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10 Benefits of Reading: Why You Should Read Every Day
If you don’t read a book or magazine on a regular basis, you’re missing out. There are a slew of advantages to reading, and here are ten to get you started.
1. Mental Stimulation
Staying mentally stimulated can help to slow the progression of Alzheimer’s and dementia. The brain, like any other muscle in the body, needs to be exercised to stay strong and healthy. Board games and puzzles are good ways to keep your brain active and engaged throughout the day.
2. Stress Reduction
A well-written novel can transport you to other worlds while keeping you in the present moment, while an interesting article will keep you alert and alert while allowing you to relax.
The more knowledge you have, the better prepared you will be to face any challenge you may encounter; remember, knowledge cannot be taken away from you, even if you lose everything.
4. Vocabulary Expansion
Being articulate and well-spoken is beneficial in any profession, and knowing that you can confidently speak to higher-ups can boost your self-esteem significantly. Reading books is also important for learning new languages, as non-native speakers gain exposure to words used in context.
5. Memory Improvement
Every new memory you create creates new synapses (brain pathways) and strengthens existing ones, which strengthens existing memories and aids in short-term memory recall. Check out this technique if you want to learn more about how to increase brain power, boost memory, and become 10x smarter.
6. Stronger Analytical Thinking Skills
Have you ever figured out a mystery on your own?
7. Improved Focus and Concentration
In a single 5-minute period, the average person will divide their time between working on a task, checking email, chatting with a few people, and monitoring their smartphone, causing stress and lowering productivity.
8. Better Writing Skills
The cadence, fluidity, and writing styles of other authors will invariably influence your own work, and this goes hand-in-hand with the expansion of your vocabulary.
Reading spiritual texts has been shown to help people suffering from mood disorders and mild mental illnesses. Self-help books have also been shown to help people suffering from mood disorders and mild mental illnesses.
10. Free Entertainment
You can visit your local library for low-budget entertainment and bask in the glory of the countless tomes available there for free; most libraries have their books available in PDF or ePub format, so you can read them on your e-reader, iPad, or computer screen.
What are the 5 benefits of reading books?
The Advantages of Reading Books
- Reading Helps You Sleep Better.
- Reading Sets an Example for Kids. Reading is a way to escape your own life and can transport you to faraway lands, other times, and put you in other people’s shoes.
- Reading Keeps Your Brain Healthy.
- Reading Reduces Stress.
- Reading Helps You Sleep Better.
What are the 10 benefits of reading?
10 Advantages of Reading
- Children who read frequently and widely improve their reading skills.
- Reading exercises our brain.
- Reading improves concentration.
- Reading teaches children about the world around them.
- Reading improves vocabulary and language skills.
What are the 7 benefits of reading?
The following are seven significant advantages of reading aloud to children:
- Develops a stronger vocabulary.
- Provides enjoyment.
- Increases attention span.
- Strengthens cognition.
- Provides a safe way to explore strong emotions.
- Promotes bonding.
How long should I read a day?
Give them time to read. Reading is a skill that takes time to develop, just like many other skills. A beginning reader should spend at least 20 minutes a day reading to or with someone, with books that are relatively easy for them to read.
Does reading increase IQ?
Reading increases your crystallized intelligence by adding to that storehouse; in fact, increased emphasis on critical reading and writing skills in schools may explain why students today perform about 20 points higher on IQ tests than they did in the early twentieth century.
What is the main aim of reading?
If you don’t know anything about a subject, reading is like pouring water into your hand; if you don’t know anything about a subject, reading is like pouring water into your hand.
What are the benefits of reading 20 minutes a day chart?
The advantages of reading 20 minutes a day are numerous and well worth the effort. Make reading 20 minutes a day a priority to improve test scores, expand vocabulary, develop empathy for others, reduce stress, and improve sleep.
Does reading improve memory?
Reading can help you improve your memory and concentration while also relieving stress, as brain-stimulating activities such as reading have been shown to slow cognitive decline in old age in people who engaged in more mentally stimulating activities throughout their lives.
What are the disadvantages of reading?
Reading Books Has Its Drawbacks
- Consume Time. Oh, man, I wish I could fix this.
- Require Will Power. This isn’t really a disadvantage of reading books
- it’s a requirement.
- Burn Money Quickly.
- Eat Up Storage.
- People Call You A Nerd.
- Cause Infocrastination.
- Make You Unhealthy.
What are the benefits of silent reading?
Silent reading improves comprehension by allowing students to focus on reading rather than pronunciation; it also allows children to read faster and improve comprehension; and it helps develop reading skills for a purpose because the focus is on understanding the content.
What’s the 5 hour rule?
The five-hour rule is a method for constant and deliberate learning first proposed by Benjamin Franklin, which entails spending one hour a day or five hours a week learning, reflecting, and experimenting. Reading is only the beginning of learning.
How many hours does Bill Gates read per day?
‘On vacation, I get to read about 3 hours a day,’ says Bill Gates, adding that this strategy is “key to my learning.”
Is reading too much bad for you?
Reading is a beneficial activity, but reading too much can kill your brain’s productivity, especially if no new meanings are created; you won’t get much benefit from reading if you don’t do any deeper processing. | <urn:uuid:6af4cade-a6a0-48f6-925c-dc1cff428510> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kssct.org/question-answer/often-asked-what-are-the-benefits-to-reading-books.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.922954 | 1,354 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Last week, the news was all abuzz about some comments made by Dr. Regina M. Benjamin, the current surgeon general of the U.S., at a Bronner Bros. International Hair Show. Dr. Benjamin – a black woman – took the opportunity to call out women who would rather preserve their ‘do than sweat off some calories.
“Oftentimes you get women saying, ‘I can’t exercise today because I don’t want to sweat my hair back or get my hair wet,’ ” Dr. Benjamin said in an interview as reported by the New York Times. “When you’re starting to exercise, you look for reasons not to, and sometimes the hair is one of those reasons.”
Subsequently, lines were drawn in the media and on social networks with some saying that Dr. Benjamin crossed a line and was unfairly calling out black women. Others praised the surgeon general; citing statistics of black women’s obesity and a cultural preoccupation with hair (see Chris Rock’s Good Hair).
I get it. If the only thing between you and a healthier life is a concern that you might sweat out your perm, then you need to try something new and get busy. It’s almost never that simple, however. As Dr. Pamela Peeke, an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Maryland and a spokeswoman for the American College of Sports Medicine told the New York Times, hair is just one of many obstacles to getting fit which include family, children, and work.
Women who exercise often (and have the physique to prove it) still pay attention to their hair no matter their race. Not everyone can just wash-and-go or pick up any old ratchet gym hairdryer and come out looking put together. If you’re an active black woman, you’ve probably tried binding your hair in braids and twists, wrapping it in a scarf/bandana, layering on headbands (my preferred method), or timing your workouts with your hair maintenance schedule. I can tell you from experience that going natural (chemical-free) is not a fool-proof solution as natural hair often requires as much or more upkeep than relaxed strands.
Despite what some might think, personal experience tells me black women’s attitude toward working out and its relationship to their hair isn’t just about frivolity and excuses. When I was in middle school, we had an indoor pool on campus and swimming was built into the phys-ed curriculum. Several weeks each year were devoted to swimming in the middle of the school day. Thankfully, the powers that be knew enough to schedule most swim periods right before lunch and kids had some flexibility when it came to getting dry and dressed — not for me though. Because I was in advanced courses, my lunch came later. Instead I had algebra during that period and I was late every single day the we had to swim during gym. It took me much longer to make sure my hair was dry and at least presentable in a ponytail. I couldn’t be ashy either and I was sure to rinse my bathing suit too because that’s the way I was taught at home. Being one of the only students of color in my advanced level math class, I couldn’t help but notice that the other (white) kids would make it with plenty of time to spare, sitting in class with wet hair down their backs, as I disrupted another lesson in-progress. While opting out of swimming would have put me in class on time and spared me the wrath of my unsympathetic teacher, I would have failed gym – an offense that could’ve sent me to summer school. I certainly had plenty of friends who chose to sit out on swimming and they had the support of their parents who thought that kind of activity was too much for the middle of the day. I’m inclined to agree, and as an adult I save my workouts until the end of the day and try not to plan anything afterward.
I don’t want to beat up on Dr. Benjamin because not only is she our nation’s leading medical authority, but obesity is at epidemic proportions in the black community and a hair show was probably a pretty good forum for discussing hair and health. And I’ll be honest; I have skipped the gym once or twice because I’d just dropped a stack of bills on a fresh blowout but my hairstyle never keeps me away from the treadmill for long. I just wish Dr. Benjamin would’ve teamed up with some of the super star stylists and product-makers that frequent Bronner Bros. to come up with recommended protective styles, pomades, sprays, accessories, etc. for active women who care about their appearance. Wouldn’t that have been a nice collaborative and solution-based way to tackle the issue instead of implying that vanity and laziness are keeping us fat?
Last 5 posts by Nakia D. Hansen
- The Steubenville Rape Case is Closed, But What About Sexual Assault in College? - March 18th, 2013
- Hey President Obama, Where's My Free Birth Control? - March 6th, 2013
- The 'War on Women' Continues, and Here's How - February 6th, 2013
- 'Scandal': Why You DON'T Want Olivia and Fitz's Love - December 14th, 2012
- F' Your Fertility Threats, I'll Get Pregnant When I Want - December 13th, 2012 | <urn:uuid:1cdf3cd0-79e1-4e1f-a10c-3fd125cc8cc5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://parlourmagazine.com/2011/08/black-hair-exercise-fat-practical-haircare/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.977461 | 1,150 | 1.703125 | 2 |
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Related content articles stated by viewers on the web page: | <urn:uuid:eaec2222-062f-40fd-a7f9-dfe1e0a6a177> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nymagazine.info/social-video-marketing-use-online-video-media-in-promoting-your-business/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.946583 | 1,129 | 1.5 | 2 |
Solved Problems taken from: http://course.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/~erg2310/
Courtesy of Prof. Chun-Kit CHAN Problem 1
A sinusoidally modulated ordinary AM waveform is shown below.
(a) Determine the modulation index. (b) Calculate the transmission efficiency.
(c) Determine the amplitude of the carrier which must be added to attain a modulation index of 0.3.
where Psig is the power carried by the sidebands and Pt is the total power of the AM signal.
(a) Find μ for AM modulation index ma=0.5.
(b) Show that for a single-tone AM, μmax is 33.3% at ma =1.
The output signal from an AM modulator is:
s(t) = 5cos(1800π t) + 20cos (2000π t) + 5cos (2200π t)
(a) Determine the modulation index.
(b) Determine the ratio of the power in the sidebands to the power in the carrier.
Assume that the transmitter circuitry limits the modulated output signal to a certain peak voltage value, say X volts. By employing this transmitter, show that the sideband power of a DSB-SC signal with a peak voltage of X is four times that of an AM (DSB-LC) signal having the same peak voltage and 100% modulation index, and is half that of a SSB-SC signal having the same peak voltage.
A single-tone modulating wave m(t) =Amcos(2π fmt) is used to generate the VSB modulated wave:
s(t)=α AmAccos[2π (fc + fm) t] + AmAc(1-α)cos[2π (fc - fm) t], where α is a constant (α ≤ 1), Ac is the amplitude of carrier, and fc is the frequency of carrier.
(a) Express s(t) in the form of I(t)cos(2πfc t)+ Q(t)sin(2πfc t), where I(t) and
Q(t) are called the in-phase and quadrature components.
(b) What is the value of the constant α for which s(t) reduces to a DSB-SC modulated wave?
A radio receiver used in the AM system is shown below. The mixer translates the carrier frequency fc to a fixed IF of 455kHz by using a local oscillator of frequency fLO. The broadcast-band frequencies range from 540kHz to 1600kHz.
(a) Determine the range of tuning that must be provided in the local oscillator (i) when fLO is higher than fc (superheterodyne receiver) and (ii) when fLO is lower than fc.
(b) Based on the results obtained in (a), explain why the usual AM radio receiver uses a superheterodyne system.
A particular version of AM stereo uses quadrature multiplexing.
Specifically, the carrier Accos(2π fc t) is used to modulate the sum signal
m1(t) = Vo + mL(t) + mR(t) where Vo is a DC offset included for the purpose of transmitting the carrier component, mL(t) is the left-hand audio signal, and
mR(t) is the right-hand audio signal. The quadrature carrier Acsin(2π fc t) is used to modulate the difference signal m2(t) = mL(t) - mR(t)
(a) Show that an envelope detector may be used to recover the sum mL(t) +
mR(t) from the quadrature-multiplexed signal. How would you minimize the signal distortion produced by the envelope detector?
(b) Show that a synchronous/coherent detector can recover the difference signal, mL(t) -mR(t) .
A normalized sinusoidal signal a(t) has a bandwidth of 5,000 Hz and its average power is 0.5W. The carrier Acos2πfct has an average power of 50W. Determine the bandwidth and the average power of the modulated signal if the following analog modulation scheme is employed:
(a) single-side band modulation with suppressed carrier modulation (SSB-SC), which is generated by phase-shift method with the given carrier ; (b) double-side band with suppressed carrier modulation (DSB-SC) ;
(c) AM or double-side band with large carrier (DSB-LC) with a modulation index of 0.8.
Consider the following circuit:
(i) An upper-sideband single-sideband (SSB) can be generated by feeding a message signal m(t) into the input port of the above circuit. This is known as phase-shifted method for SSB signal generation. Determine the modulated signal s(t) at the output port.
(b)(i) and retrieve the message signal m(t). Prove and verify your modified circuit as an upper-sideband SSB signal demodulator.
Consider the following circuit with an input signal, v(t), an amplifier with
gain K, a sinusoidal carrier signal at ωc, and two nonlinear devices:
(a) Express the output signal s(t) in terms of v(t), A, K, cos (ωct), a and b.
(b) Determine the choice of the gain K so that the above circuit performs as a DSB-SC modulator without output filtering. | <urn:uuid:8daba7ff-14a7-4d98-be8a-4bead3e85bb6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://1library.net/document/qvggwggq-am-solved-problems.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.857541 | 1,237 | 3.21875 | 3 |
Dubai: Saudi Arabia said on Monday that public cinemas would be allowed in the kingdom for the first time in over 35 years, and that the first ones were likely to open next March.
Cinemas were banned in the early 1980s under pressure from hardliners as Saudi society turned towards a restrictive form of the religion that discouraged public entertainment and many forms of mixing between men and women.
Under reforms led by 32-year-old Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, the government is easing many of those restrictions, and also plans to lift a ban on women driving next year.
It says the economy, hit hard by low oil prices, will benefit from the growth of an entertainment industry. "Opening cinemas will act as a catalyst for economic growth and diversification," said Minister of Culture and Information Awwad bin Saleh Alawwad.
"By developing the broader cultural sector we will create new employment and training opportunities, as well as enriching the Kingdom’s entertainment options."
By 2030, Saudi Arabia is expected to open over 300 cinemas with more than 2,000 screens, a government statement said, predicting the cinema industry would contribute over 90 billion riyals ($24 billion) to the economy and create 30,000 permanent jobs by 2030.
Regional cinema chain operators are already believed to be studying entry into Saudi Arabia, industry sources said. A commission chaired by Alawwad will announce details of licencing and regulations over the next few weeks, the government said. | <urn:uuid:3e84b3dc-dba9-49b3-882b-0c55ce72d659> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://timesofoman.com/article/48557-saudi-arabia-to-open-cinemas-for-first-time-in-35-years | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.969748 | 307 | 1.828125 | 2 |
ERIC Number: ED038221
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1970-Feb
Reference Count: 0
The Minority Experience -- A Basic Bibliography of American Ethnic Studies.
Caselli, Ron, Comp.; And Others
Approximately 950 books and periodicals published between 1940 and 1969 are cited in this bibliography prepared for teachers and students of American minority ethnic groups. Afro Americans, Mexican Americans, and Native Americans are the 3 groups specifically covered in the bibliography. The titles dealing with each minority group reflect concern for many areas of inquiry. Specific areas of concern are sociology, economics, and psychology. Most citations have been included to provide a historical approach to current problems. (DK)
Publication Type: N/A
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: Sonoma County Superintendent of Schools, Santa Rosa, CA. | <urn:uuid:53a88283-fd66-4a69-9e4e-077b5fab399e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED038221 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00481-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.8874 | 178 | 2.140625 | 2 |
This is a guest post by Jason Falls, coauthor of the book No Bullshit Social Media: The All-Business, No-Hype Guide to Social Media Marketing and CEO of Social Media Explorer, an education and information products company focused on digital and social media marketing.
Anonymous comments are often the bane of every community manager's existence. Even the website editorial staffs for major newspapers — perhaps the biggest perpetrators of allowing anonymity online — hate the fact that random people can leave random anything on their websites.
Gannett, one of the largest publishers of newspapers and media properties in the world, introduced article comments in 2006, and according to social media director Jodi Gersh, the company's dismay with comments has grown. Now the media giant is pushing toward holding commentors accountable for their words.
"The level of conversation on stories turned into a place for racial slurs, name bashing and other negative behaviors," Gersh said. "We worked tirelessly to resolve the issue, however the problem remained. We began to notice on the same articles shared on Facebook, comments left there were more positive and raised the level of conversation around our content."
Gersh reports that Gannett is piloting Facebook Comments — using the social network's commenting system as a website's native feedback function, thus tying the comment to the individual's Facebook profile — on four Gannett news websites. She says the company has been "pleased with the results" and has seen increased civility in comment threads, along with increased participation from local public figures and other news sources.
You clean up the neighborhood, and people treat it with more respect, right?
But what happened to the typical journalistic argument that anonymity was some sort of right?
"This is not a First Amendment issue," declared Jeffrey Weiss, a writer who has participated on online news sites that range from mainstream media sites like the Dallas Morning News to online-only news sites including Politics Daily and Real Clear Religion. "The First Amendment outlaws government restriction on speech. What I want to restrict in my living room or on my website has nothing to do with that."
"There may be some name calling on a particularly controversial topic, but as the person who's in charge of the site I reserve the right to delete anything that's profane or otherwise beyond the bounds of decency," he explained. "I think regulars to sites get to know the other posters and eventually comment back and forth. If it's a personal attack on someone in the news or another commenter, I try to police that by giving a warning and/or deleting the comment."
Rick Redding, who runs the politics-heavy local issue site Louisvilleky.com, supports anonymous commenting, saying it often begets better comments.
Redding also says he thinks the nastiness of anonymous comments is dwindling. Regardless, more and more traditional media sites are moving to the moderated or full disclosure approaches.
WKYT, a Lexington, Kentucky, based television station with an active comment community on its digital property, allows anonymous commenting, but with a layer of station moderation. Tim Coles, the station's digital sales manager, said people don't come to the site specifically to comment, but then react to the news of the day, which can sometimes produce emotional responses.
Protecting readers or viewers who don't wish to be publicly identified is important, he says, because more people feel free to chime in. Site visitors have the option to connect via Facebook and tie themselves to the comment. Coles says about 50 percent of users do.
The moderation, though time and labor intensive, helps keep the conversation decorum at a comfortable level for the station. He says as long as the station's human resources can keep up with the volume of comments, they will allow anonymity.
"The reason that many media sites are moving to eliminate anonymous comments and/or requiring moderation at some level is simple: Total freedom resulted in a level of ‘conversation' at sharp odds with the tone the site wanted to maintain," Weiss said.
So the trend is at least moving away from anonymity without some level of filtering. And it's a good thing because the courts are beginning to show clear signs of agreement that pure anonymity without limitations is not wise.
Atlanta-based executive Paul Syiek won a substantial defamation case against a former employee who posted accusations against him on an anonymous bulletin board on TheRipOffReport.com. The post accused Syiek of several things, including violations of U.S. Department of Labor regulations. Since the accusations were able to be proven false in court, the poster committed libel against Syiek.
The ruling was for a shade under $200,000. For one post. By one person. On one site.
"A good rule of thumb is whether or not the accusation is ‘verifiably false,'" Syiek's attorney, Luke Lantta of the Bryan Cave law firm said. "There is a constitutional right to anonymity on the Internet, up to a point. When you cross that line from protected speech to that which is truly harmful, there's a good opportunity to hold you accountable for what you posted."
Lantta also warns potential commentors that there's no such thing as true anonymity. He reports uncovering several anonymous poster identities in work with his clients over the years. In Georgia alone, 2011 has seen three cases of anonymous posters brought to court and fined in excess of $100,000.
The saving grace for companies and their IT or social media decision makers is that the website hosting the offending comments is not typically in the path of litigation. According to Lantta, Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act provides immunity to websites that host user-generated content. The websites can't be held liable for the post, but they can be compelled to reveal information about the poster.
Lantta says we're really only at the beginning of the courts policing anonymous commenting on websites. "It's a growing trend," he confirmed. "There are more judgments and cases filed over the last few years than all the previous years. | <urn:uuid:0d019754-b831-4ea6-a550-09c29f224e7b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/career-management/the-case-of-anonymity-in-social-media/?count=50&view=collapsed | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720026.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00456-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96238 | 1,251 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Compare and contrast samples
Comparison between The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins and Battle Royale by Koushun Takami. Reflective compare/contrast Explain similarities and differences between books (and possibly between audiences) Introduction to controversy Explain summaries of both Battle Royale and Hunger Games Compare similarities between the two Compare differences.
These 101 compare and contrast essay topics provide teachers and students with great and fun ideas for compare/contrast essays.The Comparison paragraph compares two subjects and discusses how they are alike and lists a few examples. In the contrast paragraph, two subjects are discussed as how.Compare-Contrast Essay In my town, soccer and football.
Compare and contrast essay is a type of essay that is meant to compare any two items and/or contrast them, i.e. analyze them critically finding and pointing out. Students from all over have come to look for the most effective ways on how to write a compare and contrast essay, in order to make this daunting task more Dogs vs Cats Comparison. This.
How to Write a Compare and Contrast Essay Six Parts:Laying the Groundwork Formulating Your Argument Organizing Your Essay Putting It All Together Sample Body Paragraphs Sample Essay Outline The purpose of a compare and contrast essay is to analyze the differences and/or the similarities of two distinct subjects. A good compare/contrast essay.
This handout will help you first to determine whether a particular assignment is asking for comparison/contrast and then to generate a list of similarities and differences, decide which similarities and differences to focus on, and organize your paper so that it will be clear and effective. It will also explain how you can (and why you should).
Apples and oranges. All you need do in writing a compare and contrast essay is take two subjects and show their similarities and their differences. When writing a compare and contrast essay, the basic essay form of title, introduction, three paragraph body, and conclusion makes it one of the easiest essays to write. Before you begin writing.
This essay describes what qualities frog and toad share. Let’s find out comparing and contrasting points between these two amphibians using a table first. “There are many different terms which are used to for computers. These terms denote the size, use or competence of computers. Broadly speaking the word “computer” can be applied to almost any.
Does my instructor want me to compare AND contrast, or am I only being asked to do one of those things? Some instructors prefer that you only write about the differences between two things, while others want you to focus on explaining the similarities as well. Either way, you ll need to make sure that your thesis statement reflects your instructor.
Between all of the academic essays, the compare and contrast essay writing requires a thorough understanding of your subject the most. In writing these essays, besides knowing the similarities and differences of the objects compared, you should be able to gauge how similar or different they are. There are some signal words that can be seen in this. | <urn:uuid:060942aa-7a4d-4888-9119-0fe986595ac8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://essayrate.com/compare-and-contrast-samples/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.925872 | 619 | 3.015625 | 3 |
United States electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS) test-bed project : system requirements specification
Ocel, Carolyn K
Scott, David J.
MetadataShow full item record
In 1989 the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) adopted a provisional performance Standard for ECDIS (MSC/Circ. 515). This standard defines an electronic chart display and information system (ECDIS) that is the legal equivalent of a paper chart, and that fulfills the requirement imposed on all vessels (reg. V /20 of SOLAS 1974) to carry up-to-date nautical charts covering intended voyages. The U.S. Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) Test-Bed Project responds to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) call to member states to evaluate its Provisional Performance Standards for ECDIS. The central objective of the ECDIS Test-Bed Project is to assemble an experimental ECDIS unit that meets or exceeds the IMO standard, for evaluation on ships at sea. The first part of the project focussed on translating the IMO Provisional Performance Standard into an ECDIS system requirement specification, describing in an engineering context what an ECDIS must do to meet the standard. This task began with a document written by Mr. Mortimer Rogoff, of Digital Directions Co., and was carried to full detail and documentation by Ms. Carolyn K. Ocel and Mr. David J. Scott, of Intergraph Corporation. Their work was reviewed by members of the Consultative Group, the advisory body to our Project. The result of this process is contained in this report. Details of this ECDIS System Requirement Specification (SRS) will no doubt be disputed as ambiguities, inherent contradictions, and the different priorities of various interested parties become manifest. This is an expected part of the standard setting process and we welcome it
Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject. | <urn:uuid:7756f022-360b-4a4a-9128-277037f61163> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/handle/1912/962 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00559-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.864966 | 408 | 1.59375 | 2 |
By KEN MORITSUGU, BEIJING (AP): More than 1,700 Chinese medical workers have been infected by the new virus that has killed nearly 1,400 people and spread to other parts of Asia and as far as the U.S. and Europe, a senior Chinese official announced Friday.
Six of the workers have died, Zeng Yixin, vice director of the National Health Commission, said at a news conference.
The health commission is “highly concerned about this issue” and has issued guidelines for the prevention and control of infection within medical institutions, he said.
Medical workers account for about 3.8% of confirmed cases as of three days ago, Zeng said.
The commission also reported another sizable rise in the number of infections as a result of a new way of counting adopted by Hubei province, the hardest-hit area.
Confirmed cases in mainland China rose to 63,851 by the end of Thursday, up 5,090 from the previous day. The death toll rose 121 to 1,380.
Hubei province is now including cases based on a physician’s diagnosis before they have been confirmed by lab tests. Of the 5,090 new cases, 3,095 fell into that category.
The acceleration in the number of cases does not necessarily represent a sudden surge in new infections of the virus that causes COVID-19 as much as the revised methodology.
The health commission has said that the change was aimed at identifying suspected cases so they can be treated more quickly, though experts also saw it as a reflection of the crush of people seeking treatment and the struggle to keep up with a backlog of untested samples in Hubei and its capital, Wuhan, where the disease first surfaced in December.
In Taiwan, about 100 family members of people stuck in Hubei province protested outside Taiwan’s Mainland Affairs Council headquarters in the capital, Taipei.
About 1,000 Taiwanese hoping to fly home on charter flights have sparked a dispute between their government and China.
One flight brought 247 people back on Feb. 4. Three were not on a passenger list that Taiwan gave to Chinese authorities and one tested positive for the virus, Taiwan’s Central News Agency has reported.
Taiwan’s Mainland Affairs Council wants China to step up quarantine work and reach agreements with Taiwan on the names of people on priority lists for flights.
China’s Taiwan Affairs Office accused Taiwan on Wednesday of “using all kinds of excuses to obstruct and delay” flights. China sees self-ruled Taiwan as part of its territory rather than an independent state.
“We don’t want to politicize it, we want charter flights,” said protester Chung Chin-ming, chairman of the Chinese Cross-Strait Marriage Coordination Association in Taipei.
Elsewhere, Japan confirmed seven more cases, a day after it reported its first death from the virus. Japan now has 258 confirmed cases, including 218 from a cruise ship, the Diamond Princess, that has been quarantined in Yokohama.
Health officials allowed 11 elderly passengers to leave the ship on Friday after they tested negative for the virus. They are the first group of dozens of older passengers expected to get off the vessel before their 14-day quarantine period ends on Feb. 19 to reduce risks of their health deteriorating.
Japanese Health Minister Katsunobu Kato on Thursday said passengers age 80 or older with chronic health issues or in cabins without windows that can open will be able to leave the ship if they pass the virus test.
More than 580 cases have been confirmed outside mainland China and three deaths, one each in the Philippines and Hong Kong and now a Japanese woman in her 80s. Health officials are investigating how she got infected.
In an unprecedented attempt to contain the disease, the Chinese government has placed the hardest-hit cities — home to more than 60 million — under lockdown. People are restricted from entering or leaving the cities, and in many places can only leave their homes or residential complexes for shopping and other daily needs.
Associated Press writers Ralph Jennings in Taipei, Taiwan, and Mari Yamaguchi in Tokyo contributed to this report.
Comment here !
By DAVID KLEPPER, WASHINGTON (AP):- After Russia invaded Ukraine last February, the European Union moved to block RT and Sputnik,
PINGTUNG, Taiwan (AP):- Taiwan’s foreign minister said Tuesday that China aims to control the East and South China Seas via
AIPEI,, (AFP):- Taiwan blasted its “evil neighbour” on Friday after China encircled the island with a series of huge military
By MARI YAMAGUCHI, TOKYO (AP):- U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi said Friday that China will not isolate Taiwan by preventing | <urn:uuid:3cb1b964-e9e1-4877-b9d9-2a2b43b70e71> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nepal24hours.com/virus-infects-more-than-1700-health-workers-in-china-6-die/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.95673 | 1,013 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Japan, a technology platform
Air Liquide established in Japan in 1907, barely five years after the creation of the Group. Over the years, this country has become a cornerstone for the Group in Asia, thanks largely to a strong presence in high technologies. Air Liquide now employs 2,400 employees in Japan, serving more than 15,000 customers.
A diverse market driven by technological innovation
Air Liquide offers a comprehensive range of industrial gases in Japan. The majority of our customers produce high-added-value products with a technology content for strong markets such as the automotive, electronics and energy industries. To benefit from the powerful innovation capability of Japan, Air Liquide has based its Electronics World Business Line in the country, as well as a Research and Technology center in Tsukuba (near Tokyo) and an Engineering center near Kobé. Air Liquide is also present on the healthcare market by delivering medical gases to hospitals.
Significant progress in hydrogen energy
At the end of 2013, Air Liquide Japan and Toyota Tsusho Corporation signed a partnership agreement for a hydrogen supply business for fuel cell electric vehicles in Japan. The new JV created under the terms of this agreement will build two hydrogen filling stations to supply hydrogen for future fuel cell electric vehicles. Intended for public use, these stations will be operational in 2014 to be ready when fuel cell vehicles are expected to reach the consumer market in 2015/2017.
"Japan has a very high level of capability in technological innovation. Its historic presence in this country means that Air Liquide is well positioned to develop new markets here."
Etienne Lepoutre, CEO Air Liquide Japan
Listen to the interview with Etienne Lepoutre, CEO Air Liquide Japan. | <urn:uuid:31a4cdf7-3c05-48c7-8c9d-7a14e12cce41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.interactions.airliquide.com/eng/june-2014/geographies-145/?lang=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.920549 | 351 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Far-infrared saunas produce similar health benefits without the steam
By Kristen Miller
Traditional steam saunas have been around for thousands of years, first appearing in Finland. Today, with new technology, far-infrared saunas are gaining popularity.
Far-infrared saunas use invisible light waves on the electromagnetic spectrum which don’t need steam in order to produce health benefits similar to those of a traditional sauna.
Far-infrared waves are absorbed into the body, raising the body’s temperature, but not the surrounding area, according to Mark Raisanen from Sauntec, a local manufacturer of both traditional and far-infrared saunas.
Raisanen explained there is similar benefits to using both types of saunas, including:
• detoxifying the body of heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides, and other chemicals, through a deep sweat;
• relaxing muscles and soothing aches and pains in muscles and joints;
• relieving stress and inducing a more relaxing and restful sleep;
• cleansing skin by removing oils under the skin, leaving cleaner pores;
• providing cardiovascular benefits similar to a two-mile jog;
• comforting effects through heat therapy;
• burning 200 to 300 calories per 20- to 30-minute session without stress on muscles and joints. Some companies will claim burning 500 to 800 calories per session, which Raisanen calls a “farce,” due to the fact there is no scientific research to back the claim.
According to Raisanen, the similarities between far-infrared and traditional saunas outweighs the differences between the two, and there is a market for both.
“Both are great for you, and people can find the one that’s best for them, with the heat they like,” he said.
The advantage of a traditional sauna is in flexibility; allowing the user to adjust the air from hot and dry to cool and wet depending on mood or the benefits one is trying to obtain.
With traditional saunas, steam provides respiratory benefits and gives the option of aromatherapy.
The steam has the ability to fight colds by relieving congestion.
“The traditional sauna is better, but the infrared helps as well,” Raisanen said.
Also with traditional saunas, there are more custom options.
“If you can dream it, we can build it,” Raisanen said.
Far-infrared saunas, are ready quickly since there is no heat-up time as the panels heat the body directly, not the air.
This is another advantage for some. Though the air does get warm, it’s a lower temperature and there is no humidity, making it easier to breathe for some.
Typically, the air in an infrared sauna is 30 to 40 degrees cooler than in a traditional sauna.
The standard temperature in a traditional sauna is 160 to 170 degrees, whereas the temperature in a far-infrared sauna is usually between 120 and 130 degrees, according to Raisanen.
Far-infrared saunas are also great for spot treatment of muscles and joints, he said. The panels provide more direct heat therapy.
A person is able to get just as deep of a sweat in the infrared sauna as the traditional, therefore benefiting from the same detoxifying and burning of calories.
“Sweat is said to be the best moisturizer for your body,” Raisanen said, referring to the effect of steam in producing healthier skin.
To receive the maximum benefits, Raisanen says, the more use, the better. On average, a person will use their sauna two to three times a week. More avid users, like himself, will use it every day, Raisanen said.
“We say both styles will make you feel better, look better, and sleep better,” he said.
Also unique to the far-infrared units is the use of color therapy. All units are equipped with the option of color-changing lights, which are known to have psychological and therapeutic effects.
The six colors include red, yellow, green, turquoise, blue, and violet.
According to Healthstart Life Products, red, which has a cheering effect, is recommended for treatment of impeded circulation, muscles and heart; yellow stimulates clarity of intellect and toxin processing and elimination; green calms the body and helps reduce swelling of joints and tissue; turquoise is the color for mental relaxation; blue has a calming effect, which is said to be helpful in treating sleep disorders, headaches, and cramps; and violet promotes awareness, consciousness, proper functioning of the lymphatic system, and neutralizes emotions.
All of Saunatec’s infrared saunas come equipped with a compact disc player, and some with a DVD player, as well.
There is an easier installation with far-infrared as well. It just plugs in, as opposed to the traditional sauna, which needs to be hard-wired, according to Raisanen.
The cost of electricity for the far-infrared sauna is about $2 to $5 a month for smaller rooms; larger rooms range from $4 to $6 a month, Raisanen estimated.
Unlike a traditional, the far-infrared should remain indoors in northern climates because the infrared heat is not strong enough to overcome the outside air temperatures, Raisanen explained.
In a cost comparison, far-infrared is 10 to 20 percent less costly than traditional saunas of the same size, according to Raisanen.
For a two person unit, far-infrared saunas range from $2,500 to $2,700 whereas a traditional sauna starts at $2,999.
Additional expenses with a traditional is in the heater, waterproofing, and the number of benches used.
For more information about traditional saunas or far-infrared saunas, check out www.finnleo.com, stop by Saunatec, which has a showroom; or call them for the nearest dealer at (320) 286-5584. | <urn:uuid:ec5da5b1-bb41-4811-acc4-847fcf4285f9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.herald-journal.com/archives/2008/stories/sauna.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00246-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933514 | 1,294 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Are you concerned about a child’s attendance?- If you believe that a child may be missing school, the Attendance and Wellbeing Service (AWS) needs to know.
A child missing from education is a child between 5-16 years of age who is not on a school register and has been identified as having been without an educational provision for more than 4 weeks and is not being educated at home. Children who are on roll at a school but not attending do not meet the definition of a Child Missing Education. This however will be an attendance concern. Please refer to ‘Absences during term time | Rhondda Cynon Taf County Borough Council (rctcbc.gov.uk)’ for more information on these issues.
You need to contact us straight away if you:
- have noticed a child who does not appear to be attending school regularly
- believe that a child is not receiving any education
- have any concerns about children who have gone missing from your area or neighbourhood.
You do not need to give your personal details but if you do all information will be treated with the utmost confidentiality.
What happens next?
By reporting your concern to us you are ensuring the safety and well-being of some of the most vulnerable youngsters within our community.
The AWS have arrangements in place to help identify and trace as far as it is possible any children missing from education in the area, once identified the AWS will make contact with the relevant agencies to work to support the children and families in accessing the appropriate education as quickly as possible. | <urn:uuid:2b8fe422-5e97-4b6b-ac98-8a5d4b17a739> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rctcbc.gov.uk/EN/Resident/SchoolsandLearning/Schoolattendance/ChildrenMissingfromEducation.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.96835 | 321 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Tamerin crowned as 10th Miss Earth SA
Tamerin Jardine was crowned as the 10th Miss Earth South Africa at a gala dinner at Montecasino in Johannesburg. Jardine whom recently turned 25 has been a part of extensive environmental, sustainability and conservation projects over the past eight months.
Tamerin is flanked by her team of green ambassadors who placed in the top four, they are, Marina Nicolaidis of Bedfordview, Chanel Davids from South of Johannesburg and Aurelia Nxumalo of KwaZulu Natal. The 2012 Green Project of the year went to Western Cape greeny Lara Potgieter, Pretoria beauty Charlotte Clark and the Free State's Bloem representative, Annchen Richter.
The organization plated its 20 000th tree earlier this week in Diepsloot and boast many amazing achievements. Jardine was one of the finalists who also travelled to Zambia as part of this leadership programme to plant trees as part of a reforestation initiative, was part of food security projects and energy efficiency campaigns. The newly crowned winner believes that she has stood up against what is right and morally ethical when it comes to not only conservation and environmental protection but the state of our schools, educational system and the recycling infrastructures in communities.
Ten years of environmental advocacy has seen the Miss Earth South Africa in association with Consol as an initiative and leadership programme for South African women between the ages of 18 and 26 years. It's a platform that is used to empower these young women with the necessary knowledge and opportunities to become environmental eco-warriors, encouraging them to go out and make a sustainable environmental impact on their communities and the public at large. Finalists and winners receive hands-on experience through being involved in several green campaigns and projects. The initiative currently works with over 120 schools nationwide. Much of the work is focused on greening of townships, food gardens, sustainable development and educational programmes around the country. | <urn:uuid:1fc7490c-becf-4be1-aac4-a00a40b9c622> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.krugerpark.co.za/kruger-park-news-tamerin-crowned-miss-earth-sa-25605.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00390-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965187 | 407 | 1.695313 | 2 |
The A to Z of India
Besorgung - Lieferbarkeit unbestimmt
BeschreibungThe Republic of India is the second most populous, the seventh largest by geographical area, and has the fourth largest economy in terms of purchasing power parity in the world. While it has always been an important country, it has often been neglected. Of late, however, there has been much talk of the "new" India, one with greater economic dynamism, a more active foreign policy, and the emergence of a huge middle class. The A to Z of India illustrates the rapidly evolving situation without neglecting the country's ancient past. The chronology has been brought up to date, the introduction expanded, and the bibliography includes numerous new titles.
PortraitSurjit Mansingh recently retired as professor of International Politics at the School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, and teaches part-time at the American University.
Untertitel: Sprache: Englisch.
Verlag: SCARECROW PRESS INC
Erscheinungsdatum: April 2010
Seitenanzahl: 833 Seiten | <urn:uuid:1b85faf2-8e80-4a4d-a333-f249fe69fe7b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://m.ebook.de/de/product/11445507/surjit_mansingh_the_a_to_z_of_india.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00002-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.823676 | 247 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Sir David R. Hawkins, M.D., Ph.D., a nationally renowned psychiatrist, physician, and researcher, is the author of the bestseller Power vs. Force. He discovered that when you harbor negative thoughts — such as complaints, accusations, or hatred — toward others, you reduce your energy level and carry a low vibration frequency.
