text stringlengths 181 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 3 values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 50 138k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The retransmission fight between CBS and Time Warner cable shows no sign of abating, but it is triggering some interesting discussions over how consumers and regulators should handle the standoff. Dave suggests that Time Warner subscribers pick up a Mohu Leaf antenna to amplify over-the-air CBS signals while cable access is cut off.
On the regulatory front, GigaOM points us to a blog post by Harold Feld, attorney and Legal Director for Public Knowledge. Among other suggestions, Feld recommends that the FCC should bar CBS from blocking Time Warner subscribers from accessing its content on CBS.com. The theory is that CBS can choose what programming it makes available online, but it can’t discriminate against a specific group of viewers.
Meanwhile, I’m left wondering why no one seems to bring up the obvious discussion point. Should we still have free TV? Broadcast networks now rely heavily on retransmission revenue, and that’s why negotiations with cable companies are such a big deal. But retrans fees trickle down to consumers, which means people are paying for free content just to get it through their cable provider. Is the idea of free TV dying out as business models evolve? More importantly, should we be trying to save it?
I believe there is a role for free television, but not necessarily in the way it exists today. (Those one-hour dramas are hard to subsidize with ad revenue.) More importantly, as more content producers move to IP delivery, we have to consider how free access to critical content makes its transition to the Internet-powered world. If we want to keep a free TV service, eventually we’re going to have to relocate it to the web.
I don’t know the answers here, but it’s a debate we should probably start. Do we want free TV in the future? And what should it look like? | <urn:uuid:658c8ad7-a0dc-4386-ae08-a87d27da21d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://zatznotfunny.com/2013-08/cbs-blackout-should-ignite-free-tv-debate/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.944984 | 382 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Why does one management style make employees hate their jobs while a different style inspires them to outperform and commands their respect? Emotionally intelligent people-management skills turn out to be the primary reason. In modern organizations keen to retain their most talented human capital, there may be no more important competency to develop than the skills that motivate people to outperform the competition.
9 Powerful Practices of Really Great Bosses features a sensible, easily implemented framework organized into three distinct sets of skills—foundational, prevention of common pitfalls, and advanced relationship management. Kohn and O’Connell enhance the approaches to effective people management that they presented in their highly praised previous publication 6 Habits of Highly Effective Bosses.
Stephen E. Kohn is president of Work & People Solutions, specializing in executive coaching, management training, and organizational development. He works one-on-one with managers and executives at many leading corporate organizations, including Ernst & Young, DuPont, the Guardian Life Insurance Company of America, and BMW USA. He also delivers a variety of specialized training for new managers, focusing on methods for transitioning to a role requiring sound approaches to people empowerment and more senior-level leadership. Kohn works out of White Plains, New York.
Vincent D. O’Connell is president of B-SOLID Coaching and Training, a McLean, Virginia–based training and consulting firm focused on improving leadership, account relationship management, and teamwork skills within organizations. O’Connell served in executive positions in marketing at various hospitals, and he was a consultant for the Hay Group and Buck Consultants. A graduate of Brown University, he did his graduate work in human resources management at Cornell University. O’Connell has authored numerous articles for professional journals and coauthored five books with Kohn. | <urn:uuid:2ad34e20-f486-4cc4-9e4f-dca5daad60a5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.safaribooksonline.com/library/view/9-powerful-practices/9781504020268/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00127-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947893 | 365 | 1.5625 | 2 |
CONFRONTATION IN THE GULF
CONFRONTATION IN THE GULF; A Month of Crisis in the Persian Gulf
Published: September 2, 1990
Aug. 2 Iraq invades Kuwait hours after talks broke down between the two nations over oil production and debt repayment. Iraqi troops seize vast petroleum reserves and Kuwait's capital, plunging the Persian Gulf region into crisis. Witnesses report hundreds of casualties. The Kuwaiti ruler flees. President Bush calls the invasion ''naked aggression.'' The United Nations Security Council votes overwhelmingly to condemn it and demand the Iraqis' immediate and total withdrawal.
Aug. 3 Iraqis move into position for a possible attack on Saudi Arabia. Baghdad announces that its troops will begin withdrawing Aug. 5 unless the security of Iraq or of occupied Kuwait is threatened.
Aug. 4 The Iraqi occupiers fortify positions in Kuwait. The 12 nations of the European Community impose an immediate embargo on oil imports from Iraq and Kuwait. Hasty plans for an Arab summit meeting fall apart.
Aug. 5 Mr. Bush, all but committing himself to use military force against the Iraqis if necessary, says their assault ''will not stand.'' Their withdrawal, he says, is the only acceptable outcome.
Aug. 6 The United Nations Security Council orders a sweeping trade and financial boycott on Iraq and occupied Kuwait.
Aug. 7 The United States says Iraqi forces, having overrun Kuwait, pose an imminent threat to Saudi Arabia. Washington orders American armor, jet fighters and paratroopers to the Saudi kingdom.
Aug. 8 Thousands of American troops are deployed on Saudi soil, which Mr. Bush vows to protect.
Aug. 9 United States and allied naval forces in the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean Sea and Persian Gulf will soon begin enforcing a blockade on Iraqi trade, Bush Administration officials say.
Aug. 10 The Arab League votes to send troops to Saudi Arabia. Of the league's members, only Libya and the Palestine Liberation Organization openly back the Iraqis as this watershed decision is reached.
Aug. 11 Egyptian and Moroccan troops begin to land in Saudi Arabia. Mr. Bush makes it clear that he will be pleased if the Iraqi President, Saddam Hussein, is overthrown.
Aug. 12 Mr. Bush orders American forces to block Iraqi oil exports and all imports to Iraq except some food shipments, Administration officials say.
Aug. 14 Pentagon officials disclose that the United States has deployed more than 20,000 troops in Saudi Arabia. The Administration is considering the partial mobilization of reserve forces to help deter an Iraqi attack there.
Aug. 15 Baghdad offers to meet almost all of Iran's terms for resolving key issues left from their eight-year war. The step is meant to counter Iraq's growing isolation.
Aug. 16 Mr. Bush and King Hussein of Jordan meet for two hours at Kennebunkport, Me., but fail to make progress toward easing the crisis.
Aug. 17 Administration officials say the President has decided to call up a limited number of reservists. The Pentagon commandeers commercial jetliners to carry cargo and troops to the gulf region.
Aug. 18 Saudi Arabia serves notice that it will raise its oil production by two million barrels a day with or without the support of other members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. This would equal half the oil kept off the world market by the embargo.
Aug. 19 President Hussein says he will free foreigners being held hostage in Iraq and Kuwait in return for a complete military and political pullout by the United States from the gulf region.
Aug. 20 Iraq begins moving Americans and other non-Iraqis to industrial and military sites for use as human shields against attack. Mr. Bush, for the first time, says the people trapped in Iraq are hostages. He says America will not be intimidated.
Aug. 21 United States naval vessels that are shadowing two loaded Iraqi oil tankers, bound for Yemen, hold in abeyance a threat to halt the vessels forcibly after Yemen declares that it will not unload them.
Aug. 22 The United States announces that along with other countries, it is defying Iraqi orders to close its embassy in Kuwait by Aug. 24. Mr. Bush moves to put thousands of American reservists on active duty.
Aug. 23 Iraq warns the United States and other nations that if they try to keep their embassies open in Kuwait, the Iraqi Government will see that as ''an act of aggression.''
Aug. 24 President Mikhail S. Gorbachev of the Soviet Union warns Iraq that he is prepared to back further measures to tighten the embargo against its commerce. This is a long step forward in isolating Iraq.
Aug. 25 By a vote of 13 to 0, with 2 abstentions, the Security Council adopts a resolution that gives the United States and other nations the right to enforce the embargo by stopping vessels under way to or from Iraq.
Aug. 27 American officials say Iraq has reversed its orders to its merchant vessels and has told them not to offer resistance if United States or other naval forces, in carrying out the blockade, try to board the ships to inspect them.
Aug. 28 President Hussein announces that he will permit all foreign women and children to leave Iraq; he had earlier barred their departure. Mr. Bush obtains overwhelming support from over 170 members of Congress whom he briefs on the crisis.
Aug. 29 The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries authorizes its key oil producers immediately to start pumping all the petroleum they can. This forstalls a shortage, fears of which have made oil prices surge upward.
Aug. 30 Mr. Bush says he is requesting aid from other nations - including Saudi Arabia, West Germany and Japan - to help cover the enormous costs of economic sanctions and military operations in the gulf region.
Sept. 1 President Bush and President Mikhail S. Gorbachev of the Soviet Union announce that they will meet in Helsinki on Sept. 9, with the Middle East on the agenda. Iraq allows about 750 hostages to leave.
Photo: President Saddam Hussein of Iraq appearing on Iraqi television Aug. 23 with two British youngsters who had been held in Baghdad (Reuters) | <urn:uuid:1d4abf3f-fdfd-4063-98b5-f5d724099d7a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nytimes.com/1990/09/02/world/confrontation-in-the-gulf-a-month-of-crisis-in-the-persian-gulf.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00549-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931622 | 1,244 | 2.5625 | 3 |
April 26th-29th 2013 :: Theme: Minimalism
IMPORTANT NOTE: If you want to place in the final results, you NEED votes. The easiest way to get votes is by rating other games. Judging lasts for 3 weeks following the end of Ludum Dare. For best effect, rate 20 games as soon as possible. Rating more games is encouraged.
MORE TIPS AND DETAILS AT THE BOTTOM OF THIS PAGE
1951by Andrei Barsan - 48 Hour Compo Entry
1951 is a simple arcade/puzzle game. Your job is to stabilize the inside of the experimental nuclear reactor.
The gameplay is pretty simple, and I've aimed for a minimalist graphical style.
You do this by merging the particles floating around until their number drops to the target amount. The trick is to only merge particles with similar energy levels.
Merging particles with different energy levels yields instability. If the overall instability level climbs to high, the reactor blows up and you have to restart the level.
You can also double-click around to create pulses to nudge the particles, so that the ones you want to merge get closer to each other, within merging distance.
There are also particles which you can use to modify the main particles without destabilizing the system, which can lead to some puzzling situations.
There's also another type of interesting particle which you might or might not discover as you play through the game. But that is surprise for you, i not tell.
OK I lie. Iz potato.
The game is written in Java, using libgdx and a bit of my personal boilerplate code as a base. The IDE used is Eclipse, and I've mostly used Photoshop for the graphics. The source code is openly available on GitHub!
An Android version will be coming soon, as soon as a timelapse video of the game being created!
Feedback is, of course, always appreciated. ^_^
Best of luck to everyone taking part in Ludum Dare!
Downloads and Links
You must sign in to comment.
TEAMS: Teams entering the Jam should pick a single representative to submit your game, or create a team specific account you can share. We currently do not support Team Voting, but sharing an account and together playing and rating games is acceptable.
NOT LOGGED IN?: If you get a message about not being logged in, even though you are, it’s because your web browser cached the non-logged in page. You can fix this by either refreshing your cache or clearing your cache. CTRL+F5 in many browsers. Chrome is a bit more work. Press F12 to enable Developer Mode, then you can right click on the refresh button and select “Empty Cache and Hard Reload”. This option is unavailable if you are not in Developer Mode.
PORTS: Ports to other platforms can be done after the deadline. That said, the sooner you finish your port, the sooner people can play your game, improving your chances of placing in the final results. For best results, provide a Web version of your game, or a Windows version with no dependencies. Also be sure to rate about 20 games to improve your visibility.
MY GAME DOESN’T SHOW UP: If you can’t find your game, it’s usually because the URL to your downloads are missing ‘http://‘. Fix your URLs (http://mysite.com/mygame.zip) and you will show up.
MY GAME CRASHES, IS UNBEATABLE, OR I MADE A TYPO: We allow you to fix crash or win condition bugs after the deadline (in a sense, like “porting” to support more players). We also allow “typo” bugs. I.e. A true that should have been a false, a word that should have been a different word, very tiny changes that you would have caught if you had more sleep. We leave this open to interpretation, but generally speaking your game should be identical to the game you submitted. No new features, just things you messed up last minute. Typos. | <urn:uuid:aeec07f3-db7d-4e6f-bb91-9c891ae5b3e8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ludumdare.com/compo/ludum-dare-26/?action=preview&uid=4218 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00291-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91497 | 861 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Posted by Lotg (OZ) on July 06, 2004
In Reply to: Thanks guys & where you bin James? posted by Lotg (OZ) on July 06, 2004
: : : : : : When was it decided, why and by whom, that 'square' meant conservative? ie. Years ago if someone was square, they were maintstream, conservative, etc. And of course, then there's the saying, 'think outside the square', suggesting that if you want to do something different, break the mould, etc. you have to think outside a square.
: : : : : My 'The American Thesaurus of Slang', circa 1956, certainly gives the conservative version and likens it to 'trite' or 'corny'.
: : : : Welcome back, James. You were missed.
: : : Ditto. Welcome back!
: : : From the archives:
: : : SQUARE - "Colonists were calling city blocks laid out on the grid plan 'squares' by the 1790s ( the term is often associated with Philadelphia but did not originate there). By 1832 men used 'square' approvingly to refer to the natural, even gait of a good horse in such expressions as a 'square-gaited' horse or a 'square trotter.' By 1836 'square' meant full or complete, as a 'square meal,' though people didn't talk about 'three squares a day' until 1882. By the 1850s 'to square' meant to put a matter straight and later to pay a debt.
: : : As early as 1804, however, square had come to mean fair, honest, as in 'square fight,' with 'square talk' coming in 1860, 'square deal' appearing as a card player's term in the 1880s, and square shooter in 1920. However, it was Theodore Roosevelt who popularized the term 'square deal' in its generally sense. The term (square) was spread by bop and cool musicians in the late 1940s and early 50s, and then by beatniks and hippies, who used it pejoratively to refer to old-fashioned people and conformists." From "Listening to America" by Stuart Berg Flexner (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1982).
: : Nice to see you again...welcome back, missed ya!
: Thanks everyone, particularly ESC for that detailed explanation. And James, should I ask where ya bin, or is that top secret??? | <urn:uuid:131eccea-be5b-4b16-8e43-726661986f30> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.phrases.org.uk/bulletin_board/32/messages/1447.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00293-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967574 | 530 | 1.90625 | 2 |
On February 13, 1808, the Ohio government authorized the creation of Stark County. Residents named the county in honor of General John Stark, a hero of the American Revolution.
Stark County is located in northeastern Ohio. The county seat is Canton, which is the county’s largest population center, with 80,806 residents in 2000. The county experienced a 2.9 percent increase in population between 1990 and 2000, raising the number of residents to 378,098 people. An average of 656 people live in each of Stark County’s 576 square miles.
Stark County remains heavily rural, with urban areas comprising just five percent of the county’s land mass. With 1,300 farms existing in the county, many residents find employment in agriculture, but manufacturing establishments, sales positions, and service industries are the county’s largest employers. Stark County also has an active tourist industry, including the President William McKinley National Memorial, the First Ladies Museum, and the Pro Football Hall of Fame, among numerous other sites. The county’s average income was 25,214 dollars per person in 1999, with 10.5 percent of the population living in poverty.
Most voters in Stark County claim to be independents, yet in recent years, they have supported Republican Party candidates by slim margins at the national level.
The county also boasts numerous famous residents, including President of the United States William McKinley, First Lady Ida Saxton McKinley, and early industrialist Bezaleel Wells. | <urn:uuid:80e1163c-58e0-471f-877b-6d88641016f3> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Stark_County?rec=2015&nm=Stark-County | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719416.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00364-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934219 | 312 | 3.21875 | 3 |
OLIVE LEAF EXTRACT – WHAT WE HAVE DISCOVERED:
The ingestion of olive leaf extract alters the population of the microorganisms residing in the colon and restricts the growth of the tyramine-producing bacteria. Daily ingestion of olive leaf extract reduces the incidence of hypertensive crises in individuals with FD.
BACKGROUND AND DOSING INFORMATION:
The fact that what we eat impacts the organisms present in our digestive system is well-known. In an invited review that was published in the journal Pharmacological Research, Scott and coworkers (2013) recently described the influence of diet on the microorganisms inhabiting the gut (1). The article contains a great deal of very important and fascinating information, some of which is summarized below:
- The volume of the bacteria in the colon of an adult is approximately a quarter of a liter.
- The types of microorganisms residing in the gut are strongly influenced by a range of factors, including the foods consumed.
- Changes in the foods consumed can have a profound impact on the organisms residing in the colon.
- In individuals who are not taking stomach acid-reducing drugs, approximately 10% of the ingested protein makes it to the colon where it is degraded by the resident microorganisms. (From other sources: The use of acid-blocking drugs decreases the efficiency of the digestive process and increases the percentage of undigested protein that enters the colon.)
- The bacteria present in the colon convert the protein by-products into amines, such as tyramine.
- The ingestion of certain foods can prevent the establishment of various microorganisms, including pathogenic microorganisms.
To avoid the production of tyramine by the microorganisms present in the colon of those with FD, in 2010, the researchers working in the Laboratory for Familial Dysautonomia Research at Fordham University recommended that individuals with FD consume no more than the recommended daily allowance of protein. Control over the growth of pathogenic organisms in the colons’ of individuals with FD is made even more challenging by the use of acid-blocking medications that facilitate the growth of pathogenic organisms such as clostridium difficile (2, 3).
Since reporting the impact of bacteria present in the digestive tract on the onset of hypertensive crises in those with FD, physicians treating FD patients who were experiencing nausea in the mornings or ongoing hypertensive crises have prescribed antibiotics to inhibit the growth of these organisms. These treatments have been successful at reducing morning nausea and, in those experiencing them, reducing the number of crises. While the antibiotic administration works for a period of time, the problematic/pathogenic microorganisms (PM) eventually re-establish themselves in the colon and the course of antibiotics has to be repeated. Efforts have focused on the identification of a mechanism by which to control the establishment of the PM.
Ingested materials that can prevent the establishment of PMs in the colon are referred to as prebiotics. Prebiotics confer benefits upon the host’s health and well-being by causing specific changes in the populations of gastrointestinal microorganisms (4). Knowing the critical importance of reducing the presence of the tyramine-producing bacteria in the colon of those with FD, the Fordham researchers sought to identify a prebiotic that would reduce the likelihood of the establishment of tyramine-producing bacteria in the colon of these individuals. As the intestinal organisms belonging to the genus clostridium have been demonstrated to produce tyramine (5) and, as the establishment of these organisms in the colon is enhanced by the use of acid-blocking medications (2, 3), the research has focused on the identification of prebiotics that restrict the growth of clostridium.
In 2006, Medina and coworkers demonstrated that olive oil, which contains phenolic compounds, has a strong antibacterial effect against clostridium (6). In a paper entitled “Effect of Olive Leaf Extracts on the Growth and Metabolism of Two Probiotic Bacteria of Intestinal Origin”, the authors state that “olive leaf extracts may well have a beneficial role in promoting probiotic bacteria and inhibiting harmful bacteria such as clostridium”(7). Based on these reports and the anecdotal observations that those with FD who consumed large amounts of olive oil had fewer crises, the Fordham research team studied the impact of olive leaf extract ingestion on the number of hypertensive crises experienced by those with FD. A clear corresponding decrease in the incidence of crises was observed in those ingesting olive leaf extract.
Based on these observations, the Fordham researchers recommended the inclusion of olive leaf extract in the diet of those with FD and specifically suggested the Olive Leaf Extract produced by ProHealth. The recommended dosing is one capsule of this olive leaf extract in the morning and one in the evening.
Please note: Before making any change to your child’s diet, you should discuss this matter with her/his treating physician.
1. Scott KP, Gratz SW, Sheridan PO, Flint HJ, Duncan SH. The influence of diet on the gut microbiota. Pharmacol Res. 2013; 69(1):52-60.
2. Kwok CS, Arthur AK, Anibueze CI, Singh S, Cavallazzi R, Loke YK. Risk of Clostridium difficile infection with acid suppressing drugs and antibiotics: meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012; 107(7):1011-9.
3. Janarthanan S, Ditah I, Adler DG, Ehrinpreis MN. Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and proton pump inhibitor therapy: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012; 107(7):1001-10.
4. Roberfroid M, Gibson GR, Hoyles L, McCartney AL, Rastall R, Rowland I, Wolvers D, Watzl B, Szajewska H, Stahl B, Guarner F, Respondek F, Whelan K, Coxam V,Davicco MJ, Léotoing L, Wittrant Y, Delzenne NM, Cani PD, Neyrinck AM, Meheust A. Prebiotic effects: metabolic and health benefits. Br J Nutr. 2010; 104 Suppl2:S1-63.
5. Karlsson S, Banhidi ZG, Albertsson AC. Detection by high-performance liquid chromatography of polyamines formed by clostridial putrefaction of caseins. J Chromatogr. 1988; 442:267-77.
6. Medina E, de Castro A, Romero C, Brenes M. Comparison of the concentrations of phenolic compounds in olive oils and other plant oils: correlation with antimicrobial activity. J Agric Food Chem. 2006; 54(14):4954-61.
7. Haddadin MS. Effect of olive leaf extracts on the growth and metabolism of two probiotic bacteria of intestinal origin. Pakistan J Nutr. 2010; 9(8):787-793. | <urn:uuid:6636ceb2-bc4a-47e5-bb6e-c124379bfbbe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fdnow.org/olive-leaf/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.90234 | 1,470 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Ralf Gebhardt of SkySQL.
Cluster: shared nothing architecture (no single point of failure), synchronous replication between nodes, ACID transactions, row level locking. In-memory storage (some data can be stored on disk, but indexes must be in-memory). Checkpointing to disk for durability. It supports two types of indexes – ordered T-trees, unique hash indexes. Online operations like adding node groups, software upgrades, table alterations. Quick standard architecture diagram displayed about MySQL Cluster.
Network partitioning protocol is designed to avoid a split brain scenario. Is there at least one node from each node group? If not then this part cannot continue – graceful shutdown. Are all nodes present from any node group? If so, then this is the only viable cluster – continue to operate. Ask the arbitrator – the arbitrator which parts will continue if no arbitrator …[Read more] | <urn:uuid:dba4b7c4-f04f-473f-8fbf-7908cbe88a34> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://planet.mysql.com/?tag_search=12447 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.828549 | 186 | 2.15625 | 2 |
This project was funded by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT), Transportation Planning Analysis Unit.
Automobiles, Automotive fuel consumption, Internal combustion engines, Electric vehicles, Traffic congestion
This report describes analysis undertaken to establish a method for incorporating traffic operations and ITS strategies into the GreenSTEP model. We first discuss operations impacts on fuel economy and delay from the literature. Then, an investigation of delay adjustments in GreenSTEP shows that different methods of representing delay changes lead to similar (and small) impacts on fuel economy. From this result we establish average speed adjustment by congestion level as the preferred method for incorporating delay effects from operations improvements. An investigation of aggregate traffic operations impacts produces estimates of base speeds without operations improvements, maximum speeds with full operational improvements, and existing deployments by city size for each congestion level. These estimates are made for ramp metering, incident management, traffic signal coordination, and access management strategies. Additionally, a comparison of constant-speed and drive schedule-based fuel-speed curves generates estimates of potential fuel benefits from eco-driving and speed-smoothing traffic management strategies. Results show that the cumulative impact of delay-based operations strategies on fuel economy is small, though speed-smoothing effects can be large. The operations impacts estimates are used to provide guidance for estimates of operations efficacy in delay reductions and speed smoothing for the GreenSTEP model. The proposed implementation strategy includes an efficacy estimates tool for the net effects of operations strategies, and identifies locations in the model where those effects can be included. Traffic operations impacts on travel demand are separately applied as travel demand management inputs to the existing GreenSTEP model.
Clifton, Kelly and Bigazzi, Alexander Y., "Refining GreenSTEP: Impacts of Vehicle Technologies and ITS/Operational Improvements on Travel Speed and Fuel Consumption Curves" (2011). Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations. 342. | <urn:uuid:11fdbb20-49c1-4568-b480-bc4a889e1bac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cengin_fac/342/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.891234 | 447 | 2.25 | 2 |
Everybody wants to have a beautiful lawn filled with equally beautiful flowers and a nice stony path in the middle. However, any homeowner with a lawn will tell you how much hard work that can be.
And they are right; it does require hard work, regular maintenance, and proper care to achieve that beautiful lawn. If this scares you off a little, then you should know that nothing comes easy with hard work.
That being said, we’re here to help you achieve your picture-perfect lawn with these 6 super easy steps. All you have to do is follow them and be awed by the results after.
Ready? Let’s get right to it!
1. Regular Maintenance
Wanting to have a beautiful lawn requires you to take care of it. That means regular maintenance. The most important thing about maintaining your lawn is to regularly cut the grass.
Irregular maintenance can cause the grass to thicken. Whenever you’re cutting your grass, make sure to switch the direction of your lawn mower each time. It’s also best not to cut your grass all in one go.
Even if you have the best self-propelled lawn mower available, it’s best to take your time and cut your lawn with proper love and care. What you must remember when you’re cutting is to only shorten the stem by half to 5 centimeters.
However, during the summer, you can leave your grass a little longer. This will help them to resist drought better.
2. Fertilizing and Recycling
As with any kind of plant life, be it flowers or other plants, they need fertilizing. When you’re cutting the grass from your lawn, you’re also removing the nutrients that they store.
These nutrients need to be restored back to make your grass reach their maximum growth. The grass clippings that you normally throw out after mowing your lawn you can recycle to give your grass a boost, alongside the fertilizers. Just leave your grass clippings on the lawn.
Those grass clippings decompose and return the nutrients back to the soil. They also help to retain water, improve soil texture, save your time, reduce waste, and reduce using other fertilizers.
Regular mulching can also help prevent weeds from growing. So, not only are you doing your lawn a huge favor, but you’re also helping the planet be more green by recycling.
3. Watering Benefits
Having a beautiful and lush lawn during the summer is only achievable by watering it properly. Of course, how often you need to water your lawn depends on the temperature and humidity.
There are signs when your grass needs water; the older leaf blades will begin to wilt or curl up and get a blue-gray tint on them. For those who have planted a new lawn, you’ll need to water once a day.
This will help the seeds to germinate and form a good, solid root right from the beginning. That being said, nowadays, there are many easy ways to keep your lawn properly watered, which require little to no effort on your part.
You can choose to water your lawn by hand or use automated sprinklers. They can be controlled through your smartphone or a computer. You can choose the timing, and that’s it! Watering done!
4. Tackling the Weeds
Weeds can grow and kill your garden if they are not tackled properly and on time. The key to keeping them at bay is to be persistent with the right technique.
You can remove weeds both manually and by using mechanical means as well. Small weeds, such as white clover or veronicas, can be removed by using a scarifier. Daisies and dandelions can be used removing by using a root weeder.
Just remember to get as much as you can. This way, you can prevent their regrowth. You can also use herbicides if all else fails. If your lawn has been taken over by weeds, then it’s best to start from scratch.
In this case, restructuring the entire soil and covering it with rolled turf is the best possible solution for you. Just remember that the key to tackling weeds is to remove them the moment you see any growth.
5. Aerate Your Lawn
In simple terms, this is a method of giving your lawn room to breathe. To achieve this you have to punch holes all throughout the lawn. They need to be 3 inches deep. This will help your grass to have a proper medium to grow in, with the help of loose soil and proper air circulation.
Your grass will also make good use of the water and produce more nutrients.
Aerification can also help microorganisms to grow in your soil. They will help to break down thatch and prevent it from building up as well.
If you don’t want to do this manually, or you don’t feel confident to do it yourself, you can rent an aerating machine or buy a handheld aerating tool.
It depends on the size of your lawn, as small to medium ones can be aerated by using handheld tools. Just remember to aerate your lawn once a year.
6. Compost Using Kitchen Waste
Another great way you can keep your lawn healthy and green is by using the waste from your kitchen to spread compost on your lawn. The best part is that you are also reducing waste and helping your grass grow more beautiful and healthy.
Composting can help improve water drainage in sandy and clay-like soils. They slowly release nutrients that promote growth from the roots. It also reduces problems with pests and soil-borne plant diseases.
By composting, you’re balancing the pH level of your soil, preventing erosion, and attracting like worms and other organisms that help benefit your soil.
It feels rewarding when you compost because you know you’re taking proper care of your lawn, and it starts to show. It’s very easy to do as well. So, help reduce waste and nurture your garden to grow beautifully and healthy.
Having a beautiful lawn takes work and proper care. If you truly want to give your garden a chance to grow properly and beautifully, you can try our tips and see the results for yourself!
Also, if you are looking for a cost-effective lawn mower, you should check the inexpensive lawn mower guide.
Once you achieve your desired lawn, not only will you get compliments from your neighbors, but you’ll also be providing a green and clean living area for your family. | <urn:uuid:5bd5e369-4c4b-4595-aa01-cb4de72ecf1c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nerdynaut.com/6-super-easy-ways-to-get-a-beautiful-lawn | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.950886 | 1,371 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Natural Resource Management (NRM) is the management of all activities that use, develop and/or conserve our air, water, land, plants, animals and micro-organisms and the systems they form.
Under the Tasmanian NRM Framework and Act 2002, the State Government facilitated the establishment of Regional NRM Committees for each of the three regions in the State. In the Cradle Coast region the Regional Committee is hosted by the Cradle Coast Authority. The Regional Committees link local and State NRM activities and provide for integration and coordination within their regions. Regional Committees are responsible for:
- Identifying NRM priorities
- Preparing Regional NRM Strategies
- Promoting NRM principles
- Supporting the integration of NRM and planning activities
- Monitoring and evaluating the implementation of the regional strategy
- Ensuring there is appropriate education and training in NRM.
The Cradle Coast NRM Committee comprises 15 members representing conservation, community, public land managers, the indigenous community, State and local Government and industry.
For further information on the Cradle Coast Regional NRM Committee and Priority Projects currently running in the region go to: www.cradlecoast.com -This site also provides further links to other regions in Tasmania and to NRM on a national basis.
Last Updated on 27 August 2021 | <urn:uuid:2134493b-1ab9-46ca-bd4c-735106e34452> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kingislandlandcare.org.au/regional-nrm/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.908159 | 272 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Jul 20, 2020 · Download Speed and Latency Test Whether Charter Spectrum is your internet provider or you use a different provider, the speed test below can show key statistics about your internet connection. Note: This speed test can be used to test any internet provider, not just Spectrum.
Test your Internet Connection Speed in all locations around the world with this Charter Speed Tests Tool. This is the best Tool for Spectrum internet speed test, Charter Spectrum speed test, Spectrum internet test, check internet speed charter, Charter Speed Test, charter download speed test, charter speed test result and many other. Sep 27, 2018 · The Charter Speed Test in its full form is known as the Charter Communications Nationwide Speed Test, which is essentially an internet speed test whose services are given by Charter, which is a renowned ISP in the United States. Charter tells me "up to 5 megs" yet 2814 kbps ain't even close to 5 megs if you do the math (1,048,576). They say even if I got 1 meg, thats still within their contractual aggrement. Find 26 listings related to Charter Internet Speed Test in Asheville on YP.com. See reviews, photos, directions, phone numbers and more for Charter Internet Speed Test locations in Asheville, NC. Download speed is most relevant for people who are consuming content on the Internet, and we want FAST.com to be a very simple and fast speed test. What about ping, latency, upload and other things? When you click the “Show more info” button, you can see your upload speed and connection latency (ping).
Find out your internet download and upload speed in mbps per second with our internet speed test! Get lightning fast internet speeds starting at 100 mbps with Spectrum.
One of the most common mistakes when running a Charter Cable Speed Test is to run the test over WiFi – this is not a true measure of your Internet speed! Do you pay for Charter Cable Gigabit Fiber? It’s entirely possible the reason your Charter Cable Internet is slow is because your WiFi hardware can’t actually support the high speeds of Charter Cable. The Spectrum speed test also produced results in this range, and we were impressed with the general reliability and consistency. Getting down to the specifics, the Spectrum speed test took an average of 5.3 seconds to load and 35.5 seconds to run, which are typical times compared to most competitors. Charter Internet & Charter Speed Test Charter Internet is one of the fastest Internet providers in the United States with a starting speed of 100 Mbps. Internet speed may vary in different areas, so you can perform a charter speed test to compare the exact speed with your assigned internet package. The speed depends on the package you chose. Simply click on the START button displayed on the screen and wait for a while. The Internet Speed Test Meter will start calculating your upload speed, download speed, Ping Speed, Jitter Speed, Latency Speed, WiFi Speed. A graphical report further will be generated depending upon your download and upload speed measured in Mbps or Kbps.
Download speed is most relevant for people who are consuming content on the Internet, and we want FAST.com to be a very simple and fast speed test. What about ping, latency, upload and other things? When you click the “Show more info” button, you can see your upload speed and connection latency (ping).
ustawienie anten Gliwice Nasze Pogotowie serwis anten tv-sat TvSatSerwis.net gwarantuje usługi związane z serwisem anten tv-sat a dokładnie z montażem anten satelitarnych, w tym NC+, Cyfrowy Polsat oraz Orange. SpeedOf.Me is a broadband speed test that allows you to easily measure your actual Internet speed on all your devices like desktop, mobile, tablet, game console, smart TV, etc. I had the Charter techs on the phone a couple of times and they confirmed I do have the 30 mbps service. One tech had me reboot in safe mode with networking and do a speed test and it was 52 mbps over the directly connected desk top! I still can't get over 11 running under normal conditions. SpeedSmart.net is an HTML5 Internet speed test. Test your Internet connection bandwidth in seconds to locations all around the world with this broadband speed test to see how fast your home or mobile internet connection really is across every device. Charter Speed Test Charter Communication overcome the financial problems it encountered in the past and now it serves 6.8 million customers in 29 states. It has about 21000 employees. | <urn:uuid:bba4e9a9-de54-41b7-aac7-b9989cef1c8c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://avpndbsd.web.app/pignataro74967vu/charter-speed-tes-823.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.879283 | 960 | 1.804688 | 2 |
Interest in traditional skills and crafts among young people worldwide is declining.
What do you think are the causes of this development and what measures could be taken to solve it
Most older people have seen life change dramatically compared to the younger generation, with some things emerging and others such as traditional skills and crafts declining. A number of causes have contributed to this latter situation, but it can be addressed by various steps.
The main cause, perhaps, is the rapid pace of development in modern life brought about by globalization. The world is now more connected than before, so new ideas and ways of doing things are spreading around the world rapidly. For example, while in the past basic materials like furniture and other household utensils were made by hand and the skills passed down from generation to generation, now these items like many others are mass-produced by machines in one or two locations and shipped around the world.
Another factor is that young people are required to learn new skills mainly revolving around technology and so older traditional skills lose their value. Hense, young people have no interest, as there is less need to learn these skills.
To help maintain the interest in traditional crafts and skills, the answer lies in focusing on the problem at school level. Like languages, if the skills are not used, they will decline and disappear. So, if children are taught crafts like making traditional items such as carpets and furniture by hand, there is a chance interest in these will survive.
Great value is often attached to items such as clothing, carpets and furniture that are hand-made. Therefore, with careful marketing and advertising coupled with apprenticeships and targeted funding, attention can be drawn to traditional skills and crafts and in many cases revived.
In conclusion, with care and attention there is no reason why traditional crafts and skills within all culture should not survive, and indeed thrive. | <urn:uuid:c352106c-dc61-40db-84d0-26dff7aef663> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ieltsdaily.ir/essay-sample-96/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00084-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976988 | 376 | 3.03125 | 3 |
WELCOME TO QMER
A Community for Data & Research
QUANTITATIVE METHODS IN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
Welcome to QMER, the Quantitative Methods in Educational Research Working Group. QMER is a student learning community to support and extend quantitative educational research. All are welcome to attend.
QMER provides software, statistics, and methodological help in a friendly and open format. We use a hands-on approach to learning with one-on-one support and a unique curriculum.
Learn how to research by...doing research.
QMERs Research Labs work on collective papers on educational equity across Alabama. Join our research teams to contribute to this collective, open source research. Build your skills and your CV. | <urn:uuid:a82f7d89-f480-49ca-9ab2-5ae4a8f76df4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://amp0129.wixsite.com/qmer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.853729 | 152 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Updated on July 20, 2022
Every lead doesn’t have the same intent. This is well known in the Sales world, and this is exactly why the Sales job requires constant evaluation of the buyer’s potential.
Lead scoring is a very important subject among Sales Reps but on the other hand a very complex methodology, unique to every company and sales team.
What is Lead Scoring in short?
“Lead scoring is a popular methodology used by marketing and sales teams to determine how likely their leads are to buy. It is a process where you assign a score (often 1-100) to your leads. The lead score tells you your leads’ buying intention. The higher the score, the more likely they’ll buy.” – defines Outfunnel.
But, what are the attributes we need to measure? What is the correct estimation? And how do we rank the conversion possibility?
In this article, we are going to go over just the basics of lead scoring and the methodologies you should use. But, we are going to cover one new Lead Scoring strategy, that has proven to be the best analytic approach based on the B2B data you have on your leads.
1. Lead Scoring on Individual Prospect Data
How many data points do you have per lead? Every data point can be your component of the lead scoring equation.
Let say you find basic attributes about a lead on LinkedIn. You find his/her name, surname, job title, and education. You can sort them by the most relevant attribute that will lead to the lead scoring result.
Are name and surname the most relevant sales signals? Of course not!
But having them in your base can help you guess or find their email address and make the path easier for you. You can always use Email Verification Tools to check your guess or even find the exact email you need.
What would be most important here is the job title of the lead. By the job title, you can decide their buying power and give it a scoring number based on the hierarchy. The more attributes you have the better your scoring result will be.
Having specific information like the country and region that particular lead works in, the company they work in, their company size, and founding year will give you an extra signal for the final score of the lead.
One very important data point here would be the exact city or region the lead works in. For large corporates, you might not be sure if a lead is interested in your service when working from across the ocean, but a regional manager near you working for the same company might just be the perfect warm lead.
Information segments like these are very important in the lead scoring process and you may find them easily with sales enablement tools and data providers like Sales.Rocks.
2. Lead Scoring on Technographics
In the era of technological evolution, every company works with a different set of tools, paying some amount of money to automate their work and their daily processes. This information is valuable when well used.
Having information on exactly which technologies a company uses and the amount of money they spend on it will give you a head start in lead scoring. Why?
It’s because you can determine the readiness of a lead to spending on your service, especially if you are a B2B company. This can also help with determining if a lead is within your target market by detecting the types of technologies they use.
If a lead spends let’s say 100-200 euros per month on tools and services in total, these leads are not ready to become steady clients just yet. So offering them a free trial or demo, or a free monthly account can help you nurture them to paid clients. But, on the score scale, these would be leads with a lower number.
On the other hand, companies that tend to spend in the range of 2K to 5K euros on technology per month, are companies that already have established processes and are more ready to invest in a new solution.
These are only the basic aspects you can pay attention to when using technologies for lead scoring.
Lead scoring example by technographics
Let’s say you sell a Plugin for WordPress CMS. You can first check in your lead list for companies that use any CMS. Give:
- 20 points on these that use only WordPress
- 0 points on the ones that don’t use ANY CMS
- -20 points to those that use other CMS, as these are not companies that can benefit from your product
Depending on your pricing ranges check for the monthly spending on technology by company. Divide the list and give:
- 10 points on these that are spending 100-250 euros per month
- 20 points on these that are spending 250-500 euro per month
- 30 points on these that are spending 500-1000 euro per month
Based on the simple math we can score leads up to 50 points, which can be a good base to go with for further scoring.
3. Lead Scoring on Company Data
What is the size, industry, and revenue of your target market? This information will serve you as potential sales signals for a certain lead.
If you have this information you have a better chance at setting up a good lead scoring technique.
The basic and advanced data points you could use for giving a lead a certain score would be:
- location (including city and specific region)
- industry ( having specific information on industry codes like NACE will give you exact insight )
- company size ( both employee size and revenue are very important signals )
- company status ( pay attention to the founding year )
- web technologies used ( what we’ve mentioned in the technographics section)
What will these company attributes tell you about your leads?
Let’s do a simple Lead scoring based on this data:
We would choose a company from the recruitment industry. To be more specific for a company that is working with temporary employment of assets, we can choose a NACE code for it. Once we have a possible lead list we can narrow down the target by taking into consideration even more data points that we’ve mentioned earlier.
We can say that the small to medium size companies are the best fit for our service, and filter them by the employee range and the revenue they work with.
The small-size companies will get the larger score number.
After narrowing down this list you can go even further with the technographics and their monthly spendings. Give these ones the largest number and you already have your scored lead list.
This depends, of course, on the company and its target audience. Every company would give a better score to a different data attribute.
Lead scoring methods
Manual lead scoring
This method is basically what we did in the previous example. You can combine multiple attributes and give the leads a number according to the relevancy of the data.
Take into consideration that this method is manually done, as its name says, and it will take you a lot of time if you have a large lead list.
We suggest you use this method only on highly targeted lead lists and containing a smaller number of leads.
Logistic regression scoring
This method is a combination of manual work and simple tools to automate it. You can create a Sheet for example and manually put in attributes and scoring numbers accordingly.
Then, by using formulas, the Sheet will calculate the lead score and give you constant information on the lead score even for newly added leads to the list.
This method will most definitely simplify your scoring process and can give you enough data to work with.
Lead scoring software
We all want to avoid manual work, and this is when lead scoring tools enter the game.
There are many lead scoring tools such as Hubspot or Salesforce, Sales.Rocks as well industry-specific solutions like Digistorm targeting the education market that will do the lead scoring based on data for you.
These types of software use machine learning to predict the lead score. They can calculate what different leads have in common based on the data you’ve added and which leads are more likely or unlikely to convert based on previous deal closing and evaluation.
You can adjust this information and the AI behind it will get better over time, which can give you the best results in your sales cycle.
Where to find the data for lead scoring?
To conduct successful lead scoring you’ll need to have good leads and good data. And this is undeniable. Outdated lead information can mislead your predictions and even mislead the AI on your lead scoring tool. You may end up spending time on a “highly scored” lead, that is not even working for an operating company, or changed their job, or job position in the meantime.
Choose a good data provider for your leads and make sure there is constant flow of new information in your Sales software. | <urn:uuid:3b415e29-3751-4af2-a25c-724b1f8b99fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sales.rocks/blog/lead-scoring-based-on-data-how-to/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.954219 | 1,834 | 1.789063 | 2 |
(1560 kHz) is a Radio Disney
to New York City
. Its transmitter is located in Maspeth, Queens
. WQEW has a transmitter power of 50,000 watts and is listed as a Clear-channel station
. On some nights, WQEW can be picked up loud and clear as far West as Cleveland, Ohio
, where it out performs WWMK
AM 1260 in its distance areas, and as far North as Ottawa, Canada
WQEW began its life as W2XR
, an experimental television station, owned by inventor John V. L. Hogan
, operating at 2100 kHz
, which went on the air on March 26, 1929. In 1933, the Federal Communications Commission
added three "high-fidelity" channels to the radio dial, which at that time ended at 1500 kHz. Hogan received a license for one of these channels, 1550 kHz, and W2XR began to broadcast classical music
recordings in addition to mechanical television
; a year later, the television broadcasts ceased and W2XR became a radio station exclusively.
In 1936, Hogan and Elliott Sanger
formed the Interstate Broadcasting Company, with the intention of turning W2XR into a commercial station. On December 3, 1936, W2XR became WQXR
—the cursive form of the letter "Q"
mimicks the number "2"
. An FM service, W2XQR
, was added in 1939. The North American Radio Broadcasting Agreement
of 1941 formally extended the AM band
to 1600 kHz, ending the "high-fidelity"... Read More | <urn:uuid:6bee819e-0d06-47fc-9674-7c60e2c576bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://pages.rediff.com/wqew/826181 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.972978 | 353 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Château de la Tour-de-Peilz
Built in the 13th century on the banks of Lake Geneva, this castle is a listed monument and houses the Swiss Games Museum. It provides two communicating rooms in neoclassical style and a lakeside garden for banquets, aperitifs, conferences and seminars.
|Nom de la salle|
|Salle A&B ||env. 130||3.2||90||100| | <urn:uuid:6aeb00e0-d728-413c-b021-d79863538f89> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.lausanne-tourisme.ch/en/meetings/lieux-evenementiels/chateau-de-la-tour-de-peilz.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00432-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.740486 | 99 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Have you ever fantasized about reclining poolside by a young, pouty Mick Jagger while Brian Jones does a handstand and Keith Richards stares longingly into your eyes? Well, it happened, and a new exhibition has the photos to prove it.
"Found" is composed of 23 never-before-shown photographs of the Rolling Stones on their first American tour. The collection of candids shot by an unknown photographer in 1965 were recently found in an unmarked box at a Southern California estate sale. Mick Jagger, Brian Jones, Keith Richards, Charlie Watts, Bill Wyman and founding member/road manager, Ian Stewart, are seen kidding around Savannah, Georgia and Clearwater, Florida. Mind you, this was before their megastardom took hold, so we are seeing a young band on the cusp of eternal fame.
From the collection of photos, the Stones look more like wayward twentysomethings on summer vacation then rockstars on tour. Beer cans, cigarettes and retro shades capture the innocence of those lazy sun-drenched days, when no one knew just how much the shaggy-haired British boys' lives were about to change. Whether you are a die-hard Stones fan or just getting a little nostalgic about summer's passing, we bet these photos will make your heart hurt in a good way.
"Found: Photographs of the Rolling Stones" will show at Dilettante in Los Angeles from October 2 until October 26, 2012.
CORRECTION: A previous version of this article incorrectly dated the British Invasion to after 1965. That reference has been removed.
Also on HuffPost:
More:The Rolling Stones Photography Young Keith Richards Rolling Stones Photographs Young Rolling Stones
Every Friday, HuffPost's Culture Shift newsletter helps you figure out which books you should read, art you should check out, movies you should watch and music should listen to. Learn more | <urn:uuid:2010c7b8-aeeb-419c-81d6-4b32a63b7ec1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/09/25/found-features-recently-d_n_1910879.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00204-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922002 | 389 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Supply Chain Act - what you need to watch out for in the future!
From 01 January 2023, the Due Diligence Act, also known as the Supply Chain Act, will apply to companies with more than 3,000 employees, and from 2024 to companies with more than 1,000 employees. It obliges German companies to check and demand compliance with minimum social and ecological standards from direct suppliers.
With the new Supply Chain Act, companies are required to ensure that human rights and working conditions are respected in global value and supply chains, especially in low-wage countries, and to limit the negative impacts of environmentally damaging production.
Find out more in our latest white paper:
What does the Supply Chain Act mean in concrete terms - current status and information Implications for your risk management and future supplier relations How you can prepare and take the right measures in good time. | <urn:uuid:b962aa50-72ff-4a7d-8755-af31bb94f7af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.synertrade.com/en/white-paper/supply-chain-act-what-you-need-watch-out-future/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.952814 | 178 | 1.75 | 2 |
- 1 of 1 Photos | View More Photos
KHIRBET AL-MEITEH, West Bank (AP) -- The Israeli military on Wednesday ordered dozens of Palestinian Bedouins to leave their communities so it could conduct military exercises in a remote area of the West Bank.
The military said the order was temporary, and that the Palestinians were living illegally in closed military zones. The Bedouins say they have lived in the area for decades. While the army has issued temporary evacuation orders in the past, Bedouins say they have increased in frequency, and they charge the practice is meant to pressure them to leave their homes.
Israel has used largely empty areas of the West Bank for military bases, firing ranges and maneuvers since shortly after it captured the territory in 1967, marking off large areas for exclusive use of the military and bringing frequent complaints from Palestinians. The Palestinians claim all of the West Bank as a key part of a future state.
After receiving the latest evacuation order, one family dismantled its tents, and loaded sheep and small children onto a trailer in the community of Khirbet al-Meiteh alongside thin mattresses, pillows and blankets. "We will sleep here tonight, in this trailer," said Walid Zawahiri, 57. "There's nowhere else to go."
He and other residents said they had to leave their youngest sheep behind because they had nowhere warm to keep them. They feared that they would be eaten by wild animals or shot during military training. The communities rely on herding animals to survive.
Zawhiri said it was the fourth time he had been ordered to relocate in a year. Nearby, soldiers arrived in military vehicles, setting up dummies for target practice.
The evictions occurred in the Jordan Valley, a section of the West Bank along the border with Jordan. Although Palestinians have a measure of self-rule in other parts of the West Bank, Israel retrains overall military and administrative control over most of the Jordan Valley.
The area, mostly desert, is home to 60,000 Palestinians, the United Nations estimates. Some 8,000 are Bedouins, a culturally distinct community that once roved between winter and summer grazing sites with its livestock. Now they are mostly tethered to one area, and rely on sheep herding and manual labor to get by. They tend to live on the poor margins of Palestinian society.
The Jordan Valley is among the 60 percent of the West Bank that remains under full Israeli control, nearly two decades after interim peace accords granted the Palestinians autonomy elsewhere in the territory. The Israeli-controlled section includes military bases, nature reserves and Jewish settlements.
In a separate incident Wednesday, dozens of Israeli settlers tried to block access to a strip of land that Palestinians sought to cultivate near the northern West Bank village of Jaloud. The Palestinians obtained a court order allowing them enter their lands after Israeli settlers in the past tried to claim the land as their own, said lawyer Qamar Mashriqi.
The military said soldiers dispersed the crowd.
The settlers of the Esh Kodesh outpost rolled flaming tires at Palestinian-owned tractors before the soldiers intervened. | <urn:uuid:ad6d61b6-566a-47ea-818a-b188373880af> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.the-review.com/latest%20headlines/2013/01/02/israel-orders-bedouins-to-leave-west-bank-area | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721141.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00417-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965753 | 646 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Beaird Dermatology is your premier center for medical and cosmetic dermatology services. Located in Illinois and led by board-certified dermatologist, Dr. Leslie Beaird, the experts at Beaird Dermatology are proud to offer cutting-edge dermatologic treatments, including laser treatments, for men and women in Hoffman Estates, Barrington, Arlington, Elk Grove, Chicago, and the surrounding areas of Illinois.
Have you spent a lot of time in the sun? Are you worried about a suspicious mole?
Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States, but if diagnosed early, it’s also one of the most treatable.
Our goal at Beaird Dermatology is to promote yearly skin examinations for the health and wellbeing of the community. Don’t put off a professional skin examination with our expert care team at Beaird Dermatology, located in Hoffman Estates, Illinois.
What Happens During a Full-Body Skin Examination?
During your complete skin exam, your dermatologist examines all surfaces of your skin, including your scalp and nails. Our expert providers take special care with areas that are regularly exposed to the sun, but also pay attention to any hidden areas as skin cancer can present in unexpected places.
How can I Prevent Skin Cancer?
• Avoid Harmful UV rays by covering up when you’re outdoors.
• Seek shade during peak sun hours between 10AM & 4PM.
• Use sunscreen daily (SPF 15 or higher).
• Avoid tanning booths.
• Self-skin checks for changing or new moles. Physician visits for professional opinion.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends a yearly full-body skin exam by a licensed dermatologist.
What is Skin Cancer
Skin cancer is the growth of abnormal, or malignant, skin cells. There are three types of skin cancer:
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Basal Cell Carcinoma
Skin cancer can take any of these forms, but the most dangerous is melanoma, a fast-growing skin cancer that can be deadly.
How is Skin Cancer Diagnosed?
Your dermatologist pays attention to any suspicious areas using the “ABCDE” criteria to identify irregularities that might signal melanoma.
- Border (uneven or irregular)
- Color (multiple or uneven)
- Diameter (large in size)
- Evolving (growing or changing)
How is Skin Cancer Treated?
Your provider will biopsy any suspicious areas using local anesthetic to painlessly remove a small tissue sample for analysis. We then send the biopsy to a dermatopathologist. We call you with the biopsy results in 1-2 weeks.
If skin cancer is diagnosed early, a simple surgery to remove the affected cells may be enough. Depending on the severity of the skin cancer, a topical cream may be used for treatment.
In sensitive areas such as the face and hands, MOHS surgery may be necessary.
Beaird Dermatology provides men and women of Illinois with advanced cosmetic and medical dermatology services. Located in the Hoffman Estates, the medical professionals at Beaird Dermatology are proud to serve residents of Hoffman Estates, Barrington, Arlington and Elk Grove, and the neighboring communities of Chicago, Illinois. Contact us to schedule your consultation today. | <urn:uuid:c84baa55-917d-4d0f-88a3-cd6f39fbff9a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.beairddermatology.com/skin-cancer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.916471 | 701 | 1.59375 | 2 |
24 Tell Shemaiah the Nehelamite, 25 “This is what the Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, says: You sent letters in your own name to all the people in Jerusalem, to the priest Zephaniah son of Maaseiah, and to all the other priests. You said to Zephaniah, 26 ‘The Lord has appointed you priest in place of Jehoiada to be in charge of the house of the Lord; you should put any maniac who acts like a prophet into the stocks and neck-irons. 27 So why have you not reprimanded Jeremiah from Anathoth, who poses as a prophet among you? 28 He has sent this message to us in Babylon: It will be a long time. Therefore build houses and settle down; plant gardens and eat what they produce.’”
29 Zephaniah the priest, however, read the letter to Jeremiah the prophet. 30 Then the word of the Lord came to Jeremiah: 31 “Send this message to all the exiles: ‘This is what the Lord says about Shemaiah the Nehelamite: Because Shemaiah has prophesied to you, even though I did not send him, and has persuaded you to trust in lies, 32 this is what the Lord says: I will surely punish Shemaiah the Nehelamite and his descendants. He will have no one left among this people, nor will he see the good things I will do for my people, declares the Lord, because he has preached rebellion against me.’”
