text stringlengths 181 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 3 values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1 value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 50 138k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
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Pronunciation: (thal"u-sī'u-nēn", -nin, fthal"-), [key]
1. Also called metal-free phthalocyanine. a blue-green pigment, C32H18N8, derived from phthalic anhydride.
2. any of the group of blue or green pigments produced by the interaction of metal-free phthalocyanine and a metal, esp. copper: used chiefly in the manufacture of enamels, printing inks, and automotive finishes.
Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Copyright © 1997, by Random House, Inc., on Infoplease. | <urn:uuid:199d1f1e-a529-4acf-9228-086d03c13f16> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://dictionary.infoplease.com/phthalocyanine | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00286-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.80338 | 140 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The astonishing village where little girls turn into boys aged 12
In a remote village in the Dominican Republic girls become boys at puberty because of a rare genetic disorder
He is one of many children who live in Salinas, an isolated village in the southwestern Dominican Republic, who are seemingly born female, only to become men in their teenage years.
Although Johnny’s story may seem extraordinary, cases of little girls turning into boys are so prevalent in the village that it is no longer considered abnormal. The children are simply referred to as the ‘guevedoces’ – which literally translates as ‘penis at 12’
Johnny, 24, was originally named Felecitia by his parents and brought up as a girl. He spoke to Dr Michael Mosley for the new BBC2 series “Countdown to Life – the extraordinary making of you"
“I remember I used to wear a little red dress,” he said. “I was born at home instead of in a hospital. They didn’t know what sex I was.
“I went to school and I used to wear my skirt. I never liked to dress as a girl. When they bought me girls toys I never bothered playing with them. All I wanted to do was play with the boys.”
The rare genetic disorder occurs because of a missing enzyme which prevents the production of a specific form of the male sex hormone - dihydro-testosterone - in the womb.
All babies in the womb, whether male or female, have internal glands known as gonads and a small bump between their legs called a tubercle. At around eight weeks, male babies who carry the Y chromosome start to produce dihydro-testosterone in large amounts, which turns the tubercle into a penis. For females, the tubercle becomes a clitoris.
But some male babies are missing the enzyme 5-α-reductase which triggers the hormone surge, so they appear to be born female with no testes and what appears to be a vagina. It is not until puberty, when another huge surge of testosterone is produced, that the male reproductive organs emerge. What should have happened in the womb happens around 12 years later. Their voices deepen and they finally grow a penis.
For Johnny it happened at the age of seven. He claimed that he had never felt like a little girl and was far happier after he fully became a boy.
“When I changed I was happy with my life,” he said.
A little girl named Carla is currently going through the same transformation, aged nine. Despite being brought up as a girl, his mother noticed that from the age of five he was more inclined towards the rough and tumble play of little boys. He has recently had his hair cut shirt after wearing plaits for years.
“I feel like a man now,” he said.
Many decide not to change from their female names, so some men in Salinas have names like Catherine.
The guevedoces were first discovered by a Cornell University endocrinologist Dr Julianne Imperato in the 1970s who travelled to Dominican Republic after hearing strange rumours about girls turning into boys.
Further cases have since been seen in the Sambian villages of Papua New Guinea although the Sambians view the children as flawed males and they are often shunned, unlike the Dominicans who welcome the transformation with widespread celebration.
Dr Mosley said: “I hated going through puberty; voice cracking, swinging moods, older brother laughing at me. But compared to Johnny, I had it easy.
“Guevedoces are also sometimes called “machihembras” meaning “first a woman, then a man”. When they’re born they look like girls with no testes and what appears to be a vagina. It is only when they near puberty that the penis grows and testicles descend.
“When Dr Imperato investigated the Guavadoces she discovered the reason they don’t have male genitalia at birth is because they are deficient in an enzyme called 5-α-reductase, which normally converts testosterone into dihydro-testosterone.
“By a quirk of chance Dr Imperato’s research was picked up by the American pharmaceutical giant, Merck. They used her discovery to create a drug called finasteride, which blocks the action of 5-α-reductase.
“It is now widely used to treat benign enlargement of the prostate and male pattern baldness. For which, I’m sure, many men are truly grateful.”
Around one in 90 children in Salinas are guevedoces and although they resemble sexually normal males, subtle differences do still exist in adulthood. Most have decreased amounts of facial hair and smaller prostate glands relative to the average male.