Vibration frequency is often referred to as a magnetic field. Dr. Hawkins believes many people get sick because they lack compassion, love, and tolerance. As a result, they are often miserable and depressed, and prone to physical diseases.
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Positive energy level from positive thoughts
Studies have shown that the vibration frequency ranges between 1 and 1,000, with one being the lowest and 1,000 being the highest. So far, the highest vibration frequency Dr. Hawkins has encountered was 700. When a person has a powerful frequency, their presence can affect the magnetic field over a wide area.
From a medical point of view, Dr. Hawkins believes that thoughts are powerful and significantly impact human health. Therefore, positive and optimistic thoughts combined with a loving heart are indispensable elements for good health.
Negative energy level
Dr. Hawkins investigated tens of thousands of cases globally, and the results were always the same: As long as a person’s vibration frequency is below 200, that person will be sick.
High-frequency thoughts — such as compassion, love, tolerance, and gentleness — carry a frequency of between 400 and 500.
Conversely, anger, blame, resentment, jealousy, and selfishness carry a shallow vibration frequency that can cause cancer, heart disease, and many other illnesses.
Secrets to longevity
Interestingly enough, diet and exercises are not the most critical factors to longevity. Dr. Elizabeth Blackburn, a 2009 Nobel laureate in physiology, summed up the elements for longevity: If you want to live for more than 100 years, a sensible diet accounts for 25 percent, other factors 25 percent, while psychological balance accounts for 50 percent. To be a centenarian, the following points are worth considering:
Good mood vs bad mood
If you are restless all day and your mind is filled with anger, tension, greed, and evil thoughts, your body will produce stress hormones that damage your immune system.
Psychologists have found that your body can produce enough stress hormones to kill a mouse when you are outraged. However, your brain secretes dopamine and other beneficial hormones when you are happy. There is a shared trait among centenarians — they all have joyful hearts.
Goal setting can stimulate the vitality of life
When people don’t have a goal in life, death often becomes their final goal, and their mental health suffers. Maintaining a positive attitude and striving to find ways to achieve a goal will stimulate brain cells and prevent early aging.
Cultivating compassion and doing good deeds
Psychiatric experts say that doing good deeds fills your heart with joy, suppressing stress hormones and increasing the production of beneficial hormones.
A harmonious relationship with family members is another way to prevent the release of stress hormones. At the same time, when your emotional needs are met, you will feel joyful.
Kindness begets kindness
Many psychiatrists believe that giving from a kind heart is the prevention and cure for depression. | <urn:uuid:5c92a7f8-8348-49df-9716-3e90d3fdb3f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nspirement.com/2022/06/05/your-thoughts-can-affect-health.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.935311 | 692 | 2.34375 | 2 |
DEAR DR. FOX: I recently inherited a 15-year-old active and healthy Himalayan cat. She has always had a thin area of fur on the base of her tail, under her belly and between her legs.
After we got her, it got worse. She is never allowed outside and neither she nor my other cat have fleas. I took her to an allergy vet, who suggested I put her on Atopica. I don't know if I could administer the kind made for cats without her choking, so she gets a very small amount of the kind for dogs, since she's only 7 1/2 pounds.
Without expensive testing, we have concluded it is environmental. My husband is in the nursery business, and our yard is full of blooming trees and plants, which he brings into the house on his person. Atopica has worked well except for about a month in the summer when she gets a little breakout on the base of her tail.
Do you have any suggestions as an alternative? I am concerned about long-term side effects. I've been told if I take her off of Atopica, her condition could become much worse than it was before. I'd hate to have a Himalayan cat with no fur. -- D.E., Lake Worth, Florida
DEAR D.E.: The active ingredient in Atopica is an immune system-modulating drug, cyclosporine, which has proven beneficial for cats and dogs suffering from dermatitis or skin problems that are termed "atopic" because the exact cause has not been identified and corrected -- such as a flea-bite hypersensitivity or food allergy.
I believe that many cases of atopic dermatitis have a food ingredient genesis, and as I have posted in my columns and on my website, many pet food manufacturers continue to be negligent in providing accurate ingredient labeling. Pork or chicken, for example, could be in a cat food that indicates on the label that rabbit is the sole animal protein ingredient. Other ingredients such as rice (especially from brewer's grains), soy and corn, all of which have no place in cat foods, could be the dermatitis or inflammatory bowel disease trigger.
Many veterinarians are finding that animals with skin problems get rapid relief and recovery when provided omega-3 fatty acid supplements, such as in canned sardines in water, wild salmon and fish oil for cats. Add the supplement to the cat's food, beginning with just a drop. For cats allergic to fish (which can also cause dermatitis), there is a source of omega-3 fatty acids in capsule form from algae.
Try out this kind of supplement and also my home-prepared cat food recipe (DrFoxVet.com). After four to six weeks, see how your old cat responds when the dose of Atopica is reduced, ideally under the eye of your cat's veterinarian.
MORE PET FOOD AND TREAT RECALLS
-- BRAVO RAW FOOD RECALLS: On Sept. 26, 2014, Bravo of Manchester, Connecticut, announced that it is recalling select lots of Bravo Turkey and Chicken pet foods for dogs and cats because they have the potential to be contaminated with salmonella.
The recalled product was distributed nationwide beginning on Nov. 14, 2013. More information on the Bravo recall can be found at bravopetfoods.com or by calling 866-922-9222.
-- JAKKS PACIFIC KONG AUSSIE STICKS RECALL: On Sept. 25, 2014, JAKKS Pacific of Walnut, California, announced a recall of its Kong Aussie Sticks dog treats due to possible contamination with mold.
The recalled product was sold only at PetSmart. You may contact JAKKS Pacific at 877-875-2557. Kong can be reached at 303-216-2626.
(Send all mail to email@example.com or to Dr. Michael Fox in care of Universal Uclick, 1130 Walnut St., Kansas City, MO 64106. The volume of mail received prohibits personal replies, but questions and comments of general interest will be discussed in future columns.
Visit Dr. Fox's website at DrFoxVet.com.) | <urn:uuid:85502681-b299-49e5-865b-aa848c674433> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.uexpress.com/pets/animal-doctor/2014/10/27 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.955538 | 873 | 2 | 2 |
Counting breadfruit trees from outer space
The Pacific Regional Breadfruit Initiative (P.R.B.I.) has taken another step and this time it’s up in space.
Papali’i Dr. Tusi Avegalio, Director of the Pacific Business Center Programme at the University of Hawaiʻi, Mānoa, told Samoa Observer a Hawaiian student from Kapiolani Community College, Mervin Tano, has been accepted by the 2017 N.A.S.A. Summer Research Experience for Tribal College Undergraduates.
“This N.A.S.A. Experimential Learning Opportunity programme is hosted at Haskell Native American University, Lawrence, Kansas,” he said.
“Interns to the N.A.S.A. funded project, students undergo intensive training in climate science, geospatial applications for science research, and are required to develop and complete a research project to fulfill their program requirements.”
Papali’i told the Samoa Observer that Mervin’s project will take the Pacific Business Center Program (P.B.C.P.), titled the ‘Pacific Regional Breadfruit Initiative’ (P.R.B.I.), to a higher level.
“This P.R.B.I. project is based on the seminal work of Dr. Diane Ragone, Director of the Breadfruit Institute, National Tropical Botanical Garden in Kauai.”
He said P.R.B.I. points to significant agricultural and economic development opportunities in Hawaii and greater Oceania.
“The Pacific Regional Breadfruit Initiative is funded by the U.S. Department of the Interior Office of Insular Affairs (O.I.A.).”
The project had a particular challenge regarding counting or obtaining an accurate inventory of trees in Hawaii and the U.S. Pacific Territories spread out over 3 million square miles of ocean.
“An area from Hawaii to Saipan in the north to far west Pacific, down to Palau in the south west Pacific, through the Federated States of Micronesian and Republic of the Marshall Islands covering the mid Pacific and to American Samoa in the south Pacific."
“A total land area comparable in size to the continental United States."
“Even local colleges and government departments of agriculture did not have accurate or updated inventories of breadfruit trees for their respective island or archipelago to formulate an estimate or projections essential for industry development and manufacturing feasibility for both local and regional economic development."
“What at first was considered an insurmountable challenge, has now become an exciting opportunity to expand and utilize remote imaging technological tools led by a young Hawaiian college student supported by an equally amazing program that has inspired and trained indigenous Native American students since the inception of the N.A.S.A. component seven years ago.”
He said that Merv’s N.A.S.A. experiential project will focus on breadfruit identification and differentiation from surrounding vegetation utilizing remotely sensed multiple band satellite imagery.
“These satellites’ take in light, break it into discrete spectral components called wavelengths and utilizing different band combinations can spectrally analyze phenomena occurring on earth’s surface."
“These technologies are the industry standard for applications of remotely sensed data, and are at the core of N.A.S.A.’s strategic mission, to study earth from space."
“Merv’s project will have broader agricultural, economic, food security, climate change, rising tides and disaster preparedness applications utilizing the most current cutting edge technology brought together through Kiksapa’s partnership with N.A.S.A."
“For example, Merv will be introduced to the various remote sensing techniques to determine if breadfruit can be detected using remotely sensed data at varying spatial and temporal scales."
“If this proves successful, he will expand the scope of his work to conduct regional and island by island count of standing trees and general phenology analysis." “Remote sensing capacities will include species identification, soils analysis, health conditions, moisture and organic content of the soils, climate conditions and sea level rise information and data to name a few,” Dr Tusi told Samoa Observer.
Merv will be field supervised over the 2017 summer/fall project period by P.R.B.I. partners in Hawaii to conduct satellite G.I.S. analysis.
“All three are members of the Global Breadfruit Heritage Council (G.B.H.C.) that advocates for responsible agricultural practices that are sustainable through the weave of traditional wisdom and cultural knowledge with modern science and technology."
“Where feasible, additional students, farmers and/or volunteers from Hawaii, U.S. Territories and Oceania will be recruited as active participants.” Papali’i said the major goal of the project is to present the findings at the N.A.S.A. program at the 2017 Samoa ‘Home of the Ma’afala’ Pacific and Global Summit in Apia, Samoa in October.
“Workshops and student interactions where feasible in Hawaii and Pacific will be organized to compliment project strategies with results from remote sensing technology to be shared at the summit and disseminated through UH media.” | <urn:uuid:00725226-22fa-4262-b787-70ca7582779e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.samoaobserver.ws/category/article/13371 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.900616 | 1,112 | 2.609375 | 3 |
This study is provided by ICPSR. ICPSR provides leadership and training in data access, curation, and methods of analysis for a diverse and expanding social science research community.
ABC News Angry Voter Poll, April 1992 (ICPSR 9942)
Principal Investigator(s): ABC News
In addition to providing an ongoing evaluation of the Bush presidency and the 1992 presidential candidates and campaign, this survey addressed areas of potential discontent among the nation's voters. Respondents were asked to describe their feelings about the way the federal government worked, to express their approval of term limits for members of Congress and to indicate whether they agreed with a series of statements such as "It won't really make much of a difference who's elected this year," and "People like me don't have any say about what government does." Respondents also rated their level of confidence in the ability of government to solve problems and indicated whether their confidence level reflected the difficulty of the problems or the incompetency of the government. Respondents were also asked whether the elected leaders in Washington were really interested in solving the nation's biggest problems, whether the overall level of ethics and honesty in politics had fallen during the past ten years, and whether they thought that government was run by a few big interests looking out for themselves. In addition, respondents were queried on whether they thought that the current system of government needed drastic changes, or that the system itself was good but the people in government were not doing their jobs well enough. Background information on respondents includes political alignment, voter registration status, education, age, Hispanic origin, race, and sex.
One or more data files in this study are set up in a non-standard format, such as card image format. Users may need help converting these files before they can be used for analysis.
Data in this collection are available only to users at ICPSR member institutions. Please log in so we can determine if you are with a member institution and have access to these data files.
ABC News. ABC NEWS ANGRY VOTER POLL, APRIL 1992. Radnor, PA: Chilton Research Services [producer], 1992. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2007-04-02. http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR09942.v1
Persistent URL: http://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR09942.v1
Scope of Study
Subject Terms: Bush, George H.W., government performance, presidential campaigns, presidential candidates, presidential performance, political ethics, public approval, public confidence, public opinion, United States Congress, voter attitudes, voters
Geographic Coverage: United States
Date of Collection:
Universe: Adults aged 18 and over living in households with telephones in the 48 contiguous United States.
Data Types: survey data
Data Collection Notes:
A weight variable with three implied decimal places has been included and must be used with any analysis.
Sample: Households were selected by random digit dialing. Within households, the respondent selected was the adult living in the household who last had a birthday and who was at home at the time of the interview.
Original ICPSR Release: 1993-05-13
- 2007-04-02 SAS, SPSS, and Stata setup files have been added to this data collection.
- Citations exports are provided above.
Export Study-level metadata (does not include variable-level metadata)
If you're looking for collection-level metadata rather than an individual metadata record, please visit our Metadata Records page. | <urn:uuid:c8375a31-8793-4c5c-99f2-2dea675cd631> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/ICPSR/series/1/studies/9942?permit%5B0%5D=AVAILABLE&dataFormat%5B0%5D=STATA&paging.startRow=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00067-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946716 | 751 | 2.109375 | 2 |
“Ddrescue” is command-line based (easy to use) data recover tool for the GNU/Linux platform, that lets you recover data from devices such optical discs Hard disk drives. If your default file copy tool gives you read-errors and cannot copy files, then “Ddrescue” might be able to help you out.
But please be aware that, depending on the size of the damage (say that you have a disc with lots of scratches etc), it might or might not be able to fully recover the data. But one advantages of using such a tool is that, it lets you “skip” the sectors with read-errors and copy the rest of the file.
This however, is not always useful while recovering highly sensitive data (such as a software utility for instance), as in those cases, there shouldn’t be any corrupted data whatsoever.
But, for other file types such as videos for example, lacking few sectors (data) wouldn’t hurt at all (most of the time). Though you will have few glitches while playing those sectors, but assuming the damage is small, then it should be watchable. But, it’s impossible with the file copy tool that comes with your OS, as it just stops copying the file as soon as a read-error is detected.
Now, I have this somewhat, troublesome video disk with few bad sectors and decided to put it to the test using “Ddrescue”, in Ubuntu :). Did it recover it? Not completely (it failed to read few sectors and skipped few Megabytes as a result), and the video even lacked few minutes in the middle. Still, I was able to watch it, where it was impossible before (other than manually skipping those frames in “mplayer”).
But, if your media is not heavily damaged, then who knows, “Ddrescue” might even be able to recover data completely.
Few main features …
*. Supports both fixed disks (such as Hard disk drives and partitions) and optical discs.
*. Attempts to read the discs, even if they’re not mountable.
*. Copy the whole partition/disc into a disc image or, you can recover individual files as well.
*. “Resuming” is supported: if you cancel the data recovery process at one point, then the next time you try to recover the same file, “Ddrescue” will resume from that last position!, saving both time and hassle (a lot of it :D).
*. As you can see from the above screenshot, it outputs some info while recovering such as: rescued data (in “Kilobytes”), amount of errors, size of the total errors, current and average read speed etc.
*. You can change the buffer-size, direct device access, enable/disable data “filling” (unless you enable this feature, it won’t fill bad sectors with “zero bytes” and only marks them as bad-sectors), maximum amount of read-attempts and few other options which are intended towards advanced users.
You can install “Ddrescue” in Ubuntu 12.04 Precise Pangolin, 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot, 11.04, 10.10 and 10.04 (already has a package for 12.10 too) by using the below command in your Terminal window.
sudo apt-get install gddrescue
Few simple examples …
The basic usage of “ddrescue” is as follows.
ddrescue input-file-path output-file-path logfile
But to clear few things, let me give you an example.
Say that I have an optical disc mounted as “my_disc” (by default in the “/media” folder) and need to recover a file called “my_video.mp4” inside it. Then to attempt a recovery with “ddrescue” and to save it in my Home folder, I’ll use the below command in the Terminal window.
ddrescue /media/my_disc/my_video.mp4 /home/gayan/recovered_video.mp4 logfile
You can cancel the rescuing process anytime by pressing the “Ctrl” + “c” keys. And if you want to resume later, then make sure to always use the “logfile” argument, as shown.
If you’re trying to recover a partition on a HDD, USB etc, then make sure to mount it with read-only permissions.
It has an excellently written manual which explains a lot (changing the “buffer-size”, maximum error count etc) and I highly recommend that you read it. For that, use the below command.
Though it won’t always work out, but if you’re looking for an easy to use data recovery tool that you can use in Ubuntu (or GNU/Linux), then “Ddrescues” is a pretty powerful tool that will come in handy at times. Good luck. | <urn:uuid:bf69bb47-7a8c-4e1f-a8be-ec5688b1c42c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hecticgeek.com/2012/05/ddrescue-data-recovery-tool-ubuntu-linux/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00465-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929739 | 1,096 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Equusite.com > Ground Manners > Teaching a Horse to Relax While Leading
Teaching a Horse to Relax While Leading
WRITTEN BY: Cheryl Sutor [August 9, 2000]
I have a 2 year old Appaloosa gelding. My problem is that whenever I am leading him around the farm, he holds his head up very high. This is usually to check out his surroundings and to search and call to other horses. How can I teach him to walk relaxed and normal with his head lower?
The solution to your question is very simple. You need to teach your horse to lower his head on cue. When a horse is relaxed, his head is low. When a horse is afraid or anxious, his head and neck are high and erect. When the horse lowers his head, his spine becomes loose and relaxed, all the way down to the dock of his tail.
If we ask a horse to lower his head when he is frightened or anxious, it will be an automatic "relaxer" for him. When you begin teaching your horse to do this, start in a calm environment without distractions. Once he has mastered this cue in a calm environment, you can then begin introducing a few small distractions while you are asking for him to lower his head.
I haved seen many horses who acted the same way as your horse. Calm and relaxed in their stall and barn aisle, but the instant they're led outside of the barn. Reacting by holding their heads straight up in the air, and enlarging their eyes to examine everything in their path. This became quite annoying, so I taught them to lower their head on cue. The instant I ask for a lower head, the spine loosens and muscles relax. Within seconds of lowering the head, the horse's attitude changes from frightened and anxious to relaxed and trusting.
Once he can follow your cues when there are a few small distractions, you can begin to increase the distractions after that, making sure that he responds 100% consistently to your requests before moving on to the next level of distraction.
For example, if your horse is usually very calm and relaxed in his stall, start the lessons there. Once he has mastered them in a calm, quiet stall, add commotion outside of the stall by asking people to walk past with their horses, etc. Once he can work well with those small distractions, work on teaching him to lower his head on cue in the barn aisle when there is little distractions, and then when there are slightly more distractions. Work your way up until he will respond to your request to lower his head while you are in the indoor arena, outside the barn, walking past strange surroundings, etc.
Teaching a Horse to Lower his Head on Cue:
To teach your horse to lower his head on cue, you will need only a halter and lead-rope (no chains please!). A rope halter is recommended, but any standard nylon or leather halter will do.
Stand at your horse's side and place your hand about 2 inches from the snap on the lead-rope. Apply about 1 pound of pressure downwards. Make sure that the pressure you apply is applied straight down towards the ground. If your pressure is not applied straight down, the horse may think you are asking him to walk forward or back up.
The most important part of teaching this cue is to hold the same amount of pressure on the lead rope downwards until the horse responds correctly by lowering his head. If he lowers his head 1/8th of an inch, it is good enough for a release (reward).
The instant your horse shows any effort to lower his head, reward him by releasing the pressure on the rope and petting him softly on the neck. Do not pat your horse! Instead, stroke his neck gently to show him that he gave you the correct answer.
If your horse raises his head while you have placed pressure downwards on the lead-rope, do not release the pressure! Keep holding the same amount of pressure on the lead rope until he lowers his head slightly.
Wait about 5 seconds, then ask him to lower his head again. Repeat this exercise until he lowers his head within 1 second of you requesting him to. Once he responds quickly 100% of the time, repeat it 50 times more. You want to really drill this into him and make it almost instinct for him to lower his head when he feels pressure on his halter.
Then, introduce a small distraction while you are working with him, such as other horses walking by you, or barn animals walking past, loud kids walking down the barn aisle, etc. When you introduce a new distraction, and increase the level of excitement, you can expect him to forget that he even learned the cue in the first place. Start from scratch and ask him to lower his head as if you have never taught the cue to him before.
With each new level of excitement and distraction, your horse will be going through a new emotional battle. This is one battle that he needs to go through in order to learn to listen to you 100% of the time and in every situation you present him with. Each time a new level of distraction is introduced to your horse, his performance will initially decrease for several minutes, and then increase back to normal. You will know when he has learned the cue 100% consistently when you can walk anywhere around the farm and past any distraction you wish with his head lowered.
If your horse only lowers his head 1/2 an inch each time you ask him to lower his head, give him a small release after each 1/2 inch that he lowers his head, then immediately ask for him to lower his head again until his head is at a desirable height.
One thing to keep in mind is: DON'T try to hold your horse's head down! By trying to muscle your horse's head down, you will only be teaching him the opposite of what he should be learning from this lesson. You should never put more than 1 pound of pressure on the lead rope at any time while teaching this cue. The reason you should keep the pressure light, is because you want your horse to respond to light cues. You do not want to have to muscle your horse into doing anything...as this is very tiring for you, and neither you, nor the horse enjoys it.
Lowering the horse's head comes in handy in many situations other than leading. For example, have you ever tried to trim your horse's bridle-path while he is holding his head up high? This cue is perfect for asking him to keep his head at a level where you don't have to stand on your tippy toes (or on a ladder)! Once you have taught this cue to your horse, he will be a wonderful leading companion, and will have much more obedience than before!
Click here to read or post comments on this article | <urn:uuid:04dfb387-1b94-4d41-ac4f-eef6d0f696ae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.equusite.com/articles/ground/groundLeadingRelaxed.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00047-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982014 | 1,410 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Everyone has a rather different idea of financial freedom. Freedom may mean not working on a daily basis for that twice-a-month wage for a few. For others, it is living the chosen lifestyle they want. For another few, financial freedom implies the capability to spend anytime, anywhere without having a second thought. With that said, personal satisfaction is definitely the true sense of financial freedom.
Earning a huge amount of money that will establish them up for life is how one in five People in the usa believed they will certainly “strike it rich” eventually. Truthfully and sadly speaking, the possibilities are 1 out of 18 million. Basically because instant wealth isn't a reliable approach to financial freedom to start with, the realistic alternative is two fold: eliminate the debt and create wealth. A precise measure of self-control and tolerance is needed to attain both goals. To get out of the mundane and in to the exceptional, follow these tips for achieving financial freedom.
A. Save for your very own retirement immediately.
Take advantage of your 401K benefit and don't stop contributing should you get a job. There is insurmountable power when it comes to compounded interest in addition to savings taken out from your paycheck before you see it is immediate and reliable savings. Determine ways to raise your retirement contributions by lowering your budget and starting small.
B. The priciest line item in any budget is the mortgage loan.
Fit your home to your existing lifestyle. Area and features which are not being used must not be paid for. Upsizing your overall financial picture may mean downsizing your living space. While it may take many years to pay off a mortgage loan, those who are able to live home loan free will accrue wealth at a considerably higher rate. For extra income to pay off the mortgage speedily, consider renting out any unused room or making an income property in your downstairs room.
C. Be wholly committed day-to-day.
The daily shopping habits of many Americans is what sets them in the red. Make sure you go to the store with a list, purchase what exactly is on the list. Zero in on finding items that are on sale, considering ahead and purchasing off season. Shopping as a hobby or leisurely activity should really be avoided. Consider selling old stuff to pay for brand-new ones and comparison-shop to stop your impulsive buying. A standard American home has enough unused “stuff” to come up with approximately $10,000 in the on-line marketplace as outlined by a statistic compiled by EBay.
D. Improve your attitude
Do not think of saving money as a general requirement but as an fulfillment. It’ll certainly not last and you'll always be hungry if you treat saving like dieting. Every bill paid creates future potential, the less living expenses you have, the greater potential it brings.
It is never too late to begin doing the little things now that could make a big difference afterwards, especially that the current economic depression is affecting almost everyone. You don’t really need a finance college diploma to cut down on your own monthly bills. The smartest thing to do is to always contribute a much more to the retirement account and take a look at saving as an opportunity.
Financial consultants are being conferred by people to let them know what they must do with their cash. You could easily educate yourself and your family about the finance world with information and facts and tools on the net. Take control of your financial future and pave the approach to self reliant financial freedom by using mortgage payment calculators, per month budget apps, all the technology all around you.
About the Author:
Martha Moore is a real estate investor from the city of Los Angeles, CA. She migrated in LA from Tennessee in 1998 then got hired into a real estate brokerage firm. Learned the ropes behind the industry and before she knows it, she's investing in real estate herself! She's also a loving wife and a mommy to a dachshund named duchess. She believes that having financial freedom is ones key to early retirement and monetary success! | <urn:uuid:d3d0bdb1-66e0-4628-8fc6-bbd3ca09128d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://real-estate-investing.ning.com/profiles/blogs/take-these-little-steps-for-a-big-leap-towards-financial-freedom | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.961295 | 844 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Celebrating over 50 years of sharing history, DuSable Museum of African American History is the nation's first independent museum dedicated to the collection, preservation and study of the history and culture of Africans and Americans of African descent. Exhibits, concerts, films, children's events and literary discussions are just a few of the institution's various programs offered. Hours: Tuesday - Saturday. 10am- 5pm; Sunday. 12pm- 5pm: Admission: $10 Adults; $7 Students and Seniors; $ 3 Children ages 6 through 13; Children under the age of 5 are admitted free. Sundays are FREE to all (with the exception of MLK Day). Permanent Exhibitions: "Red, White, Blue & Black: A History of Blacks in the Armed Forces"; "A Slow Walk to Greatness: The Harold Washington Story" "Africa Speaks"; and The Ames Mural.
Special Events 2013:
Kwanzaa Candle-lighting - December 26 - 31, 2013
King Day Celebration - January 20, 2014
DuSable Day Celebration - March 3, 2014
A Night of 100 Stars - April 05, 2014
Arts and Crafts Festival - July 12 & 13, 2014 | <urn:uuid:3b94ef1d-164a-45b8-bb7e-0f266f826ceb> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.choosechicago.com/listing/dusable-museum-of-african-american-history/37415/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721278.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00147-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933669 | 250 | 2.4375 | 2 |
An ectopic pregnancy is a pregnancy which occurs where it should not. The most common location is within the fallopian tube, but ectopic pregnancies have been reported on the ovary, on the bowel, and even on the aorta! Unfortunately, an ectopic pregnancy cannot be replaced into the correct location (the uterus), and thus it must be treated appropriately to avoid potentially serious harm to the patient.
Sometimes ectopic pregnancies can be definitely diagnosed by ultrasound. Many times, however, the diagnosis of an ectopic pregnancy may not be definitive – but there may be enough concern based on ultrasound, bloodwork, and patient symptoms that a patient will still be treated for a presumptive ectopic pregnancy.
If an ectopic pregnancy is caught early, medication (i.e. methotrexate) may be given to resolve the pregnancy. Methotrexate is given as an intramuscular injection by a nurse. Though 1 dose is frequently enough, sometimes a 2nd dose may be required. The medication can cause gastrointestinal symptoms (i.e. pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea). Also, monitoring of bloodwork is still necessary to make sure that the ectopic pregnancy is treated appropriately. The earlier the ectopic is discovered or presumed, the greater the likelihood of success using medical treatment.
If the ectopic pregnancy is caught later, if the methotrexate has been given and has not worked, or if the patient prefers, a surgery can be performed to remove the ectopic pregnancy from the fallopian tube. Sometimes the fallopian tube may need to be removed with the ectopic pregnancy, and other times the ectopic may be removed by itself, leaving the fallopian tube in place. Typically, this is done via a laparoscopy, though occasionally a larger incision may be required if the patient is having serious internal bleeding.
The risk of a future ectopic pregnancy is generally increased in someone who has already experienced an ectopic pregnancy. Your provider can give you a better estimate of risk in your particular scenario. In the worst case scenario, ectopic pregnancy can cause severe blood loss and even death. However, because of the early pregnancy monitoring which is available these days – and with the advancement of medicine and surgery – this is a rare outcome in this day and age.Tweet | <urn:uuid:a34dd9be-df83-4e5c-84e7-0a6dab057c08> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fertilitysanantonio.com/ectopic-pregnancy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.932981 | 468 | 2.625 | 3 |
If you’re a fan of the wonder gadget, Macbook pro, this write-up is going to help you by providing you some suggestions regarding how to get a macbook pro segunda mano.
A macbook pro will be the supreme computing gadget that you might encounter. This one-of-a-kind pc visits you from Apple Inc. There are many hi-tech computers readily available for the typical PC user. Nevertheless, one cannot find other PC that is much more effective and cost effective as a Macintosh computer, much more so a macbook. While you will find a number of unmatched features lined in place for the typical PC users choosing a macbook, there’s a particular hitch too. These concerns the hefty price related to a macbook. Thinking about this particular, in case you believe a macbook is well above the finances of yours, you are able to certainly expect a shock as you continue reading. A totally free macbook pro awaits all of those who could go the distance. In order to place it just, almost all you have to accomplish is following a distinctive marketing scheme called incentive industry program. This would guarantee a totally free macbook as also an entire selection of other interesting devices for the users.
A totally free macbook pro is a wonder gadget, to point out probably the least. It is packaged with outstanding computing technology from Apple, its manufacturer. In addition to an 18.5 inch TFT display, a prolonged memory space combined with an integrated Nvidia graphics card to hasten the PC operation of yours, a macbook comes across as the best companion of yours. To make this extremely effective gadget your personal and that too without investing a single dollar from the pocket of yours, all you have to accomplish is adhere to a couple of easy steps. A couple of quick tips in this regard might truly are available in handy.
Take care while picking out a “freebie”. Freebies are sites that promote ads of different products or maybe products by way of a promotional scheme identified as incentive industry program. In case you chance in a freebie website while surfing the online world, the very first thing you’ll see is a startling offer out of the advertiser. | <urn:uuid:5edb5fd4-b564-462d-91bf-6ef1d194eb8b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.votep2.us/2021/02/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.947529 | 453 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Fish & Wildlife - Region 1
Wednesday, February 17, 2016
The Trust for Public Land, City of Whitefish, F.H. Stoltze Land & Lumber, and Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks today announced that they have recorded a conservation easement on 3,020 acres owned by F.H. Stoltze Land & Lumber Company in the Haskill Creek watershed east of Whitefish. Closing this deal means that the land will be permanently protected to support local timber jobs and important fish and wildlife habitat, while also providing the City of Whitefish with the majority of their water supply and the public with continued opportunities for close-to-home outdoor recreation.
The conservation easement cost $16.7 million and was conveyed by The Trust for Public Land to Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks and the City of Whitefish. The easement means the land will continue to be owned and managed by Stoltze, and will never be converted to other residential or commercial uses in the future.
“This is truly a remarkable achievement and a win-win for everyone,” said Dick Dolan of The Trust for Public Land. “Almost 5 square miles of beautiful forestland will be preserved forever in the backyard of Whitefish, and remain part of the vital local timber economy. It is a perfect fit for our ‘Land for People’ mission, and we were proud to secure generous support for the project from the Wilburforce Foundation, Cinnabar Foundation, and several other local individuals.”
“F. H. Stoltze Land & Lumber Company has long wanted to formalize an agreement with the City of Whitefish to protect the municipal watershed, intakes, and water system located on their private forest lands. The Haskill Basin conservation easement was the perfect tool to accomplish this project,” said Chuck Roady, Vice President and General Manager of Stoltze. “The Stoltze family will still retain the ownership of the land and the management of their timberlands, while providing permanent recreational access, water for the City of Whitefish, and a continuous supply of wood to their local milling facility.”
"After nearly five years of hard work and perseverance, I am just thrilled to see this monumental project close,” said John Muhlfeld, Whitefish City Mayor. ”I owe a debt of gratitude to the good folks in Whitefish who realized the historic significance and importance of this project by overwhelmingly voting to approve 7.7 million dollars in local funding. It is a legacy project that will give back to the Whitefish community for generations to come."
“This is a great example of industry, conservation and government organizations working together for the benefit of Montana’s wildlife and outdoor recreation enthusiasts,” said Alan Wood, Science Program Manager, with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. “Thanks to the support from our federal funding partners, Stoltze and the City of Whitefish, these lands will remain a valuable part of the local economy, a home for fish and wildlife, and a treasured recreational resource for generations to come.”
The $16.7 million necessary to pay for the easement came from a variety of sources, including the City of Whitefish and two federal programs - the U.S. Forest Service’s Forest Legacy Program and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service’s Habitat Conservation Plan Land Acquisition Program. F.H. Stoltze Land & Lumber Company also generously agreed to sell the conservation easement at a significant discount below the appraised value.
The Forest Legacy Program provides matching grants to states to protect important and threatened forests. It is funded by the Land and Water Conservation Fund (LWCF), which is financed by federal revenues from energy companies drilling for oil and gas in public waters offshore. The Fish and Wildlife Service Habitat Conservation Plan Land Acquisition Program helps to reduce potential for conflicts between species conservation and other land uses and is also funded by the Land and Water Conservation Fund.
Montana’s Congressional delegation has consistently and unanimously provided essential support for federal funding for this project and other important conservation work in the Whitefish area. Senators Jon Tester and Steve Daines, both members of the subcommittee overseeing natural resource appropriations, successfully advocated in Congress and with the Administration to maximize LWCF funds for the easement. Congressman Ryan Zinke, a Whitefish native elected to Congress after Haskill Basin was funded, has joined his colleagues in supporting federal conservation spending here and elsewhere.
“Haskill Basin has been a treasured landscape for Whitefish,” said Heidi Van Everen, Executive Director of Whitefish Legacy Partners. “The area provides a wonderful connection to the special places worth protecting surrounding Whitefish and ensures important habitat, municipal water supply, and viewsheds will remain unchanged for future generations. Permanently protecting these lands will provide the Whitefish community a new gateway to recreation.”
Founded in 1972, The Trust for Public Land is the leading nonprofit working to conserve land for people. Operating from more than 30 offices nationwide, The Trust for Public Land has protected more than three million acres from the inner city to the wilderness and helped generate more than $60 billion in public funds for conservation. Millions of people live within a ten-minute walk of a Trust for Public Land park, garden, or natural area, and millions more visit these sites every year. Learn more at tpl.org (http://www.tpl.org/) | <urn:uuid:bac2f347-fba1-4efd-98eb-3f082e34da5b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://fwp.mt.gov/news/newsReleases/fishAndWildlife/nr_0811.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00498-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936995 | 1,138 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Four times in his letters Paul incorporates the compound verb exagorazō — twice in Galatians and once each in Ephesians and Colossians. In his letter to the Christians in Galatia Paul used the verb to describe what the impact of the Messiah’s life and death upon “us,” i.e. those under curse (3:13), and upon those “under law” (4:5). However, in Ephesians 5:16 and Colossians 4:5 (the verb is in the middle voice in these two contexts)the subject involved in the action are believers and the object is in both cases the word kairos, meaning time or opportune time. It is rendered in both of these instances in the NIV (2011) as “making the most of every opportunity.” In the Galatians context, however, this verb has the sense of “redeem.” The subject is the Messiah or the Son of God and the action expressed by the verb is applied to people in certain circumstances.
The simple form of the verb agorazein occurs 30x in the New Testament. With the Gospels the writers employ it to describe the activity of buying or purchasing food (Matthew 14:15; Mark 6:36-37; Luke 9:13; John 4:8; 6:5; 13:29), property (Matthew 13:44,46; 27:7; Luke 14:18), oil for lamps (Matthew 25:9-10) animals (Luke 14:19), weapons (Luke 22:36), burial materials (Mark 15:46; 16:1). “Buying and selling” are normal aspects of human activity (Luke 17:28). Jesus expels those “buying and selling” in the temple (Matthew 21:12; Mark 11:15). “Because the time is short” Paul urges believers to adopt specific attitudes, one of which is that “those who buy something” should live “as if it were not theirs to keep; those who use the things of the world, as if not engrossed in them” (1 Corinthians 7:29-31). Similar usage occurs in Revelation, where people buy gold (Revelation 3:18) and cargoes of precious commodities (Revelation 18:11). In Revelation 13:11 people need the “mark of the beast” in order to buy and sell. This use of agorazein in all of these contexts is straightforward. The price in once instance (e.g. Mark 6:36 “two hundred denarii worth of bread”) is expressed in the genitive case.
In six contexts, however, the act of buying is attributed to God (in four cases the passive form of the verb is used (1 Corinthians 6:20; 7:23; Revelation 14:3,4) and the active occurs in two contexts (2 Peter 2:1; Revelation 5:9)) and people in various senses are the commodity purchased. In 1 Corinthians 6:20 Paul warns Christians at Corinth that sexual promiscuity is not appropriate behaviour for two reasons. First, the Holy Spirit is resident within them and this makes their bodies “temples of the Holy Spirit.” Secondly, they “have been bought (ēgorasthēte)for a price,” i.e. they have become God’s slaves. He owns their bodies and this gives their bodies a new status in God’s eschatological purposes. How they use their bodies should add to God’s reputation. Paul returns to this same concept in 1 Corinthians 7:23 where he affirms “you have been bought (ēgorasthēte) for a price.” Apart from word order, the expressions are the same and Paul in 1 Corinthians 7:17-23 describes fundamental transformations that Christians experience in their salvation. Those who in society are slaves become “freedmen of the Lord” and those who have the social status of freedmen become “slaves of the Messiah.” The metaphor used here in the first instance relates to slaves whose freedom was purchased by another. This created certain obligations that they had to provide for the patron who had paid for their freedom so long as the patron lived. Such obligations in Roman law were regulated by the judicial system. In the second instance the purchase of the freedman (in Roman law this could be because of indebtedness, for example) made him the slave of the patron who had purchased him. Paul argues that social status for believers takes second place to their new relationship in Christ, who now “owns” by right of purchase all believers.
In Revelation 5:9 the four living creatures and the twenty-four elders sing praises to the “slain lamb” because “with your blood you purchased ( ēgorasas) [people] for God.” In this case the purchase price explicitly is “blood of the Messiah,” a clear reference to the sacrifice of the Messiah on the cross. In some fashion this death, this blood, becomes the currency used to make people God’s possession. Such are the individuals who people God’s heaven. Several chapters later the writer describes the 144,000 who learn to “sing a new song before the throne” as “those who have been bought (ēgorasmenoi (perfect passive participle)) from the earth (14:3)….these have been bought (ēgorasthēsan) from human beings a first fruit offering for God and for the lamb.” I have provided my own translation to emphasize the repetition of this verb in these two verses. The use of the passive voice in both contexts begs the question of the price/currency or agency employed to complete the purchase. If the language of 5:9 is any indication, again we should understand that “the blood of the lamb” was the currency employed.
Finally, there is the text in 2 Peter 2:1 which introduces people who “deny the sovereign Lord who bought them (agorasanta),” i.e. false prophets who face imminent destruction. Here, as in Revelation 5:9 the active voice is used with “the sovereign Lord (despotēn)” as the subject. A despotēs is a person who has authority and control over people, often with connotations of ownership, i.e. slaves. In this case the “owner” probably is Jesus Messiah.