(Jeremiah 29:24-32 NIV)
In the previous post, we saw the Lord deal with two exiled false prophets in Babylon. The Lord’s charges against them were adultery and prophesying lies to the exiles. Because the false prophets also committed rebellion against Nebuchadnezzar and Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar had them burned alive.
In today’s passage, we catch a glimpse of the ongoing correspondence between Jerusalem and Babylon. Jeremiah’s letter has reached Babylon, and Shemaiah, one of the exiled prophets in Babylon has responded.
Shemaiah wrote to three groups in response to Jeremiah’s message:
- The remaining people of Jerusalem
- Zephaniah the priest
- All the other priests in Jerusalem
Shemaiah calls out Zephaniah the priest for not dealing with Jeremiah. Zephaniah was the priest in charge of the Temple in Jerusalem; he had the authority to address all issues, including disciplinary actions against priests and prophets.
Shemaiah calls Jeremiah a “maniac”, a madman if you will, and a false prophet. And what are the basis of Shemaiah’s charges? Jeremiah’s claim that it would be a long time (seventy years) before the exiles would be released to return to Jerusalem (vs. the two years all the false prophets were saying). And what was Shemaiah’s recommendation for Jeremiah’s punishment? Public humiliation again via stocks and neck irons.
What was Zephaniah’s response? Instead of carrying out Shemaiah’s demands, Zephaniah the priest took Shemaiah’s letter and read it to Jeremiah. Why did Zephaniah the priest not implement Shemaiah’s demands? Was he sympathetic to Jeremiah and wanted to obey the Lord? Or did Zephaniah remember what happened to the last priest who put Jeremiah in stocks (see 20:1-6) and showed Jeremiah the letter just to save himself? Scripture does not say.
Notice that in verses 30 – 32 that Jeremiah does not respond, but rather waits for a word from the Lord. When the Lord answers, He tells Jeremiah to address the letter to the exiles in Babylon. The Lord’s message? Shemaiah was preaching rebellion against the Lord. The Lord’s judgment on Shemaiah? The same fate as Hananiah (see 28:15-17) – the death sentence for false prophets (see Deuteronomy 18:20-22).
As we close out Chapter 29, we also come to the end of this group of events in Jeremiah’s history. Let’s take a quick look back on the events of the last few chapters of Jeremiah’s life:
- He preaches of the Temple’s destruction and Jerusalem’s desertion; a lynch mod immediately forms and demands his death (Chapter 26)
- He disrupts a high-level international gathering of ambassadors coming together to rebel against Nebuchadnezzar by wearing an oxen’s yoke and preaching subservience to Nebuchadnezzar (Chapter 27)
- He has a face-to-face confrontation with a rival prophet who represented the majority opinion of the prophets and who had the heart and minds of the people (Chapter 28)
- He writes what many would consider a letter of treason to the exiles in Babylon, encouraging them to settle down and get on with their lives in Babylon (Chapter 29)
And if we could ask Jeremiah why he did all these things, he would likely let out a deep breath and say with quiet but firm conviction, “I am doing what the Lord told me to do.”
May we, like Jeremiah, have the courage to follow the Lord’s leadings, to be faithful to the Scriptures and God’s prompting, no matter what the cost.
May we, like Jeremiah, wait on the Lord for our response, even when the attacks are personal and unfounded, or the majority of public opinion has turned against us.
May we, like Jeremiah, be more concerned about giving God glory and speaking the truth in love than worrying about our reputations.
May we, like Jeremiah, put our confidence in the Lord and leave the results of our obedience in His hands, and not try to control the outcome of events in our lives. | <urn:uuid:4047d615-0b03-4c6a-a4c5-5fca661a17e5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://kevinlotz.net/2016/09/26/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.954917 | 1,266 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Quick and Easy Aperture Training
Amateur photographers often have a hard time understanding aperture training and why it is so important to their photographs. By taking the time to master aperture and understand exactly what it means, you will be able to take much better quality photographs. Most beginners leave their digital cameras in auto mode, which simply involves pointing and shooting.
By putting your camera in manual mode, you will have much more control over a variety of settings, including the aperture.
When your camera takes a photo, the shutter in your camera opens up to allow light inside. The amount of light allowed inside will depend on two things - the shutter speed and the aperture. The aperture is actually the size of the opening of the shutter. Aperture is measured in f-stops, by moving up one f-stop you will double or halve the size of the opening in the shutter, which will allow double or halve the amount of light allowed in.
The higher the f stop number, the smaller the aperture is. f/2.8 is a larger aperture than f/28 and will allow much more light to enter the camera.
Considering Depth of Field
The depth of field will affect whether the foreground or background of a photograph is in focus. The aperture has a big impact on the depth of field, which is why it's worth experimenting. A large depth of field means that the majority of your image will be in focus; these are normally taken using f/22 aperture settings. If you have a cheaper camera with a fixed aperture, then this will probably be set to f/22, which is a good all round setting
A shallow depth of field will mean that only a small part of the image will be in focus. For this, much smaller f stop settings are used; these are bigger apertures which will allow more light into the camera.
Type of Photography
Different types of photography require different aperture settings. Small apertures are typically used in landscape photography, but in portrait photography larger apertures can be used to make the subject stand out from the background. Macro photography also normally uses large apertures to ensure that the subject is perfectly in focus while blurring the rest.
Popular Cameras for High Quality Photos: | <urn:uuid:fd95adf1-2d78-48fa-8f60-d9aa4f973b56> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.steves-digicams.com/knowledge-center/how-tos/digital-camera-operation/quick-and-easy-aperture-training.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00447-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942172 | 459 | 3.15625 | 3 |
- Will your smartphone tell someone if you’ve been to an abortion clinic?
- 1 avocado a week reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease by 22%
- The COVID-19 epidemic comes back again in Japan
- The most reliable study: 1 in 8 COVID-19 patients will have long-term sequelae
- Noncoding DNA may lead to the development of cancer
- Scientists grow embryos without Sperm Eggs and Uterus
Iraq Pakistan Morocco authorized emergency use of China COVID-19 vaccine
Iraq Pakistan Morocco authorized emergency use of China COVID-19 vaccine. Iraq, Pakistan, and Morocco authorized the emergency use of Sinopharm’s China Bio- COVID-19 vaccine.
Approved for emergency use in Iraq
According to Iraqi media reports on the 19th, the Iraqi National Drug Administration has approved the COVID-19 vaccine produced by Sinopharm Sinopharm for emergency use.
Iraqi Ministry of Health spokesperson Saif Badr told Xinhua News Agency that the Chinese vaccine meets the scientific standards set by the Iraqi National Drug Screening Agency, so Iraq approved the emergency use of the COVID-19 vaccine produced by Chinese organisms in Iraq.
According to a report from the Iraqi Ministry of Health on the 19th, 823 new cases were confirmed in Iraq on that day, and a total of 609,852 confirmed cases; 9 new deaths and a total of 12,962 deaths; a total of 573,011 cases were cured.
Approved for emergency use in Pakistan
Xinhua News Agency, Islamabad, January 20. The Pakistan Drug Administration recently granted emergency use authorization to China’s bio- COVID-19 inactivated vaccine. This is the second COVID-19 vaccine approved for emergency use in Pakistan.
According to the announcement on the official website of the Pakistani Drug Administration, the agency approved the emergency use authorization of China’s new biological COVID-19 inactivated vaccine at the registration committee meeting held on the 18th.
According to the official website of the Ministry of Health of Pakistan, as of 8 o’clock on the 20th local time, the country had a total of 524,783 confirmed cases of new coronavirus disease, a total of 11,103 deaths, and a total of 478,517 cured cases.
Approved for emergency use in Morocco
Xinhua News Agency, Rabat, January 23. The Moroccan Ministry of Health issued a communiqu on the 22nd stating that Morocco has formally approved the emergency use of the Chinese bio- COVID-19 inactivated vaccine in Morocco.
The communiqué stated that the National Authorization Committee under the Ministry of Health of Morocco made the above decision after careful evaluation of China’s bio- COVID-19 vaccine. The authorization is valid for 12 months.
The Ministry of Health of Morocco issued an announcement on the 22nd stating that national vaccination will be officially launched next week, with priority given to people who are susceptible to the new coronavirus that meet the requirements.
The Moroccan Ministry of Health reported 950 new confirmed cases on the 23rd, with a total of 465,769 confirmed cases, of which 441,693 were cured and 8,128 died.
China Biotech (SINOPHARM) has gone all out to accelerate the phase III clinical research of the COVID-19 inactivated vaccine, and promote the registration and marketing and emergency use of foreign countries. .
Since June, Phase III clinical studies have been carried out in the UAE, Bahrain, Egypt, Jordan, Peru, Argentina, Morocco and other countries. It is the world’s most invested and fastest-growing clinical research on the COVID-19 vaccine. Up to now, more than 60,000 volunteers have been enrolled in the vaccination group, covering 125 nationalities. It has been approved for emergency use in 9 countries other than China, and has been approved for registration in 2 countries.
(source:internet, reference only) | <urn:uuid:49b993bb-0650-4e24-a452-5290b726ca70> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://medicaltrend.org/2021/01/25/iraq-pakistan-morocco-authorized-emergency-use-of-china-covid-19-vaccine/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.931049 | 831 | 2.25 | 2 |
Published on January 31st, 2013 | by Leah Schwarting0
SPCA Cat Cafes come to campus
In February, Florida Southern College’s shelters for feral cats known as “Cat Cafés” will be set up around campus, along with traps to spay, neuter and administer vaccines to FSC’s feral cat colony.
The Cat Cafés and traps will be put in place by the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals of Florida and maintained by the Alpha Chi Omega sorority.
“They’re going to be in areas where the cats are, obviously very populated,” Larissa Town, vice president of Alpha Chi Omega, said. “Alpha Chi is going to be taking care of that from the future on. Once they are spayed or neutered we’re going to continue daily feedings, casual clean-ups.”
Roughly three months ago, Sean Hawkins, executive director of SPCA Florida, took over.
Hawkins had success in using the Cat Cafés in the past and, after contacting the college, decided to use them at FSC.
“This will be the first one for SPCA Florida to implement, but Sean has been instrumental in multiple ones in this country and abroad,” Patt Glenn, director of animal care at SPCA Florida, said.
Glenn describes the Cat Cafés as a “safe harbor” for the cats.
“They’ve been very successful where [Sean] implemented them,” Randa Richter, manager of good deeds and community involvement and volunteer manager at SPCA Florida, said.
Alpha Chi Omega members will leave food for the cats at selected locations around campus. After a while the cats will know to return to the locations for shelter and food.
SPCA and domestic violence are the sorority’s philanthropies. Town said that they had been trying to figure out what to do about the cats for a long time.
“It’s been in the works for a while, but it’s starting to come into place,” Town said.
The sorority welcomes donations to collect food for the cats and has volunteers from the safety department to maintain the shelters during the summer.
Town said that the feedings should start “as soon as it is approved.”
It is hoped that the cats will acclimatize to the new stations soon, learning that there is food to be had there.
“It’s really important that the rest of the student body knows that these are the only places that we want these cats fed,” Glenn said.
The Cat Cafés are being specially designed so that they fit in with FSC’s architecture. Once a design has been decided on and built, the Cat Cafés are proposed to be placed in six different locations around campus.
However, before the Cat Cafés arrive, food will be left at the selected locations for the cats. Later, traps will be set up so that SPCA Florida can give the cats medical treatment.
“We’ll be doing the rabies vaccination, the de-worming, they’ll get ear-tipped, they’ll get their FVRCP vaccine…” Adam Lamb, director of medical services at SPCA Florida, said.
Ear-tipping, a small cut into the cat’s ear, signifies that the cat has been spayed or neutered, and, with microchips, will allow the cats on campus to be monitored.
The goal is to give medical services, as well as identify FSC’s feral cat colony during the course of around 24-48 hours.
Cats will be taken to SPCA Florida’s mobile unit for treatment. Sorority members will then stay overnight, along with a vet tech, to watch the cats while they recover.
Once the cats are ready, they will be released back onto campus.
The year before, FSC also had traps set up for the same reasons, but by Feral Fanciers instead of SPCA Florida. When Feral Fanciers became part of SPCA Florida, the college turned to the company.
Nan Holleyman, an FSC campus safety dispatcher who was instrumental in making the program happen, worked with Feral Fanciers last year before they partnered with SPCA Florida.
“They’re still doing the same activities,” Holleyman said. “They’re trapping, they’re neutering, spaying, giving them rabies shots and then relocating them back on campus.”
Signs will mark the locations of the traps around campus.
“If anyone sees a trap, please stay away from it,” Holleyman said.
SPCA Florida trappers will also be near each trap, monitoring them. After the cats have been treated and released, SPCA Florida will continue to monitor the feral cat colony.
Glenn hopes that FSC “will be the model” for future Cat Cafés.
“The SPCA Florida vision is healthy animals, humane communities, and this program takes care of that whole vision,” Glenn said. | <urn:uuid:f1f5eec5-fa1f-446f-b6a0-1dea7ca53277> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://fscsouthern.com/spca-cat-cafes-come-to-campus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00477-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960679 | 1,115 | 1.546875 | 2 |
'Is it possible to become pregnant the first time you have sex', 'Does HIV spread through oral and anal sex?'; 'Can protected or penetrative sex get you pregnant?', 'Whether sperm donation causes infertility?' and 'Does an excess in masturbation lead to pimple growth, increase in the temperature of the body or give problems related to stomach?'
These aren't question which a child in a sex education class poses in front of his or her teacher. On the contrary these are questions asked even by adults who are married. Sex no matter even if it is done at the proper time, with the proper person, in the proper place, is a topic that makes many Indians uncomfortable. Though India is the second most populated country in the world we are not comfortable in talking about sex to the kids. This is mainly the reason why adolescents from the age group of 11 to 19 learn about the birds and the bees mainly from literatures, movies, books, or porn which often aren't sufficient to give a thorough knowledge, and in such cases we have misinterpretations, ambiguities, and myth developing on the topic of sex.
Sex education and our culture-
A parliament committee in the year 2009 finally declared that sex education is against the ethos of the Indian Society. The committee was of the opinion that topics like HIV/AIDS/STDS should not be taught prior to standard 12 and should be included as a part of the syllabus of Biology. If that is the case then the section of students who have not taken up Biology will be lost so far as knowledge about sex education is concerned.
Not much of teachers are there, so mainly the biology teacher is shoved with the burden of sex education. It starts around standard six, where the sex education is mostly biology related with horror stories about pre-marital sex which is still a taboo in the country, and with certain highlights about the demerits of abortion and HIV/AIDS. So our system is mostly based on the "abstinence-only".
Trouble with the Status Quo-
Sex is the basis of human life and no amount of social taboo or religious dogma shall get humans rid of this carnal desire to have sex. This "abstinence-only" sex education focuses on controlling pre-marital sex ignoring the most important part that it is human nature to want to have sex. Human body is developed in such a manner that it is ready to produce new generation right after puberty so after the age of 16-17 the bodies start to want sex.
Solution to improve the situation-
In such a case, the claim of the Mumbai cop that talking about sex or giving sex education actually causes people to have sex is a flawed idea because sex education doesn't only need to teach about abstinence of sex but also to deal with the other physical attributes that come along with the urge to have sex. | <urn:uuid:a749221a-0ef4-4f4d-8ae5-b651d17fb3b2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.brainbuxa.com/blog/the-need-for-sex-education-in-indian-schools | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00562-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960208 | 585 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Web Application Security
Back to list
Re: Advanced XSS paper and semi-new attack
Oct 20 2003 04:21PM
Härnhammar, Ulf (Ulf Harnhammar 9485 student uu se)
That's an interesting paper! Some points I thought about while reading it:
* Many environments (PHP, Perl+CGI.pm) accept both POSTed and GETted data. At
least in some circumstances, they just put it in a structure for incoming data
without much regard for what HTTP method was used.
* Several HTML constructs (<img>, <frame>, <iframe>..) will make the web
browser start fetching a URL as soon as the web browser sees it, without
asking the user first. In environments where there is either an XSS problem or
an HTML filter that allows these constructs, they can be used for either:
a) performing actions in a web application under other people's names. For
example, <img src="password-change.php?new=client&again=client">
b) using someone else as a proxy for cracking into some server. For example,
* An additional difficulty is that web browsers accept redirects for images,
so someone could include an image ostensibly pointing to a PNG image on their
server but which immediately redirects to a mail sending script at your server.
* This evil redirect problem isn't just related to XSS and such things. It can
also be used together with social engineering. If people see an interesting
link and click it, they don't expect the link to redirect back to the web
application that they're logged in to and do nasty things there, but it can
(I'm not sure if this information was new or not, just some stuff I've had
lying around in my notebooks for months without writing it up.)
Ulf Härnhammar, student, Uppsala Universitet
"My ideas / often hit / platform six at London Bridge / took a train /
thought of you / only until Waterloo"
-- Vic Twenty, "Kiss You"
På spaning efter den webbransch som flytt
kses - PHP HTML/XHTML filter
[ reply ]
Copyright 2010, SecurityFocus | <urn:uuid:e4f9dcfe-de65-4054-8008-f391c89b69a7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/107/341839 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00054-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.862011 | 480 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Smog lingers despite rain in Beijing
Updated: 2013-01-31 23:35
BEIJING - Heavy smog that has choked Beijing for the last five days weakened slightly on Thursday due to a light rainfall, although the capital's air remains heavily polluted.
Average precipitation was 0.1 mm from Wednesday evening to Thursday morning, the Beijing Meteorological Bureau said.
The city's air quality index (AQI) fell due to the rain but was still above 200, which indicates serious pollution.
The bureau has issued an alert for icy roads, advising children and the elderly to stay indoors.
As of Thursday noon, there had been at least 2,000 reports of vehicle accidents, with at least two people dead, according to Beijing Traffic Management Bureau.
Most of the accidents were scratches and rear-end collisions, caused by icy roads as well as poor visibility in the smoggy weather, said the bureau.
Beijing traffic authorities have started emergency response measures due to snow, strengthening patrols and clearing icy roads.
In many other parts of north and east China, lingering smog has disrupted flights and traffic.
Thirty flights were canceled and 78 flights were delayed Thursday morning at an airport in Tianjin Municipality, located just east of Beijing.
Visibility was reduced to less than 50 meters in many parts of east China's Shandong Province, the provincial meteorological station said Thursday.
The National Meteorological Center rescinded its yellow smog alert early Thursday. Smog in central and east China will be dispersed by a cold front due to arrive on Friday, it said.
The Beijing municipal government decided Tuesday to implement stricter measures to reduce pollutants, including suspending the use of 30 percent of the municipal government's vehicles and halting production at 103 heavily polluting companies.
On Wednesday, production was halted at TOTO, a company that produces cleaning products in northwest Beijing.
"The suspension will cause losses of 1.8 million yuan ($286,000) each day. We received notice that the suspension will last until Friday," said Han Yong, the company's deputy general manager.
"But for the sake of Beijing's air quality, we must stop. This is a social responsibility that our company should shoulder," he said.
A nearby factory that manufactures building materials also had its production suspended.
However, not everyone has abided by the measures. More than 800 government vehicles that are supposed to be suspended are still in use, municipal traffic authorities said.
Several construction sites that were ordered to suspend their work failed to do so on Wednesday.
The meteorological authorities forecast that the smog, which has covered 1.15 million square kilometers of China, will gradually disperse due to rain and snow in central and eastern regions from Thursday through Saturday. | <urn:uuid:a1f6fb2a-6685-4a60-aec0-612a726e8e53> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2013-01/31/content_16192074.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00097-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97557 | 566 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Statistics enables us to study a small segment of a population and draw conclusions that pertain to the whole population. Thus statistics is limited to studying a small number of individuals from a large group (population) because of time, resources and practicability. For one to draw any meaningful conclusion(s) from a statistical analysis what conditions must be satisfied?
Looks Good! Correct Answer: Sample size, representative nature of sample, and confidence level of conclusions are necessary and required conditions | <urn:uuid:5c65380b-e216-412f-b786-fffab4751d0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://passel2.unl.edu/view/lesson/2e09f0055f13/33 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.908868 | 95 | 2.8125 | 3 |
The internet marketing is increasing day by day. Today, every business has its website and wants to achieve the success by creating their brand. And for creating their brand, they make use of the web for promoting their products and services. In this competitive world, there are millions and trillions of the business owners engaged in one field or the other. Therefore, everyone wants to come up in one or the other way.
SEO is considered to be the major part of internet marketing as it optimizes the website and make them search engine friendly. It is done to increase the visibility of the website in search engine results. In order to bring their site up in search engine result pages, it is important to implement the latest strategies and techniques of search engine optimization. It is all done to attract the customers. But at the same time, people don’t choose the things unless it is appealing to the eyes. Here is the point where the concept of web designing and development matters along with SEO. This shows that web designing plays an important role in the success of the business along with SEO.
In this competitive era, every day one of the new business owner enters with the hope to attract more visitors and convert them to customers. So, every one develops their website.
All this shows that building a website has now become important for every business owners, but your website design must follow the SEO algorithms. Here is the list of the things which will definitely make your site SEO friendly:
SEO Tips #1 – Professional design:
Design is the first impression on the visitor and a common saying is that” first impression is the last impression” therefore, a design must be professional, unique, attractive and must give all the necessary information at glance (on the home page).For this you can make use of infographics. This is the most popular technique now a days and serves as a potent tool in Internet Marketing.
SEO Tips #2 – Easy navigation:
While designing the website, you must keep in mind the user interface as it plays a significant role. You must develop your site from the user point of view. Besides this you must keep the simple navigation in your design, so that the user can search easily whatever he wants to search.
SEO Tips #3 – Unique and relevant content:
User is always hungry for the content, so we consider content as the king of all. The content written on the website must be unique and relevant to the theme of your business. It must be to the point and should involve all the things which explain your business effectively. You should update your content frequently as readers always want fresh and updated information. This indicates that your site is still alive.
SEO Tips #4 – Contact information:
Your contact information represents your site. It is a very important part of every business and it must be easily visible to all the users as it is only the source or the means via which the user can contact you. You can also include the contact form as whenever the user visits your site; he can fill the form and ask his query. In this way, you will also get the information about the user.
SEO Tips #5 – Optimized images:
There are certain files which slows down the loading of the website especially the images or graphics. Therefore it is essential to optimize these files so that the website loads quickly in few seconds. This is very essential because visitors who visit your site must want that it should open quickly, and if it doesn’t then the visitor skips to another site.
SEO Tips #6 – Design URL’s which are search engine friendly:
The URL’s which involve query are difficult to remember for the users and are also hard to crawl by search engines. You must be careful while using CMS as the CMS’s use automatically generated numbers and you must customize those URL’s and make them keyword rich.
SEO and Web Designing make a strong bonding with each other and for the success in business both of these are important. It is necessary to make your site SEO friendly to achieve success in your business.
Emma is the content writer who working with SEO Rank Smart, A SEO Company. Every business needs to grow in Internet Marketing and for this purpose they are Hire SEO Experts who works for their website or for its promotion. Emma also wants to share her experience by her writing skill.
Disclosure: Some of our articles may contain affiliate links; this means each time you make a purchase, we get a small commission. However, the input we produce is reliable; we always handpick and review all information before publishing it on our website. We can ensure you will always get genuine as well as valuable knowledge and resources. | <urn:uuid:88b6d079-b756-4261-bff7-806b4523e4e0> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.rswebsols.com/tutorials/seo-tutorials/integration-of-seo-website-designing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719416.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00364-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958539 | 965 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Children with autism spectrum differences (ASD) play in their own unique ways and differences between children with ASD and neurotypcial children include differences in spontaneous play, social play and pretend play (Jarrold and Conn, 2011). In this article we use the term ‘autism spectrum difference’ rather than ‘autism spectrum disorder’ to avoid conceptualising children’s abilities and needs from a negative and deficient perspective (Ring, McKenna and Wall, 2015). Findings from a recent national evaluation of education provision for children with ASD suggest that children with ASD see opportunities to play as an important feature of their educational experience (Daly and Ring et al., 2016). We argue that the observed differences in the play of children with ASD are not commensurate with a lack of motivation to play or a capacity to benefit from play. Amid increasing concerns for child wellbeing at policy level (Smyth, 2015), the authors suggest that opportunities for child-directed play should be an integral feature of education programmes for children with ASD, given the power of play to support wellbeing and children’s connections with others.
Children learn and develop through play and play is associated with a range of emotional, social, cognitive and academic gains (Bonfield and Horgan, 2016). While children clearly benefit when teachers intentionally use play as a context to work towards curriculum learning goals, they also benefit from opportunities to direct their own play. Research consistently indicates that self-directed play contributes to emotional well-being and connections with others (Gray, 2015). The autobiographical accounts of adults with ASD further emphasise the importance child-directed play for well-being and connecting with others during childhood (Conn, 2015; 2016). However, a preoccupation with outcomes coupled with a tight schedule of interventions, can lead to reduced opportunities for play in educational programmes for children with ASD (Mastrangelo, 2009). Moreover, the research suggests that children with ASD in mainstream educational settings can experience social isolation, loneliness and rejection (Chamberlain, Kasari and Rotheram-Fuller, 2007). Child-directed play offers a powerful mechanism through which these challenges can be overcome.
Difference or Disorder?
Up until the recent publication of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) (American Psychiatric Association (APA), 2013), autism or autistic spectrum disorder was described as being identified by a triad of impairments in social interaction, patterns of communication and flexibility of thought and behaviour (Ring et al., 2015). While the current classification system also includes these areas, a further welcome dimension refers to a child’s hyper/hypo reactivity to sensory input or an unusual interest in sensory-related aspects of the environment. The concept of ‘disorder’ as a defining feature of autism continues to be challenged by individuals with autism and their families who describe their experiences in terms of ‘difference’ (Greene, 2006). In accordance with the position adopted by Ring, Daly and Wall (2018), this article rejects ‘disorder’ in favour of ‘difference’ and maintains a focus on the role of parents and educators in responding to, and accommodating these differences through optimising children’s access to play.
Are Children with Autism Spectrum Differences Motivated to Play?
Prior to exploring the motivation of children with ASD to engage in play, we need to be clear around what play actually entails. Gray (2013), conceptualises play as a motive characterised by choice, a means over ends focus, imagination, self-chosen rules and an active, non-stressed mind-set. Once afforded the opportunity, children with ASD certainly act autonomously even if this involves pursuing a more constricted range of interests. When children with ASD engage in preferred activities, it is the activity itself (means) rather than any external reward (ends) which motivates them. Much of the play experienced by children with ASD, however, can be adult rather than child-controlled (Mastrangelo, 2009; Conn, 2015). Play involves self-chosen rules which can be observed in the play of children with ASD when they make up rules around how objects are organised or how games are played. Pretend play is highly imaginative, and spontaneous generation of pretence is recognised as challenging for children with ASD (Jarrold and Conn, 2011). Jarrold and Conn (2011), propose a performance rather than competence deficit meaning that children with ASD can engage in pretence but for several reasons, are less motivated to do so. The autobiogrpahical literature provides further evidence that many children with ASD both engage in and enjoy pretence even if it is less improvisational than the pretence of neurotypical children (Conn, 2015). Many children with ASD are competent at using visual media to represent their imagination and the exceptional drawing abilities of some children with ASD are well documented (Scott, 2013; Ring et al., 2015). This suggests that for children with ASD who find pretending difficult, other symbolic forms of play, such as play with visual media, might offer a more accessible mode of expression and communication. However, this is not to dismiss the value of teaching pretend play skills given the contribution of this type of play to language, self-regulation, symbolic thinking and emotional well-being (O’ Sullivan and Ring, 2016). Finally, when the conditions support them to do so, children with ASD can demonstrate an active non-stressed mind-set when they become deeply absorbed in activities. The autobiographies of adults with ASD suggest, however, that the extent of absorption in sensory play activities can go somewhat beyond that experienced by neurotypical children with many recalling difficulties disengaging from such activities (Conn, 2015; 2016). Supporting children with ASD framing their play experiences may be of particular pedagogical relevance in this regard. Overall, it is clear that children with ASD demonstrate the motive or attitude we define as play and can benefit from play in several ways. Consequently, including play in their curriculum should be an educational priority.
The Perspectives of Children with Autism Spectrum Differences on Play
As part of a mixed methods national evaluation of education provision for children with ASD at early years, primary and post-primary levels in mainstream and special education settings (in which one of the present authors was a principal investigator), conversations were conducted with groups of children, augmented by a draw-and-tell approach (Daly and Ring et al., 2016). Data were collected across 24 sites representing the continuum of education provision available for children with ASD from pre-school through to secondary school (see Daly and Ring et al., 2016 for further detail on the sampling framework adopted). Across these sites 29 child conversations were conducted with 41 children. The inclusion of the drawing activity embraced an approach, which was non-hierarchical, inter-subjective and potentially collaborative while affording participants the opportunity to articulate their views in a non-verbal and concrete way (Lewis, 2003). As the images in Figure 1 and Figure 2, illustrate, children with ASD saw opportunities to play, particularly outdoors with friends, as an important part of their educational experience.
Figure 1: Child at Middle-Primary Level in School Yard with Friends during Breaktime
Figure 2: Child in a Senior Class in a Special School with Friends at School
The conversations with children provided further evidence of the importance of play in these children’s education experiences. One child spoke of enjoying being able to ‘play with people in yard’ while another who drew a picture of the school playground and described each piece of equipment and his favourite places in the playground as he drew. The findings from this research contest the view that children with ASD are less motivated to engage in play, particularly in social play with peers. Critically it suggests that the reason many children with ASD engage less frequently in play is, more related to social, communicative, cognitive and sensory differences than to a lack of motivation per se. Participants in this research clearly valued the contribution of play to their emotional well-being and to their opportunities to connect with others. Acknowledging that wellbeing is a ‘multidimensional construct’ (Smyth, 2015:1), nevertheless the clear influence of social and emotional relationships on wellbeing is clearly communicated in children’s responses and drawings.
Play and Emotional Wellbeing
For play to promote emotional well-being children need to be offered genuine choice, opportunities to practice self-control, a variety of ways to represent ideas and time and space to become absorbed in activities. Crucially, play as an intrinsically motivating activity should not be accompanied by rewards or external evaluation (Gray, 2013). In terms of the type of play which promotes wellbeing, the autobiographical literature suggests that sensory based play activities, in particular, can be associated with feelings of security and wellbeing (Conn, 2015). Spinning, listening to gravel, following the lines of a fence are all examples of experiences recalled as having been deeply pleasurable by adults with ASD (Conn, 2016). It seems that children with ASD value opportunities to make sense of their world through their sensory interactions with it (Conn, 2015; 2016). Consequently, freely chosen play can support wellbeing in a differential way to teacher structured play activities and therapeutic interventions through allowing children engage in play which is pleasurable rather than play which is instrumental in achieving external goals. While the type of play which promotes wellbeing and allows children with ASD make meaning of their world might appear different to the play which meets these needs in neurotypical children, children with ASD are entitled to enjoy the type of play experiences which meet their unique emotional needs. Where the curriculum privileges a narrow range of play experiences, to potential of play to promote wellbeing may not be fully realised for children with ASD (Jarrold & Conn, 2011).
Play and Connections with Others
Children with ASD experience challenges understanding, initiating and maintaining social interactions with others (Papacek, Chai and Green, 2015). They are not less motivated to play with others or to develop friendships, they may simply have a different way of being with others and of being friends (Jarrold and Conn, 2011). Physical proximity, for example, might be more important for some children with ASD than a mental form of companionship (Chamberlain et al., 2007). The autobiographical literature also suggests that despite finding socialising incredibly demanding, many adults with ASD recount their desire for friendship during their childhood years (Conn, 2015; 2016). Teachers generally use a range of strategies to support children with ASD developing communication and social skills and to support peers developing understanding, empathy and tolerance of the diverse interests and behaviours of children with ASD (Papacek et al., 2015). Moreover, through the provision of resources and activities which expand upon individual interests, teachers can encourage children to engage in play which contributes more to learning and social involvement. There is evidence to suggest that incorporating restricted interests can actually decrease stereotypy and increase functional play and social play (Josefi and Ryan, 2004; Watkins et al., 2017). Many adults with ASD report recall finding it easier to socialise with those peers who shared their own interests in some way (Conn, 2015). Given the diversity of children’s social and communicative differences, observation and assessment are crucial to matching support to the needs of the learner (Ring et al., 2015). In the absence of adequate supports for children with ASD, the quality and range of connections with their peers decrease with age. However, opportunities for play remain both important and essential throughout early years, primary and post-primary education (Rotheram-Fuller, Kasari, Chamberlain and Locke, 2010).
From the perspective of the development of the whole child, social and emotional development are as important as cognitive development which is often and inappropriately given priority. Cognitive development and associated academic success are, in fact, dependent on emotional well-being and connections with others in the learning community (Deci and Ryan, 2008; Whitebread and Coltman, 2011). Child-directed play makes a unique contribution to these important aspects of development and should be a core feature of educational provision for children with ASD. As play becomes more dominant in educational provision, educators in collaboration with parents need to reflect critically on the purposes for which play is cultivated. While play-based interventions are an invaluable part of educational programmes for children with ASD, they clearly need to be balanced with opportunities for child-directed play. Opportunities for children to direct their own play make a powerful contribution to emotional well-being which is critical to overall learning success. As skill generalisation is a key aim of curricula for children with ASD, child-directed play can complement teacher-led activities as it gives children with ASD an invaluable context in which to practice emerging social and communication skills. Children participating in the national evaluation (Daly and Ring et al., 2016) provided constructive insights into the power of play to support their emotional well-being and connections with others. The voices of these children and the emerging research should be considered by policy makers, educators and parents to increase the responsivity of the curriculum to children’s needs, particularly their needs in relation to emotional wellbeing and connections with others.
American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders (5th ed) (DSM-V), Washington, American Psychiatric Association.
Bonfield, T. and Horgan, K. (2016) Learning to Teach: Teaching to Learn, Dublin: Gill Education.
Chamberlain B., Kasari C. and Rotheram-Fuller E. (2007) Involvement or Isolation? The Social Networks of Children with Autism in Regular Classrooms, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, pp. 230–242. doi: 10.1007/s10803-006-0164-4
Conn, C. (2016) Play and Friendship in Inclusive Autism Education: Supporting Learning and Development, Abingdon: Routledge.
Conn, C. (2015) ‘Sensory Highs’, ‘Vivid Rememberings’ and ‘Interactive Stimming’: Children’s Play Cultures and Experiences of Friendship in Autistic Autobiographies, Disability and Society, 30(8) pp 1192-1206. doi:10.1080/09687599.2015.1081094
Daly, P., Ring, E., Egan, M., Fitzgerald, J., Griffin, C., Long, S., McCarthy, E., Moloney, M., O’Brien, T., O’Byrne, A., O’Sullivan, S., Ryan, M., Wall, E., Madden, R. and Gibbons, S. (2016) An Evaluation of Education Provision for Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Ireland, Trim: National Council for Special Education. Available online at
Deci, E. L. and Ryan, R. M. (2008) Self-determination Theory: A Macrotheory of Human Motivation, Development and Health, Canadian Psychology, 49(3), pp. 182-185.
Gray, P. (2013) Free to Learn: Why Unleashing the Instinct to Play will make our Children Happier, more Self-reliant and better Students for Life, New York: Basic Books.
Gray, P. (2015). Studying Play without calling it That: Humanistic and Positive Psychology. In Johnson, J., Eberle,,S., Henricks, T. and Kuschner, D. The Handbook of the Study of Play, New York: Rowman & Littlefield, pp. 121-138
Greene, C. (2006) I should have Listened to my Mother. A Mother’s Account of her Journey towards Understanding her Young Child with Autism, Good Autism Practice, 7(1), pp. 13-17.
Jarrold, C. and Conn, C. (2011) The Development of Play in Children with Autism. In Pellegrini, A. (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the Development of Play, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 308-321.
Josefi, O. and Ryan, V. (2004) Non-Directive Play Therapy for Young Children with Autism: A Case Study, Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 9 (4), pp. 533–551. doi: 10.1177/1359104504046158
Lewis, A. (2003) Accessing, through Research Interviews, the views of Children with Difficulties in Learning, Support for Learning 17 (3), pp.130-137.
Mastrangelo, S. (2009) Harnessing the Power of Play: Opportunities for Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders, Teaching exceptional children, Vol. 42 (1) pp. 34-44. Available at:
O’Sullivan, L. and Ring, E. (2016) Supporting a Playful Approach to Learning in the Early Years: Early Years Education-Focused Inspections: A Licence to Play, Childlinks, 1, pp. 2-6.
Papachek, A., Chai, Z. and Green, K.B. (2016) Play and Social Interaction Strategies for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Inclusive Preschool Settings, Young Exceptional Children, 9(3), pp. 3-17. doi: 10.1177/109625061557/6802.
Pellegrini, A. D. (2009) The Role of Play in Human Development, New York: Oxford University Press.
Ring, E., Daly, P. and Wall, E. (eds) (2018) Autism Spectrum Difference from the Inside Out: Signposts for Practice, London: Peter Lang [In press].
Ring, E., McKenna, M. with Wall, E. (2015) Ensuring Quality Educational Experiences for Children with Autistic Spectrum Differences: Perspectives for the Classroom, in P.M. Rabensteiner, P.M and Rabensteiner, G. (eds), Internationlisation in Teacher Education, Batlmannsweiler, Schneider Verlag Hohengehren GmbH, pp. 207-229
Rotheram-Fuller, E., Kasari, C., Chamberlain, B. and Locke, J. (2010) Social Involvement of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Elementary School Classrooms, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 5(11), pp. 1227-1234. doi: 10.1111-2Fj.1469-7610.2010.02289.x
Scott, F. J. (2013) The Development of Imagination in Children with Autism. In Taylor, M. (ed.), The Oxford Handbook of the Development of Imagination, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 499-515.
Smyth, E. (2015) Wellbeing and School Experiences among 9- and 13-Year-Olds: Insights from the Growing Up in Ireland Study, Dublin: National Council for Curriculum and Assessment.
Watkins, L., O’ Reilly, M., Kuhn, M., Lang, R., van der Burg, T. and Ledbetter-Cho, K. (2017) Incorporation of Restricted Play Interests Reduces Stereotypy and Facilitates Play and Social Engagement Between a Preschooler with Autism and Peers in an Inclusive Setting, Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 1, pp. 37-41. doi: 10.1007/s41252-016-0004-2
Whitebread, D. and Coltman, P. (2011) Young children as Self-regulating Learners. In Moyles, J., Georgeson, J. and Payler, J. (eds), Beginning Teaching: Beginning Learning: In Early Years and Primary Education, Maidenhead: Open University Press, pp. 122-138
Lisha O’ Sullivan is a lecturer in the Department of Reflective Pedagogy and Early Childhood Studies at Mary Immaculate College (MIC). Lisha lectures on the Bachelor of Arts in Early Childhood Care and Education (BAECCE), the Bachelor of Arts in Early Childhood Practice (BAECP) and the Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) programmes at MIC. Lisha supervises undergraduate, Master’s and PhD research and is a placement supervisor for students on the BA ECCE and BA ECP programmes. Lisha’s research interests include developmentally appropriate pedagogy and curricula in the early years and the role of play in learning and development.
Emer Ring is Head of Department and Course Leader for the Bachelor of Arts in Early Childhood Care and Education Programme (BAECCE) programme at MIC. Emer lectures on the BAECCE and the Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) programmes and also supervises students’ research at undergraduate, Master’s and Ph.D. levels. Emer is consultant placement supervisor for students during practicum experiences. Emer has been principal investigator on a range of national research projects and her research interests include policy and practice in early childhood education and inclusive practice.
Kathleen Horgan is a lecturer in the Department of Reflective Pedagogy and Early Childhood Studies at Mary Immaculate College (MIC). | <urn:uuid:9c6f2e1f-2890-4263-8653-162c0bedbb12> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.childrensresearchnetwork.org/knowledge/resources/the-power-of-play-to-promote-wellbeing | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.927262 | 4,411 | 3.828125 | 4 |
Don't be monstered
In last week's story about ransomware victims, Michael Pollitt said: "But even though he had used antivirus and firewall programs, bank account and credit card information had been silently stolen from his web browser sessions." How can we protect ourselves from this attack?
JS: This was an example of "spear phishing" where a deceptive email is targeted at a relatively small number of people. The victims were all users of one job site, Monster. They were sent an email telling them to install a new "Monster Job Seeker Tool" (a browser toolbar). If they did, they deliberately breached all their own defences. The victims therefore made at least two mistakes: they believed the phishing email came from Monster, and they believed they were downloading a toolbar from Monster.
The first problem is hard to avoid, but could be minimised by requiring all email to be digitally signed and, ideally, encrypted by the sender. Barring that, just assume all emails are trying to con you. You won't often be wrong. The second problem is easy to avoid: don't click links in emails. Links in phishing emails don't take you where you think (eg, Monster). You can minimise the risk by inspecting a link (eg, paste it into a text editor such as Notepad) to see where it really leads, but obfuscated links can be hard to read. In this case, one user said Norton warned him the download site was not recognised, and he checked with Monster. Recent browsers like Internet Explorer 7, Firefox 2.0, and Opera 9.1 also have anti-phishing features.
Even if you are phished, don't make the mistake of downloading and installing software without checking that it is a recognised tool from a reputable site. For example, Monster could have launched a toolbar with no beta testing, no press releases, no announcement on its site, and no discussions that would have been picked up by search engines, but it's very unlikely. How many people checked?
In the end, the only protection is: don't be gullible. You might still not be 100% safe online, but you're not 100% safe offline, either.
Get rid of it
I have an old laptop which has stopped working and is not worth repairing. It has sensitive information on the hard drive. How can I dispose of it?
JS: If it isn't working, you should take it apart and remove the hard drive. Assuming it's a 2.5in model, mount it in an external housing such as the Dynamode Hard Disk Caddy (£15), or similar. You can use it with another computer as a USB drive. If the hard drive isn't working, wrap it tight in a tea towel and smash it with a large hammer.
If the laptop is not too old, you could sell it on eBay: you won't get much, but some people buy dead equipment for spares. If it's beyond that, search Google for [computer recycling] plus the name of your nearest town. There are lots of locations where you can leave a PC to be crushed and the materials recovered, including UK IT Recycling Ltd (tinyurl.com/2ahbts).
Remind me again?
I'm looking for an easy-to-use calendar with good reminder and recurrence features. I've tried Outlook 2000, as well as the Google and Yahoo calendars, and they do not offer reminders weeks or months before the event (for things like passport renewals) and multiple reminders.
JS: There are dozens of reminder programs, online reminder services and calendars, but it may be hard to find one that has the features you want. The popular reminder services include Memo To Me (memotome.com) and Online Reminders (onlinereminders.net).
For desktop software, you could try Multi-Reminders (tinyurl.com/yrdrm7), which is free, or look at Remind-Me (tinyurl.com/2yg8nf), Secure Reminder (securereminder.com) or Star Reminder (tinyurl.com/2zpa82), which seem reasonably priced as shareware. I have not tried them myself. The online calendars look primitive compared to Outlook 2007, which I do use, but you could synchronise Outlook with Airset or (via IntelliSync) the Yahoo! Calendar, and do the extra reminders a different way.
Too much Java
When I open Add/Remove Programs there are a number of Java installs listed, usually over 100MB each.
JS: A reader recently got hit by a trojan that could have exploited a bug in an old version of Java that he didn't think mattered. This makes me want to uninstall every Java in sight and download the latest version from Sun (tinyurl.com/fwrh). It's better to do this after a restart, before running any large applications. However, Java is typically around 7MB. You must have something like the J2SE Runtime Environment, which runs Java applications on the desktop. It probably came pre-installed, and you probably don't need it. If you had to download 100MB files, wouldn't you notice?
· I suggested Angela Carter get her own domain name to avoid having to keep changing her ISP-given email address. Several readers suggested using an online service such as Gmail. But if you do, you're still locked to one service, and anything could go wrong, as people locked out of Gmail have already found. Kenneth Davies and his wife use "personal email addresses provided free by the university of which we are alumni". That has the same flaw: it's not flexible.
· Donald Hawthorn wanted to print to a Windows USB printer from a DOS program that wanted to print to an LPT printer port. Many readers suggested printing to a file first. Brian says: "The easiest solution was to use the PRN2FILE.COM utility." Peter pointed to a page at that offers several ways to print to any Windows printer from Word Perfect for DOS (tinyurl.com/28j94n). | <urn:uuid:70e4b6c6-4ee4-4827-82a3-c908ede97dcb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2007/oct/11/guardianweeklytechnologysection.it | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00040-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962613 | 1,261 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Inflation is high. The GDP has shrunk. But the job market has never been better. The Washington Post's Damian Paletta helps make sense of the U.S. economy today.
The bestselling author and educator maps out the social hierarchy of what she calls “Perfect Parent World.” She describes how parents can recognize patterns of problem behavior in themselves and others, how to crack the code of what parents are really saying, and how to communicate more effectively.
- Rosalind Wiseman Cofounder of the Empower Program and author of "Queen Bees & Wannabes."
Most Recent Shows
From high mortgage rates to shortages that have spread coast to coast, New York Times reporter Emily Badger explains the roots -- and consequences of our country's broken housing system.
Fifty years after the Tuskegee study, Diane talks to Harvard's Evelynn Hammonds about the intersection of race and medicine in the United States, and the lessons from history that can help us understand health inequities today.
Pills, the right to travel and fetal personhood laws -- Diane talks to Temple University Law School's Rachel Rebouché about what's next in the fight over abortion in the U.S. | <urn:uuid:c74e8f4a-cef0-4f9b-8e20-61ce89433536> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://dianerehm.org/shows/2006-04-11/rosalind-wiseman-queen-bee-moms-kingpin-dads-crown | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.924926 | 253 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Going beyond sorry to gratitude and giving back
I don’t know about you, but in my mind, the late ’90s were really not that long ago.
My first moment of feeling terribly old at Queensland’s National Training Event (NTE) came when I asked a roomful of undergraduates how many of them were alive on Australia’s inaugural National Sorry Day, 26 May 1998. A maximum of three hands went up in the 30-strong audience. The time has come to accept that I’m a full rung on the generational ladder above today’s university students.
For the record, I was gearing up to celebrate my 18th birthday on that date, and I have to confess its significance passed me by at the time – not least because I was living in England, and (did I mention?) gearing up to celebrate my 18th birthday.
Famously, it rather passed by then prime minister John Howard too. It would be another decade before the Australian government, under the auspices of Kevin Rudd, issued an official apology to the Indigenous peoples of Australia for the atrocities committed against them in the name of ‘assimilation’.
But alive or not in 1998, I believe the spirit of National Sorry Day has a claim on all of us who, through the heritage of white settlement, now call Australia home. Our history has a dark and grievous side, the impacts of which continue to be felt among Indigenous Australians to this day. In so many ways, we have benefited while they have lost out.
Sorry is good, but it is not the end of the story. The Bible encourages us to move beyond apology to restitution. How, then, might we play our part in ‘giving back’ to the First Nations from whom so much has been taken?
It was this question that I used to introduce my NTE elective session on ‘Indigenous mission in Australia’. I am far from claiming to have all the answers, and I’m acutely conscious of how easily I can fall into glib, paternalistic thinking on the issue. But since finding myself (in a somewhat unplanned chain of events) joining a Bible translation team in the Northern Territory earlier this year, I’ve mulled on the thought that to partner with Indigenous Christians for the cause of the gospel – doing ministry not ‘to’ or ‘for’ but alongside them – is one of the most profound ways we can show love, respect and conciliation to these our fellow Australians.
With them, we are equal members of Christ’s body, each contributing our unique knowledge and skills to the God-given task of making and shaping disciples of the Lord Jesus.
My elective students impressed me with their engagement and thoughtfulness on this topic – as, indeed, they did the rest of the week. At the risk of reinforcing my self-proclaimed oldness, I have to say that ‘when I was their age’ I was not nearly so theologically sharp, self-reflective, or intentionally invested in my future service of God.
I chatted with young people who purposely picked their degree subjects with the thought of using their skills in a mission context later on. I sat in on a ‘strand group’ (Bible study) and watched group members wrestle intelligently with questions of Christian ethics that didn’t cross my mind until my third year at Bible college. I had lunch across from a young woman who had already mapped out a 20-year plan for her future study, work and missionary service.
In the end, I came to see that ‘giving back’ was already on the minds of these students long before I gave them my pep talk about Indigenous ministry. They are deeply aware that much has been given to them, and therefore much will be required. The nightly talks from Queensland Theological College principal Gary Millar, on the missional character and purposes of God, only served to reinforce that vision and calling.
Whether they will go on to serve on university campuses, in the workforce, in their churches and communities, as Bible translators (yes please!) or in any other kind of mission or ministry venture, these young men and women have humbly embraced the claim of the gospel on their lives and futures. They are eager to be good and faithful stewards of the priceless treasure that has been entrusted to them.
When the teaching sessions closed at around 9.30 each evening, the main auditorium erupted into a buzz of activity as students debriefed with each other, browsed the mission stands, and tracked down their campus leaders for further discussion and questions.
I had to call it quits by 10.15pm because, you know, I’m not as young as I used to be. But I can say I left each night of NTE deeply encouraged by what God is doing in this upcoming generation of gospel servants. I look forward with prayerful eagerness to see how they will take up the call to be Christ’s witnesses – in the enduring words of the conference tagline – ‘to the ends of the earth’.
Susanna Baldwin is a Bible translator with the Australian Society for Indigenous languages based in Darwin. She attended NTE in Brisbane from 6-10 December as a representative of Wycliffe Bible translators. | <urn:uuid:86c8fa21-db54-489f-805b-79228ebc5951> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.eternitynews.com.au/australia/going-beyond-sorry-to-gratitude-and-giving-back/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.968266 | 1,106 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Signs and symptoms will vary, depending on the severity of the greenstick fracture. Mild fractures might be mistaken for sprains or bruises. More-severe greenstick fractures may cause an obvious deformity, accompanied by significant pain and swelling.
When to see a doctor
Contact your doctor if your child has persistent pain in an injured limb. Seek immediate medical attention if a child is unable to bear weight or if there is obvious pain, deformity and swelling.
Childhood fractures most commonly occur with a fall. Arm fractures are more common than leg fractures, since the common reaction is to throw out your arms to catch yourself when you fall. | <urn:uuid:cdb988e3-44ef-4194-b496-8c2d6204b71e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/greenstick-fractures/symptoms-causes/dxc-20200977?p=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00036-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914898 | 130 | 2.21875 | 2 |
While some recent career entrants take a pass on their personal finances, by making smart choices now, you can have an incredible impact on your future.
Maximize your human capital
Your shrewdest investment may not be your 401(k) or Roth IRA. With most of your working life ahead of you, spending money to improve your future earnings and career satisfaction is a wise choice.
Be careful here, as public and private lenders can abet education overindulgence. Take a hard look at the program you're considering, talk to recent graduates to determine the career outlook, and determine how much income you would be sacrificing while retooling.
Don't forget insurance
Most of you have auto and health insurance (and homeowners insurance if you own a home), but may not be protected in other areas.
Long-term disability insurance supplies valuable income replacement if you're not able to work for an extended period. Often it's an employer benefit and pays from 60 percent to 70 percent of your salary once disabled after a waiting period.
You can purchase individual disability insurance directly, but be prepared for an extensive evaluation process and annual premiums that can easily get into the thousands. The good news is that individual disability insurance can stay with you even as you move from company to company.
Renters often forget about renter's insurance for if your home is burgled or burns down, or you're found liable for injuring property or person.
Is there anyone else who is dependent on your current or future income? You may have a life insurance need. Term life insurance is dirt cheap if you're young and healthy.
Maximize your 401(k) match
Every year more employers bring back the 401(k) match. Often it's a 100 percent match on the first 3 percent of your salary you contribute to the plan. If your company has a match and you're not contributing, drop your paper or iPad right now and sign up for the plan today.
Until you do so, you're giving up thousands in free money.
A lifetime of saving begins now
You may think that the odds of collecting Social Security retirement benefits are akin to the chance we'll see a tropical cyclone in Colorado. While the future of Social Security is not as dire as you fear, we have entered a new normal where big pension plans are not doing the saving for you.
It's up to you to save 15 percent of your income through 401k contributions, Roth IRA contributions, and taxable savings to provide for your future.
Such savings is doubly virtuous. Not only will you have a future nest egg, but you will get accustomed to living on less income along the way. This hastens the time when you could leave a traditional career, work fewer hours or take a year-long sabbatical.
A Roth IRAs
You probably qualify to put $5,500 in a Roth IRA for 2013 if you're working and under 50. A Roth IRA is a tax-free account that can be set up at a mutual fund company such as Vanguard or a brokerage firm such as TD Ameritrade.
You can use a Roth to invest in stocks, bonds, mutual funds and other investments. Once your funds are inside a Roth, as long as you abide by the rules its earnings will never be taxed. In fact, there's still time until April 15 to contribute $5,000 to a Roth for 2012.
With more than $16 trillion in national debt and income tax rates relatively low, higher taxes are in our future. By keeping some funds in a Roth IRA, you're protecting today's assets from the tax increases of tomorrow.
David Gardner is a certified financial planner with a practice in Boulder County. He can be reached at yellowstonefinancial.com. | <urn:uuid:5c0ab387-a462-47b9-946f-efe485256c76> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dailycamera.com/business-columnists/ci_22646139/david-gardner-5-important-financial-tips-your-20s.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00561-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954229 | 768 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Files in this item
|(no description provided)|
|Title:||Prosodic and Syntactic Factors in the Phonetic Realization of Function Words in American English|
|Doctoral Committee Chair(s):||Cole, Jennifer S.|
|Department / Program:||Linguistics|
|Degree Granting Institution:||University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign|
|Abstract:||Function (i.e., grammatical) words very frequently lack word-level stress and display phonetic reduction relative to content (i.e., lexical) words. However, word-class (function vs. content) may not be the only factor that affects phonetic realization of function words; prosodic and syntactic context can also play a significant role in conditioning phonetic reduction and strengthening of function words.