It is thought that the condition has persisted through generations because of the isolation of the villagers. Because the disorder is so widespread and accepted, the Dominican Republic now believes that there are three sexual categories, male, female, and pseudohermaphrodite.
Growing a penis at 12: the 'Guevedoce' boys of the Dominican Republic
…We came across Johnny when we were filming for a new BBC2 series, “Countdown to Life”, which looks at the consequences of normal, and abnormal, developments in the womb.
Johnny is known as a “Guevedoce”, which literally means, “penis at twelve”. And the reason he’s called that is because, like 1 in 90 of the boys in the area, he first started to grow a penis when he was going through puberty…
Johnny, who is now in his 20s, was once known as Felicita. He was brought up as a girl and remembers going to school in a little red dress.
When he was young he would happily play with other little girls, but after the age of seven he started to change
“I did not feel good, I no longer liked to wear a skirt, and I was no longer drawn to play with girls. All I wanted to do is play with toy guns and boys”
When he turned obviously male he was teased at school because”, as he put it, “it is hard to imagine a girl that is now is a boy”.
One of the first people to study this unusual condition was Dr Julianne Imperato, a Cornell endocrinologist. She travelled to this remote part of the Dominican Republic in the 1970s because of strange rumours about girls turning into boys
She eventually unraveled the mystery of what is going on and by doing so helped make a surprising medical breakthrough.
At conception we all inherit a set of genes from our parents that will, in time instruct our bodies to make us male or female. But for the first few weeks of our lives human embryos are neither. Instead we have a protrusion called a tubercle. If you’re genetically male the Y chromosome instructs the gonads to become testicles. They also send testosterone to the tubercle, where it is converted into a potent hormone called dihydro-testosterone This transforms the tubercle into a penis. If you’re female and don’t make dihydro-testosterone then your tubercle becomes a clitoris.
When Dr Imperato investigated the Guavadoces she discovered the reason they don’t have male genitalia at birth is because they are deficient in an enzyme called 5-α-reductase, which normally converts testosterone into dihydro-testosterone. So they appear female when they are born, but around puberty, when they get another surge of testosterone, they sprout muscles, testes and a penis.
Apart from being slightly undersized everything works and the Guavadoces normally live out their lives as men, albeit with wispy beards and small prostates.
By a quirk of chance Dr Imperato’s research was picked up by the American pharmaceutical giant, Merck. They used her discovery to create a drug called finasteride, which blocks the action of 5-α-reductase. IT is now widely used to treat benign enlargement of the prostate and male pattern baldness. For which, I’m sure, many men are truly grateful
Since he’s become male Johnny has had a number of short term girlfriends, but he is still looking for the love of his life. “I’d like to get married and have children, a partner who will stand by me through good and bad”, he sighs wistfully.
“Countdown to Life – the extraordinary making of you” on Monday 21st September, BBC2, 9pm.
From The Telegraph @ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/11874711/The-astonishing-village-where-little-girls-turn-into-boys-aged-12.html and http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/11874983/Dr-Michael-Mosely-growing-a-penis-at-12.html
Video - https://youtu.be/Y3D8UMEpqok
For more information about sexuality see http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/search/label/sex
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From the New Illuminati – http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com | <urn:uuid:885ffcce-e13c-4435-8eb8-c2df6b0e4427> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://nexusilluminati.blogspot.com/2015/10/the-astonishing-village-where-little.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00501-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948086 | 2,856 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Arjuna: Benefits, Precautions and Dosage
Arjunarishta is a herbal supplement that is well-known for its cardiovascular benefits. This is a herbal concoction composed of various medicinal plants that go through a distillation and extraction process to achieve the right composition of the beneficial nutrients required for heart health.
It was used routinely by ayurvedic practitioners for over a thousand years ago to treat heart health issues. The natural ingredients used to make this miracle tonic are:
- Terminalia arjuna bark
- Woodfordia fruticosa flowers
- Madhuca Indica flowers
- Vitis vinifera , dried grapes
Benefits of Arjuna
Arjuna has phytochemicals that aid in boosting and repairing heart related health issues. These phytochemicals are antioxidants that can prevent not only the heart but also other organ damage. Arjuna Health Supplement Capsules are known to have the potential to combat various other diseases as well. Let’s look at some:
- Heart Disease – There are many facets in heart health. These include proper health function owing to the imperative role the heart plays in a body, protection from damage due to aging and also healing from cardiovascular diseases. The heart is prone to oxidative stress. The flavonoids present in Arjuna Health Supplement Capsules help protect against the damage caused. When the lymph system around the heart dysfunctions, this herbal supplement drains the lymph and thus regulates the muscular pumping of the organ and the blood flow.