Paul used the simple form of this verb in 1 Corinthians 6-7, but when he comes to Galatians 3-4, he chose the compound form exagorazein. In 3:13 Paul declares that “Messiah (Christ) has purchased ( exēgorasen) us from the curse of the law” and in 4:6 God sent his son “in order that he might purchase (exagorasēi) those under law.” Although the subject of the second example may be God or the Messiah, his son, Paul identifies the Messiah explicitly as the subject in the first instance. Further, in the second example, the context has just discussed how human beings, regardless of status, become sons of God. Throughout his argument Paul has affirmed that all people are “under curse, under law, under sin.” God’s new action in the Messiah has purchased people of faith away from these powers that formerly controlled them. God chooses in this new relationship not to treat those he has purchased as a slaves, but elevates them to the position of “adopted sons” (Galatians 4:7).
Why did Paul choose to use the compound form of this verb in Galatians? Does it carry a different nuance than that expressed by the simple form agorazein? When the preposition ek is attached as a prefix to verbs it often adds the connotation of ‘out’ or ‘from’ and in the case of this verb it might suggest ideas such as “buy back” or “purchase from.” As well, the preposition may suggest an intensification of the verbal action, i.e. buy completely. These ideas lead to translations such as “redeem,” i.e. buy back, from slavery or from captivity in war. Whether with Deissmann (Light from the East) we should regard the practice of sacral manumission as the background for this language or, as Lyonnet and Sabourin (Sin, Redemption and Sacrifice)argue, the language of purchase and acquisition used in the Old Testament to describe God’s possession of Israel, remains debated. However, we should note, as Lyonnet and Sabourin make clear, that the verbs agorazein and exagorazein do not occur in the inscriptions found related to sacral manumission. Further exagorazein only occurs infrequently prior to Paul’s usage in Galatians with the senses “buy from, buy up or buy back.” The compound form was not used in the Septuagint to describe practices of redemption. I wonder whether Paul in these Galatians contexts by using the compound form is expressing the intensification of the act of purchase. Aspects of “redemption” and “ransom” are expressed using other verbs in other contexts. Paul may emphasize then in Galatians the full purchase of people “from the curse of the law” or “those under law” such that former “owners” have no further claim at all upon these people. Rather God now totally is the owner of this people of faith.
Paul also used this verb in Ephesians 5:16 and Colossians 4:5. The expression in both cases is rendered idiomatically in the NIV (2011): “making (make) the most of (exagorazomenoi) every opportunity.” The only difference between them is the word order. In Ephesians the object ton kairon follows the verb whereas in Colossians it precedes. As well, both examples are in the middle voice, indicating that the implied subject is being affected in some sense by the action. Context will determine exactly how the subject’s engagement with the action should be defined.
The text that best illustrates the sense of this expression occurs in Daniel 2:8. King Nebuchadnezzar demands that his advisors both tell him what his dream was and what it meant. When they keep asking him to tell them his dream and then they will interpret it, he accuses them, saying “It is certain you are trying to buy time (kairon hymeis exagorazete).” The text is the same in both versions of Greek Daniel (Theodotion and the Old Greek/Hexaplaric). The idea seems to be to use all of the available time to some advantage. In the case of Ephesians 5:16 the subject is Christian morality and Paul urges believers to buy up opportunity to live ethically in the midst of “evil days.” The emphasis in Colossians 4:5 also rests upon “walking wisely” but the purpose in this context is directed to non-believers, “those on the outside.” Believers are urged to “buy up every opportunity” to demonstrate their commitment to the Messiah and express their faith evangelistically.
Paul’s use of exagorazein focused on two separate but related issues. First there is the reality that the Messiah through his death and resurrection has purchased completely those affected by the curse of law. The result of this purchase is a transformed relationship with God for all Messiah followers. The context of Galatians 4:6 links this transaction with ideas of slavery and adoption which result from this divine purchase. The Messiah’s death and resurrection make this purchase possible. Part at least of the background to this concept is found in Old Testament passages that speak of Israel as Yahweh’s possession, even though this verb is never used to describe Yahweh’s activity. Second, there are some implications that arise from this new status with God. The interpretation of this compound verb form should be related to Paul’s use of the simple form agorazein in contexts such as 1 Corinthians 6-7. The other two uses of the compound form in Ephesians and Colossians define implications arising from this new relationship with the Messiah, i.e. the responsibility to live morally and evangelistically at every opportunity.
i. the relationship of any human being with God rests upon the Messiah’s life, death and resurrection. The Messiah has purchased us completely by dying for us. He owns us, but within that relationship he chooses to elevate us from the status of slave to that of adopted son. Our responsibilities in this relationship increase accordingly;
ii. in Ephesians and Colossians exagorazein is related to the command “to walk wisely,” i.e. to live in such a way that we demonstrate our new wisdom in the Messiah. Paul urges us as believers to buy up every opportunity to display God’s wisdom in our moral decisions and our gospel communication. | <urn:uuid:8f8a6177-7292-4d9b-8608-5880334c9b48> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://moments.nbseminary.com/archives/121-redeeming-the-cursed-and-redeeming-time-exagorazein-galatians-313-45-ephesians-516-colossians-45/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.951048 | 2,808 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Register of Charities - The Charity Commission IDEA FOUNDATION
Activities - how the charity spends its money
iDEA Foundation helps people develop digital and enterprise skills, discover new talents and gain digital confidence, for free. iDEA learners work through modules online to be rewarded with digital badges and points which are collected, and count towards achieving the Bronze, Silver or Gold Inspiring Digital Enterprise Award.
|Donations and legacies||£46|
|Other trading activities||£0|
£0 investments gains (losses)
Total income includes £50,240 from 1 government grant(s)
Charitable expenditure with investment gains
Some charities generate all, or a substantial part, of their income from investments which may have been donated to the charity as endowment or set aside by the charity from its own resources in the past. Such investments usually take the form of stocks and shares but may include other assets, such as property, that are capable of generating income and/or capital growth.
In managing their spending and investments charities need to strike a balance between the needs of future and current beneficiaries. They also need to take account of spending commitments that may stretch over a number of future years. To do this, charities will normally adopt an investment strategy designed to generate both income and capital growth. To maximise returns trustees may commit to investment strategies for several years.
Investments can experience large swings in value so trustees may, in a particular year, decide to realise and spend part of their charity’s capital or to invest part of its income.
By clicking the investment gains checkbox the charitable spending bar is adjusted to take account of capital growth as well as income. This shows the balance the charity is striking, between spending on current beneficiaries and retaining resources for future beneficiaries.
|Income generation and governance||£0|
|Retained for future use||£369.74k| | <urn:uuid:de6d68b2-63e1-43bf-b802-95068c2d588c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://register-of-charities.charitycommission.gov.uk/charity-search/-/charity-details/5159429 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.931406 | 487 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Scaffolding is used in a range of occupations. Construction crews erect scaffolds to facilitate plastering and other jobs high in the air. Painters and window cleaners use them to allow access to the outsides of buildings that otherwise would be impossible to work on. As useful as scaffolds are, however, when they collapse, severe injury, and frequently death, is the result. Then one’s only recourse may be to hire a New York scaffold collapse lawyer.
Regulations require strict adherence to specific procedures and materials in securing scaffolds in place. However, these rules are not always followed, either through negligence or a rush to finish the job. Anchoring or ropes that are incorrectly fastened may come loose. Planks may shift or become unstable. Strong winds may rock the scaffold until it breaks away from its stays.
Who Is at Risk?
When a scaffold falls, not only does the individual upon it face injury, but those down below do as well. A scaffold collapsing from a high rise onto a crowded sidewalk will almost certainly cause passersby to be hurt, or even killed. Moreover, if the collapse itself were not likely enough to lead to injury, the scaffold may fall onto construction equipment, a car driving past, or the pole holding a street sign.
The more common injuries which result from collapsing scaffolds are those which involve legs and feet, body trauma, spinal damage, crushed organs, and trauma to the head and brain. A victim can well find himself with permanent severe mental impairment or paralysis. That, of course, assumes he survives at all.
Much could be done to alleviate many of the injuries from scaffold collapses. Needless to say, the primary focus should be on preventing them in the first place. Employers are required by law to provide safety training to their workers. Many of them do not, whether out of lack of concern for worker welfare or desire simply to move ahead and get the job done. The difference between a well-trained crew that is encouraged to follow safe procedures and one that has received little guidance can quite literally be a matter of life and death.
New York Labor Code 240 codifies liability issues in fall injury cases. Generally the individual in charge – a contractor, the building manager, or the owner – is considered ultimately responsible to ensure that workers follow safe procedures when erecting and working on scaffolding. Of course, it is important for anyone involved with scaffolding to be careful. When an injury does occur, the victim would do well to call a New York scaffold collapse lawyer.
If you or a loved one has been injured in a New York personal injury accident, the experienced personal injury lawyers at the Law Offices of Kenneth A. Wilhelm can help you better understand your legal rights and options. Please contact us at 1-800-WORK-4-YOU (1-800-967-5486) for a free and comprehensive consultation. We can also help with personal injury cases in New Jersey, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, or Florida. If you have been seriously injured in any of the 50 U.S. states, please call us and we will try to help you with your case. | <urn:uuid:f7beff88-6246-4e25-a240-7c8a5f1c06c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.work4youlaw.com/construction-accidents/scaffolds-collapses/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.953494 | 663 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Get your original paper written from scratch starting at just $10 per page with a plagiarism report and free revisions included!
The Ace Manufacturing Company has orders for three similar products:
Three machines are available for the manufacturing operations. All three machines can produce all the products at the same production rate. However, due to varying defect percentages of each product on each machine, the unit costs of the products vary depending on the machine used. Machine capacities for the next week and the unit costs are as follows:
Use the transportation model to develop the minimum cost production schedule for the products and machines. Show the linear programming formulation. If the constant is “1” it must be entered in the box. If your answer is zero enter “0”.
The linear programming formulation and optimal solution are shown.
Let xij = Units of product j on machine i.
|xij = 0 for all i, j|
If required, round your answers to the nearest whole number. | <urn:uuid:ee149d48-83ed-4915-ae82-6b4f7a25f557> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://essaynest.com/the-ace-manufacturing-company-has-orders-for-three-similar-products-product-order-units-a-2250/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.721819 | 605 | 2.59375 | 3 |
KUNMING - Water resources authorities in southwest China Tuesday denied reports that China's dams on the Lancang River have exacerbated the drought in the Mekong River basin.
Some conservationists in the lower-reach countries in Southeast Asia had accused China of failing to release enough water in the dams, worsening drought with low river water levels downstream.
The Lancang River flows through Yunnan province into southeast Asia where it is called the Mekong River. It is 4,880 km long and the whole basin covers an area of 811,000 square km.
Chen Hui, deputy chief engineer of the Lancang River Maritime Bureau, said the falling levels in the Mekong River in Southeast Asia were mainly the result of sharp declines in rainfall in the river's upper reaches.
Regions in Yunnan had received 20 percent to 98 percent less rain than normal from September to March, which was why no major floods occurred in the Lancang River in 2009, said Chen.
Zhang Jun, an official at Yunnan Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Co, developer of the power stations on the river, said the river section in China accounted for 23.5 percent of its total area and the water flow accounted for a much smaller 13.5 percent.
Some dams even helped to manage water flow by storing water in the rainy season and releasing water in the dry season, Zhang said.
He said China did not divert river water and the four dams would not affect the total amount of water flow in the river as most hydropower stations had no reservoirs.
The amount of water flowing into and out of the hydropower stations was basically the same, Zhang said.
Data showed the water levels were lower than at the end of the last flood season, showing China had released water to ease drought, Zhang said.
The water level in the Xiaowan hydropower station, the only one with a reservoir, had fallen by 7.12 meters from the pre-dry-season level with the release of 560 million cubic meters of water to the lower reaches, he said.
This could only help adjust river water flows in border areas because the Chinese section accounted for only a small amount of water flow on the whole Mekong River, Zhang stated.
Shipping on the Lancang River had been halted because of the severe drought, said Chen Mingda, head of the maritime bureau in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, through which the Lancang River flows.
The river tributaries in the upper reaches had also suffered from the drought, Chen said.
The worst drought in a century in southwest China has affected 61.3 million people and 5 million hectares of crops in Guizhou, Yunnan, Sichuan, Chongqing, and Guangxi, the Ministry of Civil Affairs said last week.
The dry weather has also left 18 million people and 11.7 million head of livestock thirsty for water and caused direct economic losses of 23.7 billion yuan ($3.5 billion).
Dry weather has affected more than 80 percent of all cultivation areas in Yunnan, where flowers, rapeseed, sugar cane, tobacco and tea are grown.
Its direct agricultural economic losses are estimated at 17 billion yuan. In addition, 8.2 million people in Yunnan are short of food.
Thailand, Laos, Vietnam and Cambodia in Southeast Asia have also been hit by drought, with sharp falls in Mekong river water levels affecting agricultural and fishing industries.
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang Tuesday said China had close contacts and cooperation with Mekong River countries on water resources utilization and provided them with hydrological data from the upper reaches regularly.
Qin said Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Song Tao would participate in the first Mekong River Commission Summit in Thailand early next month.
"The countries along the Mekong River are China's good neighbors, and we attach importance to developing relations with them," he said. | <urn:uuid:f70c19b3-4d8c-4fde-81d9-946904927dae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-03/31/content_9664697.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.965661 | 806 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Auditory brain areas in humans but not in macaque monkeys show a preference for harmonic sounds, finds a study published online this week in Nature Neuroscience.
Speech and music, considered unique to humans, contain harmonic frequencies that are perceived as having ‘pitch’. The capacity to discriminate pitch is crucial for speech and music. In humans, auditory brain regions thought to be involved in pitch perception respond more to harmonic tones than to noise. However, it is unknown if similar brain regions are present in other animals.
Sam Norman-Haignere and colleagues used functional MRI to measure human and macaque brain responses to natural and synthetic harmonic sounds, including recorded macaque vocalizations, and compared those responses with noise sounds that lack pitch. In one experiment, the authors observed strong responses to harmonic tones in four human participants, but these responses were largely absent in three macaques. In another experiment, the authors measured brain responses from six humans and five macaques to natural macaque vocalizations or to modified versions in which the harmonic tones were replaced with noise. Human brain responses showed stronger selectivity for harmonic vocalizations than macaques.
The authors conclude that auditory cortical organization differs between human and macaques, potentially due to the unique importance of speech and music to humans.
Microbiology: Single switch makes Escherichia coli beneficial insect partnerNature Microbiology
Conservation: More than half of unassessable species may be at risk of extinctionCommunications Biology
Zoology: Mother’s iron helps Weddell seal pups diveNature Communications
Health: Certain medications may impact risk of heat-related heart attacksNature Cardiovascular Research | <urn:uuid:91112b28-a37a-4a8b-ab85-eede132650aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.natureasia.com/en/life-sci/research/12976 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.908679 | 386 | 3.9375 | 4 |
Myths and misconceptions in anesthesia (Proceedings)
This lecture is intended to review some of the common misconceptions or outdated thoughts that can be found in small animal anesthesia. Many myths or misconceptions stem from a truth that has been misapplied over the years, extended to more than just one circumstance, or told over so many times that the veracity of the idea becomes muddled. In addition, some information about certain drugs used in anesthesia is based on older literature where doses studied were very different from those currently recommended. Some material from this lecture is taken from a publication by Wagner et al in 2003, which is referenced at the end of these proceedings notes.
Misconception: Certain dog breeds are sensitive to anesthesia
Although many dog breed publications will report anesthetic sensitivity to certain drugs (e.g. ketamine, acepromazine) or to anesthesia in general, there are very few scientifically documented breed sensitivities to anesthesia. When owners or dog breeders present their animal and express concern about perceived anesthetic risk based on the animal's breed, it is important for the veterinarian to educate them to the general risks of anesthesia in all breeds/species and to reassure the client that the particular breed of the animal will be considered but that it is unlikely that there is a heightened risk based on the breed.The one known and documented drug sensitivity based on breed is that of greyhounds having delayed recoveries after thiobarbiturates (thiopental). This delayed recovery is due in part to the typically lean body type of these dogs such that there is little adipose tissue for the drug to redistribute to; however, the primary reason for the delayed recovery is that this breed metabolizes the drug via a different hepatic pathway and drug metabolism occurs much more slowly. Most anesthesiologists extend this breed sensitivity to other sighthound breeds as well (whippets, Italian greyhounds, borzois, afgan hounds) even though these breeds have not been specifically studied.
Boxers with English genetic lines may be more sensitive to the hypotensive effects of acepromazine. Boxers that come from American genetics do not appear to have this sensitivity. When presented with a boxer, if I am unsure of the genetic line, I use acepromazine cautiously or at low doses, and I monitor blood pressure throughout the procedure.
There are certainly dog breeds that present certain anesthetic challenges or considerations. Brachycephalic breeds (bulldogs, boston terriers, Pekinese, etc) usually have the classic 4 anatomic features that can make intubation and airway management challenging: stenotic nares, elongated soft palate, everted laryngeal saccules, hypoplastic trachea. These cases need to be monitored whenever they are sedated, preoxygenation prior to intubation is warranted, endotracheal tube sizes may have to be adjusted down, and extubation should only be performed when the animal is able to actively and forcibly "spit out" the tube. Even after extubation the animal should be monitored, especially if sedatives or opioid analgesics are on board. Other dog breeds that impose certain challenges are Shar-pei's, in whom IV catheter placement can be challenging because of their skin folds and generally thick skin. Some dog breeds have genetic predisposition to develop certain diseases that can increase anesthetic risk, for example Dobermans can have dilated cardiomyopathy and/or Von Wildebrand factor deficiency, toy breeds can have portosystemic shunts, etc. The management details for these patients are beyond the scope of this lecture. The point is that their breed per se does not increase their anesthetic sensitivity; rather it is their breed-related systemic disease.
Myth: Pre-anesthetic medication complicates anesthesia by adding too many drugs and will delay recovery
There are many valid benefits to pre-anesthetic medication. These include sedation and anxiolysis, which decreases the animal's stress response and the stress of those personnel that have to restrain it, preemptive analgesia prior to a surgical procedure, significant decrease in induction and inhalant dose requirements, a smoother and more consistent anesthetic plane, and a smoother and less painful recovery. In our anesthesia department, most animals (dogs and cats) receive a sedative + an opioid for premedication, occasionally with an NSAID as well, prior to anesthetic induction. We administer the drugs IM (occasionally IV if a catheter is already in place), then 20 minutes later the animal is ready for induction. By incorporating premedication, we reduce induction dose requirements by 50% or more, depending on doses used and how sedate the animal becomes, and we reduce inhalant requirements similarly by >50%. This means that blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory drive are all better maintained during surgery, because it is high doses of inhalants, not premedications, which depress cardiovascular and respiratory function the most dramatically.
It is true that some premedications (e.g. acepromazine, opioids, alpha-2 agonists if not reversed) may delay recovery, but this is generally a desirable quality. Anesthesia and surgery are exhausting events and a restful recovery, where the animal is kept quiet, warm and comfortable, are necessary components of a successful surgical outcome. If the animal needs to be discharged to its owner at the end of the day, the premedication should be planned such that doses are kept low for drugs that are not reversible, or reversible drugs can be used. The clinician should be mindful, however, of analgesic needs as well and not limit analgesic therapy simply for the sake of a quick recovery. | <urn:uuid:eb386bde-54ca-4d75-bf91-9ba957915ecd> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://veterinarycalendar.dvm360.com/myths-and-misconceptions-anesthesia-proceedings | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721027.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00549-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946198 | 1,165 | 2.453125 | 2 |
One of the problems with making purchases based on “the greater good”—as opposed to the direct benefits and costs—is that your estimate might turn out wrong. For example, many people simply assumed that electric vehicles were “good for the environment” and so were willing to spend more, and put up with more hassles, thinking that they were helping future generations. Yet some recent studies suggest that the environmental case for electric vehicles is more dubious.
Electric Cars Can Create More Carbon Dioxide Emissions Than Gas Cars
An auto-enthusiast blog recently summarized a British study finding that electric cars may not necessarily reduce carbon dioxide emissions:
[E]lectric cars can create higher emissions over the car’s lifetime than their gasoline-powered equivalent, partly due to the pollution created from the factories that manufacture electric car batteries…
[The study] found that while in the past, tailpipe emissions have been used as the main measure of an electric car’s carbon footprint, when the emissions from the car’s total lifespan are taken into consideration, including the car’s production and disposal, some of the CO2 savings made from driving the car are offset. The study contends that “overall electric and hybrid vehicles still have lower carbon footprints than normal cars.”
The study found that compared with 24 metric tons for a gasoline-powered car, a mid-size electric car produces 23.1 metric tons of CO2 over its lifetime. But an electric car would have to drive about 80,000 miles before it would start saving more CO2 than a gasoline-powered car. Many electric cars will never reach 80,000 miles in their lifetime[;] electric cars get less than 90 miles on a charge, so they’re typically driven only short distances…Additionally, electric car batteries must be replaced after about four years. When the emissions connected with replacement batteries are added in, the total CO2 from producing an electric car increases to 12.6 metric tons, compared with 5.6 metric tons for a conventional car. Because recovering and recycling the metals in the battery consumes a great deal of energy, disposal produces double the emissions.
We may be witnessing the beginning of a process similar to what happened with ethanol: Initially beloved by environmentalists, ethanol soon fell into disfavor once people took into account the full consequences of turning food into fuel.
Alt-Energy Analyst Admits: “I Was Wrong About Lithium-Ion Batteries”
In addition to new doubts on the superior environmental bona fides of electric vehicles, it seems that consumers just aren’t that eager to support a transformation of the vehicle sector. An alternative energy analyst, in a refreshingly candid post, admitted recently that he had been wildly optimistic in his assessment of the demand for batteries for electric vehicles:
In February 2010 I wrote an article titled “Why I Don’t Expect A Lithium-Ion Battery Glut” that’s shaping up as one of the worst predictions in the history of my blog. This week Lux Research published a report titled “Using Partnerships to Stay Afloat in the Electric Vehicle Storm” that has me convinced that the capacity glut in lithium-ion batteries will be massive for at least a decade.
I humbly and sincerely apologize to any readers who bought shares in lithium-ion battery developers based on my starry-eyed optimism for the EV battery market.
The basic premise of my February 2010 article was that while plug-in electric vehicles would almost certainly die a slow and agonizing death from the congenital birth defects that have doomed every generation of EVs to the scrap heap of history, booming sales of electric two-wheeled vehicles, or E2Ws, and Prius-class hybrid electric vehicles, or HEVs, would be enough to absorb the slack. With eighteen months of history to look back on, it’s just not working out the way I thought it would.
As I expected, plug-in vehicles are drawing breathless reviews from the press and EVangelicals, and indifference or outright scorn from the car buying public.
Can you believe it? Cheap is beating cool. Who could have predicted such an outcome in the depths of the worst financial crisis since the 1930s?
Here too we see a familiar pattern: Proponents of electric vehicles (as well as energy sources such as wind and solar) keep assuring everyone that they just need government support to get over the next little hump…then they will be profitable and self-sufficient. Yet they’ve been saying that for thirty years.
Why Don’t Consumers Like Electric Vehicles?
The simple fact is that electric cars right now are very inconvenient compared to gas-powered cars. Consider the journal entry of the BBC’s Brian Milligan who recently drove an electric car from London to Scotland, charging it only at public stations:
It took 4 days, some serious thermal underwear, and copious amounts of waiting.
But my electric car and I finally made it to Edinburgh.
There were plenty of nervous moments, and a rather low-key entry to the Scottish capital.
After all, I was driving at 30mph and was shivering with cold.
On the last leg I’d got suddenly over-confident, and had a serious dose of range anxiety.
It has been a slow journey but Brian and the mini finally made it to Edinburgh
At one point my range indicator showed 48 miles charge left on my battery, with 50 miles still to go.
Hence the slow speed, and the lack of heater.
Including the time spent both charging and driving, I managed an average speed between London and Edinburgh of just 6mph.
With reports such as these, we can see why electric vehicles need a shot in the arm from a carbon tax or other government policy.
Government Can’t Pick Winners and Losers
The point here isn’t to relish in the floundering of a particular sector—people make mistaken forecasts all the time. A market economy works when investors try to pick the most profitable area to plow their money. Sometimes they hit it out of the park, and other times they strike out. Successful investors will make more money, and will have more influence over time on the allocation of scarce resources. On the other hand, investors who consistently make bad calls will eventually run out of money and will no longer pose a threat.
The one exception to this rule is government. When resources are directed through the political process, we have little reason to expect success. After all, policymakers haven’t earned their position through past profitability (the way rich investors in the private sector have). Even worse, the political authorities don’t stand to personally gain or lose, based on the success or failure of their “investments.” This is why government spending is so often seen as a corrupt boondoggle.
To take one example, consider the fate of Green Vehicles:
A Salinas car manufacturing company that was expected to build environmentally friendly electric cars and create new jobs folded before almost any vehicles could run off the assembly line.
The city of Salinas had invested more than half a million dollars in Green Vehicles, an electric car start-up company.
All of that money is now gone, according to Green Vehicles President and Co-Founder Mike Ryan.
The start-up company set up shop in Salinas in the summer of 2009, after the city gave Ryan a $300,000 community development grant.
When the company still ran into financial trouble last year, the city of Salinas handed Ryan an additional $240,000. Green Vehicles also received $187,000 from the California Energy Commission.
Salinas Mayor Dennis Donohue said he was “surprised and disappointed” by the news. City officials were equally irked that Ryan notified them through an email that his company had crashed and burned.
We don’t know what the efficient vehicle will be 20 years down the road. Perhaps at that point, most new cars really will be electric or hybrids. Yet we ostensibly live in a free society with a market economy. Government officials aren’t supposed to make these choices for us; let consumers spend their money without being influenced through the tax code or direct subsidies. Finally, if consumers are basing their decisions partly on feelings of saving the planet, they should do some research first to make sure their actions really are helping. | <urn:uuid:f8ade37f-75ab-44c7-98b5-80f6350979ce> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://instituteforenergyresearch.org/analysis/second-thoughts-on-electric-vehicles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00030-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962367 | 1,752 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Glinka, Mikhail Ivanovich Composers Composition Music
Russian Romantic composer Mikhail Glinka (1804 - 1857) is considered the founder of that nation's nationalist music movement. He had considerable influence on Balakirev, who founded The Five, and his opera A Life for the Tsar was the first to delve deeply into Russia's folk music.
Top: Arts: Music: Composition: Composers: G: Glinka, Mikhail Ivanovich
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- Mikhael Ivanovic Glinka - Freely downloadable MIDI files from On Classical/Kunst der glinka, mikhail ivanovich g Fuge.
- Grave of Mikhail Glinka - Picture of tombstone with link to list of glinka, mikhail ivanovich g other notable interments in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery glinka, mikhail ivanovich g cemetery in St. Petersburg. From Find a Grave.
- Mikhail Glinka - Filmography noting movies and television programs based on glinka, mikhail ivanovich g or using his works from the Internet Movie glinka, mikhail ivanovich g Database (IMDb).
- Classic Cat: Glinka - Directory of mp3s on the internet that have been made glinka, mikhail ivanovich available by their performing artists.
- Michael (Mikhael) Glinka - Summary list of noted works, life history, and portrait at composers the Classical Composers Database.
- The Father of Russian Music: Mikhail Glinka - Brief biography from Humanities Web with selected works, portrait, quotations, discography, suggested reading, additional resources, chronology, and related articles.
- Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka - Biographical sketch, caricature, summaries of operatic and orchestral g works, and g Naxos discography.
- Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka (1804-1857) - Songs and cycles with transliterated and Cyrillic texts, glinka, mikhail ivanovich g some with English translations. From the Lied and glinka, mikhail ivanovich g Art Song Texts Page at REC Music.
- Glinka, Mikhail Ivanovich - Biography showing him for a time as Russia\\'s glinka, mikhail ivanovich g leading composer, having a voice developed without system glinka, mikhail ivanovich g or school includes his influence on others and glinka, mikhail ivanovich g a summary list of works. From the Grove glinka, mikhail ivanovich g Concise Dictionary of Music entry at WQXR radio.
- Glinka, Mikhail Ivanovich (1804 - 1857) - Brief biography and summaries of his operas and composers orchestral music g with recommended recordings.
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Ecology and social behavior of bonnet macaques (Project in operation since 1997)
Director: Dr. G. Agoramoorthy
Research Objectives: (i) to monitor the population status of wild bonnet macaques, Macaca radiata, throughout the state of Tamilnadu, India, (ii) to conduct studies on the social behavior of bonnet macaques, (iii) to collect ecological data on bonnet macaques living under different types of forest habitats such as the dry evergreen forest, evergreen forest, and agricultural areas, and villages (iv) to develop conservation and management plans for the bonnet macaques in Tamilnadu State, India.
Field Positions and Volunteers: Local and overseas volunteer research assistants are welcome to work in the long-term project during anytime of the year to learn about primate field research. Accomodations are available at the field station. Students can also do their own short-term field research projects. Students and volunteers can learn about primate social behavior, ecological fieldwork and census techniques.
Species Studied: Macaca radiata (bonnet macaque)
Other Species at Site: Loris tardigradus (slender loris), Macaca silenus (lion-tailed macaque), Semnopithecus entellus (Hanuman langur), Trachypithecus johnii (Nilgiri langur)
Last Updated: 2007-02-27
[Edit Entry] [Delete Entry] [Search IDP] | <urn:uuid:f73c5255-08da-4615-8e1a-8cd8293f5c7b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://pin.primate.wisc.edu/idp/idp/entry/65 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00267-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.835359 | 332 | 2.875 | 3 |
About This Program
My Grandmother Told Me: A Tribute to African-American Women
In My Grandmother Told Me: A Tribute to African-American Women, actress Debra Mims transforms into Grandmother Sally Kathryn Mims, who is searching through an old trunk in her attic. Each item she pulls out sparks a memory of days past and of courageous Black women and their struggles to be free, to vote, and to get an education. Using monologues, poetry, and songs, Debra leads the audience in this highly interactive walk through an important part of America’s history.
"She was very enthusiastic and got the children involved in her storytelling."
"Debra is such a powerful storyteller. Her beautiful voice and her interaction with the audience was superb! One of the parents attending the show said they would enjoy listening to her read from the phone book. Debra Mims is so expressive. You can tell she loves storytelling and children!" | <urn:uuid:7471e4fa-c3b5-4e2c-8f6e-0155d1c41637> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.artsforlearningmd.org/program/my-grandmother-told-me-a-tribute-to-african-american-women/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.955885 | 212 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Modeling Voters in Multi-Winner Approval Voting
Keywords:Social Choice / Voting, Learning Human Values and Preferences
AbstractIn many real world situations, collective decisions are made using voting and, in scenarios such as committee or board elections, employing voting rules that return multiple winners. In multi-winner approval voting (AV), an agent submits a ballot consisting of approvals for as many candidates as they wish, and winners are chosen by tallying up the votes and choosing the top-k candidates receiving the most approvals. In many scenarios, an agent may manipulate the ballot they submit in order to achieve a better outcome by voting in a way that does not reflect their true preferences. In complex and uncertain situations, agents may use heuristics instead of incurring the additional effort required to compute the manipulation which most favors them. In this paper, we examine voting behavior in single-winner and multi-winner approval voting scenarios with varying degrees of uncertainty using behavioral data obtained from Mechanical Turk. We find that people generally manipulate their vote to obtain a better outcome, but often do not identify the optimal manipulation. There are a number of predictive models of agent behavior in the social choice and psychology literature that are based on cognitively plausible heuristic strategies. We show that the existing approaches do not adequately model our real-world data. We propose a novel model that takes into account the size of the winning set and human cognitive constraints; and demonstrate that this model is more effective at capturing real-world behaviors in multi-winner approval voting scenarios.
How to Cite
Scheuerman, J., Harman, J., Mattei, N., & Venable, K. B. (2021). Modeling Voters in Multi-Winner Approval Voting. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 35(6), 5709-5716. Retrieved from https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/16716
AAAI Technical Track on Game Theory and Economic Paradigms | <urn:uuid:664e7c40-2e33-4e97-8d66-ad6f93cafd60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/16716 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.913803 | 426 | 1.671875 | 2 |
- About the Institute
Thinking of those who could only be seen for a short time, on the way,
between one wave of transport and another, an epical panic strikes me.
They vanish, fleeing from my memory.
(Bogdan Wojdowski, Chleb rzucony umarłym [Bread For The Departed])
In the spring of 1942, the Germans – under the codename Aktion Reinhardt – began to exterminate Polish Jews in the General Government district of German-occupied Poland. The Warsaw Ghetto was the largest World War II ghetto in German-occupied Europe. The largest number of Jews was transported to their deaths to the Treblinka death camp between 22 July and Yom Kippur (21 September) 1942. For eight weeks, the rail shipments of Jews to Treblinka went on without stopping. By November 1943, when the Treblinka death camp was closed, more than 1,5 million Jews from Poland and other European countries were murdered in the so-called Aktion Reinhard. The planned conference, held by the Warsaw Ghetto Museum and the Emmanuel Ringelblum Jewish Historical Institute, marks the 80th anniversary of launching the annihilation campaign against Polish Jews. The conference is scheduled to take place in Warsaw in September 2022.
The first goal of this scholarly gathering is to explore the patterns of social and individual responses of the two societies, Jewish and Polish, during the period of terror and mass deportations to the death camps and the months of the extermination. The second goal is to explore and compare the course of the liquidation operations in the Warsaw Ghetto and different places of five districts of the General Government and their consequences for the Jewish communities and Polish-Jewish relations. Finally, the third goal is to examine the commemoration patterns of Aktion Reinhard’s former camps developed in Poland in the last decades. For example:
The conference program will be available soon.
Organizing committee: prof. dr hab. Andrzej Żbikowski (JHI), dr. Martyna Grądzka-Rejak (WGM), prof. Daniel Blatman (WGM).
Commemoration of the 80th anniversary of the extermination of Jews as part of the German Operation "Reinhardt" is under the Honorary Patronage of President of the Republic of Poland Andrzej Duda
The project "As if we had never existed" was co-financed by the Minister of Culture and National Heritage
The conference is organized as a part of the 80th anniversary of the “Aktion Reinhard”, a program financed by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. | <urn:uuid:46217811-d50c-4191-9156-81c11ce5ac22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jhi.pl/en/events/80-years-after-aktion-reinhardt-1942-1943-international-conference,1153 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.933453 | 597 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Is There a Perfect Coffee Brewing Temperature? According to the National Coffee Association, the ideal water temperature for extraction is between 195°F and 205°F, which is a little below the boiling point of water — 212°F. What’s handy about this temperature range is that it works across all brewing methods.
- 1 Is boiling water too hot for coffee?
- 2 Does water have to be hot for coffee?
- 3 Why is my coffee not hot enough?
- 4 Which coffee maker makes the hottest coffee?
- 5 What temperature do coffee makers brew at?
- 6 How do you make extra hot coffee?
- 7 What single cup coffee maker makes the hottest coffee?
- 8 What temperature is coffee served at Starbucks?
- 9 What is the hottest temperature coffee maker?
- 10 The Perfect Water Temperature For Coffee Brewing
- 11 How Water Affects Coffee Extraction
- 12 The Easy Way To Use Consistent, Reliable Water
- 13 Water and Coffee: Understanding How Temperature Affects Your Cup
- 14 How Does Water Temperature Affect Your Coffee?
- 15 Is There a Perfect Coffee Brewing Temperature?
- 16 How Important Is Water Temperature When Brewing Coffee?
- 17 The Best Coffee Water Temperature: 3 Schools of Thought
- 18 3 schools of thought
- 19 A few examples
- 20 Brew methods matter
- 21 Best Water Temp for Coffee, Ratio of Grounds, and More
- 22 Ideal Water Temperature for Coffee
- 23 Coffee Grounds to Water Ratio
- 24 Water Quality
- 25 Water Delivery
- 26 Water Temperature and Why It Matters
- 27 Is Boiling Water Bad For Your Brew?
- 28 The perfect temperature to make your favourite drinks revealed
- 29 The Perfect Coffee Brewing Temperature
- 30 The Perfect Coffee Brewing Temperature Is…
- 31 What About Cold Coffee?
- 32 Cooling Down…
- 33 Brew like a Baristafrom home
- 34 What’s the Best Coffee Water Temperature?
- 35 Is Boiling Water Okay to Use?
- 36 Does the Type of Roast Matter with Temperature?
- 37 Best Pour-Over Coffee Water Temperature
- 38 Best Temperature for French Press Coffee Makers
- 39 What’s the Best Temperature for Cold Brew Coffee?
- 40 What is the Best Temperature for Espresso?
- 41 Conclusion
- 42 What’s The Best Water Temperature For Coffee?
- 43 The Best Water Temperature For Coffee Brewing
- 44 This Is Why Coffee Pots Often MakeBadCoffee
- 45 How To Always Using The Right Water Temperature (And Make Tastier Coffee)
- 46 Good Water Won’t Fix Bad Beans
- 47 Post navigation
- 48 Join the Coffee Bros. Community
- 49 Visit Coffee Bros. on Instagram
Is boiling water too hot for coffee?
Since boiling water is a little too hot, pouring the boiling water directly onto the coffee grounds can cause them to extract too much too early, leaving a bitter taste in your cup. Violently bubbling water also agitates the grounds unnecessarily, which can lead to uneven extraction.
Does water have to be hot for coffee?
Water temperature is essential in this process, because if your water is too hot, you risk an over extraction, leaving the coffee tasting bitter, and if your water is too cold, you can risk an under-extraction, where the coffee is weak, and maybe even tastes sour.
Why is my coffee not hot enough?
One of the main reasons for espresso coffee drink not being served hot enough is using cold cups; when the hot beverage is poured into the cup the cold ceramic cup absorbs heat energy from the liquid causing it to cool down.
Which coffee maker makes the hottest coffee?
Best coffee makers that brew at 200 degrees
- Breville BDC450 Precision Brewer.
- BUNN HB Heat N Brew Coffee Maker(SCAA Certified)
- BEHMOR 5393 Coffee Maker.
- Cuisinart CPO-850 Pour Over Coffee Brewer.
- Bonavita BV1900TS 8 cup coffee maker.
- Keurig K575 Programmable coffee maker.
- Bonavita Variable Temperature Gooseneck Kettle.
What temperature do coffee makers brew at?
The optimum temperature for brewing coffee is 195 degrees to 205 degrees Fahrenheit. Most coffee makers will fall into this range. If the coffee is brewed too hot, then it will lose some flavor and may taste burnt.
How do you make extra hot coffee?
Milk, like anything, burns. So, when you ask for a drink to be made “extra hot,” you are asking your Barista to steam the milk past it’s recommended temperature and most likely, “burn” your coffee. Milk has one of the main ingredients in the protein menu and it is called Casein.
What single cup coffee maker makes the hottest coffee?
Any one of these single serve makers would make a fine addition to your household, but if you really appreciate and need the hottest brew, your only option is the TouchPlus as the hottest single-serve coffee maker.
What temperature is coffee served at Starbucks?
Hot Coffee According to a beverage resource manual, the standard temperature for hot Starbucks drinks is between 150 and 170 degrees, not including Americanos. Children’s drinks are typically served at 130 degrees, said the manual.
What is the hottest temperature coffee maker?
The hottest coffee maker temperature should brew at a temperature between 195-200F. There are lots of coffee makers that brew coffee at a temperature of 200F.
The Perfect Water Temperature For Coffee Brewing
It all comes down to finding the right balance of factors when brewing great, robust coffee. The temperature of the water is one of the aspects that is often overlooked, despite the fact that it is quite significant. It also happens to be one of the simplest to regulate, set, and forget about for the rest of your life. Understanding how the temperature of the water influences your coffee may help you achieve a number of goals. If you want to make modifications to your final cup, you can do so by adjusting the temperature of the water you use.