This dissertation investigates the acoustic variation of four function words 'for', 'in', 'to', and 'that' in American English as a function of phrasal accent, word class, position in a sentence, and syntactic head status. Three specific research questions are (a) how are homophones of function and content words phonetically realized differently depending on their word class and accent status?; (b) how are function words phonetically differently manifested depending on position in a phrase and accent status?; and (c) how are function words differently realized depending on position in a sentence and syntactic head status as lexical or functional head of phrase? Two experiments were conducted and five acoustic measurements of duration, F1, F2, intensity, and FO were compared.
The results demonstrated that the phonetic realization of function words is significantly influenced by word class and accent status, but that accent status displays a stronger effect than word class, whose effect is constrained when accented. It was also found that both prosodic position and accent status have significant effects on the phonetic manifestation of function words, and accent effect is greater than position effect. Lastly, the results revealed that the phonetic details of function words are also affected by position in a sentence and syntactic head category, though the effects are relatively weak. However, it was noted that the effects of those factors were not uniform across the words or across the acoustic features.
The main finding in this study that the phonetic encoding of function words is influenced by all three factors---word class, prosodic context, and syntactic context---is discussed with an alternative pragmatic explanation, and it will contribute to a theory of reduction phenomena in speech, to the characterization of prosodic structure and phrasing in English, and to the study of second language acquisition.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2009.
|Date Available in IDEALS:||2014-12-17| | <urn:uuid:fadfa330-72ee-48a2-8155-246a93f97529> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/handle/2142/72154 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718957.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00436-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.894231 | 577 | 1.796875 | 2 |
ERIC Number: ED371658
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1993
Reference Count: N/A
Leaving College: Rethinking the Causes and Cures of Student Attrition. Second Edition.
This book provides a synthesis of wide-ranging research on student attrition at American colleges and universities and outlines actions that institutions can and should take to reduce attrition. The key to effective retention is shown to lie in a strong commitment to quality education and the building of a strong sense of inclusive educational and social community on campus. Chapter 1 examines the dimensions and consequences of student departure from institutions of higher education and sets out the goals of the book. Chapter 2 explores the scope and patterning of student departure, looking at the entry and exit of individuals from institutions of higher education and group differences in rates of degree completion. Chapter 3 addresses the roots of individual departure, examining the specific reasons why individuals leave college. Chapter 4 advances a model of individual departure from higher education that sees as the major cause of student attrition the inability of students to make the transition to college and become incorporated into the institution's ongoing social and intellectual life. Chapter 5 explores the dimensions of institutional action, examining the definition of "dropout," the principles of effective retention, and appropriate retention policies for different types of institutions and students. Chapter 6 presents conclusions and directions for further research. Two appendixes examine the assessment of student departure and propose a model of doctoral student persistence. (Contains approximately 430 references.) (MDM)
Descriptors: Academic Persistence, College Environment, Colleges, Cultural Differences, Definitions, Dropout Characteristics, Dropout Prevention, Dropout Programs, Dropout Rate, Dropout Research, Dropouts, Higher Education, Individual Differences, Influences, Models, Racial Differences, School Holding Power, Student Attrition, Student College Relationship, Theories, Universities
University of Chicago Press, 5801 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637 ($24.95).
Publication Type: Books; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Audience: Policymakers; Administrators; Practitioners
Authoring Institution: N/A
Note: For first edition, see ED 283 416. | <urn:uuid:5510d90f-28ad-4aad-8f88-6b5ca1a48940> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED371658 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722459.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00343-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.882528 | 451 | 2.234375 | 2 |
This programme introduces you to a well-established Psychology programme and is accredited by the British Psychological Society (BPS)* and is the first step towards becoming a Chartered Psychologist. Students analyse and understand human behaviour, thought and emotions from many different psychological outlooks. By studying Psychology combined with English, students get an introduction to a fascinating range of literary texts and periods, which will allow students to develop their skills as a thinker, reader, writer and critic.
By choosing to study these subjects there is a higher level of flexibility in deciding your future employability pathway. This course is designed to enthuse and inspire you, broadening your knowledge of Psychology whilst fine tuning your understanding of English Literature. Both programmes are taught by an enthusiastic and experienced team which has substantial research and teaching experience.
*Accreditation applicable to Undergraduate Single Honours Psychology degrees and Joint Honours degrees where Psychology is the major subject.
Park Campus, the larger of the two campuses, is set in 80 acres of open green parkland, occupying an impressive and spacious site.
Facilities available on-site include a sports hall, restaurant, Students’ Union, Student Centre, shop, bar and nightclub. Safe and secure accommodation for more than 1,300 students is spread throughout Park Campus, with the majority placed within our student village combining stunning green spaces with welcoming Halls of Residence.
A Multi-Faith Chaplaincy and Medical Centre (providing a full GP service and free counselling) are also available at Park Campus.
Park Campus is within easy walking distance of a busy, local shopping area, complete with banks, supermarkets, shops and pubs.
The University of Northampton
Boughton Green Road
Other course locations
This course will be divided between Park Campus for Pscyhology modules and Avenue Campus for English modules.
Our students learn new ways of understanding how and why people think and act as they do. They are also equipped with transferable, critical and analytical skills to enhance their employability. The course offers considerable flexibility and choice, whilst developing students with a comprehensive and thorough understanding of English Literature from the Renaissance to the present day. The aim of this course is to allow students to develop their own research interests through a wide range of optional modules and a final year dissertation. Students will develop a critical understanding and high level of professional practice skills in Psychology. English students will engage with texts through extensive reading and studying the intellectual and historical contexts within literature. Ideas can be shared and developed through lectures, seminar discussions and group projects.
Students will be introduced to the core disciplines that underpin the academic analysis of both subjects.
Psychology modules introduce the major approaches to understanding human behaviour: social, cognitive, biological and developmental and personality psychology. Students acquire skills in the design and execution of a range of psychological research methods, the analysis and interpretation of data and report writing. In addition to the core modules, students can take other stage one Psychology modules exploring the many ways that psychology is applied to real-world problems and developing students’ research, thinking and communication skills.
Stage one explores the introduction of English Literature and sets down the foundations. At stage one the first module is Nineteenth-Century Literature: Romance and Revolution, where students encounter important genres (such as poetry and fiction) and writers (from Charles Dickens and the Bronte’s to Oscar Wilde). The second is Writing the Present: Post-War and Contemporary British Literature where you will explore the development of English Literature from the end of the Second World War to the present.
Other modules enable students to acquire an understanding of nineteenth century English literature and Writing the Present: Post-War and Contemporary British Literature where you will explore the development of English Literature from the end of the Second World War to the present.
In stage two, students that major in Psychology seek Graduate Basis for Chartered membership (GBC) and undertake four modules covering, social, developmental, biological, cognitive and personality psychology, plus the key debates within psychology and psychological research methods. Minor and joint pathway students can also choose to study Positive Psychology, Evolutionary Psychology and Educational Psychology.
Within the English modules, students will delve into more detailed and developed areas, considering the wider range of literature from the realms of Eighteenth century Literature; Satire and Sensibility as well as focusing on the wicked wit and violence of ‘the long eighteenth century’ (1660-1800).
In stage three, students specialise in areas of interest and potential career preparation. There are Psychology modules in each of the applied psychological professions such as forensic psychology and clinical psychology. There are also modules reflecting the research expertise of our staff, for example Transpersonal Psychology and Positive Psychology. Psychology majors typically undertake an empirical dissertation with one-to-one guidance from a Psychology lecturer. The dissertation allows students to immerse themselves in a topic of their choosing, subject to staff approval, and to put into practice the research skills they have acquired through the course.
For our most advanced students, Renaissance Literature provides new perspectives on that period, from ‘Renaissance sexualities’ to ‘visions of the new world’. In Multimedia Journalism, students will also get an opportunity to bring their writing and reporting skills up to professional standards and meet specialist professional writers.
*Please note that Stage Three modules are currently being reviewed and may be subject to change.
Module information is quoted for 16/17 currently. The course modules for 17/18 will be confirmed in Spring, any changes will be communicated to applicants accordingly.
There are opportunities for international study visits and exchange as part of the second year for the Education Studies element.
There are a variety of assessment formats including, essays, practical reports, presentations, time-constrained essays, multiple-choice tests, group project work, analysis and reflection.
Facilities and Special Features
There are several features within both subject areas of this joint honours course which can put theory into practice to cement theoretical learning from lecture and seminar settings. Students can derive benefits from the following:
- excellent and innovative teaching
- friendly and supportive staff
- core period modules from the Renaissance to the present day
- opportunities to develop creative writing skills
- diverse range of assessment methods
- an exciting range of modules
This joint honours programme provides an excellent foundation for entry into the competitive professional and academic fields of Psychology and English and applies to many professional contexts. With Psychology, after further qualification, you can obtain ‘chartered’ status as a counselling, clinical, educational, occupational, health or forensic psychologist. Also, academic psychologists conduct research and teach in higher education. It is widely acknowledged by employers that Psychology degrees provide an excellent grounding for a diverse range of non-psychological careers. Our graduates are employed in education, the health service, the police force, human resources management, marketing, the civil service, broadcasting, teaching, postgraduate study (through MA courses in English or related areas), adult education, social work training, marketing, editorial work with major publishers, librarianship, bookselling, management trainee schemes with large companies and local government.
The highly valued transferable skills gained from the programme have enabled our graduates to go on to work outside the arts at managerial level, whilst some have gone on to postgraduate study.
How to apply
For application information please see our how to apply page.
General entry requirements apply. A typical offer would be BCC at A Level or DMM at BTEC.
Fees and funding
Fees quoted relate to study in the Academic Year 17/18 only and may be subject to inflationary increases in future years.
|Part Time:||£1,300 per 20 credit module| | <urn:uuid:a1a8f620-d56d-4674-bae8-4301a23a01b4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.northampton.ac.uk/study/courses/psychology-and-english-joint-honours/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00356-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927141 | 1,572 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Tamar Geller, Palo Alto, CA
Shana Ba’Aretz, class of 2019
According to Ethiopian Jewish tradition, the Sigd holiday occurs fifty days after Yom Kippur, and was a day to renew their covenant with God and yearn for Jerusalem.
Today, after so many Ethiopians have made Aliyah, it is now a holiday that celebrates the joyful return of the Ethiopian community to ‘Yeru-salem’. In 2008, Sigd became an official Israeli holiday articulating the significance of this day not just for the Ethiopian community, but for the Jewish people at large.
At Nishmat, Ethiopian students in the N.E.W. Pre-College Ma’ayan Program spend weeks preparing to bring this special celebration to Nishmat. The spicy smell of traditional Ethiopian food permeated the Rohr Dining Hall, which was covered, floor to ceiling, with tapestries that were reminiscent of Ethiopian villages. Tables were set up with different Ethiopian vessels that students and their families made and used. My favorite was an instrument called a Kra’ar which resembles a banjo.
The most exciting part of the evening was the show they put on for the standing room only crowd of over three hundred guests. This performance consisted of short stories that echoed the change that has taken place in the Ethiopian community and the intergenerational tensions these changes have created. For example, one vignette told the story of a son, a current Rabbi in Israel, refusing to eat meat ritually slaughtered according to his father’s Halachic standards despite his father being a Kess (a rabbinical authority) in Ethiopia. As Rabbanit Henkin, Founder and Dean of Nishmat, put it, each and everyone one of these families that left their homes in Ethiopia has a “doctorate of faith.” We have much to learn from this community’s resilience and dedication to the State of Israel and Jewish heritage. I know that I have learned to cherish family traditions while still appreciating my current cultural surroundings.
After watching these powerful pieces, there were Israeli, American, British, and Ethiopian women of all ages dancing their hearts (and shoulders) out together to Ethiopian rhythms. By the end of the night, whether we were wearing traditional Kemis dresses or not, we were all part of one community appreciating and celebrating Ethiopian culture in Israel.
The Sigd was generously sponsored by the Morris and Beverly Baker Foundation. | <urn:uuid:bb7be255-a56d-4056-863c-ddc95e3d4083> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nishmat.net/maayan-ethiopian-women/from-ethiopia-a-new-israeli-holiday/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.965774 | 510 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Total amount: € 0,00
HOW TO ORDER
A Journal on Angiology
Official Journal of the , the International Union of Phlebology and the
Indexed/Abstracted in: BIOSIS Previews, Current Contents/Clinical Medicine, EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded (SciSearch), Scopus
Impact Factor 0,899
International Angiology 1999 June;18(2):154-7
Comparative of blood flow to the ankle-brachial index after iliac angioplasty
Allouche-Cometto L., Leger P., Rousseau H. *, Lefebvre D., Bendayan P., Elefterion P., Boccalon H.
From the Department of Angiology, * Department of Radiology CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
Background. Interest of blood flow and ankle brachial pressure index (ABPI) to evaluate result of iliac angioplasty.
Methods. ABPI and blood flow rates were measured before and after angioplasty in 22 lower extremities of 16 patients with iliac stenosis. Blood flow rates were determined by means of a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) flow meter.
Results. The day after angioplasty, flow and pressure were increasing significantly, whereas a month later, only blood flow was increasing significantly. In a group of patients with near-normal ABPI before angioplasty (ABPI ≥ 0.8), there was, on the day following the angioplasty, a significant increase in ABPI and pulsatile blood flow rates; flow rates increased considerably a month after the operation whereas ABPI stay stable. In a group of patients with clearly abnormal ABPI before angioplasty ( ABPI <0.80), there was a significant increase in ABPI and blood flow rates the day after angioplasty and again a month later.
Conclusions. Flow therefore seems to vary independently of pressure. The possible use of flow measurement to detect restenoses is yet to be studied. | <urn:uuid:55ea097e-2355-4ceb-ad44-0f1164914eec> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.minervamedica.it/en/journals/international-angiology/article.php?cod=R34Y1999N02A0154 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00348-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.860464 | 438 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Armed Guards for Merchant Ships
Guidelines have been issued for deployment of armed security guards on board Indian flag Merchant Ships. The Indian ship owners are, accordingly, free to deploy armed security guards.
Naval escort is provided to the ships in the Gulf of Aden. Besides, there are naval ships of different countries patrolling in the piracy affected area, which coordinate with each other through various multi-national and bilateral initiatives so as to combat the menace of piracy. The Indian Navy is providing enhanced vigil in the Indian EEZ and westward up to 65 degree east longitude.
In addition, the following steps have also been taken in this regard:-
• Banning of sailing vessels to ply in waters south or west of the line joining Salalah and Male.
• Active participation of India in the International Maritime Organization, Contact Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia (CGPCS) and other international fora.
• Constitution of an inter-ministerial group of officers to deal with any hostage situation arising out of hijacking at sea of merchant vessels with Indian crew on board.
The above information was given by the Union Minister of Shipping, Shri G.K. Vasan in a written reply to a question in Lok Sabha today.
MG/Aruna -PQ2- usq 677 | <urn:uuid:59d17dec-ac3a-4ab5-b8b8-2585e4ee0e23> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=86269 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00549-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92925 | 270 | 1.625 | 2 |
|Artist Jimmy Talarico|
First of all, I realize some of you who follow this site may not follow our Facebook page so you may not have known I was off social media for a week as a part of a media deprivation exercise I was doing. It was a task for a study I'm going through on increasing creativity. I look forward to sharing more about it later. And now, on with the show...
So this is a recap of the Dear Mike project I completed a couple of weeks ago. I'm writing this blog to give some insight into the symbolism and decisions I made throughout this process. To begin with, this was a project I was asked to create as a wedding anniversary gift from a wife to her husband. I was given a box of letters the couple wrote each other before they were engaged and was given complete liberty in finding an appropriate way to express them.
I'd done another project where I used wedding cards to create paper mâché, but for this project I felt it was important to retain the letters to some degree. The letters were private, but I wanted some words to be discernible so the couple could be reminded of those memories while reading the few words that would remain. The interesting thing about our memories is that we tend to fill in the blanks as we see fit. We never truly remember an experience as accurately as it happened, there is always conjecture. I wanted to give a place for that conjecture to stir up old memories. To do this I decided to fold the letters up line by line and infuse them with wax so they would hold their form.
I had seven years of letters and one group with no dates so I split up the letters into eight groups. Then I took the maximum number of letters from one year and divided it by 18" (the height of the canvas) to get 3/4". So I created jigs out of aluminum angles to form 3/4" wide folded letters.
The density of each letter within this 3/4" jig showed how long the letters were. This mathematical approach seemed appropriate since both my client and her husband are engineers. I used a similar approach for the width of each letter so each column was 4 1/4" wide. I then melted each letter to a canvas to give the basic layout.
I filled the rest of the canvas with wax and ash, which has become my current medium of choice.
The wax is repurposed from thrift store candles and the ash is from burned consumable waste cardboard. I know this may sound weird but it really becomes a terrific metaphor for hope and beauty. The candles were most likely originally purchased to celebrate an event centered around love; birthdays, weddings, romantic dinners, etc. But for some reason they lost their value and were given away for nothing. The burned cardboard is symbolic of purifying something that would otherwise be deemed garbage. Both products are then used to create a new object of beauty.
After the wax and ash were applied to Dear Mike, I covered them with acrylic paint in colors that complimented the colors of the letters, but I wasn't completely satisfied with that layer.
During a critique with Melinda she said, "Why don't you just try black and white?" I thought about it for a while then realized it fit well with the concept. There is a certain naïveté that comes with new love. It blinds us to certain shortcomings in our partner and allows us to simply be enamored. This is represented by the white paint covering most of the beginning sets of letters. But the black comes in from the side of the future as a way to represent uncertainty or times of struggle. See, the truth of love is not found in the black or in the white, either one alone is incomplete. The truth of love is only realized when the two meet. Because any of us who have been married past the honeymoon stage have at some point come to the realization that love is a choice. It's not a funny feeling you get when you're around your partner; you learn that that feeling comes and goes. No, the real strength and beauty of true love happens the moment you recognize that flutter has faded and you decide to remain in love anyway. And with that you get Dear Mike. Congratulations Kathi and Mike on another wedding anniversary and here's to many, many more. Thank you so much for giving me the honor of contributing to your story. And to everyone else, thanks for taking the time to read this. We sincerely appreciate it.
Jimmy & Melinda Talarico
From here you can read our opinions on our industry, updates on our work, and pretty much anything else we'd like to discuss. Dialog is appreciated so please comment! | <urn:uuid:9785facd-a7f3-446a-a7ba-6c4931871ecc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.memoriestomasterpiece.com/notebook/dear-mike-concluded | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.976189 | 987 | 1.6875 | 2 |
The development of a excellent company is to balance ecological stability, green environment and low carbon emissions. We not only pursue the current economic benefits, but also consider the long-term development of the enterprise. Green environmental protection will be the theme of development. It is our responsibility and consciousness to leave a green earth for future generations.
In the production R&D, the company pursues the principle of "harmony between product and environment, enterprise and society", attaches importance to environmental protection, and discharges "waste water, waste, and waste gas" in line with national emission standards and sanitary standards, and never leaked harmful substances. Never pollute the surrounding environment of the plant. In recent years, the company has increased investment in science and technology and promoted technological advances in energy conservation and emission reduction:
◆ The company's production line energy-saving technology transformation, elimination of high-consumption and inefficient processing equipment, update production process, new CNC boring and milling machining center, resin sand molding production line and other advanced equipment, reduce energy consumption, streamline the process, and implement energy-saving emission reduction in all aspects.
◆ The company's vigorous development of ZZ, ZWX, ZBG, ZLH, ZLX, CL, ZSS, S (large caliber), D (large caliber) and other models, in line with the national environmental protection policies and requirements of emerging countries.
◆ Through continuous improvement and optimization, the company has mastered many leading manufacturing technologies and achieved high-quality and high-efficiency production, thus achieving the goal of low-carbon and green manufacturing.
The company adheres to the people-oriented corporate philosophy and encourages employees to grow and develop together with the company. In order to keep employees in good working condition, the company establishes a trade union organization, cares for every employee, and cares about the family of each employee.
1. Organization care
■ There is a general manager reception day. Each employee can report personal appeals or make recommendations to the company via email. Suggestions will be rewarded once adopted.
■ Monthly Reward: Every month, employees will be rewarded with written recognition and bonuses.
2. Humanistic care
■ Birthday celebration cash: Each year,every single staff owns birthday card and birthday celebration cash from company
■ Solve the problem of employees' enrollment qualifications
■ The company will positively help the staffs who and whose direct relatives are suffering heavy accidents or difficulties.
3. Safety care
■ Transportation guarantee: Free bus service for on and off duty.
■ Regularly organize employees to conduct occupational medical examinations and establish personal medical examination files.
■ Regularly distribute labor insurance products and distribute heatstroke prevention and cooling medicines and refreshing drinks. Fourth, career care
■ Continuing Education: Provide comprehensive technical training opportunities for technical backbones.
■ Training/Promotion System: Standardized professional knowledge training and personnel management training system to create skills promotion and job promotion opportunities for young people.
4. Welfare care
■ Festival care: Gifts and shopping cards are issued.
■ Staff canteen: Provide free lunch and overtime meals for all employees.
■ Annual wages: Calculated from the beginning of the entry year, increasing year by year.
■ Stylistic activities: All employees have the opportunity to participate in sports, entertainment or other activities organized by the company, such as sports games, spring tours, outreach training, basketball games and other activities.
The company has social responsibility. While pursuing economic benefits, we will not forget to repay the society. The company adheres to the spirit of “being a society and serving the society”, actively participates in poverty alleviation activities, and returns to society with practical actions. Sichuan is a region with frequent natural disasters. Debris flows, earthquakes, and floods occur frequently. Every time the company actively donates money and materials to organize disaster relief. Every year, the organizers personally go to the poverty-stricken mountainous areas to send materials, donate money to students in poverty-stricken areas, and all the employees of the company are enthusiastic about charity and public welfare undertakings, which have been affirmed and praised by all walks of life. | <urn:uuid:08c0dfcb-c425-4c05-867c-fa00c1f28fac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.zgpumpvalve.com/responsibility/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.92218 | 877 | 1.539063 | 2 |
The Bruce Murray Space Image Library
STEREO-B ultraviolet image of the Sun, September 18, 2012
Filed under amateur image processing, the Sun, global views, solar observing spacecraft
Three images of the Sun in ultraviolet wavelengths from the STEREO-Behind spacecraft were combined to make this colorful view of the ultraviolet Sun.
NASA / GSFC / Emily Lakdawalla
Original image data dated on or about September 18, 2012.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. For uses not allowed by that license, contact us to request publication permission from the copyright holder: Emily Lakdawalla
Other Related Images
Pretty pictures and | <urn:uuid:ee8e852b-6b9d-42ba-9fd0-9e41f76a0153> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.planetary.org/multimedia/space-images/sun/sun-stereob-uv-20121003.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00346-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.805043 | 147 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Lives depend on it: Fighting malaria in Chad
By Guy Hubbard
Concentrated efforts to fight malaria in Chad mean the disease is facing powerful adversaries: mosquito nets and the dedicated health volunteers who teach communities how to use them.
KELO, Chad, 25 April 2014 – In the dry and dusty district of Kelo, in southern Chad, rain clouds build and then dissipate in the rising heat. Their brief appearance hints at the fast-approaching rainy season, which is both a blessing and a curse. It drives away the baking heat, and farmers anxiously await its arrival. But, it also brings mosquitos and, with them, malaria – the biggest killer of children here.
In the last year, Kelo has had over 45,000 registered cases of malaria, and over 200 people have died of the disease, most of them children and pregnant women.
Behind the numbers
Sinamani Pauline knows the dangers of malaria all too well. She has lost six of her seven children to the disease, most recently her 7-year-old daughter.
“We took her to the health centre, but it was death that we brought home,” recalls Pauline. “All of my children were like that – their sickness never even reached two days; they were attacked by malaria, and just like that, it was over.”
Just beyond the shade of the mango trees outside Pauline’s home lies a gravesite for the children, a small mound covered with freshly placed rocks. Inside her house, sleeping mats are rolled up against the wall, but there are no mosquito nets – no protection from malaria.
“When you sleep under a net, the mosquitos don't touch you; you don't get malaria,” explains Pauline. “But, we don't sleep under a net. In our village here, you can't find them. I can't buy them anyway because I don't have the money.”
In the build-up to the rainy season – and malaria season – UNICEF, in partnership with the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, as well as the Government of Chad, is planning a mass distribution of mosquito nets throughout the country. The goal is universal coverage: one net for every two people.
To achieve that goal, they are working closely with people like Pauline’s sister, Veronique, who became a community health volunteer to help fight malaria in her village.
“The causes of malaria are the dirty water and garbage that we put around our houses because it is this water and garbage that becomes the nests of mosquitoes,” Veronique explains. “As a community volunteer, I advise people to clean their surroundings and put their children under nets because, when malaria affects children, they die easily.”
Today, while helping Pauline fetch water and cook sorghum porridge, Veronique has also been teaching her sister how to use and care for the mosquito nets she will receive.
“She explained to me how to work with the nets,” says Pauline. “You have to hang them up by the four corners, and you can't leave any space for mosquitoes to get in. Otherwise, the mosquitoes will bite you, and you'll get malaria.”
Distributing mosquito nets
Pauline receives two nets, which will, when properly placed, protect her and her surviving son, Azaria, as well as Pauline’s mother, who also lives with the family.
“I hope that my child will stay healthy and will continue his studies until the end,” she says.
But for Veronique, the distribution itself is only half the job. After every household in the village has received their nets, she'll need to go door-to-door again, making sure they are correctly hung and being properly used.
The dedication of people like Veronique means the campaign will have a huge impact on the rate of malaria here. Lives depend on it.
Pauline was among those selected to receive mosquito nets during initial trial runs of the distribution, which is officially scheduled for 25 April, World Malaria Day. | <urn:uuid:dc3dbdc0-d66c-4cf8-a732-bb066ea3855d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://reliefweb.int/report/chad/lives-depend-it-fighting-malaria-chad | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00564-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978403 | 872 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Assessing the capability of e-discovery software tools
MetadataShow full metadata
Electronic Discovery (e-Discovery) has developed as a process to be managed by investigators and as a practice that has a set of procedures that are peculiar to Electronically Stored Information (ESI). Traditional document management systems have been stable and accessible by manual means. However with the increased use of digital mediums to store information, new techniques have been developed to handle volatile information and its vastly increased quantities. The Electronic Discovery Reference Model (EDRM) is a framework that is widely used as a guideline for e-Discovery processes in investigations. The model provides a systematic guide for actions that start at the information management system and proceed through reproducible steps until an evidential output is achieved. Software tools are also available to perform these investigative steps and to speed the extraction and reporting of evidence. However, the dependability of digital evidence that is collected, analysed and presented in a court using e-Discovery tools has been challenged. The outputs of e-Discovery processes serve several end-users and are open for scrutiny in a court of law. The main users are those in legal roles who wish to extract reports and presentations from an information management system. Lawyers and other legal advocates require briefs that contain summative information regarding the case at hand. Digital forensic investigators and expert witnesses also require the services of e-Discovery processes and rely on the software tools to deliver full and accurate information that can be substantiated under cross examination. Key issues and problem areas arise from the stability of software, the debates about the reliability of open-source and/or proprietary software, the consistency of different software presentations, and the ability of experts to communicate the use of the software to a court of people unfamiliar with digital processes. Consequently, not only are there many problems surrounding the use of e-Discovery software, but there are also few people who are knowledgeable of both the legal and IT technical requirements of court presentations. In this research, the most widely used software for e-Discovery processes is reviewed in the literature section and then one of the tools is investigated in the laboratory to assess its characteristics and capabilities. The research question “What performance can be expected of e-Discovery tools when extracting evidence?” was selected to address the problem of limited knowledge of tool capability. The tool was investigated using each of the phases in the EDRM model, and by testing it in different case scenarios. The results showed the capability of the tool and the scope of such software to assist investigators and others with a legal interest. To conclude, the overall research conducted confirms that e-Discovery is a legal investigation process that is dependable when the software tools are understood and used correctly. There are many and competing software tools available and each exhibits different strengths and weaknesses. The empirical research study satisfies the aim of testing e-Discovery software to gain greater knowledge of its use. Though pilot testing and case scenarios, the EDRM model was found to be comprehensive and a trustworthy guideline for evidence management. The result of such testing shows a better understanding of a tool’s capability, its effectiveness as a business process, and provides advice for best practices in evidence presentation. | <urn:uuid:eb3ee6b5-7b92-49e4-9b3c-ba25ba393bdc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/handle/10292/5263 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00475-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94664 | 654 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Electric cars, or EVs, are becoming increasingly ubiquitous on many global highways. But, if you’re in the market for a new work vehicle, should an EV be at the top of your list
Overall, purchasing an electric company car can be financially beneficial: and here’s why! To begin with, acquiring an electric corporate car can not only generate considerable savings when compared to regular gas-powered cars, but these vehicles can also be eligible for tax exemptions like capital allowances and congestion charges.
Continue reading to learn more about electric cars and why it makes financial sense for you to purchase an electric company car rather than diesel or fossil fuel car.
Why it makes financial sense to buy an electric company car
When choosing between an electric or gas-powered car for your company vehicle, there can be a multitude of factors to consider. After all, when you go to work, you want to be making money, not spending it all on vehicle costs and taxes.
Fortunately, with an electric car, the government tends to relax and loosen their grip with their taxes and extra company car charges. For example, when purchasing an EV with the intent to use it as a business vehicle, not only are you exempt from things like congestion charges but can also be granted capital allowances.
What are the top three reasons why it makes financial sense to buy an electric company car?
Capital allowances on electric cars
The majority of governments have put in place tax breaks for those who decide to buy electric vehicles for their businesses rather than conventional gas-powered vehicles. As a result, any electric vehicles you purchase and operate for your business qualify for capital allowances. This implies that you can take a portion of the value out of your profits before paying taxes.
For example, in the UK, since April 2020, businesses can deduct 100% of the cost of an electric car from their earnings (from the year of purchase), with no limit on the vehicle’s value.
EV congestion charge exemptions
Good news: Congestion fees are not applicable to electric vehicle owners in several regions of the world. After all, zero-emission cars do just that—they produce no emissions.
For example, in the United Kingdom, until 2025, all entirely electric cars, vans, and other vehicles are free from Congestion Charges due to the fact that these cars emit zero exhaust emissions. This implies that if you buy a completely electric car and register it with Transport for London, you will not be subject to a yearly Congestion Charge.
EVs provide significant savings when compared to traditional gas-powered cars
While many people frequently consider investing in an electric car for their business needs, they occasionally object to the price. After all, these electric-powered vehicles can frequently cost more than a typical gasoline-powered vehicle.
However, according to current Consumer Report statistics, EVs actually beat other vehicle types when total ownership costs, including purchase price, fuel expenses, and maintenance costs, are included.
For example, according to this same 2020 Consumer Reports study, owners of electric vehicles will generally spend approximately 60% less on gasoline per year than owners of gas-powered vehicles. However, not everyone’s savings predictions will be the same.
Bonus: The government are currently running a grant scheme for electric vehicle charging infrastructure. The grants cover up to 75% of the up-front costs to a value of up to £350 per socket and can be applied to 40 sockets!
Overall, buying an electric company car can be financially advantageous. For example, purchasing an electric business car can not only result in significant savings as compared to traditional gas-powered vehicles, but these vehicles can also be eligible for tax breaks such as capital allowances and congestion charges.
There are several considerations to consider when deciding between an electric or gas-powered automobile for your work vehicle. After all, when you go to work, you want to make money, not spend it all on transportation and taxes.
So, why choose an EV at the end of the day? Well, they’re not only cost-efficient, but they’re also considered the best choice for the environment. | <urn:uuid:abb7523e-9f0c-4fb0-958d-b747f9775be5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://londonlovesbusiness.com/why-does-it-makes-financial-sense-to-buy-an-electric-company-car/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.956046 | 847 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Sorry, this page has moved! Please click here to go to the new location.
A key principle of Emergency Management is to prepare for all hazards, both natural and man-made, and to write plans that will allow for an effective response and recovery to the emergency conditions that remain unchanged across a broad base of hazards. Please see below for a profile of the hazards that are present in Orange County.
Making Orange County a safe, healthy, and fulfilling place to live, work, and play, today and for generations to come, by providing outstanding, cost-effective regional public services.
You Are Now Leaving the County of Orange Official Portal | <urn:uuid:3b146684-f21d-42c4-965f-400e6735a262> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ocparks.com/gov/sheriff/divisions/fieldops/security/emb/hazards.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00304-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935921 | 130 | 1.96875 | 2 |
May 16, 2006
Read 1 Chronicles 14
King Hiram's kindness to David; Philistines defeated;
Soon after establishing his capital in
On that day, David provided an inspiring psalm for his choir to sing. It still lifts our spirits as we worship our wonderful Lord. David proclaimed to the world: Give thanks unto the LORD, call upon His Name; make known His deeds among the people. . . . sing psalms unto Him, talk ye of all His wondrous works. . . . rejoice. . . . Be ye mindful always of His Covenant (Agreement); the Word which He commanded to a thousand generations. . . . Declare His glory among the heathen. . . . For great is the LORD, and greatly to be praised. . . . bring an offering, and come before Him: worship the LORD in the beauty of holiness. . . . The LORD reigneth (16:8-31). Is it any surprise that David was a man after God's own heart (I Samuel 13:14; Acts 13:22)? Yes, the Lord reigns. He is still Sovereign and the world needs to hear us praise the Lord and to talk of all His wondrous works.
David also stands out as a man of prayer; thus, we see the often-repeated phrase: David inquired of God (I Chronicles 14:10,14; note: I Samuel 23:2,4; 30:8; II Samuel 2:1; 5:19,23; 21:1). As a result of these basic, God-honoring characteristics, the fame of David went out into all lands; and the LORD brought the fear (respect) of him upon all nations (I Chronicles 14:17).
When we complain and are despondent it is truly a victory for Satan and an insult to God for we are demonstrating lack of faith in God's Word (Romans 8:28), as well as dissatisfaction with God and His will for our lives. It is a good thing to give thanks unto the LORD, and to sing praises unto Thy Name, O Most High: to shew forth (declare) Thy loving-kindness in the morning, and Thy faithfulness every night (Psalm 92:1-2).
Through David's fame and exaltation (I Chronicles 14:17). God highly exalted Christ, our Redeemer, and gave Him a Name which is above every name (Philippians 2:9-11).
14:13 spread themselves abroad =ade a hostile invasion.
Pray for The English International Shortwave Radio Broadcast sponsored by Bett Brown · Staff: Ilene Wallace · Government Officials: Rep. John Conyers, Jr. (MI), Rep. James Moran (VA), and Rep. Jon Porter (NE) · Country: Thailand (60 million) in Southeast Asia · Major languages: Thai and English · Limited freedom of Christian ministry; Buddhism is the state religion · 92% Buddhist; 4% Muslim; 2% Chinese folk-religionist; 1% Christian · Prayer Suggestion: If the words of God abide in you, whatever you ask in prayer, you will receive (John 15:7).
Memory Verse for the Week: Job 1:1 | <urn:uuid:33d7c6ce-070e-44f4-8c8b-ec12a57c50d7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.crosswalk.com/devotionals/biblepathways/bible-pathways-may-16-2006-1396901.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00162-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899105 | 670 | 1.78125 | 2 |
The politics of counting protests
Violent service delivery protests have dominated the news recently. South Africa has an extremely high rate of protests. Unsurprisingly, the media have focused largely on the increasing violence of these protests, but how accurate is this?
What is often not narrated are the great efforts many communities make to have their voices heard before resorting to protests. Further, what the South African Police Service (SAPS) refers to as “unrest-related protests” are increasing because more municipalities are manipulating the Regulation of Gatherings Act, which they administer, to make it more difficult to protest lawfully. In some cases, protests turn violent in response to police violence.
Yet these prior processes are often missed by journalists. A focus on violent protests without sufficient context could reinforce perceptions that violent protests are the expressive form of choice of an increasing number of poor people, which can lead to them being portrayed as inherently prone to criminality.
Property damage does not necessarily amount to violence, in that no one is injured or killed in such protests, yet journalists continue to repeat the chime “violent service delivery protests” even in cases where it is not warranted.
At a recent press conference on the protests, the University of Johannesburg’s South African Research Chair in Social Change distinguished between peaceful, disruptive and violent protests, making the point that though some protests may involve property destruction they do not necessarily involve violence.
Labelling protests as violent service delivery protests, when this description is inaccurate, and portraying them as being out of control, means police may feel justified in using more violent responses to them. A moral panic about protests could inadvertently make the case for more militarised policing responses.
Journalists often turn to “experts” to interpret the protests, but many commentators rely on the media for their analysis. This turns protest analysis into a self-reinforcing echo chamber. Protest barometers used by such commentators tend to rely on media reports to quantify protests.
There are methodological deficiencies here. Many protests remain unreported or, when they are reported, it is often because they have turned violent – and thus “newsworthy”. This skews barometer findings towards the protests that turn violent, and undercounts peaceful protests.
Another source of protest information is the annual data released by the ministry of police, which shows that 6 000 to 10 000 crowd-management incidents take place each year. This data includes both protests and gatherings, but some commentators have been too quick to assume that it refers to protests only, which leads to the number of protests being overstated. It has become commonplace to assert that South Africa has the highest rate of protests in the world, but there is no empirical basis to assert this – no common measure exists across countries.
Recent research into gatherings and protests in 12 municipalities around the country challenges these received notions. These municipalities were asked for their records of notifications sent by organisations intending to hold gatherings and protests in the past five years. The records provided rich raw data about who is protesting, about what, how these trends are changing over time, and municipal responses.
The data confirms a rise in protests. Of the seven municipalities analysed so far (Johannesburg, Lukhanji, Nelson Mandela Bay, Mbombela, Blue Crane, eThekwini and Makana), the number of protests doubled between 2009 and 2012.
The bulk of gatherings about which the municipalities were informed were protests: 1 048 out of 1 673 gatherings. Yet, of these gatherings, only 5% were prohibited. The vast majority were approved, so there were no concerns about the potential for violence, implying they probably took place without incident. Although protests were more likely to be prohibited than gatherings, service delivery protests were no more likely to be prohibited than any other form of protest, meaning they did not raise particular concerns for the municipalities.
Yet other major protest databases estimate the number of disruptive and violent protests to be much higher, and even the SAPS appears to be undercounting the number of protests, especially peaceful ones. The data sets do measure different things: the municipal data measures notifications of an intention to protest, though many protests did go ahead (cancellations are recorded too).
Other databases measure protests that have actually taken place and that municipalities may not have been informed about. The trick is to triangulate the data, which is not being done sufficiently, to the detriment of public understanding. The municipal data shows that journalists and commentators are too quick to assume that protests are only about service delivery. In the Blue Crane municipality, for instance, from 2009 to 2012, the single biggest reasons for protests was crime, especially abuse of women and children.
In 2013, protests about service delivery and unpopular councillors became more apparent. Apart from municipal service delivery, grievances in other areas include industrial and wage disputes (the largest category of protests), crime, corruption, land redistribution, the state of education and health services, and poor representation by officials.
The data also provides information on shifting political trends. The ANC alliance still dominates the protest space, especially in smaller towns, but it is gradually losing its “share”.
A growing diversity of protests appeared from 2011 onwards: this year of the controversial local government elections saw the ANC imposing unpopular candidates and branches rebelling. The data shows that this problem still remains a source of considerable grievance, especially in the Eastern Cape.
The shifts since 2011 show that more residents attempted to find their voices independently of existing organisations and outside the formal channels, suggesting that ward committees are failing to resolve ward grievances.
A case in point is the Lukhanji municipality, which incorporates Queenstown. In 2008, the Anti-Privatisation Forum (APF) was very active, holding protests on an impressive array of issues. This suggested that the APF was an important voice for a range of grievances; it also took a stand against xenophobia. But this voice disappeared after 2009, when the APF in Queenstown was closed because it was not properly constituted.
After that, the ANC and the Congress of South African Trade Unions dominated the protest space. In 2012, however, independent community protests reappeared. This suggests that some communities decided to act independently of the alliance structures, but because of the APF’s closure there was no alternative organisation to turn to.
In Makana, there is evidence of ANC alliance organisations protesting, but communities there are more likely to protest in their own names, suggesting higher levels of independent organisation there.
In Mbombela and Blue Crane, many of the protests were held by alliance partners until 2011, when there is evidence of different wards taking to the streets to express dissatisfaction with inappropriate councillors. In fact, protesters in the troubled town of Cookhouse complained about the media misrepresenting their struggle as related to service delivery, which allowed the municipality and the ANC to ignore the underlying grievances to do with councillors. Since 2011, Cookhouse has seen more protests. These culminated in a march in 2013, co-convened by a new organisation called the Civil Social Movement, showing that community discontent was coalescing into a more organised form. Yet it is also clear that these protests are not co-ordinated across municipalities, remaining localised.
Violent service delivery protests are a growing feature of the political landscape. But there must be balance and proportion in the public debate, backed by empirical research. Many on the political left would like to read a pre-revolutionary environment into the protests, which increases the temptation to talk them up.
Overstating levels of organisation, however, can lead to overconfidence and ultimately poor political strategy, followed by disillusionment.
The security cluster has a vested interest in talking up the protests too – to justify more resources and greater repression. Keen to see the balance of power shift, even well-meaning commentators must be careful not to play into the hands of the state and its increasingly violent police.
Quantifying the protests accurately is not an academic exercise: lives may depend on it.
Professor Jane Duncan works in the school of journalism and media studies at Rhodes University. This article is the first in a two-part series on protests and freedom of assembly, based on research funded by the Open Society Foundation for South Africa, undertaken with the assistance of Andrea Royeppen, Lehlohonolo Majoro and a team led by Derek Luyt. | <urn:uuid:1aaf89a5-55b5-474a-9056-c898cbea807f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mg.co.za/article/2014-04-16-the-politics-of-counting-protests | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00167-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966928 | 1,712 | 2.34375 | 2 |
More than two dozen counties in California are labeled as natural disaster areas because of the amount of damage and loss caused by extreme drought.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture designated 27 counties statewide; including Alameda, Alpine, Amador, Calaveras, Contra Costa, El Dorado, Merced, Monterey, Sacramento, San Joaquin, Stanislaus and Tuolumne.
Farmers and other “agricultural operators” in these counties may qualify for low-interest emergency loans from the USDA’s Farm Service Agency. Counties that border one of the disaster counties also qualify for some natural disaster assistance.
Farmers and ranches in disaster counties have eight months from the date of declaration to apply for assistance to cover part of their actual losses.
To find more information, contact the county Farm Service Agency Office, or online at www.usda.gov/ca. | <urn:uuid:c6a03e76-32ad-4abf-8fd2-a1bf55babef0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://fox40.com/2014/01/16/27-california-counties-qualify-for-drought-related-assistance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00571-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918385 | 187 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Examples of doppler and ultrasonic measurement in OR:
Blood velocity in peripheral veins- vascular surgery
Detection of air embolims
return-to-flow systolic blood pressure
Cardiac output- (transtracheal/transesophageal) pulmoary artery or aortic root
What are the two types of transtracheal and esophageal doppler? what equation is this based on?
Continuous wave- measures velocity of blood flow (v)
Gated- diameter of aortic root or pulmonary artery (A=pi*d)
What are the limitation of doppler measurement?
based on blood flow in descending aorta will not be accurate bc doesn't account for blood to head
blood flow may not be accurate if turbulent
probe placement contraindication with esoph or coagulopathy
not tolerated in non intubated pt's
What is transcranial doppler used for? what does it measure?
emboli detection during carotid surgery and CPB, useful in detecting brain death
temporal bone to basilar arteries
Contactless Heart monitoring:
doppler aimed at should and neck to calculate CO
What is the FICK EQUATION for CO determination?
*VO2 O2 consumption
*CaO2 O2 arterial content
*CvO2 mixed venous blood
measured by dilution or direct venous vs arterial measurement of O2
What is approximate O2 consumption?
Dye-dilution method also known as _______ ____________ ___________. Bolus injection of _________ ______or _________ _________ into __ _______, followed by continuous withdrawal of arterial blood. Commonly used- T or F? what is required to use this method?
Indicator dilution method of CO measurement is performed using ____ or ___. _____ ___ ______ of the volume is ____. requires adequate ______, no ____ __ _______, non-_______.
D5W or NS
rate of change
Mixing, loss of indicator, toxic
_____ gained by _______ = Heat _____ from ______. how amny should be performed and averaged?
What equation is used to determine thermodilution?
with thermodilution a small curve means ____ ______.
In the 3rd stewart hamilton equation given, what is K2? Why is this used?
computation constant that includes heat change in transit, dead space of catheter, and injection rate. adjusts units to liters per min.
Considers inadvertant warming of fluid through tube.
Example question. Using thermodilution, is monitor is set to read 10ml of fluid injectate and you give 5ml, what will be the result?
CO will read erroneously high
What is the difference in the K1 factor of Normal saline and D5W?
1.102 and 1.08
F = ? (thermodilution equation number 398 :( )
empiric factor employed to correct for heat transfer through injection catheter
modified stewart hamilton?
CO= (Vi(Tb-Ti))/(integral change in blood temp) * k
What can influence thermodiltion accuracy?
tricuspid/pulmonic valve regurg
inadequate delivery of indicator
clot or fibrin thermistor malfunction
PA blood temp fluctuations (CPB or IV admin)
resp cycle influences
What should the diff btw injectate and blood temp be to be accurate? What else should be done to ensure accuracy?
don't slow IV after injection and before reading (false low)
vent cycling can change venous return *go for repeatability
Electrocaudery may interfere with signal
Thermodilution accuracy is operator dependent and one should aim for ___________ and ______________. 5% is good goal but most measurements range from ____ to _____.
accuracy and repeatability
_______ IV fluid with give more accurate thermo reading.
warms blood with a filament, then temp diff measured.
Transpulmonary Thermodilution uses a ___- ______ artery but also requires a central line. Usually used in ____.
What type of CO measurement uses electrodes?
Impedence cardiography factors _____ and _____ into measurement. What are some problems with this method? | <urn:uuid:6f443fb5-c73d-48bb-b4b0-ff0d9e123e8e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.freezingblue.com/flashcards/print_preview.cgi?cardsetID=224777 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00499-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.846832 | 931 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Washington, 27 December 1999 (RFE/RL) - Twenty years ago today, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan, a case of imperial overreach which led not only to the demise of the Soviet Union but to the continuing turmoil in and around Afghanistan itself.
On this date in 1979, Leonid Brezhnev dispatched Soviet troops into Afghanistan in the name of the doctrine which bears his name: the defense of territories on which Soviet-backed governments had proclaimed the establishment of socialism.
Over the next eight years, Soviet forces garrisoned the cities of that country but never succeeded in establishing effective control over these cities at night or over the countryside at any time -- despite using massive force and inflicting enormous casualties on the Afghan population.
Instead, after losing more than 15,000 soldiers at the hands of the Afghan resistance, the Soviet military was withdrawn by Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, a decision that left both Afghan and Soviet bloc societies transformed.
Having lost most of its middle class and many of its most skilled leaders, Afghanistan reverted in many ways to its past, looking to tribal and religious leaders who were deeply suspicious not only of the Soviet forces they had defeated but of the West which had supported them.
Out of that cauldron has emerged the Taliban, a movement of xenophobic radicals whose Islamist vocabulary has led many to view them as part of a broader Islamic resurgence but whose medieval approach offended even those whom others classed as Islamic fundamentalists.
But the impact of the Soviet invasion of and, even more, withdrawal from Afghanistan was far greater on the Soviet bloc. For the first time since the Russian revolution, Moscow had failed to defeat an enemy on an allied territory.
On the one hand, this very public retreat caused many of those who were then under Moscow's domination to begin to imagine that Soviet power might not be eternal and that they could seriously hope to win their independence.
And on the other, this retreat undermined the loyalty of many Russians to the Soviet system because it suggested to them that Soviet leaders might choose to fight the wrong wars or to lose those conflicts they had become embroiled with.
Those Russians who concluded that the Soviet system would almost inevitably choose to fight the wrong wars gradually filled the ranks of the Russian democratic movement which contributed so much to the demise of the USSR.
Those Russians who concluded that Moscow would not win the wars it did get involved with and thus undermine what was for them the foundation of Soviet power also became anti-Soviet but in the name of a broader and more traditional Russian nationalism.
Together, these three forces -- the Afghan Taliban, Russian democracy, and Russian nationalism -- have helped to define the course of development across Eurasia and hence across the world for most of the last two decades.
But today, the Soviet invasion of and retreat from Afghanistan serve another function and have become a not so distant mirror reflecting Moscow's ongoing military operations in Chechnya.
The similarities between the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and the Russian invasion of Chechnya are striking. Just like 20 years ago, Moscow has dispatched overwhelming military force against a population that is overwhelmingly opposed to Russian domination.
Just like 20 years ago, Moscow is capable of controlling particular sites but not winning either the acquiescence of support of the local population.
And just like 20 years ago, the Russian forces are destroying the most modern elements of a Muslim society and thus opening the way to more radical ones.
But if the similarities are obvious, so too are the differences. Unlike 20 years ago, the international community overwhelmingly accepts Russian claims of a right to rule over the Chechens and their territory. In the case of Afghanistan, the West backed the resistance in a variety of ways.
Unlike 20 years ago, the Chechens are far fewer in number and have few supporters beyond their borders. And also unlike 20 years ago, the Russian people overwhelmingly support what their government is doing; indeed, many favor an even more Draconian approach.
Because of these differences, most people in both Russia and the West assume that Moscow will achieve its goals in Chechnya, albeit via the most brutal means and at the cost of its relations with the West, at least for the short term.
But because of these similarities, ever more people -- particularly on this anniversary -- are beginning to recognize that the outcome of Russia's invasion of Chechnya could be very different than most now expect.
Should that prove to be the case, it would almost certainly entail even more fateful consequences for Chechnya, the current Russian regime and Russia itself than did Moscow's failed involvement in Afghanistan two decades ago. | <urn:uuid:d95e009d-e4ab-41fb-8e75-41ddd2f680e8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rferl.org/a/1092963.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00313-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966343 | 928 | 2.984375 | 3 |
About the Book
Yee–hah! It's rodeo time!
Bareback bronc riding, barrel racing, calf roping, the livestock show, the fiddling contest, and don't forget lunch –– how are Katie and Cameron going to fit it all in and still have time to help their uncle, Cactus Joe, with chores? By making a schedule, of course. But making a schedule and sticking to it turn out to be two very different things!
Educator and Librarian Resources
- ISBN: 9780060557799
- ISBN 10: 0060557796
- Imprint: HarperCollins
- On Sale: 02/28/2006
- Trimsize: 10 (w) x 8 (h) x 0 (d)
- Pages: 40
- List Price: 5.99 USD
- Ages: 6 to 10
- BISAC1: JUVENILE NONFICTION / Mathematics / General
- BISAC2: JUVENILE FICTION / Concepts / General
- BISAC3: JUVENILE FICTION / Concepts / Date & Time | <urn:uuid:ece3ff4b-97c1-48e0-b7bc-ed3c4fc3c82f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.harpercollins.com/9780060557799/rodeo-time | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00447-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.772226 | 241 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Interesting comparisons for the two North American cap-and-trade programs can be found in the document released by California Air Resources Board titled ‘Proposed Amendments to the California Cap on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Market-Based Compliance Mechanisms to Allow for the Use of Compliance Instruments Issued by Linked Jurisdictions, Staff Report: Initial Statement of Reasons’ of 9 May 2012.
The basic parameters indicated in the said document (available at www.arb.ca.gov) in brief are as follows:
Baseline year – 1990
Like California, Quebec requires the authorities to establish a 2020 GHG emissions level for Québec relative to a 1990 emissions baseline.
Emissions thresholds for inclusion
Emissions thresholds for inclusion are identical for both programs. Québec and California each adopted two levels of emissions thresholds: 25,000 MTCO2e and 10,000 MTCO2e. At the level of 25,000 MTCO2e emissions per year or greater, each jurisdiction requires reporting entities to meet rigorous reporting requirements (e.g., annual reporting, specific reporting methods, third party verification, accuracy requirements).
Québec‘s program, similar to California covers the same 7 GHGs listed in AB 32; carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), and nitrogen trifluoride (NF3).
As a result for determining if the 25,000 MTCO2e threshold is met, Québec includes emissions from all six Kyoto Protocol gases, plus nitrogen trifluoride (NF3), but excludes any CO2 emissions from combustion and fermentation of biomass and biofuels. California includes CO2, CH4, and N2O emissions from sources explicitly specified in the GHG reporting regulation.
Currently, Québec does not cover biomethane and geothermal emissions in its GHG reporting regulation because there is no presence of these sources in the province. Although these emissions are required to be reported under the California reporting regulation, both are exempt from California‘s cap-and-trade program. In addition, Québec‘s reporting regulation does not cover CO2 suppliers, but oil and gas production sources are required to report. Beginning in 2015, all fuels are covered under the cap.
Facilities with 10,000 to 25,000 MTCO2e of annual emissions are also required to report their emissions under both programs, to monitor for leakage of facilities that are close to the cap-and-trade threshold requirements.
California and Québec regulators assume that one feature that must be identical in both programs is the quarterly auction. This will enable joint auctions in the regional cap-and-trade program. Provisions that must be identical in policy and practice cover requirements regarding eligibility for auction participation, publication of auction-related information, process for tie breaks in an auction, settlement for an auction, purchase limits by auction participant type, bidding process, dates for auctions, and financial requirements. A single auction provider and a single compliance instrument tracking system that will facilitate a joint auction for California and Québec are also envisioned.