- Angina – When the heart gets less oxygen, there is a blockage and pain is experienced in the chest area generally. These are signs of coronary heart disease more commonly called “Angina”. The arjuna herb benefits this condition as effectively as allopathic drugs. It guarantees improvement in heart function as well as reduces angina disorder symptoms.
- Gut Health – Gut health is of utmost importance as this is the most delicate system in the human anatomy which is overworked in today’s times, causing a lot of health issues. The stomach lining (Gastric Mucosa) is strengthened and maintained by a regular dosage of Arjuna Health Supplement Capsules. For centuries, traditional Ayurveda has used Arjuna as an antacid due to its antibacterial properties to prevent heartburn and acidity. The bacteria in the digestive tract cause ulcers, gastritis, and other stomach infections which lead to more abnormalities, Arjuna has been held as the digestive tonic or medicine to cure and clean the system.
- Diabetes – While it is a known fact that amongst the benefits of arjuna, blood sugar management still hasn’t been talked about as much as it should have been. Correcting insulin sensitivity is as significant as reducing blood sugar levels and Arjuna improves this overall. Also, it benefits hyperglycemia.
- Liver and Kidney Health – The dynamic antioxidants present in this herbal composition of Arjuna show great promise in healing most of the organs especially the liver and kidneys. The main function of these organs is to get rid of the accumulated toxins from the body. Particularly in the case of the liver, bile production is an absolute necessity and Arjuna helps boost that while simultaneously removing the toxins from the system. It has been indicated that arjuna has notably been used in liver cirrhosis cases and has shown considerable improvement.
- Cancer – Research in animal studies has shown that the arjuna bark is productive in controlling the formation of any kind of tumors. While it is still in the initial stages of development for human vs. cancer studies and experiments, it has been said that Vitis Vinifera kills cancer cells efficiently.
Although there isn’t a lot of research on the side-effects of consumption of Arjuna Health Supplement Capsules, some people do experience minimal symptoms of headaches, body aches, nausea and constipation. Not recommended for pregnant and breastfeeding women as well as children. As only finite information is available, it is likely to behave in any way with different medications.
In case one is on prescription medication, it is better to speak to a healthcare practitioner before taking arjuna.
Arjuna is available in many forms. In syrup form but that is not advisable for diabetes patients as it has some quotient of jaggery which is raw cane sugar available in Asia. Also, a tincture should be taken in a glass of water with just a few drops. The easiest and most popular form is capsules, which can be taken as 1200 mg of strength on an empty stomach before or after meals. The dosage is not to be exceeded as a precautionary measure.
The bottom line
All in all, this versatile herbal supplement has so many healing and strengthening qualities, it should be made part of the daily regimen. Traditionally, arjuna for heart has been the most popular reason for taking it, but this miracle herbal concoction has many other benefits.
Because we cannot scrub our inner body we need to learn a few skills to help cleanse our tissues, organs, and mind. This is the art of ayurveda. | <urn:uuid:1b23e45f-0aa4-4ded-ac6b-939439ff1405> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://roarnaturally.com/arjuna-benefits-precautions-and-dosage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.947264 | 1,080 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Function & Features
||Light Source Service Life
||Class A high efficient solar panel
||Optional Emitting Color
||Replaceable lithium iron phosphate battery
|Solar panel power
||Solar panel life
||322 x 232 x 246
||flashing light intensity
||Steady burning/ Flashing
|Continuous working time in rainy day
||> 20days( work 12 hours a day)
||Optically Controlled Ambient Brightness
- Continuous working time in rainy day can reach more than 20 days (12 hours a day) .
- Photocell can switch ON/OFF the light in rainy days or at night automatically.
- Standardization of optical design, high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
- Adopts high efficient solar chip, photoelectric conversion efficiency is over 25%.
- The integration of the waterproof design, it can work in soaking in sea water, High protection grade IP67.