Allow me to walk you through the process of determining the optimal water temperature for coffee and how to achieve it in your unique environment.
How Water Affects Coffee Extraction
As I’m sure you’re well aware, the hotter your water is, the more rapidly it removes the flavor and nutrients from the ground coffee. A balanced extraction may be achieved in as little as 2-4 minutes using near-boiling water. Cold water, on the other hand, can take anywhere from three to twenty-four hours to generate cold brew coffee. Hot brewing is most effective when the temperature is between 195 and 205 degrees Fahrenheit. However, it is not too hot to remove cautiously and swiftly, and it is not too hot to be uncontrollably flaming.
- Coffee with a temperature more than 205 degrees Heat above 100 degrees Fahrenheit has a tendency to excessively extract things from the grounds very readily, resulting in harsh coffee. Water below 195 degrees Fahrenheit has a tough time extracting, resulting in acidic, undeveloped coffee in many cases.
The water temperature range of 195 to 205 degrees Fahrenheit is not the objective gold standard for coffee brewing water temperature. The fact is that it is the range that the majority of people throughout the world like to use the most since it produces the best, most balanced cup of coffee. You are allowed to deviate from this well-established temperature range, but I do not recommend doing so unless you are a seasoned coffee expert. It is possible to find a number of coffee pros that employ lower temperatures in order to obtain distinct effects in their coffee.
The Aeropress recipe of another well-known player in the coffee field is frequently made at 190 degrees F.
The Easy Way To Use Consistent, Reliable Water
If all you’re searching for is a reliable and simple technique to keep your water at the proper temperature on a constant basis, this is the solution for you. A simple method of converting water temperature for coffee into a dependable, continuous constant is to find the sweet spot in your water and hold it there (rather than a variable you have to constantly adjust). To begin, determine the elevation of your residence. At sea level, the boiling point of water is 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Water boils at 206 degrees Fahrenheit on the high plains of Texas (at a height of 3,000 feet).
- The higher you go in altitude, the lower the temperature at which water must be brought to a boil.
- Because it boils within the appropriate range, you may use your water immediately after it comes to a boil every time.
- For best results, I recommend using a thermometer and a timer to time how long it takes for your water to drop down to a comfortable temperature.
- You may also omit preheating your coffee machine if you live near the sea level.
- In the case of those who reside at very high elevations where boiling happens at temperatures lower than 198 degrees Fahrenheit, brewing with water that is just marginally too chilly may result in a coffee that is inadequately extracted.
It is possible that you may need to change your brewing style somewhat in order to create the finest coffee possible. I recommend that you try the following things:
- Pre-heat your brewing vessel thoroughly in order to minimize temperature loss when you pour in the brewing water. Increase extraction by either grinding your coffee a little finer or by increasing the amount of time you brew your coffee.
Should You Manipulate Water Temperature To Improve Your Coffee’s Flavor?
There are a variety of techniques to manipulate water temperature to generate certain tastes, but doing so consistently is difficult unless you have a specialist kettle that can heat water to precise degrees. These are quite convenient, but they can cost up to $85 or more and are still not razor accurate. If you want to improve the taste of your coffee, it’s far easier to leave the water temperature in the perfect range and adjust the grind size instead, which will result in smaller variations.
- With our own coffee grinder, the JavaPresse Manual Burr Grinder, we wanted to provide you the ability to fine-tune the flavor of your coffee without having to fiddle about with water temperature and other unpredictable variables.
- Water temperature for coffee should be something that is simple to systemize and then never have to think about again.
- Just keep in mind that the ideal water temperature for coffee is typically considered to be between 195 and 205 degrees Fahrenheit.
- – At the end of the day, the most crucial ingredient in making wonderful coffee is the coffee beans themselves!
- Take a look at our JavaPresse Coffee Subscription Service!
- Try them if you dare, for these beans may blow your mind.
- Written by:Garrett Oden, a resident coffee educator at the University of California, Berkeley
Water and Coffee: Understanding How Temperature Affects Your Cup
To make a wonderful cup of coffee, you must understand how to balance a variety of characteristics, including the brew ratio, grind size, brewing duration and other variables, among others. However, one of the most neglected aspects is the factor that contributes to your coffee being searing hot – the temperature of the beverage. Consider how brewing temperature influences the flavor of your coffee, if there is a preferred temperature, and what tools you may use to manage it.
How Does Water Temperature Affect Your Coffee?
To make a wonderful cup of coffee, you must understand how to balance a variety of characteristics, including the brew ratio, grind size, brewing duration and other variables, among other things.
However, one of the most neglected aspects is the factor that contributes to your coffee being boiling hot – the temperature of the coffee. Consider how brewing temperature influences the flavor of your coffee, if there is a preferred temperature, and what tools you might use to regulate it.
Is There a Perfect Coffee Brewing Temperature?
For extraction, according to the National Coffee Association, the optimal water temperature is between 195°F and 205°F. This temperature range is just a few degrees below the boiling point of water, which is 212°F. The advantage of this temperature range is that it is applicable to all brewing processes. Just be sure to stay within that temperature range regardless of whether you like the pour-over technique, the French press, or something else. Depending on the sort of roast you’re brewing, you may need to raise or drop the temperature a few degrees.
- Brew a darker roast at a lower temperature to avoid over-extraction and to reduce the possibility of harsh tastes arising from the roast.
- When it comes to making coffee, a thermometer is one of the most helpful weapons you may have in your armory.
- Whatever thermometer you choose, make sure to take note of the slurry, which is the mass of coffee and water that collects in the filter throughout the brewing process.
- For even greater convenience, search for a kettle that has an adjustable temperature feature, which allows you to set it to the exact temperature you want every time.
- All of this may seem a little excessive for just a cup of coffee in the morning.
How Important Is Water Temperature When Brewing Coffee?
(Photo courtesy of The Kitchn.) In order to make a decent cup of coffee at home, if you’ve moved to manual brewing, you know that there are a few things to do right. We’ve previously explored the necessity of using freshly roasted beans, getting your grind just right, and working out the proper water to coffee ratio in this column, among other things. Taking care of all of these details will help to ensure that you end up with the greatest cup possible. The temperature of the water is also important for making a nice cup of coffee, even if you have the appropriate beans, the perfect grind, and the proper dose of the coffee.
The Importance of Extraction
Photo courtesy of The Kitchn. As a home coffee brewer, you are probably aware that there are a few things to do right in order to produce a consistently excellent cup. The significance of utilizing freshly roasted beans, getting your grind just right, and working out the proper water to coffee ratio have all been explored before on the blog in this column.
Taking care of all of these details will help to ensure that you get the greatest cup possible. The temperature of the water is also important for making a nice cup of coffee, even if you have the appropriate beans, the perfect grind, and the proper dosage.
The Best Temperature for Extraction
According to the National Coffee Association, a temperature range of 195°F to 205°F is best for maximum extraction. However, the boiling point of water is 212°F, and the temperature range mentioned above is really in relation to the brew temperature — that is, when the grounds and water are combined. So, in practical terms, what does this imply and how can it help you brew a better cup of coffee at home? Verve Coffee Roasters put produced a fantastic video last year to illustrate the importance of water temperature in brewing (which I found to be quite useful), and I got in touch with them to find out more about their products.
For starters, the temperature range of 195°F to 205°F is the range in which water-soluble flavor components are most easily dissolved in water.
Consequently, while making coffee at home, it’s critical that you maintain the appropriate temperature range.
As Atkinson explains, “If you’re willing to spend the time, energy, and most importantly money on producing outstanding coffee at home, these characteristics are critical to your success based on scientific research that has been undertaken by the SCAA as well as numerous other foundations.” Observed in the Verve video, you will notice that your coffee will taste very nice as long as you stay within this range of temperatures.
- The “ideal” approach to brew at home, says Atkinson, is to simply use whatever technique you choose to bring water to a boil.
- It’s tempting to believe that one aspect of coffee brewing is more significant than another — for example, that the grind is more important than the dosage — but Atkinson emphasizes that it’s necessary to look at coffee brewing as a whole.
- Without the right brew temperature, even the best coffee is rendered ineffective.
- In fact, the temperature of the water is arguably the most important factor that most people overlook.
- As Atkinson points out, “the strength of your coffee is only as powerful as its weakest connection.”
What’s the Best Way to Control Temperature?
But what does all of this imply for you, the home brewer, and your business? However, Atkinson suggests that “to get the most value for your money, I propose you acquire a nice thermometer,” adding that “by doing so, you will have added a vital piece of equipment to your whole kitchen, rather just just your coffee arsenal.” The slurry, which is the mass of coffee grounds and water that forms at the top of the coffee maker, should be measured using a thermometer if you’re using one.
- If you’re using a Chemex or a French press to make your coffee, it’s a good idea to pre-heat the vessel by simply putting hot water into it before starting.
- It is entirely up to you whether or not to get a thermometer; some individuals take greater joy in being accurate than others.
- Do you have to be concerned about the temperature of the water when making coffee?
- How much you stress about it and how accurate you are in your preparations will be entirely up to you.
It is possible to brew a nice cup of coffee without using a thermometer, but if you want to add accuracy to your brewing routine so that you are 100 percent confident in your ability to brew a good cup every time, then it may be a wise purchase for you.
What Makes a Good Cup of Coffee
Finally, it’s crucial to remember that a good cup of coffee is the product of a lot of factors, including good beans, a decent grind, a proper dose, and good water. In order to make a decent cup of coffee, you can’t afford to scrimp on any of the following factors: time, effort, and knowledge. While you don’t have to obsess over getting the exact water temperature down to the tenth of a degree Celsius, you do want to make sure you’re not pouring boiling water on your beans, or, on the other hand, that you’re not pouring boiled water that has been sitting on the counter for 30 minutes on your beans.
Anna Brones is a writer who contributes to this site.
She is also the creator of the Foodie Underground website.
The Best Coffee Water Temperature: 3 Schools of Thought
What is the optimal temperature for making coffee? It appears to be a straightforward issue, but like with so many other coffee-related topics, the answer becomes increasingly difficult as you delve deeper into the rabbit hole. I’ll explain the three most prevalent approaches to the ‘ideal temp’ topic, and I’ll also offer my own point of view at the end of this article.
3 schools of thought
When it comes to the best coffee brewing temperature, there are three basic ideas to consider, and it’s important to understand the logic behind each of them.
1: use boiling water for coffee
Matt Perger, an Australian barista maestro, is largely credited with developing the most recent idea on brew temperature. While Scott Rao, another coffee oracle, generally recommends something similar, this is not always the case. The premise goes something like this: “Use water that is as near to boiling as you can manage.”
The main arguments for using boiling water:
- Water becomes a more effective solvent as the temperature of the water increases. As a result, the warmer the water, the more coffee tastes will be present in the final cup.
- Heat loss: When water is poured into a pour over dripper or French press that has been loaded with ground coffee, the temperature of the water lowers dramatically as a result of heat transfer. The temperature drop in the water will be spectacular with a ceramic cone (because to the higher thermal mass) and less dramatic with a plastic cone. Figure 1: Ceramic cone temperature drop. Of course, preheating your brewing apparatus will help to reduce heat loss, but this will only help to a limited extent.
- When it comes to consistency, using boiling water is typically preferable since you’ll be able to tell when you’ve reached the proper temperature even if you’re not using a thermocouple. When it comes to brewing, consistency is usually a positive thing since it allows you to recreate successful cups and troubleshoot problematic ones more quickly
- Yet, consistency may also be detrimental.
2: One Perfect temp to brew coffee
Tradition holds that there is a ‘best’ temperature, and that all other temperatures are inferior to that one. Depending on who you ask, the temperature is often 200 degrees Fahrenheit or 93.33 degrees Celsius. From an American perspective, that is a handy temperature since 200 degrees Fahrenheit should be easy to remember for the majority of people. People who are not familiar with scientific principles may frequently claim that hotter water “burns” the coffee when you explain why this temperature is appropriate to them.
Even though I’m not sure about the scientific truth of these assertions, if you constantly make coffee around 200 degrees Fahrenheit/93 degrees Celsius, you’ll be in a very good range most of the time.
Is it, on the other hand, truly the perfect temperature that everyone claims it to be?
3: Adjust temperature according to brew type and beans
All right, so now we’ve arrived at the most difficult and least dogmatic method, which argues that “there is no optimal temperature.” Instead, the temperature of the water should be estimated by taking into account the following factors: This is the school of thinking to which I personally subscribe. Water is a component of the extraction equation, which is why I believe this is the case. The amount of chemicals recovered from the grounds will be influenced by the temperature of the water. (And the mineral composition will change as well.) Coffee beans tend to extract in a variety of ways depending on how they were roasted and under what conditions they were grown.
- Light roasts: When brewing extremely light roast coffees, I prefer to use water that is just about to boil. Because they are tough to remove, they frequently require some additional assistance from a high temperature. When it’s dark or medium, I’ll turn the temperature down to 200 °F/93 degrees Celsius or even lower. In the case of a dark roast and water that is nearly boiling, there is a risk of extracting harsh qualities from the beans.
A few examples
It does not make logical to me to limit myself to a single temperature setting. What would be the point of restricting yourself? Cooking and drinking coffee have a lot in common. You have three options: simmering, poaching, and boiling — each of which is appropriate for a particular type of ingredient or dish. Allow me to give you an example of why I believe it is inappropriate to be dogmatic about something as simple as the optimal coffee brewing temperature. More information may be found at: What is the optimal ratio for brewing coffee?
In essence, it’s similar to a traditional espresso; however, it’s made using ice cold water instead of hot.
However, it does, and it is amazing.
When it comes to making espresso at home, a manual espresso maker such as theFlairorCafflanoKompresso is required.
Brew methods matter
Sticking with a single temperature, in my opinion, is counter-productive. Why would you put yourself in such a restrictive situation? Cooking and drinking coffee have a lot in common, and both are enjoyable. All of these cooking methods are ideal for different types of ingredients or recipes. Simmering, poaching, and boiling are among the options. To illustrate why I believe it is inappropriate to be dogmatic about something as simple as the perfect coffee brewing temperature, allow me to provide you with an example.
Several years ago, I had my first experience with something called cold brewed espresso.
On the surface, this shouldn’t be that tasty.
The decreased temperature has caused me to suddenly taste a variety of new flavors that I had not before experienced.
A manual espresso machine such as theFlairorCafflanoKompresso is required for this kind of brewing. If you think that water must be either boiling or at a specific magical temperature, then cold brewed espresso is something you would never experiment with in your house.
What temperature should you use to brew your coffee? For optimal extraction, your brewer should maintain a water temperature of between 195 and 205 degrees Fahrenheit at all times. Colder water will result in coffee that is level and under-extracted, while too hot water will result in coffee that has lost its taste characteristics. Is boiling water too hot for a cup of tea or coffee? When it comes to brewing coffee, the ideal water temperature ranges between 202-206 degrees Fahrenheit. In addition, because boiling water is so hot, pouring boiling water directly onto the coffee beans might be too much, unless the roast is very light in color.
More taste components are extracted when the water is hot.
Using cold water to make your coffee will require several hours of waiting before any coffee taste will be extracted.
Best Water Temp for Coffee, Ratio of Grounds, and More
Discover the ideal ratio of coffee grinds to water, the ideal brewing temperature, and the finest sort of water to use in order to make the greatest cup of coffee you’ve ever tasted in this guide. To be sure, we must pay close and careful attention to this see-through things if we are to accomplish our highest possible standards of performance each and every morning (and noon, and occasionally night). When it comes to water, there are four key areas of concern, and each one plays a significant role in the ultimate product—that is, what comes out of your faucet may make or break your morning cup of joe.
Ideal Water Temperature for Coffee
The temperature of your water—and the length of time it remains at that temperature—has a significant impact on the quality of your brew, so it’s critical to understand how much heat is present in your kettle. Ideally, coffee should be made with water that is between 195 and 205 degrees Fahrenheit, and it is much better if the water can be kept at a consistent temperature between 200 and 203 degrees Fahrenheit or roughly. Cooking with hot water (or any water that is between 208 and 212 degrees Fahrenheit) can extract more bitter components from your ground coffee, resulting in an overly strong, ashy, and dry cup that is just unpleasant to drink.
For cold brew, however, this isn’t true, as the chilly water used in that procedure has a long time to remove flavoring material, but with most hot preparations, water only has four or five minutes to complete the job.
Even if you don’t have access to an electric kettle, counting down 40 seconds to a minute after boiling should put you in the ballpark for brewing, or you can invest in a very inexpensive thermometer to check yourself before you ruin your morning.
Coffee Grounds to Water Ratio
Unless we’re talking about really intense coffee beverages like espresso, the bulk of what we pour into our mugs is actually made up largely of water: In reality, the optimal coffee-to-water ratio in the final beverage is close to 2 percent coffee concentrate and 98 percent water, according to the National Coffee Association. We require the water in order to dilute the power of the substances that dissolve from our grinds, which is especially significant when dealing with coffees that have really robust or even very fine and delicate tastes to begin with.
It’s possible that the water used in the café’s brewing process is the reason why the coffee there always tastes better than the coffee you prepare at home — even when you buy a bag of the identical beans to take home with you — and that this is the case. In order to create a highly specialized brewing solution that perfectly complements rather than contradicts the coffee they are making, most cafés and restaurants have high-tech and customized water-filtration systems that can remove impurities or even strip water down to its most basic elements before infusing the water with a special cocktail of minerals and salts after it has been distilled.
Ensure that the water you are using to brew your coffee is not distilled by checking the following information: Pure water may actually harm or kill most electric kettles, and perhaps even more importantly, coffee prepared with pure water tastes objectively dreadful, being far too powerful and soul-crushingly bitter to be consumed in any quantity at all.
- Starting with cold water in your kettle rather than pre-boiled or hot water from the tap is always the best practice.
- Excessive evaporation will result in mineral deposits and scale build-up in your kettles, which will contribute to an unpleasant taste (and be a royal pain to clean up) over time.
- Using a descaling solution can also assist you in keeping your coffee makers and kettles operating at peak performance levels.
- It’s a good idea not to keep your kettles with water in them to avoid rust, which can seep into your coffee and impart a taste to it in addition to being unsightly and a little nasty.
You know how the key to having a strong sense of style is to concentrate on how you do things rather than what you do? Pouring water into a cup of coffee might be a similar experience: Anyone can pour a large amount of hot water onto coffee grinds, but doing so will not result in a high-quality cup of coffee. As an alternative, being deliberate and in command of the amount of hot water used will have a startling influence on taste and extraction rate, and for some brewing processes, precision is critical to success.
Controlling this agitation is less of a worry for you as a home barista when using certain brewing methods, like as: When you’re making a French press, for example, there’s a lot of swirling and movement when you first pour the water into the pot, and then a little more toward the end when you depress the plunger, but otherwise the water and coffee just kind of chill out together, and you don’t have to worry about it.
When preparing a pour-over, though, you don’t want to just throw water into the filter and cause a lot of movement and commotion in there: instead, use the following method: If possible, you want to add the water in a delicate and soft manner, more akin to skimming stones across a lake than dumping pebbles from a bridge.
As an added advantage, the water at the bottom of the kettle retains its heat for a longer period of time since it is not exposed to as much air and also has the insulation provided by the remaining hot water on top of it.
Additionally, learn how to properly store coffee so that it does not spoil, how to create your own latte art, and how to prepare one of these dishes using leftover coffee.
She is a specialty-coffee specialist with more than 15 years of experience as a barista, café manager, wholesale account representative, speaker, and educator; she is presently the green coffee sales representative for Café Imports, a Minneapolis-based importing firm.
Her weekly appearances on “Opposites Extract: A Debate Podcast about Coffee,” which can be found on iTunes, are definitely worth listening to.
Water Temperature and Why It Matters
Surely you’re aware that the key to having a strong sense of style is to pay attention to how you do things rather than what they are? It’s a little like this when you’re pouring water into coffee: Everyone has the ability to put a large amount of hot water upon coffee grinds, but doing so will not result in a high-quality cup of coffee. As an alternative, being deliberate and in command of the amount of hot water used will have a startling influence on taste and extraction rate, and for some brewing processes, precision is essential to success.
Controlling this agitation is less of a worry for you as a home barista when using certain brewing methods, such as the following ones: As an example, when you’re making a French press, there’s a lot of swirling and movement when you first pour the water into the pot, and then a little more toward the end when you depress the plunger, but otherwise, the water and coffee just kind of chill out together, and you don’t have to be concerned about it.
When producing a pour-over, though, you don’t want to just randomly throw water into the filter and cause a lot of movement and bother in there; instead, you want to: Adding the water should be done in a careful and gentle manner, more akin to skimming stones across a lake than dumping pebbles from a bridge.
Bonus: Because the water at the bottom of the kettle is not exposed to as much air and is also protected by the remainder of the hot water on top of it, it retains its heat for a longer time.
Also included are instructions on how to properly store coffee so that it does not spoil, how to create your own latte art, and how to prepare one of these dishes with leftover coffee.
She is a specialty-coffee professional with more than 15 years of experience as a barista, café manager, wholesale account representative, speaker, and educator; she is currently the green coffee sales representative for Café Imports, a Minneapolis-based importer of specialty coffees and espresso machines.
Her weekly appearances on “Opposites Extract: A Debate Podcast about Coffee,” which can be found on iTunes, are certainly worth a listening.
So, what exactly do we mean when we talk about extraction? A simple definition of extractions is the process of dissolving the solubles from the coffee grinds and combining them with water. One way to think about it is to image water soaking your grounds during the brewing process, and that water drawing the excellent elements of the grounds out of the grounds as it goes through the grounds. The filter then prevents the remaining gritty, dirty particles of coffee from entering the system. The substance that winds up in your cup of coffee is water that has been coupled with the delicious and caffeinated components of the coffee bean.
- The extraction of coffee, often known as brewing, is a chemical process.
- The fineness of the grind, for example, can facilitate the bonding of water molecules with coffee grounds on a purely mechanical basis.
- In reality, you can brew coffee using water that is any temperature; the challenge is maintaining control over the process.
- On the other hand, coffee is extracted extremely fast when the water is approaching boiling.
- For all of these reasons, we’ve established that a temperature range of 195-205 degrees Fahrenheit is optimal for brewing coffee.
- What is the answer?
- Much more than anything else, the roast and brew procedure will be the determining factor.
- In general, lower-range presses perform better than higher-range presses because the pressure of the press assists in extraction.
- Having said that, the flavor of the roast is ultimately what determines the outcome.
- If, on the other hand, your coffee comes out sour, consider brewing it at a little higher temperature to help in adequate extraction of the flavor.
The most essential thing to remember is to use an adjustable kettle, such as theFellow Staggor theBonavita Variablekettle, to make your tea. With these tools and the knowledge you’ve gained so far, you’ll be well prepared to experiment with water temperature.
Is Boiling Water Bad For Your Brew?
You’re familiar with the procedure. You start by bringing water to a boil, and then you brew the coffee. This method of brewing coffee is used by so many people since it is the quickest and most convenient. Is the boiling water, on the other hand, harming your brew? When it comes to brewing coffee, the ideal water temperature ranges between 202-206 degrees Fahrenheit. The majority of us do not have a temperature-controlled electric kettle at home, but water boils at around 212 degrees Fahrenheit, so we rely on the kettle’s whistle to alert us when the water is boiling properly.
- Aside from agitating the grounds excessively, vigorously bubbling water can also cause uneven extraction.
- By doing so, you will be able to lower the temperature to more desirable levels and obtain a smoother, more flavorful extraction.
- Questions about coffee, brewing, or the meaning of life?
- Send an email to firstname.lastname@example.org and we’ll share some of our wired knowledge with you.
The perfect temperature to make your favourite drinks revealed
- You’re familiar with the process. To make your coffee, you first bring water to a boil. For obvious reasons, it is the fastest and most convenient method of brewing coffee. Was the boiling water, on the other hand, detrimental to your beverage? Ideally, the water temperature should be between 202-206 degrees Fahrenheit while brewing espresso. The majority of us do not have a temperature-controlled electric kettle at home, but water boils at around 212 degrees Fahrenheit, so we rely on the kettle’s whistle to warn us when the water is boiling hot. Pouring boiling water straight onto coffee grounds might lead them to extract too much too soon, resulting in a bitter taste in your cup since boiling water is a touch too hot to start with. Unnecessary agitation of the grounds caused by vigorously bubbling water might result in uneven extraction. As a result, the next time you’re brewing at home, let that boiling water a few seconds to cool down (literally). This can help you produce a softer, tastier extraction by bringing the temperature down to that sweet spot. – Coffee lovers, enjoy your brewing! Questions about making coffee or the meaning of life? We’ve got the answers here. Email email@example.com and we’ll share some of our wired knowledge with you!
You’re familiar with the routine. You start by bringing water to a boil and then brewing your coffee. This method of brewing coffee is used by so many people because it is the quickest and most straightforward. Is that boiling water, on the other hand, harming your brew? Ideally, the water temperature should be between 202-206 degrees Fahrenheit while making coffee. Because the majority of us do not have a temperature-controlled electric kettle at home, we rely on the kettle’s whistle to warn us when the water is boiling.
- In addition, excessively bubbling water agitates the grinds, which might result in uneven extraction.
- This can help you produce a softer, tastier extraction by bringing the temperature down to the sweet spot.
- Questions about making coffee or the meaning of life?
- Send an email to firstname.lastname@example.org and we’ll share some of our wiring knowledge with you!
The Perfect Coffee Brewing Temperature
We’d want you to know that if you visit RoastyCoffee.com and decide to purchase a product, we may receive a small compensation. If the temperature of your coffee is important to you, the temperature of your coffee should be important to you. This is due to the fact that temperature is the most common cause of subpar coffee. Because no bean can achieve its full flavor expression when under or overheated, your cup of joe will taste more like a cup of misery than a cup of joy.
Fortunately, there is a single ideal coffee brewing temperature that can be achieved with every technique and with each type of bean. It’s the fortunate number for every barista: 205.
The Perfect Coffee Brewing Temperature Is…
A water temperature of 205 degrees (that’s Fahrenheit, or 96 degrees Celsius) is the perfect temperature for brewing any type of coffee. This is really a lower temperature than the temperature at which water boils, which is 212 degrees Fahrenheit (100 degrees C). You may either use a thermometer to double-check your heat readings or make educated guesses about the temperature. For improved control and maintenance of your preferred brewing temperature, we recommend using a thermometer instead.
What Happens if You Brew at the Wrong Temperature?
It’s crucial to understand why brewing too hot or too cold might spoil your coffee because water temperature has such a significant impact on the final product. If you brew your coffee too hot, your coffee grounds will get over-extracted. It is possible to overextract when the tastes and smells in the grounds are released in an excessive amount of time, resulting in a bitter, unpleasant, and low-quality taste. In order to avoid overboiling the water when manually brewing coffee, you should just bring it to a boil rather than boiling it completely.
This is why coffee tastes harsh and flavorless as a result of it.
Similarly, brewing coffee with overly cold water can have a negative impact on the flavor of the beverage.
In the end, the under-extracted coffee has a flat and acidic taste due to the lack of extraction.
Gadgets to Get the Job Done
It is critical to understand why brewing too hot or too cold might damage your coffee since water temperature can make or break your brew. Your coffee grounds may get over-extracted if you brew them at a high enough temperature. It is possible to overextract when the tastes and smells in the grounds are released in an excessive amount of time, resulting in a bitter, unpleasant, and low-quality flavor. To avoid overboiling the water while making coffee by hand, merely bring it to a boil rather than boiling it completely.
For this reason, coffee becomes bitter and flavorless as a result of this process.
Additionally, brewing coffee with overly cold water might have an adverse effect on the flavor.
In the end, the under-extracted coffee has a flat and sour taste since it has not been properly extracted.
What About Cold Coffee?
Brewing time for hot coffee might range from 2-4 minutes, depending on the amount of extraction desired. The temperature used for cold-brewing coffee can be achieved in two ways: by steeping the coffee at ambient temperature (about 70 degrees Fahrenheit) or by steeping the coffee at “normal refrigerator” temperature (about 35 degrees F). When steeping in room temperature, you can brew with either cold or room-temperature water (as long as the water does not become too hot). It takes less time to steep because of the higher temperature; the steeping time is usually between 8 and 12 hours (we recommend about 10).
The longer it takes to extract the flavors from the grounds, the colder the water must be kept at a constant temperature.
The advantages of keeping the steeping process cool include the fact that it takes longer to extract, resulting in a lighter flavor. It also brings out more of the flavors and undertones in the coffee, as well as producing coffee that is less acidic.
A disappointed experience might occur when your brew does not taste quite as good as you had anticipated. But the good news is that practically every problem you experience can be resolved, so don’t be concerned! One of the most crucial characteristics of coffee is its temperature. Even more critical is the ability to maintain a precise and constant temperature. When faced with flavor-related difficulties, take a deep breath, assess the situation and begin diagnosing the problem one tiny step at a time, starting with the most obvious difficulty.
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What’s the Best Coffee Water Temperature?
It may appear like brewing coffee is a simple process, but it is far more involved than it appears. When it comes to producing the ideal cup of coffee, there are a variety of variables to consider, including the quality of the beans and the brewing process. Even though many people rely on drip-brew coffee machines to prepare their daily cup of joe, pour-over brewing and French presses are other popular methods of making coffee. The temperature of the water is one of the most important aspects in making coffee, regardless of the method used.
Is Boiling Water Okay to Use?
Because the optimal coffee temperature range is less than 206°F, boiling water (212°F) is too hot to use for brewing coffee in most cases. While it is feasible to use boiling water, the excessively high temperature results in a distinct bitter flavor as a result of the great heat. Check the temperature of your water using a thermometer to ensure that it is between 195 and 205 degrees Fahrenheit before using it to prepare your coffee.
Does the Type of Roast Matter with Temperature?
However, while some coffee fans believe that certain roasts taste better at specific temperatures, most experts agree that a temperature range of 195°F to 205°F is appropriate for the majority of coffee roast varieties. Dark roast coffee can be somewhat sweeter when the water temperature is around 190°F, whilst lighter roasts might benefit from hotter water temperatures. If you have many different roasts of coffee at home, experiment with each roast at various temperatures to see which one best matches your palate.
Best Pour-Over Coffee Water Temperature
Coffee prepared in a pour-over style is a simple way of preparing coffee that involves placing a filter over a carafe and pouring hot water over the ground-up beans to make coffee.
When making pour-over coffee, the optimal temperature is the same as when making other types of coffee, which is between 195°F and 205°F. When boiling water in a kettle, use a kitchen thermometer to ensure that the water is at the proper temperature before pouring it over the coffee beans.
Pour-Over Brewing vs. Drip-Brew Machines
The pour-over technique of coffee preparation is a fantastic way for creating a flawless cup of coffee, particularly when contrasted to low-end coffee machines. When compared to boiling water on the stove and monitoring the temperature, most coffee makers do not have a thermometer that checks the temperature of the boiling water. It is possible that the cheaper coffeemakers will not heat up sufficiently to achieve the optimal coffee temperature range, resulting in weaker and more acidic coffee.
Best Temperature for French Press Coffee Makers
French Press coffee is still another excellent way of brewing coffee, and it will require the same temperature as the other methods as well as the same time. For French pressed coffee, heat water to a temperature between 195°F and 205°F, depending on your preference. French Pressed coffee is simple to prepare and rather excellent, but it is necessary to examine the quality and temperature of the water while preparing it.
What’s the Best Temperature for Cold Brew Coffee?
Image courtesy of New Africa/Shutterstock.com Cold-brewed coffee is a type of coffee extraction that requires steeping coarse-ground coffee beans in cold water for around 6-12 hours. Cold brew coffee, as the name indicates, is prepared fully with cold water and time. It is preferable if the cold brew coffee is not served at a temperature higher than room temperature, and it can even be prepared entirely in room temperature water; nevertheless, cooler water tends to create better-tasting outcomes.
It may take several attempts before you get a wonderful cup of cold brew coffee.
What is the Best Temperature for Espresso?
Image courtesy of New Africa and Shutterstock.com Cold-brewed coffee is a technique of coffee extraction that includes steeping coarse-ground coffee beans in cold water for 6-12 hours. Exactly as the name implies, cold brew coffee is made only with cold water and time. It is preferable if the cold brew coffee is not served at a temperature higher than room temperature, and it can even be prepared entirely in room temperature water; nevertheless, cooler water tends to provide better-tasting outcomes.
It may take several attempts before you get a wonderful cup of cold brew coffee.
When it comes to making the ideal cup of coffee, the temperature of the water is critical to the process. Use water with a temperature range of around 195°F – 205°F to avoid a thin or too harsh taste in your coffee blend. Anything that is colder or hotter than room temperature will alter the flavor of the coffee beans, releasing undesirable undertones that would not otherwise be noticeable.
For a pleasant flavor in both espresso and iced coffee, you should maintain the same temperature range for both beverages. Use water that is no warmer than room temperature while making cold brew coffee. READINGS WHICH MAY BE OF INTEREST:
- How Long Does Ground Coffee Last
- How to Make Cold Foam for Coffee (Simple Steps)
- How Long Does Ground Coffee Last
- What is a Wet Cappuccino, and how do you make one?
What’s The Best Water Temperature For Coffee?
Isn’t that how you make coffee? You mix the coffee with the water, right? But, you know, In order to brew *really amazing* coffee, most coffee enthusiasts have an oversimplified grasp of the process. What is one of the keys that is commonly overlooked? This is the optimal water temperature for brewing coffee. And here’s why you can’t make a mistake with something like this:
- Wrong temperatures are a major source of frustration for coffee enthusiasts all around the world. The majority of individuals are unaware of how significant an influence taste has
- And, once you’ve resolved the issue, your coffee will taste far better.
This is one of the essentials of brewing outstanding coffee, therefore we recommend that you learn it as soon as possible.
The Best Water Temperature For Coffee Brewing
In general, the optimal coffee water temperature is between 195 and 205 degrees Fahrenheit, according to the majority of coffee specialists throughout the world. The coffee produced in this category just tastes better than the others. The reason behind this is as follows. Making coffee is a delicate balancing act. If you try to extract too much flavor from the coffee grinds, you’ll wind up with bitter and uninteresting coffee. If you extract too little, your coffee will be sour and thin. Read more about Does Coffee Have a Bitter Taste?
The temperature of the water has an effect on how soon the flavors are extracted from the ground.
- The extraction process is accelerated by using hotter water. The extraction is more slowly when the water is colder
When the water temperature goes below 195 degrees, the extraction pace is not as fast as it may be. You may try to make up for it by increasing the brewing time, but this is a difficult feat to do. When the temperature of your water rises above 205 degrees, you begin removing stuff at an alarming rate. You might try to make up for lost time by brewing for a shorter period of time, but this will be difficult. However, the brewing speed is best appropriate for most coffee makers between 195 and 205 degrees Fahrenheit.
This Is Why Coffee Pots Often MakeBadCoffee
Cheaper-end coffee makers (around $70) are available everywhere, and most people have used at least one of them at some point in their life. However, they are not truly intended to improve flavor; rather, they are intended to increase profit margins. This is why it’s such a huge deal: most lower-end coffee pots are incapable of heating the brewing water to temperatures higher than 195 degrees. Gasp! As a result, the coffee produced by standard drip coffee makers is often lacking in flavor. Due of the inability to achieve this optimal heat level, coffee is typically characterized by a taste that is weak, thin, and excessively acidic.
Here’s Why It Happened and What You Can Do About It (And it only gets worse when you use cheap coffee beans).
How To Always Using The Right Water Temperature (And Make Tastier Coffee)
You may use a few of tactics to make sure you never brew with water that’s either too hot or excessively cold again, and they’re rather simple to set up. It normally just takes 5 minutes or less, and you’ll be set to go for the rest of your life! If you’re heating water in a kettle or coffee pot for coffee, here’s what you should do:
- Get a sense of height (I promise it will be useful later). Water boils at 212 degrees Fahrenheit at sea level, however as altitude increases, the boiling point of water decreases. When you search up your elevation, you may find out exactly what temperature your water boils at
- However, this is not always accurate.
- Get a sense of height (I swear it’s important!). 212 degrees Fahrenheit is the boiling point of water at sea level
- However, as altitude increases, the boiling point of water decreases. It is possible to determine the precise temperature at which your water boils if you check up your height.
- Find your elevation (I guarantee you it’s important). Water boils at 212 degrees at sea level, however as altitude increases, the boiling temperature of water decreases. In the event that you search up your elevation, you will be able to determine the precise temperature at which your water boils
Using a coffee machine that automatically boils the water for you requires a slightly different approach:
- Inside the coffee pot, check the temperature of the water. Make use of a thermometer to determine just how hot it is in there at any one moment. For the best accurate reading, try to measure the water right before it’s ready to be used for the brewing process.
- If the water temperature is less than 195 degrees Fahrenheit and the flavor is sour or thin, you will need to extract more. However, because you are unable to control the temperature of the water, you might consider utilizing a finer grind size. In turn, this will accelerate the extraction of the grounds, which should assist to offset the slower extraction of the chilly water.
- If the water temperature is higher than 205 degrees Fahrenheit and it tastes harsh, you will need to extract less. Use coarser grind sizes so that the grounds will withdraw more slowly from the coffee machine. Hopefully, this will counteract the too rapid extraction from the hot water.
The ideal option is to heat the water on your own to ensure that it is at the proper temperature, but if you can’t, the instructions above should get you most of the way there.
Good Water Won’t Fix Bad Beans
If you attempt this and don’t see a significant difference, it’s likely that your coffee beans are the source of the problem rather than the water. No matter how you brew them, low-grade, over-roasted beans will taste harsh, too acidic, and lifeless because they have been over-roasted. That’s why we always recommend purchasing freshly roasted, specialty-grade coffee beans whenever possible. There is no other method to significantly improve the quality of your coffee (and hence the quality of your mornings) overnight.
Roasted in New York City
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Sign up to get news and special offers from time to time. | <urn:uuid:272b8935-df6a-4a33-a98b-d38cc2e25b14> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rockymountaincaters.com/all-about-coffee/how-hot-should-water-be-for-coffee-solution.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.934845 | 11,728 | 2.125 | 2 |
Virginia To Ban Electronic Gaming Machines In 2021
Virginia lawmakers were set to ban the 9,000-plus electronic gambling machines that operate in the state, but the ban was moved to 2021 since the machines provide additional revenue needed for Covid-19 services. Operators were prohibited from installing additional machines after July 1.
At the start of 2020, the Virginia General Assembly discussed banning the 9,000-plus electronic gaming machines operating in the state. However, in April, lawmakers decided to allow the machines to continue to operate for one more year to provide additional revenue for Covid-19 services.
Legislators determined the companies making the machines could place them in convenience stores, restaurants and truck stops until July 1. According to the Virginia Department of Taxation, in July the games generated about $12 million in tax revenue, which mostly went into the new Covid-19 relief fund.
Manufacturers of the machines claim they are games of skill, and therefore not banned by the state’s prohibition on gambling.
Senate Minority Leader Tommy Norment urged the Virginia Alcoholic Beverage Control Authority to closely monitor the machines to ensure operators are paying taxes on them and are not installing more of them. State Senator Janet Howell, chairwoman of the Senate Finance Committee, assured committee members that she and Governor Ralph Northam still agree that the machines will be banned by next June. | <urn:uuid:2502c63c-01c6-441e-9198-d302302946c6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.igamingplayer.com/virginia-to-ban-electronic-gaming-machines-in-2021/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.966391 | 279 | 1.570313 | 2 |
I received quite a number of good-quality commentary on my recent article The Establishment Blogger defined and I thought I’d honour those who took the time (and put in the thinking) to provide great feedback with a follow-up article.