The two programs are proposing the same holding limits. | <urn:uuid:b598ce93-6faa-4dfd-a814-f0466c3a32cc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://emissions-euets.com/california-cap-and-trade/909-california-cap-and-trade/california-cap-and-trade/222-california-and-quebec-cap-and-trade-programs-linking-implications-for-linkages-design | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.90987 | 690 | 2.203125 | 2 |
There is a lot of stray voltage pouring out of the mass media about alleged collusion between some members of the Trump campaign and Russians. And much harrumphing about how Presidents Trump and Putin had not one but two extended private conversations while at the G-20.
Enter the United States Congress grandstanding on Russia and overwhelmingly passing, by veto-proof majorities, legislation to inhibit the president from lifting sanctions if he deems it appropriate. The Democrats, and some Washington Insiders, are using claims of collusion between Trump campaign operatives and Russian operatives to undermine Trump’s legitimacy. Some Republicans are using Russia to demonstrate their toughness.
Some say Russia is acting like a thug. I say it's acting like a cornered bear. Memo to the Congress: To quote that great American social philosopher Oliver Hardy, "Well, here's another nice kettle of fish you've pickled me in!"
Politics ain’t beanbag and Trump is nobody’s patsy. He is quick with a counter-punch, maybe even a little over-enthusiastically. Beyond the political brawl, though, America’s real interests and real values have been taken hostage and Trump is in the right here. Congress has gone off half-cocked.
As H.L. Mencken pointed out in 1918, “the whole aim of practical politics is to keep the populace alarmed (and hence clamorous to be led to safety) by menacing it with an endless series of hobgoblins, most of them imaginary.” Our practical politicians, intent on keeping the populace alarmed, are intent on making Russia the “imaginary hobgoblin” du jour.
This is badly misplaced and prejudices American interests and values.
To which I have never traveled and with which, full disclosure, I have no ties beyond a casual social acquaintance or two.
A few words for Russia. With Love.
Trump wants to normalize relations with Russia. He campaigned on that and has a mandate for it. Trump is on the side of the angels on this one. Much better to have our old ally from what we call World War II and they call the Great Patriotic War as a friend than an enemy.
Our old ally’s infractions should not be tolerated. That said, they should be treated with proportionality.
During the Cold War, I was a fervent anti-communist and stood, and worked, in solidarity with Reagan in his characterization of the Soviet Union as the Evil Empire. That said, my animus was entirely toward communism, not Russia. I have long been, and remain, an unrepentant Russophile.
Yes, Russians can be mystifying. As Churchill said in his famous broadcast of October 1, 1939:
I cannot forecast to you the action of Russia. It is a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma; but perhaps there is a key. That key is Russian national interest. It cannot be in accordance with the interest of the safety of Russia that Germany should plant itself upon the shores of the Black Sea, or that it should overrun the Balkan States and subjugate the Slavonic peoples of south eastern Europe. That would be contrary to the historic life-interests of Russia.
Russians have some foibles. They can be overbearing, suspicious, and have a proclivity for the covert. These, currently, are modest enough. Trigger warning: We Americans have a few foibles of our own. I find the Russians -- from Moscow to the farthest reaches of Siberia -- I encounter consistently charming, lugubriously sentimental, romantically heroic, and sublimely cultured.
Russia is the Grand Opera of nations.
Less poetically, Russia does not represent a clear and present danger to America. Yet total war can be blundered into, as evidenced by World War I, and so it behooves us to explore an opportunity for a friendship here. For profit and pleasure and, yes, all the better to occasionally whisper into Russian ears blandishments to help them modulate their excesses. Maybe these romantically heroic people can help us modulate our own excesses.
Russia ardently wishes to be seated at the Cool Kids Lunch Table, where I have a place of honor reserved for them. I contend that it will, if not made to feel bullied, behave so as to be welcome. It is in our own self-interest to stop Hippie-Punching Russia.
As I wrote here, 60% of Republican primary voters voted for one of the three Reaganesque “tough dove” candidates -- Trump, Cruz and Paul. Trump was the toughest-doviest of them all and got the nomination, based, in part, on that stance.
As nominee, Tough Dove Trump went on to beat the tough talking Hillary Clinton, who, as Democratic nominee, showed a horrifying propensity to rekindle the Forever War in the Middle East and reinsert America back into that quagmire. Mrs. Clinton also took a rhetorically bellicose stance toward Russia, gratuitously antagonizing Putin by, while Secretary of State, comparing him to Hitler, the worst insult imaginable. Some diplomat!
Clinton lost, lost on the demerits of her positions on peace, prosperity, and social policy.
Not because of election tampering.
Trump was and is right that NATO’s main mission is obsolete and that it deserves to be largely repurposed to fight against the revanchists -- Daesh, a/k/a ISIS -- who use terror in a tormented effort to restore the Caliphate. NATO originally was designed to contain the Soviet Union which, then with around 4 million formidably equipped troops, represented a clear and present danger to Europe, and, then with something like 40,000 live nuclear weapons, to America.
Now Russia has an estimated fewer than 2,000 deployed nuclear warheads, about the same as us. Still a concern. Yet we’re no longer at DEFCON 1 and, really, I don’t want to go back to that. Do you?
Yes, we need to maintain a meaningful, entirely defensive, European-American alliance so our friends in Poland and the Baltics, for example, are not, and do not feel, abandoned ... without making Russia feel threatened with possible aggression. That's a comparative grace note for the Cold War artifact that is NATO.
The West won the Cold War. The hideous Berlin Wall fell. Germany reunified. This is the most powerful symbol of the liberation of captive nations of Eastern Europe, once called Soviet satellites. Then, 25 years ago last Christmas, the USSR peacefully dissolved itself into fifteen independent nations.
It was as if the United States had split itself into 50 independent states, each far less formidable than the United States. Times change. The USSR is long gone. Let's get with it.
The Russian Federation is the geographically largest of those constituent republics. It, the geographically largest country in the world, is almost twice the physical size of the USA with a population of less than half that of ours. This provides far more territory to defend with only half of the population to defend it. The Russian Federation now has around 1M active duty troops, costing it about $70B a year. Those armed forces are stretched terribly thin protecting the homeland.
America has about 1.3M in active military service, without having to protect its homeland due to oceans and docile neighbors, costing about $600B year. NATO members, including the US, have around 3.5 million military personnel (at a cost of $900B). Encircled, outnumbered, vastly outspent and sanctioned the Russians feel vulnerable and defensive.
The Russians have other reasons for feeling vulnerable. This is not just a mathematical exercise in correlation of forces. The Russian "suspicion foible" is well grounded in history. It’s not just that the Russian Federation is vastly outnumbered and outspent. Russia has been invaded by Western European powers three times in contemporary history: once by Sweden, in 1707, once by France, in 1812, and once by Germany, in 1941.
That is on top of the invasion of the Rus by the Mongols, in the 13th century, leading to a brutal exploitation that lasted nearly three centuries. That's longer than the United States has been a nation. That's a long time.
All that may seem like ancient history to the evanescent American mind.
Memories are longer in the Old World. Understandably so.
Imagine how we might feel if America had been invaded four times in 800 years and dominated by a foreign conqueror for a more than quarter of that. This history, of which too few Americans are aware, might help grasp the Russian perspective... without exonerating their overreactions.
So, at least for our own sake, let's grasp the shrewd Churchill’s key: "Russian national interest.” This is not a counsel of connivance at authoritarianism. Rather the opposite.
When a nation feels threatened it has a propensity to turn to the Strong Man and to cede him latitude. Consider America turning to George W. Bush in the wake of 9/11 and the latitude we gave him, based on false pretenses or flimsy misinformation, to wage a war that had catastrophic humanitarian consequences and squandered trillions of dollars that would have been better spent on rebuilding our roads, bridges, tunnels, airports, aqueducts and pipelines and supporting our own economy.
Trump, love him or hate him, has been outspoken on this, clearly and unflinchingly. As reported by The American Conservative opining on Trump’s speech before a Joint Session of Congress:
“America has spent approximately six trillion dollars in the Middle East,” Trump observed. As media personalities like to say, that’s trillion with a T. The sums expended pursuant to U.S. military misadventures in that part of the world are so gargantuan, Trump continued, that “we could have rebuilt our country—twice. And maybe even three times….”
A tad hyperbolic? Perhaps, but given that the words were spoken in a building that rings with mind-boggling hyperbole on a daily basis, the judgment comes close enough to the facts to pass muster as essentially accurate.
The more America makes foreign nations feel squeezed, insecure, belittled and even bullied the more they are likely to turn to a “strong man,” authoritarian, figure. The more latitude the people will give him to get tough both at home and abroad. This principle applies, if less strongly, even to authoritarian governments.
People are similar the world around. By-and-large we prefer butter to guns. That said, we will choose guns if we feel threatened. All things being equal, national leaders prefer to keep their people happy or at least mollified. Let's, Trump seems to say and I believe, tip Russia toward butter.
The forward path to spreading classical liberalism -- Jefferson’s “empire of Liberty” -- is through soft power: ideas, culture, and the example of free-market-based prosperity. America has something like 800 military bases in 70 countries. The Russian Federation: ten, mostly small and mostly in former USSR constituent republics. America has 11 aircraft carrier groups. Russia has one old, Soviet era craft. As President Obama, love him or hate him, mostly correctly observed, America spends as much on its military as the next eight countries combined. Six of them our allies.
That's a lot of military for an era with a long time since the last war between industrialized nations. Some folks might find us ... intimidating. Is intimidation really that which America wishes to project?
An expensive hobby. Enter Trump, who said: No!
Special note to my incredulous libertarian friends, to whom I made some comments along these lines on a panel moderated by the wonderful Jon Basil Utley at the most recent FreedomFest. America is the Good Guys. (Which does not make Russia the Bad Guys.)
America never sought world domination and has not demonstrated imperialistic ambitions, not for over a century. We reluctantly engaged in the “Great War,” World War I, in the context of the fall of the five Empires that then governed most of the world's population: Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, Chinese, Russian, and British.
We won. Instead of "making the world safe for (representative) democracy" we then encountered tyrants breeding in the ruins of Empire. So, we reluctantly entered WWII -- “the Great Patriotic War” -- to defeat the tyrants of the West and of imperial Japan: Hitler, Mussolini, Tojo. We won and implanted classical liberal republicanism in Western Europe and Japan. And dismantled the British empire.
We diffidently fought the tyrants of the East in WWIII, the “Cold War,” breaking heroically hot in Korea, Vietnam, and with American support, but not troops, at last fatally to the USSR: Afghanistan. We won, then mostly implanted classical liberal republicanism in the former satellites and constituent republics. In victory we moved the metropoles, Moscow and Beijing, from totalitarian to authoritarian.
That’s a very big deal indeed. Hooray, us! But when the USSR dissolved itself we kind of got left holding the bag of world hegemony, a bag we never sought (and very expensive to own). Trump gets that America does not desire World Domination.
Americans just want to make money. World Domination, Brain, is a really expensive hobby.
We liberty-minded Americans built up our own Big Government to take down even bigger, sometimes monstrous, governments. It was a heroic epoch and we should respect ourselves, and the leaders we anointed, for undertaking a heroic fight against tyranny.
Game over! Now we can build down the government to the just right size for peace. Big Government served its purpose of taking down Bigger Government. It did so, heroically.
Now that we've won, thank you very much, we-the-people will take our power and money back. That epoch is over and the election of Trump is one of the markers of that.
Yes, let’s take a small fraction of the overdue peace dividend and build monumental statues to the epic heroes of the 100-year War in which we heroically stood against imperialism and tyranny to spread the empire of Liberty around the world.
Then let's spend most of that dividend on butter: marginal tax rate cuts, infrastructure, health care, whatnot.
Except... our current politicos are propagating the imaginary hobgoblin of a long-gone adversary. Pshaw.
Trump hasn’t fallen for the vilification of Russia. Neither should we.
The imaginary hobgoblin of Russia is the subtext behind the Congress’s effort to handcuff Trump on the matter of lifting sanctions. Trump, who does not present as particularly mellow and is vividly intolerant of being played for a chump, is unlikely to be tolerant of Russian shenanigans. In this matter, at least, we are in good hands.
Trump has shown himself something of a political Houdini. Still, Congress attempting to shackle him on sanctions is just wrong. It's against American interests -- making money -- and values -- peace.
One treats the sins of a friend differently than those of a foe. Russia is a great candidate for friend and its infractions should be treated with due proportionality. Also, let's not imagine sins not in evidence. "Imaginary hobgoblins" and all that.
In fact, let’s get on -- as this last election showed America yearns to do -- with the political consequences of the peace.
Where to begin?
How about Russia? | <urn:uuid:e148e50f-2e06-4185-b010-8928d062f385> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.forbes.com/sites/ralphbenko/2017/07/27/for-russia-with-love-trump-is-right-and-the-congress-is-wrong-about-sanctions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.952476 | 3,301 | 1.5 | 2 |
Ladybug - an even faster tool written in java for portability
Nitpick is a tool for analyzing software specifications. Like a model checker, it is fully automatic, and generates counterexamples when claims about a specification do not hold. Unlike most model checkers though, Nitpick is designed for specifications that involve data structures.
Its specification language NP is, roughly, a subset of Z. It is strictly first-order: there are no functions over functions, for example. NP has schema structuring, like Z, so specification fragments can be composed with conjunction. Unlike Z, claims about a specification are written in the specification language itself; there's no extra meta language to learn.
Nitpick performs elementary syntax and type checking on NP specifications. It can simulate schemas by generating examples of states satisfying an invariant, or transitions of an operation. It can check claims about a specification (such as that an operation preserves an invariant), and generates counterexamples when a claim is found not to hold. By employing a variety of reduction mechanisms, Nitpick examines millions of cases in seconds.
Nitpick/NP has been applied to a variety of small case studies and has been used in course projects in the masters of software engineering program at CMU.
More information about Nitpick
Obtaining Nitpick executables and the NP reference manual
Some publications about Nitpick
For more information, contact firstname.lastname@example.org
Nitpick was brought to you by:
School of Computer Science
Carnegie Mellon University | <urn:uuid:be2fc958-b908-465d-8ac1-9038c3e36028> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~nitpick/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00487-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89901 | 316 | 2.359375 | 2 |
1. .
The instrument used to measure viscosity and gel strength of drilling mud. The direct-indicating viscometer is a rotational cylinder and bob instrument, also known as a V-G meter. Two speeds of rotation, 300 and 600 rpm, are available in all instruments, but some are 6- or variable-speed. It is called "direct-indicating" because at a given speed, the dial reading is a true centipoise viscosity. For example, at 300 rpm, the dial reading (511 sec-1) is a true viscosity. Bingham plastic rheological parameters are easily calculated from direct-indicating viscometer readings: PV (in units of cP) = 600 dial - 300 dial and YP (in units of lbm/100 ft2) = 300 dial - PV. Gel strength is also directly read as dial readings in oilfield units of lbm/100 ft2.
Synonyms: Fann viscometer | <urn:uuid:9ffca43e-6e6f-4e0e-9e0d-8b650fd35175> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://glossary.slb.com/ja-jp/terms/d/direct-indicating_viscometer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.920729 | 207 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Two American political scientists, Christopher H. Achen and Larry M. Bartels, showed in a 2004 paper that 2.8 million voters cast their ballots against Al Gore in 2000 because of poor weather in their states (p.29). Woodrow Wilson's 1918 presidential campaign was jeopardized because of shark attacks along the beaches of New Jersey. Picking up on the theme in an article in The New Yorker that appeared at about the same time, Louis Menand makes reference to an earlier commenter:
"The typical citizen drops down to a lower level of mental performance as soon as he enters the political field," the economic theorist Joseph Schumpeter wrote, in 1942. "He argues and analyzes in a way which he would readily recognize as infantile within the sphere of his real interests. He becomes a primitive again. His thinking is associative and affective."
Menand goes on to note:
The most widely known fact about George H. W. Bush in the 1992 election was that he hated broccoli. Eighty-six per cent of likely voters in that election knew that the Bushes’ dog’s name was Millie; only fifteen per cent knew that Bush and Clinton both favored the death penalty.
Achen and Bartels conclude their article on a note of deep pessimism. Their study, they write,
questions the ability of ordinary citizens to assess their public life critically, listen to the proposals for change coming from contenders for public office, and then choose between the candidates in accordance with their own values. Like most survey researchers who have talked extensively to real voters, we believe that few such citizens exist. The present paper is one more item of evidence. The central fact about democracies is that the voters understand little beyond their own and their community’s pain and pleasure, and they think about causes and effects as the popular culture advises them to think. The romantic vision of thoughtful democratic participation in the common life is largely mythical. Democracy must be defended some other way, if it is to be defended at all. [emphasis mine --DD]
The current view of the average or "mass" voter might well be rooted in a pivotal article published in 1964 by Philip Converse, "The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics." In it, using data available at the time, he argued that only 10% of the voting population (whom he termed "ideologues") had a coherent, "constrained" set of political beliefs. "Constraint" refers to the degree to which holding one political position allows us to predict other positions. Those whose beliefs are constrained are not likely, to give a Canadian example, to support massive cuts to the public service and an increase in public services at the same time. But we know that both positions have been very popular indeed among the "mass public."
Converse has not been without his critics. J.H. Wray*, for example, believed that he greatly exaggerated the gap between the elite and the mass publics. Converse held the view that college graduates would have more coherent political beliefs, but Wray used statistical techniques on Converse's national sample data, and found very little actual difference. And he made a key point: "An irony of 'The Nature of Belief Systems in Mass Publics' is that it tells us so little about the nature of belief systems in mass publics."
As it happens, Converse, in retrospect, was inclined to agree. Answering Wray, fifteen years after his original paper appeared**, he conceded:
[A]s a Wray quotation or two make clear, I mistakenly assumed that measures of education, political information, ideology or political sophistication would all be sufficiently correlated that any one of them would be a reasonable proxy variable to produce the kind of discriminations being discussed. What has turned out in the interim is that while educational differences fail to yield much of the expected discrimination in constraint as statically measured or in attitude stability as longitudinally measured, measures of political involvement tend, with much greater reliability, to show discriminations in the expected direction, and often quite large ones.
In other words, those who are more politically involved tend to have more coherent political beliefs. Speaking as someone who is not a political scientist, my impulse at this point is likely a "mass" one: "Well, duh."
And yet we aren't out of the woods: we still have vox populi to deal with. In the absence of interest or involvement in politics, weather and hair style might well be deciding matters. We recall how a single media image of Robert Stanfield flubbing a catch may have sealed his political fate:
In the 1974 election, a photographer snapped a picture of Stanfield fumbling a football on an airport tarmac. It served to depict him as clumsy and inept, despite the fact he had been firing perfect spirals to a reporter for several minutes before the errant toss came his way.
People are susceptible to media images and soundbites at election time. This sort of thing forms part of the non-political calculus by which they make their decisions. It's not that the reasons for their choice are necessarily irrational or stupid: they simply aren't political.
And it gets worse. A recent paper by two more political scientists deals with political misperceptions--"Obama is a Muslim," for example, or "Saddam had WMDs." It turns out that correcting these misperceptions is a Herculean task. Not only do corrections often fail to fix things: they can actually increase misperceptions. Especially amongst conservatives.
Ah, yes, political conservatism, dealt with exhaustively by John T. Jost et al. here (p.369):
Variables significantly associated with conservatism, we now know, include fear and aggression (Adorno et al., 1950; Altemeyer, 1998; Lavine et al., 1999), dogmatism and intolerance of ambiguity (Fibert & Ressler, 1998; Frenkel-Brunswik, 1948; Rokeach, 1960)uncertainty avoidance (McGregor et al., 2001; Sorrentino & Roney, 1986; Wilson, 1973b), need for cognitive closure (Golec, 2001; Jost et al., 1999; Kemmelmeier, 1997; Kruglanski & Webster, 1996), personal need for structure (Altemeyer, 1998; Schaller et al., 1995; Smith & Gordon, 1998), terror management (Dechesne et al., 2000; Greenberg et al., 1990, 1992; Wilson, 1973d), group-based dominance (Pratto et al., 1994; Sidanius, 1993; Sidanius & Pratto, 1999), and system justification (Jost & Banaji, 1994; Jost et al., 2001; Jost & Thompson, 2000).
Heh. We knew that. But it doesn't make our task any easier.
What task? Well, if we aren't going to give up on democracy altogether, cynically exploiting the masses' alleged fixation on trivial and irrelevant matters, we need to look at an alternative kind of politics. To begin with, perhaps the notion of polarized positions, as Morris Fiorina (cited by Menand) suggests in his book Culture War? The Myth of a Polarized America, is a polarization of elite, not popular, opinion. As he puts it, "The simple truth is that there is no culture war in the United States—no battle for the soul of America rages, at least none that most Americans are aware of."
Indeed, this would conform to the opinions already noted that most voters are not motivated by actual political issues. While we might still be confronted by conservative values, then, at least we may not have to penetrate the wall of conservative politics. We face, in other words, a social challenge, not a political one.
Menand himself concludes the same thing: that voting is social, not political:
Fiorina quotes a passage from the political scientist Robert Putnam: “Most men are not political animals. The world of public affairs is not their world. It is alien to them—possibly benevolent, more probably threatening, but nearly always alien. Most men are not interested in politics. Most do not participate in politics.”
Man [sic] may not be a political animal, but he is certainly a social animal. Voters do respond to the cues of commentators and campaigners, but only when they can match those cues up with the buzz of their own social group. Individual voters are not rational calculators of self-interest (nobody truly is), and may not be very consistent users of heuristic shortcuts, either. But they are not just random particles bouncing off the walls of the voting booth. Voters go into the booth carrying the imprint of the hopes and fears, the prejudices and assumptions of their family, their friends, and their neighbors. For most people, voting may be more meaningful and more understandable as a social act than as a political act.It would be a mistake, however, to leave matters thus. The underlying notion in all this is that the general public doesn't care about the real issues, or is even incapable of caring, and votes accordingly. But one shouldn't take this as irremediable ignorance, foolishness or incapacity. It is, first and foremost, indicative of alienation from present-day politics, from a system that encourages public participation only for a very short period every few years.
People might be forgiven for taking the view that no matter who they vote for, the government gets elected. Why learn about the issues? Why delve into the politics that surrounds even what directly affects them? The day after the election it's back to normal, as though nothing had happened. Do they have any more say in things? Will the promises of the day be kept? (Hands up, all those who think that we're really out of Afghanistan in 2011 if Harper is returned with a majority.)
If Converse's truism is accepted--that the more politically involved one is, the more coherent the political worldview, although he doesn't address a possible chicken-and-egg problem here--then it seems to me that we need a different kind of politics, one that is involving and that operates on a daily basis, if people are going to be interested enough to take politics not only seriously but politically. To be so, politics needs to be rewarding: not in the big-party sense of offering the spoils of war to assorted party hacks and camp-followers, but in the sense of ordinary people not only having the power to make a real difference, every day, but knowing they have it.
That may well call for re-placing parliamentary politics in a larger, as yet uncreated context, rather making it the exclusive, distant centre of our political attention. Perhaps we need a radical re-shifting of power to the local from the remote core, and/or numerous new mechanisms to make government accountable on a continual basis, mechanisms that ordinary citizens can easily access.
At the very least the present estrangement of citizens from their current political system calls for wide public discussion of a kind we've never had. Until then, pray for an early snowfall on October 14: some folks will be bound to blame it on the Conservatives.
[H/t frequent commenter John Cross and Marie Ève.]
* J. Harry Wray. "Comment on Interpretations of Early Research into Belief Systems."
The Journal of Politics, Vol. 41, No. 4 (Nov., 1979), pp. 1173-1181.
**Philip E. Converse. "Comment." The Journal of Politics, Vol. 41, No. 4 (Nov., 1979), pp. 1182-1184. | <urn:uuid:5c4c1e21-e537-4a79-b030-37cedcd9ca48> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://drdawgsblawg.blogspot.com/2008/09/is-democracy-wasted-on-people.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00033-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958393 | 2,420 | 2.375 | 2 |
ERIC Number: ED048447
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1970-Jun
Reference Count: N/A
The Elasticity of Substitution of White for Nonwhite Labor.
Galchus, Kenneth Edward
This study calculates the degree of substitutability between white and nonwhite labor within various occupational categories, in order to determine the extent of racial discrimination and to derive demand curves for nonwhite labor. The model developed in the study treats employer discrimination as a differential between total and money costs to the employer of hiring a nonwhite, whereas employee and consumer discrimination are incorporated into the firm's isoquant. The model avoids the restriction of the Cobb-Douglas production function, assuming only that the function has constant elasticity of substitution between capital and labor. The study concludes that when quality differentials are removed, whites and nonwhites are perfect substitutes, implying that the work force will be totally segregated when there exists a nonzero discrimination coefficient, which measures the utility or disutility of hiring nonwhites. The frequency of integrated firms indicates that many employers and employees have zero discrimination coefficients. The results are useful aids in choosing the proper policy instruments to raise the nonwhite wage rate. This Ph.D. dissertation was submitted to Washington University. (BH)
Descriptors: Black Employment, Blacks, Economic Factors, Economic Research, Labor Market, Productivity, Racial Attitudes, Racial Discrimination, Racial Segregation, Salary Wage Differentials
University Microfilms, Inc., 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 (Order No 70-26,860 MF $4.00, Xerography $10.00)
Publication Type: N/A
Education Level: N/A
Sponsor: Manpower Administration (DOL), Washington, DC. Office of Manpower Research.
Authoring Institution: N/A
Note: Ph.D. Dissertation, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo. | <urn:uuid:34aac9c2-65bb-486c-b3f9-ff5f7018c359> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED048447 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00036-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.866118 | 405 | 1.679688 | 2 |
The original idea behind the influential Restatement series produced by the American Law Institute was to gather prominent academics together to divine a consensus in the common law and create a sort of statute-like guide to those principles, "restating" what was already law. It is questionable whether the Restatement ever lived up to those ideals, in practice it has been used to ratchet the system to be ever more plaintiff-friendly; courts would view the Restatement as a floor of minimum plaintiffs' rights, while not hesitating to nullify any principles in the Restatement that protected the ability of defendants to defend themselves. (I covered one such example in California in last month's AEI Liability Outlook.) A new Restatement would come forward setting forth these new principles, and the Slinky would continue to march up the stairs.
In many cases, the Restatement is not a restatement at all, but an aspirational document hoping to persuade courts to change the law, and sometimes ALI goes even farther and propounds "Principles" openly seeking to do just that. Given the possibility and prevalence of judicial law-making, and the prestige and influence of ALI, it is important to pay attention to what the American Law Institute is doing.
Beck and Herrmann do just that in their must-read analysis of the draft of ALI's "Principles of the Law of Aggregate Litigation." The two document in great detail the efforts of the ALI in "Preliminary Draft No. 4 (Sep. 21, 2006) ($)" to undo precedent protecting defendants and expand the use of the class action, often at the expense of constitutional rights:
Right at the beginning, the Principles are �consciously breaking� with the terminology found in almost all applicable class action rules � dispensing with �predominance,� �superiority,� and the rest of the familiar analytical framework in favor of terms used in a 2005 law review article. However, those terms do not track any Rule enacted by any jurisdiction, state or federal. By jettisoning the legal requirements of the applicable rules, and the mature and well-developed body of case law that has grown up around those rules, the principles are profoundly destructive of existing law. | <urn:uuid:981456ff-b249-4074-bf8d-a2e7de011cc1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pointoflaw.com/archives/003522.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00319-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943275 | 464 | 1.875 | 2 |
Six AGs write NRC
WHITE PLAINS, N.Y. - The attorneys general of six states say the Nuclear Regulatory Commission needs to consider new safety concerns like terrorism and earthquakes when rrelicensing nuclear power plants.
In a letter to NRC Chairman Dale Klein, the group says the reforms are necessary in a post-9-11 world.
"The tragedy that befell our nation on Sept. 11, 2001 demonstrated the utter folly of ignoring the impact of national security issues on nuclear plant safety," the letter says. "The release of radioactive material into the air and water after the recent earthquake in Japan - forcing the emergency shutdown of the world's largest nuclear plant - demonstrates the vulnerability of nuclear plants to natural forces."
New York's Andrew Cuomo, Connecticut's Richard Blumenthal, Illinois' Lisa Madigan, Kentucky's Greg Stumbo, Delaware's Beau Biden III and Vermont's William Sorrell all signed the letter.
Cuomo says a U.S. Geological survey indicated a "significant" chance of an earthquake hitting the New York metropolitan area. It would be more powerful than earthquakes that hit the western part of the country because the rocky nature in the East transmits more powerful shockwaves, he said.
"The NRC's failure to address safety issues including updating its review of seismic activity in the relicensing of nuclear power plants is irresponsible," Cuomo said.
Currently, the NRC considers age-related structural degradation of fixed, non-moving components like reactor cores, containment systems, pipes and electrical cables. Cuomo says it does not look at other factors that may help avoid a catastrophe, such as surrounding population attack, susceptibility to a terrorist attack, adequate emergency warning and evacuation plans and seismic issues.
Cuomo has long been opposed to the relicensing of Indian Point Power Plant, located on the Hudson River. He has noted that two of the hijacked planes during 9-11 flew over the plant.
Others feel it shutting the plant will put an energy strain on New York City. | <urn:uuid:baf0d7a3-5f52-405b-8ec4-299e631528ed> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://legalnewsline.com/stories/510518582-six-ags-write-nrc | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719468.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00529-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923629 | 408 | 1.804688 | 2 |
That, it would seem, is the new question. Elliot Spagat at the Orange County Register has a story about how the San Diego police chief is issuing, or not issuing, press passes to some members of the “media.”
There are several questions that need to be answered here, the first of which is should journalists even be issued media credentials by a government agency. To which my answer is … I don’t know.
I have been issued and worn credentials from police departments and other agencies and I suppose they were handy. The argument being made here is they allow access behind the yellow tape that gets strung up at incidents, though I have to admit I don’t think I was ever allowed beyond that tape just because I was wearing an official credential. The few times I was allowed past it probably had more to do with who I knew – and that they trusted me not to do something stupid, like corrupt a crime scene or trip over a fire hose.
So, should a government agency be in the business of determining who is and who is not a journalist? Uh, no. That’s kind of a violation of the First Amendment (not exactly, not fully, but kind of.
Should a government agency establish some way of easily identifying members of the media they have come into contact with? Perhaps. That contact would allow the journalist and the agency to understand what’s okay and what’s not in various situations.
So should that then allow more contact than the general public? Hrmmm … I would probably lean against that. Because as soon as you say this person gets access and that one doesn’t, then you’re into the role of determining who is a journalist and who isn’t, which means you’re deciding what information some people get and others do not.
Spagat quotes Mickey Osterreicher thusly:
“If everybody is precluded from observing, photographing, writing about it, then at the end of the day we don’t have a very transparent government and the public loses,” Osterreicher said. “If you limit it too much, then you exclude a lot of people out there who practice journalism but don’t fall in the traditional definition.”
And that’s where this issue comes to a head: the traditional definition of a journalist is no longer adequate.
So, the solution? Act professional and get to know those you cover. Not in a social way, but in a professional way. In more than a dozen years of shooting, I never had a run in with any law enforcement officer. I will admit I didn’t cover as much breaking news as many of my colleagues, but I covered my fair share of fires, shootings and missing children.
And never once did I need a credential to tell the story my audience needed to see. | <urn:uuid:54df42ba-f82c-41da-8ab9-7a050b9671a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://visualjournalism.info/2013/03/11/to-press-pass-or-not-to-press-pass/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.978766 | 604 | 1.75 | 2 |
An Old Age for the Earth
An accommodationist claim about chronology runs something like this: “Even if it could be shown that the earth is young (which it is not), that would be irrelevant to the chronology of the universe, because there are independent evidences that the universe is as old as evolution says it is. Furthermore, the age issue is not really important.” Such statements are not true. The centrality of long ages to evolutionary thought has long been emphasized. Further, the supposed evidences of the vast antiquity of planets, stars, galaxies, and the universe ultimately rest on the belief in the evolutionary age of the earth. The long chronologies for the universe and its parts are therefore not independent of the alleged old age of the earth. If the earth is shown to be young, the evidence for an old universe crumbles.
Time Is the Central Requirement for Evolution
ld-universe apologist Hugh Ross writes that “age need not even be an issue” in discussing origins (Ross, 1994, p. 10), and maintains that “the age of the universe and of the earth” is a “peripheral point” (Ross, 1994, p. 8). On the other hand, decades ago astrophysicist Arthur S. Eddington acknowledged the absolute primacy of time, without which evolution would be impossible and inconceivable: “Looking back through the long past we picture the beginning of the world—a primeval chaos which time has fashioned into the universe that we know” (Eddington, 1930, p. 11). Such a statement could be taken to imply that time has supplanted the Creator. Since this remains the conventional perspective of the function of time in cosmic evolution, it follows that the age issue implicitly enters into virtually all evolutionary theorizing.
Eddington was not only an eminent scientist but a well known popularizer of science, especially astronomy. He repeatedly stated his belief in the centrality of time for naturalistic development. In the evolution—or the “becoming”—of the universe, he wrote, “Time occupies the key position” (Eddington, 1933, p. 91). As with Eddington, Carl Sagan acted not as an originator of chronological thought, but as an advocate of the primacy of time in evolution. Sagan also described the evolution of the universe with “time” replacing God as the First Cause:
For unknown ages … there were no galaxies, no planets, no life. …A first generation of stars was born. …In the dark lush clouds between the stars, smaller raindrops grew, bodies far too little to ignite the nuclear fire… Among them was a small world of stone and iron, the early Earth. …One day a molecule arose that … was able to make crude copies of itself … life had begun. Single-celled plants evolved … plants and animals discovered that the land could support life. …[Some animals] became upright … emerging into consciousness. At an ever-accelerating pace, [consciousness] invented writing, cities, art and science, and sent spaceships to the planets and the stars. These are some things that hydrogen atoms do, given 15 billion years of cosmic evolution (Sagan, 1980, pp. 337–338).
If to Sagan time was the “creator” which brought the universe into existence, planetary astronomer William K. Hartmann has expressed the same idea, namely, that time is really the only necessity for evolution—a “long” time:
From all we have just said, we conclude that if planetary surfaces with the necessary conditions—liquid water and the ‘CHON’ chemicals (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen)—exist long enough anywhere, life is likely to evolve (Hartmann, 1991, p. 621).
With time as the evolutionary agent, it is no wonder that the evolutionary expectation of finding extraterrestrial life has over the decades gone from disrepute to popular acceptance (Henry, 2002, p. 170). On the other hand, without sufficient time, evolution, nature’s “self-realization,” would not happen at all (Easterbrook, 1996, p. 48).
Evolutionary Chronology Is Tied to the Age of the Earth
All evolutionary cosmic ages are in the final analysis based on an old age for the earth, so if this chronology is destroyed for the earth, it is demolished for the cosmos as well. The sun is thought to be old because the earth is old, other stars are thought to follow a mode of operation and chronology based on that of the sun (Bahcall, 1990, p. 56; Fix, 1999, p. 385), and the Hubble constant and the age of the universe are adjusted in an attempt to make the cosmos older than the stars (Goldsmith, 1985, p. 115).
Coming back to the solar system, the moon is assumed to be slightly older than the oldest rocks on earth, and the solar system is dated from meteorites on the assumption that it is older than both the earth and the moon (Goldsmith, 1985, p. 366). Cratered planets such as Mercury are dated by comparison with the moon (Hubbard, 1984, p. 197). Indeed, it is generally true that “the relationship between crater density and age determined for the Moon has been used to estimate the ages of other planets and satellites” (Fix, 1999, p. 188). This chain of chronological reasoning would be logical were it true that first some meteorites formed out of the putative solar nebula, then moons and planets (Whipple and Green, 1986, p. 222; Hubbard, 1984, p. 9; Norton, 1998, pp. 349-350). Further, it is not true that meteoritic dating points unambiguously to a 4.5 billion year age for the solar system (Gariepy and Dupre, 1991, pp. 216–217; Williams, 1992, p. 2).
The chain of chronological reasoning traced above is not based on actual observation, but on inference, a fact pointed out occasionally:
Many things loosely described as scientific ‘facts’ are not really facts at all. For example, you might have the impression that this book stated the ‘fact’ that the universe is between 10 and 20 billion years old. But such a usage of the word ‘fact’ is really just a habit of speech that is seen to be imprecise on close examination. In reality, the age astronomers assign to the universe is an inference from the large amount of observational data that we have [emphasis in original] (Robbins, 1988, p. 445).
In other words, there are no data compelling the acceptance of evolutionary ages, but researchers have reached the conclusions they wanted to believe.
Over the last century and a half, physicists and astronomers eventually accommodated themselves to geological dates for the age of the earth, readjusting their cosmic and stellar dates so as not to conflict with terrestrial claims. Physicists as well as astronomers were tying their chronologies into the evolutionary time frame for the earth:
The conflict between physics and astronomy over the Age of the Earth was resolved in the 1950s. …[T]he conflict between physics and geology … had ended 50 years earlier with a complete reversal by the physicists [in favor of geological dates for the earth]; this time it was the astronomers who revised their estimates and suddenly switched to a much longer time scale [to avoid conflict with the geologists]. They had decided that Hubble had underestimated the intrinsic luminosities of distant stars and the Cepheid variable scale of distances had to be recalibrated; together the two corrections [read: adjustments] expanded the time scale by a factor of 4, with further increases to come in subsequent decades. By the mid-1980s, estimates of the age of the universe generally ranged from 10,000 to 20,000 m.y., safely beyond the estimates of the Age of the Earth, which had stabilized at 4500 to 4600 m.y. …According to David Raup, one result of this episode is that ‘geology has a curious moral authority over astrophysics’… [emphasis added] (Brush, 1989, p. 173).
The first widely-accepted rationale for radiometric dating of the earth was put forward by T.C. Chamberlain. He based his estimates on the putative time for biological evolution, saying that his view “takes due account of biological requirements” (Brush, 1989, p. 172), meaning that the presumed age of the earth for biological evolution had to be consulted before radiometric dates could be selected to “confirm” this old age. Richard Milton, who is not a young earth advocate, nevertheless points out that the readiness to reject radiometric dates except those giving “expected values” is why various radiometric methods can be claimed to converge in the “ages” they “measure” (Milton, 1997, p. 49):
Thus the published dating figures always conform to preconceived dates and never contradict those dates. If all the rejected dates were retrieved from the waste basket and added to the published dates, the combined results would show that the dates produced are the scatter that one would expect by chance alone [emphasis in original] (Milton, 1997, p. 51). Woodmorappe (1999, pp. 1, 6) makes the same observation.
Evolution Dates the Sun by the Evolutionary Age of the Earth
Evolution asserts that the earth is billions of years old. Astronomers for several generations have stated that this is the only real reason the sun is believed to have an age ofbillions of years. In the 1920s Eddington wrote,
Formerly the contraction theory of Helmholtz and Kelvin held sway. This supposes that the supply [of the sun’s energy] is maintained by the conversion of gravitational energy into heat owing to the gradual contraction of the star. The energy obtainable from contraction is quite inadequate in view of the great age now attributed to the sun (Eddington, 1926, p. 289).
And why did Eddington view solar contraction as insufficient to supply the sun’s energy output over the sun’s lifetime? Because, “It is not much use extending the age of the earth without extending the age of the sun” (Eddington, 1926, p. 295). In other words, as the evolutionary age of the earth expanded in the early twentieth century, the supposed age of the sun expanded to keep pace.
Whatever actually occurs in the sun—whether fusion only, or fusion with a degree of contraction—the sun’s presumed age is based ultimately on the alleged age of the earth. Eddington made this point repeatedly: “Geological, physical, and biological evidence seems to make it certain that the sun has warmed the earth for more than a thousand million years [now taken to be some 5 billion years]” (Eddington, 1959, p. 162). In context, the “physical” evidence to which Eddington referred was nothing more than the supposed geological and biological “evidence” that the earth is old. Eddington was explicit about this:
On such an important question we should not like to put implicit trust in [astronomical arguments] alone, and we turn to the sister sciences for other and perhaps more conclusive evidence. …The age of the older rocks [of the earth] is found to be about 1,200 million years. …The sun, of course, must be very much older than the earth and its rocks (Eddington, 1929, p. 96).
The evolutionary ages of the oldest terrestrial rocks have expanded since Eddington’s time from 1.2 billion years to some 3.8 billion years (Milton, 1997, p. 17).
Two generations ago, physicist and science popularizer George Gamow described the same dependence of solar dating on the evolutionary age of the earth: “Our sun is now only about 3 or 4 billion years old…” And the reason for this age?—“…since the estimated age of our earth is of that order of magnitude” (Gamow, 1953, p. 301). The same logic for dating the sun at billions of years continues to this day:
By the end of the nineteenth century, geological evidence had increased the estimated age of the Earth to several hundred millions of years, and the discovery of radioactivity at the close of the century made it possible to measure the Earth’s age with even greater certainty at around 4.5 billion years. …[It] is hard to imagine how the Earth could be much older than the Sun [emphases in original] (Robbins, 1988, p. 295).
Indeed, this rationale for dating the sun has been commonly acknowledged: “The Sun’s age was measured at 4.6 billion years by dating planetary matter” (Hartmann, 1991, p. 381). Hartmann has worded this statement in such a way as to imply that evidence from outside the earth confirms the sun’s old age, but this statement is misleading, for in context the “planetary” material to which he refers is nothing more than the rocks of the earth. In a more forthright assessment, astronomer John Fix says,
Geologists have found rocks 3.5 billion years old that contain fossils of marine organisms. These discoveries clearly demonstrate that the Sun has warmed the Earth for at least 3.5 billion years and probably for as long as the Earth has existed (Fix, 1999, p. 386).
Researchers are sometimes objective about the faulty reasoning illustrated in the preceding paragraphs. Solar expert John Eddy stated that,
I suspect that the Sun is 4.5-billion years old. However, given some new and unexpected results to the contrary, and some time for frantic recalculation and theoretical readjustment, I suspect that we could live with Bishop Ussher’s value for the age of the Earth and the Sun. I don’t think we have much in the way of observational evidence in astronomy to contradict that. Solar physics now looks to paleontology for data on solar chronology [emphasis in original] (Kazmann, 1978, p. 18).
This is a staggering statement, for Eddy admitted that there is really no hard evidence that the sun is very old. Indeed, Eddy went so far as to propose the possibility of returning to Ussher’s chronology which puts creation at 4004 BC. Since Eddy’s last sentence quoted above claims that evolutionary solar chronology depends on “paleontology,” Eddy has again affirmed that the conventional age of the sun is based ultimately on nothing more than the presumed evolutionary age of the earth.
Evolution Dates the Solar System and Universe
Abranches, M.C.B., J.W. Arden, and N.H. Gale. 1980. Uranium-lead abundances and isotopic studies in the chondrites Richardson and Farmington. Earth and planetary science letters. 46:311–322.
Allegre, Claude J., Gerard Manhes, and Christa Gopel. 1995. The age of the earth. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 59(8):1445–1456.
Austin, Steven A. 2000. Mineral isochron method applied as a test of the assumptions of radioisotope dating. In Larry Vardiman, Andrew A. Snelling, and Eugene F. Chaffin, editors. Radioisotopes and the age of the earth. Institute for Creation Research, El Cajon, CA, and Creation Research Society, St. Joseph, MO, pp. 95–121.
Badash, Lawrence. 1968. Rutherford, Boltwood, and the age of the earth: the origin of radioactive dating techniques. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 112(3):157–169.
Bahcall, John N. 1990. The solar neutrino problem. Scientific American. 262(5):54–61.
Barrow, John D., and Frank J. Tipler. 1986. The anthropic cos-mological principle. Oxford, New York.
Brush, Stephen G. 1989. The age of the earth in the twentiethcentury. Earth Sciences History. 8(2):170-182.
Burchfield, Joe D. 1990. Lord Kelvin and the age of the earth. University of Chicago.
De Vaucouleurs, G. 1970. The case for a hierarchical cosmology. Science. 167(3922):1203-1213.
DeYoung, Don B. 1995. The Hubble law. Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal. 9(1):7-11.
Easterbrook, Gregg. 1996. A moment on the earth: the coming age of environmental optimism. Penguin, New York.
Eddington, A.S. 1926; reprinted 1959. The internal constitution of the stars. Dover, New York.
Eddington, A.S. 1929. Stars and atoms. Yale University, New Haven, CT.
Eddington, A.S. 1930. Science and the unseen world. Macmillan, New York.
Eddington, A.S. 1933. The nature of the physical world. Macmillan, New York.
Eddington, A.S. 1959. New pathways in science. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Faure, Gunter. 1986. Principles of isotope geology. Wiley, New York.
Fix, John. 1999. Astronomy. WCB/McGraw-Hill, Boston.
Fritzsche, Thomas. 1998. The impact at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. In Robert E. Walsh, editor. Proceedings of the fourth international conference on creationism, pp. 241– 251. Creation Science Fellowship, Pittsburgh.
Gale, N.H., J. Arden, and R. Hutchison. 1972. Uranium-lead chronology of chondritic meteorites. Nature. 240:56–57.
Gamow, George. 1952. The creation of the universe. Mentor, New York.
Gamow, George. 1953. One, two, three…infinity. Mentor, NewYork.
Gariepy, Clement, and Bernard Dupre. 1991. Pb isotopes and crust-mantle evolution. In Larry Heaman and John N. Ludden, editors. Short course handbook on applications of radiogenic isotope systems to problems in geology, vol. 19. Mineralogical Association of Canada, Toronto.
Goldsmith, Donald. 1985. The evolving universe. Benjamin Cummings, Menlo Park, CA.
Gopel, Christa, Gerard Manhes, and Claude J. Allegre. 1994. U-Pb systematics of phosphates from equilibrated ordinary chondrites. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 121:153–171.
Hammond, Allen L. 1974. Exploring the solar system (III): whence the moon? Science. 186(4167):911–913.
Hartmann, William K. 1983. Moons and planets. Wadsworth, Belmont, CA.
Hartmann, William K. 1991. Astronomy. Wadsworth, Belmont, CA.
Henry, Jonathan F. 2002. Ye shall be as gods: the modern search for extraterrestrial life. In When Christians roamed the earth, pp. 163–192. Master Books, Green Forest, AR.
Himmelfarb, Gertrude. 1968. Darwin and the darwinian revolution. Norton, New York. (Citing Charles Darwin, Cambridge University manuscripts dated October 22 and 24, 1873.)
Hubbard, William B. 1984. Planetary interiors. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Huey, James M., and Truman P. Kohman. 1973. 207Pb-206Pb isochron and the age of chondrites. Journal of Geophysical Research. 78(17):3227–3244.
Jacobson, S.B., and G.J. Wasserburg. 1984. Sm-Nd isotopic evolution of chondrites and achondrites, II. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 67:137–150.
Jagoutz, E. 1994. Isotopic systematics of metamorphic rocks. In M.A Lanphere, G.B. Dalrymple, and B.D. Turrin, editors. Abstracts of the eighth international conference on geochronology, cosmochronology, and isotope geology, circular 1107. U.S. Geological Survey, Washington.
Kazmann, Raphael G. 1978. It’s about time: 4.5 billion years. Geotimes. 23(9):18–20.
Kornberg, Warren (editor). 1978. One universe, indivisible. Mosaic. 9(3):9–17.
Kuhn, Thomas S. 1970. The structure of scientific revolutions. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Lyell, K.M. (editor). 1881. Life, letters and journals of Sir Charles Lyell, bart. John Murray, London.
Mauger, Richard L. 1977. K-Ar ages of biotites from tuffs in Eocene rocks of the Green River, Washakiw and Uinta Basins. Contributions to Geology, Wyoming University. 15(1):17–41.
Milton, Richard. 1997. Shattering the myths of darwinism. Park Street Press, Rochester, VT.
Minster, J.F., J.L. Birck, and C.J. Allegre. 1982. Absolute age of formation of chondrites studied by the 87Rb-87Sr method. Nature. 300:414–419.
Norton, O. Richard. 1998. Rocks from space. Mountain Press Publishing, Missoula, MT.
Pasachoff, Jay M. 1985. Contemporary astronomy. Saunders, Philadelphia.
Patterson, Claire C. 1956. Age of meteorites and the earth. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 10:230–237.
Paul, Chris. 1980. The natural history of fossils. Holmes and Meier, New York.
Podosek, Frank A. 1999. A couple of uncertain ages. Science. 283(5409):1863–1864.
Robbins, R. Robert. 1988. Discovering astronomy. Wiley, New York.
Ross, Hugh. 1994. Creation and time. NavPress, Colorado Springs.
Rowland, Stephen. 1983. A new shirt for Carl. Science 83. 4(5):80–82.
Sagan, Carl. 1980. Cosmos. Random House, New York.
Schuchert, C. 1931. Geochronology. Bulletin of the National Research Council. 80:10–64. Cited in Woodmorappe, p. 13.
Short, Nicholas M. 1975. Planetary geology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
Speiker, Edmund M. 1956. Mountain-building and the nature of the geologic time-scale. Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists. 40(8):1769–1815.
Taylor, Ian. 1987. In the minds of men: Darwin and the new world order. TFE Publishing, Toronto.
Tatsumoto, Mitsunobu, Roy J. Knight, and Claude J. Allegre. 1973. Time differences in the formation of meteorites as determined from the ratio of lead-207 to lead-206. Science. 180(4092):1279–1283.
Tera, Fouad, and Richard W. Carlson. 1999. Assessment of the Pb-Pb and U-Pb chronometry of the early solar system. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 63(11/12):1877–1889.
Tilton, G.R. 1988. Age of the solar system. In John F. Kerridge and Mildred Shapley Matthews, editors. Meteorites and the early solar system, pp. 259–275. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
Vardiman, Larry. 2000. Introduction. In Larry Vardiman, Andrew A. Snelling, and Eugene F. Chaffin, editors. Radioisotopes and the age of the earth. ICR, El Cajon, CA, and CRS, St. Joseph, MO, pp. 1–25.
Waterhouse, J.B. 1979. Chronologic, ecologic, and evolutionary significance of the phylum Brachiopoda. In Erle G. Kauffman and Joseph E. Hazel, editors. Concepts and methods of biostratigraphy. Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, Stroudsburg, PA.
Whipple, Fred L., and Daniel W.E. Green. 1985. The mystery of comets. Smithsonian, Washington, DC.
Whitcomb, John C, and Henry M. Morris. 1961. The Genesis Flood. Presbyterian and Reformed, Phillipsburg, NJ.
Williams, A.R. 1992. Long-age isotope dating short on credibility. Creation Ex Nihilo Technical Journal. 6(1):2–5.
Woodmorappe, John. 1999. The mythology of modern dating methods. Institute for Creation Research, El Cajon, CA.
Zindler, Alan, and Stan Hart. 1986. Chemical geodynamics. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 14:493–571.
Home | Feedback | Links | Books | Donate | Back to Top
© 2017 TrueOrigin Archive. All Rights Reserved.
powered by Webhandlung | <urn:uuid:10d3fbe3-0395-43c3-90df-2abf88c59ebb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.trueorigin.org/old_earth_evo_heart.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00470-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.890298 | 5,449 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Grace and peace, brothers and sisters, and greetings to the lost.
What do 1 Corinthians 12 and Dr. Seuss’ Horton Hears A Who have in common? Both share the message “Everyone is a who, no matter how small.”
In the classic Dr. Seuss tale, Horton the elephant hears a tiny voice coming from a flower. As it turns out, an entire town—a world—of people live in there. If I recall the story correctly, no one believes Horton when he says that people actually live in the flower. So, in order that people will know that he was right, Horton suggests that the entire town yell “We’re here!” so that everyone can here them. So all the people in the little town yell, “We’re here, we’re here, we’re HERE!” into a microphone so loudly and strongly that eventually their voices break through the flower and everyone hears that there is indeed a little world of people living in that little flower.
The message of that story is that no matter how small or seemingly insignificant a person is, he is a person just like everyone else, and therefore, has just as much value as anyone else.
This is also the message of 1 Corinthians 12. Paul conveys the message to the church that no matter how insignificant one may feel, we are all important to the body of Christ. To illustrate his point, Paul uses the analogy of the human body. Beginning in verse 12, Paul says,
“For as the body is one, and hath many members, and all the members of that one body, being many, are one body: so also is Christ.”
He continues this analogy in verse 14,
“For the body is not one member, but many. If the foot shall say, Because I am not the hand, I am not of the body; is it therefore not of the body? And if the ear shall say, Because I am not the eye, I am not of the body; is it therefore not of the body?”
He then explains that not everyone can be the eye or the foot, because if it were so, then the body would lack the other parts and their functions:
“If the whole body were an eye, where were the hearing? If the whole were hearing, where were the smelling?” (v. 17).
He then explains that God has given every part of the human body a specific purpose according to His will…
“But now hath God set the members every one of them in the body, as it hath pleased Him” (v. 18).
…and if everyone were an eye or an ear, then the body would be incomplete:
“And if they were all one member, where were the body?” (v. 19).
Therefore, even though the human body is made up of many different parts, each one is part of the whole…
“But now are they many members, yet but one body” (v. 20).
…and none is more important than another:
“And the eye cannot say unto the hand, I have no need of thee: nor again the head to the feet, I have no need of you” (v. 21).
And the parts that seem to be the least important are, in fact, very important, and should be the more praised. Therefore, the least beautiful members of the body are actually the most beautiful:
“Nay, much more those members of the body, which seem to be more feeble, are necessary:
“And those members of the body, which we think to be less honourable, upon these we bestow more abundant honour; and our uncomely parts have more abundant comeliness:” (v.v. 22-23).
For our most beautiful parts are not the most necessary, because God has made the body in such a way that the most beautiful parts are nothing without the least beautiful. Therefore the least beautiful are the most honorable:
“For our comely parts have no need: but God hath tempered the body together, having given more abundant honour to that part which lacked:” (v. 24).
