a win-win situation. And now, a scary story to put everyone in the spirit of being spooked. Timmy was just your average ‘Iolani student. He loved watching Stranger Things and American Horror Story on Netflix. Nothing, and I mean NOTHING, scared him. That all changed once he reached the Upper School….. “WHAT? I thought every homeroom was long homeroom.” “What’s this basic schedule thing?” “Where are you guys going?” “I thought we all go to the same class!” The first day of school had already shaken Timmy to his core. He went through the motions, trying to make it to each of his classes in the five minutes of a passing period. He realized very quickly the severity of the Castle
stairway traffic. Every class only added to his so called “one hour” of homework. It was a hard day. The only thing that kept Timmy going was the promise of the weekend. He was so excited to have a relaxing weekend that he started to relax early. “Tomorrow is the weekend, I don’t have to do my homework today.” He ate lunch without studying, watched videos during study hall, and when he got home, he went to sleep early without a care in the world. It was the perfect day. “Timmy, Timmy, Timmy, get up you’re late.” “Mom, why are you waking me up so early?!” “What do you mean why? You have to get to school!”
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF AMY NAKAMURA
ONLINE EDITOR WINSTON WEI
MANAGING EDITORS SEAN CALLAHAN SARA HUI
SPORTS EDITOR TIANA HANNEMANN
PHOTOGRAPHY & GRAPHICS EDITOR REID UEKI
PAGE 12 v112.indd 1
LOWER SCHOOL EDITOR EVE HUDDLESTON
STAFF ISABELLA CHANG ALISHA CHURMA JAYSON GUO LOUI IKEI JAKE KANEDA JASMINE KUNG LANDON KUSHIMI CAMILLE MCMILLIAN KANALU MONACO
It was then that Timmy realized the whole week was a dream, and he had to go through the entire week again.
Proconsuls Joshua Chun ‘17, Koa Among ’17, and Dane Nakama ‘17
JOSEPH PANG ALEC TAM NAGEM UIAGALELEI ADAM ZUCKERNICK
ADVISORS MRS. LAURIE CHANG MS. JENNA TAMASHIRO
CONTRIBUTING WRITER JAKE STEINER CARTOONIST KYLIE MURAYAMA KYRA TAN
10/24/16 10:22 AM | <urn:uuid:28fe599a-9afd-4d77-a2ad-75603e88f25e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://issuu.com/iolaniimua/docs/selection | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00196-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949898 | 10,607 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Background: Falls are a leading cause of injury in older adults. Obtaining cost data for a randomized controlled trial aimed at preventing falls was problematic, and an approach was needed to obtain these data on a relatively small sample of women who used healthcare services.
Approach: The study population was 272 community-dwelling women aged 70 and over who were participants in a fall prevention trial. Fall incident reports and billing records were used to obtain costs associated with outpatient visits, emergency department visits, acute care hospitalizations, nursing home stays, home healthcare visits, rehabilitation visits, and ambulance use. Average time and costs for obtaining fall-related healthcare cost data also were estimated.
Results: The mean age of those with falls requiring healthcare utilization was 78.9 years (SD = 5.1 years). Billing records were obtained for 47 of 55 injurious falls (85%). Costs ranged from $63 to $85,984, with a mean cost of $6,606 and a median cost of $658 per fall-related injurious event. The average time it took to collect the data was just over 5 hr per fall, with an estimated data collection cost of $170 per fall.
Discussion: The mean cost of falls was higher than seen in other studies, although methods differ. Collecting cost data related to a specific fall injury event directly from study participants was feasible, practical, and relatively inexpensive. Direct costs of injurious falls are greater than have been estimated in previous studies. | <urn:uuid:1683e0b1-dc97-47d0-a8e8-b10f008339f4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://journals.lww.com/nursingresearchonline/Abstract/2007/07000/Measuring_the_Direct_Healthcare_Costs_of_a_Fall.9.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00090-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97485 | 300 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.