There is only one key point that I want to make when writing about my favourite online activity. It is that it is important to always keep yourself subject to critical review — which, if you think about it, is the whole point of the comment facility in blogs. The blogger publishes his views and commenters keep him or her honest. Simple, isn’t it? It always becomes simple, really, whenever we take the time to reflect and get back to the basics. Perhaps that is something that the Philippine Mainstream Media (MSM) needs to re-visit. It has become a sorry excuse for its original role as the information dissemintation infrastructure of Pinoy society — inbred, hierarchical, and infested with personal agendas, vested interests, and incestuous relationships among its owners.
Mainstream Media still has its uses as long as we remain aware of how its quality assurance mechanism profoundly differs with that of emergent media such as blogs and digital social networks. Newspapers, magazines and television/radio news programs are edited media — i.e. their content is subject to editorial review and modification by a hierarchy of editors and other stakeholders. In principle that ensures that the accuracy and soundness of what is published or broadcast is assured. In the case of the MSM, validity is engineered into content.
In contrast, the validity and soundness of content in an unedited medium such as blogs is assured by natural selection. Like its genetic counterpart, memetic selection is messy and slow. It takes time and lots of competition for the process to come around to yielding quality. And even then, quality in such an environment does not follow any pre-conceived notions. Quality is inherent to the nature of the environment (and the competition within it) — which is why blogs cannot be subject to the same kinds of thinking applied to MSM. You cannot really hang medals on true bloggers because the real ones defer to their audience and the feedback they receive from them rather than to the approval of a contrived hierarchy.
Succes, for example, is when an idea “goes viral”. The term “going viral” precisely reflects the Darwinian nature of the “new” media. Viruses are arguably the most successful genetic patterns in the biosphere — because of their ability to transmit and replicate themselves at a pace that outstrips their enemies’ (and the natural roadblocks of their environment’s) ability to hinder their propagation. Ideas that survive, propagate, endure, and dominate in the blogosphere also do so following the same mechanism.
Perhaps those contrived hierachies built to recognise “good quality” blogs can be likened to dog breeders. Dog breeders, comprise the artificial selective agent, that yielded the hundred-odd pedigreed breeds of dogs. These breeds are prized for their beauty and utlity to humans, but their appeal follows preconceived notions of what is “desirable” (what we call taste) in a dog. However as any owner of a pedigreed dog can attest to, such animals are less likely to survive left on their own in the wild than their less-prized mongrel (“askal”) cousins. Pedigreed dogs are almost entirely dependent on human care — human formulated dog chow, lots of veterinary care, grooming, etc. Indeed, some dogs bred for “cuteness” like pugs and pekingese — which, because of their lack of protruding jaws, live their entire lives drooling and having difficulty breathing — were done up at the expense of their practical survival value.
Nature, in short, has her own opinion of what is desirable in a dog — and often the criteria she imposes do not necessarily agree with our polite human tastes. As such, mongrel askals can survive feeding on leftover human food and even on garbage. They can live to a ripe and robust old age without a single visit to the veterinarian.
And that’s what a true blogger is…
A true blogger is a mongrel, an askal — one who does not depend on acceptance within established hierarchies to survive, prosper, and even dominate its environment.
Too bad for those who’ve had their teeth bred out of them by the Establishment, as they will go through life drooling and yipping on the laps of the masters whose delight is the whole point of their existence. | <urn:uuid:39f22ef8-48ee-4bbe-a18d-96eecaa3a3df> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://getrealphilippines.wordpress.com/2010/03/21/mongrel-and-askal-bloggers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00390-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966343 | 961 | 1.703125 | 2 |
by Alex Kirby, Climate News Network, January 11, 2014
LONDON - With exquisite timing, as parts of Europe endure the worst storms for decades, researchers have issued a highly topical warning.
By the end of this century, they say, summer temperatures in parts of southern Europe are expected to be up to 5 °C higher than they were from 1961 to 1990, with droughts inevitably becoming more frequent and intense, because of both climate change and increased water use.
The researchers, from the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre (JRC) and the University of Kassel in Germany, have published their findings in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, an open-access journal of the European Geosciences Union (EGU). The scientific article is available online, free of charge.
“Our research shows that many river basins, especially in southern parts of Europe, are likely to become more prone to periods of reduced water supply due to climate change,” says Giovanni Forzieri, a researcher in climate risk management at the JRC and lead author of the study. In Europe the cost of drought over the last three decades has totalled over €100 billion (£83 bn).
The researchers wanted to find out if and where in Europe increasing temperatures and intensive water consumption could make future droughts more severe and long-lasting.
Marked regional differences
To do this they analysed climate and hydrological models under different scenarios up to 2100. They then used these projected conditions to drive a hydrological model that mimics the distribution and flow of water on Earth. By running this model until 2100 for all river basins in Europe, they could evaluate how drought conditions may change in magnitude and severity over the 21st century.
The research shows that southern Europe will be the most affected. Stream and river minimum flow levels may be up to 40% lower, with periods of water shortage up to 80% more frequent because of climate change alone in the Iberian Peninsula, the south of France, Italy and the Balkans.
Higher temperatures will result in more water evaporating from soil, trees and water and will also mean more frequent and prolonged dry spells. The emission scenario used in the study predicts that average global temperature will increase by up to 3.4 °C by 2100 above the years 1961 to 1990.
But regional rises are liable to be significantly greater, as for example in the case of the Iberian Peninsula, says Luc Feyen, a hydrologist at JRC and co-author of the paper.
Apart from climate warming, intensive water use will also worsen drought conditions by 10-30% in southern Europe, as well as in the west and centre of the continent, and in some parts of the UK.
In 2010 a study by the US National Center for Atmospheric Research projected serious drought impacts by the 2030s, and suggested those by the end of the century could surpass anything in the historical record.
In 2012 a report by the European Environment Agency, "Vulnerability to Water Scarcity and Drought in Europe - ETC/ICM Technical Report 3/2012," said there had been an observable increase in the number of countries affected by drought each decade from 1971 to 2011.
The occurrence of drought had increased significantly in the decade from 2001, not only in southern and central parts of the European Union, but in the northern and eastern parts of the bloc as well. | <urn:uuid:4bc0dfb8-a9a2-479d-a6a3-51d95097d748> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://climatechangepsychology.blogspot.com/2014/01/parts-of-europe-5-c-warmer-by-2100.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00518-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952924 | 699 | 3.71875 | 4 |
Introduction to Bogalusa, Louisiana
In 1906, the Great Southern Lumber Company mill was opened and a city was built around it for the workers. William H. Sullivan was town boss while the city was being built. Due to its rapid construction it was then called Magic City. On July 4, 1914, Bogalusa was incorporated as a city. It was Deacons for Defense and Justice’s center of activity in the mid - 1960s.
Bogalusa and nearby Attractions
- Collinswood School Museum
- Lake Pontchartrain Basin Maritime Museum
- Fairview - Riverside State Park
- Bogalusa Country Club
- Buccaneer State Park
Things To Do In Bogalusa
Once in the city, you can visit the local churches like Superior Avenue Baptist Church, Annunciation Catholic Church, Antioch Holiness Church of Christ, and Memorial Baptist Church. You may also take a trip to the museums like Lake Pontchartrain Basin Maritime Museum and UCM Museum. The parks like Fairview - Riverside State Park, Buccaneer State Park, and Percy Quin State Park offer facilities for fishing, swimming, and camping. They also includes play grounds and scenic trails.
Stennis International Airport provides facilities for air transportation.
Bogalusa Higher Education
Louisiana Technical College - Sullivian Campus is the local college. Apart from that, higher education can also be availed from Pearl River Community College and Southeastern Louisiana University. | <urn:uuid:fe212185-c6d6-433a-820b-f24e00a87b81> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.citytowninfo.com/places/louisiana/bogalusa | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00479-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95837 | 300 | 1.851563 | 2 |
John F. Kennedy
Q & A Following Address at the Economic Club of New York
delivered 14 December 1962, Waldorf Astoria Hotel, New York
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Question: There has been much talk in Washington and elsewhere of reductions in personal income tax rates to 15 percent for the lowest brackets, and 65 for the highest brackets, in personal income taxes, and for a reduction in corporate rates to 47 percent. What many of these questioners would like to know is, are those figures generally in the ball park?
President Kennedy: This legislation is going to have very difficult traveling at best, and I would suggest giving it at least the most favorable start we can, as I said in my speech, by permitting Mr. Dillon to present this before the Ways and Means Committee in January. So that I would suggest that the details of the tax reduction should wait upon presentation to the Ways and Means Committee. There might be something for everybody, though.
Question: Mr. President, my first question is: One of the great achievements of your legislative program this year was the passage of the Trade Expansion Act -- would you care to comment on your program in that area of the economy?
President Kennedy: We have, as you know, appointed former Secretary of State Herter to be our chief negotiator. He is assisted by Mr. Gossett, who was Vice President of the Ford Company. They will begin the discussions with the Common Market early in 1963. There are fourteen or fifteen hundred items. It will probably take well into 1963 -- I would say towards the end of '63 -- before both sides have prepared their positions. We are going to have an extremely difficult negotiation, particularly in agriculture. The United States has had a favorable market for its agricultural surpluses to Europe -- or its agricultural products; it has been our best dollar earner, it has really meant that our balance of payments has not been in more difficult position than it has been. Now, with the Common Market, with the prospect of Britain's joining, with the tremendous revolution in agricultural production which is about to hit Europe-France in particular -- the levies and the rates and the penalties which are placed on the introduction of agricultural commodities into Europe in the coming 3 or 4 months may be of decisive importance to us in our battle on the balance of payments, and also in our struggle to bring some sense out of the problems we face in American agriculture.
So I would say that Secretary Herter has really a responsibility comparable to what he had as Secretary of State, and one which ties into our security, because quite obviously unless we're able to meet our balance of payments in time, then we are going to have to find other means of solving it. As you know, it costs us about $3 billion a year because of national security expenditures. So that this goes to the heart of our ability to keep more than one million Americans in uniform who now are serving the United States outside the borders of the United States.
So that I think this is a very vital issue, and that is why I was particularly pleased that Mr. Herter accepted it. I'm glad to see in this New York Port Authority, the trade center that they are building, the effort that businesses are making to sell abroad. We still sell abroad much too little. As a percentage of our gross national product the United States sells abroad less than really almost any major industrialized country. We have never had before us the prospect of "export or die," and I think that if all those who are in positions of responsibility will think not only of the markets which may be abroad for investment, but also going up and down the streets and selling American products, they can make a decisive contribution to the maintenance of our balance of payments, and also serve the country and the free economy system.
So the next few months I think will be very decisive and the burdens of Mr. Herter will be very great.
Question: Mr. President, in view of the prospect for a deficit in any event, and a fairly large one if taxes are reduced, is it part of the Administration's plan to finance a major part of that deficit outside the banking system in order to reduce the threat of monetary inflation?
President Kennedy: That will be a judgment which is primarily that of Mr. Martin and the Federal Reserve. He has commented on that to a degree before the Joint Committee this year. He is concerned about the prospect of inflation, because of course it affects us adversely, and also because it affects the balance of payments. I would hope, however, and I'm sure that he will agree, that he will -- any deficit which has to be financed will be financed in a way which will be the maximum degree possible to stimulate the economy without increasing the prospect of another inflationary or speculative spiral. So it is a fine adjustment which Mr. Martin will make, but I'm sure that he will be as concerned as all of us are to get the benefit such as it may be out of the deficit, and also at the same time keep and use our monetary tools wisely enough to keep matters in control. His judgment will be, because of the Federal Reserve law, of course final.
Question: Mr. President, the strong attitude you took towards Khrushchev during the Cuban crisis has not only been applauded, but has improved the standing of our country throughout the free world. Don't you feel we would gain more respect and further improve our status by really implementing the Hickenlooper Amendment on American properties which are seized largely without compensation overseas, rather than just giving lip service?
President Kennedy: Well, I'm not sure I'd accept the premise of the question. The Hickenlooper Amendment is very clearly and sharply drawn. We are appointing a distinguished businessmen's committee to advise us on implementing the Hickenlooper Amendment. It's not altogether an easy job. We've got one controversy now in Turkey, which involves a default by a previous government which was overthrown, a number of the ministers executed, which was regarded as highly corrupt. The present government is reluctant to accept its obligations. We have the problem in Brazil where you have the seizure of some American property by local governors -- a local governor -- and we have looked to the National Government for relief.1 The Hickenlooper Amendment does not go wholly into effect for some months under its terms, but I can inform you that its provisions are being read to the finance minister of every state.
Question: Mr. President, this question cropped up in many forms. Here's one form of it: Are current tax plans giving any consideration to increased emphasis on consumption taxes by way of a broad base Federal excise tax in order to relieve some of the tax pressure on income from investment sources?
President Kennedy: Once again I'll pass.
Question: I should have chosen one of the other versions.
President Kennedy: When I was a Congressman I never realized how important Congress was, but now I do.
Question: I think I can paraphrase it by saying are you thinking about the possibility later on, perhaps, of using consumption or sales taxes in the tax packages that you're considering?
President Kennedy: No, I suppose I -- I assume what they mean is whether we are thinking of going the route which has been followed in France and some other countries of putting manufacturers' tax, and lessening the burden on income. I think on these details of the tax program that in your interest as well as mine we should wait.
Question: Mr. President, what progress has been made by our Latin American neighbors to effect tax reforms and economic reforms, so that they begin to carry their own weight under the Alliance for Progress?
President Kennedy: Well, we have made some progress in some countries. I made a reference the other day at the press conference that some efforts have been made certainly to meet the principles of the Alliance for Progress in Colombia. The President of Chile, who has been visiting us this week, is putting in a new tax program, some of which is causing some concern to American companies which have investments there, but I would say that we have made some progress in some countries. But tax reform is very difficult. It's a very appealing title. But as we know from the struggle which we had in the Congress this year, in our efforts to pass the 7-percent investment credit, and at the same time to collect taxes more effectively through withholding on dividends and interest, a tax which has been on the books for 20 years, tax reform, when we become more specific, does not carry with it the same popular support. They have the same difficulty.
I think that the situation in Latin America is very critical. I would say it represents the greatest challenge which the United States now faces, except for the direct matter of our dealings with the Soviet Union. And in some of the countries the situation is far less satisfactory -- the problems are staggering. And Brazil, which is a matter of great concern to us, is the largest country in Latin America, has a population 40 percent of which is under 20, substantially illiterate in some portions, particularly the northeast, living on an average income of $100 a year, some radicals in control in some areas, so I would say we face extremely serious problems in implementing the principles of the Alliance for Progress.
We do it with a good deal less resources than we did with the Marshall Plan. And in many ways the Marshall Plan was easier. We really only had to rebuild the plants in Europe. The manpower was there, the tradition was there, the resources were there. Latin America does not have the resources. It is dependent on two or three or four commodities for export, the prices of which have been dropping the last 3 years. It doesn't have the trained manpower or skills. It's trying to accomplish a social revolution under freedom under the greatest obstacles. So I think that we should continue our effort there and not lose heart, but I would say that we face -- and Latin Americans face-staggering problems in trying to solve it. We had the guest from Honduras whose population is 60 percent illiterate. We go through country after country in Central America, the same high illiteracy, high unemployment, bad health conditions. I would say that we are facing the job of doing this revolution under freedom, and it's probably the most difficult assignment the United States has ever taken on.
In addition, because of the atmosphere in some of the countries of Latin America, there has been a flight of capital out of there. The amount of assistance which we put in under the Alliance for Progress amounts to about $550 million a year. We have been losing capital out of Latin America either to Europe or because some of our companies don't feel like reinvesting because of the social conditions -- we have been losing capital at a faster rate than that out of Latin America, and with a drop in commodity prices in many ways their balance of payments is worse than it was 2 years ago. This is not the fault of the Alliance for Progress. It's the fault of the very desperate situation which these countries face: 180 million people with a chance that their population will be 600 million by the year 2000, with no particular expectation that their raw materials will dramatically increase. So I think that this deserves the attention and hard work and sympathy of us all, and not walk away because the problems are unsolved.
Question: Mr. President, many of the questions submitted dealt with monetary policies, and the central theme seemed to be whether it will be possible and desirable to use a little easy money stimulation as well as tax reduction. And to quote from one of the shorter questions, "Why not ease up on money?"
President Kennedy: Well, I think there is a good supply of credit. I think the Federal Reserve Board has attempted to keep credit as free as it could, and the supply of money has been increased with the growth of the economy. I think it would be very difficult to keep it easier than it now is, without having the short term funds pour out at a higher rate than they are. After all, we have seen when Canada put its interest rates up, I think as high as 7 percent, though it has dropped them now, it affected the flow of capital here. In October, we had several cases of major investments using our markets because of our interest rates. The fact of the matter is that I'm not sure that we would get much stimulation out of the economy, but I don't see how we could possibly afford easier money than we now have, and still not have a hemorrhage at our balance of payments.
I think we have a major problem to balance off the use of monetary policy here at home and affecting our balance of payments abroad, and also that is one of the good arguments, and as a matter of fact I think that we can make the case which I think has almost unanimously been made in Europe, that the United States monetary policy in some ways is too loose, while our fiscal policy is too tight.2 And it is for that reason that the International Banks in Europe and others have suggested that the reverse would be more appropriate. I think we should attempt to keep monetary policy about where it is, try to liberalize fiscal policy, for the reasons that I've given tonight, but I don't see how we could possibly go any further in the direction of easier credit, while we have a balance of payments which is against us by over two and a half billion dollars a year.
Question: Mr. President, there are a number of questions about Cuba. This is a brief one. Is there a firm policy on getting the Russian manpower out of Cuba?
President Kennedy: Mr. Khrushchev in his agreement only committed himself to the withdrawal of the missiles and the bombers, and the manpower which was connected with the maintenance of those forces. That would amount to several thousand. In addition, he stated that he would, though he did not put a time limit on this, he would be withdrawing other elements. But that guarantee is not as precise and that commitment has not been implemented, nor was it as hard as his others, which he has kept. So this must be a matter of continuing concern, and is the reason why we are maintaining observation and verification by our own means daily, and why we will continue to do so. And while the matter of Cuba, therefore, still remains unsettled, as long as it's a Soviet military base, it of course represents a threat to peace in the Caribbean. On the other hand, it does not represent an offensive threat under present conditions, nor will it be, of course, permitted to do so.
Question: Mr. President, we received many questions which reflected some fear that if your tax message were to call for many of the tax reforms discussed from time to time by some of your advisers, the effect might offset the favorable impact of a tax reduction itself. The specific question that we decided to select here was this: "Why not have a moratorium on reform until we get back to full employment?"
President Kennedy: Well, the purpose of reform really is directed to the encouraging of growth and employment. I quite agree that to launch into a full scale battle on general reform for academic reasons would be unwise. The central purpose behind the reform must therefore be to encourage those changes in our tax laws which will encourage economic growth for that purpose, and not merely because it might have some longer range interest or significance. The primary job will be to encourage the flow of capital into those areas which stimulate the national growth and not diminish it. But it is going to be a tough fight, because once you spell out, as I said before, reform, it's bound to affect adversely the interests of some, while favoring the interests of others. Therefore reform may be a longer task, and we are anxious that in the effort to get reform, that we do not lose the very important matter of tax reduction for the sake of the economy.
I know that I am not satisfying you, and I know this is going to be the major matter before the Congress, this matter of affording a tax cut at a time when we have a deficit. But I do point out that the largest peacetime deficit, which was the '58 deficit of $12.5 billion, came at a time when President Eisenhower believed that he had presented a balanced budget, and the reason of course was the recession of '58. The biggest deficit comes historically -- and it has been proved, in 1958, 1960 -- because of a recession. That is what would really knock our budget out of shape. So that as I tried to say in my speech, we are not faced with the question of balancing our budget, or having a tax reduction. I believe we are faced with the fact that we are going to have a deficit mostly because of the sharp rise in the recent years in space and defense, and to increase our taxes sufficient to bring that budget into balance would be defeating, because of course it would provide a heavy deflationary effect on our economy, and move us into a recession at an accelerated rate. So I hope that you gentlemen will realize that we are not talking about irresponsibly increasing the deficit. We have a deficit which is already on the books. What I am concerned about is the kind of deficit we would have if we had a recession, and while the prospects for a recession are not certainly imminent before us, we do have to look at our historical record and realize that any society such as ours, particularly with the tax structure such as ours, must face that prospect at some time. So that we have to decide which kind of a deficit do we want, and for what reason, and which in the longer run offers us the better prospect of bringing our books into balance.
In addition, we are hopeful, as the Minuteman begins to come into our defenses, that we will be able to bring our defense expenditures to a level, unless we have a severe international emergency, which in a period of the not-to-distant future will cap off our defense expenditures. The Minuteman will be coming in great quantities. A large portion of our increases in defense in the next budget are due, one, to the pay increase for the military, and they have not had one since 1958, and they are far behind civilian and the other civilian employees of the Government, and for new weapons, of equipping the new divisions which we've built up, the conventional forces, and bringing into our arsenal the Minuteman. And when we have the Minuteman in quantity, Secretary McNamara believes it will be possible to peak off, and not have this steadily rising expenditure in defense.
I want to point out that we have increased in conventional forces in the last 2 years the number of our divisions from 11 to 16, and we are also providing equipment for 22 divisions in case it were necessary to mobilize our Guard. We have six divisions in Europe, and we have the equipment for two more. Now, I think the Cuban incident indicated the importance of a strong conventional force. The greatest factor on our side was the fact that we had superior conventional strength on the scene, and it would have been necessary to equalize that strength for the Soviets to initiate the use of nuclear weapons, which of course they were quite reluctant to do.
Now, in other areas we do not have a satisfactory conventional position. General Clay is more familiar with this than any man, and this is true in Western Europe. The United States is doing its part, but other countries of NATO have not met their quotas. Up until 2 or 3 years ago, the United States had its six divisions in Western Europe, its two divisions in South Korea, and its three divisions in the airborne Reserve here in the United States, and that's all. Now we have increased by five divisions, and therefore with the obligations that we bear all the way from South Korea through South Viet-Nam to Berlin, as well as our obligations in this hemisphere, I think it was only prudent to increase our conventional as well as our nuclear force. That and our commitment to space have been the big burdens in our budget. Space will continue to rise, but not excessively. Defense we hope to cap off, and that's why I believe that we are not getting in a position where we will be out of control, providing we can maintain a steady rise in our economic growth.
Question: Mr. President, why shouldn't the United States emphasize foreign aid by means of technical and material assistance from the United States private firms, backed by United States credit guarantees, rather than the prevalent government-to-government gifts which rarely help American exports? For instance, a large part of the industrial equipment being installed in India and in South America is coming from Europe on long-term credit, rather than from U.S. plants, in spite of our aid to these countries.
President Kennedy: It is a fact that the United States has given economic assistance, particularly to India, at low rates of interest and with years of grace, while the other members of the consortium have given their assistance on rather short terms and high rates of interest. The fact of the matter is that the United States has carried an excessive burden in foreign assistance, in relation to Western Europe, but not in relation to need. Now, we spend about $1 .7 billion to $1.8 billion in foreign assistance which goes of course to the Pentagon to buy surplus equipment, so therefore it's an addition to our own available funds. Then we have another $2 billion which we give in the form of loans, some of which are reasonably hard, and some of which are soft, but we are emphasizing loans. Now, for that $2 billion, we sustain South Korea, which has 40 percent unemployed; it's been the country which has been the major beneficiary. There is not any doubt that it would go under immediately if the United States ceased its economic assistance. Fifty thousand Americans were killed to protect South Korea. We carry the load, not so much, but still some, on Nationalist China, and we carry a very heavy load in Viet-Nam. Viet-Nam would collapse instantaneously if it were not for United States assistance. We carry a heavy load in Thailand, India, Pakistan, Iran, Turkey, and Greece. We also carry some burden in Africa, about $250 million. I had the President of Somalia to visit me 2 weeks ago -- the average income for Somalia per capita is $45 a year.
When we see how difficult it is to get the Communists out once they get in, when we see the trouble that Cuba has caused, when we see that there is not one Communist regime yet in control in Africa, or indeed in Asia, other than those in North Viet-Nam, North Korea, and China, it seems to me that for this $a billion, that considering that we put $51 or $52 billion into our defense, we are going to put nearly $5 billion into space, $5.5 billion into veterans, 19.5 billion in interest in our debt, $7 billion into agriculture, about $4 billion into public assistance -- it seems to me that for that $2 billion,. which covers the Alliance for Progress, assistance to India, which has 40 percent of all the underdeveloped people of the world, I think that we should embark with some care on any effort to cut it out.
Now, what we are trying to do is cut the dollar loss, which is the real burden; and we are cutting it this year from $1.3 billion, which was the dollar loss in foreign aid, to $800 million. We have increased the support for the Export-Import Bank. We are trying to tie all of our assistance to American purchases, and we hope to have it 80 percent tied, even though it does cost us some more doing it. But if you are going to build a school or a hospital, some local assistance is needed, and most of these countries are bankrupt-Colombia and Brazil and the others. So I would like to cut out foreign aid. It's very unpopular. It is a hard fight each year. President Eisenhower had the same struggle, and so did President Truman.
General Clay, as you know, is heading a committee3 with Mr. Lovett, Eugene Black, Mr. McCollum, and others, to look into this program. But I must say I am reminded of Mr. Robert Frost's motto about not taking down a fence until you know why it is put up, and this is a method by which the United States maintains a position of influence and control around the world, and sustains a good many countries which would definitely collapse or pass into the Communist bloc. Now, India, as I said, has 500 million people. We have been digging our way out of the loss of China for the last 12 years, and my successor in office may have to deal with the problem of a China which is carrying out an expansionary policy with nuclear weapons and missiles. But for India to go, it would seem to me that the whole balance of power in the world would change. So I think that talking about $2 billion -- what really concerns me is that Western Europe does not do its part on aid, considering the great increase in its own balance of payments position. And I do believe also that the United States should tie as much as possible. But I certainly would be reluctant to see this program abandoned, because really I put it right up at the top of the essential programs in protecting the security of the United States, not for any reasons of long-range good it may do, though it does do that, but if somebody said -- and I know President Eisenhower feels the same way, because for 2 years he's played an important role in getting that program by -- if somebody said which programs of the United States Government really contribute to the maintenance of our position around the world, I would have to put this up near the top. But General Clay can make his judgment, and I think whatever judgment he makes can give this program a very important imprimatur.
Question: Mr. President, I simply ran out of questions. All I'd like to say to you is congratulations on your answers, and thank you, Mr. President.
President Kennedy: Thank you very much.
1 "On February 16 Governor Leonel Brizzola [sic] ordered the expropriation of the Companhia Telefonica Nacional, a subsidiary of the American firm International Telephone and Telegraph. The Brazilian Government compensated the company in the amount of $140,000. ITT valued CTN's assets at between $6 and $8 million." [Source: Memorandum of Conversation , 19 February 1962 at http://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/kennedyjf/xii/35154.htm] See detailed entry in Ruth Leacock's Requiem for Revolution
3 The Committee to Strengthen the Security of the Free World. The committee's effective dates of operation were February 1st to March 10th of 1963. Members included General Lucius Clay (Chair), Robert A. Lovett, George Meany, Edward S. Mason, Eugene Black, Robert B. Anderson, L. F. McCollum, Herman Phleger, and Clifford Harden.
Also in this database: John F. Kennedy Speech to the Economic Club of New York
Audio and Image Source: John F. Kennedy Presidential Library
Original Text Source: The American Presidency Project
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Most days, I wake up early and start my day at the breakfast table in our kitchen. The window looking into our backyard allows me to watch the sun usher in a new day. It’s a daily reminder that God’s mercies are new every morning. I need that reminder.
Several weeks ago, while going through my morning routine, something caught my attention. My backyard is shrouded in color from Azaleas and Day Lilies. Red. Yellow. White. Purple. It’s gorgeous. But these didn’t catch my eye. Instead, it was a barren bush.
Even though this bush has always been in my backyard, it wasn’t until the Azaleas and Day Lilies were in full bloom that I noticed it wasn’t growing. No flowers. No fruit. No leaves. It wasn’t dead, but it certainly wasn’t thriving.
Looking out my window that morning, I wanted to pull up the bush. It looked hideous. It might as well have been dead.
I think marriages are a lot like my backyard. Some are blooming. Reds. Yellows. Blues. These relationships are healthy and thriving. Other marriages are like the bush. They aren’t dead, but they’re stagnant. And when marriages are stagnant, they might as well be dead.
In life, this plays out as two people simply living in the same home. Two people who decide to stay together for the kids. Two people who stay “married” because it’s advantageous for them socially, economically, or financially.
But this isn’t God’s design. As the creator of marriage, God desires marriages to thrive. So, why don’t all marriages grow and flourish? Just like the bush, something happens to prevent it from producing leaves and flowers. When this bush was purchased, it was capable of thriving. But something happened. The soil was nutrient-deficient. Animals wounded it.
The same is true for marriage. I believe the fruit of marriage is intimacy. An intimate marriage is a healthy marriage. And, where intimacy is lacking, something has happened. Here are 10 types of marriages that will never experience intimacy.
1.) The “scorekeeping” marriage.
For many years, I approached marriage like a competition. But marriages aren’t competitions. Competitions have winners. Each side takes whatever steps necessary to win. This includes manipulating, exciting fear, or talking trash to gain an advantage. For years, I did things for Tiffani because I wanted her to do things for me. And when she didn’t do those things, I pulled out my scoreboard to remind her she has some catching up to do.
Healthy marriages don’t do this. Why? They are built on intimacy. And scorekeeping robs marriage of intimacy. In marriage, the scoreboard should constantly sit at 0-0. Tying might be terrible for competitors, but it’s the path to intimacy in marriage.
2.) The “me, my, and mine” marriage.
If your goal is to suck the life out of your marriage, here’s some advice. Be a taker. Look first to fulfill your own needs. Start most of your conversations with “me,” “my,” or “mine.” Make it about you.
Intimacy can’t thrive in a relationship where even one person makes it about them. Write this down: the degree to which you experience joy in marriage (and life, in general) is the degree to which you are a giver.
The oxygen for marriage is selflessness. Take that away, it’s only a matter of time.
3.) The “co-dependent” marriage.
Co-dependency says another person is responsible for your acceptance, affirmation, and identity. Your spouse completes you. Your spouse is the primary one responsible for your joy.
But as long as you’re co-dependent on another person, you can’t be totally dependent on God.
The side effects of not depending totally on God are devastating. You will try to change your spouse, believing a better version of your spouse will make your marriage healthier. You will refuse to say what needs to be said out of fear your spouse will leave.
And, most importantly, you will be more concerned with your spouse’s acceptance of you than God’s plan for you. Your thoughts, actions, and desires will be ultimately for your spouse, and not for God.
4.) The “controlling” marriage.
Here’s what controlling a marriage doesn’t have: authenticity and vulnerability. A marriage can’t thrive without these two values. You see, controllers pretend to have it all together. And, ironically, the very thing they use to acquire success in the real world destroys their marriage…dominance.
Many controlling people manipulate, isolate, and degrade to get their way. This mentality, however, won’t work in marriage. Not if you want to experience intimacy and joy.
Find me a controlling marriage and I will show you a surviving relationship, at best. I will show you a marriage where two people exist in the same house but have no real connection.
Love isn’t something you can manufacture. It isn’t something you can find by beating people into submission. It can only be experienced when two people mutually submit to one another.
5.) The “grass is greener” marriage.
On more than one occasion, especially early in my marriage, I compared my marriage to those around me. I often thought, “Why can’t I have their relationship? Why is their relationship going so well and mine going to poop?”
And I am convinced this is why my marriage struggled so mightily. Here’s the deal. No marriage is void of difficulty. If your marriage isn’t difficult, you have probably given up on it. Anything worth having is difficult. Especially something like marriage. A relationship Satan wants to destroy.
Younger couples, especially, don’t believe the lie. The grass isn’t greener. When you look at marriages around you, you see a picture from 5,000 feet. At that height, everything looks pretty. But if you choose the “other side,” you will have to land your plane there. And you will discover that, on the surface, their grass no different from yours. It has dead spots, weeds, and areas where neighborhood dogs decided to relieve themselves.
6.) The “sex solves everything” marriage.
Sex solves problems. Don’t get me wrong. But sex isn’t the antidote for every issue in marriage, despite the Hollywood narrative. Hollywood says sex solves everything. Did you cheat on your spouse? Have sex with them. Everything is good again. Oh, you said something that caused your spouse to cry? No worries. Just invite them to have sex.
Hollywood has elevated marriage to god status. And this is unfortunate because marriage is designed to point you and your spouse to God, not be your god. I love sex. But it’s not the “quick fix” to every problem in your marriage. Let’s give marriage, and sex, more credit than that.
I would assume this is something animals do. Use sex to fix issues and that sort of thing. But we’re not animals. We image-bearers of God. So, let’s take sex off the throne and put God there.
7.) The “happily ever after” marriage
I wanted the happily ever after marriage. I remember coming home the day after our wedding and thinking to myself, “Is this it?”
It wasn’t that my marriage sucked. Not at all. I was disillusioned. I bought the lie that says marriage is always this amazing ride full of amazing experiences. Meanwhile, here I was in my little home getting dressed for another day at work. Where’s the magic in that?
Years later, I realize my understanding of marriage was built on fantasy. There’s no such thing as happily ever after. Not in life. Not in marriage. Marriage, instead, refines you, tearing away layers of selfishness. This is the opposite of happiness. But it’s the essence of joy and intimacy. Let go of any idea that marriage is a mix of cloud hopping and unicorns.
Marriage is a marathon with bumpy roads and multiple intersections. But, in the end, you receive a prize happiness can’t provide. A man or woman less focused on self and more reliant on God.
8.) The “I’m not worthy of love” marriage.
If you believe you aren’t worthy of love, you’re right. If you believe you are worthy of love, you’re also right. But only people who believe they are worthy of love will experience intimacy. I know you have baggage. I get it. You have an annoying laugh. Your snack of choice is orange peels with mayonnaise (No lie. I had a teacher in 8th grade who ate this every day. Needless to say, I hate orange peels and mayonnaise today because of her).
No one, regardless of their past mistakes or weird eating habits, is unworthy of love. You’re a child of God, and no child of God has disqualified himself of herself from love.
“I am not worthy of love” spouses are scared to show all their cards because they believe showing their cards will destroy their marriage. But in holding back some cards, they destroy their marriage. Joy and intimacy in marriage are found where two people are fully known. Is this risky? Yes. Is there a chance your spouse won’t like you if you show all your cards? There’s a chance.
But healthy relationships are risky relationships. And there’s no chance your spouse will love if you don’t allow yourself to be fully known.
9.) The “guilty until proven innocent” marriage.
In Donald Miller’s newest book Scary Close he highlights a conversation with a man named John. John is a human trafficking prosecutor for the U. S. Department of Justice. Towards the end of the conversation, John says this, “You want to know what they (rapists, murderers, and leaders of child sex-trafficking rings) have in common?…They all think people are out to get them.”
That’s a powerful statement. To say it another way, they believe all people are guilty until proven innocent. It’s the mantra of the court of public opinion.
Unfortunately, this court affects marriages. If you believe people are out to get you, your marriage won’t experience intimacy. It can’t. Healthy relationships thrive on trust. Okay, you’ve been wounded. You trusted someone, and they stabbed you in the back. But this is what makes love risky…and rewarding. You must be vulnerable. You must be willing to take a shot or two.
If the life of Jesus shows us anything, it shows us love is risky. It hurts. But the intimacy available as a result of authenticity and trust is worth any pain you might experience.
10.) The “conditional commitment” marriage
Intimacy is only possible in a safe environment. And safe environments are the product of covenants. Covenants aren’t ruled-based contracts. They are love-based commitments. Our culture has no framework for covenants. And that’s dangerous. Without covenants, you wouldn’t be a child of God. Covenants are unbreakable. They are holy, divine, sacred, and eternal.
Marriage is a covenant. It shows the world God’s nature and character unlike any relationship on earth. That’s real stuff. Maybe this explains why God hates divorce (Mal. 2:16).
When marriage is a conditional commitment, you must perform for your spouse. You must guard your inner thoughts and actions. You must tip-toe around the relationship, hoping to avoid big mistakes. Ultimately, you must work from a foundation of fear. But covenant love is void of fear. It is love not dependent on behavior. It not only encourages but thrives on two people being fully themselves.
If your marriage is rooted in fear, it’s not led by God. Perfect love drives out fear (1 John 4:18). And perfect love is only possible inside of a covenant. A never ending, never failing, abounding in grace and forgiveness, covenant.
Marriage has the power to transform lives. When it thrives, the fruit is something beautiful, something divine and sacred. It points people to God.
No matter where you are on the journey, don’t miss this: God wants your marriage to thrive. He doesn’t want you to simply live in the same house as your spouse. He doesn’t want you to stay together for the kids. He wants you to grow together, intimately, for his glory. It is never too late to let go of the marriages in this post. Your marriage isn’t too far gone. That’s a lie from Satan.
What if every person reading this made a commitment to let go of everything in their present or future marriage that doesn’t lead to intimacy? Satan would hang his head, feeling defeated. And that would only point the world to the reality. He is defeated. God is victorious. That’s a message I want to spread.
What types of marriages do you believe will never experience intimacy? Leave a comment below. Let’s continue the conversation.
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To start off the Sepoys were a group of Indian soldiers that worked for the European forces. These soldiers worked for the East Indian Company's army. In May 1857 they started a mutiny, or a rebellion. This brought on many other rebellions, and basically a war for independence.
There were many economic, religious, political, and military reasons behind the revolts. The Indians themselves had pure hatred for the British. This also was not an overnight deal. It took about a year, it was more of a war then a simple rebellion.
During the sixteenth and seventeenth century the East Indian Company, traded the Indians for textiles, and other goods for gold and other metals. This was going really good, but the British government put a ban on the Indian textiles. Then in turn the Industrial Revolution was happening and the British were able to make their own textiles. So they stopped buying them from the Indians. But they bought their basic materials from them. This made it really hard for the small families that made their living on making textiles to sell.
With the new changes, and the East Indian Company making a huge profit on this new system, the unemployment rate in India was going up. These people were getting very upset with the British rule. Soon the economy was completely controlled by the East Indian Company, and they did nothing to improve the conditions for the people. The British then started taking peoples land from them, this enraged them. When they were taken over by the British the men in the army lost their jobs as well, this caused about 60,000 families to loose everything. Last but not least, all of the people who held any political job lost their job as well. The Indian people were loosing everything they had.
The British had missionaries go to the Indian territories, to make them convert to Christianity. The missionaries constantly made fun of the ways of the Muslim and Hindu people. They even went as far as... | <urn:uuid:062b5659-9505-4648-a9dc-4a9dd35a3f6f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.studymode.com/essays/Sepoy-Rebellion-713880.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00493-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989592 | 397 | 3.609375 | 4 |
On May 22, students at both Quest Forward Academies in Omaha and Santa Rosa participated in the 2019 Gallery Walk, the first such event of its kind. This virtual event, held as a real-time video conference, provided students with the opportunity to showcase and celebrate the artifacts they produced this year. The Gallery Walk connected the two Academy campuses, bringing together students, mentors, Opportunity Education team members (curriculum directors, managers, and quest designers), as well as other interested guests.
Students presented the artifacts they created and talked about the skills associated with each artifact. Not only did they represent a wide array of subjects and interests, but they also practiced and demonstrated their creative abilities and communication skills. Each Academy selected 10-12 students to present within a specific time frame. Because Academy students are at the core of the Opportunity Education mission, this event provided a forum for students to come into contact with the wider OE community and to celebrate their accomplishments.