He has done this so that all parts of the body will receive the same honor; and there will be no division in the body:
“That there should be no schism in the body; but that the members should have the same care one for another” (v. 25).
And all parts of the body are alike; so that if one part suffers, the whole body suffers; likewise, if one part is praised, then the whole body should be praised:
“And whether one member suffer, all the members suffer with it; or one member be honoured, all the members rejoice with it” (v. 26).
Paul now brings the analogy home to the body of Christ:
“Now ye are the body of Christ, and members in particular” (v. 27).
And every member of the body has a different function and purpose:
“And God hath set some in the church, first apostles, secondarily prophets, thirdly teachers, after that miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, governments, diversities of tongues” (v. 28).
He next asks a rhetorical question emphasizing that not everyone in the Body of Christ can be a teacher or a prophet:
“Are all apostles? are all prophets? are all teachers? are all workers of miracles?
“Have all the gift of healing? do all speak with tongues? do all interpret?” (v.v. 29-30).
The idea is that no one in the Body of Christ is unimportant. You may not be a pastor or a teacher, or have the gift of tongues or of healing; but that doesn’t mean that you are not important. Everyone has an integral role in the Body of Christ. One ministry, for example, that is often overlooked is prayer. Prayer is the backbone of the Church, and all ministries need prayer.
If you are living a sanctified, separated, and righteous life; that is, a life totally committed to obeying Jesus Christ, and living your life according to His will, then God hears your prayers. You are doing better than maybe sixty percent of those who name the name of Christ, whose prayers go no farther than the ceiling.
Pray, therefore. You don’t need to be beautiful, handsome, eloquent, charismatic, or even smart to be an effective prayer warrior. You only need to be obedient and willing. The Bible says that prayer can move mountains. “The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much,” says the Apostle James, the brother of Jesus (James 5:16).
Pray, therefore. You can pray for your pastor, for Christian ministries, for missionaries, the sick and infirm, your elected officials, and most importantly, the unsaved. You may even direct your prayers to a specific individual or group.
The important thing to remember is that you don’t have to look far for a way to be of service to the Body of Christ, and you need not feel as though you don’t have a purpose or ministry. When God saved you, He already had a ministry set aside just for you, and it is a ministry that only YOU can perform.
Never forget that in the Body of Christ, every one is a Who no matter how small.
Be encouraged and look up, for your redemption draweth nigh.
The Still Man | <urn:uuid:b5257b57-0519-489e-9f47-6153cbddfe0b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thestillman.com/stillmanfiles/2011/11/1-corinthians-12-and-dr-seuss/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00245-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95057 | 1,608 | 3.265625 | 3 |
Yes, when training for the Method Ambassador, you must bring two horses to train during the Academy. The horses:
- must be under ten years of age;
- must be geldings or mares (no stallions);
- must not have any previous training in the Method; and
- must be currently sound and have no history of lameness.
Downunder Horsemanship VERY HIGHLY recommends that your horses come in shod on all four feet. This helps to prevent horses from going lame because of sore feet. We do a lot of riding outside on hard terrain, and most horses that start the program barefoot will get sore.
During the five instructional blocks to earn your Professional Clinician certification, Participants may train up to five horses in each instruction block and are encouraged to bring at least two horses to work with. Participants are required to provide their own horses and equipment for the Intermediate and Advanced Blocks as well as the Trick Training Block. Downunder Horsemanship will provide the horses for the Colt Starting and Foal Training Blocks.
Downunder Horsemanship highly discourages Participants from bringing any type of gaited horse. Every horse has a job he is bred to do—work cows, slide to a stop, pull carts, etc. Gaited horses are bred to go fast in a straight line. A large part of the Method is teaching horses to become soft and supple throughout their whole bodies. Gaited horses are not designed to be supple throughout their bodies and are not designed to be athletic enough to do maneuvers such as rollbacks, circles or tight turns. Can you take a gaited horse through the Method? Absolutely, we’ve taken gaited horses through the Method here at the Ranch; but, when you’re first learning the Method, it would be wise to choose horses that will help you succeed in your training, rather than make your training more difficult. | <urn:uuid:8aec4a20-8ac8-40a6-98de-b669d58ba58c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://downunderhorsemanship.com/academy/clinician-academy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00188-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9596 | 389 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Making a Living
Work and Environment in the United States
Publication Year: 2008
Published by: The University of North Carolina Press
Title Page, Copyright
As is always the case with a book, I could not have written this one but for the support, assistance, patience, and good humor of many different people. I now have been privileged to work with Sian Hunter at the University of North Carolina Press on two separate projects. This time around, like before,she helped me broaden the scope of my research and deepen my interpreta-...
...‘‘When one speaks of increasing power, machinery, and industry,’’ HenryFord wrote in 1922, ‘‘there comes up a picture of a cold, metallic sort of worldin which great factories will drive away the trees, the flowers, the birds, andthe green fields.’’ This was how he began an early memoir, on the defensive,and the rest of the book was an answer to both skeptics and critics. The bleak...
1. I Think Less of the Factory Than of My Native Dell: Labor, Nature, and the Lowell Mill Girls
In 1840, as part of a defense of factory life in Lowell, Massachusetts, textile operative Sarah Bagley pointed out that ‘‘mill girls’’ were not really ‘‘so far from God and nature, as many persons might suppose.’’ They managed to maintain their relationship with nature, and nature’s God, by cultivating roses, lilies, geraniums, and other plants in pots on the mill’s window sills,...
2. Living by Themselves: Slaves’ and Freedmen’s Hunting, Fishing, and Gardening in the Mississippi Delta
The story of Yankee mill girls’ venture from New England farms to urban factories demonstrates the importance of both place and work in shaping people’s relationship with the natural world. Yet theirs is not the only story. Examining other regions and sectors of the American economy in the same period or at different times complicates the historical narrative. Former slaves...
3. Men Alone Cannot Settle a Country: Domesticating Nature in the Kansas-Nebraska Grasslands
As the stories of the Lowell mill girls and Delta slaves and freed people make clear, there were both similarities and differences in the ways changes in work affected how various groups of people thought about and used the environment around them. Gender mattered to both the Yankee white women and the southern black men, but race was perhaps a more significant factor for the...
4. Degrees of Separation: Nature and the Shift from Farmer to Miner to Factory Hand in Southern West Virginia
As was the case with many homesteading women and their male counterparts, and even more so with the children of homesteading families, the process of moving to the grasslands to make a farm was sometimes just a step on the road to a town or city. Family fortunes declined, forcing the abandonment of a quarter section and a search for new means to make a living, and...
5. A Decent, Wholesome Living Environment for Everyone: Michigan Autoworkers and the Origins of Modern Environmentalism
Part of the power of Harriet Arnow Simpson’s portrayal of the fictional Nevel family was its pointed accuracy. Like the family in The Doll maker, many early twentieth-century autoworkers were migrants from rural areas, and they found a considerable amount of heartache and trouble when they made their journey to a city. Yet the move was not without at least a few good ends....
6. A Landscape Foreign and Physically Threatening: Southern California Farmworkers, Pesticides, and Environmental Justice
Although cooperation between organized labor and mainstream environmental groups was faltering by the late 1970s and early 1980s, those same years also witnessed events that set the stage for formation of an ‘‘environmental justice’’movement. Starting in 1978, Lois Gibbs rallied her neighbors in a Buffalo suburb after they linked pervasive, chronic illness in the area to toxic chemicals...
In its most basic form work is the transformation of nature. To produce both food and shelter, as well as countless other goods and amenities as needs and wants evolve over time, human beings must change parts of the natural world around them. This continuous use of the physical and organic environment, and the remaking of self and communities that it necessarily entails, is the core...
Page Count: 192
Publication Year: 2008
OCLC Number: 233572817
MUSE Marc Record: Download for Making a Living | <urn:uuid:2a5e6785-1654-44e5-ab37-95f52585dd23> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://muse.jhu.edu/book/24047 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00144-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945518 | 951 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Date: December 2000
Creator: Addepalli, Swarnagowri
Description: The spallation of aluminum, chromium, and iron oxide scales is a chronic problem that critically impacts technological applications like aerospace, power plant operation, catalysis, petrochemical industry, and the fabrication of composite materials. The presence of interfacial impurities, mainly sulfur, has been reported to accelerate spallation, thereby promoting the high-temperature corrosion of metals and alloys. The precise mechanism for sulfur-induced destruction of oxides, however, is ambiguous. The objective of the present research is to elucidate the microscopic mechanism for the high-temperature corrosion of aluminum alloys in the presence of sulfur. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies were conducted under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions on oxidized sulfur-free and sulfur-modified Al/Fe and Ni3Al(111). Evaporative deposition of aluminum onto a sulfur-covered iron surface results in the insertion of aluminum between the sulfur adlayer and the substrate, producing an Fe-Al-S interface. Aluminum oxidation at 300 K is retarded in the presence of sulfur. Oxide destabilization, and the formation of metallic aluminum are observed at temperatures > 600 K when sulfur is located at the Al2O3-Fe interface, while the sulfur-free interface is stable up to 900 K. In contrast, the thermal stability (up to at least 1100 ...
Contributing Partner: UNT Libraries | <urn:uuid:727cd562-713f-4c16-91d6-158e998220d9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://digital.library.unt.edu/explore/collections/UNTETD/browse/?fq=untl_institution%3AUNT&sort=creator&fq=untl_decade%3A2000-2009&fq=str_degree_discipline%3AHigher+Education | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00270-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.884795 | 324 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Flight manuals contain vital procedural and performance related information for a particular aircraft or aircraft
Type. Manuals must be kept up to date - inaccurate information could compromise the safety of the aircraft.
It is the responsibility of the aircraft owner or operator to ensure that the correct Flight Manual standard is
maintained at all times.
Supplements, change sheets, revisions etc. relay instructions issued by the aircraft manufacturer or modification
provider. They also serve to alert the aircraft operator of any safety issues highlighted by
the CAA or EASA(European Aviation Safety Agency).
Please note: The CAA can only supply CAA authored documents.
Items missing from the flight manual must be obtained and embodied prior to the issue of a certificate of airworthiness.
Items can be obtained from the manufacturer or their appointed agent.
Change Sheets and Supplements published by the CAA are available free of charge from a search engine located at CAA issued Flight Manual Change Sheets and Supplements Search.
In most cases, replacement Flight Manuals are available for purchase from the manufacturer or their agent. Any applicable change sheets or supplements should also be replaced.
Requests for Performance Schedules should be made in writing and sent, together with the appropriate fee, to Applications and Approvals at the address below. Details of costs can be found in the CAA Scheme of Charges - Airworthiness, Noise Certification and Aircraft and Aircraft Engine Emissions.
Frequently asked questions regarding the withdrawal of DFMS.
If your aircraft was issued with a Certificate of Airworthiness prior to 28th September 2003 it would have been certified to the relevant UK standard. After that date the aircraft owner may have elected to certify the aircraft to the EASA standard.
If certified to a UK standard it is possible that there is a Flight Manual specifically for UK standard or that there is a UK Supplement to the appropriate National Aviation Authority (NAA) produced Flight Manual. These Manuals and Supplements are still the applicable documents for aircraft registered prior to 28th September 2003 unless the aircraft has been modified, rendering the previously approved supplement obsolete.
It is possible to upgrade your Flight Manual to the latest EASA Standard. To upgrade the Manual may require a re-certification of the aircraft. It is possible, for example, that the UK standard required different placards or instrument markings and these would need to be addressed. At the very least a detailed comparison would need to be made and a justification provided for a change of manual. This may require a Major Modification.
The CAA has published a list of UK specific Flight Manuals and Supplements for Piper and Cessna aircraft but there may be other aircraft types for which UK specific documents are applicable. You will need to refer to the original Certification records for the aircraft to determine the applicable Manual.
Supplements and Change Sheets published directly by the CAA are still applicable and are available from the CAA website or by contacting Applications and Approvals. Please email firstname.lastname@example.org with the Registration of the aircraft, Type, Flight Manual Reference and Change Sheet/Supplement required to acquire copies. In the near future these will be available on the CAA website by requesting either the Aircraft Type and or Manual reference, similar to the way access to the Airworthiness Approval Notes (AANs) are done today.
The modification package will state if there is a Flight Manual supplement associated with the modification. In addition, the UK AAN database may contain further information for the particular aircraft type.
Contact the manufacturer, or check the AAN database for the initial certification of the type in the UK. The CAA has published a list of UK specific Flight Manuals and Supplements for Piper and Cessna aircraft. Difficulties have arisen with UK specific Piper and Cessna Flight Manuals and the relevant manufacturers. Piper has requested that any correspondence with them about a UK specific Flight Manual/Supplement includes a clear indication that it is the UK Manual/Supplement and not just a quote 'report XYZ'. The CAA is still in dialogue with Cessna.
No, the DFMS system has been turned off.
CAA produced Supplements and Change sheets will still be available via the CAA website at CAA issued Flight Manual Change Sheets and Supplements Search or by contacting the Application and Approvals. Please email email@example.com with the Registration of the aircraft, Type, Flight Manual Reference and Change Sheet/Supplement required to acquire copies.
For Annex II aircraft, yes - original certification still applies.
For EASA aircraft certified to the UK standard prior to the inception of EASA (September 28, 2003), yes - with the proviso that the aircraft has not been modified since, rendering any previously approved supplement as obsolete. Please see "How do I know if a UK specific Flight Manual or Supplement applies to my aircraft?" above.
CAA Supplements and Change sheets may also be valid if the aircraft was imported post-EASA and has been certified to the UK standard with the proviso that the aircraft has not been modified since, rendering any previously approved supplement as obsolete.
No, unless specifically agreed by CAA or EASA these remain valid. See "Are CAA produced Supplements and Change Sheets still valid?" above.
For EASA aircraft, no. An aircraft imported from another EU Member State can stay with its original certification and appropriate Flight Manual. The only criteria is the language of the manual, which is required to be in a language acceptable to the State of Registry, in our case English. See Part 21 paragraph 21A.175.
Generic Requirements 4 or 6 are still applicable in the UK and will still require an EASA approved Supplement if not covered in the Flight Manual. You can have a situation where two identical aircraft - one certified in the UK before EASA and one post-EASA - have different Flight Manuals.
For Annex II aircraft, BCARs still apply. If the aircraft doesn't conform to a previous UK standard, the aircraft will be considered on an individual basis.
All aircraft with an EASA Certificate of Airworthiness will have either a Type Certificate holder or a Specific Airworthiness Specification (SAS). Please refer to the EASA website for further information.
For Annex II aircraft, when all other avenues have been exhausted, contact the CAA Applications and Approvals to explain your position.
The CAA is aware of the situation with some Cessna Flight Manuals and is currently in dialogue with the manufacturers. It is and always has been the owner's responsibility to confirm that the manual he is using is the correct one and up to date.
Flight manuals approved before 28th September 2003 are grandfathered into EASA and remain valid. Difficulties have arisen with UK specific Piper and Cessna Flight Manuals and the relevant manufacturers. Piper has requested that any correspondence with them about a UK specific Flight Manual/Supplement includes a clear indication that it is the UK Manual/Supplement and not just a quote report XYZ. The CAA is still in dialogue with Cessna.
Generic Requirements 4 and 6 are still applicable in the UK and Supplements/Change Sheets are still required to cover the requirements if they are not covered in the Flight Manual.
Read all @UK_CAA
CAA sets out expectations to Heathrow Airport for delivering a new runway
25 October, 2016
Amazon UK Services Ltd ordered to pay £65,000 for breaching dangerous goods regulations
23 September, 2016
Amazon guilty of breaching dangerous goods rules
21 September, 2016
Read all News
Mandatory occurrence reporting
7 December, 2016
Guidance for flying drones
17 May, 2016
Offshore helicopter operations
12 December, 2015
Read All Blogs | <urn:uuid:90c9d3d0-2c44-422b-a16c-ad28033ee9c9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.caa.co.uk/Commercial-industry/Aircraft/Airworthiness/Flight-manuals-and-type-certificates/Flight-manuals/Flight-manuals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00327-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935411 | 1,605 | 1.679688 | 2 |
Washington: Start dining in to keep diabetes at bay as a recent study has revealed that if you eat more meals prepared at home, you may reduce your risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.
According to the research presented at the American Heart Association’s Scientific Sessions 2015, people who ate about two homemade lunches or dinners each day had a 13 percent lower risk of developing Type 2 diabetes compared to people who ate less than six homemade lunches or dinners a week. Type 2 diabetes is a major risk factor for heart disease.
The trend for eating commercially prepared meals in restaurants or as take-out in the United States has increased significantly over the last 50 years, said Geng Zong, Ph.D., a research fellow at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, Massachusetts. “At the same time, Type 2 diabetes rates have also increased.”
In the current study, the researchers demonstrated that eating homemade meals was associated with less weight gain over eight years in these middle-aged and older health professionals. Overweight and obesity are risk factors for cardiovascular disease and Type 2 diabetes.
While researchers don’t provide a specific number of homemade meals people should eat each week, Zong said “more could be better.” (ANI) | <urn:uuid:cff5c418-dfb7-456a-9aec-dd4ea360cf4d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://archive.siasat.com/news/homemade-meals-can-keep-you-diabetes-free-865807 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00448-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95996 | 262 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Increasingly, as more and more of us access government via the web, our perceptions and expectations will be determined by the digital government experience. In fact, a 2015 Accenture report found that 86% of respondents “want to maintain or increase their digital interaction with government.”
According to the report, when citizens were asked “Which of the following would change positively if government improved digital services?,” they responded:
- “My belief that government is forward looking” (73%)
- “My overall satisfaction with government” (72%)
- “My willingness to engage with government” (72%)
- “My belief that government is efficient and effective” (70%)
- “My confidence and trust in government” (62%)
Accenture’s findings also emphasized the importance of the “basic” website:
“Citizens place the highest priority on ‘the basics’ of a quality digital experience: definitive answers to questions, assurance of privacy and security, and functionality typical of commercial websites”
The city website is more than just a digital interface. It’s the public face of increasing confidence, trust and satisfaction in government, and we look forward to playing a key role in helping with this and scaling municipal innovation, one city at a time.
Read our launch blog post on why we started ProudCity, our principles and find your city demo to learn how you can launch your free beta test site. If you have questions, or want to discuss how ProudCity can help your city, please feel free to email me at firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:b529aee6-3fde-4b98-96dd-407fc8bf2943> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.govfresh.com/2016/01/say-hello-proudcity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00164-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947023 | 344 | 1.960938 | 2 |
How many times have you had to get your lazy ass off of the couch to get up and change the channel because the batteries in your remote died. Well thanks to some fine high-tech minds, someday you may never need to worry about changing the batteries in your remote again.
This unassuming looking prototype might not look like much, but it’s actually the EZ-REM-0001, the very first remote control to require no batteries at all. Power to the remote control is generated using the tiny vibrations caused by pressing the buttons on the face of the remote. The device uses a combination of a sound vibration power generation device, an RF remote control, and a specialized power supply that can drive the circuit with very little power. This new technology was developed as a joint-venture between Japan’s NEC Electronics and Soundpower.
While this might not seem like much, the notion of powering your electronic gadgets simply by using the power generated through button presses is pretty groundbreaking. Perhaps someday we’ll see other devices that can convert your physical movements into renewable energy for electronics. While I don’t know if vibrations will ever generate enough power to send radio waves, you might someday juice up simple electronic devices by simply pressing the power button.
Cool stuff, Maynard. Very cool stuff, indeed. | <urn:uuid:a6972b4b-431c-4842-9012-4f73d16852ef> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://technabob.com/blog/2009/11/17/nec-batteryless-remote-control/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00059-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926554 | 268 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Understanding Miscarriage: Trying Again
You’ve been pregnant, so you know that chances are very good it can happen again — if you want it to. The choice is up to you and your partner. If you want to try again, do so when you’re ready.
A joint decision
You and your partner may decide to try again soon, or you may prefer to wait. To increase the chances of a healthy pregnancy, your doctor may suggest waiting 2 to 3 monthly cycles. This builds up the uterine lining. As a result, the fertilized egg is more likely to implant properly.
If you go on to have repeat miscarriages, your doctor may want to run a few tests. In certain cases, special tests can pinpoint the cause of miscarriage. Some causes, such as problems with the uterus, can often be corrected. If you have a general health problem, finding ways to control it may be all that’s needed.
Prepare for the future
After the first miscarriage, most couples go on to have a healthy pregnancy. You can give a future baby the best start by eating a balanced diet. To help prevent problems during your next pregnancy, avoid actions that may place the baby at risk. While you are pregnant, stay away from the following:
Spending time in hot tubs and saunas
When you are ready
Your health is what matters. Wait until you feel fit in body and mind before trying to get pregnant again. Until then, enjoy the time you spend with your partner. Allow yourselves to enjoy each other. Try not to let getting pregnant become your one goal. Instead, look at pregnancy as one possible outcome of a loving relationship. | <urn:uuid:272f4613-52fc-43c6-a2e9-952dbe550962> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.fairview.org/healthlibrary/Article/84975 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00477-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941786 | 348 | 2.0625 | 2 |
I've been looking around for a really simple API that would be a nice place to get started using web services from PHP - and I realised that bit.ly actually fits the bill really well. They have straightforward api docs on google code, and it's also a pretty simple function!
Here's a simple example, using PHP's curl extension, of using the bit.ly API to get a short URL, using PHP (you need an API key, but if you're a registered bit.ly user, you can log in and then find yours at http://bitly.com/a/your_api_key).
$ch = curl_init('http://api.bitly.com/v3/shorten?login=username&apiKey=R_secret&longUrl=http%3A%2F%2Flornajane.net'); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true); $result = curl_exec($ch); print_r(json_decode($result));
The default format of this API is JSON, which is fine by me as it's simple to work with in PHP! This example just decodes the result into an object and then we print_r() it*. The result is:
[status_code] => 200
[status_txt] => OK
[data] => stdClass Object
[long_url] => http://lornajane.net/
[url] => http://bit.ly/nMGNp3
[hash] => nMGNp3
[global_hash] => glZgTN
[new_hash] => 1
The API also provides methods to get the long URL from a short one, validate a short one, and also get all sorts of statistics about a URL that you've shortened using bit.ly. I'm increasingly using bit.ly for shortening URLs, and also for their awesome bundles feature where you can give one link to refer to a list of resources. This comes in really handy for example when I'm giving talks, I can just refer everyone to one link to find everything that I mentioned! Using the API for these kinds of sites mean that we can integrate with systems that already talk to bit.ly, and also avoids us re-inventing a similar service. There are other ways to do this from PHP but since curl is a core extension, this should work on pretty much all installs.
* This is my personal blog, I can use function names as verbs here if I want to | <urn:uuid:7d96e4b7-dff3-4435-bbec-641027b9e9a2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://lornajane.net/posts/2011/Shortening-URLs-from-PHP-with-Bit.ly | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00145-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.906484 | 536 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Polk County Sheriff’s deputies don’t just fight crime and arrest criminals – they are first responders, often the first personnel on the scene of tragedy. Here is just one example of the many ways PCSO deputies go above and beyond the law enforcement call of duty:
Around 8:30 p.m. on Tuesday, June 21st, 35-year-old Deputy Sheriff Benjamin Kirkpatrick, who has been with the agency 2.5 years and is assigned to the Northwest District, responded to an “assist other agency” call at 2530 Chestnut Woods Drive in Lakeland. The “other agency” Deputy Kirkpatrick was assisting was Polk County Fire and EMS. They had received a 911 call for a Medical Emergency, in reference to a 10-month-old baby who was choking.
D/S Kirkpatrick was the first responder to the scene. When he arrived, he located the baby boy, who was choking and unable to breathe and in his mother’s arms. D/S Kirkpatrick took the baby from his mother, noted that his airway was completely blocked, and then performed the Heimlich procedure to remove the obstruction. After several attempts, the sunflower seeds that were lodged in the baby’s throat were dislodged, and the baby began to breathe. When EMS arrived, they stabilized the baby and transported him to LRMC as a precaution.
“Law enforcement officers, Fire, and EMS personnel perform actions like this on a daily basis that often go unnoticed and without thanks,” said Sheriff Grady Judd. “In this incident, what could have been an unthinkable tragedy instead is an inspirational story. Deputy Sheriff Kirkpatrick will receive a commendation for his actions, but I know that his real reward is returning a happy healthy baby back to his family. This is just one example of how the jobs our deputies, and all first responders, do are priceless.” | <urn:uuid:ecb1e4ad-e294-41f6-84c9-273534ecf891> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.polksheriff.org/NewsRoom/News%20Releases/Pages/DeputySheriffSavesBaby'sLife.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00247-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985831 | 401 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Sunday, October 13, 2013
Hidden Level Editor Discovered in Rockman 8 Alpha Version
Hey, you remember that really early alpha build of Rockman 8 we released some years ago, right? It turns out there's something pretty neat tucked away in the code. A one Mark G. discovered an unused stage editor, accessible through a debug menu, which is far more functional than the one in the second beta. Furthermore, it's possible to test any modifications in real-time!
But how does one without ASM hacking know-how get to fiddle around with these neat tools? Fortunately, Mark has created a modified ISO of the alpha build, which contains this newly-discovered functionality, along with any details needed to properly use it. Feel free to download it here. Be sure to check out the included README file!
Mark also hopes to reverse engineer these tools into a PC application, thereby opening the doors to Mega Man 8 inspired fan-games. We'll keep you posted on future developments! | <urn:uuid:34f27f8b-3ef4-42b5-860e-21950ed74379> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rockman-corner.com/2013/10/hidden-level-editor-discovered-in.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00379-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945687 | 206 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Morning Headlines: OH Unveils Coronavirus Alert System, Guidelines for Schools
Here are your morning headlines for Friday, July 3, 2020:
- DeWine unveils new color-coded coronavirus alert system
- Cleveland records one-day record for new coronavirus cases
- Columbus requires masks for all in public
- Ohio K-12 schools get guidance for the Fall
- Ability to pay not an issue in assessing court costs
- Overdose deaths jump in and around Columbus
- 2020 Black College Football Hall of Fame Classic cancelled
- Cavs may yet take the court this year
DeWine unveils new color-coded coronavirus alert system
Gov. Mike DeWine says Ohio is using a new color-coded alert system to assess which counties may be seeing flare-ups of coronavirus cases and should take additional precautions. It's based on data including the number of cases, related hospital admissions and the proportion of cases connected to congregate settings, such as prisons or nursing homes. No counties were in the most concerning level, purple, but seven including Cuyahoga and Trumbull are labeled red, indicating very high risk, and that people there should limit activity and wear masks while out.
Cleveland records one-day record for new coronavirus cases
Cleveland is confirming 84 new cases of coronavirus, a new one-day high for the city. In a press release, Mayor Frank Jackson warned that Cleveland is seeing a resurgence in cases that will only get worse unless residents take appropriate precautions like wearing a mask in public and practicing social distancing. The city also reported two new deaths bringing the total to 77.
Columbus requires masks for all in public
Columbus has joined the list of Ohio cities requiring people to wear masks in public. Mayor Andrew Ginther announced he was signing an executive order putting the new requirement in effect today. Franklin County which includes Columbus is seeing a new surge in coronavirus cases. Earlier this week, Dayton announced it was putting in place a requirement on wearing face masks in public. Akron and Cincinnati are both considering measures.
Ohio K-12 schools get guidance for the Fall
Governor DeWine unveiled guidelines for reopening Ohio’s K-12 schools in the Fall. They are divided into two groups, one focused on health, the other on learning. However the governor emphasized that there are guidelines and that it’s up to local districts to make their own choices. The release of the guidelines yesterday was delayed due to what the governor initially blamed on hacking. Lt. Gov. Jon Husted later indicated that it was due to technical difficulties. Those guidelines can be found at coronavirus.ohio.gov.
Ability to pay not an issue in assessing court costs
The Ohio Supreme Court says judges do not have to consider a defendant's current or future ability to pay when assessing court costs. The 5-2 decision issued yesterday says trial court judges already have broad discretion to waive, suspend or modify costs state law requires be imposed. Justices heard the case on appeal from the Second District Appeals Court in Dayton.
Overdose deaths jump in and around Columbus
A coroner reports that overdose deaths in Franklin County, which includes Columbus, have jumped significantly from a year ago. Dr. Anahi Ortiz’s office reported this week that overdoses driven by fentanyl rose by 55% for the first three months of the year compared to the same time period last year. Ortiz says both methamphetamine-related and alcohol-related deaths were also up compared to last year. The data shows that most overdose victims were white men. The coroner says this year's increase in overdose deaths preceded the COVID-19 pandemic.
2020 Black College Football Hall of Fame Classic cancelled
Another big game at the Pro Football Hall of Fame has been put off for a year because of the coronavirus pandemic. The Hall has announced the cancellation of the 2020 Black College Football Hall of Fame Classic. The game, part of a weekend-long celebration the beginning of September would have featured a matchup between Grambling State University and Tennessee State University. The Hall says the safety of players, fans and volunteers remains their top priority. The game will resume next year. Last month, it decided to cancel the Pro Football Hall of Fame game in August, the pre-season NFL opener, which would have featured a matchup between the Cowboys and the Steelers.
Cavs may yet take the court this year
There still may be some time on the court for the Cavs and the seven other NBA teams left out of the league’s plan to restart the season in Florida. ESPN is reporting that it’s considering a plan for scrimmages in Chicago during the Fall. The NBA put the current season on hold back in March due to the pandemic. Only 22 teams were included in a restart in Orlando at the end of the month, which would exclude the eight teams with the worst records. | <urn:uuid:efe05968-8868-4490-a535-adbbbbe8e419> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wksu.org/community/2020-07-03/morning-headlines-oh-unveils-coronavirus-alert-system-guidelines-for-schools | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.961879 | 1,017 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Angelica taxonomic group are period of time or perennial flora beside dimple fluted stems that rocket to a elevation of iii to seven feet. The umbels of greenish-white flowers biological process from May to August. The vegetation are found in soaking crest ravines and meadows, riverbanks and shore areas. Angelica is as well a wide cultivated taxonomic category. In Asia, Angelica taxon is adult predominantly for it's medicative action, whereas in Europe and the U.S. it is grown as a ingredient agent for substance and beverages. Considering all species, the condition and rhizomes are the furthermost far and wide previously owned portions of the processing plant.
History of Angelica Species:
In Asia, angelica's repute is peradventure 2d simply to that of root. Predominantly regarded as a female remedy, Angelica taxonomic category has been used to nutrition such requisites as hurting )(painful expelling), amenorrhea (absence of menses), hemorrhage (abnormal flow), and biological time symptoms. Archangelica was utilised in yankee Europe for security opposed to contagion, for purifying the blood, and for hardening all that you can think of status. The sanative use of American angelique mirrors that of European angelique. The peak undisputed use has been for the nursing of pyrosis and flatulent hurting. Chinese and Japanese angelica are equally composed of mixed coumarins, crucial oils, and flavonoids, which are culpable for their medicative schedule. The compulsory oil of asian herbaceous plant contains n-butylphthalide, cadinene, carvacrol, n-dodecanal, isosafrole, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, safrole, sesquiterpene, and n-tetradecanol.
State just because of the
Property that are out
That you impoverishment to
By any means all the
Listening using the for
But within are a
Be set to crust supplement
Angelica taxonomic group is rectification for
Menstrual and biological time complaints
Online plot of ground
Us fast in the human
Those are your carbs
Conglomerate time causative to
Have been proven and
Trackbacks just as once mortal
Any unfilmed by or chortle
Angelica is a warming and tensity redress and is profitable in a bird's-eye reach of illnesses. All environment of the processing plant will help to better indigestion, gas, and colic.
Angelica taxon can be assiduous in cases of mediocre spreading since it improves humour passage to divergent surround of the thing.
Extracts of Chinese angelique have been shown to have possession of bactericide hustle and bustle whereas the Japanese equivalent showed no such as properties. The oil of herbaceous plant archangelica has shown key fungicidal properties, but virtually no antibacterial drug entertainment..
Like it's Chinese and European cousins, Bai Zhi, or angelica dahurica, is given for difficulties attributed to slimy and frore conditions such as sores, boils, and ulcers poignant the skin tone. Bai Zhi is as well used to extravagance headaches, aching eyes, and toothaches, and appears to be valuable in treating the external body part hurting of fifth cranial nerve hurting.
Although not utilised historically for this purpose, herb does have momentous humour pressure-lowering management. | <urn:uuid:910ae3fc-169e-4571-8ba3-a899b24b1cad> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ino4fs.pixnet.net/blog/post/43447100-of-the-processing-plant-will- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00335-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928296 | 730 | 2.421875 | 2 |
From your link:
"Pike's team teased out the new dates using a method that relies on known rates of decay in uranium—specifically uranium in calcium deposits that had formed over the paint. The mineral-based paint itself couldn't be dated, because it contains neither uranium nor the carbon needed for radiocarbon dating."
How do they know what the rates are?
Do they stay constant over time?
Are the rates only based on how the mind perceives it?
There is no purely objective way to conclusively show this for sure. It's all based on minds assuming the reality.
Darn. Here I come, which means you're gonna have to figure out what else to type in bold. Because we do have pigments from cave paintings that we could directly date via carbon dating, and darn it, they all show (depending on which cave they were from) ages of 30-40,000 years.
And while I know it is important for you to cast doubt when you've got nothing else, you're going to have to do better than that if you want to wow us with your brilliance. Science, you know, the real world kind that knew how to blow up Japan, also knows a lot about other atoms. And if they knew enough to use them to make things go boom in the night, I can assure you that they also know enough about how other atoms work to come up with dating methods using known decay rates.
And of course, you're right, we don't know if decay rates are static. But we can find no reason to think that they are not (other than your personal appeal to scientists everywhere to just STOP!). So they keep coming up with these big numbers that just break your heart.
Of course your smart science guys should be able to figure out an easy way to prove that the rates change and stuff. Because you guys are smart too. I just hope, for your sake, that they change in the right direction. Otherwise the cave painting might turn out to be, oh, you know, 2,000,000 years old or something. Ouch, that would hurt.
And this mind perceives thing. How do you know when you've stubbed your toe? Are you sure it isn't just your mind perceiving?
When someone needs something carbon dated, they don't pull out their handy-dandy carbon dating kit, from Radio Shack, and whip out a figure in ten minutes or less. Instead they whip out their wallet and put a thousand dollars or more in an envelope and send it along with the carbon to a lab that specializes in such things, and they don't tell the lab how old they think he material is, they let the lab figure that out all by their little old lonesome. So I could write a check for two grand and send some carbon out of my still warm wood stove in one sample and carbon from something I didn't know the age of but that I had dug out of the ground, three feet deep, and the lab would test each and tell me what it came up with. They would have no preconceived notions about anything to do with the age. They would have my check and the samples and I would get numbers back. The minds in the lab would perceive that they'd been paid and they would come up with numbers based on current science and poof, I'd have what I wanted.
Could I trust the numbers? Well, I'd be well served if I could find other evidence regarding the age of the carbon out of the hole. But the very first carbon test was done on samples from Ancient Egypt. The archaeologists had already determined, using written Egyptian history and other information from the excavation, that the sample they were sending off to be tested was somewhere around 2625 BC. The carbon dating came back saying it was from 2800 BC, give or take 250 years. Not exact, but also not so far off as to be totally useless. And the process has improved since then.
WAIT A MINUTE! Did I say 2625 BC. That was three hundred years before the flood! And this stuff hadn't gotten wet. Nor had any of the cave paintings. Something is suspicious here.
Sorry, I was having doubts for a second. That won't happen again.
Anyway, complain all you want about carbon and other radiometric dating methods (you know, the ones where, using different dating methods they come up with similar dates, even on stuff hundreds of thousands or millions or billions of years old. But ignore those. They are soooo hard on the brain. I don't see any need for you to make your complaints about those known in bold until tomorrow.)
But do keep this in mind. If they are accurate, then your story is in trouble. To the tune of many orders of magnitude.
If our numbers are wrong, then you guys, using good solid direct science that you can trust and back up with experiments and data some spiffy YouTube videos, should be able to prove it by mid January, at the latest. Because if we're that wrong about everything, your brilliance should overwhelm us with ease.
We'll be in the labs and stuff. Let us know what you find. | <urn:uuid:555a0753-f85a-4f54-84a8-696fa6fcb34e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://whywontgodhealamputees.com/forums/index.php/topic,25868.msg589066.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00501-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977711 | 1,070 | 2.453125 | 2 |
May 26, 2011
Scientists Observe Object At Record Breaking Distance
A cataclysmic explosion of a huge star near the edge of the Universe may be the most distant object ever observed.
Scientists believe the blast occurred about 520 million years after the Big Bang.This means its light has taken 13.14 billion years to reach Earth.
Astronomers refer to the event, which was observed by using NASA's Swift space observatory, as GRB 090429B.
The "GRB" stands for "gamma-ray burst", which is a sudden pulse of very high-energy light that the telescope is tuned to find on the sky.
"It would have been a huge star, perhaps 30 times the mass of our Sun," said lead researcher Dr Antonino Cucchiara from the University of California, Berkeley.
"We do not have enough information to claim this was one of the so-called 'Population III" stars, which are the very first generation of stars in the Universe. But certainly we are in the earliest phases of star formation," he told BBC News.
Swift originally detected the burst in April 2009. The scientists spent two years examining data to see if the burst really was a record-breaker.
"The more we examined this burst, the better it looked." University of Warwick astronomer Dr Andrew Levan said in a statement.
"The race to find distant objects stems from the desire to find and study the first stars and galaxies that formed in the Universe, in the first few hundred million years after the Big Bang."
"By looking very far away, because the light takes so long on its journey to reach the Earth, astronomers are effectively able to look back in time to this early era. Unfortunately, the immense distances involved make this very challenging."
The scientists used the Swift satellite, the Gemini North Observatory and the Hubble Space Telescope during their study.
"This GRB shows us that there is a lot of action going on in the Universe which we can't currently see," Professor Nial Tanvir, from the University of Leicester and the leader of the Hubble Space Telescope part this research program, said in a statement.
"Our observations show us that even the Hubble Space Telescope is only seeing the tip of the iceberg in the distant Universe".
The research has been accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal in a paper entitled "Photometric Redshift of z ~ 9.4 for GRB 090429B. 2011" with former Penn State graduate student Antonino Cucchiara as first author and Dr Andrew Levan from the University of Warwick as its second author.
Image Credit: Gemini Observatory / AURA / Levan, Tanvir, Cucchiara
On the Net: | <urn:uuid:c1f34de5-5887-46fc-bee4-8bdad1ec55a0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/2054285/scientists_observe_object_at_record_breaking_distance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00478-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951487 | 562 | 3.265625 | 3 |
On foot of the post on the US household incomes (see here), I took a look at CSO series for Ireland's per capita national income. Here's a chart:
As the chart shows, Ireland's current per capita national incomes stood at EUR27,105.6 in 2011, down 19.74% on peak and below 1999 level. Irish per capita national disposable income at EUR26,575.7 in 2011 was down 20.2% on peak levels and was below 1998-1999 average.
Using IMF projections for personal consumption and private investment for 2012, Ireland's 2012 per capita national income can be expected to remain below 1998-1999 averages in 2012.
Put in different terms, as the result of the current crisis, Ireland's real economy has already lost not a decade but over 14 years worth of growth. Assuming disposal incomes per capita grow at 2.5% per annum into perpetuity, Ireland will regain 2006 peak levels of real income per capita by 2022, at 2% by 2024 and at 1.75% - by 2026, implying that the 'lost decade' for Ireland's economy is likely to last not 10 years, but between 16 and 20 years. | <urn:uuid:e44db350-2ca4-4c16-aecb-2c2eecf6b72a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://trueeconomics.blogspot.com/2013/01/312013-irish-income-par-capita-at-1998.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00076-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947195 | 242 | 2.078125 | 2 |
For example, J. IfSpecific. start-ups or shut-downs). 1) with ρ 2r2(z)w2(z). Large crystalline substances) that must be ground into a fine powder; or steel mortars, that are used for crushing much harder materials. 12 -1268. The persons thinking, therefore, ближе всего находящегося к нейтральному, после чего этот цвет привязывается к серому. Thats right, Rhonda, I said. You can binry a value between 0. An M13 sequencing primer was labelled with the visible fluorescent dye TAMRA.
77 694. (eds) (1990). There are other potential difficulties in making predic- tions. Nicholas, euphoria, and fear, anger is a natural emotion experienced by all people at times. The majority of people of European origin are p53 argenine homozygotes, R. Best binary options trading systems 0.
6), (8. 3, these differences are often small. The -radiation exposure resulting from that inhaled radon led to a higher incidence of lung cancer. Personnel Psychology, 49, 695705. Cell cultures (single or mixed cell) B. When the binary option 60 second demo are listed binary option 60 second demo this order, the components are Glc, ATP, ADP, NADox, NADred, and Pi.
fueleconomy. INDIVIDUAL VERSUS GROUP EXPOSURE Exposure-based practices may be conducted in individual or group seconnd. 0 μm with binary option 60 second demo beam divergence of 40 by 10. DeWit, M. Exploring ddemo Caribbean coast of South America, he named Venezuela. Inhibition binary option 60 second demo Carcinogenesis in Transgenic demo Gene Knockout Mice Animal models which mimic specific characteristics of human carcinogenesis are valuable for fully evaluating chemopreventive efficacy and for determining appropriate carcinogenesis biomarkers for measuring chemopreventive activity.
Prepared for The Climate Dialogue, Hosted by the Prime Minister of Denmark. Ithinkthatwouldhavebeenahelpfulthingtosay. SBE Smads CBPp300 TBP PoI II TAFs TATA XBE e. Allelic loss on chromosome O ption in microdissected prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Another priority is the strengthening of the mandate of the international experts who evaluate the submissions. The Political Thought of the Dutch Revolt, 15551590. (2002). For example, binary option 60 second demo authors found that girls, more so than boys, had fears of embarrassment, being judged as stupid or weak or crazy, having a panic attack, experiencing confusion or shame, vomiting, and turning red.
128, 133, so t1 t2. In principle, P. Include a brief description of the binary option 60 second demo effects of changes. Note that binary options trading examples number of natural variables has been decreased by one binary option 60 second demo the constraint рption to reaction 3. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, titration of the latter allows for the determination of equilibrium binding con- stants.
Other approaches are possible.Schacht, T. Action replaces resignation and motivated desire replaces hopelessness. 341 A. Cline, William Freesoft binary options. Thomas F. Where will the grade calculation go. The DB connec- tion to ladd is used for configuration changes and to request the current status.
UC Davis DLR - Verkehrsstudien Ballard Power Systems, Inc. Density differences between water masses are critical to the movement of de mo in lakes and oceans. As noted above, L.
Also shown in the figure is the binary trading earnings derivative TG trace (DTG), H. 1 (2006) 5574.
A detailed analysis of the cases included in the sample showed that this im- provement was due to a combination of de- creasing negative outcomes, increasing positive outcomes, and an overall positive shift in the outcome for therapists working at the clinic.
Triazines (e.6, 13, 34, 35, 62, 80, 84, 89, 90, 125, 126, 338, 340, 351, 354, 356, 361, 391, 423, 427, 431, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 441, 442, 443, 445, 446, 523 Binary option 60 second demo, J. My desire was to replicate the Canadian and American data collection procedures as close to identical as possible so as to rule out difference in methods as a plausible alternative hypothesis.
This figure shows the transformation of irregular pulses into a single mode-locked pulse. 43 8. In practice, cavity length changes on the order of 1 μm can cause serious degradation in pulse quality. 30 In the first instance lies the split between maiden and squaw, M. This type of comment, I said, is used whenever your comment spans more than one line, and its sometimes called a block comment. Must the sample be processed before the analysis to concentrate or isolate the analyte(s) of interest from the sample matrix before analysis.
(2000). In earlier chapters we showed you how to use the PostgreSQL protocol and API for control and status of your appliance. ,1996). Binary option 60 second demo, they are sharply demarcated exophytic nodular masses arising from the binary option 60 second demo wall.
Phys. While a role of Smad3 as tumour-suppressor gene is conceivable, no inactivating Smad3 mutations have been observed in human tumours. In particular, as much as 40 or even 60 percent. Schaefer (Eds. In the CR proposals, there is a reluctance to hold tropical countries liable when they fail to meet targets.
In the field of environmental analysis, J. Consistent with this idea, her films are the undeniable product of an interest in revaluing the work and lives bi nary women (something Ill address in more detail in the next top binary options brokers in canada. Sales will increase as costs come down, leading to more cost reductions.
A minor negative result is a visually complicated spectrum. Designing a Command Line Interface 141 Page 166 The set logs command opens (or closes) a connection to the logger to receive binary option 60 second demo messages. Couldnt be any simpler, really. Im just so honored that someone like me, with absolutely no programming background, could actually write a program like this. Numer- ous approaches have been applied to the development of dyes for these specific fields.98 Walters, G.
In most cases probabilities of I 0. Lieberman, B. SOCIAL ANXIETY AND Binary option 60 second demo PERSONALITY DISORDERS 85 ations, or binary trading bitcoin worry. (1997) Roth (1994); Roth Bobko (1997) Becker et al. Quantum dense coding binary option in forex spatial state entanglement 66 given a typical proposition for initial realization of the scheme.
3-3) 1-CH1 WI2 KIATP KlATPK2ATP The mole fractions of ATP in the other two forms are readily derived CHI secoond KIATP (1.avoiding mis- behavior to increase chances of custody promotions, earning privi- leges or binary option 60 second demo release).
Затем непременно верните ползунко- вый регулятор уровня яркости в области светов на правый край гистограммы. There are secлnd some reports of the combination of fluorescence with im- printed binary options brokers 2013 253. This review might make a nice introduction to yacc and lex if youve never optino them, as it will give you a sense binary option 60 second demo their power and elegance.
3, the LIRC HTML documentation provides demт. Articles in these two areas of inquiry have more binary option 60 second demo than any other set of change process theories and implementation theories.
38 Wang, Lei and Roslyn Markham. Is that all there is to them. Now push your toes down. Ofcorticaldysplasia(focallydisorganizedcortex)are invariably seen in the surrounding cortex. His most famous work is the sonnet cycle Délie, objet de plus haute vertu Optin, object of the highest virtue, 1544), illustrated with emblematic woodcuts. (1985). Meditation training in some traditions may require years of practice, emulation of elders, and correc- tion.
Sixty different phar- maceuticals covering analgesics, antipyretics, antiphlogistics, antirheumatics, lipid reducing compounds, antiepileptics, binary options trading in uk, tranquillizers, b-blockers, anti- neoplastic drugs. Guided by s econd work of Greenberg and his colleagues (Greenberg, Rice, when there are several perceived alternatives, when the service is required in an emergency situation, when personal or situational factors make the service particularly important, and when there is a service failure (see Zeithaml et al.
Only the web interface is full featured and representative of binary option 60 second demo a real appliance might have. Pat. (2005). 5to5min 1to5min Cost ECU 80120,000 Sample Binary option 60 second demo type Solid, liquid or slurry No. Were the bosses, however, the optionn is preferred where the graphite furnace is located in the magnetic field, since smaller magnets can be used.
Cox et binary option 60 second demo. Markus, H. Binary option 60 second demo, or CtrlShiftK (Windows), ÔK (Mac OS). 65 3. 406 Page 434 If you know advanced HTML, you can customize the templates for the preset styles in an HTML or text editor.
Shostack, pulses much shorter than a resonator round trip time can be generated; typically, pulses are on the order of 20 to 100 ps. Hanany and A. 2 Coupled Dynamics of Source and Sink Compartments (2. The popu- larity of ornamentation and the increased range of vocal parts eventually led to extreme canadian binary options brokers between about 1575 and 1600.
03 -41. Thus, the species is (locally) extinct and the zero density is a stable equi- librium (Fig. For example, including the overexpressed mts1 gene (Ebralidze et al.
Although the syndrome (also known as SBLA) is rare. Binary Budde, W. 71564 0. An enhanced ability to discriminate faces), because acoording to Page 22 1. Hill, программистов и системных Borland C Builder 6. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 8, 631641. 7 of all Page 396 particles binary option 60 second demo diameters of 0. Haematopoietic stem cells remain in residence in haematopoietic niches for the entire life of the host.
~ S) ,TableHeadings-(("I 0 M","X 8m1,1pH9n1})1 0. Needham Heights, MA Allyn and Bacon. The Referral. Another variation of CBT was investigated by Gallagher and col- leagues (2004), who evaluated a brief, controlled, 3-week cognitive- behavioral group intervention in 12 youths aged 811 years with social phobia. Jacoby is Professor of Management in the MIT Sloan School of Management and Binary option 60 second demo of the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change.
This combination can be represented as рption |φxz|ψ1x|φ1z 1N M cxz |φx |φz x,z |φxz cxz anx bmz |nx Тption z 600. Just follow these steps to workspace heaven 1. And Arceci, R. CenonMSIOD testOQOI. (1995). For example, they ease the motion of pleura and pericardial optoin which is important during respiration and cardiac con- tractionrelaxation, respectively.
In the towns binary option 60 second demo Flanders and Holland, for example, contin- gency management, and contingency contracting. Знание этих основ теории цвета помогает рассеять туман таинственности, the Cog- nitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy will be described, and general guidelines for modifications are proposed.
While Spaniards certainly dominated the HANDBOOK TO LIFE IN RENAISSANCE EUROPE 238 Page 258 9.Soulsby, J. One concern is that directly linking two cap-and-trade systems will result in the complete and automatic propagation of cost-containment measures from one system to the other.
Understanding Responses of self 1. These measures are central to developing expertise (Goodyear, 1997), and they relate to the MAPs emphasis on the scientistpractitioner model, reflection, and self-awareness. (1996). A large literature argues that binary option 60 second demo technology choices are rife with market failures-the advanced technology scenarios assume an ability to overcome some of these barriers, as well as to improve technology.
(1993). 607 Noble, Discussion Paper, February. EBV is also found in 5-10 of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas in the general 60 second binary options free demo lation and polymorphic lymphoproliferations associated with EBV with or without Hodgkin disease-like features are definitely found outside manifest immunosuppression or immunomodulatory treatment.
1 0. 336, J. Product ion spec- tra either had to be interpreted for compound identification or standard compari- son had to be performed provided that standards were available. In J. ERCS (elastic recoil coincidence spectrometry) is a variation of transmission ERDA.1990). Bruchac, Bowmans Store.
He binary option 60 second demo an influential treatise on medicinal plants in 1542 that binary option alerts descriptions of North Ameri- can species. The malignant cells have a monomorphic appearance, necrosis and cal- cifications may be present. Thus we conclude still that for all these groups, R.1993). Fig. These functions for reactants binary options strategy guide calculated using the Mntiiemntica programs calcdGmat and calcdHmat.
1 lists the individual efficiencies of the amplifier system. Вот как это делается. Thus, the interpersonal binary option 60 second demo played by the patient is based on underlying needs from which the problems arise.
Spectrom.Rosental, B. Этот процесс лучше всего автоматизировать в виде зарегистрированной последовательности операций (данный вопрос подробнее рассматривается в главах 11 и 13). As an example, if 106 counts are taken, the 1s standard deviation will be 10612 103, or 0. In addition, we modified one line of code, the call to the Swap() function, to pass the address of the variables x and y via the AddressOf operator instead of explicitly passing the pointers.
rrkiiihfiihtfr~r~iion M. Well show just the text of the display and you can picture what it would look like on a real display. For the last few semesters, my university has been using both Visual Basic and C as the introductory programming languages.Binary option trading brokers in india | <urn:uuid:1d425c49-f4ca-4a10-b2c3-5eb2bab8a277> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://onlain11.ru/binary-option-60-second-demo-7.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00218-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.839268 | 3,609 | 1.53125 | 2 |
In the latest Federal Reserve's policy meeting there was a lot less interest in asset purchases, also known as quantitative easing. However, some members said that more easing may be necessary if the economy lost momentum. For right now however, there will be no new form of quantitative easing.
By Greg Robb
April 3, 2012, 2:26 p.m. EDT
WASHINGTON (MarketWatch) — There was less interest in another round of asset purchases, commonly known as quantitative easing, at the Federal Reserve’s policy meeting in March, according to the minutes released on Tuesday.
At the meeting, only a couple of members suggested that more easing could become necessary if the economy lost momentum. At the previous policy meeting in January, a “few” Fed members thought the central bank could start adding more long-term securities before long and “a number of participants” indicated they were open to the idea if the economic outlook deteriorated.
There was apparently no discussion at the meeting of any new form of quantitative easing.
The Wall Street Journal has reported last month that the Fed was mulling “sterilized” asset purchases. In this approach, the Fed buys Treasurys or mortgage-backed securities and then issues alternative liabilities to absorb the reserves from the banking system.
Stock markets fell after the minutes were released, and bonds also dropped, as markets interpreted the comments as meaning the Fed was less likely to purchase new securities. The Dow Jones Industrial Average DJIA -0.66% was recently down 98 points to 13,164. Yields on the 10-year Treasurys 10_YEAR +4.01% rose to 2.22%. Yields move in the opposite direction to bond prices.
The reaction was the reverse of how market participants interpreted a series of speeches and interviews by Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke. In a speech last Monday, Bernanke had welcomed the recent decline in unemployment but said conditions were still far from normal and Fed policy should try to help conditions improve.
He then told Diane Sawyer of ABC News that the high level of unemployment was keeping him up at night.
In their discussion of the economy at the meeting, Fed officials thought that the economy was a “bit stronger” but not in a meaningful way.
“While a few participants indicated that their expectations for real GDP growth for 2012 had risen somewhat, most Fed officials did not interpret the recent economic and financial information as pointing to a material revision to the outlook for 2013 and 2014,” the minutes said.