“As I was watching this live, the quality of the work the students were showing was striking to me. Really impressive for 9th and 10th graders. Just as impressive, I think, was their ability to articulate why they produced their artifacts — why they chose to do what they did. They are mature, confident, capable presenters at 9th and 10th grade. They were reflective about their own strengths and limitations, spoke to how they could grow further and revise their work product to be even better, and talked about the habits and skills they gained while creating this work. It was incredible to see.”
– Manuel Mattke, President and COO, Opportunity Education
Lining the Halls
The hallways and classrooms of Quest Forward Academy Omaha are lined with student artifacts. Mentor Jennifer Dalbey says of the ever-evolving gallery, “The posted artifacts serve two purposes: The first is to demonstrate the kind of unique work our students perform at the school, and, since we are on a college campus, we [wanted to have] student work visible to those passing by. Second, we want students to be inspired by others’ work, and it helps students see exemplary work.” There is a space for every subject in the hallway: pottery from art, essays and persuasive advertisements from English, informative posters and slideshows from Social Sciences, documented experiments from Science, and posters that demonstrate the application of Math in the real world. This space is a visual celebration of student growth and learning. | <urn:uuid:fc863307-bd0f-4da3-89ba-3733a95b9a12> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://opportunityeducation.org/gallery-walk-2019-a-virtual-student-showcase/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.975077 | 507 | 1.859375 | 2 |
There's great excitement at Windsor Hill Wood this week. A dream has finally come true: after a year of research and saving and all manner of snags, our new woodfuel boiler has finally been installed and commissioned. So now, as we slide towards winter, we can heat the house entirely through our own timber. And since all our electricity is 100% renewable (thanks to Good Energy), we are – but for the car and the chainsaw – inching towards the promised land of "carbon neutral".
I doubt I need to explain why we've long yearned to be free of gas or oil. It seems completely crazy to me to be managing a beautiful British woodland and yet to have to buy fuel from Russia or Saudi Arabia. There's a gentle patriotism, as well as convinced environmentalism, in the satisfaction we get from heating the house with a fuel that we have felled, cross-cut, split, stacked, stored, loaded and lit ourselves. And it will be even more satisfying in 10 or 15 years' time, when we can add "planted" to the beginning of that list.
Now I know that a woodfuel system isn't for everyone. If you've got a hopper full of wood pellets that are fed into the boiler automatically it's not too bad, but if you're using logs it's a lot of work. You'll have to load and light the boiler each morning and keep an eye on it through the day. And if, as we are, you're growing and felling your own fuel rather than just having logs delivered, you will face a hefty amount of labour. Some estimates suggest that during all those tasks I've just listed (the felling, cross-cutting, etc) you'll handle the wood eight or nine times at least. No need for a gym. We'll probably get through between 10 and 15 tonnes during the autumn and winter, so we're going to be swinging the axe even more than that berk George Osborne.
Add to that the fact that the whole caboodle takes up a lot of space: we've now got a dedicated boiler room the size of a small bedroom to house the 25kW Vigas boiler, the 1,500-litre accumulator tank and the expansion vessel. And although the boiler's great, it's not a beautiful black cast-iron stove with mullion-like windows through which you can watch the dancing flames. It's a large grey industrial box. And it's not, of course, cheap.
But we love it. The fact that some of us have sweated to make the radiators warm means that we're now much more careful about just whacking up the thermostat or about leaving doors and windows open. In fact, you quickly learn that the best way to get warm is actually to get outside and go and swing the axe again. Nor is the cost prohibitive: we got a 1,500-quid grant from the Energy Saving Trust, and the Renewable Heat Incentive will (allegedly) start up next year, which means that we'll earn a fixed income for every kilowatt hour of heat we produce, a bit like the electricity "feed-in tariffs". And above all, our fuel is free. All of which means that it should pay for itself within three or four years.
The whole thing has also got me thinking. I've often thought that the reason there's an epidemic of depression in contemporary life is that we all find it far too easy to survive: it's such a doddle to find food, to warm ourselves, to clothe ourselves. We live surrounded by incredible comfort and yet are completely removed from our primitive instincts. That, presumably, is why survivalism and post-apocalyptic fiction and films are so incredibly popular and why, I guess, there's an unprecedented craze for bushcraft: they all take us back to a simpler life that many of us secretly long for, a life in which we struggle for the basics and forget all the ephemera.
And that, for me, is the attraction of heating with wood: it takes us back to the basics of survival – to providing for ourselves. And, as a writer, it's great to produce another, much more literal and tangible, kind of hot air. | <urn:uuid:040d8b91-79ad-4d80-ae1a-255e84291715> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2010/oct/24/a-life-less-ordinary-woodfuel | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00573-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969332 | 880 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Knowledge is power, and we all know this. It’s the bright flame that removes the darkness of ignorance. Education is what leads to knowledge and it is essential for all children to live their right to go to school. In a country like Singapore, all children no matter how they are, are provided with equal
Chemistry is around us everywhere in all forms ranging from the food we eat to the clothes we wear. Hence chemistry is one of the subjects that is the main pre-requisite to many courses in the university. It is a versatile subject and acts as an interconnecting bridge that connects various areas in the field
Mathematics is admittedly a challenging subject because by nature, it has abstract concepts and various nuances to it. The interesting part is that this subject has various forms of real-life applications, meaning, we can see mathematics being manifested all around us in various ways. Internalising mathematical concepts can be easy for some students while others
Economics is a subject that may seem challenging to begin with, but really, it isn’t as such in reality. However, to get to that stage of ease with the subject is the real fight. It is difficult to understand concepts that seem broad and on top of that there are so many details that makes
Not many are aware of what the IB programme is and being first-timers in entering this so-called unconventional territory may be scary in a lot of ways. Choosing the right subjects is of paramount importance because it determines one’s career path; and parenthetically, this is exactly the reason why it is a stressful decision-making process. | <urn:uuid:c5008539-6079-4ee5-9f6c-0562106209cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.championtutor.com/blog/category/learning-skills/page/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.976721 | 331 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Want to run the latest apps but aren't interested in the whole mobile thing? BlueStacks has you covered. The software which allows Android apps to run seamlessly on Windows machines has recently entered private beta stage, and boasts the ability to run Android apps full screen and with GPU acceleration.
The latest build can execute apps compiled for ARM processors (via the Android NDK), emulate sensors such as the accelerometer, and can even recognise track pad gestures like pinch to zoom. The technology responsible for all this functionality is called LayerCake, an impressive abstraction layer which AMD's Manju Hegde describes as "...a disruptive technology that enables PC manufacturers to bring the best of the Android ecosystem to their customers."
BlueStacks comes with pre-bundled 'featured' apps such as Evernote, but can also download apps from Google's new Play Store. This means you can play the newly released Angry Birds Space without paying a single cent, or perhaps run from ancient curses in the well received game Temple Run. It's also a good way to try out the Android platform before deciding to purchase expensive hardware.
If you're already in the Android ecosystem, BlueStacks has some nifty synchronisation features that you can leverage. Apps, photos and even SMS messages can be synced between your phone and PC via the BlueStacks CloudConnect software on the Play Store.
Existing methods of running Android apps on Windows machines include the official Android emulator (as part of the Android SDK), or virtual machines with an x86 copy of Android. The former is quite slow, and the latter is inconvenient and lacks proper GPU/sensor support.
Sign-ups are currently open for the beta of BlueStacks. Check out the software in action in the video below. | <urn:uuid:8fc19af6-2d72-49d4-ac76-d5a0cdb6294c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pcauthority.com.au/News/295175,running-android-apps-effortlessly-on-windows-gets-closer-to-reality.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00074-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938734 | 360 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Capital Controls: Gates versus Walls
This paper examines the pattern of controls on capital inflows, and the association of these controls on financial variables, GDP, and exchange rates. A key point of the paper is the distinction between long-standing controls on a broad range of assets (walls) and episodic controls that are imposed and removed, and tend to be on a narrower set of assets (gates). The paper presents a new data set that differentiates between controls on different categories of assets for a set of 44 advanced and emerging market economies over the 1995 to 2010 period. The imposition of episodic controls is found to not follow the prescriptions of theories that suggest first imposing controls on international asset inflows that are most likely to contribute to financial vulnerability. Estimates show significant differences in the partial correlations of long-standing and episodic controls with the growth of financial variables and with GDP growth, but these differences seem to arise because countries with long-standing controls are poorer than the other countries in the sample. With a few exceptions, there is little evidence of the efficacy of capital controls on the growth of financial variables, the real exchange rate, or GDP growth at an annual frequency. These preliminary results raise doubts about assumptions behind recent calls for a greater use of episodic controls on capital inflows.
|Date of creation:||Nov 2012|
|Publication status:||published as Michael W. Klein, 2012. "Capital Controls: Gates versus Walls," Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, vol 2012(1), pages 317-367.|
|Contact details of provider:|| Postal: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.|
Web page: http://www.nber.org
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References listed on IDEAS
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- Maurice Obstfeld & Kenneth S. Rogoff, 1996. "Foundations of International Macroeconomics," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262150476, March.
- Obstfeld, Maurice, 1992.
"Risk-Taking, Global Diversification, and Growth,"
CEPR Discussion Papers
688, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Obstfeld, Maurice, 1993. "Risk-Taking, Global Diversification, and Growth," Center for International and Development Economics Research (CIDER) Working Papers 233197, University of California-Berkeley, Department of Economics.
- Maurice Obstfeld, 1992. "Risk-Taking, Global Diversification, and Growth," NBER Working Papers 4093, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Maurice Obstfeld., 1993. "Risk-Taking, Global Diversification, and Growth," Center for International and Development Economics Research (CIDER) Working Papers C93-016, University of California at Berkeley.
- Maurice Obstfeld, 1992. "Risk-taking, global diversification, and growth," Discussion Paper / Institute for Empirical Macroeconomics 61, Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
- Forbes, Kristin J. & Warnock, Francis E., 2012.
"Capital flow waves: Surges, stops, flight, and retrenchment,"
Journal of International Economics,
Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 235-251.
- Kristin J. Forbes & Francis E. Warnock, 2011. "Capital Flow Waves: Surges, Stops, Flight, and Retrenchment," NBER Chapters, in: Global Financial Crisis National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Kristin J. Forbes & Francis E. Warnock, 2011. "Capital Flow Waves: Surges, Stops, Flight, and Retrenchment," NBER Working Papers 17351, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Jay C. Shambaugh, 2004. "The Effect of Fixed Exchange Rates on Monetary Policy," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Oxford University Press, vol. 119(1), pages 301-352.
- De Gregorio, Jose & Edwards, Sebastian & Valdes, Rodrigo O., 2000.
"Controls on capital inflows: do they work?,"
Journal of Development Economics,
Elsevier, vol. 63(1), pages 59-83, October.
- Lawrence H. Summers, 2000. "International Financial Crises: Causes, Prevention, and Cures," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 90(2), pages 1-16, May.
- Martin Schindler, 2009. "Measuring Financial Integration: A New Data Set," IMF Staff Papers, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 56(1), pages 222-238, April.
- Jonathan David Ostry & Atish R. Ghosh & Karl F Habermeier & Marcos d Chamon & Mahvash S Qureshi & Dennis B. S. Reinhardt, 2010. "Capital Inflows; The Role of Controls," IMF Staff Position Notes 2010/04, International Monetary Fund.
- Olivier Jeanne & Arvind Subramanian & John Williamson, 2012. "Who Needs to Open the Capital Account?," Peterson Institute Press: All Books, Peterson Institute for International Economics, number 5119, January.
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If references are entirely missing, you can add them using this form. | <urn:uuid:23caedb3-ac1f-40c3-ade4-84530083ad80> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://ideas.repec.org/p/nbr/nberwo/18526.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00575-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.781975 | 1,209 | 2.109375 | 2 |
The first drafts of Dyson’s closely guarded electric car designs have emerged, showing a vehicle with unusual proportions that could be used off-road.
The patent filings are the first clue to what the “radically different” car pledged by the British inventor Sir James Dyson might look like.
Dyson said the patents were “deliberately light on specifics”, but revealed some of the ways in which the company was trying to improve on current electric vehicles in its £2.5bn development project.
The car’s very large and narrow wheels could allow for increased range and efficiency, according to Dyson, essential for battery-powered vehicles. The wheels would be kept as close to the front and back of the vehicle as possible to make the car “highly manoeuvrable … and improving handling on rough terrain.”
Despite the high ground clearance, the vehicle’s overall height would be lower than most SUVs, and a larger, thinner battery pack than rivals would help give more space inside. The driver would sit lower in the cabin, with a shallow-angled windscreen improving aerodynamics. The patents were filed 18 months ago but only published this week.
The cars are expected to launch in 2021, a year behind the original date.
Dyson, whose fortune was built on revolutionising the traditional vacuum cleaner design, has so far indicated the car would be a premium vehicle, implying a price tag in the range of a Tesla, which costs £38,000 for a Model 3 or about £70,000 for a Model S. The designs underscore that the new car will also need bespoke parts such as tyres.
Dyson has said the vehicle will go on sale in a limited number of countries at first, with China likely to be a frontrunner, and would be “entirely designed by Dyson, manufactured by Dyson and sold by Dyson”. The car would build on Dyson technology used in its other products, such as its own motor and battery types.
The billionaire, who was an outspoken supporter of Brexit, provoked anger by announcing last year that the car would be manufactured in Singapore rather than Britain. The company is about to start construction work on its new plant in Singapore, because Dyson believes there is a bigger market for electric vehicles in Asia.
However, he maintains the car is a British project, with the design, engineering and testing of prototypes being carried out at Hullavington airfield, where hangars have been converted to house the project.
In an email sent to more than 500 staff working on the vehicle, Dyson stressed the need to keep the details of his new product secret. However, he said patents were needed as the car would “include fundamentally new technologies and make some inventive leaps”. But he also cautioned that “we do not always use patents or make products based on patents that we have filed”.
He said competitors had missed opportunities by adapting electric vehicles from existing formats, but Dyson’s was “a vehicle which has been developed from the bottom up”.
The British government has pledged to ban fossil fuel vehicles by 2040, in response to climate change targets and air pollution concerns.
Dyson has urged the prime minister, Theresa May, to bring forward the date of the ban by a decade to 2030, describing the existing target as “madness”. He told the Financial Times he believed the electric car market had been underestimated, adding: “I believe it’s driven not so much by subsidies as by genuine desire of the public to have silent and non-polluting vehicles.” | <urn:uuid:94a79a6f-99fe-4375-982c-5f6ed315b37a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/may/09/dyson-patents-reveal-plans-for-an-electric-car-with-off-road-potential | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.98093 | 753 | 1.984375 | 2 |
The Automated Car Garden
My project is a replica of an automated car garden. I used a Greenhouse Kit, BBC MicroBit and a Sphero-RVR rover. I programed the vehicle to travel to different colored squares, which would represent different zip codes in food desert communities. The vehicle would deliver fresh fruits and vegetables to these communities, minimizing food disparities.
Why did you enter the Young Scientist Challenge?
I entered the Young Scientist Challenge because I wanted to share my invention with others. I believe that it can improve the health of many people who live in food deserts.
What is your favorite invention of the last 100 years, and why?
My favorite invention in the past 100 years is the computer. This is my favorite invention because computers help simplify many of our daily activities.
In 15 years I hope to be...
In 15 years I hope to be an automotive engineer.
Never think that success is due to your own performance alone. If you start listening only to yourself you take the first step back towards the bottom. The flowers of victory belong in many vases. | <urn:uuid:b08c2f1d-8740-4a01-8ae3-5e5a01cfe0b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://youngscientistchallenge.com/entry/2975 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.939498 | 223 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Working with your hands: it takes skill, intelligence, patience, and a pride in what you're doing. But in North America today, some of our policies and structures assume that getting your hands dirty is second-class work. The Building Meaning Project will reframe our understanding of the trades and make the connection between the dignity of working with one's hands, good jobs, and a healthy Canadian economy.
At our recent Canada's New Industrial Revolution conference, industry stakeholders noted that social bias against the trades negatively affects our ability to develop a sustainable trades workforce. Bias is a barrier. And, compounding the problem, significant numbers of apprentices don't complete their training. So what can we do about it?
In partnership with leading construction associations and labour organizations, Cardus presents the Building Meaning Project. This project will consist of:
- A series of nationwide interviews with industry and government leaders
- Regional roundtables for policy development
- Media connections and coordinated efforts to change narratives and influence opinions
- A strategic, cross-country "Beating the Bias" trades promotion plan
- October 27, 2014 - Calgary, Alberta
- October 29, 2014 - Vancouver, British Columbia
- November 7, 2014 - Toronto, Ontario
- November 20, 2014 - Ottawa, Ontario
Sponsorship Opportunities Available
Position your company at the forefront of the Building Meaning movement: sponsor our National Keynote or our National "Beating the Bias" plan. Full details available by contacting Brian Dijkema.
Research proviso: In order to ensure the integrity of our research process, brand recognition will not be given on research portions of this project. For clarity, no brand recognition will be given in interviews, the discussion paper arising from said interviews, the round tables, or the final report. This research is being supported by our partners: Employment and Social Development Canada, the Canadian Building Trades, CLAC, NCLRA, and PCA.
Download the full Building Meaning brochure (five pages) here.
For interviews and footage, contact Naomi Biesheuvel, 905.528.8866 x31.
At Cardus, we understand that people are made to work. We are made to make things, to use both our minds and our hands to create. If we believe that certain types of work should be deemed second-rate—and if we create political, economic, and social structures to mirror that belief—we are demeaning ourselves, and doing harm to our society. Cardus has studied the intersection of work and economics since 2000. | <urn:uuid:4eb816fe-f49c-4a37-ae93-0945678e274c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.cardus.ca/research/workandeconomics/buildingmeaning/?tag=precedence-constraints | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720026.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00456-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.917852 | 527 | 1.882813 | 2 |
SEPTEMBER 06, 2012
A Clinton-appointed federal judge has ruled that Arizona can enforce a provision of its immigration control law that allows local police to check the migratory status of suspects and arrestees.
Not surprisingly, the open borders movement was quick to claim it will create a hostile and discriminatory environment for all Latinos, even those who have legal U.S. residency or citizenship. In fact, the head of the civil rights group challenging the law assures that, once it goes into effect, “racial profiling will become rampant statewide.”
The group, the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) promises to document racial profiling abuses throughout Arizona as a first step to guaranteeing equal treatment under the law. “Latino members of our community should not be subjected to unlawful stops based on their race or perceived immigration status,” according to the director of the local chapter, who hostilely refers to the upheld statute as “show me your papers.”
The ruling, issued this week by U.S. District Judge Susan Bolton in Phoenix, allows local law enforcement to check on the immigration status of people they stop in the course of their duties. In June the U.S. Supreme Court upheld this part of Arizona’s law, but the open borders movement insisted the provision be blocked because it could lead to racial discrimination.
In her decision, Judge Bolton reminded that the Supreme Court had already upheld that part of Arizona’s immigration control law and that she could not block the measure based on the possibility of racial profiling. “Without a set of as-applied facts, the Supreme Court has held that it would be speculative to decide as a matter of law that (the provision) will be enforced in an unconstitutional manner,” she wrote.
Bolton’s ruling did block another portion of Arizona’s immigration control law, which was passed more than two years ago but has faced a multitude of legal challenges. It creates a statute making it a state crime to harbor or transport illegal immigrants. Judge Bolton determined that it conflicts with federal law because the federal government has broad and exclusive authority to regulate immigration.
Regardless, Arizona Governor Jan Brewer applauds the decision because it allows the state to finally begin enforcing the most critical section of a law passed to curb an illegal immigration crisis. That’s because it empowers state and local law enforcement, as part of a legal stop or detention, to inquire about an individual’s immigration status when the officer has reasonable suspicion. Brewer assures it will be enforced “efficiently, effectively and in harmony with the Constitution and civil rights.”
© 2010-2017 Judicial Watch, Inc. All Rights Reserved. | <urn:uuid:4dcdf923-4fa8-451e-b847-7af56738e9e9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.judicialwatch.org/blog/2012/09/clinton-judge-upholds-law-letting-police-check-immigration-status/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00227-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954653 | 552 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Shurtleff v. United States
Annotate this Case
189 U.S. 311 (1903)
- Syllabus |
U.S. Supreme Court
Shurtleff v. United States, 189 U.S. 311 (1903)
Shurtleff v. United States
Argued January 20, 1903
Decided April 6, 1903
189 U.S. 311
APPEAL FROM THE COURT OF CLAIMS
Where Congress creates an office and provides for the removal of the incumbent at any time for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office, if the removal of the officer is sought to be made for any of those causes, he is entitled to notice and a hearing; but if the President removes him without giving him notice and an opportunity to defend himself, it must be presumed that the removal was not made for any of the causes assigned in the statute.
In the absence of constitutional or statutory provision, the President can, by virtue of his general power of appointment, remove an officer, even though he were appointed by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. This power (assuming, but not deciding, that Congress could deprive the President of the right to exercise it in such a case as this) cannot be taken away by mere inference or implication, and, in the absence of plain language in the statute, Congress will not be presumed to have taken it away.
Under section 12 of the Customs Administrative Act of June 10, 1890, providing for the appointment of general appraisers and their removal by the President for inefficiency, neglect, or malfeasance in office, the President may also remove such officers without any of the causes specified under his general power of removal.
The appellant seeks to review a judgment of the Court of Claims denying his right to be paid the salary pertaining to
the office of a general appraiser of merchandise and accruing between May 15 and November 1, 1899. The court refused to decree payment of the claim on the ground that he was not one of the appraisers during the time for which he demanded such salary.
The facts, as they appear in the findings of the Court of Claims, are that the appellant was nominated on July 17, 1890, to be one of the general appraisers of merchandise under the Act of June 10, 1890, chapter 407, 26 Stat. 131, and that nomination was consented to on the following day by the Senate, and the appellant was thereupon commissioned to be such general appraiser of merchandise. He accepted that office and took the oath required on July 24, 1890, and remained in such office and was paid the salary attached thereto up to May 15, 1899. On May 3 of that year, he received the following communication from the President:
"Washington, D.C. May 3, 1899"
"Sir: You are hereby removed from the office of general appraiser of merchandise, to take effect upon the appointment and qualification of your successor."
The appellant never resigned his office nor acquiesced in any attempted removal therefrom, and he was never notified or informed of any charges made against him either of inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office, and he knows of no cause for his removal from the office having been ascertained or assigned by the President.
Since May 15, 1899, he has been ready and willing and offered to discharge the duties of the office, and has not been paid any salary since that date. He has made monthly demand upon the Treasury Department for the salary attaching to the office from May 15 to November 1, and such demand has been refused.
On May 12, 1899, an appointment was made during the recess of the Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the removal of the petitioner from his office, and such appointment was to be
in effect not longer than to the end of the next session of the Senate of the United States. The appointee under that commission took the oath of office and entered upon the duties thereof on May 12, 1899, and has received pay as such officer, beginning on May 19, 1899, up to the present time. On December 15, 1899, he was nominated to the Senate, and the nomination to that office was confirmed on January 17, 1900, and he was commissioned by the President under the above confirmation on January 22, 1900, and took the oath of office under that appointment on January 26, 1900, and since that time has remained in the office to which he was so appointed.
Upon these findings, the Court of Claims decided as a conclusion of law that the appellant was not entitled to recover, and his petition was therefore dismissed.
MR. JUSTICE PECKHAM, after making the foregoing statement of facts, delivered the opinion of the Court.
The office of general appraiser of merchandise was created by the twelfth section of the Act of Congress approved June 10, 1890, commonly called the Customs Administrative Act. 26 Stat. 131, 136. The material portion of that section reads as follows:
"SEC. 12. That there shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, nine general appraisers of merchandise, each of whom shall receive a salary of seven thousand dollars a year. Not more than five of such general appraisers shall be appointed from the same political party. They shall not be engaged in any other business, avocation, or employment, and may be removed from office at any time by the President for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office. . . ."
There is, of course, no doubt of the power of Congress to create such an office as is provided for in the above section. Under
the provision that the officer might be removed from office at any time for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office, we are of opinion that, if the removal is sought to be made for those causes, or either of them, the officer is entitled to notice and a hearing. Reagan v. United States, 182 U. S. 419, 182 U. S. 425. In speaking of causes of removal, MR. CHIEF JUSTICE FULLER said in that case:
"The inquiry is therefore whether there were any causes of removal prescribed by law March 1, 1895, or at the time of the removal. If there were, then the rule would apply that, where causes of removal are specified by Constitution or statute, as also where the term of office is for a fixed period, notice and hearing are essential. If there were not, the appointing power could remove at pleasure of for such cause as it deemed sufficient."
Various state courts have also held that, where an officer may be removed for certain causes, he is entitled to notice and a hearing. See Dullam v. Willson, 53 Mich. 392, 401; Page v. Hardin, 8 B.Mon. 668, 672; Willard's Appeal, 4 R.I. 597; Commonwealth v. Slifer, 25 Pa. 23, 28; State v. Hawkins, 44 Ohio St. 98, 114; Biggs v. McBride, 17 Or. 640, 650; Ham v. Boston, 142 Mass. 90.
It must be presumed that the President did not make the removal for any cause assigned in the statute, because there was given to the officer no notice or opportunity to defend. The question then arises, can the President exercise the power of removal for any other causes than those mentioned in the statute? In other words, is he restricted to a removal for those causes alone, or can he exercise his general power of removal without such restriction?
We assume, for the purposes of this case only, that Congress could attach such conditions to the removal of an officer appointed under this statute as to it might seem proper, and therefore that it could provide that the officer should only be removed for the causes stated, and for no other, and after notice and an opportunity for a hearing. Has Congress, by the twelfth section of the above act, so provided?
It cannot now be doubted that, in the absence of constitutional
or statutory provision, the President can, by virtue of his general power of appointment, remove an officer, even though appointed by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Ex Parte Hennen, 13 Pet. 230; Parsons v. United States, 167 U. S. 324, and cases cited. To take away this power of removal in relation to an inferior office created by statute, although that statute provided for an appointment thereto by the President and confirmation by the Senate, would require very clear and explicit language. It should not be held to be taken away by mere inference or implication. Congress has regarded the office as of sufficient importance to make it proper to fill it by an appointment to be made by the President and confirmed by the Senate. It has thereby classed it as appropriately coming under the direct supervision of the President, and to be administered by officers appointed by him (and confirmed by the Senate) with reference to his constitutional responsibility to see that the laws are faithfully executed. Art. II, sec. 3.
In Blake v. United States, 103 U. S. 227, there were two constructions that might have been placed upon the act there under consideration, determining the tenure by which army and naval officers held their commissions in time of peace, and that construction was placed upon the fifth section of the Act of July 13, 1866, chapter 176, 14 Stat. 92, which left with the President his power to remove an officer of the Army or Navy, by the appointment of his successor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate. Although the question was regarded as not free from difficulty, it was held that there was no intention on the part of Congress to deny or restrict the power of the President, with the consent of the Senate, to displace army and naval officers in time of peace by the appointment of others in their places. This indicates the tendency of the Court to require explicit language to that effect before holding the power of the President to have been taken away by an act of Congress.
The appellant contends that, because the statute specified certain causes for which the officer might be removed, it thereby impliedly excluded and denied the right to remove for any
other cause, and that the President was therefore by the statute prohibited from any removal excepting for the causes, or some of them, therein defined. The maxim Expressio unius est exclusio alterius is used as an illustration of the principle upon which the contention is founded. We are of opinion that, as thus used, the maxim does not justify the contention of the appellant. We regard it as inapplicable to the facts herein. The right of removal would exist if the statute had not contained a word upon the subject. It does not exist by virtue of the grant, but it inheres in the right to appoint, unless limited by constitution or statute. It requires plain language to take it away. Did Congress, by the use of language providing for removal for certain causes, thereby provide that the right could only be exercised in the specified causes? If so, see what a difference in the tenure of office is effected as to this office from that existing generally in this country. The tenure of the judicial officers of the United States is provided for by the Constitution, but, with that exception, no civil officer has ever held office by a life tenure since the foundation of the government. Even judges of the territorial courts may be removed by the President. McAllister v. United States, 141 U. S. 174. To construe the statute as contended for by appellant is to give an appraiser of merchandise the right to hold that office during his life, or until he shall be found guilty of some act specified in the statute. If this be true, a complete revolution in the general tenure of office is effected by implication with regard to this particular office. We think it quite inadmissible to attribute an intention on the part of Congress to make such an extraordinary change in the usual rule governing the tenure of office, and one which is to be applied to this particular office only, without stating such intention in plain and explicit language, instead of leaving it to be implied from doubtful inferences. The rule which is expressed in the maxim is a very proper one, and founded upon justifiable reasoning in many instances, but should not be accorded controlling weight when to do so would involve the alteration of the universal practice of the government for over a century, and the consequent curtailment of the powers of the Executive in such an unusual manner.
We can see no reason for such action by Congress with reference to this office or the duties connected with it.
The appellant has cited some cases in the state courts where, under the peculiar circumstances therein set forth, and with regard to the particular provisions of the statutes, it has been held that the power to remove is restricted to the causes stated in such statutes. We do not regard them as applicable to a case like this.
In making removals from office, it must be assumed that the President acts with reference to his constitutional duty to take care that the laws are faithfully executed, and we think it would be a mistaken view to hold that the mere specification in the statute of some causes for removal thereby excluded the right of the President to remove for any other reason which he, acting with a due sense of his official responsibility, should think sufficient.
By the fourth section of Article II of the Constitution, it is provided that all civil officers shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. No one has ever supposed that the effect of this section was to prevent their removal for other causes deemed sufficient by the President. No such inference could be reasonably drawn from such language.
We are not unmindful of the force of the contention that, if the power of removal is not limited to the causes specified in the statute, that then those words providing for a removal for inefficiency, neglect of duty, or malfeasance in office fulfill no function because, without them, the President has unlimited power of removal, and with them, he still has the same power.
It may be said, however, that there is some use for the provision for removal for the causes named in the statute. A removal for any of those causes can only be made after notice and an opportunity to defend, and therefore, if a removal is made without such notice, there is a conclusive presumption that the officer was not removed for any of those causes, and his removal cannot be regarded as the least imputation on his character for integrity or capacity. Other causes for removal may, however, exist, and be demanded by the interests of the
service in order that the office may be better conducted although the officer may not be proved guilty of conduct coming within the statute as a cause for removal. It is true that, under this construction, it is possible that officers may be removed for causes unconnected with the proper administration of the office. That is the case with most of the other officers in the government. The only restraint in cases such as this must consist in the responsibility of the President, under his oath of office, to so act as shall be for the general benefit and welfare.
It may be, perhaps, that the suggestion above indicated of the purpose of the statute as evidenced by this language is not entirely satisfactory as a reason for its employment. We by no means overlook the objections to it. But we are called upon to place a meaning upon language which, as used in this section of the statute, gives rise to doubts as to what its true meaning is. We are asked not alone to interpret the language actually used, but to infer or imply therefrom a further meaning as to its effect, which does not necessarily flow from the language itself and, if adopted, results in the creation of a tenure of this particular office not attached to a single other civil office in the government, with the exception of judges of the courts of the United States. We cannot bring ourselves to the belief that Congress ever intended this result while omitting to use language which would put that intention beyond doubt. But we are not shut up to the necessity of finding some other and more plausible reason for the use of this language, or else to adopt the meaning contended for by the appellant. The right of removal, as we have already remarked, would exist as inherent in the power of appointment unless taken away in plain and unambiguous language. This has not been done, and, although language has been used from which we might speculate or guess that possibly Congress did intend the meaning contended for by appellant, yet it has not in fact expressed that meaning in words plain enough to call upon the courts to determine that such intention existed.
The claim made by the appellant, it will be seen, is for salary accruing prior to the appointment and confirmation of his successor by the President and Senate; but holding, as we do, that
the President had the power to remove on other grounds than those mentioned in the act, he exercised that power by appointing the appellant's successor for the time which elapsed between such appointment and his reappointment after the meeting of the Senate and his confirmation by that body.
We are of opinion that the judgment of the Court of Claims should be | <urn:uuid:cb9801ce-f5d3-4a41-9dbc-ed1807f0b115> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/189/311/case.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00358-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978765 | 3,558 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Asian Art is one of the most attractive art forms in the world. Asian art has been in high demand for centuries. The simplicity of line and purity of color helps to make Asian Art some of the most popular art of all time! Their scrolls, vases and paintings have stood the test of time. Much of their art is done in fine detail with rich vivid colors. Other art pieces are larger images, softer and quieter. This aspect allows Asian art to appeal to both types of art buyers, those that like the bold and the beautiful...and those that like the quiet and restful!
The Asian Influence can be seen in interior decorating throughout both the eastern AND western hemisphere. Its beauty and simplicity allows it to blend into even the most non traditional of decors. Many people use Asian accessories to help give a room personality and pizzazz, a job that Asian art easily accomplishes.
There has been a resurgence in the popularity of Asian art in the form of Satsuma decoratives. Satsuma art has been around for centuries. Its influence can be seen in interior decorating with the use of vases, bowls and decorative stands. Art pieces of Satsuma origin often consist of intricate and highly detailed designs. The quality of Satsuma pieces varies greatly. We recommend that you purchase Satsuma Art that is of a better quality than a lot of knockoffs being sold at some flea markets and fair booths. Many knockoffs have extremely poor craftmanship. Often line quality is not pure, and color may be outside of the lines. Look for rich color, quality unbroken lines and intricate detail when buying Satsuma Decoratives. | <urn:uuid:ca0a61d1-8d44-4329-b923-e0472329d5fa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ninja-gear.com/SatsumaItems.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00061-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962295 | 337 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Richard Caborn stunned MPs by suggesting cannabis should be removed from the list of banned substances for competitors.
The real threat to the spirit of the 2012 Games, he said, comes from a new generation of performanceenhancing substances, such as growth hormones and genetic manipulation.
Giving evidence to the Commons Science and Technology Select Committee, the minister said the police should be left to deal with athletes caught using social drugs.
The banned from the World Anti-Doping Authority (Wada) includes cannabis, cocaine and other substances.
However, Mr Caborn suggested the list should reviewed. The Minister's intervention came despite a report from his own department and UK Sport detailing how the 2012 Olympics was under "significant threat" from designer drugs.
"We are not in the business of policing society. We are in the business of rooting out cheats in sport. That's what Wada's core function is about."
He said the anti-doping code was based on three principles: performance enhancement, harm to the athlete and harm to the sport.
"I would give far more weight to the performance enhancing of those three and I would also look very seriously at the list, to take off what I believe are some of the social drugs."
In his speech, the Sports Minister also ruled out introducing laws that would making doping at the London games a criminal offence.
Similar legislation has been introduced in Spain, Italy and Greece, but Mr Caborn said he was against it as it would be "disproportionate".
By contrast, Arne Ljungqvist, the head of the International Olympic Committee's medical commission, told the committee that Britain should follow the previous host city of Athens in 2004 by prosecuting athletes who fail drugs tests.
He said: "It sends a powerful message to an athlete that is of great benefit in the fight against doping."
The UK Sport study said it had identified "new threats" from the use of human growth hormones, genetic manipulation and blood doping. The report said: "There is potential for unscrupulous scientists to design new, undetectable substances specifically synthesised to beat the system'.
"By 2012 gene doping could be a very real threat... and, as it uses natural body systems and manipulates the host's DNA, it will be difficult to detect and prove."
The study highlighted the 2003 probe into the case of Dwain Chambers and the US laboratory that made the steroid for which he tested positive.Reuse content | <urn:uuid:2fe02cb2-69cb-4399-804e-d9503a4da85e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.standard.co.uk/news/allow-athletes-to-use-cannabis-says-sports-minister-7193159.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00358-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966484 | 502 | 1.65625 | 2 |
BIO Urges Congress to Prioritize Patient Safety and Biomedical Innovation in Pathway for Follow-On Biologics
Patient Groups and Emerging Biotech Companies Highlight Need for Substantial Data Exclusivity for Innovators
WASHINGTON, D.C. (May 2, 2007) -- A diverse group of patient advocacy organizations has joined the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) in urging that patient safety and continued biomedical innovation stand as critical components of any statutory effort to establish a pathway to approve development of follow-on biologics. The patient groups and leaders of BIO’s Emerging Companies Section (ECS) Governing Body sent letters this week to members of the House Energy and Commerce Committee in advance of today’s hearing on follow-on biologics in the Subcommittee on Health.
The Alliance for Aging Research, American Autoimmune Related Diseases Association, Christopher and Dana Reeve Foundation, Cutaneous Lymphoma Foundation, Kidney Cancer Association, National Spinal Cord Injury Association and RetireSafe co-signed a letter to the Subcommittee’s Chairman and Ranking Member stating, “Any statutory pathway for follow-on biologics should include a substantial period of data exclusivity to ensure that medical innovation continues…To undermine incentives to invest in biomedical innovation could potentially slow progress in the development of breakthrough therapies to improve the health and lives of patients suffering from currently untreatable conditions.”
Representatives of BIO’s ECS wrote to the Committee Chairman and Ranking Member to encourage them to embrace BIO’s key principles for follow-on biologics, stressing that for the vast majority of BIO’s membership which do not have products on the market, incentives for innovation are vital in order to be able to attract capital.
“Failure to provide for substantial data exclusivity and intellectual property protections will be particularly disastrous for emerging biotechnology companies. In the absence of existing product revenue, BIO’s smaller member companies’ ability to invest in cutting edge research is dependent on our ability to attract capital,” wrote the representatives on behalf of the section. “The development of a new biotech therapy is a high-risk investment that is only undertaken based upon the expectation that a future FDA-approved product will provide an attractive return on investment.”
BIO’s ECS includes more than 600 small biotechnology companies that are developing their first commercial product and have fewer than 350 employees; 80% of these companies have fewer than 50 employees. Small biotech companies, all but the top ten, account for two-thirds of the industry’s clinical pipeline.
“In order to ensure that new pioneer biotechnology products continue to reach patients and physicians, any pathway for the approval of follow-on biologics must protect patient safety and preserve incentives to innovate,” stated BIO President and CEO Jim Greenwood. “Significant data exclusivity is a necessary component of any pathway for follow-on biologics.”
The letter from patient groups to the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Subcommittee on Health is available at http://bio.org/healthcare/followonbkg/20070501.pdf.
The letter from leaders of BIO’s ECS Governing Body to the Chairman and Ranking Member of the Energy and Commerce Committee is available at http://bio.org/healthcare/followonbkg/20070501BIO.pdf.
David Schenkein, M.D., vice president of Clinical Hematology/Oncology for Genentech, will testify on behalf of BIO in today’s hearing in the Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Health. His testimony is available at http://bio.org/healthcare/followonbkg/SchenkeinTestimony.pdf. | <urn:uuid:69caddd4-b893-42ac-947d-d00e68b37789> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.bio.org/media/press-release/bio-urges-congress-prioritize-patient-safety-and-biomedical-innovation-pathway-f | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00554-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912569 | 790 | 1.53125 | 2 |
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Hackensack, New Jersey (July 28, 2004) -- Sharsheret, a national not-for-profit organization supporting young Jewish women facing breast cancer, will present the symposium, “Breast Cancer Genetics: Impact on the Jewish Woman and Her Family,” Tuesday, October 26, 2004 at the Beth Israel Medical Center in New York City. The event will attract breast cancer patients, their families, and health care professionals from the tri-state area and is funded by a generous grant from the Jewish Women’s Foundation of New York and with support from FORCE: Facing Our Risk of Cancer Empowered. A transcript of the event will be available to patients and professionals nationwide on Sharsheret’s website, www.sharsheret.org.
The symposium will address areas of breast cancer genetics that have received little prior attention. Topics will include:
· The impact of hereditary breast cancer on the extended Jewish family.
· Follow-up care for Jewish women who test negative or positive for genetic alterations in the genes responsible for hereditary breast cancer.
· New research on genetic susceptibility for Jewish women of Sephardi descent.
· Hereditary breast cancer in younger Jewish women.
· Genetic counseling and testing in Chasidic and Orthodox Jewish communities.
The symposium will explore the findings of the recent New York Breast Cancer Study that followed more than 1,000 women of Ashkenazi Jewish descent, and will feature a question and answer session with an expert panel and family members who have been affected by hereditary breast cancer.
Sharsheret is coordinating the symposium in response to the concerns of the women who phone the organization for support. “Since Sharsheret’s founding in 2001, we have received hundreds of queries from Jewish families concerned about the risk of hereditary breast cancer,” said Executive Director Rochelle Shoretz. “Our attempt is to broaden the discussion about genetics by addressing some of the issues that have long been ignored, including the impact of genetic counseling and genetic testing on the extended Jewish family. With generous support from the Jewish Women’s Foundation of New York, we will be able to make this discussion available to Jewish women and families nationwide.”
“Breast Cancer Genetics: Impact on the Jewish Woman and Her Family” is Sharsheret’s third symposium. The organization presented its first symposium on the subject of breast cancer and fertility at the Weil Medical College of Cornell University, and last year presented the symposium, “How Do We Care For Our Children? Issues for Women and Men Facing Breast Cancer,” at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. Sharsheret’s medical symposia are free of charge.
For more information about Sharsheret and symposium reservations, please call Program Coordinator Elana Silber toll-free at (866) 474-2774.
© 2016 Sharsheret: Your Jewish Community Facing Breast Cancer
Sharsheret is a 501(c)(3) charitable organization ID# 13-4198529
Designed by Firefly Partners | <urn:uuid:ae277c28-50d6-4474-97b8-c6467a58e817> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.sharsheret.org/index.php?q=news-media/pr/346 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00312-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915094 | 674 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Bootchart is a tool used to analyze your system performance in linux boot process. It process all the required information accumulated during the boot process (CPU usage and disk usage) which will then display as PNG, SVG, EPS encoded chart.
First of all you will have to Install Bootchart on Ubuntu.
To active or install Bootchart you will have to open command console
Type in this code:
sudo aptitude install bootchart
Reboot your PC
When you restart your computer Bootchart will create a graphical illustration in .png format.
Disabling and Enabling Bootchart
To disable Bootchart just use these code:
sudo update-rc.d -f stop-bootchart remove
Removing any system startup links for /etc/init.d/stop-bootchart ...
And to re-enable just use these codes:
sudo update-rc.d stop-bootchart start 99 2 3 4 5 .
Adding system startup for /etc/init.d/stop-bootchart ...
/etc/rc2.d/S99stop-bootchart -> ../init.d/stop-bootchart
/etc/rc3.d/S99stop-bootchart -> ../init.d/stop-bootchart
/etc/rc4.d/S99stop-bootchart -> ../init.d/stop-bootchart
/etc/rc5.d/S99stop-bootchart -> ../init.d/stop-bootchart | <urn:uuid:018384a4-105d-4347-9df8-621536ae64c5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ccm.net/faq/4268-ubuntu-monitor-your-boot-sequence-with-bootchart | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00217-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.668136 | 313 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Under New Jersey and Federal laws, discriminating against individuals with disabilities is prohibited in the workplace. Such laws provide equal opportunities for individuals in Plainsboro with disabilities to obtain employment and advance in their profession of choice. Employers must provide disabled persons with reasonable accomodations under these disbility laws so that they are able to execute their jobs.
New Jersey Employment for the Disabled
Whether you are employed by a government agency or a private employer, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) prohibits discrimination against the disabled. Employers in the state of are barred from considering an individual's disability when deciding to hire them, assign them a job position, or provide them with an advancement opportunity.
Besides treating them equally, Plainsboro employers must also provide disabled workers with any specific equipment required for work, according to reasonable costs. The act also prohibits discrimination against persons based on their relation to a person with a disability that poses special needs.
When do I need an Attorney in Plainsboro?
Countless lawyers in Plainsboro specialize in employment laws dealing with individuals with disabilities. It can be helpful to consult with a lawyer who may be able to help guide you should difficulties come up. | <urn:uuid:73b9bca2-4cff-4576-bcef-43663b4e07fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://employment-law.legalmatch.com/NJ/Plainsboro/disability-lawyers.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.962528 | 238 | 2.03125 | 2 |
The Egyptians were the only ancient civilization to intentionally preserve their animal dead using artificial mummification techniques. This practice formed part of a complex belief system which required that the physical remains of the body were preserved in order to ensure continuity of life in the next world. Consequently many thousands of animal mummies survive in the archaeological record, either at the numerous animal necropolises dedicated to the animal gods, or in the collections of museums and private collectors around the world. 127 mummified animals from four museums in Great Britain were studied using conventional radiography (X-ray) and computed tomography (CT) in order to assess the validity and potential of the techniques. The study collection was found to contain the skeletal remains (either partial or complete) of birds, cats, dogs, fish, crocodiles, snakes and rodents, the majority of which are believed to have been manufactured as votive offerings. The radiographic examination of the mummies revealed a wealth of information on both the animals themselves and the techniques which the embalmers had used in order to preserve them. Limited evidence was found to suggest evisceration, evidence of pathological conditions or cause of death; however a great deal of information regarding the positioning of the skeleton, the form of the resulting mummy bundle and the methods of wrapping were highlighted. In conclusion, the study identified the enormous potential of non-destructive radiographic techniques in the investigation of mummified animal material. | <urn:uuid:1526cd61-d1b5-4210-8a0f-20cac1953fe7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.barpublishing.com/imaging-applied-to-animal-mummification-in-ancient-egypt.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.954312 | 296 | 3.703125 | 4 |
This comprehensive handbook on the mushroom will delight the natural historian and nature lover. This book contains classic material dating back to the 1900s and before. The content has been carefully selected for its interest and relevance to a modern audience....
Paperback: 422 pages
Publisher: Stokowski Press (May 13, 2015)
Product Dimensions: 5.5 x 1.1 x 8.5 inches
Amazon Rank: 4876165
Format: PDF ePub Text djvu book
- William Sturgis Thomas pdf
- William Sturgis Thomas books
- 1446519678 epub
- Science and Math epub ebooks
- 978-1446519677 epub
The good earthgraphic novel Download Ephesians tyndale new testament commentaries pdf at centurylinktomoglen.wordpress.com Download Swiss amily robinson book pdf at bigranbogacoun.wordpress.com Here Absolute y the last man vol 2 pdf link The auslaner book Here Meria book series pdf link Here Oremus a guie to catholic rayer pdf link Download How to do things with videogames electronic mediations pdf at allstolkuchifo.wordpress.com
Removed stars for the fact that the entire book is in gray scale while the content itself states that there are colored illustrations in it. It's quite unfortunate to not have a good visual guide to what each of those 96 depicted species are suppose... | <urn:uuid:3c2b869b-19b1-4905-8421-eecab6a86e28> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://evangelizer.duckdns.org/page/field-book-of-common-mushrooms-with-a-key-to-identification-of-the-gilled-mushroom-and-directions-for-cooking-those-that-are-edible | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.791645 | 324 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Tips from Other Journals
Domperidone to Increase Breast Milk Supply in Mothers of Preterm Infants
Am Fam Physician. 2010 Jul 1;82(1):78.
Background: Breast milk is considered optimal nutrition for all infants, even in the neonatal intensive care unit. Increasingly, mothers of preterm infants are encouraged to express breast milk for their newborns. However, providing an adequate milk supply for preterm infants can be difficult, and medications such as domperidone and metoclopramide (Reglan) are often used to increase the milk supply.
The off-label use of these agents is widespread in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, Japan, and many countries in western Europe. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a warning in 2004 that women who were breastfeeding should not use domperidone. This was attributed to an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death among hypokalemic patients with cancer who were receiving high doses of intravenous domperidone concurrently with chemotherapy. This warning has been challenged in the literature by letters written to the FDA that support the safety of domperidone in lactating women.
Domperidone augments lactation by increasing prolactin concentration. The galactagogue dosage of 10 to 20 mg three times per day is less than the maximum approved oral dosage, and is generally well tolerated. Domperidone does not cross the blood-brain barrier and is excreted only minimally into breast milk. Metoclopramide has been known to decrease protein concentration and change the electrolyte composition of breast milk; however, the effect of domperidone on breast milk composition had not been studied previously. Campbell-Yeo and colleagues conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effects of domperidone on the composition of preterm breast milk.
The Study: The authors enrolled mothers who delivered before 31 weeks' gestation and who had experienced lactation failure at least three weeks after delivery. The study was conducted between 2003 and 2007 at the IWK Health Centre in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Women were eligible for inclusion if their milk supply had decreased by more than 30 percent of peak volume, or if they were not able to produce enough milk to meet their newborn's daily intake. Women were excluded if they were already taking domperidone or any medication known to alter or interact with it; or if they had mastitis, chronic illness, previous breast surgery, or known lactose intolerance. The primary outcome was the change in breast milk protein concentration, with secondary outcomes of changes within patients of fat, carbohydrate, lactose, energy, calcium, phosphate, and sodium concentration; daily breast milk volume; prolactin levels; and breastfeeding rates two weeks after study completion and at infant's discharge. Women enrolled in the study took 10 mg of domperidone three times a day or an identical placebo for two weeks, and recorded baseline and daily milk volumes. Samples were collected on days 0, 4, 7, and 14 for protein and electrolyte analysis.
Results: The study was powered to detect a change of 20 percent or more in protein content in the domperidone group compared with the placebo group. Of the 278 mothers who delivered before 31 weeks' gestation, 46 provided informed consent and were randomized to participate (22 in the domperidone group, 24 in the placebo group). The mean within-patient breast milk volume increased by 267 percent in the domperidone group and by 19 percent in the placebo group. Protein and fat concentration did not change significantly, although the carbohydrate concentration increased 2.7 percent in the domperidone group and decreased 2.7 percent in the placebo group (P = .05). No adverse events were reported in mothers or infants.
Conclusion: The authors conclude that domperidone notably increases breast milk volume without substantial changes to breast milk composition.
Campbell-Yeo ML, et al. Effect of domperidone on the composition of preterm human breast milk. Pediatrics. January 2010;125(1):e107–e114.
Copyright © 2010 by the American Academy of Family Physicians.
This content is owned by the AAFP. A person viewing it online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference. This material may not otherwise be downloaded, copied, printed, stored, transmitted or reproduced in any medium, whether now known or later invented, except as authorized in writing by the AAFP. Contact email@example.com for copyright questions and/or permission requests.
Want to use this article elsewhere? Get Permissions | <urn:uuid:7f04684b-c5ed-4aad-9823-64a34346f177> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aafp.org/afp/2010/0701/p78.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00438-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954187 | 975 | 2.078125 | 2 |
So, I'm trying to make a simple RPG game using Blender and Unity. I would like to have an empty object to be used as a weapon holding position parented to my right hand bone so that I can switch weapons in and out and they'll be able to animate along with my character by being the child of the empty position. The problem I am having is that I can't get the empty position to be a child of the specific right hand bone, only the armature. Is there a way to make this work? Also, if this isn't a good procedure to accomplish what I am trying to do, please enlighten me with the proper way, I'm kind of a noob, thanks.
I was doing similar things recently and got it working. What you are talking about sounds strange to me because the "empty object" you mention sounds more like Unity's empty game object instead of Blender's empty, but anyway, if you want to parent anything to a bone in Blender, select only that bone in pose mode, go select the object, then shift select the bone, press ctrl+p you should see a menu which allows you to parent the object to just the bone. In the case of Unity, you just parent the object's transform to the bone's transform. If your armature is humanoid, you can find the right-hand bone with Animator.GetBoneTransform method. | <urn:uuid:ce3b6e2b-2945-4668-a538-7bbd0f50d912> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/169051/how-do-i-parent-an-object-to-a-bone-in-the-blender-hierarchy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.94694 | 292 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Throughout the animal kingdom, credit for care of offspring goes largely to the mother. While that is true for many species, there are some that the father gets all of the credit for raising the children.
All parents know that caring for kids is no easy feat and for animals, it's especially difficult. Having to guard the eggs (or growing the babies inside their bodies) makes it difficult to eat or protect themselves from predators. Once the babies are born, the parent also has to find food for them and keep them safe from predators until they are old enough to care for themselves.
In the latest video from SciShow, host Hank Green runs down some animals where single dads put their own well-being on the line to give their children the best chance possible.
Check out some of the greatest dads in the animal kingdom here:
Want to see a seahorse giving birth again?
Here's to all the dads!
Cover image: Shutterstock | <urn:uuid:3c0e09f7-1212-470f-8856-58253ff1394d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://aplus.com/a/scishow-awesome-animal-dads | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00444-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967474 | 193 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Year of Publication
Martin School of Public Policy and Administration
This paper utilizes several models to gauge the annual impact of state gasoline taxes and pump prices on the vehicle miles traveled in the United States. Regression models in first differences were used to analyze annual changes in the variables. The models indicate that annual increases in pump prices correspond to significant decreases in mileage, while state fuel taxes do not significantly impact mileage. With local, state, and federal taxation only composing 12 percent of the pump price of fuel, the impact of changes to these taxes are diminished. This suggests that if policymakers choose to adopt a policy of mileage reduction to combat road and environmental damage, and benefit energy security, current fuel taxation methods alone will likely be unsuccessful in achieving a reduction in the highway mileage of the American fleet given current pump pricing. With the Highway Trust Fund being consistently underfinanced, and a funding formula tied to declining mileage, a policy response is due and further research should be considered to analyze the outcomes of this anticipated policy reform.
Harmon, Kris, "Fuel Price, State Taxation, and Fleet Mileage Reduction" (2012). MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects. 67. | <urn:uuid:45c8980e-0b25-43c4-a9cd-884a77d712a2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://uknowledge.uky.edu/mpampp_etds/67/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.930522 | 270 | 1.632813 | 2 |
- Signs & Symptoms of Enlarged Adenoids
- Adenoidectomy Procedure
- Bloodless Adenoidectomy
- Care at Medicover
- Frequently Asked Questions
Adenoidectomy, or adenoid removal, is the operative procedure to remove adenoids.
The adenoid glands are a patch of lymphatic tissue found behind the nasal cavity, on the top of the nasopharynx. Adenoids and tonsils keep the body healthy by trapping harmful germs that enter the mouth and nose.
Signs & Symptoms of Enlarged Adenoids
Kids with enlarged adenoids might exhibit the below-given signs and symptoms
- Breathing problemsthrough the nose
- Breathing through the mouth results in dry lips and a dry mouth.
- Noisy breathing
- Bad breath
- During sleep, the breathing stops for a few seconds (obstructive sleep apnea)
- Long-lasting sinus infections
- Ear infections, middle ear fluid, and hearing loss
If you looking for an adenoidectomy surgery then consult an ENT specialist.
Adenoidectomy indications -
The indications for adenoidectomy are:
- Enlarged adenoids (adenoid hypertrophy) result in sleep apnea.
- Enlarged adenoids cause the eustachian tube obstruction.
- Recurrent ear infections (otitis media)
- Recurrent tonsillitis (along with tonsil removal)
- Chronic sinusitis
How to prepare for the surgery?
Before the adenoidectomy, your child has to do some preoperative blood tests and body scans as suggested by the doctor.
The doctor will record your child's medical history and check if there are any bleeding problems, allergies, medical-related problems, and overall general health.
Your healthcare provider will give separate instructions about surgery-related precautions like when to avoid eating and drinking before the surgery, etc. If you have any doubts about the operation, talk to your doctor.
During the Aenoidectomy procedure -
- A surgeon will conduct an adenoidectomy operation under general anaesthesia.
- The removal of adenoids is done through the mouth. The operating surgeon will insert a small instrument into your child's mouth to open it. The surgeon will then eliminate the adenoids by making a small incision or cauterising, sealing the area with a hot device.
- Cauterizing and covering the area with gauze will restrict bleeding during the procedure. Stitches are not always necessary.
After the Aenoidectomy procedure
- After the operation, your child will be shifted to another room for monitoring. The child will be administered IV medications and painkillers to reduce pain and swelling.
- After going through all the health reports, the doctor will decide when to discharge the patient. The child can completely recover from an adenoidectomy surgery in one to two weeks.
- It is normal if your kid has a sore throat for a few weeks after surgery. Give lots of fluids to your child to avoid dehydration, as good hydration helps to reduce pain.
- Fruit juice
- Ice cream
- Curd and rice
- Apple sauce
- Warm chicken soup
- Soft-cooked meats and vegetables
Adenoidectomy risks include the common risk factors found in all other surgeries.
- Failure to resolve symptoms
- Risks with anaesthesia
Other complications of adenoidectomy include:
- Injury to the soft palate.
- Injury to the eustachian tube
- Velopharyngeal insufficiency and incompetence
- Irreversible changes in voice quality
Bloodless Adenoidectomy Using Coablation
One of the recent buzz word in the world of ENT is “Coablation” which is used for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy both. Adenoidectomy done with coablation technique helps in complete excision of the adenoids by gently dissolving or shrinking the target tissue without impacting the surrounding soft tissue. It works at a relatively low temperature ensuring minimal damage to the surrounding tissues and brings the best surgical outcomes.
- Daycare procedure with minimal pain
- Complete removal of adenoids with no recurrence reported
- No bleeding
- Faster recovery
Adenoidectomy Care at Medicover Hospitals
Medicover Hospitals has some of the top ENT surgeons performing adenoidectomy with 100% success rate and without any post-surgical complications. We are also equipped with high-end infrastructure, latest equipment, medical devices and state-of-the-art facilities to perform the surgery in a safe environment bringing the best treatment outcomes.
Frequently Asked Questions:
Advise your kid to avoid strenuous physical activities and shouting loudly. Allow to take rest for one week.
Your child can return to school four or five days after the operation only with the doctor’s approval.
An experienced ENT surgeon can perform the procedure.
You can consult an ENT specialist doctor.
Adenoid glands contribute little to our body's immunity. Therefore, the surgery does not affect our immunity in a big way.
Bad breath due to adenoidectomy can stay for ten days.
The average cost of Adenoidectomy in India is Rs. 93,000. | <urn:uuid:9bc2dcd1-41a1-4f0d-b802-e2da8b831a51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.medicoverhospitals.in/procedures/adenoidectomy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.893412 | 1,152 | 2.78125 | 3 |
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Associate Professor, Philosophy
Q: What is the biggest misconception about the Black Lives Matter movement?
The idea that the movement is concerned just with police violence. The movement launched after George Zimmerman was acquitted in the killing of Trayvon Martin, which was not a matter of police violence, but rather a miscarriage of justice. The Martin killing and failure of justice was in many ways the most tragic representation of the institutional insecurities blacks face continually. The series of police shootings that got covered, for many, defined the movement because leaving a body in the sun is much less abstract than protesting food deserts in the inner city. So the movement became closely associated with police violence, despite it initially being concerned with black well-being very broadly understood.
Additionally, black folks saying “black lives matter” was never meant to signal a desire for priority. Rather, it was a demand for equality, because in America, it has already seemed that all other lives already mattered; we just wanted to be accorded the same value. It’s important to emphasize that no one has seriously suggested that black lives come first or over and beyond. It’s a basic matter of equality.
Q: Is the BLM movement sustainable?
The slogan has kept the movement alive in our minds for longer than I think would otherwise be the case. But movements like that can’t last because the American people’s attention span and capacity for racial sympathy and imagination are at this point very limited. I am also skeptical of leaderless movements. America, for better and often worse, is a land of branding and spokespeople. To most people, movements on principles are abstract, but a personality is something they can hold on to. The movement has decided to be leaderless for some very understandable reasons, but without a leader, the movement is not long for this world, I think.
Lebron is the author of The Making of Black Lives Matter: A Brief History of an Idea.
Washington D.C., USA – December 13, 2014: A young woman holds a sign at the protest march in Washington DC to bring attention to the recent shooting deaths of several unarmed black men by police. | <urn:uuid:5a087bb4-5946-4111-a752-a33ecd849f87> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://magazine.krieger.jhu.edu/spring-2018-volume-15-number-2/black-lives-matter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.965515 | 449 | 2.53125 | 3 |
What do you think of this very Sextus Roscius? How great is his fondness for, and shrewdness in rural affairs! As I hear from his relations, most honourable men, you are not more skillful in this your business of an accuser, than he is in his. But, as I think, since it seems good to Chrysogonus, who has left him no farm, he will be able now to forget this skill of his, and to give up this taste. And although that is a sad and a scandalous thing, yet he will bear it, O judges, with equanimity, if, by your verdict, he can preserve his life and his character; but this is intolerable, if he is both to have this calamity brought upon him on account of the goodness and number of his farms, and if that is especially to be imputed to him as a crime that he cultivated them with great care; so that it is not to be misery enough to have cultivated them for others not for himself, unless it is also to be accounted a crime that he cultivated them at all.
This text is part of:
Table of Contents:
THE ORATION FOR SEXTUS ROSCIUS OF AMERIA.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License. | <urn:uuid:4b74e8f2-0b1a-4ee8-9162-4b575ef929c7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0018%3Atext%3DS.+Rosc.%3Asection%3D49 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00139-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.986428 | 277 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Minnesota judicial elections have lately tended to stir more debate about how we select judges in this state than about the comparative qualifications of incumbents and challengers.
That process has evolved here into what's often called a hybrid system. Most judges retire during their terms, triggering the governor's constitutional power to fill vacancies on the bench by appointment. Only later, as incumbents, do most judges face the voters, often unopposed.
Critics of this arrangement -- from whose ranks come many challengers to appellate court judges -- say it undermines the people's right to elect their judges. Its defenders say the appointment process allows more thorough and knowledgeable screening of candidates than voters can possibly undertake.
This Editorial Board has long favored appointments, informed by expert recommendations, for the initial selection and elevation of judges, believing that it is more likely than wide-open elections to produce well-qualified jurists committed to the impartial application of the law. Minnesota would not be well-served by the sort of big spending campaigns, fueled by partisan and ideological loyalties, that are seen in some other states, shaking confidence in the fairness of their legal systems.
Minnesotans should note well that state courts repeatedly have been forced to settle sizzling political controversies in recent years -- most recently the voter ID amendment disputes, but also two statewide recounts, one government shutdown and the "unallotment" budget battle. The court system has acquitted itself ably each time.
Three statewide Supreme Court contests on this year's ballot demonstrate the effectiveness of Minnesota's approach. The incumbents, all appointed by former Gov. Tim Pawlenty, have clearly superior qualifications to their challengers and deserve reelection to six-year terms.
*Chief Justice Lorie Gildea, 51, joined the high court in 2006 after a legal career highlighted by seven years with a private Washington, D.C., firm and 11 years as associate general counsel for the University of Minnesota. She has established herself as thoughtful and thorough in her legal reasoning and writing, and she has enthusiasm for the special and crucial role of a chief justice as the top administrator and principle advocate for the state's entire court system. Upgrading and unifying the judiciary's information technology system is a key goal, she says.
Challenger Dan Griffith, 50, is a private-practice lawyer in International Falls. He is an ardent advocate for judicial elections and says courts must enforce constitutional boundaries on government's size and scope. But his qualifications for the high court do not match Gildea's.
*Justice Barry Anderson, 58, was appointed to the Supreme Court in 2004 after six years on the state Court of Appeals and two decades in private practice, much of it in Greater Minnesota. His easygoing demeanor and cautious, restrained philosophy of judging serve the court well, and were on display in his capable service on the State Canvassing Board during the tense 2008 U.S. Senate recount.
Dean Barkley, 62, a lawyer who has pursued a varied career, is best known for his political roles as, among other things, a founder of Minnesota's Independence Party, planning director under Gov. Jesse Ventura, and Ventura's choice to finish the final weeks of the late Sen. Paul Wellstone's term in 2002. Barkley, who favors an elected judiciary, is concerned that Minnesota's high court has become sorted into ideological blocs. A close look at the court's rulings suggests that worry is overdrawn. Barkley's wide-ranging background and expansive style, meanwhile, seem less of an ideal fit for the high court than the incumbent's.
*Justice David Stras, 38, a former University of Minnesota law professor, was appointed in 2010. Initial controversy was stirred by his links to conservative legal circles, including his being a former clerk to U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas. His youth was also notable. Yet Stras has emerged on the court as independent and persuasive. His energy and enthusiasm for the intellectual challenge of judging is infectious.
Tim Tingelstad, 52, a district magistrate in Bemidji, is another sincere advocate for elections over appointments in choosing judges. He also emphasizes his religious faith as informing his world view, but notes that this reinforces for him the duty of a judge to submit to the will of the people.
Stras adds deeper and more nuanced thinking to the court. | <urn:uuid:a84478be-c55a-4b3e-8628-e61ddd09444e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.startribune.com/editorial-keep-high-court-incumbents-on-job/175505761/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00029-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974098 | 877 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Lopez pals honor peers with blue and gold award
As a school that represents a Medal of Honor recipient, PALS students at Lopez Middle School didn't hesitate to recognize fellow classmates with qualities that reflect those displayed by Mr. Jose M. Lopez - the school's namesake.
Lopez PALS will be awarding students with the Lopez Blue and Gold Award. The objective and purpose of the recognition is to place emphasis on the good qualities of Lopez students, bring awareness of students supporting students and to give recognition to the students that have demonstrated one of the Blue/Gold characteristics.
The qualities of the Blue and Gold award are as follows: Service, Courage, Leadership, and Kindness. Students nominate peers by writing statements about a peer; sharing how one or more of the characteristics of the Blue and Gold Award were demonstrated. Students will be awarded certificates on the morning announcements, their picture and name will be posted on Blue and Gold Wall.
The first recipients of the Blue and Gold award are Micah McMahon and Elise Frescas.
Posted on February 21, 2014 | <urn:uuid:0446781f-5c93-4095-8f90-d03efae92f25> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.neisd.net/ComRel/Lopez_blueandgold_14.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00557-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956117 | 214 | 1.96875 | 2 |
A program that brings workers from Pacific island nations to Australia has been boosted in a bid to address critical skills shortages.
The Pacific Australia Labour Mobility scheme has been expanded to include the services industry, which will include aged care, tourism and hospitality.
Currently, the scheme has been focused on industries such as agriculture and other blue-collar sectors.
Prime Minister Anthony Albanese said the expansion would allow for more workers in industries where there had been workforce shortage.
“This is good for our Pacific island neighbours because what it enables is more women to participate in the scheme,” he told reporters in Fiji on Friday.
“But it’s also good for Australia because these are areas in which there are massive skills shortages.”
Currently, there are 25,000 workers from the Pacific who are in Australia on the scheme, including 2600 from Fiji.
The prime minister said the Government would also look to expand the scheme to allow for workers to travel with their families.
He said a previous exclusion on families may have been a factor in fewer people taking up the scheme.
“A practical measure that we will have, and one that shows that we respect people from the Pacific and their contribution that they are making, is to allow families to be able to apply to join in Australia for that period of time,” he said.
“That, to me, seems to be a common sense move … it’s something that we’ll implement.”
Industries across the country have been experiencing employee shortages, driven by a tight labour market, record low unemployment and rising COVID-19 cases.
Albanese said the expansion of the scheme would provide not only an economic boost to Australia but to countries across the Pacific as well.
“The average participant in those scheme remit around $6000 a year back to their country of origin as well,” he said.
“It’s a way of boosting the economy (in the Pacific) whilst making a real difference back in Australia.
“I think this is an example whereby our practical partnership is producing enormous benefit.” | <urn:uuid:efaf8a99-464d-4096-b305-3bd74a09e095> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://agedcarenews.com.au/2022/07/15/pm-expands-pacific-island-workforce-scheme-to-address-critical-skills-shortages/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.968884 | 441 | 1.6875 | 2 |
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Copyright © 2007-2018 Russ Dewey
Chapter 7: Cognition
Part One: Visual Information Processing
Part Two: Language
Part Three: Motor Activity
Part Four: Thinking and Problem Solving
Overview of Chapter 7: Cognition
The word cognition refers to every kind of mental process that involves knowledge or thinking. Emotions were somewhat neglected in the 1960s and 1970s but are now definitely included, and so are unconscious processes. As a result, cognitive psychology includes all mental processes; none are intentionally left out.
All cognitive processes involve internal representation. The phrase "internal representation" includes knowledge of the world, including social knowledge and knowledge of ourselves. Roger Schank, an influential cognitive scientist, said simply, "We have in our minds a model of the world" (Schank, 1983).
We take the world inside us in order to participate in it. As a result, we can model in our internal representations (such as dreams) just about anything we can experience in outside reality, plus more.
In dreams you can imagine flying, psychokinesis (moving objects using willpower) and various forms of magic never seen in outside reality. Even without dreaming, a musical person can imagine complex songs, athletes can imagine complex motor movements, and so forth.
About 97% of us can generate pictures or images in our minds; the other 3% probably can when they are dreaming, but do not know how to produce imagery while awake. Cognitive psychology makes it clear the human brain is the ultimate synthesizer.
The late 1970s witnessed the emergence of a new discipline called cognitive science, a combination of cognitive psychology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, linguistics, and any other discipline dealing with intelligent information processing.
Cognitive scientists are interested in both the software (the logic and information processing) and the hardware (brain mechanisms) of human cognition. Cognitive neuroscientists combine investigation of brain processes and cognitive psychology.
Brain scanning technologies gave a boost to cognitive neuroscience in the 1980s and 1990s. In the 21st Century, brain scanning is often included as one of several measures, in cognitive science articles.
We have barely started down the path of understanding how the mind works. If progress continues, one day we will look back upon this era as the opening steps of a very long journey toward understanding cognition.
How this chapter is organized
We start the chapter with visual scene analysis, an approach to visual perception pioneered by Artificial Intelligence (AI) researchers at MIT. It establishes a theme that recurs throughout the chapter: that cognitive products are assembled in an atmosphere of constraints in a process resembling problem solving. We also discuss mental imagery in the section on visual perception and review evidence for at least two types of human imagery.
The second section of the chapter is about language. We review the stages of language development in humans and examine the problem of language comprehension, which turns out to bear a fundamental resemblance to the problem of visual scene analysis.
Motor activity, the focus of the third section, is not something most people associate with cognition. But it follows the same pattern as other cognitive activities. It is creative, it is based on schemata, it can be conscious or unconscious, it can be represented in imagination.
Finally, in the fourth section, we discuss thinking and problem solving. We review computer simulations of problem solving, from the general problem solver (GPS) to expert systems, to SOAR, a program that attempted to combine earlier approaches.
Related topics in other chapters
Chapter 1 (Psychology and Science) describes the earliest work on mind and consciousness, as well as the cognitive revolution in the 1970s. Chapter 3 (States of Consciousness) begins with a discussion of conscious and unconscious processing, the concept of attention, and Neisser's proposal for two modes of consciousness.
Chapter 4 (Senses and Perception) presents gestalt psychology, size constancy, and depth perception in the visual system. Chapter 6 (Memory) is entirely devoted to a subdivision of cognitive psychology.
Chapter 8 (Animal Behavior and Cognition) includes research on cognitive processes of animals. Chapter 9 (Motivation and Emotion) includes a section on cognitive motives, Chapter 10 (Development) contains a section on cognitive development in children, and Chapter 15 (Social Psychology) features a section on Social Cognition.
Schank, R. (1983, April). A conversation with Roger Schank. Psychology Today, pp.28-36.
Write to Dr. Dewey at firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:26448cf7-3c9b-4aae-a93d-c045bf8689df> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.psywww.com/intropsych/ch07-cognition/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.912099 | 929 | 3.375 | 3 |
This masonry base of wall detail shows a flexible thru-wall flashing mechanically fastened to the CMU backup through a termination bar, with a continuous bead of sealant along the top of the term. bar. The exposed portion of the flashing is a sheet metal drip edge secured held in place by mastic or sealant, with a hemmed edge, extending from the face of the masonry about 1/2″. The flashing has an 12-16″ (nominal) vertical leg to bring it higher than the mortar dropping collection device (MDCD). The wall has a 2″ clear air space for drainage, and weep vents are spaced at 24″ o.c. There is an air/moisture/vapor barrier on the cavity side of the CMU, and 2″ rigid insulation resides in the drainage cavity.
01.030.0302: Base of Wall Detail - Flexible Flashing, Drip Edge, Term Bar, MDCD
Dynamic 3D Detail | <urn:uuid:c8e4e25d-9649-47bd-bd5d-3d12aa4752e3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://imiweb.org/01-030-0302-base-of-wall-detail-flexible-flashing-drip-edge-term-bar-mdcd/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00195-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.893048 | 202 | 1.601563 | 2 |
We present a system for 3D reconstruction of large-scale outdoor scenes based on monocular motion stereo. Ours is the first such system to run at interactive frame rates on a mobile device (Google Project Tango Tablet), thus allowing a user to reconstruct scenes "on the go" by simply walking around them. We utilize the device's GPU to compute depth maps using plane sweep stereo. We then fuse the depth maps into a global model of the environment represented as a truncated signed distance function in a spatially hashed voxel grid. We observe that in contrast to reconstructing objects in a small volume of interest, or using the near outlier-free data provided by depth sensors, one can rely less on free-space measurements for suppressing outliers in unbounded large-scale scenes. Consequently, we propose a set of simple filtering operations to remove unreliable depth estimates and experimentally demonstrate the benefit of strongly filtering depth maps. We extensively evaluate the system with real as well as synthetic datasets.
Large-Scale Outdoor 3D Reconstruction on a Mobile Device (Computer Vision and Image Understanding 2016) [bib] | <urn:uuid:fea96752-7335-4d1f-b801-fb4cdbd22f80> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.cvg.ethz.ch/research/3d-modeling-on-the-go/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00323-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.890535 | 225 | 1.820313 | 2 |
Tropic marine phosphate test for the determination of the phosphate concentration in fresh water and sea water. Phosphates are indispensable important food constituents of all plants and for the energy metabolism of each living cell. If the plants do not take up sufficient phosphate, the equilibrium of the phosphate cycle is disturbed. Strong alga growth or a growth inhibition with stony corals is the results. With the Tropic Marin PO phosphate test the phosphate concentration can be measured from 0.03 to 3 mg/1 with the colour chart.
The test reagents are sufficient for approx. 30 tests.Do you have questions about this article ? | <urn:uuid:7ddbb4f9-0c87-4ca5-a06a-29659292cbda> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aquaristikshop.com/aquaristic/Tropic-Marin-PO4-Test/307107/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00349-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.894208 | 126 | 2.8125 | 3 |
The UPS does not help. Note that similar coupling of the electromagnetic pulse from nearby lightning blew out my home computer via the Ethernet cable, even though my computer was on a UPS.
A: Lightning protection is needed whenever there is no guarantee that both ends of the wire will have about the same potential if lightning strikes. If you can establish a ground plane under everything with only one connection to the earth, you might be OK. This usually isn't possible if electric power or other wires leave the area of the ground plane.
Lightning currents can be huge, so even very low resistances can develop damaging voltages from one end to the other. The magnetic field from a lightning bolt changes in sub-microseconds, as does the electric field, so you have more than enough electromagnetic energy to get through cable screens. Conduit is better if it doesn't carry lightning current.
People who are serious about lightning protection put up tall towers with excellent earth grounds that are checked regularly. Lightning will prefer to strike the tower, which provides a cone of protection at about a 40° to 60° angle from the top, enough to cover buildings.
The trick is to isolate the tower lights from any other electrical circuit. Once the lightning is in the ground, it will dissipate over an area. That is why four-legged animals will die, but humans with their feet together may live when lightning strikes a nearby tree. Being inside a building is not enough, especially if the building has exterior lights.
This is a problem in risk management. Balance the chance of a lightning strike and its cost against the cost of lightning protection and the probability that it will be effective. Fiber-optic and wireless connections remove a lot of the risk.
The PolyPhaser division of the Protection Technology Group (www.transtector.com) has specialized in lightning protection for many years, especially for antennas. Its web site has good information about lightning and grounding.
Transmitter companies such as Rosemount offer external protection devices. Talk to PolyPhaser or MTL about what to do at the marshalling panel end.
I don't know of any device that will survive a direct hit, but a grounded metal building can protect even against direct hits.
A: Internal transient protection is relatively simple to implement in a 2-wire transmitter because there are only the two wires and the case or shield connection to worry about. In my opinion, all transmitters should have internal transient protection. I include it in all transmitters that I design. In my opinion, it should not just be an option. It should be included in the transmitters of all three cases that you list. I use transient protection zener diodes with at least a 600-W peak rating, such as the Littlefuse model SMBJ33CA.
Transient protection is not protection against direct or nearby lightning strikes. Nearby lightning strikes can cause a peak current flow of thousands of amps, and protection against that is not practical to include within the transmitter (even a very beefy circuit board copper trace can be burned-off). A direct lightning strike may cause the entire transmitter to vaporize or leave a melted mass of remains, and I don't know of any device that will protect against such an event. Some optional equipment is available, as you mention, for additional protection against damage from nearby lightning strikes.
In cases where cable runs will go outside a building and not underground, then you may want to consider the additional external protection.
David s. Nyce
A: Years ago, I normally used a metal oxide varistor in combination with a zener diode (in parallel, but with a small impedance in between). That was because the MOV could take a lot of peak power, which a small, inexpensive zener could not, but the MOV by itself was too slow to protect some MOS ICs. One problem with MOVs is that they can become damaged with repeated activation within their specified rating.
Now I use a higher power zener and no MOVs, because the higher power zeners are now available with a relatively small size (smaller than an equivalent MOV) and at low cost.
When building a lightning protection circuit (as opposed to just a transient protector), the first element in the circuit can be a high-voltage fuse, then a small impedance, followed by a spark gap of around 60 V (The spark gap is for the really high currents of a nearby lightning strike). The spark gap is followed by a small impedance and a power zener diode (around 33 V). The spark gap is available as a packaged component, with an arc-over voltage rating (usually around 60 V to 90 V). Extra-heavy traces are needed on the PCB that are able to support the current that will flow through the small impedances, into the spark gap and zener, for the amount of time until the fuse will blow. The spark gap and zener can handle repeated activations without degradation or failure.
A: You ask if transient protection is required for the transmitters if your listed three conditions are fulfilled simultaneously?
If the transmitters are "smart" (i.e., microprocessor-based), I would strongly recommend the use of internal transient protection unless the following additional conditions were all met:
- Your items #1, #2, and #3 and building/equipment/raceway grounds are industrial-grade level of compliance.
- The building is steel-framed (or grounding-conductor-framed) in a way that provides all equipment with the proper cone of protection.
- Further, the power distribution system in the building has a coordinated surge protection system in place down to the branch circuit level.
- The process is not hazardous so that safety is not an issue, because a run-away reaction will not result if transmitter components are damaged.
- Loss of process uptime is not an issue.
- Damage to downstream equipment (e.g., analog inputs) is not an issue.
- Transmitters are located in the same ground plane as the devices they are wired to.
- The plant site is in a very low lightning strike frequency area.
- PRIOR USE indicates surge protection is not needed. | <urn:uuid:c0a3df2b-c80a-4579-8dfa-ad93657aecfb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.controlglobal.com/articles/2010/petrochemicals1012/?start=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00507-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938035 | 1,276 | 2.703125 | 3 |
If you want to feel proud of yourself, you’ve got to do things you can be proud of.