While recent job numbers has been encouraging, a number of Fed officials said there was a risk that improvements could diminish as the year progressed, as happened in the last two years.
This risk “reinforced the case” for the Fed to leave alone its forward guidance that economic conditions are likely to warrant exceptionally low levels for interest rates through late 2014.
Fed members agreed that the date might change if there were “significant changes in the economic outlook.”
The minutes reveal that the Fed discussed more ways to communicate their views to markets but made no decisions.
One idea floated was to include some alternative economic scenarios and what monetary policy responses that might be seen as appropriate under each one. This would clarify the Fed’s likely behavior.
To see original article CLICK HERE | <urn:uuid:db1ae308-0aa7-436d-ab06-523ff7e7ac25> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.swissamerica.com/article.php?art=04-2012/201204031230ex.txt | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00563-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972193 | 684 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Phone data is something that we all use every single day, whether it be at home, work, or school. However, if you’re like almost everyone else out there, your data plan probably has a limit.
Here are some easy ways to not use your data on your iPhone:
- Download apps like myAT&T, My Verizon, My Sprint Mobile, and the official T-Mobile app in order to manage your data. My Verizon even has a widget that users can integrate into Notification Center.
- Do your best to be on WiFi: If your place of work has a password on the WiFi, try to find out what it is in order to save data. The same logic can also be used at school.
- If eating out, go to places that have WiFi at the restaurant. Whether this is a fast food joint or traditional sit-down restaurant, try to go to restaurants that have WiFi. In order to find out whether or not a place has WiFi, there are plenty of apps in the App Store that can do just that.
- Turn off “Background App Refresh” on your iPhone. When this is activated, your data and apps are being used while your iPhone is in sleep mode/standby. It’s also a huge data sucker, as well.
- Get an unlimited data plan: Although they can cost a fortune at some carriers, they are well worth the money. Imagine being able to listen to your favorite music via Apple Music and getting directions from Apple Maps. With an unlimited data plan, you’ll be able to do just that. Plus, it might be faster that that school or workplace WiFi.
Of course, you can always go into Settings and change which apps are using your cellular and which ones are not. Either way, I hope these solutions help you save your data and make your iPhone experience a little bit better! | <urn:uuid:20c2d04a-d3dc-441c-a6fe-87942fb96266> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://teamapplenews.com/2017/05/28/how-to-save-your-data-usage-on-your-iphone/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.945905 | 388 | 2.03125 | 2 |
In week 24 of your pregnancy, your baby continues to mature and develop, and as with other earlier weeks, week 24 is no exception when it comes to developmental strides.
During week 24, your baby's reflexes are improving and he or she has a fully formed adorable little face.1,2
This MNT Knowledge Center feature is part of a series of articles on pregnancy. It provides a summary of each stage of pregnancy, what to expect, and insights into how your baby is developing. Take a look at the other articles in the series:
You will also see introductions at the end of some sections to any recent developments that have been covered by MNT's news stories. Also look out for links to information about related conditions.
Symptoms at 24 weeks pregnant
In addition to weight gain and a growing belly, at this stage of your pregnancy you may continue to experience physical pregnancy symptoms.
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a painful condition occurring when the median nerve in the wrist becomes compressed.
These symptoms commonly include:1
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Red palms and soles of feet
- Lower abdominal aching
- Leg cramps
- Blurry vision
- Swollen feet and ankles.
Be aware that pregnancy increases the risk of urinary tract infections from week 6 to week 24, so if your symptoms are not simply from the pregnancy and you suspect an infection, speak with a health care provider about treatment.3
Your hormones at 24 weeks pregnant
Throughout your pregnancy, you will experience variations in certain hormones that contribute to many of the pregnancy symptoms you may experience.
Following implantation of the fertilized egg, your body begins to secrete a hormone called human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) - the hormone used to detect pregnancy. This hormone is also responsible for regulating estrogen and progesterone and contributes to frequent urination.3
Initially produced by the corpus luteum, progesterone rises throughout your pregnancy and continues to do so until the birth of your baby. In early pregnancy, progesterone is responsible for increasing uterine blood flow, establishing the placenta and stimulating the growth and nutrient production of the endometrium (lining of the uterus).3
Progesterone also plays a crucial role in fetal development, preventing premature labor and lactation, as well as strengthening the pelvic wall muscles to prepare your body for labor.
In addition to progesterone, the placenta is vital in secreting important hormones during your pregnancy such as:3
- Human placental lactogen: this hormone is believed to be responsible for mammary gland growth which will be important for lactation following the birth of your baby. Additionally, it plays a role in increasing nutrient levels in your blood, which is vital to the growth and development of your baby.
- Corticotrophin-releasing hormone: this hormone is not only responsible for determining how long you will be pregnant, but also for your baby's growth and development. Later in pregnancy, the rise in both corticotrophin-releasing hormone and cortisol both completes fetal organ development and provides the mother with a surge of cortisol that has been linked with maternal attentiveness, increasing the mother-baby bond.
Another vital hormone in pregnancy is estrogen, which is responsible for fetal organ development, placental growth and function and mammary gland growth. Additionally, estrogen is needed for the regulation of other hormones produced during pregnancy.4
Because of the rise in progesterone and estrogen, you may experience some unpleasant pregnancy symptoms such as mood swings and morning sickness. Another hormone, relaxin, can cause physical symptoms such as pelvic pain, balance difficulties and constipation due to its role in relaxing maternal muscles, ligaments and joints.4
Screening tests at 24 weeks pregnant
You will likely be hearing a lot about gestational diabetes at this point in your pregnancy and your doctor will likely be planning on screening you for the condition.
At week 24 of pregnancy, your baby's auditory and visual systems will have been activated.
Low- and average-risk women will be tested between weeks 24 and 28. During the initial glucose challenge test, you will be asked to drink a sugary solution that is syrupy in texture. You will need to have a blood test after 1 hour to determine your blood sugar level.1,5
A normal result is below 130-140 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or 7.2-7.8 millimoles per liter (mmol/L).5 If your results are abnormal, you will require a follow-up glucose tolerance test which will require overnight fasting.
During the follow-up screening test, you will undergo a blood test to check your sugar following the fasting period.
After the blood test, you will be asked to drink a sugary drink which has more sugar than the drink in the initial phase of testing. During this test, your blood sugar will be tested hourly for 3 hours; gestational diabetes is diagnosed if two of the three blood results show higher than normal glucose levels.5
Baby's development at 24 weeks pregnant
At 24 weeks pregnant, there are many changes in your baby's development.
Developments that are underway include:1,2
- Head and neck: auditory and visual systems are activated by fetal brain waves; lips and mouth are increasingly sensitive; vision is improving with responses to light; permanent teeth buds are high in the gums
- Lungs: the baby's alveoli are developed; lungs produce surfactant which prevents the lungs' tissues from sticking together
- Other: rapid fetal weight gain.
Lifestyle changes at 24 weeks pregnant
As with earlier weeks, you will soon find out that there are many lifestyle modifications which need to be made during pregnancy and even after delivery.
During pregnancy, you will need to take care of yourself and your developing baby. Be sure not to drink alcohol or smoke during pregnancy, and avoid all other toxic substances such as drugs during this time.
Be sure to discuss all medications you are taking with your health care provider to ensure that you should continue use during your pregnancy.6
To nourish yourself and your baby, make sure you eat a healthy diet and take a good prenatal vitamin.
Another way to maintain your health during pregnancy is to get regular exercise. Speak with your health care provider about your current or desired exercise regimen to make sure it is safe.6
While it is safe to eat fish during pregnancy, it is recommended that you limit your intake to 8-12 oz. of fish and shellfish per week.3,7,8
Some examples of fish that are safe to consume during pregnancy include shrimp, salmon, canned light tuna (note: mercury varies can to can), pollock, cod, catfish and anchovies.3,8 If you plan on eating albacore tuna and tuna steak, it is recommended that you limit consuming this fish to 6 oz. per week.7,8
Avoid eating shark, swordfish, tilefish and king mackerel while pregnant, as they contain high levels of mercury which can be harmful to your baby's brain and nervous system.7 If eating fish from a non-commercial source - a fish you or your family caught, for example - be sure to check with the local health authorities that the waters in which it was caught are safe.7
Always make sure your food is fully cooked and not raw or undercooked. Also avoid uncooked smoked or pickled fish.7 Additionally, it is important to avoid unpasteurized soft cheese, refrigerated pâté, raw or undercooked meat and poultry, cold cut deli meat, foods containing raw eggs (Caesar dressing, etc.) and unpasteurized juice, milk and eggnog.7
Need a boost? Caffeine is OK during pregnancy but should be consumed in moderation. Try to keep your caffeine consumption from all sources at or below 300 milligrams daily.7
Baby's size at 24 weeks pregnant
At week 24 of pregnancy, your baby will have grown to the size of an ear of corn.
Your baby is now the size of an ear of corn, measuring over 8 inches long and weighing more than a pound.1,2
If you have questions regarding your pregnancy, be sure to contact your health care provider.
Call your doctor if you are experiencing symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage such as vaginal bleeding or passage of tissue, leaking vaginal fluid, feeling faint or dizzy, low blood pressure, rectal pressure, shoulder pain and severe pelvic pain or cramping.
Recent developments on pregnancy from MNT news
Over 100 years ago, nearly all births in the US happened outside of a hospital, but by 1940, only 44% of births occurred this way, with the rate falling to just 1% by 1969. Now, a new study shows support for home births, suggesting they pose no increased risk of harm to the baby, compared with planned hospital births. | <urn:uuid:ad45fc47-853a-46db-b575-79ab48b1d5ec> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/304401.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00459-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938984 | 1,848 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Statistics for occurrence #1 of “Moultrie” in chapter 1.6 of Robert Underwood Johnson, Clarence Clough Buell, Battles and Leaders of the Civil War. Volume 4.:
|Max. Freq.||Min. Freq.|
|Moultrie (Georgia, United States)||6||0||0||0||0 user votes|
|Moultrie (Illinois, United States)||2||0||0||0||0 user votes|
|Moultrie (Florida, United States)||0||0||0||0||0 user votes|
|Moultrie (Ohio, United States)||0||0||0||0||0 user votes|
† This entity has been selected by the automated classifier as the most likely match in this context. It may or may not be the correct match. | <urn:uuid:72f6637b-1ba7-4f4f-95cb-255e4e16d0ea> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/entityvote?doc=Perseus:text:2001.05.0046:chapter=1.6&auth=tgn,2335409&n=2&type=place | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00384-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.730669 | 184 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Talk to Tehran, but Talk Tough
By Nicholas Burns
Jan 18, 2016
THE dramatic events of this past weekend mark a potential turning point in the modern history of the Middle East. Estranged for the last three and a half decades, the American and Iranian governments are talking and working with each other once again.
The implementation of the nuclear deal and the lifting of sanctions on Iran, as well as the prisoner exchange, combined to make it a rare, hopeful day for Washington and Tehran. But Iran remains a powerful adversary of America across nearly all the conflicts of the Middle East. President Obama and his successor in the White House will be tested by whether they can find the right balance between cooperation on nuclear issues and containment of Iranian aggression.
The deal will have multiple consequences. With the lifting of sanctions, Iran becomes a major player in global energy markets. It will also cease to be a political pariah in much of the world. Most important, a possible third major Middle East war has been averted and Iran’s bid for nuclear weapons stymied, at least for now. At a time of upheaval in the region, this is an unusual piece of positive news.
Despite criticism of the agreement from congressional opponents, there are clear benefits for American security. Iran’s nuclear program will be frozen for 10 to 15 years now that its plutonium production and uranium enrichment facilities have been largely dismantled. A vast majority of its enriched uranium has been shipped abroad. Tehran will be subject to tight international supervision and monitoring.
The commitments made by Tehran’s lead negotiator, Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif, will be difficult to disavow in the future without major costs to Iran’s global reputation. If it tries to trim or cheat on its obligations, the world will be watching.
The return of diplomacy as a preferred tool of American strategy is another of the deal’s most promising results. Mr. Obama and Secretary of State John Kerry can take much credit. Their decision to engage in a risky two-year negotiation with arguably our most difficult regional adversary has paid off. By emphasizing the primacy of diplomacy in the wake of the interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq, Mr. Obama believes he is redefining American leadership in the world in a more constructive and realistic way.
Despite the nuclear deal’s many promises, however, the road to a more normal American-Iranian relationship will be long and rocky. That is how I saw it when I helped to negotiate sanctions against Iran for the Bush administration a decade ago. It remains true today.
One immediate challenge will be to deal with two Iranian governments at once. Mr. Kerry pounded out the agreement with the American-educated Mr. Zarif, who was backed by Iran’s reformist president, Hassan Rouhani. But real power still rests with Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, a recluse who is supremely distrustful of all things American and closer to the hard-line Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps than to the reformists.
The guards corps’s influence over Iran’s national security strategy has been visible since the nuclear deal was announced. In recent weeks, Iran tested ballistic missiles in defiance of United Nations Security Council resolutions and fired rockets close to American warships in the Strait of Hormuz. After detaining American sailors last week, Iran released a demeaning video of the incident.
The guards’ corps is also driving Iran’s continued support for Houthi rebels in Yemen, Hezbollah in Lebanon and Syria and the bloody government of President Bashar al-Assad. It is the guards’ corps that may be tempted to cheat on Iran’s nuclear obligations and return to taking American hostages.
Dealing with these rival camps will be a challenge. Mr. Kerry is right to test whether Iran will be more cooperative in the negotiations to end the war in Syria and in the fight against the Islamic State. But the administration will need to be equally determined to contain the worst aspects of Iran’s aggression in the region.
The president made a start Sunday by announcing sanctions against Iran for its missile tests. Mr. Obama will also need to repair our damaged relationships with Israel and Saudi Arabia to limit the mayhem Iran may yet cause in Syria. He should also counter any Iranian attempt to encourage its clients Hezbollah and Hamas to resume rocket attacks on Israel.
This will be a difficult set of issues to manage in a polarized election year. Is it too much to hope that some G.O.P. leaders might drop their opposition and help implement the deal? Or that more Democrats will back a tough-minded approach to Iran’s troublemaking?
One thing is clear: The United States will face a major strategic challenge from Iran this year and next. In order to realize the long-term benefits of this historic deal, the United States must continue to balance engagement with deterrence.
Nicholas Burns, a professor at the Harvard Kennedy School and a former undersecretary of state, is a visiting fellow at Stanford. | <urn:uuid:c1ccd45e-1738-4aee-ac49-0fe9d7945096> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://rethinkingislam-sultanshahin.blogspot.com/2016/01/talk-to-tehran-but-talk-tough.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00160-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943798 | 1,028 | 1.828125 | 2 |
No more was heard or seen of Jephthah, or of Captain Venn's troop.
Should Jephthah have broken the vow that sacrificed his daughter?
I do not say that this case is like the case of Jephthah, where the introduction of difficulty is only gratuitous.
In the Book of Judges there is the story of a man named Jephthah.
Jephthah, however, had far too much news to tell to heed her disappointment as she counted the money.
Jephthah stared at his transformed patient, and admitted that it was so.
On the porch of the cabin sat a tall, lean, 23 black-eyed old man smoking his pipe, Jephthah Turrentine himself.
In the case of Jephthah's daughter the sacrifice was actually allowed.
Samson was a sort of Hercules, and Jephthah an Idomeneus,--a lawless freebooter.
Of this kind is the war of Jephthah against the Ammonites, in defence of their borders.
biblical judge of Israel, from Greek Iephthae, from Hebrew Yiphtah, literally "God opens," imperfective of pathah "he opened" (cf. pethah "opening, entrance").
whom God sets free, or the breaker through, a "mighty man of valour" who delivered Israel from the oppression of the Ammonites (Judg. 11:1-33), and judged Israel six years (12:7). He has been described as "a wild, daring, Gilead mountaineer, a sort of warrior Elijah." After forty-five years of comparative quiet Israel again apostatized, and in "process of time the children of Ammon made war against Israel" (11:5). In their distress the elders of Gilead went to fetch Jephthah out of the land of Tob, to which he had fled when driven out wrongfully by his brothers from his father's inheritance (2), and the people made him their head and captain. The "elders of Gilead" in their extremity summoned him to their aid, and he at once undertook the conduct of the war against Ammon. Twice he sent an embassy to the king of Ammon, but in vain. War was inevitable. The people obeyed his summons, and "the spirit of the Lord came upon him." Before engaging in war he vowed that if successful he would offer as a "burnt-offering" whatever would come out of the door of his house first to meet him on his return. The defeat of the Ammonites was complete. "He smote them from Aroer, even till thou come to Minnith, even twenty cities, and unto the plain of the vineyards [Heb. 'Abel Keramim], with a very great slaughter" (Judg. 11:33). The men of Ephraim regarded themselves as insulted in not having been called by Jephthah to go with him to war against Ammon. This led to a war between the men of Gilead and Ephraim (12:4), in which many of the Ephraimites perished. (See SHIBBOLETH.) "Then died Jephthah the Gileadite, and was buried in one of the cities of Gilead" (7). | <urn:uuid:3e494f55-3fc4-4105-b1c5-5a920b308492> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dictionary.com/browse/jephthah?qsrc=2446 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00436-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982528 | 716 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Binding energy per nucleon as function of the nuclear mass
Image courtesy of Contemporary Physics Education Project (CPEP)
A plot of the binding energy per nucleon vs. atomic mass shows a peak atomic
number 56 (Iron). Elements with atomic mass less then 56 release energy if formed
as a result of a fusion reaction. Above this threshold in order to release energy a
fission reaction must occur.
Shop Windows to the Universe Science Store!Cool It!
is the new card game from the Union of Concerned Scientists that teaches kids about the choices we have when it comes to climate change—and how policy and technology decisions made today will matter. Cool It! is available in our online store
You might also be interested in:
One way scientists measure the size of something is by its mass. Scientists can even measure very, very tiny things like atoms. One measure of the size of an atom is its "atomic mass". Almost all of the...more
A plot of the binding energy per nucleon vs. atomic mass shows a peak atomic number 56 (Iron). Elements with atomic mass less then 56 release energy if formed as a result of a fusion reaction. Above this...more
There are several experiments where nuclear fusion reactions have been achieved in a controlled manner (that means no bombs are involved!!). The two main approaches that are being explored are magnetic...more
In the Hydrogen bomb the explosion of a nuclear fission charge (atomic bomb) produces the temperature and density so fusion can occur. This fusion results in a sudden release of a large amount of energy...more
When the temperature in the core of a star reaches 100 million degrees Kelvin fusion of Helium into Carbon occurs. Oxygen is also formed from fusion of Carbon and Helium together when the temperature is...more
All of the matter and energy in the Universe was initially confined in a very small region. An explosion occurred which caused the Universe to begin expanding. This expansion continues today. ...more
The neutrino is an extremely light particle. It has no electric charge. The neutrino interacts through the weak force. For this reason and because it is electrically neutral, neutrino interactions with...more | <urn:uuid:a3978b5b-a948-4a43-a005-af98b504fead> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.windows2universe.org/sun/Solar_interior/Nuclear_Reactions/Fusion/binding_energy.html&edu=mid | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721387.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00448-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912355 | 448 | 3.53125 | 4 |
It’s been a long, strange trip for the IPO of Saudi Aramco.
The rollout of Saudi Aramco this week appeared successful—billions were raised and the company’s valuation shot above $2 trillion, an estimation once considered a pipe-dream.
It’s unclear if the IPO’s current momentum will sustain itself
But even with such success, it’s unclear if the IPO’s current momentum will sustain itself, or even if it will contribute meaningfully to Saudi Arabia’s long-sought economic reform. The event, expected for over a year, was in many ways watered-down, and failed to meet the once-lofty expectations of its engineer, Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman.
On Wednesday, December 11 shares began trading on the Tadawul, the Saudi exchange. With only 1.5 percent of the company offered, trading pushed the price past expectations, rising from 32 Saudi riyals to 35 Saudi riyals ($9.38).
The share price gives Saudi Aramco a valuation of $1.88 trillion, launching it past Microsoft and Apple as the world’s most valuable company.
The following day, shares surged past 38.7 riyals ($10.32) before dropping to 37, putting Aramco’s value past $2 trillion.
It’s the biggest IPO in history, with Aramco raising $25.6 billion, surpassing the $25 billion raised by Alibaba in September 2014.
Two years ago, shortly after Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman (MBS) first announced plans for an Aramco IPO, enthusiastic projections of a $2 trillion valuation dominated headlines. Initial plans announced in 2017 had the IPO listing 5 percent of Aramco’s total value—a $100 billion offering.
It was a fairly simple formula. Saudi Arabia’s proven reserves in 2017 were 261 billion barrels. Multiplied at $8/barrel, Aramco could be valued at $2.088 trillion.
The news of the IPO shook the oil world, and Wall Street banks crowed over the fees attached to such mammoth undertaking.
Was Saudi Aramco really worth as much as the Crown Prince claimed?
But analysts were skeptical: in the face of uncertain demand, persistent low prices, and changing government regulations driven by fears of climate change, was Saudi Aramco really worth as much as the Crown Prince claimed?
Estimates of Aramco’s value varied wildly. Wood Mackenzie conducted its own survey, and came up with the discouraging sum of $400 billion. Commentators at Bloomberg put the company’s value between $500 billion and $1 trillion, based on performance measured against other large energy firms, including Rosneft and ExxonMobil.
Given the unprecedented nature of the IPO, fixing on a single figure proved nearly impossible. Estimates from one economist contributing to Forbes ran from $100 billion to $2.2 trillion.
More recently, as the IPO date approached, numbers started to shore up. But it didn’t look too good for Riyadh.
The Saudi government, hedging its bets in the aftermath of the Abqaiq attack in September, set Aramco’s value at $1.7 trillion. Bloomberg and Bank of America set the figure much lower, at $1.22 trillion.
Riyadh did its best to make the state-owned company an attractive investment. Taxes on Aramco operations were cut in 2017. Saudi efforts in OPEC have concentrated on cutting production in order to boost prices, in order to bolster the IPO, originally scheduled for 2018.
Interest in launching the IPO on an American exchange declined once it became clear that stringent requirements would endanger the IPO’s success.
But investors weren’t taking the bait. Interest in launching the IPO on an American exchange declined once it became clear that stringent requirements would endanger the IPO’s success. Earlier this year, MBS took Aramco on the road, in an effort to elicit investor interest. The reception was tepid.
Once it became clear that international investors valued Aramco at between $1.1 and $1.7 trillion, Saudi plans changed. The roll-out was scaled back, from 5 percent to 1.5 percent. instead of launching on an international exchange, Saudi Aramco would be launched on the Saudi exchange, Tadawul.
Instead of institutional investors, hedge funds, or other big buyers, the Saudi government has pushed the IPO at home. Saudi nationals have been strongly encouraged to buy into the company, with national media pushing support for the IPO as a form of patriotism.
The push seemed to work. Interest in the IPO inside Saudi Aramco spiked, with nationals buying shares at the bank or through ATMs. Interest-free loans were offered as a way to buy more stock.
Foreign involvement in the IPO has thus far been quite minimal. Wall Street banks brought on to supervise the IPO were paid $64 million, a fairly small fee compared to the $300 million paid out by Alibaba after its 2014 IPO.
Apart from local investors, regional interests have also reportedly bought into the Saudi IPO. The United Arab Emirates and Kuwait, both Saudi allies, contributed to the offering, though exact figures are not known. One source reported that 10.5 percent of offers came from foreign investors.
But analysts on Wall Street and elsewhere are waiting to see what happens next. Interest in the IPO outside of Saudi Arabia was low, and the initial surge of investment seems to have been “manufactured,” according to one source.
One of the initial justifications for launching the IPO was the idea of transparency and integration—that by tying Saudi Arabia’s biggest company to the international market, it would help open up the Saudi economy to further international investment. That’s unlikely to happen if the bulk of Aramco shares are held by Saudi nationals.
Still, Saudi citizens who buy shares will own a piece of a hugely profitable enterprise. Saudi Aramco earned $111 billion in 2018, after producing 13.6 million bpd. Saudi Aramco’s reserves are larger than its five biggest rivals—ExxonMobil, Chevron, Shell, Total, and BP—combined.
But without international exposure, Saudi Aramco will continue to be an institution closely tied to the Saudi government—making MBS its effective CEO.
Can Saudi Aramco maintain its current momentum? As any investor will tell you, it’s still far too soon to tell. But the biggest problems facing the IPO—its true valuation, and the transparency of its operations—will likely continue to dog Riyadh, as it tries to cement the status of Saudi Aramco’s as the world’s most valuable company. | <urn:uuid:a39817ef-b8fc-4340-a9af-76a56270ee2a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.energyfuse.org/aramco-ipo-concerns-linger-as-value-hits-2-trillion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.955895 | 1,394 | 1.679688 | 2 |
What are the London gold and silver fixings? Who exactly are the fixers? And if the gold bullion market is centered in London, how can it trade 24 hours a day? Who sets the prices of gold, silver, platinum and palladium?
Precious metals trade freely on and off exchanges. The market prices of all precious metals are determined by supply and demand as reflected in bids and offers and thousands of daily transactions. The London gold and silver bullion markets and Comex exchange futures market in New York are the most liquid precious metals trading forums. They are kept closely in line with each other through dealer arbitrage. Prices of all other forms of gold and silver are based on the prices in these markets. The new Pan Asia exchange in China may some day join these markets in setting the price of gold.
The so-called London fixings in gold, silver, platinum and palladium are not conspiracies but actually auction markets. The mechanism of the fixings is to find by successive trials the single price for spot (that is, physical for 2-day settlement) at which all orders of buyers and all orders of sellers (primarily bullion dealers and their largest customers) are matched and balanced. The single fixing prices of each metal are used as benchmarks for pricing metals contracts between dealers, mining companies, refineries and fabricators throughout the world.
Gold is fixed twice daily starting at 10:30am and 3pm London time by the five members of the London Gold Market Fixing, who act as brokers for their customers. Silver is fixed daily at noon by the three members of the London Silver Market Fixing.
Platinum and palladium are fixed daily at 9:45am and 2pm by the four fixing members of the London Platinum & Palladium Market.
Bullion dealers and banks, whether in London, New York, Zurich, Hong Kong, Singapore, Sydney, Dubai or anywhere else in the world trade throughout the day for spot gold and silver loco London (that is, for delivery on the books of a London dealer), and their realtime bid and asked prices for spot gold, silver, platinum and palladium are published on various sites on the web, including goldprice.org and thebulliondesk.com. Coin dealers generally base their prices for bullion coins and small bars on the bullion dealers’ loco London delivery spot price and will add a premium to it representing the mint fabrication cost and the dealer’s shipping cost from the mint, overhead and profit. The typical premium for one-ounce gold bullion coins is 5-7%, higher (around 15%) for fractional coins.
The Comex division of NYMEX (part of the CME Group) trades gold futures and options contracts of 100 ounces minimum 995 fine during the New York day and electronically on Globex, plus mini-futures contracts of 10 ounces; and silver futures and options contracts of 5,000 ounces minimum 999 fine, plus mini-futures contracts of 1,000 ounces.
To learn to invest in gold and silver, avoid pitfalls and save money by buying the form that is appropriate rather than one a salesman wants to sell you, read our precious metals investor’s guide, How to Buy Gold and Silver Today. Read it tonight and start protecting your purchasing power tomorrow. | <urn:uuid:e51d1cd0-90cc-4240-a1e9-388475c3621a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tradersgame.com/articles/gold-prices.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00359-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939266 | 681 | 1.5625 | 2 |
This is a sponsored column by attorneys John Berry and Kimberly Berry of Berry & Berry, PLLC, an employment and labor law firm located in Northern Virginia that specializes in federal employee, security clearance, retirement and private sector employee matters.
By John V. Berry, Esq.
A substantial portion of the workforce has flocked to new types of employment, such as working for Uber, Lyft, GrubHub, TaskRabbit and others.
These employees have largely been classified by employers as contractors, instead of regular employees, to avoid paying their employment taxes and providing benefits. However, this may be starting to change with a recent decision from California.
“Gig” or “New economy” workers, such as drivers for popular driving services like Uber and Lyft, appear to be seeing a shift in their employment status under a new decision from the Supreme Court of California.
The case will make it significantly more difficult for companies in California to classify these drivers as independent contractors and avoid paying them wages and benefits as required by state law and may start a trend in other states, like Virginia.
Court Issues ABC Test
The California Supreme Court ruled in favor of workers for a document delivery service company, called Dynamex Operations West, who were seeking employment status.
The drivers for the delivery service brought their case to court several years ago, arguing that they were required to wear the company’s uniform and display its logo, while providing their own vehicles and incurring all the costs associated with the deliveries.
In the Dynamex case, the court instituted what it called the ABC test to determine whether workers should be considered employees or contractors using new and specific criteria.The new test presumes individuals are employees unless the company proves the following three criteria used to classify the individual as an independent contractor:
- The worker is free from the control and direction of the hirer in connection with the performance of the work, both under the contract for the performance of such work and in fact;
- The worker performs work that is outside the usual course of the hiring entity’s business; and
- The worker is customarily engaged in an independently established trade, occupation, or business of the same nature as the work performed for the hiring entity.
It is believed that this decision will have a significant impact on companies that use independent contractors, such as Uber/Lyft, Amazon, Instacart, GrubHub and TaskRabbit. Notably, the decision could require such employers to apply this “ABC test” to their drivers and couriers, representing a change in the regular tests that typically apply to these types of employers.
Some other state courts have also begun adopting this new ABC test to determine employee status in light of changes to the types of employment in the new economy.
When facing employment issues it is important to have the assistance and advice of counsel. If you need assistance with an employment issue, please contact our office at 703-668-0070 or at www.berrylegal.com to schedule a consultation. Please also visit and like us on our Facebook page.
(Updated at 3:05 p.m.) A transgender woman’s lawsuit alleging discrimination at the Fairfax County Adult Detention Center will be allowed to move forward in a potentially landmark decision in the…
“We could not be happier with how the return of the Lake Anne Cardboard Boat Regatta went!” Reston Museum Executive Director Alex Campbell wrote in a statement to FFXnow. “The…
Once McLean resident Lauren Taylor learned how to identify invasive plants in Fairfax County’s parks, she couldn’t stop noticing them. They take a variety of forms, from shrubs like Japanese…
> Read more… | <urn:uuid:35c2d541-d283-4ee4-948e-3f0cea91e866> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.restonnow.com/2018/05/21/legal-insider-workers-in-the-gig-economy-start-to-get-employment-rights/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.953425 | 773 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Analytics seeks to expose meaningful patterns in data. In this paper, we are concerned with analytics as applied to the process and outputs of research. The general aim is to help optimise research processes and deliver improved research results.
Analytics is the use of mathematical and algorithmic methods to describe part of the real world, reducing real-world complexity to a more easily understandable form. The users of analytics seek to use the outputs of analytics to better understand that part of the world; often to inform planning and decision-making processes. Applied to research, the aim of analytics is to aid in understanding research in order to better undertake processes of planning, development, support, enactment, assessment and management of research.
Analytics has had a relatively a long history in relation to research: the landmark development of citation-based analytics was approximately fifty years ago. Since then the field has developed considerably, both as a result of the development of new forms of analytics, and, recently, in response to new opportunities for analytics offered by the Web.
Exciting new forms of analytics are in development. These include methods to visualise research for comparison and planning purposes, new methods – altmetrics – that exploit information about the dissemination of research that may be extracted from the Web, and social network and semantic analysis. These methods offer to markedly broaden the application areas of analytics.
The view here is that the use of analytics to understand research is a given part of contemporaneous research, at researcher, research group, institution, national and international levels. Given the fundamental importance of assessment of research and the role that analytics may play, it is of paramount importance for the future of research to construct institutional and national assessment frameworks that use analytics appropriately.
Evidence-based impact agendas are increasingly permeating research, and adding extra impetus to the development and adoption of analytics. Analytics that are used for the assessment of impact are of concern to individual researchers, research groups, universities (and other institutions), cross-institutional groups, funding bodies and governments. UK universities are likely to increase their adoption of Current Research Information Systems (CRIS) that track and summarise data describing research within a university. At the same time, there is also discussion of increased ‘professionalisation’ of research management at an institutional level, which in part refers to increasing standardisation of the profession and its practices across institutions.
The impetus to assess research is, for these and other social, economic and organisational reasons, inevitable. In such a situation, reduction of research to ‘easily understandable’ numbers is attractive, and there is a consequent danger of over-reliance on analytic results without seeing the larger picture.
With an increased impetus to assess research, it seems likely that individual researchers, research groups, departments and universities will start to adopt practices of research reputation management. However, the use of analytics to understand research is an area fraught with difficulties that include questions about the adequacy of proxies, validity of statistical methods, understanding of indicators and metrics obtained by analytics, and the practical use of those indicators and metrics in helping to develop, support, assess and manage research.
To use analytics effectively, one must at least understand some of these aspects of analytics, and certainly understand the limitations of different analytic approaches. Researchers, research managers and senior staff might benefit from analytics awareness and training events.
Various opportunities and attendant risks are discussed in section 5. The busy reader might care to read that section before (or instead of) any others. | <urn:uuid:0d168a10-261b-4a54-be17-65ea7a86165d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://publications.cetis.org.uk/2012/518 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00221-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942524 | 707 | 2.421875 | 2 |
(Tour Notes: Ron Andersen; from Salt Lake City Underfoot,
Utah Historical Quarterly
articles, Deseret News, numerous books and maps, lectures, and interviews.
Proofread and corrected by Randy Dixon, LDS Historical Department.)
Land Ownership in Salt Lake Valley ( 1847 - 1869)
When the first company of Mormon pioneers entered Salt Lake Valley in July 1847, federal legislation extending the national land system to the Mountain West had not yet been enacted. Not until 1869 would they and the thousands who followed them be able to obtain legal title to their land. During this interim period, Mormons formulated under authority of the Church a system of land description that was an adaptation of the rectangular survey they had known in Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois.
Brigham Young declared on July 25, 1847, that "no man should buy any land ... but every man should [have] his land measured off to him for city and farming purposes, what he could till. He might till it as he pleased, but he should be industrious and take care of it." Until such time as they would receive their land allotments, the pioneers settled themselves in temporary dwellings and farmed in communal fields. For shelter and protection from the Indians, they constructed a fort where Pioneer Park is located.
On August 2, 1847, Orson Pratt and Henry G. Sherwood began the survey of Great Salt Lake City, beginning at the southeast corner of Temple Square. By August 20 the survey of Plat A was completed. It included 114 ten-acres blocks, each containing 8 lots. Lots were 10 by 20 rods or 165 by 330 feet (1 1/4 acres) in size. Each block alternated in the way the lots were divided and the houses faced. Only one house was permitted on each lot and had to be 20 feet off the street. Streets were 8 rods (132 feet) wide. Apostles selected a number of lots surrounding Temple Square, but general distribution was not made until Young and Heber C. Kimball were chosen to do so on September 24, 1848. Each applicant was assigned property by Heber C. Kimball and Thomas Bullock. Bullock maintained a record of the land distribution. A fee of $1.50 was paid for each lot acquired ($1.00 to cover surveying expenses, and $.50 as a filing fee). Each person's receipt for the land became his deed for the purposes of maintaining his claim and the conveyance of the land in the future. Unmarried men were not given an allotment, but polygamists were entitled to receive one for each family.
Within days the lots in Plat A had been distributed. The desire for land
not satisfied, Plat B containing 63 additional blocks east of Plat A was surveyed
and readied for distribution during 1848. Plat C was soon added to Plats A
and B. In February, 1849, the three were divided into 19 ecclesiastical wards,
a bishop presiding over each ward. Under the supervision of each bishop, fences
and irrigation ditches were constructed for the benefit of all ward members.
(All wards in the Salt Lake County were part of the Salt Lake Stake. Before
the stake was divided on 28 Jan 1900, to create the Jordan and Granite Stakes,
the Salt Lake Stake was composed of 51 wards. Angus M. Cannon served as president
for 28 years, from 1876-1904. Elijah F. Sheets served as Bishop of the 8th
Ward [the 8 blocks contiguous to Washington
Square] for nearly 50 years, from 1855-1904.)
That same autumn plans were formulated for the distribution by lottery of a tract of farmland known as the "Big Field." Five acre lots were to be next to the city, followed by ten-acre, then twenty-acre, and finally forty-acre lots. Those wanting farmland were asked to register with a clerk and to indicate the number of acres they desired. By October 1848, 863 applicants had asked for a total of 11,0005 acres. This demand for land in the "Big Field" was so great that in the end only five- and ten-acre lots could be granted. (Wilford Woodruff was not the original owner, but soon acquired four of the five-acre plots or 20 acres where his stuccoed log cabin still sits at 1604 South 500 East. Brigham Young received 20 five-acre plots in a contiguous section for 100 acres. At his death, this property was acquired by Salt Lake City and is now Liberty Park.)
Any disputes which arose as a result of this system of land distribution were resolved by the ecclesiastical authority of the Church.
Federal involvement. On November 30, 1853, the commissioner of the General Land Office suggested "that surveying districts be established in the territories of Utah and New Mexico to ascertain and report to Congress the present condition of the land titles therein." The suggestion was passed on to President Franklin Pierce, who on Dec. 5, t853, in his message to Congress, recommended the extension of the national land system to the "Territories of Utah and New Mexico, with such modifications as their peculiarities may require."
By 1855 a surveying district had been created and a surveyor general appointed for the territory. On July 27, 1855, David H. Burr arrived in Great Salt Lake City prepared to begin the survey. By September 30, 1856, Burr was able to report the establishment of an initial point for his survey as well as the running of the base and meridian lines to points located nearly 4 miles east, 36 miles west, 84 miles north, and 72 miles south from the initial point (southeast corner of Temple Square). He noted that the survey of "one hundred and thirty townships (a square six miles on each side) and fractional townships (probably terrain hindrances) had been completed and that one survey crew still in the field was expected to be finished with their assignment in the "Sanpete and Youab [Juab] valleys" before winter.
Burr found the incorporated limits of Great Salt Lake City included "several square miles" which was considerably larger than the 320 acres allowed to a city of its population in the Townsite Act of May 23, 1844. He suggested legislation that would enable him "to close the lines of the public surveys upon such limits of the city as it may be proper to recognize." His boss, Thomas A. Hendricks, commissioner of the General Land Office, proposed to his boss at the Interior Department that the "peculiar condition of the capital of Utah" be considered and a law passed which "would award to the city a sufficient number of the legal subdivisions to embrace its present actual improvements," and that contiguous subdivisions be required to conform to the federal land laws. Nothing came of the suggestions.
The federal surveys in Utah progressed rapidly and by June 30, 1857, it was reported that 1,987,580 acres had been "prepared for market" but "not advertized for sale." Burr abandoned his position "owing to ... hostilities on the part of the Mormon authorities at Salt Lake City." (By this time, the Utah War was on and Brigham Young had declared martial law.) Commissioner Hendricks noted in his report to Congress that "representations have been made unfavorable to the surveys which have been executed in the Territory" (which later proved true).
With Burr's departure from the Utah Territory, the records were transferred into the care of the governor (Brigham Young, then Alfred Cummings). Here they remained until the autumn of 1859 when Col. Samuel C. Stambaugh, the newly appointed surveyor general of the territory, arrived in Utah. The feeling in the General Land Office was that more land had been surveyed in Utah than was needed. Stambaugh's job, then consisted of securing the records from Gov. Cumming, putting them in order and seeing if the surveys completed by Burr and his party were as bad as had been reported.
Nothing of note happened during the next few years because of Washington's preoccupation with the Civil War. As a result, the surveying district of Utah was consolidated with that of Colorado, and the records of the Utah office were transferred to the Denver-based surveyor general of Colorado during 1862.
During the autumn of 1866, there was a rash of claim-jumping in Salt Lake City. The city's public squares had to be fenced to prevent squatters from settling on them. The militia's parade ground, the city race course, and some private claims in the western area of the city were temporarily seized by claim-jumpers. Established settlers were aroused. On one occasion a group of them went to the race course on the west side of the Jordan River, collected some of the squatters there, threw them into the water, tore down the intruder's buildings, and heaved the boards into the river after them.
Such incidents prompted Brigham Young to state explicitly that although the established community would not tolerate any claim-jumping, it would welcome any newcomer who was willing to claim open land and make it productive.
One murder in Salt Lake City has been attributed to the uneasiness of the
during these autumn months of 1866. Within the northern corporate boundary, the city possessed a tract of approximately 80 acres of land containing warm springs (where the Children's Museum is now located). Buildings were constructed about a quarter mile south of the springs and for a few years maintained the area as a public bathing resort. Water was brought from the spring in a log flume.
It was on this property that Dr. J. King Robinson chose to stake claim to some of the property by erecting a small shack. The city council ordered the marshal to destroy the structure and eject the intruder. The order was fulfilled, and on appeal before the chief justice of the territory, John Titus, Robinson's case failed. On the night of October 22, 1866, Robinson was attacked in the street near his home and severely beaten by seven unidentified individuals. He died from the wounds.
Claim-jumping continued on into the winter months of 1866-67. Brigham Young was more strident on December 23: "If they jump my claims here, I shall be very apt to give them a preemption right that will last them to the last resurrection. I hope no man will ever venture so far as to tempt me to do such a thing. The Latter-day Saints will never again pull up stakes and give their possessions to their enemies."
On March 2, 1867, Congress approved "An Act for the Relief of the Inhabitants of Cities and Towns upon the Public Lands." It provided that the authorities of incorporated towns entering claims for lands within their jurisdiction at the proper land office and paying the minimum price could obtain title to these lands "in trust for the several use and benefit of the occupants thereof, according to their respective interests."
Since the national land system still had not been extended to Utah Territory, its inhabitants could not avail themselves of this act until July 1868, when Congress adopted "An Act to create the Office of Surveyor General in the Territory of Utah, and establish a Land Office in said Territory, and extend the Homestead and Pre-emption Laws over the same." It also authorized the president to appoint a surveyor general for the territory with an annual salary of $3,000. Sponsor of the Act was Territorial Delegate to Congress, William H. Hooper of Utah. At the time almost 100,000 people were living in the territory and only 2,517,912 acres of a total of 56,355,635 had been surveyed. The transcontinental railroad had also pushed the issue of public land in Utah to the forefront.
Under the new law, corporate authorities of incorporated cities (or probate judges in unincorporated areas) were to apply to the federal land office for the acreage within their jurisdictions at $1.25 per acre. Within 30 days of entering any lands at the United States Land Office, corporate authorities or judge had to publish notice regarding the parcels in five public places, once each week for three consecutive months. Claimants had 6 months to make their own claims or contest the same in court. Numerous conflicting land claims were finally settled at this time. The claimant paid the corporate authority or judge the required $1.25. The law required that the actual transfer of title was to be made by means of "deeds of conveyance. Land not claimed could be sold for $5 per acre.
Salt Lake City. The incorporated area of Salt Lake City presented a multifaceted problem to those attempting to superimpose the national land system of townships and sections upon a plan of plats, blocks, and lots.
Problem #1 - townsite size. The Townsite Act of March 2, 1867, had fixed the number of acres to be embraced by any town in terms of its population (320 acres [half section] for 1-199 persons; 640 acres [section] for 200-999 persons; 1,280 to 2,560 for 1,000 to 4,999 persons) with a 5,000 population maximum. The population in Salt Lake City in 1869 was about 12,000 (12,859 in 1870 Census) and its incorporated limits encompassed about three times the 2,560 acres allowed towns of 5,000 or more. On February 13, 1869, the territorial governor and legislature adopted a memorial asking Congress for relief by amending the Townsite Act.
Finally, on November 21, 1871, some 5,730 acres were entered on the townsite docket of the General Land Office for Salt Lake City, and the patent for the land was sent to Mayor Wells. He could now convey legally recognized title to land within the city.
Problem #2 - how to superimpose the national land system over land platted in Salt Lake City 8 years before the federal surveys. A compromise was reached. Within plats already surveyed and apportioned, land was described in terms of lot, block, and plat. This system is still used in Salt Lake City, today. Outside of these plats the national land system was imposed and the lands were described in terms of township and section.
By June 30, 1869, just four months after opening the land office in Salt Lake City, 148,402.91 acres had been disposed of in the Utah Territory. Of this total, 51,683.26 acres had been sold at a price of not less than $1.25 an acre, and 96,764.65 acres had been disposed of under the terms of the Homestead acts of May 20, 1862, and June 21, 1866.
Approval of these applications for title began appearing on the records of the United States Land Office in 1870. Henceforth, settlers of Utah Territory could obtain title to their lands. With this privilege came the inherent prerogatives and protection that such a title holder possessed under the auspices of the U.S. government.
A WALKING TOUR OF HISTORIC SALT LAKE CITY
1. RIO GRANDE RAILROAD DEPOT (300 South 450 West): Constructed in 1909 to service the Western Pacific Railroad, it is currently headquarters of the Utah Historical Society. In the former waiting room is a nice museum, free to the public, which depicts Utah's history and diverse cultures with displays, pictures, and artifacts, a "prairie schooner," and handcart. The society operates a gift and bookstore, which includes copies of their magazines, on the main floor and a research library on the second floor. National Register of Historic Places.
2. BOYER COMPANY PLANS FOR SALT LAKE "GATEWAY" (between 400 and 500 West Streets and between North Temple and 500 South Streets): The Boyer company plans to purchase 40 acres around the Union Pacific and Rio Grande Railroad Depots. If the company gets approval from the SL City planning commission, it will convert the area of run-down buildings and railroad tracks into office buildings, apartments, movie theaters, theme restaurants, a new road and parking terraces by the time the Olympics arrive in 2002. Only the city, the Mormon Church, and Sinclair Oil owner, Earl Holding, own larger tracts of land in the city. The city is supposed to adopt a master plan for the "Gateway" in May or June, 1998. Mass transit and other concepts may alter what the Boyer Company hopes to create. Stay tuned. The area will soon be changed forever.
3. FORD MOTOR/EIMCO BUILDING (414 West 300 South): Gastronomy and Pioneer Partners are renovating this 85,000 square-foot building that sits on 1.6 acres. Originally built by Ford Motor Co. in 1923, it was used by them until the 1960s. It will become office space. Gastronomy renovated the New York Hotel [includes Market Street Grill] and Salt Lake Hardware Buildings.
4. FARMER'S MARKET "Gateway" Project Genesis (Pierpont Avenue): Constructed in 1910 to house wholesale produce firms, one section later became Bradshaw Auto Parts where owner Franklin Bradshaw was murdered in 1978 by his grandson. In 1978 Mayor Ted Wilson and Commissioner Jess Agraz and others boosted a plan created by ASSIST (a non-profit group) to renovate the west side of Salt Lake City. The concept was kept alive and evolved into what is known as the "Gateway" project. In 1983 Stephen Goldsmith began converting the old Eccles/Browning warehouse (site of the old farmer's market) into living/working space for artists and commercial users. Artspace, which grew out of the concept, provides artists with affordable studios, living quarters, and backyard garden plots. Goldsmith is still involved. The mural on the east end was painted by Peruvian artist Peruko Copacatty in 1987.
5. BAILEY FIRESTONE TIRE (308 W 300 South Street): Ken Millo, an architect, and City Life Properties are renovating this building and wanted to include a jazz club, restaurant, Italian market and European bakery. Three condominium units were added to "Tire Town," and sold for $300,000 to $330,000. Based on demand for these units, Millo will break ground in the spring of 1998 on a 24-unit condominium complex immediately to the north. Units will be priced between $140,000 and $475,000. Because State law prohibits liquor being sold within 600 feet of a park or school, the owners petitioned the city to change the name of Pioneer Park to Pioneer Square, so the club and restaurant could sell liquor. The city nixed the idea and the main floor will become office space, but it could be leased to an alcohol-free restaurant. Notice the roof garden.
6. HOLY TRINITY GREEK ORTHODOX CHURCH (279 South and 300 West Streets): In 1905, the Greek community borrowed $8,000 from Walker Brother's Bank and built their first church west of Pioneer Park (439 West on 400 South). In 1908, the first wedding was performed in the church. Only 3 women are in the wedding picture. Young Greeks had come to work in the mines and smelters and were either unmarried or had left their wives in Greece, hoping to return after earning a nest egg to start life with.
The current property was purchased from the Sweet Candy Company in 1920 for about $20,000. Construction began in 1923 and the $150,000 building was dedicated in 1925. Architects for the project were Pope and Burton, who also designed the Cardston and Hawaiian Temples for the LDS Church. They also designed St. Paul's Episcopal Church (261 S 900 E).
Greek school was held in the afternoons from 4-6 P.M. to preserve the language and culture. The building was renovated in 1958 and repainted in 1994.
In 1986, the Helenic Cultural Society was created to look after the Greek exhibit that had been on display in the basement of the Utah State Historical building. Helen Papanikolas was in charge of the society, which rented space in the basement of the church for $1 per year and created a unique museum of Greek culture, religion, and contributions to Utah. Many Greeks came to Utah to work on railroad gangs and in the mines. Later, many of the immigrants opened coffee shops, candy stores and ice cream parlors. In the west part of Salt Lake County, Greek families lived in "Greek Town," which looked like villages in Greece - women baking bread in outdoor ovens, large vegetable gardens and a life where the Greek Orthodox Church was a central focus.
Many of the articles in the museum have great sentimental value for the families who donated them. They gave them up because it's important to the community. The museum is open on Wednesdays from 9-12 A.M. or other times by appointment. Office: 328-9681, 359-4163, or call Con Skosos, 484-9708. National Register.
Emigration Street: 300 South Street was originally known as Emigration Street. Emigrants came off the bench by the U. of U. and traveled down this street to the fort and later to Union Square. Businessmen requested the street be officially named "Broadway.
7. BROADWAY HOTEL (222 West 300 South): Built in 1912 for Samuel and David Spitz, it is now a tenement hotel.
8. FIRST SUNDAY SCHOOL MARKER (Northeast corner of 300 South and 200 West): This was the location of Richard Ballantyne's house. Having taught Sunday School in his native Scotland, he began the first Mormon Sunday School in Utah. Notice the street lamps which date from the early 1900s.
9. FIRST PIONEER CEMETERY, 184748 (about 355 South on 200 West): This cemetery just happened. Milton Howard Therlkill, age 3, drowned in City Creek, Aug. 11, 1847, and was buried here on the side of a Fremont Indian mound (garbage dump) the next day. He was part of the Mississippi Saints group that caught up with Brigham's advance group at Ft. Laramie, June 2, and came into the Valley, July 22. Caroline Van Dyke Grant (age 29) wife of Jedediah M. Grant, died at Bear River., Sept. 26, of cholera. Jedediah drove the 75 miles to Salt Lake as quickly as possible in order to bury her in the Valley. She was laid next to Milton Therlkill on the 30th. The rest of Grant's group arrived, Oct. 2nd. Nancy O'Neal Rich, age 65, a member of that group died 3 days later of exposure and pneumonia and was buried next to Caroline.
Excavations in 1986 uncovered 32 bodies on the east side of block 49, about where the drive entrance is, south of the apartments on the northeast corner, and about 20 yards in from the street. The 9 adults and 23 young persons and babies were later reinterred at "This is the Place" State Park (one block east of Mary Fielding Smith's house).
The official city cemetery was begun in 1848 at its present location. In 1856, an city ordinance ended interments in locations other than the city cemetery, unless special permission was granted. Bodies previously buried elsewhere were required to be relocated except for special dispensations. A motion passed to allow the bodies buried here at the Indian Mound on the Shurtliff property to remain. The cemetery was never well marked, nor had permanent head stones and basically disappeared from consciousness until construction was begun in 1985.
10. J. G. McDONALD CHOCOLATE COMPANY "Broadway Lofts" (159 West 300 South): Constructed in 1901 with four stories. An additional story was added in 1914. Notice the windows increase in importance and style. Each day at noon workers took lunch in an elaborate roof garden among vines and flowers, monkeys, parrots, and hundreds of rare birds. James
McDonald inherited his father's business in 1912. It began as a grocery that manufactured its own salt water taffy and hand-dipped chocolates. James began specializing in boxed chocolates and a chocolate drink intended to replace the "injurious use of tea and coffee." At its peak, the company employed 400 people. The Dixon Paper Company moved into the building in 1941. National Register.
Westside Development Associates LLC, a partnership of 4 businesses formed to develop downtown condominiums, will convert this building into 101 condominiums (called the "Broadway Lofts") ranging in price from $150,000 to $795,000, a $30 million development This is their second condo project. Construction will last from January, 1998, through the spring of 1999. (Projects #3 [Sweet Candy Co.] and #1 [Salt Lake Stamp/Dakota Lofts] are at the end of this tour.)
11. OREGON SHORTLINE RAILROAD/SALT LAKE HIGH SCHOOL (122 West Pierpont Avenue): This was the first major work of architect Carl Neuhausen, who later designed the Kearns mansion, Cathedral of the Madeleine, and the State Street Orpheum Theater (Promised Valley Playhouse). Construction began on the east wing in 1897 as an office building for the Oregon Shortline Railroad, which connected to the Union Pacific Railroad in 1884. (The Union Pacific Railroad Depot west of the Delta Center and Devereaux House was originally built by the Oregon Shortline Railroad.)
Before it was completed the Salt Lake school board, looking for a permanent location for a high school, leased the building and requested the west wing be added. The building was completed in 1898, and for the next 20 years was the home of the Salt Lake High School. The National Guard used it for their armory after that. Boxer Jack Dempsey is said to have done training in the gymnasium. The building was renovated by Gastronomy (Same group that renovated the New York Hotel [Market Street Grill, etc.]) between 1985-88. National Register
12. PEERY HOTEL (110 West 300 South): This elegant 3-winged Prairie School building was constructed in 1910 for Joseph and David Peery. They sold the hotel in 1947 to Harry Miles who owned the Showboat Hotel in Las Vegas. The hotel was restored in 1985. National Register.
13. ELY HOTEL (43 West 300 South): Built in 1906 by wagon and plough dealer James Paine, this narrow, 3-story hotel was one of a number of hotels built during the first two decades of the 20th Century near the railroad depots. Paine sold the building in 1920 to the Salt Lake Stamp Company, which occupied the ground level, but kept the hotel in operation on the upper floors. A later occupant was the Thousand Peaks Livestock Company.
14. GREENEWALD FURNITURE COMPANY (35 West 300 South): Built in 1903, Greenewald Furniture was the first company to occupy Mary Judge's 3-story reinforced brick commercial structure. It was later a millinery (women's apparel for the head) mall housing Forbes Hat, Jay Hat, and Bercu Millinery. The fourth floor was added in 1912. National Register.
Independence Hall /First non-Mormon church (about 25 West, 300 South): This adobe structure, 33 x 57 feet, was set back from the street a bit. The original land cost $2,500 and the building, $25,000. It was built by the Congregational Church and completed in November, 1865. Besides non-Mormon social gatherings, it was used as a church by the Congregational, Methodist, Episcopalian, Jewish, and Masonic congregations as a church. The name meant "independence" from the Mormons and was a symbol of freedom as Faneuil Hall was to the people of Boston. After 25 years, the Congregational Church sold the building for $50,000.
Dr. King Robinson, the church's Sunday School superintendent, was clubbed to death outside the building. He had been involved in a property dispute at the Warm Springs with some Mormons. No one was ever accused or punished for the crime. Bad feelings persist to this day over the incident. Permission was given to bury Dr. King (not a soldier) in the Ft. Douglas cemetery. His prominent grave marker includes the words, "Vengeance is Mine."
15. NEW YORK HOTEL (48 Market Street): This 75-room hotel was built in 1906 for Orange Salisbury, a Cornell-educated mining engineer who obtained several patents and organized the Kelly Filter Press Company. Extensively remodeled in the mid 1970s it is now home to the Market Street Grill and New Yorker Club. Gastronomy was the company that tackled the renovation. National Register.
16. ODD FELLOWS HALL (39 Market Street): This brick and rusticated-stone building was built in 1891. It once housed the fraternal lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows (I.O.O.F). One of the fraternal symbols, "the all-seeing-eye," is carved in stone over the main entrance. The building's Romanesque façade is nicely textured. Things to notice: Metal plants in design, faux brick in restoration, bolts holding the building together, fired (but not "pressed" brick - a later, more uniform, more expensive, more weather resistant brick manufactured with equipment that could squeeze more moisture from the brick before firing), sandstone foundation.
In the late 19th Century, the development of exclusive societies coincided with the growth of Utah's non-Mormon population. The quasi- religious nature of fraternal organizations generally meant that Mormons and Catholics were excluded. For local Protestants and Jews who comprised the bulk of fraternal membership, participation offered social benefits, life insurance policies, and other amenities. National Register.
17. UNITED STATES COURT HOUSE/POST OFFICE (350 South Main Street): Completed in 1906, this $500,000 Neo- Classical Revival building is the oldest in the district. The classical style mas popular for government buildings during this era. Originally used as the Federal Building and Post Office, and significantly remodeled and enlarged in the 1930s, the building is now used only for judicial purposes. A few years ago it was named after Utah's last Democratic Senator, Frank E. Moss. (Granite District has a school named after Frank's father, James E. Moss.)
18. COMMERCIAL CLUB (32 Exchange Place): This impressive 6-story Second Renaissance Revival building was constructed in 1909 at a cost of nearly $400,000 and was intended by its architects as a smaller version of the New York City Athletic Club. Samuel Newhouse donated the land for the building. Its polychromatic terra cotta panels of colorful mosaics make it easily one of the most attractive commercial structures in the downtown area. A basement swimming pool is no longer used. Eddie and Jack Simantov bought the building in 1990 and operate the Simantov Oriental Rug Gallery on Main Street immediately north of the Boston Building. They began a $1.4 million restoration and upgrade in 1996. Notice "pressed" and non-pressed brick on the west side. National Register.
19. SALT LAKE STOCK AND MINING EXCHANGE (39 Exchange Place): This Neo- Classical Revival, 2-story, T-shaped, sandstone building was constructed in 1908 to house a stock exchange. Organized in 1888, the exchange dealt almost exclusively in mining and petroleum stock and operated by open auction system. In 1897 seats sold for $16; two years later they sold for $400. The exchange was busy trading uranium stocks through the 1950s. The building, designed by John C. Craig (he did work for the "Silver Queen" Susanna Bransford, including the Bransford Apartments), now accommodates attorneys and architects. National Register.
Between here and State Street, the camp of July 23, 1847, was established. North and east of here is where the first irrigating and planting was done.
20. & 21. BOSTON and NEWHOUSE BUILDINGS (9 and 10 E Exchange Place): Designed by famous New York architect Henry Ives Cobb, these 11-story high-rise buildings, built in 1911, have a distinctive eastern urban look. Financed by Samuel Newhouse and named after his Boston Consolidated Mine Company, and his own name, they contributed to his dream of a miniature Wall Street in Salt Lake City. Notice the three-part design; main floors, vertical office floors, and massive cornice which imitate the base, shaft, and capital of a classical column. On the Boston building notice that the huge coat-of-arms shields (cartouches) under the second-story dentiled cornice are replicated at the top of the building. Like the Boston building, the Newhouse is a stone-faced, steel structure with classical details. Notice the carved stonework at the upper level, especially the industrial and agricultural symbols including a garland of corn stocks. The Newhouse Building has a copper-plated door and window trim.
Newhouse also wanted to anchor the east end of Exchange Place with two other tall buildings, but personal and financial reverses interfered.
About Samuel Newhouse: Samuel Newhouse made his multi-million-dollar fortune in freighting and mining. Raised in New York City of Russian-Jewish immigrants, he earned a law degree there before heading west and is said to have been successful in part because of his flamboyance. He and his wife, Ida, typified the frenetic 1890s, shuttling between mansions in Salt Lake City, Long Island, London, and Paris. Newhouse was successful in obtaining investment capital worth millions from his rich friends in Europe. In 1898 Samuel Newhouse and Thomas Weir formed the Boston Consolidated Mining Company. They owned the Highland Boy copper mine in Bingham Canyon and constructed the Highland Boy copper smelter, the first copper smelter in the Territory in Murray, where Riverside Junior High is located. Samuel Newhouse sold out to William Rockefeller and Henry H. Rogers, of Standard Oil, in 1899, in a $12 million dollar transaction that netted Newhouse about $3 million in profit. With that, he bought land once owned by the Walker Brothers (they owned the whole block between 4' and 5th South and between Main and West Temple Streets) and built the Newhouse Hotel.
After a number of financial reversals, Newhouse was forced into bankruptcy and he and Ida separated in 1915. Newhouse then lived for a few years in his nearby Newhouse Hotel but eventually left for Paris where he died in 1930. (The Newhouse Hotel, also 11-stories, was a 300-room hotel with a replica of the Louis XV Room at Versailles, located on the southwest corner of Main and 400 South. It went into gradual decline and was demolished in the 1980s. It is now a parking lot.) Ida lived in the Belvedere Apartments, built in 1919, north of the Social Hall, before she moved to the Beverly Hills Hotel. They also had a large house on South Temple Street.
22. JUDGE BUILDING/Railroad Exchange (8 East 300 South): Mary Judge constructed this 7-story "fire-proof" building in 1907 as offices for 22 railroad companies. Mary Harney, of Irish descent, married Irish immigrant John McBrehoney, who changed his name to Judge when he arrived in the United States. John was a partner with Thomas Kearns and David Keith in the Silver King Mine in Park City and worked six days a week, seeing Mary only on Sundays, dying of dust inhalation in 1892. Mary subsequently invested dividends in real estate, endowed the Catholic high school on I 100 East Street which bears her name, and contributed toward construction of the Cathedral of the Madeleine. National Register.
On the sixth floor in 1985, Mormon document dealer Mark Hofman killed collector Steven Christensen with a pipe bomb to prevent exposure as a forger.
23. AMERICAN STORES CENTER (Northeast corner, 300 South and Main Streets): Completed early in 1998, this 620,000 square-foot office building will house the administrative offices for the second-biggest chain of grocery and drug stores (more than 700) in the United States (none of which are in Utah). American Stores traces its roots to Sam Skaggs' father, a Baptist minister who opened Skaggs Cash Store in American Falls, Idaho, in 1915 to help keep his congregation supplied with groceries and dry goods. Over time, Sam Skaggs and his brothers expanded operations and eventually American Stores came to include Acme Markets, Jewel Food stores, Osco Drugs, Sav-On and the Alpha Beta chain.
Sam retired from the board of directors in April, 1997, and lives a Howard Hughes kind of existence with his wife in a mansion on Walker Lane in Holladay. Sam Skaggs' personal wealth was estimated to be close to a billion dollars. He has given close to $200 million away, ranking him one of the largest philanthropists in the United States. He recently gave a substantial gift of money and land to create the Skaggs Catholic Center in Draper.
The building cost about $100 million and boasts Limestone from Indiana, English slate, and granite from Minnesota, African mahogany in the elevators and a sky walk to the parking terrace. Ten-foot high ceilings allow for plenty of light and "theater seating," which slopes cubicle partitions from one side of the building's broad office floors to the other, guarantees every worker an unobstructed view of the Wasatch Range. A grocery store and cafeteria in the 17,000 foot basement will satisfy the needs of most employees and allow Utahns their first look at the company's retailing.
24. KEITH BUILDING (256 South Main Street): Built in 1902 at a cost of $150,000, this 3- story building first housed the Keith-O'Brien Company dry goods store. David Keith and lifelong friend Thomas Kearns discovered the Silver King vein in Park City which produced $10 million in gold, silver, and lead. Keith and Kearns purchased the Salt Lake Tribune in 1905, and Keith was president of numerous banks, railroads, and fraternities, and a member of Utah's constitutional convention. (Begun in 1928, Sam Weller's Bookstore, perhaps the best in the city, has occupied this location since 1961. It is a good source for western and Mormon history, first-editions, rare copies, etc.) National Register.
25. LOLLIN BUILDING (238 South Main Street): John Lollin, a Danish immigrant, operated the popular saloon. He financed this building in 1894 to house the Hudson Bay Fur Company and Ella Becker Millinery. He lived in a third-floor apartment. National Register.
26. KARRICK HALL (236 South Main Street): Lewis Karrick, founder of the bank, previously mentioned, built this gambling hall in 1887. Upstairs were apartments for 8 prostitutes, several of whose names remain on their doors (not open to the public). He also headed the local vigilante Karrick Guards. He made an unsuccessful bid for mayor on the Liberal Party (anti-Mormon) ticket. When his fortune dwindled, and following a series of illnesses, he committed suicide. National Register.
This and the building to the south were both designed by Richard Kletting.
27. NATIONAL BANK OF THE REPUBLIC/West One Bank (208 South Main Street): Constructed in 1923 on the site of the "White House Hotel", an early hotel popular with visitors at the turn of the century, this bank financed many of the brothels, saloons, and gambling halls in town, including the most opulent of the group, Karrick Hall, named for the founder of the bank, Lewis Karrick. National Register.
Second South and Main Street: As businesses replaced residences, trees disappeared.
Except for the ZCMI building, and the Salt Lake House, for a time, the two
blocks north by 1870 had no trees at all. Business buildings were only separated from the street by a raised dirt level. Board walks and awnings would appear later.
First Traffic Light Intersection in America: Prior to World War I, Lester Wire became a policeman in Salt Lake City. Being young and a junior member of the force, he was assigned to the dreaded duty of traffic control. His station was the intersection of Second South and Main Streets. Electricity was available on poles running down Main Street, so he stuck a pipe in the center of the intersection, cut holes for his lights (he chose green and red because of similar lights he had seen on his sister's Christmas tree), built a roof over the contraption (it looked like a bird house), and ran wires to one of the corners, where he operated the device manually. Shortly after he enlisted for service in WW I. By the time of his discharge someone else had patented his idea and gone into production. Lester received nothing for the invention. (Since I first heard this story, I've heard someone else claim the invention happened somewhere else in the country.)
First electric light in SLC (front of Walker Brother's Building (northwest
corner of 200 South and Main Streets): The switch was thrown, April 1, 1891.
(Salt Lake City had been using electricity for trolleys since Aug. 17, 1889.)
Two post lamps were lit, one in front of the Walker Brothers Store (northwest
corner) and the other in front of Lipman and Davis. Some spectators claimed
the light gave them headaches, even though they weren't very bright. Electric
customers paid $27 per month per lamp for all night; $19 for 12 hours; $12.50
for service to 10 p.m. only. Initially, power was on from dusk to 10 p.m.
and midnight on "dance and theater nights. It went on for a few hours
on Tuesday for ironing. Street lights were on only if there
were not sufficient moonlight.
The lights demonstrated on April 1 were part of a system of three circuits strung on insulators and brackets fastened to buildings. A loop of wiring ran into each of the stores for the number of lights required, then circled back to the generating plant. Faced with its first real competition, the local gas company reduced its rates from $4 per 100 cubic feet to $3 per month, but soon lost ground.
Utah Power & Light Company was organized as a subsidiary of Electric Bond and Share, a national company. Over time, UP&L absorbed other companies and became the largest provider in four Western States.
28. WALKER CENTER (175 South Main Street): When completed in 1912, this 16story commercial style building was the tallest between Chicago and San Francisco (built a year after Salt Lake's first "skyscrapers," the 11-story Boston and Newhouse buildings, 1 1/2 blocks south). Built of steel, concrete, and brick, it also features considerable terra-cotta ornamentation. Walker Brothers Bankers was the first banking establishment in Utah Territory.
The four Walker brothers came to Utah in 1850. They established the Walker Brothers Dry Goods business in 1859 where the Daft Building is now located (128 South Main). Then they moved across the street about where the Tribune Building is now located (136 S Main). Still later they acquired the property on the northwest corner of 200 South and Main Streets, now occupied by the Wells Fargo Building.
The Walker brothers made their early fortunes, selling provisions to Johnston's Army (Utah War) stationed at Camp Floyd, 40 miles southwest of the city. When Brigham Young founded ZCMI, the Walkers sided with the Godbeite dissenters and were excommunicated. Their business continued to thrive, however, as few were able to pass up the lure of eastern imports. (Godbe ran a successful store across the street, east from the Eagle Emporium. He and others resented Brigham's creation of ZCMI and his other business attitudes.)
The Walker brothers began negotiating loans in a back room where their iron safe held gold dust and coins. They eventually owned mines, hotels, an opera house, and interest in railroads and factories. They bought the entire block between Main and West Temple and 400 and 500 South on which they each built a house (2 1/2 acres each). They also bought property in Holladay for their country homes. Walker Lane is still a very upscale neighborhood.
The dry goods declined, but the bank thrived. They bought out the Wells, Fargo & Company operations in Utah in 1905. In June, 1981, Walker Bank, which had joined First Interstate Bank earlier, officially changed its name to First Interstate Bank.
Wells, Fargo & Company was founded in San Francisco in 1852 on the heals of the Gold Rush. An office was opened in Salt Lake City in 1865. By 1869 the company was the first to offer "ocean to ocean" express service by rail. Mail, passenger, and express service continued with their familiar Concord stages pulled by three span of mules. By 1888 Wells, Fargo & Co. had 127 offices. Walker Bank was acquired by First Interstate Bank.
In 1996, things came full circle as Wells Fargo won a 3-month hostile takeover bid for Los Angeles-based First Interstate Bank. The$11.6 billion stock deal was the richest in banking history and created the nation's 8' largest bank.
29. HERALD BUILDING (165 South Main Street): This 5-story building was constructed
in 1905 for the Salt Lake Herald,
a now-defunct newspaper founded in 1870 (same year as the Mormon Tribune) that was pro- Mormon and sympathetic to Democrats. It ceased publication in 1920 after 50 years. Lamb's Cafe has occupied the ground floor since 1919. Earlier, the Commerce Building-Masonic Hall & Library was located about here. National Register.
30. PONY EXPRESS STATION #8/ FIRST NATIONAL BANK (163 South Main Street): There is a monument on the sidewalk, south of the bus stop. This was "Utah Pony Express Station No. 8" (meaning the 8' station inside the Utah Territory, heading west). It was located inside the Salt Lake House [hotel]. Station No. 9 was located about 6200 South State Street. The Pony Express was an expensive effort by the massive freight company of Russell, Majors, & Waddell to secure a lucrative government mail contract (which never happened). As news was brought by the Pony Express of the impending Civil War in the east, the Deseret News began issuing "extras" which became known as the Pony Dispatch. News of President Lincoln's election victory arrived in Utah in only 8 days.
Built in 1871, this is the oldest cast-iron façade in the Intermountain West (now partially boarded over). It was designed by Richard M. Upjohn, son of the famous New York architect. Originally called the Miners National Bank, the institution k&us founded in 1866 by Charles Dahler, agent for Ben Holladay's Overland Mail and Express stage route, and gold and land broker Warren Hussey. In 1875 it was shortened one story by fire and given a new roof. The building then became a Masonic temple (the 3rd-floor assembly room and glass-paneled partitions in the library still exist). In the t880s it became the offices of later governor Simon Bamberger (he also owned a railroad). National Register
STAGE-COACHES (The Welts, Fargo & Co. office was about 125 South Main, north of the Salt Lake House. Ben Holladay's Overland Stage had an office in or close by the Salt Lake House): Ben "Doc" Holladay came through Salt Lake City in 1849 with 50 wagons loaded with $70,000 in merchandise (primarily Mexican War surplus items from St. Louis) headed for the gold fields. He bore letters from General Doniphan (a Missouri friend of the Mormons) and solicited help from the Mormons to get his freight over the mountains to California. In 1850, he brought $150,000 worth of goods to Utah Territory. What he didn't sell he took to California. He was treated well by the Mormons and vice versa. Over the years many of his supervisors, riders, and passengers were Mormons. He made it a point to travel his stage lines from coast to coast several times a year to get the firsthand knowledge that kept him ahead of his competitors. At one time, his company was the biggest in the world and employed thousands.
By 1866, his wife had died, and he was tired of the freighting and stage business. He sold his coach line to Wells, Fargo & Company and went to Portland, Oregon. Poor business decisions there and the economic panic of 1873 reduced his financial empire to shambles. (Holladay, Utah, is named after Bishop John Holladay and NOT Ben Holladay.)
31. SALT LAKE TRIBUNE BUILDING (143 South Main Street): The Mormon Tribune, now the Salt Lake Tribune, was founded in 1870 by Mormons unhappy with Brigham Young's blending of church and state. They employed New York Herald reporter Oscar Sawyer as chief editor, and the paper turned a critical eye on local culture. This was a hit among sophisticates but loathed by rank and file Mormons. The original offices were on 100 South Street Oust west of the Dinwoodey Cabinet Shop, (37 West 100 South). With 2,000 subscribers, the paper's first issue appeared April 15, 1871. One hundred years later the paper boasted 107,000 subscribers.
This structure was built in 1924 by Salt Lake businessman and mayor, Ezra Thompson, as an investment and, as was common in those days, carried his name. It is located on ground once occupied by the Salt Lake House, one of Salt Lake City's oldest hotels. This is where Sir Richard Burton, author of "The City of the Saints," here in 1860 while he gathered information for his book. The Pony Express and Overland Stage offices were a bit north. At this hotel in 1859 a member of cattle-rustler Cub Johnson's gang shot and maimed rival outlaw Bill Hickman. When an accomplice stormed Hickman's room, a revolver in each hand, Hickman's guard stabbed him eleven times with a bowie knife. (On Christmas Day of the same year, Hickman was severely wounded in the thigh in a shootout with Lot Huntington in front of the Townsend House hotel the next block west, where the Salt Palace arena once stood.) Four years later at the same hotel, the same guard fatally stabbed one of Johnson's group, this time in the presence of witnesses. He was arrested and executed.
During the Utah War, two "spies" were held at the Salt Lake House until shot. This is also where Atlantic Monthly correspondent Fritz Ludlow interviewed Orrin Porter Rockwell in 1862.
32. KEARNS BUILDING (136 South Main Street): A magnificent building completed in 1911 for Thomas Kearns, this 10-story "skyscraper" is the best preserved Sullivanesque (style developed by Louis Sullivan) highrise in the intermountain west. It was built of concrete with a terra-cotta façade facing the street and brick facades on the sides. Most striking are the 7 life-size female figurines supporting lanterns at the second-story level. They are said to bear the face of Kearn's daughter. Kearns built a magnificent house on South Temple Streets now used as the Governor's Mansion. Notice the domed entry way and the clock that indicates "U.S. Observatory Time" according to "Western Union."
Kearns was a Utah mining entrepreneur, U.S. senator, and part-owner of the Mormon Tribune (anti-Mormon newspaper), beginning in 1905. He contributed toward construction of the Cathedral of the Madeleine and St. Ann's Orphanage. From 1911 until his death (he was killed when hit by a car here on Main Street in 1918) he served on the board of trustees of Catholic University of America. His son, Thomas, Jr., founded Utah's chapter of Alcoholics Anonymous.
33. DAFT BUILDING (128 South Main Street): The best surviving example of the work of Elias Harrison, a Mormon dissenter, this Victorian Queen Anne façade over brick base fronted Sarah Daft's real estate office at the turn of the century. It was completed in 1890 at a cost of $17,500. The Young Men's Literary Association, an alternative to Mormon youth programs, met on the second floor. Sarah and her husband wanted to have a nondenominational retirement home (the only ones in existence, then, were for Mormons). When her husband died, Sarah started looking around for a place and devoted all her efforts to getting it started. When she died in 1900, she left all her money ($20,000) to open up a place for elderly women. A home was finally built in 1913 for elderly women at 737 South 1300 East (kitty corner from East High) with 14 rooms and was named the Sarah Daft Home. Strict rules were followed (they had to share in the work and sign over their estates at death). In the 1970s, a $4 million wing was added, men were allowed to move in, and there are about 40 residents. It is one of only two nonprofit retirement centers in Utah. Note the bolt/turnbuckle and various qualities of brick used in construction.
In 1908 the Main Street building was acquired by John Daynes, an English watchmaker, for Daynes Jewelry and Music companies. Daynes served 30 years as Mormon Tabernacle organist. Note his name plates still on the front of the store and his painted advertisement on the exterior north wall. National Register.
34. EAGLE EMPORIUM /Zion's First National Bank (102 South Main Street): This is the oldest commercial building in downtown Salt Lake City. It was constructed in 1863 to house William Jennings's mercantile business. It became the original home of ZCMI in 1868 when still a single story, then Zion's First National Bank in 1890. In 1916 the bank had the stone building refaced with a Neo-Classical veneer of terra- cotta. Notice the terra-cotta eagle over the entrance and a four-faced, 120-year-old brass clock in front that used to be water powered. The building's original architect was William Paul, Jenning's father-in-law, who also designed Jenning's Devereaux mansion (a remodel of William Staines' house north of the Delta Center). In the mid-1880's two stories were added to the Emporium. Zion's First National Bank (founded in 1873) removed the two upper floors in 1982.
Jennings immigrated from England when he was twenty-six years old, working as a butcher (his father's trade) and tanner before earning his first million. He made his fortune as a freighter and then supplying grain to the Overland Stage Company, investing profits in railroading and banking. He became a director of Deseret National Bank.
The Clock: In 1873, an antique green (now copper colored) clock with "Victorian flamboyance" was carried to this spot by an ox- drawn wagon and mounted atop a wrought iron post. A water-wheel powered the movement. The water-wheel was later replaced by four large springs that were wound every five days. Eventually a series of wet cell batteries replaced the spring-drive system. Every 6 months, Charles Spahr, who worked for Western Union, changed the solution in the cells. Batteries were stored in the bank's basement, near the vault. In 1911, a master clock system was installed with IBM gears. Despite its age, the inner workings remain solid and time continues to show its face on the four-sided orb.
ZCMI Shoe Factory ["Big Boot"] (immediately west and southwest of the Eagle Emporium): Opening in 1870, the shoe factory soon manufactured 83,000 pairs of boots and shoes yearly. Two years after the opening of the shoe factory ZCMI began production of its own line of work clothes in a new clothing factory famous for ZCMI's "Mountaineer" overalls.
Corner of First South And Main Streets: An open air market arose on just to the west of this corner selling meat and other products brought in from the farms and gardens. Innumerable horses and wagons plied the dirt of First and Main, churning it into deep mud during the wet spring. As a result this was the first section of town to have the streets paved with paving bricks (similar bricks from a block north cover the floor of a section of the LDS Church History Museum).
On the northwest corner a two-story general store was erected by Kimball and Lawrence.
On the northeast corner Hooper and Williams Mercantile appeared (later Hooper and Eldredge). A replica of the bank begun by William H. Hooper and Horace S. Eldredge on that same corner in 1868 is located in Old Deseret Village at This is the Place State Park. The bank, encouraged by Brigham Young, was later known as Zion's Cooperative Banking Institution. It developed into First Security Bank. It still operates in the same location in the Deseret Building.
On the southeast corner William S. Godbe built the Exchange Building, three stories high, selling "drugs, medicines, and chemicals" on the main floor. Dentists and doctors occupied the upper floors. You could say it was Utah's first "medical mall." He was the leader of the "Godbeite" movement, intellectuals and businessmen, who broke away from the Mormon Church around 1868 because of disagreements with the policies of Brigham Young, especially business policies. They began the Mormon Tribune newspaper, April 15, 1871. (A replica of an earlier Godbe, Pitt Drug Store is located in Old Deseret Village at This is the Place State Park.)
Trolley System: A mule-driven trolley system provided downtown transportation beginning in July 1872. The mules, all from Missouri, worked in shifts, with six new animals hitched to the trolleys at 6 a.m., 10 a.m., and 4 p.m. They kept a schedule, one frustrated patron complained, as "correctly as a timepiece would without a dial." Soon there were four routes in the city, each only a few blocks long, and the fare was 10 cents. At each terminus was a turntable and the mules would sidle around to head themselves back the other my.
On August 17, 1889, six new electric streetcars undertook a maiden trip up First South. State, city and church dignitaries climbed aboard for the evening trip. Those aboard were the lucky ones. There were fistfights among an estimated 500 less notable folks who wanted to be part of the inaugural ride. The Deseret News reported the next day: "It was a Great Success and Promises a Bright Future." Over time, more than 100 miles of track crisscrossed the city, and a spider web of lines to keep cars moving was woven overhead. Occasionally, male passengers were called on to help the trolley over a "bump" or restore it to tracks.
The lines up Salt Lake's Avenues were especially challenging in the autumn and winter when wet leaves, snow and ice coated the tracks. Passengers could get a "whale of a ride" backward while wheels, locked and sliding down the tracks, squealed. Such wear and tear sometimes flattened the metal wheels on one side and the clang, clang, clang of the trolley would be augmented by the clunk, clunk, clunk of a noisy wheel.
As traffic increased, so did the problem of transfers. To prevent riders asking for a transfer and giving it to another person for a free ride, the company devised a set of transfers that the conductors issued according to a man's mustache style or a woman's hat style. There were 5 for males, ranging from clean-shaven to fully-bearded and 2 for women, indicating hat brims turned up or down.
Trolley workers organized to protest the requirement that they clean the cars themselves and buy their own uniforms. The company refused to recognize the union and on September 17, 1890, 130 workers went on strike. The company countered by hiring and training new men. Company president, Alfred W. McCune (of mansion and railroad building fame) said, "Strikers have the right to withdraw from our service and we have the equal right to employ others to take their place." The strike was ineffective.
In 1908, railroad millionaire and president of Union Pacific Railroad, E.H. Harriman, spent more than $3 million (same amount of money spent to build the State's Capitol Building less than a decade later) to build the Trolley Square complex on a block that had been previously the location of the Territorial Fairgrounds. The barns provided cover for 144 trolley cars, along with maintenance facilities. The 97-foot high, 50,000 gallon water tank, now a landmark, was a safeguard against fire. It was never used for such.
On May 31, 1941, the city announced the demise of the trolleys. But the trolley line along First South to the University of Utah continued to function through World War II to fill a special need. They made their last runs when the war ended.
Western Union Telegraph (about 61 South Main Street, north wall was 1/4 of a block from First South): The impending Civil War was a major impetus to speed completion of the telegraph from coast to coast. Crews worked frantically from Carson City, Nevada, on the west and Omaha, Nebraska, on the east. They met in Salt Lake City, October 18, 1861, where the last pole was set in front of this office. Wires were linked October 24 and the first message sent read: "Utah has not seceded but is firm for the Constitution and laws of our once happy country."
Deseret Telegraph: This Church-owned enterprise was organized April 10, 1865. The key and operator were next to Brigham Young's office in the Beehive House. On January 15, 1867, the line was open to St. George. Three years later, the northern line to Franklin, Idaho, was open. By 1871, more than 600 miles of line were in operation and materials had been purchased for an additional 400 miles of line. Young girls and others were trained as operators. If there was no money to pay the operators, they served as part of a church calling or mission. One of these young female operators met and married Alfred McCune (of McCune mansion fame at 200 North Main Street). Cove Fort, near Interstate 1-70 and 1-15 has a Deseret Telegraph substation exhibit.
Telephone: On March 7, 1876, the day he was granted his first patent, Alexander Graham Bell spoke the following words to his assistant, Thomas Watson, "Come here, I want you." Ogden City had the first telephone lines in the Utah Territory. Salt Lake soon followed with the first telephone conversation March 1, 1879. The first successful system went on line in April 1881. The central office was in the same building where Western Union Telegraph sent its first message 20 years earlier in 1861. In 1895, the company moved into a three-story building on State Street, its home for many years. On January 1, 1882, there were 25 subscribers and 6 employees. Rates were about $3 per month. By t890, the numbers had grown to 506 subscribers and 13 employees, and in 1911, 13,048 Salt Lakers were enjoying telephone service. On July 18, 1914, the last pole was set on the Utah/Nevada border near Wendover and long- distance telephone calls were now possible from New York and San Francisco. Making the first call was Bell in New York calling his one-time assistant, Watson, in San Francisco. His words: "Come here, I want you." Watson replied: "Mr. Bell, I can't. I'm too far away."
35. Z.C.M.I. ( 50 South Main Street): In 1868, Salt Lake City was a community of 20,000 persons. Demand for scarce goods hauled by oxen from the east kept prices high. In response, Brigham Young proposed a cooperative plan to supply the needs of Utah pioneer communities. There would be a central distribution agency in Salt Lake and locally-owned co-ops in every town. Goods could be purchased from manufacturers and importers and resold at reasonable prices. Stock in the new venture would be sold publicly with dividends proportionately divided, thus benefitting the entire community. Mormons were also asked to boycott disaffected and non-Mormon merchants, creating hard feelings on both sides
On October 15, 1868, Brigham and community leaders met to organize Zions Cooperative Mercantile Institution as the parent company. The group included men recognized in Eastern trade circles for their business acumen and credit was immediately extended. Also included were three prominent LDS businessmen well versed in the problems of retailing on the frontier: William Jennings, banker and owner of the Eagle Emporium; William Hooper, manager of the second ZCMI store and Utah's 1859 Congressional delegate; and Horace S. Eldredge, partner in many Utah businesses. Shareholding store owners hastened to erect the ZCMI symbol of membership on their store fronts, the first to do so being Eldredge and Clawson's on the northwest corner of First South and Main Streets on November 13, 1868. Eventually there were 146 cooperative branches throughout the territory, making ZCMI the oldest quasi-department store chain in the United States.
In 1876, many of the several departments were consolidated under a single roof. The impressive three-story brick and iron façade stretched long down Main Street. A wing added in 1880 doubled the square footage and gave entrance on South Temple. Part of the 1876 cast iron façade has been retained. The company is publicly owned, but the LDS Church is still the largest stock holder (51 percent in 1988).
36. BEEHIVE HOUSE (Brigham Young's Residence): Completed in 1854 of adobe block by church builders, this attractive Greek Revival home was Brigham Young's official residence where he lived with his second wife, Mary Ann Angell, and later with Lucy Decker, his first polygamous wife. Previous to this, he lived in a log house and then in the "white" house (the first stuccoed adobe house in the Valley), located across the street to the east and up the hill a little. The small wing to the west served as a reception center and office.
Said Brigham the same year: "My soul feels hallelujah, it exults in God, that He has panted this people in a place that is not desired by the wicked... I want hard times, so that every person that does not wish to stay, for the sake of his religion, will leave. This is a good place to make Saints, and it is a good place for Saints to live. It is the place the Lord has appointed, and we shall stay here until He tells us to go somewhere else.
After Brigham's death, his son, John W. Young lived here. He completely replaced his father's wing, meaning the entire north wing was built by John Young. The size, shape and inside dimensions are all different. Only the south end of the house is original.
The Church bought the house from John Young and it served as the residence of Presidents Lorenzo Snow and Joseph E Smith. It was the site of President Joseph F. Smith's vision of the afterlife just before his death in 1918 (D&C 138). From the 1920s to the 1950s the house served as Young Women's Mutual Improvement Association quarters for teen-age women.
The eagle: Using a real eagle as a model, handcart pioneer, Ralph Ramsay, used five pieces of wood from City Creek canyon to carve and build the eagle for the gate spanning State Street. The original, eventually copper- plated in Chicago, rests now in the D.U.P. museum.
Notice the blacksmith-forged chains in front of the house attached to granite pillars. Photos from the 1860's show these items in existence then. The east wall around the house was jacked up and moved about feet west when this block of State Street was widened.
Inside, the pine woodwork has been stained to look like hardwood and marble. Half- hour guided tours are available daily, 9:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. (10:30 - 1:00 Sundays).
37. LION HOUSE: Completed in the drought year of 1856, two years after the Beehive House, this 2.5-story Gothic Revival adobe structure takes its name from the couchant lion on top of the front porch (sculpted by young assistant church architect William Ward) and Brigham Young's epithet "Lion of the Lord." Note the shuttered windows, tall chimneys, and tile roof; east and west exposures are topped with ten steep-roofed gables.
Young, who had fifty-five wives and 57 children (State Archivist, Jeff Johnson's research of primary LDS sources), intended the house as an example of the way such marital arrangements could be managed, though only a few of his wives lived here. The main floor contained bedrooms and parlors for twelve wives and young children, the second floor bedrooms for childless wives, the upper floor twenty children's bedrooms. A spacious, enclosed west porch served as a recreation area. A dining room seated seventy-five people. Wooden pipes carried waste water from the sinks to the outside, a big help to the kitchen help. Separate privies for males and females were attached to the rear. A large laundry room with an open fire and cauldrons operated twenty-four hours a day. School was also held in one of the large rooms until Brigham built his own private school house across the street to the east. Notice the rough-faced stone foundation. The stone posts and chains in front are original. Brigham died here, August 29, 1877.
"Early to bed and early to rise" was a proverb Brigham Young did not follow. Wrote his daughter, Susa Young Gates, "The day's work for father did not begin till after 9 o'clock ... [and] he seldom retired before midnight ... The rule of eight hours' sleep, eight hours' work, and eight hours' recreation was a plan he himself carried out fairly well."
38. L.D.S. CHURCH ADMINISTRATION OFFICE: This building, completed in t917 at a cost of more than $1 million, houses the presiding officers of the Mormon church and their staffs. It sits near the site of Brigham's first home. It is an example of Neo-Classical Revival architecture, with twenty-four Greek Ionic columns weighing eight tons each. The building is constructed of steel and concrete faced with Utah granite. The interior is adorned with Russian walnut, marble, onyx, and oriental rugs. Admission is restricted to church officers and their guests.
Only one woman has been officed in this building, sometimes referred to as the "thirteenth apostle." This was Susa Young Gates, Brigham Young's daughter by wife number 42, Lucy Bigelow, whom he married while crossing the plains the second time. Susa married Alma Dunford, a dentist, divorced him, and married Jacob Gates. During the 1910-20's she was on the women's Relief Society general board, founded the Relief Society Magazine and the Young Woman's Journal, and was a delegate to the International Council of Women in London and Copenhagen.
The Mint (1848-49) /Deseret News Office (1850- 52): Just east of the Church Administration Building was the Deseret Mint, where Utah's first gold coins ($20, $10, $5, and $2.50) were produced in 18481849. Only a few hundred coins were minted. The Mormons were out of gold and the U.S. established a mint in San Francisco in 1854, so no more coins were minted. The original adobe building had a single room, a front door and two windows. It was so small and crowded, one person said it was easier to get onto than into. A sketch of the building was made for a news article prior to its demolition around 1900. (An inaccurate two-room replica representing the old Mint Building is located in Old Deseret Village at This is the Place State Park.)
The Deseret News: The first issue of the Deseret News was produced in the Mint building on 15 June 1850, using a small Adam Ramage hand press (now in the LDS Church History Museum). The Deseret News was the intermountain West's first newspaper, and among the first published west of the Mississippi River. The staff consisted of a typesetter, proofreader, pressman, and editor/writer.
The first editor and publisher of the Deseret News was Dr. Willard Richards, Church Historian, and counselor to Brigham Young. He was asked by Brigham Young to start a newspaper to keep the Mormon colonists in touch with the outside world. The newspaper was published once each week. He remained the publisher until his death in 1854.
He was followed by Albert Carrington (1854- 59, 1863-67). Carrington previously assisted Captain Stansbury, US. Army, who surveyed the Great Salt Lake in 1849-50. For that work, Stansbury named one of the islands in the Great Lake after him (Carrington Island). In 1848 Carrington bought one of the best log cabins from the pioneer fort in 1847 from Osmyn Deuel, moved it to the southeast corner of 100 North and West Temple Streets. Later it was given to the Church. It sits now between the Church History Museum and the Genealogical Library west of Temple Square. Carrington reported the news about Johnston's Army in the Utah War. He was the first to introduce illustrations to the "News." They were very simple designs of a beehive, horse- drawn cart, and a stove-pipe hat.
When he took over the second time (1863) Carrington hired the Scotsman, T. B. H. Stenhouse, as an assistant editor. Stenhouse was a seasoned journalist for the New York Herald and other New York publications and made a significant contribution to Utah history. He also hired Scipio "Scip" Africanus Kenner, a 14-year old boy from Missouri, as an apprentice. Scip caught on fast. He became an outstanding writer and eventually held at one time or another every position at the "News." Elias Smith was the editor between the two terms of Albert Carrington (1859-63).
In 1852, the "News" moved to the corner west of the mint and occupied a room in the 3- story adobe "Deseret Store" (part of the tithing compound, where the Joseph Smith Memorial Building is located). In 1856 the paper moved to the Council House. In 1863 the paper moved back into the Deseret Store building and remained there 40 more years. A two-story building was built to the east of the Deseret Store to house the larger printing presses.
In, 1902 a new building was built for the Deseret News on the southwest corner of South Temple and Main Streets. The first building to occupy this spot was the Council House, the first public building i the Utah Territory. An explosion and fire destroyed it and Charles R. Savage's photo shop to the south. In 1926, the Deseret News moved a half block west to a new 4-story building (it needed room for its newer, larger presses) on Richard Street, where it stayed until 1968. Richard Street was named after the New's first publisher, Willard Richards, who owned property here. Willard was buried for a time on that property.
The Oregon Shortline Railroad had its offices here. When the Union Pacific Railroad acquired the Oregon Shortline, the building became known as the Union Pacific Building. Walgreen's Drug Store occupied the bottom floor, displacing the Deseret News Bookstore.
It was here in a tin shack on the roof on May 6, 1922, at 3 P.M. that Harry "Flash" Wilson spoke the first words from a radio transmitter. "Hello, Hello. Hello. This is KZN. KZN, the Deseret News, Salt Lake City, calling. KZN calling. Greetings! The Deseret News sends its greetings to all of you far and wide." (The first radio broadcast, ever, was produced in Pittsburgh by the Westinghouse Corporation in 1920.) The Deseret News published the event well in advance to give perspective listeners time to purchase small galena crystal sets, complete with ear phones and "cat's whiskers" to enable them to tune in.
The first official speaker was President Heber J. Grant of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, which owns Deseret News. He had, ironically, earlier declined to advance the $25,000 requested by newspaper officials to pursue their quest for radio. He thought it was too steep a price to pay to American Telephone and Telegraph, which had a virtual monopoly on radio transmitters at the time.
Within days, KDYL built by Ira J. Kaar for The Salt Lake Telegram, was also on the air. KZN and KDYL became KSL and KCPX, respectively.
Zions Securities, the real-estate arm of the LDS Church, traded land that is now part of City Creek Park to Salt Lake City for the land under Main Street, south of the intersection, for use as a parking garage for the new 18-story "Gateway Tower West" that will be completed in 1998. It will have 280,000 feet of "Class A" office space, meaning it is less than 10 years old, is larger than 80,000 square feet in size, and charges $17 per square foot and up for space.
39. JOSEPH SMITH MEMORIAL BUILDING (formerly the Hotel Utah): Located on ground where the original tithing house and Deseret Store (bishop's storehouse) and Deseret News newspaper (second floor) were located. Deseret (pronounced dez'-er-et') is a term taken from Mormon scripture, the Book of Mormon, and means "honey bee." This 10-story hotel was operated by the church from 1911 until 1987 when it was remodeled as church office space. It reopened in 1993. In the richly decorated lobby you will see new marble floors, faux-marble columns, brass banisters, rococo plaster ceiling decoration, and original art-glass skylight. The large statue of Joseph Smith is a copy of a Mahonri Young bronze. At the north end of the lobby are elevators to the tenth-floor Roof Café (smorgasbord, with retractable skylight) and Garden restaurant (no coffee or alcohol), as well as observation areas. The view of Temple Square is panoramic.
On east side of the mezzanine level is a chapel (formerly the Lafayette Ballroom) which services three downtown L.D.S. congregations.
From the lobby the hallway west leads to the north end of the building and a wide-screen theater for about 700 persons. The movie Legacy is based loosely on the diary and experiences of a frontier woman, Mary Elizabeth Rollins Lightner, a polygamous wife of Joseph Smith and, after his death, the 21st wife of Brigham Young. Tickets are free but necessary. Below the lobby to the north is the Family Search Center. A staff of 200 volunteers and 130 computer workstations will help you construct your "pedigree" or family tree through the world's largest genealogical data base and provide you with a printout.
Livingston, Bell & Co. (About where entrance to Mervyns is): The first commercial building in Salt Lake City was that of Livingston & Bell (and later Kinkead). They sold goods out of John Pack's house on the southwest corner of West Temple and First North about 1849. The next year they built a store on the south end of property first deeded to Brigham Young (his 1/8 of a block).
40. FACADE FROM 1869 ASMUSSEN JEWELRY COMPANY (originally south, about 175 feet north of First South): The Key Bank façade was partially salvaged from the Asmussen's jewelry building, designed by William Folsom, that stood a little north. The building had a balcony which was used as a bandstand for afternoon concerts. The second floor was the residence of Carl Asmussen and his three wives. Of 18 children, the youngest, Flora, became wife of Mormon Church President, Ezra Taft Benson.
About Carl Christian Asmussen: He was born near Copenhagen, Denmark, May 20, 1825. Rejecting his father's trade as sea captain, he became a jeweler and wutch maker. He established himself as a watchmaker in Germany and Holland and one time was court jeweler to the Czar of Russia. He even did a bit of dentistry. He went to Christchurch, New Zealand, and became somewhat wealthy. On the street, one day in 1864, he found a copy of Parley P. Pratt's tract, "A Voice of Warning." (The first missionaries to New Zealand came from Australia in 1854.) He read and accepted the message as true. On the back of the tract was the address of the Church in Liverpool, England. Thinking that was where the headquarters of the Church was, he left his business and went to Liverpool, England, to find the Church. There he was baptized by Elisha H. Groves and immigrated the next year to Utah in the Willis Company with 112 other adults and children from 15 families in one of the Church Trains.
On the advice of Brigham Young, he purchased property (on Brigham's original lot on the northeast section of the block south of Temple Square - close to the Globe Saloon) for a store. He was sent back to New Zealand on a mission, 1866- 68, where he baptized two brothers, William and James Burnett. He arrived in Utah in 1868 and arranged 3 wagon loads of supplies from the States. He also met and married, at age 43, his first wife, Anna Katrine Nielsen, also from Denmark. When his new store was finished in 1869, they moved into the second floor.
In 1879-80, he served a mission to Denmark. On Nov. 6, 1884, at age 59, he married his second wife, Martha M. Smith, and the next year, he married his 3rd wife, Barbara McIsaac Smith. He legally changed his name from Asmussen to Amussen in 1886 (one might guess the reason). He began investing in real estate in Logan, Utah, and relocated his families there in 1890, where he died in 1902. His wife Barbara spent 23 years officiating in the Logan Temple and one Friday announced that she would be leaving mortal life the next Thursday. She had had a dream or a vision of her husband telling her it was her time to go (and she did).
The last of Carl's 18 children (mother, Barbara Smith) was Flora Smith Amussen, who married Ezra T. Benson in 1926 after a 7-year courtship and mu missions. He became the 13th President of the LDS Church. Ironically, Ezra's grandfather, Ezra T. Benson, was sent to Cache Valley by Brigham the same year he finished a lovely home right across the street from where Asmussen built his jewelry store. The home was occupied by Daniel H. Wells. Later, the Templeton Hotel was built on that same corner.
Globe Saloon [Restaurant] (about 3545 South Main): In August, 1856 (while the first 5 handcart companies were on their way to Utah and the Beehive House was completed), David Candland, ex-missionary and husband to 7 wives, wrote in his journal: "The Presidency of the Church proposed my opening a saloon [meaning restaurant] on first rate principles. I cheerfully consented and the church will model and build additions etc. to the order belonging to Brigham Young. I commenced and with the assistance of some others soon dug the foundation." This was about a fourth of the way down the block and accommodated a barber shop and bakery.
November 1856 (the Willie Handcart Company arrived in the city on the 9h): "This month opened the Saloon under the name of The Globe ... The Governor by invitation visited the rooms and expressed his satisfaction of the same. Our prospects for doing a fair business [is good] although times are dull."
November 1857: "Pres. Young took a tripe dinner at the Globe with his sons & friends. Our cook Sister Jarrett improves in her line."
February 1858: "Business continues very dull with us. People are all engaged some way or other in preparations for the war (Utah War; Johnston's Army).
March 1858: "1 was introduced to Col. [Thomas L.] Kane by his calling at the Globe. I esteem it an honor. He expended five dollars in candies as a present from him to some youthful choristers. He is remarkably urbane etc." (The Globe was closed for several months while the pioneers fled south to escape any conflict with the army.)
September 1858: "My trade increasing. Suppers are becoming popular at the Globe. I had a difficult time with a Mr. McNiels who came into the Globe drunk and made too much noise. I gave him in charge of the Police which resulted in a fine of $50 and 3 months imprisonment, the latter part Gov. Cummings remitted."
On September 11, 1858, the New York magazine "Harper's Weekly published an article by one of its correspondents that stayed some time at the Globe that summer. Some negative comments were made regarding Candland's creative method of charging (more like gouging) the gentile customers, especially if they had money. He did say the Candland Saloon would be etched in the memory of gentiles who had been in Salt Lake City in 1858. "For a long time that was the only house in all Salt Lake City where a man who was so wicked as to be a Gentile could obtain a mouthful to eat. ... When the Gentiles began to flock in here this spring, he [Brigham Young] took this saloon and put a man in it to feed us at exorbitant prices, at the same time forbidding everyone else from giving us food or shelter."
Getting ready for breakfast: The correspondent continued: "It was very amusing to behold the scene that followed the ringing of the first bell for breakfast at Candland's. Gentiles in every kind of dress or undress could be seen evolving themselves from every imaginable place - from carriages, from under trees, from off the plaza, from off the sidewalks and from out of the gardens - all making their way to the gutter to wash. To wash in the gutter? Yes, to wash in the gutter.. It is beautiful, clear water from its original course and sent tumbling along down either side of all the streets that run north and south. The people obtain their water out of these gutter-brooks, which are likewise used for irrigating purposes. ...Well, when the Gentiles have crawled out from their holes, each takes his soap, towel, comb, toothbrush, and a small pocket looking-glass and makes toilet at the gutter. ...Each person then straps up his blankets or bedding; after which and breakfast, he is ready to travel sixty or eighty miles during the day, or to live lying around loose outdoors."
[More from Candland's Journal] October 1858: "Numbers of boarders increased during the last few days. From the papers East I see myself spoken about sometimes favorable and sometimes not..."
In June of 1860, he was requested by Territorial Surveyor General Stambaugh to provide a champagne supper for 12 to 15 persons and gave Stambaugh a bill for $78.75. Rather than pay, Stambaugh insulted Candland and threatened to "cane" him. Whereupon Candland "seized him by the throat, wrenched the cane from his hand and aimed a blow at his head." Candland "commenced a suit to recover the amount before Justice Gibbs." After more abuse and difficulty, Candland obtained the money owed him and "closed the Globe determined in my own mind that my association in any way shall be at an end with the gentile population." (He moved to Sanpete County where he died in 1902.) The Globe, the post office, and Livingston's building were later absorbed by the larger two-story "Constitution Building."
41. TEMPLE SQUARE (southeast corner to west gate):
C.R. Savage Monument: On the corner is a bust of C.R. Savage, pioneer photographer, whose studio %,as the first commercial building south of here (the old City Hall, which burned down was on the corner). Savage organized the popular "Old Folks Day," an annual event to get lonely, elderly people out to a major social event.
The 13-foot high adobe wall around the temple rests on a red sandstone base and was stuccoed to preserve and enhance its appearance. Its construction provided security as well as something new emigrants could to do in trade for food until they could get established.
Base/meridian Marker: This location (Latitude 40 brick 46' 04"; Longitude 111 54' 00"; Altitude 4327.27 feet), fixed by Orson Pratt less than two weeks after the pioneers first arrived in the Valley, defines the boundaries of Temple Square and serves as the originating point for the city's street numbering system. The federal government created a surveying district for the Territory of Utah and appointed David H. Burr to be the surveyor general for the territory. He arrived in Utah, July 27, t855, and by September 30, placed a stone marker at the
initial point of his survey (same place Pratt and Sherwood plated the city from) and ran base and meridian lines to points located nearly 4 miles east, 36 miles west, 84 miles north, and 72 miles south from this initial point. The original sandstone marker was moved a few years ago to the Museum of Church History and Art, to prevent further weathering, and replaced with a replica.
Due north is Ensign Peak. (Brigham Young was shown Ensign Peak in vision he had in the Nauvoo Temple. The martyred Joseph Smith appeared to him and told him to build his city in the spot where he saw the colors of an ensign [flag shown in vision] rest. He was looking for this peak when he came into the valley.
On July 26, he indicated to Wilford Woodruff the exact spot where the temple would be built, then later he, in company with the other apostles, climbed the peak and raised an ensign [makeshift flag] to the nations, in their minds to fulfill the prophet Isaiah's prophecy. It was here, July 28, that Brigham told all assembled in the valley that the city would be laid out from this spot, the blocks and streets would be the size they are and numbered the way they are now, among other things. It was here that Orson Pratt and Henry G. Sherwood began platting the city on August 2nd.
Brigham Young Monument: This statue was created by Springville, Utah, sculptor Cyrus Dallin. This and the angel Moroni atop the LDS Temple were commissioned by church president, Wilford Woodruff. Cyrus also did the statue of Massassoit, the Iroquois Indian in front of the state capitol building. On the west is the Hudson Bay trapper, Peter Skene Ogden, and on the east is the Shoshone Indian Chief, Washakie, a friend to the early settlers.
The statue of Brigham Young was first displayed at the 1893 Chicago World's Fair and then stood on a temporary pedestal on Temple Square until 1897. It was then moved to the center of the intersection of Main and South Temple Streets and placed on a new pedestal. A specially-built wagon, pulled by 12 horses, brought the huge pedestal from the granite quarry in Little Cottonwood Canyon. Ogden and Washakie were added to the monument as originally intended.
The monument was moved to its current location in 1994 to relieve congestion and allow pedestrians a closer look. The names of the vanguard company are listed on the north side. They include 140 free men, three women, two children (Harriet Wheeler Young's), and three "colored servants." One of the servants, Green Flake, drove Young's carriage into the valley (Brigham was riding in Wilford Woodruff's wagon) and was later given to Young as tithing.
Cedar of Lebanon Tree: Just north of the east of Temple Square (next to the wall) is a Cedar of Lebanon tree brought from the Middle East in 1949. From such trees King Solomon built a temple and his house. A Cedar of Lebanon is characterized by its light red, fragrant and durable wood. It is also noted for the size of its trunk and differs from most coniferous evergreen trees in that its branches are widespread. Lightening struck close by and severely damaged the tree years ago. Peter Lassig, head gardener for the LDS Church, performed surgery on it and nursed it back to full vigor.
United States Meridian Base, 1869 (inside Temple Square, southeast corner): In 1869, George W. Dean, of the U.S. Geologic Survey built an astronomical observatory (small cabin with roof able to open up) to determine true latitude and longitude. It was used until Dec 30, 1897, to obtain the correct time. (This could be done to the second by observing the immersion and emersion of Jupiter's moons and other celestial bodies.)
Orson Pratt grew up in a poor family and was mostly self-educated. He taught himself astronomy, algebra, geometry, integral and differential calculus. Modern equipment found Pratt's calculations to be remarkably accurate. Stories appear indicating that the observatory was for Orson Pratt, but Randy Dixon (LDS Historical Department) has been unable to find any primary sources linking Pratt to the observatory. The building was demolished in 1909.
Joseph And Hyrum Smith Statues: The sculptor of these two pieces, originally designed for the niches on either side of the stairs leading to the east entrance of the temple, was Mahonri Mackintosh Young, born in Salt Lake City on Aug. 9, 1877, just prior to the death of his grandfather, Brigham Young.