It’s heartwarming to know that good, selfless people still exist in our society. One such person was Oseola McCarty, who died at the age of 91. Her obituary in the New York Times stated that, in anticipation of her death, at age 87 in 1995, Miss McCarty donated $150,000 to a scholarship fund at the University of Southern Mississippi to help poor students. The truly amazing thing, however, was that she was far from a wealthy woman. In fact, she washed clothes for a living, and the $150,000 represented her entire life savings. The selflessness of her gift garnered her worldwide and national attention, and she received numerous awards, shook hands with President Bill Clinton, and was honored by the United Nations. Upon hearing of her donation, contributions began pouring into the scholarship find, eventually adding some $330,000 to the original gift of $150,000… Miss McCarty had this to say about her actions: “There’s a lot of talk about self-esteem these days. It seems pretty basic to me. If you want to feel proud of yourself, you’ve got to do things you can be proud of. Feelings follow actions.”
Source: Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette’s Portfolio Manager’s Weekly, 7/26/2000 | <urn:uuid:84c1c196-30f8-4360-920b-a2b3ad68bc5c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thecitizenleader.com/2011/11/06/words-to-inspire-oseola-mccarty/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.975984 | 306 | 2.25 | 2 |
1. A 24 liter tank is stored in a 15 degree C room. Its gauge reads 280 psi. A 50 liter tank is stored in a 34 degree C room. Its gauge reads 425 psi. The two tanks are then joined by a piece of tubing, the combination being placed in a 0 degree C cooler. However, in the connection process 8 percent of the total gas is lost. What will either pressure gauge read one day later?
2. A certain person is breathing at a normal rate, the power associated with this breathing being 100 mW. After a short period of hard exercise, the volume of air being inhaled is doubled. As a result, the power of breathing grows to 800 mW. What is occurring as a result of this increased breathing volume. Justify your answers.
1. Two gas storage tanks at different pressure (psi) and temperature are connected, final pressure is calculated.
2. Power associated with breathing is increased. | <urn:uuid:e86e19e8-2fbe-4691-a4b7-0e18263bf0c9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://brainmass.com/physics/first-law-of-thermodynamics/heat-and-thermodynamics-gas-laws-57897 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00477-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955576 | 195 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Analyzing a quarrel over 'nothing'
I just saw a rerun of an episode of Everybody Loves Raymond, in which the husband and wife have a quarrel about a new can opener. The point of the episode was that even when quarrels seem to be about something trivial, they are really about more serious underlying issues.
Except that even the underlying issues are trivial, and the real problem is even deeper, at the core of character. So often, quarrels in a family, regardless of what they are "about," are caused by good old-fashioned sin.
Either someone is trying to conceal a sin -- in which case they often lash out at the person whose lack of sin puts them to shame -- or someone is expressing a sin which they have not yet rooted out of their heart.
(For anyone who dislikes my use of the plural "they" when the antecedent of the pronoun is the singular "someone," ask yourself first if you have any problem using the plural "you" when speaking to a lone person, for whom the correct pronoun is the singular "thou" or "thee." Resorting to plural pronouns when singular is grammatically required is a fine old tradition in English, and it gives us the neuter pronoun that we so desperately need when we wish to be imprecise about gender.)
Let me give you an example of such a quarrel-about-nothing which is really about unrepented sin.
Bob and Celia -- fictional husband and wife -- are at Subway with two teenagers. Bob has ordered two six-inch sandwiches for himself, one a hot meatball sub, the other a cold spicy Italian.
Bob is surprised to see that Subway has started putting eat-in sandwiches in plastic baskets instead of paper bags. At which point Celia pipes up with an instruction to the sandwich-maker. "Those two can go in the same basket," she says, referring to Bob's two sandwiches.
Only Bob doesn't want the two sandwiches in the same basket. One is hot, the other is cold. The meatball sub is wet with sauce, and he knows it will get all over everything -- he wants to keep it separate from the cold sandwich.
So easily this could become a husband-and-wife quarrel. Bob, filled with umbrage, might say, "I'm standing right here, Celia. If I want my sandwiches put in one basket, I can ask for it myself."
Celia might defend herself. "I was just trying to help." Or she might go on the counter-offensive. "Oh, so you want to try to fit two cumbersome baskets on the same little patch of a table."
The quarrel might end right there, and it would be one of those little spats that some married couples indulge in all the time, oblivious to the fact that their sniping embarrasses everyone around them.
Or they might escalate the quarrel when they get to the table, or even -- if either of them is skilled at grudge-holding -- when they're alone together, hours later. "You must think I'm one of the children," Bob might say, "making decisions for me without so much as asking me what I want, let alone assuming I'm an adult who can decide for myself."
Or Celia might decide to escalate. "Why do you contradict me like that in front of other people? You sounded so annoyed, like I'm a horrible burden that you have to drag around with you."
Or they might talk "like adults" about "deep underlying issues," like Bob's feeling constantly put down by Celia's assumption that she can decide "everything" for him, or her assumption that if she doesn't step in he'll do "everything" wrong.
Or Celia might feel the underlying issue is Bob's unwillingness to let any mistake of hers go uncorrected, as if she's supposed to be a silent wife and walk on eggshells lest the slightest thing offend him.
Either might conclude that after all these years of marriage, their partner doesn't understand them at all, or even love them. It can fill them with despair. Or they can let it turn to rage, lashing out again and again.
But "issues" like these are extremely unlikely ever to be resolved, for the simple reason that the real cause of this quarrel-about-nothing is sinful pride, and the entire cure is repentance.
Bob's reaction to Celia's "intrusion" might have been to think, "How lucky I am to have a wife who looks after the needs of other people, including me." He could have given her a smile and eaten the sandwiches from a single basket.
And when he realized how much less space the one basket took up on the table, he might even thank her for her foresight.
Or if it really mattered to him, he might have said. "I don't actually want the hot and cold sandwiches in the same basket, dear." Or, "Actually, the meatball sandwich is messy and I'd like to keep them separate."
Followed by a smile and a squeeze of the hand, to reassure her that he appreciates her looking out for him -- but he has a reason to want it otherwise.
If she has the sin of pride, then his correction might cause her to feel hurt and rejected, and fill her with resentment. But if she is free of that sin, she will not take his contradiction as personal rejection, but merely as a matter of his personal preference.
Here is the sad truth about pride: It is such a "humble" sin that it will take possession of the smallest, simplest, lowest "offenses" and blow them up into battles
And yet it can be overcome by simple love, assuming the noblest motive for the action of a beloved spouse.
Prideful spouses live on the verge of constant war. Generous spouses are far more likely to find their lives filled with love and peace.
And when only one spouse is sinfully proud, both their lives are filled with turmoil -- resentment on the part of the proud one, undeserved fear and guilt in the heart of the innocent.
Discussing such empty "issues" will only cause more pain to both. But quiet repentance of one's own sinful pride will bring peace and joy. So often the solution is not in therapy but in the sacrament.
Copyright © 2011 by Orson Scott Card
|Copyright © 2016 Orson Scott Card. All rights reserved.||Web Site Hosted and Designed by WebBoulevard.com| | <urn:uuid:5df8ca41-6a76-40c4-ba4f-81e7fa2bce14> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.nauvoo.com/mormontimes/columns/2011-06-02.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719079.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00033-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973668 | 1,353 | 1.976563 | 2 |
LAS PALMAS, Canary Islands (AP) - A plane carrying Bolivia's president is continuing on to Bolivia after a refueling stop in the Canary Islands. But controversy continues to swirl around an earlier, unscheduled stop in Austria.
The plane carrying Evo Morales from Moscow was re-routed to Austria, where it remained overnight -- allegedly because of suspicions that Morales was trying to bring NSA leaker Edward Snowden with him to Latin America.
Bolivia accused the United States of ordering European countries to block the flight from their airspace. But it's unclear whether those countries did, in fact, block the plane -- and if so, why. Officials in Spain, France and Portugal all say the plane was allowed to cross their territory.
The stop in Austria may have been caused by a dispute over where the plane could refuel, and whether European authorities could inspect it for signs of Snowden. Austrian officials say the plane was, in fact, searched early today by Austrian border police after Morales gave permission. Officials say Snowden wasn't on board.
Morales himself had sparked speculation that he might try to help Snowden get out of Moscow, where he's been in legal limbo at an international airport terminal. Morales said his country would be willing to grant him asylum.
(Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.) | <urn:uuid:02198c62-319b-4488-a368-8d234d22004d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.kxii.com/home/headlines/UPDATE-Morales-heads-home-after-diplomatic-uproar-214169321.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00551-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970407 | 281 | 1.5625 | 2 |
JERUSALEM, Jan. 5 -- U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry said Sunday morning before leaving Israel that any future peace agreement between Israel and the Palestinians would be "fair and balanced."
Kerry visited the region this weekend in another round of shuttle diplomacy to save the deteriorating talks between Israel and the Palestinians, which resumed in July, and tried to create a framework for guidelines of the actual agreement, including a timetable.
"President Obama and I are committed to putting forward ideas that are fair and balanced, and to improving the security of all peoples," Kerry said in Tel Aviv before his departure, according to a statement from the U.S. Embassy in Israel.
He added that both sides have ideas about the compromises that the leaders would have to decide upon in the near future in order to advance the agreement.
"This has been a productive couple of days," Kerry said. "We have had very positive -- and I have to say very serious, very intensive conversations," he added, saying that the controversial topics like the sovereignty over the Jordan Valley, the settlements, the question of the Palestinian refugees and Jerusalem's status were all discussed.
Kerry will return to Israel tonight, after a short visit in Jordan and Saudi Arabia throughout the day, and would meet once more with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in the evening.
The talks are currently at rock bottom, over Israel's insistence to keep a security force in the Jordan Valley, slated to be part of the Palestinian state, and Israel's construction in the settlements in the West Bank.
On Dec. 29, 2013, Israel's Ministerial Committee for Legislation passed a bill to annex Jewish settlements in the Palestinian Jordan Valley to be an official part of the Jewish state.
The bill still needs to be approved by the Knesset (Israeli parliament). If the bill becomes a law, Netanyahu will be unable to accept the U.S. proposal. | <urn:uuid:44509fe7-ab2e-4ed3-97c3-cd3578849b93> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://en.people.cn/90777/8503690.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00538-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963633 | 390 | 1.507813 | 2 |
HSAs (Health Savings Accounts) are accounts for individuals with high-deductible health plans (HDHPs). Contributions to HSAs are tax deductible up to an annual limit, and distributions made to cover out-of-pocket medical costs are not taxed.
If you enroll in Medicare Part A and/or B during the year, you can no longer contribute pre-tax dollars to your HSA. However, if you are approaching Medicare enrollment, we suggest you make your full annual contribution before Medicare begins. You will be able to utilize all of your funds, just not make any additional contributions.
If you choose to delay Medicare enrollment because you are still working and want to continue contributing to your HSA, you must also wait to collect Social Security retirement benefits. This is because most individuals who are collecting Social Security benefits when they become eligible for Medicare are automatically enrolled into Medicare Part A. You cannot decline Part A while collecting Social Security benefits.
Finally, if you decide to delay enrolling in Medicare, make sure to stop contributing to your HSA at least six months prior to Medicare enrollment. When you enroll in Medicare Part A, you receive up to six months of retroactive coverage, not going back farther than your initial month of eligibility. If you do not stop HSA contributions at least six months before Medicare enrollment, you may incur a tax penalty. | <urn:uuid:8b5457dd-8688-4b69-b760-67903567642e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thehopkinsgroup.com/2021/08/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.953386 | 276 | 1.632813 | 2 |
GENEVA (AP) — Infection rates for the Middle East respiratory syndrome are slowing and scientists are working to stop the dangerous coronavirus from spreading further internationally, a top U.N. health official says.
Most of the 824 confirmed cases of MERS since 2013, including at least 286 deaths, could have been prevented, Dr. Keiji Fukuda, assistant director-general of the World Health Organization, told The Associated Press.
About 40 percent of the people who became infected have died, he said, calling that "a much higher-than-normal fatality rate" for a virus.
"I hope that within the next year or so we really have another significant level of understanding about the virus and how to stop it," said Fukuda, a U.S.-trained physician and former U.N. special adviser on pandemic influenza.
"If we take a look at all of the people that we know got infected (in hospitals), probably the vast majority of those people's infections could have been prevented," he added.
On the other hand, Fukuda says WHO still doesn't understand well enough how people are getting infected in their communities.
Most of the cases have occurred in Saudi Arabia and the virus is thought to be primarily acquired through contact with camels, although he said scientists should do more to find out whether other animals might serve as a reservoir for the virus.
Saudi Arabia has greatly improved its surveillance efforts since a surge of MERS cases in April, Fukuda said, but added more efforts were need ahead of the Muslim pilgrimage season when millions travel to Saudi Arabia.
Pilgrims, particularly those with underlying medical problems, should be made aware of the MERS threat because the Hajj "always has the potential for either bringing in infections or carrying out infections," Fukuda said.
He said researchers are starting to develop a vaccine but that's probably years away from fruition. | <urn:uuid:b69701be-0dd8-470e-87c3-8d68b39b20c2> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.pharmpro.com/news/2014/07/un-mers-deadly-most-cases-are-preventable | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00427-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9773 | 392 | 2.859375 | 3 |
India is well known for its quality of education that it provides and Hyderabad is one among them. Hyderabad is well known for its industry and the job opportunities it provides. Hyderabad has major of industries in areas like management, IT/ ITES, financial services, pharmaceutical, biotech, entertainment, hardware, gems & jewellery, apparel and aerospace. Due to rapid expansion of industries more people i.e. the managers are needed to manage people, finances and projects. Hyderabad is best city to pursue their higher studies in management field. Few of the best mba colleges in Hyderabad are ISB, ICFAI, IMT, IIPM & Amity Global Business School.
For seeking admissions into mba one needs to complete three years bachelors degree from a recognized university and also needs to appear for entrance exam once you complete 10+2. Students into their final year of graduation are also eligible to apply. Few of the best MBA colleges in Hyderabad accept CAT as a qualifying test whereas top management institutions such as ISB accept GMAT scores.Many stearms are being provided in MBA like marketing, human resource, finance, banking & information technology. Depending upon the interest of the candidate and his future plan he can choose his required stream.
MBA can pursued in two modes one is through distance mode and the other is through regular mode.Candidates who want gain work experience while working can opt for distance learning. | <urn:uuid:bcee85f3-282a-47df-8527-5f90b0c22ebe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.way2college.com/articles/general/mba-colleges-in-hyderabad | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00356-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960084 | 292 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Resist Obamacare: No State Insurance Exchanges
States have until Dec.12 of this year to decide if they will set up the insurance exchanges mandated by the Obamacare law. These exchanges will be the marketplace where health insurance is to be sold under the so-called Affordable Care Act.
But, each state has the right to decide for itself if it wants to establish an exchange. If a state refuses, the federal government will step in, do it for them and run the exchanges itself.
It will make a huge difference whether a state sets up its own exchanges. The exchanges are likely to be an administrative nightmare. Most likely consumers won’t know how to use them, won’t understand the pricing and the options, and will have nowhere to turn for help. All of our fears of federal incompetence will probably be realized when these new exchanges are established.
If the exchanges are federal, President Obama will get the blame that he will richly deserve. The incompetence of federal regulation will be manifest, and the frustration will cause many to turn against the Obamacare law.
Already, governors in Ohio, Wisconsin, Alaska, Maine, Indiana, Nebraska, Texas, North Carolina and South Carolina have announced that they will not set up exchanges. New Jersey, Oklahoma, Louisiana, Virginia and a host of other states have not yet reached a decision. Experts say that about half of the states are expected to refuse to establish the exchanges.
This is a crucial juncture in the implementation of Obamacare. If states assume the responsibility for administering this nightmare, the blame will not land on the president’s doorstep.
And, if Obama’s inability to meet any of the deadlines in the law is any guide, he won’t meet the requirement to establish health insurance exchanges in time for 2014, forcing yet another postponement of the implementation of the law. This will give us a crack at the 2014 legislative elections where we might send an anti-Obamacare majority to the Senate and could possibly block implementation.
Resistance must be our policy!
Please sign the attached petition for your state’s governor asking that he not establish a health insurance exchange. Please include your address so we can send it to your governor.
Dear Fellow Obamacare Opponent,
Please sign the attached petition asking your governor not to set up a health insurance exchange as requested by the President under the Obamacare law. If he or she joins many other governors in refusing to do so, the administrative burden will fall on the federal government. Most likely they will fail to do it efficiently and a further postponement of the law will be necessary. Don’t do Obama’s dirty work for him. Tell you governor to stand up for you.
We the undersigned call on our governor to refuse to establish health insurance exchanges. We refuse to do Obama’s dirty work for him.
Even though my father, brother, uncles and grandfather were in the military, I seldom handled guns growing up. That’s because unlike many of the other people in my family, I’ve...Read More
When you were a kid, do you ever remember your mother asking you, “if your friends jumped off a bridge,
Yesterday, I ran across an article in USA Today that should have created a firestorm of controversy. Apparently, Congress has | <urn:uuid:2d62a46c-0e68-490f-8607-1c72957a5030> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://rightwingnews.com/column-2/resist-obamacare-no-state-insurance-exchanges/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00095-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945879 | 681 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Pop Quiz: What do 1 out of 15 people have?
Answer: A credit score below 500. And perhaps an STD.
FICO scores run on a 300 to 850 scale and reportedly only 6.3% of the US population has a 300-499 score. So I hate to be the bearer of bad news, but if you have a 500 credit score you are about as low as you can go (at least from a credit standpoint).
The silver lining? You can really only improve from here and it’s totally possible to start building your credit now.
1. You won’t qualify for any traditional credit cards
With this low of a score, you are unlikely to qualify for any regular, non-secured credit card. You probably won’t even be able to get a plain vanilla Walmart store card with that low of a score.
So my first bit of advice is to try out this tool right now and find out in 60 seconds if you are matched for any credit card offers. IF you are matched for an offer, then go for it!
Use this tool since it matches you with offers. Don’t screw up your credit even more by randomly applying for cards from other places and hoping something sticks. Why? Because doing so might drop your score even further (or at least put inquiries on your credit report, which can make you look even riskier to lenders, if that’s possible). Having too many can negatively impact your score, wiping out any gains you might experience from good behavior. So the lesson is to only apply for a card for which you have a good chance of qualifying, and this handy Cardfinder tool won’t affect your credit at all.
2. Avoid other cards that hit you with excessive fees
There are a small handful of unsecured cards out there that will probably approve a credit score of 500. When you see the fees they charge, you will understand why.
Example: First Premier Bank MasterCard
With this not so lovely offer you will pay a $95 processing fee and $75 annual fee. And what do you get in return? A measly $300 credit limit. Oh yeah and a 36% interest rate to go along with it.
Does your credit really stink? 500 is less than fresh, but that does not mean you deserve to get taken for advantage of just because you don’t have a ton of options available. Don’t fall prey to these fee-harvester sub-prime credit cards from issuers like First Premier. They make boatloads of money on the backs of working folks who have few other options. Granted, they have to charge more because the loss rates can be pretty shocking in the subprime market. But still, they take advantage of the lack of competition.
3. Secured cards are your best (and probably only) choice
So with the exception of First Premier Bank, the only credit cards for a 500 credit score are going to be secured.
What does this involve? A security deposit. In exchange for ponying up a deposit, you will be able to get a card. But don’t worry, the deposit will be refundable whenever you choose to cancel your card plus many banks that issue these cards will even pay you interest on the funds, so it’s just as good as putting the money in a traditional bank savings account.
The good news is that major issuers like Capital One and Discover offer secured credit cards along with their other customer-friendly features like free access to FICO credit scores. That can be a huge perk since you can watch and see how your responsible credit behavior builds your credit score over time. Here is my favorite credit card to rebuild credit. Its fees are very reasonable (and I think you will agree with me too).
Now as far as getting a mortgage or auto loan with a 500 credit score…that’s probably a pipe dream (or perhaps you’ve been smoking something from a pipe). Just get a secured credit card and build some solid credit over time – things will start looking up after a year or two of using secured credit responsibly. Then, you can enjoy fair credit terms for all types of loans – even the fanciest credit cards in the market that allow you to earn lucrative rewards.
This post was written or last updated April 11, 2016 | <urn:uuid:6619a5b9-9fcb-49a9-9b3b-c0bff7d16795> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://creditcardforum.com/blog/500-credit-score/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00163-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963244 | 899 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Not only were there ritual obligations in the Tabernacle and Temple, but ethical duties, pedagogic tasks and spiritual obligations.
For instance, “Aaron shall bear the judgment of the Children of Israel on his heart before the Lord” (Ex. 28:30).
One of the commentators says that this shows that Aaron was like the people’s heart. Whatever situation they were in, he felt it in his heart before there was any outward manifestation.
It’s not an easy burden to be a leader, because all leadership – of whatever kind – must take its cue from this aspect of Aaron. The leader has to feel what is going on within the people, and has to know what is going to happen before it happens.
The moment that the heart of the leader loses this instinct, it is time to step down and retire from office. | <urn:uuid:ed4b88fa-0881-4d88-9ca1-7a257a153a9e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.oztorah.com/2011/02/aarons-heart-ttzavveh/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00490-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979418 | 178 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Kimberley’s conversation about backyard chickens has been put on hold, after a decision by Kimberley Council last week to not amend the bylaws to allow urban poultry.
In November, 2013, Council received information and petitions from a local resident calling for regulation of backyard chickens in the community. At that time, Council directed City staff to research the issue and present options for Council’s consideration at a future meeting.
Mayor Ron McRae said that at the meeting on Monday, June 23, there were two choices put before Council.
“One was that we further engage the community in looking at the amendments to the bylaw that would in fact allow backyard chickens,” he said. “The other option was to not proceed with looking at amendments. So in effect, no, we would not entertain amending the bylaw to allow backyard chickens.
“The second option was the way the Council chose to go — to not proceed any further to amending the bylaw, and moving on to looking at something else.”
McRae said that the basis of the decision was the potential that introducing backyard chickens had of attracting wildlife.
“Staff did a good amount of research,” he said. “We did get feedback from the public, both positive and negative. And really, the bottom line was it really didn’t make sense to introduce another attractant into the community that presents a conflict situation with respect to wildlife — specifically bears.
“We are in the process of minimizing as many attractants as we can,” McRae added. “We just recently have taken down on city property a number of fruit trees that were attractants for bears.
“So at this point in time it didn’t make sense to introduce something that had the potential to bring more wildlife into the community.” | <urn:uuid:f4bcca57-f97d-4b12-8c6b-1231d73927b0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cranbrooktownsman.com/news/no-backyard-chickens-for-kimberley-at-this-time/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.975849 | 388 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Letter: Don't ignore land during development
As oil/gas facilities build out in North Dakota, further permanent harm to agricultural land must be prevented, while ensuring the land can be returned to an economically productive agricultural status.
Undoubtedly thousands of agricultural land acres will be displaced by oil well pads, roads, tank batteries, man camps, permanent waste facilities, etc., in the near future.
Of great concern is that existing regulatory policies and laws (overseen/enforced by North Dakota Industrial Commission Oil and Gas Division and the North Dakota Health Department) are outdated, without uniform regulations and reclamation standards in place.
Regulations were developed when there were very few rigs drilling, only 25-30 percent became producing wells, and production was much less. More troubling, permanent damage occurs at alarming rates via saltwater spills from pipeline ruptures, tank overflows, rusted-out treaters/equipment, illegal dumping and other careless oil field activities.
Though sometimes unavoidable, many "accidents" are caused by negligence, faulty/improperly maintained equipment, hasty task completion, ignoring established safety measures, don't-care attitudes and operator error.
Saltwater spill damage is nearly impossible to repair; various solutions used in North Dakota have had unsatisfactory outcomes. Excavating severely damaged soil, hauling to designated facilities and replacing with nontoxic clay and topsoil can cost $1 million/acre, with much contamination still remaining.
With each spill, salt remains in the soil, leaving the land permanently unusable for productive agriculture. Saltwater is not just water. As well production increases monthly, so does saltwater production.
Strict enforcement of updated, appropriate policies and regulations could prevent or minimize most accidents. Reported spills garner little attention, perhaps due to insufficient resources, staffing deficiencies, inadequate fines, low regulatory department priorities and enforcement difficulties.
North Dakota agencies must develop regulations/policies addressing today's technologies and practices. True reform must provide real consequences for violators, perhaps broadening enforcement by levying immediate fines and rewarding those who report violations, mimicking other state agencies.
Now is the time for North Dakota to move forward to protect our agricultural community's future. Consisting of many third- and fourth-generation farmers and ranchers, this new generation can co-exist with responsible development of North Dakota's irreplaceable natural resources, deserving protection by appropriate state regulation and enforcement and recognizing the changing scope and pace of today's oil production activity.
Preservation of our land -- one of North Dakota's most valued natural resources -- should not be ignored during this development.
Northwest Landowners Executive Board Chairman Myron Hanson,Souris; Vice Chairman Troy Coons, Donnybrook; Secretary Galen Peterson, Maxbass; Treasurer Bob Grant, Berthold | <urn:uuid:9c1056b4-0316-4795-ba5a-7ca111061c9b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thedickinsonpress.com/content/letter-dont-ignore-land-during-development | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00447-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935732 | 571 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Plattsburgh, NY – Amy Wells is preparing to participate in Walk MS: Plattsburgh, and she wants the community to join her. Wells was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in 2006. MS is an unpredictable and often debilitating disease that affects the central nervous system, but Wells will not let her diagnosis get in the way of working toward a cure. She is team captain of “Don’t MS With Me” for the second consecutive year. Friends, family and co-workers join together to support Wells’ efforts to raise awareness and funds for MS research.
“It was a pretty challenging experience when I found out that I had MS,” said Wells, “you never know what each day is going to bring.”
Despite the challenges of having multiple sclerosis, Wells continues to be a key participant and serves an integral role with the National MS Society Upstate New York Chapter. She has worked with local community partners to provide wheelchairs for those who would like to participate in Walk MS but may have difficulties walking the route.
“With the donation of wheelchairs at the 2014 Plattsburgh Walk MS we can ensure that everyone who wants to participate has the opportunity,” said Wells. “I believe Walk MS is great for spreading awareness and bringing the community together. It amazes me how many people ask ‘what is MS?’ when it affects so many people and families.”
MS affects more than 2.3 million people worldwide and more than 12,800 people in the 50-county region served by the Upstate New York Chapter.
On the first Tuesday of every month, Wells facilitates support group meetings at the United Way office on Tom Miller Road in Plattsburgh. If you are interested in attending or want to learn more information, contact Amy Wells at 518-578-7497.
If you’re interested in joining Walk MS as a volunteer or as a participant, you can register on site the day of the event, or online at walkMSupstateny.org.
What: Walk MS 2014
Where: Plattsburgh, 52 U.S. Oval, Plattsburgh, NY 12903
When: Sunday, May 4; registration 9 a.m.; opening ceremony 9:55 a.m.
How: Participants can register on site the day of the event, or online at
For more information or to arrange an interview, contact Ashley Greenman, Senior Manager of Community Engagement, 585-271-0805 (x70322), Ashley.Greenman@nmss.org. | <urn:uuid:0d7e080d-ce9e-47c0-bfea-089e02558703> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nationalmssociety.org/Chapters/NYR/About-this-Chapter/News/Plattsburgh-Woman-Mobilizes-Community,-Ensures-Ava | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00302-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946684 | 533 | 1.554688 | 2 |
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Re: Phorusrhacids killing large mammals in National Geographic Channel
Was this supposed to reflect reality?
I thought all the mammals of this period were fairly small,
outside of the 'walking whales'?
Or was it one of those 'who would win in a fight' presentations?
--- On Tue, 7/21/09, Augusto Haro <email@example.com> wrote:
> From: Augusto Haro <firstname.lastname@example.org>
> Subject: Phorusrhacids killing large mammals in National Geographic Channel
> To: "vrtpaleo" <VRTPALEO@usc.edu>, "Dinosaur Mailing List" <email@example.com>
> Date: Tuesday, July 21, 2009, 3:32 AM
> Last night I was watching a show at
> Nat Geo with phorusrhacids killing
> mammals larger than themselves like Woody Woodpecker,
> hitting with
> their beak, and apparently the downcurved tip of the upper
> jaw (as a
> sidenote, one also put a wolf to sleep with a karate kick
> on the
> head). As far as I know, no Recent bird uses the curved tip
> of the
> upper jaw in this way, but it helps tearing flesh from
> corpses. In the
> show it is also said that the beak is largely hollow...
> would not this
> make the beak more fragile, and thus less likely to perform
> Is there a recent study suggesting phorusrhacids hitted the
> prey with
> their beaks instead of just biting? | <urn:uuid:3013c441-08d5-4270-bbc2-11c3dc4a860c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://dml.cmnh.org/2009Jul/msg00201.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00383-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89619 | 389 | 2.703125 | 3 |
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Object Orientation and General technical topics module Q906
Object Orientation: Individual Objects
Exercises, examples and other material relating to training module Q906. This topic is presented on public courses Learning to program in Python
, Learning to Program in Java
, Learning to program in Ruby
, Learning to program in C and C++
, Object Oriented Programming in PHP
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Object Orientation is perhaps the best design approach for medium-size to large applications and systems. In this module (the first of three on Object Orientation that are equally applicable to all the OO languages that we teach), we define object orientation, and study the design of simple objects.
Related technical and longer articlesIncr-Tcl - Object Oriented extension to TclObject Orientation in Perl - First Steps
|Articles and tips on this subject||updated|
|4650||Why populate object with values as you construct them?|
Objects are a great way to bundle up a whole lot of values (also known as properties or attributes) into a single container / collection, allowing the the programmer who makes use of the objects to be able to set them up just once and delegate the management of the values to the class / object code. ...
|4591||From single block to structure and object oriented programming|
If you're writing a very short, one-off program, you're likely to mix your calcualtion details in with your data input / output and data format handling - "quick and easy" - for example, code (Python 2.7 and 3.x) [here].
But as your application grows, and the code grows, a single block becomes less ...
|4448||What is the difference between a function and a method?|
I strongly encourage delagates on our courses to divide their code into managable, understandable, testable, re-usable chunks rather than write it all into a single block. And the adjectives I've used (managable, understandable, testable, re-usable) explain why.
You can process data within these chunks ...
|4021||Spike solution, refactored and reusable, Python - Example|
The other day, we suffered a gap in service from one of our dedicated hosts and after the event I wanted to go through the server logs to find how long the gap was, and whether there was any unusual activity prior to the outage. Problem was - I was looking in a 60 Mbyte log file with ovr 200,000 records ...
|3721||Naming blocks of code, structures and Object Orientation - efficient coding in manageable chunks|
Soon after you start to program, you'll learn that you want to re-use code. And that re-use will sometimes come in the form of loops, and at other times in the form of named blocks of code which you'll call up from multiple places in your program, or indeed from multiple programmers.
• A good ...
|3436||Moving from scripting to Object Orientation in Python|
Using what's been described as the scripting idiom, a "scripter" will write a series of code steps which perform a task from top to bottom. For a job that only involves simple data manipulation (even if there's a lot of data to have that manipulation applied), this approach can be very effective indeed ...
|2651||Calculation within objects - early, last minute, or cached?|
When you create an object with the constructor, you may also set property [attribute] values within it ... or you may follow on with a series of method calls to set the initial values. Then when you pull back values / attributes / properties from your object you return those values, or the results ...
|2393||A first demonstration of OO, including polymorphism|
"Object Oriented" often means big and heavy code even for the first example application demos ... since OO works really well when you're meeting requirements beyond those which are small enough to be described as 'trivial'. So I'm very pleased with this little demonstration in Python which shows - all ...
|2171||Cleaning up redundant objects|
In Object Oriented Design, you'll find that there's a piece of code you can add to your classes called the destructor method ... which you don't usually call explicitly in your code.
When a variable goes "out of scope" and is no longer available to your code , it is marked for destruction so that any ...
|2173||Basic OO principles|
Object Oriented Programming is often described as "data driven", but what does that mean?
For delegates who have been on my Object Oriented courses, I'm reproducing here is a diagram that I develop on the board during the course. And I'm reproducing it with some reluctance, as it's the very development ...
|1925||Introduction to Object Oriented Programming|
"Object Oriented Programming" is a whole new philosophy for programmers who have been writing short scripts for years, and it can be quite frightening to learn with all these new buzzwords like "overriding", "encapsulation" and "polymorphism" creeping in. It's a beautiful concept and a lovely approach, ...
|1864||Object Oriented Perl - First Steps|
There are some occasions when a new example that I write / a topic that comes up on a course results in an article that's so long that it doesn't fit into the Blog / short article format, but requires a more substantial mechanism.
And so it is for my First steps in Object Oriented Perl examples, written ...
|227||Bellringing and Programming and Objects and Perl|
For the second time this year (and it's only the second month), I find that I have a keen bell-ringer on my programming course ... he's off each evening to meet up with fellow bell-ringers in church towers in Wiltshire, and having a really good time outside course hours as well as during the day. I understand ...
|1543||Learning Object Oriented Principles (and perhaps Java)|
During an intensive 3 day Java course last week, I gave an introduction to the principles of Object Oriented Design, and a very short segment on design principles (there's a limit to how much can be covered in three days, and Java itself was the main topic).
As a follow up to that course, I promised ...
|507||Introduction to Object Oriented Programming|
So what exactly IS object oriented programming? Easy question to ask, but a hard one to answer in just a sentence or two. Let's try.
In an object oriented scenario, you group together all the pieces of code that relate to a certain type of data. That code grouping will be called a class and it will ...
Examples from our training material
|after2.c|| Functions - fundamental calls|
|after3.c|| Functions - passing in a structure|
|an01|| creating a hash of data in Perl |
|an02|| creating a hash of data in a package in Perl|
|an03|| Creating and accessing simple objects in Perl |
|animal.pm|| Creating and using Perl objects in a class |
|bells.pm|| Bell change class - notation and change interpreter|
|cap_functional.py|| Functional coding|
|cap_object.py|| Object coding|
|cap_singleblock.py|| single block coding|
|classic.php|| First Class demo|
|develop.cpp|| Methods (C++) - functions that run on an object|
|gap|| Log file gap reporter - single code block (Python)|
|oogap|| Log file gap reporter - using logtime object (Python)|
|oogap2|| Log file gap reporter - using multiple objects (Python)|
|osx.php|| An array of objects|
|rails_oo|| Using the Object Oriented idiom|
|rails_script|| Using the scripting idiom|
|ringer|| Test program for the "bells" class |
|sc.java|| Structured code in Java|
|sc.perl|| Structured code in Perl |
|ua|| Final example - calling basic Perl classes|
|ua01|| Calling functions in Perl from another file |
|ua02|| Calling functions from a module in Perl|
|ua03|| Creating and using objects in Perl|
PicturesObject Orientation really works ;-)
Some modules are available for download
as a sample of our material or under an Open Training Notes License
for free download from [here]
Topics covered in this module
Subroutines, functions, procedures.
Object Oriented Programming.
A note on political, or religious issues.
Introduction to OO Programming.
Static and Nonstatic.
Accessing members of a class.
Direct access to variables.
Encouraging class use.
If you are looking for a complete course and not just a information on a single subject, visit our Listing and schedule
Well House Consultants specialise in training courses in
. We run
throughout the UK (and beyond for longer courses), and
at our training centre in Melksham, Wiltshire, England.
It's surprisingly cost effective to come on our public courses -
even if you live in a different
country or continent to us
We have a technical library of over 700 books on the subjects on which we teach.
These books are available for reference at our training centre. | <urn:uuid:cf1d9e3c-a855-4dad-91a9-3922f0b1a4b7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wellho.net/resources/Q906.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00482-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.880296 | 2,162 | 2.25 | 2 |
ERIC Number: ED418581
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1997
Issues in the Teaching of Grammar in a Foreign Language.
Weatherford, H. Jarold
A number of issues in classroom second language instruction, particularly as they relate to grammar instruction, are considered in the context of recent research and theory. Discussion begins with a review of the nature and role of second language grammar instruction. Following this, these issues are explored: whether the native or target language should be used in explaining or discussing grammar; whether the inductive or deductive approach should be adopted; whether students can read basic grammar rules on their own, or need teacher intervention; whether grammar should occupy a central or more subordinate role in the classroom; how error correction should be used; whether students enjoy grammar and consider it necessary; and what constitutes grammar. The paper concludes that grammar is a necessary component of second language instruction, not to be either the primary focus of instruction or relegated to a status of unimportance, but viewed as a tool for development of communicative competence. Contains 31 references. (MSE)
Publication Type: Reports - Evaluative; Speeches/Meeting Papers
Education Level: N/A
Audience: Practitioners; Teachers
Authoring Institution: N/A
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A
Note: Paper presented at the Joint Meeting of the Southern Conference on Language Teaching and the South Carolina Foreign Language Teachers' Association (Myrtle Beach, SC, 1997). | <urn:uuid:0d25df25-f8e3-4aa5-9387-3c22c4bd1e52> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED418581 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.872061 | 355 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Temperatures may plunge to -12C - colder than during Beast from East
- Credit: Denise Bradley
More snow has fallen in some parts of the county this week than during the notorious Beast from the East of 2018, as temperatures also look set to beat the worst of that spell.
According to Norwich-based meteorologists Weatherquest, certain parts of Norfolk this week saw a greater amount of snowfall than in the cold snap of 2018.
And while it is believed the worst of the snowfall is now behind us, with only short, isolated showers forecasts, overnight temperatures tonight could well drop beneath the coldest recording during the Beast.
In 2018, the lowest the mercuries dropped to was -8.8C, which came close to being met last night when the temperature plummeted to -8.5C in the Houghton Hall area.
However, this could very well be exceeded tonight Weatherquest forecaster Adam Dury predicting the Norfolk-Suffolk border, close to Santon Downham, could see temperatures as low as -11 or -12C.
He said: "It's definitely going to be a pretty cold one tonight. Most parts of the county will generally see temperatures of around -6C, -8C at a lowest, but places around Santon Downham and Thetford could potentially be even colder.
"In terms of additional snowfall, we're not expecting much more. There may be some isolated showers but with temperatures staying subzero, the snow that has fallen will likely linger."
- 1 'Extremely dangerous' - Warning issued after cliff fall
- 2 Lowestoft's £24.9 million funding for regeneration projects approved
- 3 Travellers set up 'unauthorised' camp in popular park
- 4 Woman 'alarmed and distressed' after man made lewd comment
- 5 Three-bed flat on Lowestoft beach with sea views on sale for £400k
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- 7 Southwold woman saved cyclist's life after crashing into river
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- 10 Comedian Andy Parsons to perform at two coastal towns in the same night
Mr Dury also warned that as a result of the low temperatures, roads would continue to be icy, with any snow that melts during the daytime immediately turning to ice once the mercuries drop.
Meanwhile, he also revealed that certain areas of Norfolk saw more snowfall in the past three days than during the infamous cold snap of late February 2018.
He said Foulsham, in particular, had been worst hit, with some reports of up to 37cm of snow having fallen in the parish.
Other parts of the county, such as Ingworth, Reepham and Fakenham had also seen in the region of 25cm and 30cm recorded.
But he added as an overall average for the region, Norfolk and Waveney had seen around 15cm of snowfall, although there was a considerable variance in areas.
He added: "The Beast from the East was much more focussed on the south of Norfolk, while this has seen the north affected more."
Meanwhile, families have continued to get creative in the snow, building elaborate snow sculptures and enjoying what the weather has to offer.
Among these, people have made replicas of Olaf from the Disney Frozen series and a thumbs up dedicated to NHS workers. | <urn:uuid:1f9c2e95-8e99-4bcf-994e-bd28226f5e61> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lowestoftjournal.co.uk/news/weather/how-does-snow-compare-to-beast-from-east-7317794 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.966956 | 735 | 1.546875 | 2 |
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