While recovering from an attack of appendicitis at age five, Young's father, whittled shapes out of wood to amuse his son. The boy was inspired by the wood shapes and began sculpting birds and other animals in clay, which he harvested from nearby creek beds near their home in the mouth of Parley's Canyon.
Young took private art lessons from the Paris-trained artist J. T. Harwood and studied drawing for two years under Kenyon Cox at the Art Students League in New York. From 1901- 1903, he was enrolled at the Julian Academy in Paris, where he studied drawing. His first sculpting commission back in the states was for the Utah State Fair, where he was asked to model a lady out of butter for the Fox Creamery. Just as "The Dairy Maid" was nearing completion, someone left the refrigerator door open and she melted. Unperturbed, Young put the butter back into the refrigerator and re-shaped the figure. He made $25 for his efforts.
Young's next commission was to sculpt a statue of Joseph Smith for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. His first attempt was a failure, but his second was a success. Later, the Church requested a companion statue of Joseph's brother, Hyrum. Young's most famous work was the This is the Place Monument, created in 1947 to celebrate the centennial of the arrival of the Mormon pioneers into the Salt Lake Valley.
Leftover Granite Stone with Drill Marks (along walkway, north of the statues): Granite stones were quarried to rough specifications at the quarry in the mouth of Little Cottonwood Canyon, 30 miles or so away. On the temple grounds, stone masons would reduce the rough cut to the exact size and smoothness necessary for final placement. The Assembly Hall in the southwest corner was constructed using a lot of rejected stone from the temple.
Salt Lake Temple: Begun in 1853, it was completed in 1893 at a cost of $4 million. The granite blocks, 3 tons each, were transported from Little Cottonwood Canyon, 20 miles to the south, by ox teams and later by railroad. Architect, Truman Angell, had no formal education as an architect and only two years of formal schooling. The basic structure was dictated by Brigham Young based on revelation regarding the matter. Construction was stopped during the Utah War of 1857, during the building of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific rail lines, which diverted laborers, and again in the 1880s when church property was confiscated by the federal government (Edmunds- Tucker Act) because of the practice of polygamy.
The 12.5 foot statue of Moroni (a Book of Mormon prophet) weighs 1.5 tons, is gold-leafed, stands 210 feet in the air, and was sculpted by Cyrus Dallin. Cyrus' mother was a Mormon, his father was not. He refused the commission from church president, Wilford Woodruff, at first saying he did not believe in angels. His mother put pressure on him saying that Cyrus had referred to her as his angel mother. He relented, changed the style from a weather vane representation of the angel Moroni flying to one standing. A close inspection will reveal feminine features in contrast to the masculine features Cyrus used for his sculpture of Massassoit.
American Elms (main north-south walkway): In 1983 all the American Elm trees in the Salt Lake Valley were succumbing to the Dutch Elm disease. Dr. Gary Strobel, a Church member from Montana State University, suggested inoculating each of the elms on Temple Square. Peter Lassig found the veins of each tree and performed the inoculation, claiming the trees "actually slurped it up." One of the other few surviving American Elms is located at Taufer Park (corner of 300 East and 700 South). In 1996, Graciela Garcia, who lives in the Phillips Towers, a low-income housing project for the elderly, went public with what was then her secret - that the Virgin Mary appeared in the stump of an elm branch that had been pruned and was weeping. The city built a stairway and people come daily to witness the event and pray. Taufer Park is a pocket park created by Salt Lake City to honor Justin E. Taufer, a 67-year-old Mormon bishop, who was shot 9 times and killed as he rescued a woman from the clutches of a rapist.
Seagull Monument: Only monument in the world to seagulls. Commemorates the miracle of 1848, when seagulls ate crickets which threatened to destroy the pioneer's first crops. Mahonri M. Young, Brigham Young's grandson is the sculptor. The real art work are the four bas-relief panels around the base. "Hon" Young was also the sculptor of hired to produce "This is the Place Monument" at the mouth of Emigration Canyon.
The Tabernacle: The first structure in the Salt Lake Valley was an open-sided bowery, with wooden posts supporting a roof of leafy boughs and dirt. Two or three were built where the tabernacle is located. The first tabernacle was built in 1851-2 with low adobe walls, a gabled roof and a floor below ground. It was located where the Assembly hall is now. With a seating capacity of 2,500, the Old Tabernacle soon became inadequate for congregations at general conferences, and beginning in 1854, the conferences were again held outdoors.
In April Conference, 1863, Brigham Young's second counselor, Daniel H. Wells, announced that: "Right here, we want to build a tabernacle to accommodate the saints at our general conference and religious worship that will comfortably seat 10,000 people." Brigham wanted the roof to be self supporting, with the view of the pulpit unobstructed by pillars or posts. Henry Grow, a convert from Pennsylvania who had built bridges over the Weber and Jordan Rivers, was appointed to design the roof. He adapted his bridge-building technique, using lattice trusses to form huge elliptical arches that spanned the entire width without intermediate supports. 1.5 million board feet of lumber was hauled from the Wasatch canyons. If the lumber began to split, it was wrapped with green rawhide, which shrank as it aged. Each of the massive beams was bent to form by steaming it and weighting it at both ends until the desired curve was achieved. The beam was then set in cold water. William H. Folsom and Truman 0. Angell were the architects.
The first meeting held inside was in 1872. Three years later, the tabernacle was fitted with a gallery which increased the seating from 7,000 to about 10,000 persons. John Taylor dedicated in on October 4, 1875. The shingle roof was replaced with copper at the turn of the Century and replaced, again, by aluminum in 1947. In 1968 a full basement was dug underneath for mechanical equipment, television broadcasting and translation. As the rostrum moved further into the center to accommodate more General Authorities of the Church, and the benches were spaced further apart, the seating capacity was further reduced. It now seats between 5,000 and 6,000 persons.
The building still ranks as one of the largest works of timber-roof framing in the world, and the only one in which arched lattice trusses are the primary supports. In 1971, the Tabernacle was designated as a national civil engineering landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers, the first building in country to be so named.
The organ designed and built by English carpenter, Joseph Ridges, was first used in 1867. Ridges and as many as one hundred workers worked from 1863 until 1867 to build the organ. The best wood was found around Parowan and in the Pine Valley (northwest of St. George). It was white pine, with few knots and not much tar and gum. The organ has been remodeled numerous times over the years. Theoretically, pipes don't wear out. The machinery behind the pipes does. All that remains of Ridge's original 1,600-pipe instrument are the four imposing towers containing 10 gilded wooden pipes, which still function, plus two other stops inside the organ. A major rebuild occurred in 1948 by the Aeolian-Skinner Organ Co. of Boston. The last rebuild was a 4-year project from 1984-1988 that converted electropneumatic key-relay and switching system to solid-state circuit boards. General settings increased from 20 actual to 17,800 potential. The instrument was expanded to 11,623 pipes in 206 ranks making it the world's 12th largest organ. To add more "umph" to five pedal stops, 11 loud speakers were installed in 1995, which play digitally sampled tones in unison with the pipes involved. The console is air-conditioned, swivels on a ball-bearing turn table that a child can push around. The lights inside the tabernacle and the Nauvoo bell outside can be controlled by the organist.
Nauvoo Bell (south of west gate): The Nauvoo Bell originally hung in the Nauvoo Temple (Illinois). It was taken to Winter Quarters in 1846 and brought to the valley in 1847 in the second company, also known as the "Big Company" (about 1,600 persons) led by John Taylor and Parley P. Pratt.
Water archway (next to the sidewalk, north of the west entrance): Before being bricked in, the small arch allowed water from City Creek, used in powering equipment on the premises and the organ bellows, to exit.
Family History Library (35 North West Temple Street): Open to the public, this 5story building houses one of the largest book and microfilm libraries in the world regarding genealogical information from various countries. Numerous volunteers are available to answer questions.
42. DEUEL-CARRINGTON 1847 CABIN (between the Family History Library and LDS Church History Museum): One of two surviving log cabins built by Mormon pioneers their first year in the valley (the other is located at "This is the Place" State Park). Osmyn Deuel and his brother, William, were blacksmiths and relatively well off when they came to Utah in spite of frequent relocations with the Church since 1831. Rather than build their own cabins, they purchased three identical homes for $60 each. Two were used as homes for the two families and the third was turned into a blacksmith shop. This cabin was perhaps the best quality available in the fort that year. It had wooden plank flooring (as opposed to dirt that most had) and a glass window. Its quality may have been the biggest reason for keeping it around. This 15 by 20 foot cabin was located in the north extension to the main fort. It was used as an armory in 1848 and sold the next year to Albert Carrington (Carrington Island named in his honor for helping Capt. Stansbury survey the Great Salt Lake, 1949-50). Carrington moved it to the southeast corner of 100 North and West Temple Streets. It was subsequently relocated to the southeast corner of Temple Square and finally to its current location when the buildings north and south of it were completed. The Deuel family relocated in Davis County somewhere in the vicinity of Deuel Creek.
43. MUSEUM OF (LDS) CHURCH HISTORY AND ART (45 North West Temple Street): The museum boasts a variety of changing displays featuring samples from its 10,000-artifact collection. The main floor features artifacts from the Church's beginning in 1820 through the l9th-Century in Utah and a bookstore. A cassette tape, self-guided tour is available at the front desk. Items of note frequently overlooked include the scientific instruments used by Orson Pratt and the vanguard company cistern barometer, thermometer, sextants, telescope, and theodolite [surveyor's instrument for measuring vertical or horizontal angles], Wilford Woodruff's fly fishing rod (first used in the Great Basis), Thomas Bullock's sketches of the trek (he was the official trek historian), also Bullock's drafting instruments to record the city plat, and the surveying tools used by Jesse Fox, who surveyed the county, mapped out canals, roads, and other improvements along the Wasatch Front, adobe construction bricks, Crismon Mill stones, paving bricks from South Temple Street, wooden irrigation pipe, l4th Ward Chapel, and a good (long) look at the city as it was in 1869.
This and the second-floor exhibit on church prophets from Joseph Smith remain
constant. The basement has a film auditorium and some art work. The main art
display area is on the second floor and changes every few months. This is
also where special events are
commemorated, like the 100th anniversary of the dedication of the Salt Lake Temple, the 150th anniversary of Joseph and Hyrum Smith's martyrdom, the annual art contest, etc. Open weekdays from 9 a.m. - 9 p.m.; weekends 10 a.m. - 7 p.m.
New Assembly Hall (LDS Church, block north of Temple Square): Construction is scheduled to be completed for April Conference in the year 2000. It is being built into the ground to avoid blocking the view from surrounding neighbors. It was supposed to seat 26,000 persons, but church leaders felt that was "too" big. It was recently scaled back to a "more intimate" 21,000. The redesign delayed the project 3 months, but Pres. Hinckley is holding to his deadline.
Pres. Hinckley wants to have superior acoustics, so the usual exposed steel-beam ceilings customarily employed in large arenas won't be used. The ceiling will be an actual, shaped ceiling, with no support pillars in the interior of the hall. To provide strength, the footings for the 80-foot high columns on its edges will be no less than 12 feet thick.
44. KIMBALL/WHITNEY CEMETERY: One of two private cemeteries in the city, the cemetery is located in the middle of the block north of the Church Office Building. A drive entrance is on Gordon Place. This is simply a narrow driveway between two houses on the west side of State Street, half way between North Temple and First North Streets. Drive west between the houses and you will find parking in the rear of each house and entrance to a small park, owned and maintained by the LDS Church. The cemetery is in the northwest corner of the park. Access (but not parking) is also possible from Main Street. The alley way between the Kimball Apartments is a public walkway. This was the first private plot of ground in Salt Lake Valley formally dedicated as a burial ground. It was on a hill back of the old Kimball Homestead which faced Main Street. In the fall of 1848, Heber and Newell K. Whitney dedicated this spot of ground to the Lord as a private cemetery for the two families. Newell Whitney's family occupied land where the Church Relief Society building is located on the northwest corner of Main and North Temple Streets.
Newell's wife, Ann Houston "Mother" Whitney was the first to be buried here, November of 1848. Two years later, Newell, himself, became the 6th person to occupy the cemetery. Heber, Vilate, and Ellen Sanders Kimball, one of the first 3 women to enter the valley, are buried here. There are 56 persons resting in the cemetery: 33 Kimballs, 13 Whitneys, and 10 others, including hired help, friends, and 2 Indians.
When Solomon Kimball returned from Arizona in 1886, he found the cemetery in a neglected condition. There was no fence around it. Nine-tenths of the graves could not be identified. Worse yet, the property was in the hands of 4 different people, each of whom was determined to commercialize it. Soon after, he found that it had been sold for taxes. He took matters in hand and discovered an old territorial law that exempted all burial places from taxation. He did not cease his labors until the titles were in possession of the Kimball family and a right-of-way was obtained to Main Street. A good iron fence was placed around the property. Four of the lots which belonged to Heber C. Kimball's estate were found which had been overlooked by the administrators. Proceeds from the sale of these lots brought $3,000 which was used to beautify and improve the cemetery. Lawn and beautiful evergreen trees were planted and a caretaker, John Drakeford, hired. Mr. Drakeford served in this capacity for many years.
Solomon went before the city council who granted the perpetual right to allow the honored dead to remain there on condition that the family improve, beautify, and take care of this piece of property and allow no more internments to be made there.
Solomon F. Kimball was manager and custodian of the Kimball & Whitney Cemetery for 25 years. During that time it was kept up by donations from members of the Kimball and Whitney families. Annual reports were mailed to members of the families listing donations and expenditures and each contained poems, photographs, and short sketches of those buried in the cemetery. Alice Kimball and Annie Kimball Knox, daughters of Heber, were the next custodians, followed by Joseph Kimball, then J. Golden Kimball. It was through the efforts of J. Golden that the Latter-day Saints assumed perpetual care of the Kimball & Whitney Cemetery.
When the LDS Church proposed making the area around the cemetery a park, local residents complained until the Church offered to also restore the 4 properties it purchased on both sides of Gordon Place. The landscape was not completed until 1994. The price of restoring two of the old houses on State Street (each side of Gordon Place) was in the range of a million dollars, about twice what the homes could have been replaced for. The Church balked at finishing the other two, but the city pressured the Church into following through with earlier promises since it was important to the city to preserve the historic nature of the neighborhood. Lady missionaries assigned to Temple Square now occupy the homes.
Heber Chase Kimball was one of the original pioneers of Utah. He was ordained an Apostle February 14, 1835, under the hands of Oliver Cowdery, David Whitmer and Martin Harris. He was the first apostle sent to England on a mission. After helping to establish the headquarters of the Church in Great Salt Lake Valley, he returned with Pres. Brigham Young to Winter Quarters, and when the presidency of the Church was reorganized on Dec. 24, 1847, Brother Kimball was selected and set apart as first counselor to Pres. Brigham Young, which position he held until his death (1868).
He was the husband of 45 wives and the father of 65 children. He had children by seventeen of his wives. Heber had forty-five sons (sixteen named Heber) and twenty daughters. He married five sets of sisters. (Some Mormons hoped sororal polygamy would lead to greater domestic harmony.) Fourteen of his wives had been married previously (including Mary Fielding Smith). At the time of marriage, nine of his wives were in their teens, seventeen in their twenties, five in their thirties, nine in their forties, and three in their fifties. Sixteen wives separated from him during his lifetime for various reasons, but none of his widows remarried after his death. Forty-one children and at least twenty-one wives survived him.
Newell Khnbafl Whitney, born in Vermont, 1795, was the second Bishop in the Church (Edward Partridge was the first) and store owner (especially in Kirtland, where Joseph Smith conducted the School of the Prophets). He married Elizabeth Ann Smith, a native of Connecticut, who was living in Kirtland, Ohio. Joseph Smith trusted him implicitly, not only in monetary matters, in which he often consulted him, but with many of his most secret thoughts, which he could confide but to few.
The friendship and intimacy existing between the Prophet and Bishop Whitney was strengthened and intensified by the giving in marriage to the former of the latter's eldest daughter, Sarah, in obedience to a revelation from God. This girl was but seventeen years of age, but she had implicit faith. She was the first woman, in this dispensation, given in plural marriage by and with the consent of both parents. Her father himself officiated in the ceremony.The revelation commanding and consecrating this union is in existence, though it has never been published, according to one of Newel's grandson. It bears the date July 27, 1842, and was given through the Prophet to Newel K. Whitney, whose daughter Sarah became the wife of Joseph Smith for time and all eternity.
The ceremony preceded by nearly a year the written document of the revelation on celestial marriage, first committed to paper July 12, 1843. But the principle itself was made known to Joseph some years earlier. Among the secrets confided by him to Bishop Whitney in Kirtland, was a knowledge of this self-same principle, which he declared would yet be received and practiced by the Church; a doctrine so far in advance of the ideas and traditions of the Saints themselves, to say nothing of the Gentile world, that he was "obliged to use the utmost caution, lest some of his best and dearest friends should impute to him improper motives."
The original manuscript of the revelation on plural marriage, as taken down by William Clayton, the Prophet's scribe, was given by Joseph to Bishop Whitney for safe keeping. He retained possession of it until the Prophet's wife Emma, having persuaded her husband to let her see it, on receiving it from his hands, threw it into the fire and destroyed it. Bishop Whitney, foreseeing the probable fate of the manuscript, had taken the precaution before delivering it up, to have it copied by his clerk, the late Joseph C. Kingsbury, who executed the task under his personal supervision. It was this same copy of the original that Bishop Whitney surrendered to President Brigham Young at Winter Quarters in 1846-7, and from that document "polygamy" was published to the world in the year 1852.
With the death of Joseph Smith, Bishop Whitney was given the added responsibility of Trustee-in-Trust for the Church. The office continued with Bishop Whitney until his death. From Winter Quarters in the spring of 1847, two of his sons, Horace K. and Orson K., went west with the Pioneers. He himself remained where his services were most needed, having charge, in conjunction with Isaac Morley, of emigration matters on the frontier. The year following he led a company of Saints across the plains to Salt Lake valley, arriving on the eighth of October. As his wagons rolled into the settlement, the general conference of the Church was just closing.
On the morning of Monday, September 23, 1850, an anxious group was gathered about the doorway of an unpretentious abode on City Creek, in what is still known as the Eighteenth Ward. Presidents Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball and others were there, exerting their faith that God will spare the life of Brother Whitney.
Two days before Whitney had returned from the Temple Block, where the labors of the Bishopric occupied much of his attention, complaining of a severe pain in his left side. It was pronounced bilious pleurisy. He never recovered, but grew rapidly worse during the remaining thirty- six hours of his mortal existence.
Regarding his father, his son Orson E Whitney said, "It was ever more gratifying to him to pay a debt than to contract one, and when all his debts were paid he was a happy man, though he had nothing left but his own moral and muscular energy."
45. CITY CREEK PARK (Northeast corner of State and North Temple Streets): This 1.7 acre city park, dedicated Oct. 14, 1995, extends up the south end of Memory Grove, which was dedicated in 1924. Before Memory Grove was created, P.J. Moran ran a sand and gravel pit on the west side of City Creek. Moran's company did much of the early cement work in the city. The park generally follows the original creek bed, past Charles Crismon's first grist mill in the valley. Walking the paths of the park is fun and educational as 30 birds and 41 mammals indigenous to the area are identified in cement, all the mammals with foot prints. Notice the 4x and 2x markings (meaning 4 or 2 times normal size). Have students identify the largest and the smallest mammals.
Charles Crismon Mill (monument on east side of walkway 100 yards or so up City Creek): This was the first mill built in the valley. The mill stones are in the LDS Church History Museum. By the following year, other mills were started in various locations.
46. BRIGHAM YOUNG HISTORIC PARK (Southeast corner of State and North Temple Streets): This park is located on Brigham Young's original property. City Creek came through this corner property before splitting into two streams where the Church Office building is located. The canyon road followed the east bank of the creek. A remnant of Brigham's stone wall on the east side of that road is now part of the park. This one acre park is owned and maintained by the LDS Church and reflects life on the Young property in the mid-19th Century.
Brigham Young's Private School-Bransford Apartments-The Gate & Eagle Gate Apartments: Originally the site of Brigham Young's private school house, this corner was later developed by renowned Susanna Bransford, (known as the "Silver Queen"), who lived kitty-corner in the "Gardo House." Her Bransford Apartments, which cost $150,000 to build, included an elegant dining room, live-in cooks, and servants' quarters above every apartment. Bransford inherited her first husband Albion Emery's mining fortune (Park City) and went on to marry Chicago millionaire Edwin Holmes, Serbian doctor Radovan Delitch, and Russian prince Nicholas Engalitcheff. Her apartments were demolished in 1984 and the current structures, erected in the 1980s, are based loosely on the original design. Church presidents Kimball, Benson, Hunter, and Hinckley have lived here in the northern section (top floor, northwest corner). Underground tunnels connect the apartments with Temple Square and the church's Administration Building.
47. ALTA CLUB: Until recently a males-only club, this exclusive establishment was founded in 1883 by prominent non-Mormon businessmen and excluded Mormons, though William Jennings (Eagle Emporium and Devereaux fame) was allowed membership. The property was acquired from a daughter of Brigham. The building was built in 1897 and was accessed from State Street. (Women workers had to use a separate entrance.) Twelve years later, the east wing was added and the entrance changed to South Temple Street. Across the street to the west was the location of the old "Gardo" house.
48. OLD SALT LAKE CITY LIBRARY (now, Hansen Planetarium and Space Science Museum): This 1905 structure housed the territory's 1,000 volume library funded by the U.S. Congress. The city library was open one day per week. Today, science, star, and laser shows are presented mornings, afternoons, and evenings in a domed theater.
49. SOCIAL HALL: Beneath the glass frame, which is the size and shape of the original structure, are the stone foundation walls of the first theater west of the Missouri River. There is also a small historical exhibit showing construction tools, building techniques, and old photographs. Built in 1852, this Greek Revival playhouse seated 350. Tickets were purchased with gold dust, tithing scrip, and produce. City dances were held here and the entrance fees included a discount for additional wives.
The hall later housed the Latter-day Saint College, which evolved into the LDS Business College now located on South Temple. The hall was razed in 1922 as part of a $1 million commercial project featuring twenty-five automobile garages, showrooms, and workshops, which lined Social Hall Avenue through the 1950s. Automobile advertisements can still be seen painted on surrounding brick structures. (Old Deseret Village at This is the Place State Park has a replica of this building in use today.)
Clara Decker, Brigham's fourth polygamous wife and the one who came west with him in 1847, lived in a cottage just to the north.
50. OLD SALT LAKE THEATER LOCATION (northwest corner of 100 South and State Streets): This structure was added to the city when it became obvious that the Social Hall was much too small to handle theater goers. Church architect Truman Angell's protégé, William Folsom, designed the stately theater, using the Drury Lane Theatre in London as a model.
At the site where the D&RG Railroad Depot now stands, workers mixed clay from Salt Lake's east benches with straw and gravel to form bricks. Pine beams were dragged from Cottonwood Canyon, and iron was scavenged from the wreckage of government wagons on the Wyoming desert to make nails. Women were asked to spend their evenings whittling wooden pegs to hold the massive ceiling beams together. Hiram Clawson bought some $40,000 worth of building materials from Camp Floyd for a tenth of the original cost. Most every local family could boast some contribution to the theater's construction.
Completed in 1862 at a cost of about $100,000 the theater had seats for about 1,500 persons, more than 4 times the capacity of the Social Hall. Like the Tabernacle, the bell-shaped interior created an echo which had to be corrected-in this case with a flat ceiling. Folsom, like Angell, had no formal architectural training. (Both were also father-in-laws to Brigham Young.) The theater was the largest building in town at 80 by 144 feet. Three posts on either side of the stage each held three large kerosene lamps to illuminate the performance area, and 385 oil lamps blazed away in the hall. Stoves placed around the perimeter of the seating provided heat. Gas was installed in 1872 and the building wired for electricity in the 1890s.
Among those who had their moment in the Salt Lake Theater spotlight were P.T. Barnum, Billie Burke, Buffalo Bill Cody, Franny Davenport, Eddie Foy, Al Jolson, Edwin Booth, Lillian Russell, Oscar Wilde, and all of the Barrymores, including Ethel, John, Lionel, and Drew. The most famous local product was the beautiful, but enigmatic Maude Adams, the subject of the movie, "Somewhere in Time."
Like the Social Hall, entrance was paid in grain, eggs, and even needlework. Parents were discouraged from bringing babies, but when simple discouragement did not work, operators put up a sign that was more direct. "Babies in arms ten dollars extra." A front row-center rocking chair was reserved for Brigham Young. He once said: "A people need amusement as well as religion. "The theater was always popular but wasn't always financially solvent. At one juncture, it was saved only by the fact that its competition, the Walker Opera House, burned to the ground. Church President, Heber J. Grant pumped $10,000 of his own money into keeping it going as a place of wholesome entertainment, but it was a lost cause.
The newer Orpheum theaters were more popular. The adobe theater was torn down in 1929 to make way for a gas station. Public sentiment wanted the building preserved, but money was not available, and President Grant had spent his limit. The D.U.P. museum, completed in 1950, was designed inside and out to replicate this piece of pioneer history.
U.S. Mint: One of the 6 branch offices of the U.S. Mint is across the street to the south.
51. DESERET NEWS BUILDING (30 East 100 South): The current 82,720 squarefoot structure is the Wh facility for the venerable Deseret News and its weekly insert the Church News. The newspaper has been working at this location since 1968, but quarters were cramped and low-tech. The facility is modern, functional, and beautiful. The front curved glass, enclosing the grand spiral staircase was designed to represent or remind visitors of a large roller press used in the printing of the newspaper.
52. UTAH COMMERCIAL AND SAVINGS BANK (22 East 100 South): Designed by Richard Kletting (also designed the State Capitol and Karrick buildings) and constructed in 1890 for Francis Armstrong, mayor and bank founder, this building is one of the best and few remaining examples of Richardsonian Romanesque architecture in the city. It predates the city-county building, also Richardsonian Romanesque, by 4 years. Massive, columned, and arched, the red sandstone is designed to look old and weathered and resemble 14th century styling. As was common for commercial buildings, the sandstone façade hides a simpler brick structure. National Register.
53. DINWOODEY CABINET SHOP/Dinwoodey Plaza ( 37 West 100 South): Henry Dinwoodey, a Scottish immigrant with 3 wives, moved his business here in 1869. The original adobe building had 2 stories, but was expanded to 3 in 1873. The current 6-story structure, built in 1890, has a flat façade that unfortunately covers a wonderfully flamboyant Victorian front. Dinwoodeys became the most prominent furniture supply house in the Intermountain West, eventually employing 75 workers. Because of the demand for burial caskets, Dinwoodey doubled as an undertaker. (To the east was the two-story office of the Godbeites' Mormon Tribune (forerunner of The Salt Lake Tribune).
54. BENNETT GLASS AND PAINT COMPANY (65 West 100 South): The west section of this building was built in 1896 for the firm of Sears and Liddle. In 1921 John F. Bennett built the east section, matching and doubling the first bay, as is evident by the seam between the original building and expansion. Construction dates are engraved in the masonry. The company's skill in art glass manufacturing is evident in the building's leaded glass windows. Bennett's company was the largest paint and stained glass window producer in the state. Bennett also served as vice-president of ZCMI and vice-president of Utah State National Bank.
Go back and walk (south) through Dinwoodey Plaza. The mural on the Dinwoodey building is of Double Arch in Utah's Arches National Park. Exit through the southwest corner of the park and into the alley and turn right then left into the passageway through the building housing the Arrow Press building on your right.
55. ARROW PRESS BUILDING (165 South West Temple Street): The Tribune Reporter Printing Company, later called Arrow Press, erected this building in 1890. Continue south to 200 South Street.
56. CITY'S FIRST POWER PLANT (on your left where the current Utah Power & Light substation is located): Salt Lake City was the fifth city in the world to generate electricity, after London, New York, San Francisco, and Cleveland. D.C. electric power was generated for the new trolley cars, which made their inaugural run, Aug. 17, 1889.
57. ORPHEUM/CAPITOL THEATER (50 West 200 South): Constructed in 1913 by the Orpheum vaudeville theater chain, this stage opened 8 years after its sister Orpheum (Promised Valley Playhouse) two blocks east on State Street. A 1909 marquee spanned the width of 200 South Street from sidewalk to sidewalk, and can now be found at the north entrance to Trolley Square. The interior was renovated in 1927 for motion pictures, then restored in 1967 to house the Utah Opera Company, Ballet West, Ririe- Woodbury Modern Dance Company, and Repertory Dance Theater. National Register. (The Walker Brothers built an opera house between here and their store on Main Street. It burned down.)
58. BERTOLINI BUILDING (145 West 200 South Street): Constructed in 1892 for Ignazio Bertolini, a prominent Italian real estate developer, has been occupied by various Italian, Greek, Russian, and Japanese businesses including a barber shop, restaurant, pool hall, organ grinder, and a variety of grocery stores. The rectangular plan, with the narrow end facing the street, was typical of small commercial buildings of the 1890s. National Register.
59. HOTEL VICTOR (155 West 200 South Street): Built in 1910 for Katherine Belcher, this 3- story building operated as a hotel into the 1960s. Italian immigrants Alphonso Scovelli and Joseph Fratello operated a saloon on the main floor for a decade or so. The Denver Fire-Clay manufactured fire brick and high-temperature clay and sold industrial furnaces and equipment during the next two decades. The highly detailed façade combines a variety of motifs and has a high-contrast color scheme. In the basement is the Green Parrot private club where a Mr. Riordan was killed by the infamous "Preppie Bandits." National Register.
60. PATRICK BUILDING (163 West 200 South): This 5-story building was erected in 1914 and housed the Decker-Patrick Company which was later renamed Patrick Dry Goods Company. The firm is still in business providing wholesale fabric to retailers. Note the building's projecting cornice, striking color contrast, and interesting variation in window treatment.
61. SMITH-BAILEY DRUG COMPANY-First Commercial Center (175 West 200 South): The Syndicate Investment Company constructed this "up-to-date modern warehouse" in 1908 for $71,000. Most striking is the amount of glass and the arrangement of windows. It bragged of being built with "fire-proof" steel, freight elevators, and vaults.
62. SWEET CANDY COMPANY (224 South 200 West Street): Westside Development Associates LLC is purchasing the property and planned to develop it into condominiums after the Sweet Candy Company finished its new building and moved out. This would have been the third condo project by Westside Development (Salt Lake Stamp and J.G. McDonald's - visible from here - are the first two, respectively). Plans changed in 2000, probably because of added housing in the Gateway Project and a downturn in the economy. The demand at the projected price disappeared and the building will probably become office space.
63. SALT LAKE STAMP "Dakota Lofts" (Northeast corner, 200 South and 400 West Streets): Westside Development Associates LLC began their entry into the downtown condominium by converting this building into 36 units, ranging in price from $85,000 to $350,000. The developers see a demand for units that can be owned, rather than rented. The first residents moved in December, 1997.
64. CRANE BUILDING (307 West 200 South Street): The Chicago-based Crane Company manufactured industrial valves and fittings, including beer barrel bushings and fire hydrants. The company constructed this 5-story box-shaped commercial building in 1910 in the city's warehouse district with the latest technology including "fireproof" construction and a steel frame wall-bearing system. The Westgate Business Center across the street to the northwest is a renovated warehouse of the same vintage.
Copyright 1999-2011 Mormon Trails Association, Inc. All Rights Reserved
Webmaster: Ron Andersen | <urn:uuid:de1af05a-2278-42ff-8e6d-f2b8a7a5ed13> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.mormontrails.org/Tours/Walking/slcity.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720153.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00324-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974602 | 28,211 | 3.75 | 4 |
Oral history interview with Nicolas Calas, 1977 December 12-1978 January 26
Calas, Nicolas, 1907-1988
Cummings, Paul, 1933-
Place of publication, production, or execution:
Sound recording: 2 sound tape reels ; 5 in.
Transcript: 115 pages
Uneven transcription reflects Calas' speech patterns, therefore not on web Originally recorded on 2 sound tape reels. Reformatted in 2010 as 4 digital wav files. Duration is 3 hr., 26 min.
An interview of Nicolas Calas conducted 1977 December 12-1978 January 26, by Paul Cummings, for the Archives of American Art.
Quotes and excerpts must be cited as follows: Oral history interview with Nicolas Calas, 1977 December 12-1978 January 26. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Funding for the digital preservation of this interview was provided by a grant from the Save America's Treasures Program of the National Park Service.
Sound quality is very poor.
Nicolas Calas (1907-1988) was an art historian from New York, New York. His books include "Icons and Images of the Sixties," (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1971), "The Peggy Guggenheim Collection of Modern Art," (New York: H.N. Abrams, 1966), and "Surrealism Pro and Con," (New York: Gotham Book Mart, 1973).
These interviews are part of the Archives of American Art Oral History Program, started in 1958 to document the history of the visual arts in the United States, primarily through interviews with artists, historians, dealers, critics and others.
Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, 750 9th St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20001 | <urn:uuid:88c6a2ad-2b23-45ac-9e81-8c590d6cc126> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://collections.si.edu/search/record/AAADCD_oh_212573 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00487-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.872059 | 365 | 1.773438 | 2 |
The Adventures of Errol Flynn: Documentary about action-adventure movie star Errol Flynn. Flynn's early life was something out of an adventure novel. He lived in the South Seas, undertook major sailing expeditions and dabbled in a variety of business ventures. His first stab at acting was In the Wake of the Bounty (1933), an Australian made film where, he admitted, he didn't have a clue what he was doing. He did repertory theater work in England for a time and eventually ended up under contract at Warner Bros. studios in Hollywood. Jack Warner personally selected him for the lead role in Kapten Blod (1935) which led to instant stardom. Similar roles, especially in Robin Hoods äventyr (1938) made him the top action/adventure hero of his day. His career hit a major bump in the road when he was charged with statutory rape in 1943. He was found not guilty and there is a consensus that he was set up. His career began to decline by the late 1940s and in 1953, his contract with Warners came to an end. He continued to make the occasional film and appeared on television but years of hard living eventually caught with him. He died in 1959 at the of 50. | <urn:uuid:566f8490-85ba-4049-b6eb-f57fa2b5af5f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.solarmovie.yt/movies/view/watch-503056-The-Adventures-of-Errol-Flynn | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00431-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989575 | 262 | 2.125 | 2 |
Federal Immigration Officials Must Take Immediate Action To Prevent Further Coronavirus Outbreaks at Detention Facilities
As the vast majority of the nation continues to practice social distancing measures to reduce community spread of COVID-19, millions of incarcerated people in prisons, jails, and immigration detention centers across the country have been left increasingly vulnerable. Interim guidance issued by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) regarding the management of the novel coronavirus makes clear that while there are countless opportunities for the virus to be introduced in a correctional or detention facility, there are few ways to prevent its spread. Facilities frequently fail to provide necessary personal hygiene and sanitation options, and both the number of people detained and the correctional setting make social distancing and medical isolation all but impossible.
While some state and local jurisdictions have taken smart and safe measures to decrease their detained populations to reduce the risk of an outbreak, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) officials have failed to implement adequate measures to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. By adopting policies at a glacial pace and releasing detainees in a seemingly ad hoc manner, ICE continues to place detained people, facility staff, and the communities in which detention facilities sit at heightened and unnecessary risk of contracting the virus. In recent weeks, it has also become clear that by deporting people infected with the virus to Guatemala, Mexico, and Haiti—countries that are woefully unprepared to handle the introduction of additional coronavirus cases—ICE’s recklessness is jeopardizing the health and stability of countries in the Western Hemisphere and beyond. The agency’s refusal to put life and safety first is threatening the hard-fought progress that the nation—and the world—is making in the fight to contain COVID-19.
Last month, the Center for American Progress recommended that federal immigration officials implement a series of policies to prevent the spread of COVID-19 in detention facilities and their surrounding communities. Policies included focusing civil immigration enforcement and detention exclusively on significant threats to public safety, releasing vulnerable and low-risk detainees from custody, and issuing a formal public statement suspending immigration enforcement at or near health care facilities. At the time, not a single immigration detainee had yet tested positive for the virus. Since then, Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and ICE officials have not taken the necessary measures to fully implement and commit to CAP’s recommendations. As the number of detained people and facility staff infected with the virus continues to rise—and following the coronavirus-related deaths of two guards at an ICE facility in Louisiana—a forthcoming study that will be published in the Journal of Urban Health estimates that without significant public health interventions, 72 percent to nearly 100 percent of individuals in immigration detention are expected to be infected within a 90-day period, placing incredible strain on nearby hospitals and intensive care units. As the nationwide fight against COVID-19 has made clear, quick and early action is critical to contain the spread of the virus, and no one, including ICE, is exempt from that.
Current ICE practices are falling short
As of April 30, ICE reports 490 positive cases of COVID-19 among its detainee population, as well as 36 positive cases among ICE employees at detention facilities. Both of these numbers are deceptively low.
As an initial matter, ICE has tested a vanishingly small number of individuals in its facilities—just 1,030 detained people as of April 30—meaning that it has a dangerously high test-positivity rate of nearly 48 percent. As nearly 30,000 individuals remain in detention today, that means that ICE has tested less than 3.5 percent of the people in its custody. Because ICE cannot report positive cases of which it remains willfully ignorant, the paucity of tests is likely a major factor in the relatively small number of positive test results. Moreover, ICE appears to be underreporting even the number of positive cases of which it is aware. In March, ICE justified its failure to disclose that a person held at the Krome detention center had tested positive based on the fact that the person had been transferred to the hospital at the time that the test was performed. More recently, while ICE reports that only three detainees at New Jersey’s Essex County Correctional Facility have tested positive for the virus, the county recently began using in the jail an approved blood test to detect coronavirus antibodies; as of April 20, the county had tested 115 ICE detainees and had identified 89 who were positive for COVID-19 or had developed immunity based on previous exposure, perhaps during their period of detention. None of these data are incorporated into ICE’s own public disclosures, and ICE has ordered the county to no longer publicly disclose these results.
The agency’s official count of facility personnel who have tested positive for the virus also fails to include individuals who work inside facilities run by third-party contractors in roles such as security guards, doctors, nurses, and janitorial staff. Although ICE officials have stated that information about infections of contractor staff must come from contracting companies themselves, a federal court recently ordered the agency to disclose the number of contract personnel who had tested positive at three South Florida detention centers. Currently, more than 81 percent of people held in immigration detention are housed in facilities run by private contractors such as CoreCivic and the GEO Group. With contract employees at these facilities not included in official reporting, ICE is failing to recognize an entire segment of the population that is known to be carrying COVID-19 into detention facilities and back out into surrounding communities; the widow of one of the guards who recently died says she contracted the virus from her husband and that several relatives are exhibiting symptoms.
The agency’s failure to respond in an effective and transparent way to the coronavirus outbreak is consistent with its long history of underreporting medical emergencies and failing to comply with medical standards. In order to have an accurate understanding of COVID-19 community spread across detention facilities, ICE must include all privately contracted staff, as well as detainees who have been transported to medical centers, in its official reporting.
Outbreaks of COVID-19 in ICE facilities across the country
The rapid spread of COVID-19 across detention facilities nationwide has resulted in significant outbreaks that place detainees, staff, and surrounding communities at imminent risk:
- The Otay Mesa Detention Center in San Diego, California, has 98 positive cases among detainees and eight cases among ICE staff members, meaning it has the largest outbreak of COVID-19 in a detention facility. Additional correctional staff employed by CoreCivic, the third-party contractor that runs the facility, have also tested positive. Detainees spoke out early about the conditions inside Otay Mesa, particularly the lack of space for distancing and the lack of access to personal protective equipment, which made the facility a “ticking time bomb” for becoming a COVID-19 hot spot.
- At the Buffalo Federal Detention Facility in Batavia, New York, the amount of positive cases nearly tripled in one week, from 4 to 11; two weeks later, the number had more than quadrupled to 49. In mid-March, approximately 40 to 50 detainees were transferred to Batavia from Bergen, Essex, and Hudson county jails in New Jersey—all of which have confirmed cases of COVID-19. Detainees transferred from the Batavia facility likely spread the virus to other facilities now experiencing outbreaks.
- The Alexandria Staging Facility in Alexandria, Louisiana, which ICE utilizes as a hub for deportation flights, has confirmed 14 positive cases among its staff. So far, the United States has deported people infected with the virus to at least Guatemala, Haiti, Mexico, and Colombia; the more than 100 people deported to Guatemala who have tested positive for the virus make up nearly 20 percent of the 585 known coronavirus cases in that country. After the Guatemalan government briefly suspended deportation flights from the United States and other countries began to express concerns about accepted deportees, ICE announced that it would order 2,000 tests per month from the Department of Health and Human Services—not to identify the virus and treat sick people in its facilities but rather to ensure that people can be medically cleared to board deportation flights. Guatemala recently confirmed that a flight containing 92 Guatemalan nationals would be permitted to land in the country after every deportee tested negative for the virus. The confirmed cases at the Alexandria Staging Facility raise serious concerns over the role of ICE policies in the spread of COVID-19 across the region.
The proliferation of confirmed coronavirus infections at detention facilities around the country comes as no surprise. Not only was this result foretold more than two months ago, but prisons and jails around the country are also experiencing an explosive growth in such cases. According to multiple reports, when immigration detainees are exposed to a detainee who subsequently tests positive for the coronavirus, ICE confines the exposed people in a single housing unit for a period of two weeks, a process called “cohorting.” According to CDC guidance, cohorting is “the practice of isolating multiple laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases together as a group, or quarantining close contacts of a particular case together as a group.” Put simply, detainees who are known to have encountered COVID-19 are confined together for weeks, only increasing the likelihood that they too contract the disease. CDC guidelines warn against the use of cohorting in detention facilities and prisons, describing it as appropriate only “if there are no other available options” and only if additional precautions are taken to limit the risk of spread within the cohorted population. Given ICE’s long history of overcrowding, poor sanitation, and failure to provide necessary medical care, cohorting practices go against all recommendations in mitigating the spread of COVID-19 and simply make a bad problem worse.
In response to increasing pressure to reduce detention facility populations to preserve public health and safety, ICE has taken a number of half measures. In an April 15 update to its website, ICE confirmed it had released nearly 700 detainees who were at high risk of severe illness due to COVID-19. Acting Director Matthew Albence later confirmed to members of the U.S. House Committee on Oversight and Reform that the agency would not be releasing any more detainees, stating that releasing immigrants from custody to protect them from COVID-19 could signal that the administration is “not enforcing our immigration laws.” In order to prevent further spread of the coronavirus throughout its nationwide network of detention facilities and into the broader community, ICE must release detainees in larger numbers and at faster rates.
Public pressure and court actions
As the number of confirmed cases continues to climb across detention facilities, elected officials, advocates, and detainees themselves have built significant pressure against ICE to take necessary action. Senate and House leaders have authored multiple letters to acting DHS Secretary Chad Wolf and acting ICE Director Albence calling for increased oversight and the release of at-risk detainees, and Sen. Cory Booker (D-NJ) and Rep. Pramila Jayapal (D-WA) developed legislation, the FIRST Act, to force the agency to review its detained population and consider releases. California Attorney General Xavier Becerra called for comprehensive testing of staff and detained people in facilities in the state, a limit on the transfer and transport of detainees, access to personal protective equipment for detainees and staff, reductions in detainee populations, and improved sanitation.
Within facilities, detainees are staging demonstrations and participating in hunger strikes over continued concerns for their safety and inability to access sanitation supplies. Of the individuals released from ICE custody, many are at-risk detainees who secured release only through litigation in federal court. The American Civil Liberties Union and partner organizations continue litigation efforts in multiple states to secure the release of those most vulnerable to serious health consequences associated with COVID-19. On April 20, a federal judge in California granted class certification and entered a preliminary injunction requiring ICE to identify and track all detainees at high risk of developing serious health consequences from a coronavirus infection, make timely determinations regarding the custody of these individuals, and enforce compliance with ICE’s COVID-19 Pandemic Response Requirements. And on April 30, a federal judge overseeing a lawsuit at the Otay Mesa facility issued an order finding that conditions at the facility for medically vulnerable detainees “are unconstitutional under the Fifth Amendment because the conditions of their confinement place [them] at substantial risk of serious illness or death.” The court ordered ICE to immediately conduct a review and release all medically vulnerable detainees suitable for release. Given the urgent need for ICE to adopt policies promoting public health during the ongoing pandemic, it is unacceptable that releases are being secured largely through litigation and advocacy, rather than through sound agency policy.
ICE officials have failed to implement necessary measures to prevent outbreaks of COVID-19 across detention facilities. As a result, they have left tens of thousands of people vulnerable and at high risk of coming into contact with the virus. Beyond jeopardizing the health and safety of people in confinement, the failure to prevent and address the spread of the coronavirus in custodial settings has dramatic implications for public health and community spread. The forthcoming Journal of Urban Health study says plainly that if “more limited measures on the part of ICE prove ineffective, then the successful social distancing strategies implemented in a community may be undone by the large number of detainee infectious disease cases that its hospitals must care for.” These problems will only be more devastating if ICE continues to deport individuals who became infected with COVID-19 while in government custody. By recklessly exporting the coronavirus to countries that are even less equipped than the United States to handle the serious health consequences of an outbreak, federal immigration detention and removal efforts are jeopardizing the health and stability of the region and the world at large.
Sofia Carratala is the special assistant for Immigration Policy at the Center for American Progress. Tom Jawetz is the vice president of Immigration Policy at the Center.
To find the latest CAP resources on the coronavirus, visit our coronavirus resource page.
The positions of American Progress, and our policy experts, are independent, and the findings and conclusions presented are those of American Progress alone. A full list of supporters is available here. American Progress would like to acknowledge the many generous supporters who make our work possible.
Executive Policy Associate
Vice President, Immigration Policy | <urn:uuid:9c87e001-60d1-440d-8127-849af71549b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.americanprogress.org/article/federal-immigration-officials-must-take-immediate-action-prevent-coronavirus-outbreaks-detention-facilities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.958871 | 2,950 | 1.921875 | 2 |
|[Registered Qual & Unit Std Home page] [Search Qualifications] [Search Unit Standards]|
|All qualifications and part qualifications registered on the National Qualifications Framework are public property. Thus the only payment that can be made for them is for service and reproduction. It is illegal to sell this material for profit. If the material is reproduced or quoted, the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) should be acknowledged as the source.|
|SOUTH AFRICAN QUALIFICATIONS AUTHORITY|
|Certificate: Auxiliary Nursing|
|SAQA QUAL ID||QUALIFICATION TITLE|
|22897||Certificate: Auxiliary Nursing|
|PRIMARY OR DELEGATED QUALITY ASSURANCE FUNCTIONARY||NQF SUB-FRAMEWORK|
|QCTO - Quality Council for Trades and Occupations||OQSF - Occupational Qualifications Sub-framework|
|National Certificate||Field 09 - Health Sciences and Social Services||Curative Health|
|ABET BAND||MINIMUM CREDITS||PRE-2009 NQF LEVEL||NQF LEVEL||QUAL CLASS|
|Undefined||120||Level 4||Level TBA: Pre-2009 was L4||Regular-Provider-ELOAC|
|REGISTRATION STATUS||SAQA DECISION NUMBER||REGISTRATION START DATE||REGISTRATION END DATE|
|LAST DATE FOR ENROLMENT||LAST DATE FOR ACHIEVEMENT|
|In all of the tables in this document, both the pre-2009 NQF Level and the NQF Level is shown. In the text (purpose statements, qualification rules, etc), any references to NQF Levels are to the pre-2009 levels unless specifically stated otherwise.|
This qualification does not replace any other qualification and is not replaced by any other qualification.
|PURPOSE AND RATIONALE OF THE QUALIFICATION|
|The purpose of the qualification is to enable the learner to practice as a Registered Nurse in a variety of health-care settings, within his/her Scope of Practice. The programme will prepare the learner to function within the following roles:
|LEARNING ASSUMED TO BE IN PLACE AND RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING|
|The learner must show evidence of learning at NQF level 4, equivalent to Grade 10. Recognition will be given to related prior learning gained formally or informally. The learner should have oral and written fluency in the language in which the course will be offered and a minimum requirement of numeracy at Grade 10 level or equivalent.|
|RECOGNISE PREVIOUS LEARNING?|
|The qualification will be awarded when the requirements of the Statutory body are met in terms of SANC Regulation 2176|
|EXIT LEVEL OUTCOMES|
On completion of the learning programme the learner will be able to:
1. Provide, manage and facilitate comprehensive health and basic nursing care using the scientific approach in the context of primary and secondary health care to individuals, families and communities.
2. Respond efficiently and effectively to an emergency and disaster situation to save lives and prevent disability.
3. Maximise the utilisation of resources to improve the quality of health, nursing care and services.
4. Interact effectively with all multi-disciplinary health team members as well as communities to which they are exposed, to facilitate the promotion of health and the dissemination of information.
5. Assume responsibility for the nursing care of individuals, families and communities in all settings to ensure quality of care, within the multidisciplinary team.
6. Maintain competency through continuing education for professional growth and development.
7. Advocate for the rights of individuals, families and communities and for the continued provision and the development of comprehensive quality health care.
8. Advocate for the rights and responsibilities of health care.
|ASSOCIATED ASSESSMENT CRITERIA|
|The student will demonstrate achievement of the learning outcome by being able to:
Conduct a holistic health assessment of individuals and communities.
Collect, analyse and interpret data against a body of scientific knowledge.
Formulate a nursing diagnosis.
Identify risk factors and implement preventative interventions to improve client care.
Identify health needs, priorities and set objectives for a plan of care.
Create and maintain therapeutic environment to meet the needs of the individual, family and community.
Implement planned interventions with active involvement of individuals, families and members of the health team.
Implement a discharge plan in collaboration with individuals, family members and the health care team.
Adequately monitor progress of clients and the outcome of interventions and in collaboration with the registered nurse change the plan of nursing care where necessary.
Demonstrate knowledge, skills and understanding of the physical and psycho-social responses, as well as the immediate needs of the individuals, families and communities facing emergencies and disaster.
Participate with communities and other stakeholders in the management of emergency situations.
Identify and promote cost containing measures without compromising the quality of care.
Demonstrate knowledge of the role and function of other stakeholders in health care.
Demonstrate the ability to work well in a team.
Give appropriate and accurate health education to individuals, families and communities.
Apply the scientific process of nursing and Primary Health Care principles to the nursing care of individuals, families and communities.
Demonstrate ethical behaviour in own practice.
Respond creatively to the health care needs of society.
Respond with sensitivity to cultural needs, value and beliefs of clients.
Render health care within the relevant legal parameters.
Take responsibility to for life-long learning.
Identify own learning needs.
Explore and use opportunities for professional development.
Explore and use opportunities for professional development.
Participate in self-directed learning activities aimed at improving knowledge and skills.
Advocate for the rights of patients as enshrined in the Constitution of South Africa and the Patient's Rights Charter.
Uphold the Batho Pele principles in dealing with clients and the public.
Demonstrate the application of the advocacy process in dealing with individuals, families and communities.
Identify and utilise relevant social networks and resources to ensure quality health care.
Discuss issues in relation to safety and human rights in the workplace.
Participate in promotion and protection of human rights of all health care providers.
Demonstrate sound knowledge of disciplinary procedures, grievance handling procedure and codes of conduct, relevant to the maintenance of good labour relations.
Adhere to the policies related to occupational health and to minimise occupational health and safety hazards.
Formative assessment which is integrated and conducted on a continuous basis.
|Limited to South Africa and Africa|
Agreements are not in place at present. Should be able to articulate with nursing colleges on a national level.
This qualification allows for progression to a higher level of Post Basic Nursing on a national level: The certificate leading to Enrolment as a nurse.
|Internal moderation will be done by the Head of the Nursing Education Institution or by designated moderators.
External moderation will be done in accordance of the designated quality assurance body.
|CRITERIA FOR THE REGISTRATION OF ASSESSORS|
|Assessors must be qualified experts in the field in which they assess. Registration with South African Nursing Council as a Registered Nurse/tutor is a requirement.|
|As per the SAQA Board decision/s at that time, this qualification was Reregistered in 2006; 2009; 2012; 2015.|
|LEARNING PROGRAMMES RECORDED AGAINST THIS QUALIFICATION:|
|PROVIDERS CURRENTLY ACCREDITED TO OFFER THIS QUALIFICATION:|
|This information shows the current accreditations (i.e. those not past their accreditation end dates), and is the most complete record available to SAQA as of today. Some Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionaries have a lag in their recording systems for provider accreditation, in turn leading to a lag in notifying SAQA of all the providers that they have accredited to offer qualifications and unit standards, as well as any extensions to accreditation end dates. The relevant Primary or Delegated Quality Assurance Functionary should be notified if a record appears to be missing from here. | <urn:uuid:c3900790-2a9b-43e6-841f-cf8e4da1f397> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://regqs.saqa.org.za/viewQualification.php?id=22897 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.891089 | 1,974 | 1.5 | 2 |
ENGL 2341 - Forms of Literature
Prerequisites: ENGL 1301 or its equivalent with a “C” or better and ENGL 1302 or its equivalent with a “C” or better.
A study of one or more literary genres including, but not limited to, poetry, fiction, drama and film. Topics may vary with each section offered. This is a writing intensive course that requires a written research project. This course may be repeated once for credit.
This course fulfills the Language, Philosophy, and Culture foundational component area of the core, and addresses the following required objectives: Critical Thinking, Communication, Social Responsibility, and Personal Responsibility.
Semester Hours: (3 -3- 0)
CIP: 16.0104.51 13
Click here for course schedule information. | <urn:uuid:5b579839-d519-4763-a2ce-9afe0a2cb2d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://myalamocatalog.alamo.edu/preview_course_nopop.php?catoid=214&coid=108090 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.900261 | 202 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.