- Adopts special customized LED chip, conversion efficiency and service life is higher than normal LED.
- Circuit adopts advanced charging and discharging management system, prolong battery’s life effectively.
- Provides strong corrosion resistance, lightning resistance, UV resistance, impact resistance.
- Inner adopted with replaceable lithium iron phosphate battery, reduce user’s maintenance difficulty and cost.
- The base adopts marine-grade dedicated plastic material, it can apply to seaways, river way, chemical plant and airport that have hostile and strong corrosive environment.
- Optional with GPS sync function.
- With anti-bird device.
- No radio frequency (rf), no electromagnetic interference.
- Small size, steady working, low cost.
1.Please read the instruction carefully and then use the device correctly.
2.Solar powered Aviation obstruction light must be installed in a sunny place to keep it working continuously.
3.Please install this light on the Installation plane that perpendicular to light axis, installation plane should has mechanical strength.
4.If the device fails to work at the first using time, please place the device under sunlight to recharge power 12hours, it will work.
5.Please turn off the device and put it in a sunlight for 5day(s) to recharge power each 3 months if it needs to be stored for a long time.
6.If there any other problem please contact us. | <urn:uuid:309b3cb8-86eb-47c3-ba76-07f09355ccf6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://obslight.com/solar-medium-intensity-type-b-aviation-obstruction-light-p00154p1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.762881 | 778 | 1.695313 | 2 |
We are told by no less than President Obama and supporters of his nominee to the Supreme Court, Elena Kagan, that she "loves the law."
I love my cat, but what does loving the law mean for the court, for the law and for the public?
What is the law? Is it a game played by insiders who went to Harvard (or Yale) law schools and the intellectual equivalent of theological debates over how many angels can dance on the head of a pin? Or is it something else, and if something else, what?
The classical view of law is that it is meant to restrain lawbreakers. But in order to define a lawbreaker, one must have a standard for law so that people know it when they break it. The modern ("progressive" as Kagan has been called) view of law is that it is to serve the political ends of those in power. This is why we hear so much talk about Kagan being in touch with "average," or "regular" people, as opposed to above and below average and "irregular" people I suppose.
The classic view of law is something quite different. Expressed by the English jurist William Blackstone -- who, if he is studied at all at Harvard and Yale, is most likely treated as a relic with nothing to say to us moderns -- is that the law began in the Mind of a Higher Authority. Blackstone expressed it this way: "No enactment of man can be considered law unless it conforms to the law of G0d."
Blackstone's philosophy was not insular, but served a larger purpose. As he expressed it, a law rooted in the ultimate Lawgiver, means, "The law, which restrains a man from doing mischief to his fellow citizens, though it diminishes the natural, increases the civil liberty of mankind."
In other words, if the law is a kind of judicial floating crap game, no one can say at any given moment where the "game" is being played or what the outcome might be. But law that is fixed and conforms people to a recognized standard promotes the general welfare -- as opposed to political interests -- and even increases civil liberties.
That's the kind of law I want and the kind of law the public should desire if it fully understood what is at stake in these debates about the Supreme Court. But Elena Kagan appears not to embrace this type of law. Neither is it how the progressive President Obama views the law. The president believes the law should serve his political goals.
In the pursuit of those goals, the president has selected someone from a legal cocoon. Senator Patrick Leahy, the Vermont Democrat who chairs the Judiciary Committee, has praised Kagan's qualifications and "real-life experience" outside the courtroom. Vice President Biden calls her "Main Street."
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In fact, her experience, as noted by the Politico Website, "draws from a world whose signposts are distant from most Americans: Manhattan's Upper West Side, Princeton University, Harvard Law School and the upper reaches of the Democratic legal establishment."
One of the several talking points about Kagan is that she is a "moderate liberal." In fact, Ron Klain, Vice President Biden's chief of staff, has called Kagan a "legal progressive." That seems about right because in college she lamented the decline of the socialist movement. If she is asked about that at her confirmation hearings, expect her to say she has "matured" since her days as a student. The question should be: "But have you converted from your embrace of socialism and on what basis? A love for capitalism and the Constitution?"
Democrats have the votes in the Senate to confirm her, but Republicans ought to use the process to further expose where this progressive president wants to take us: away from true law, William Blackstone and our nation's founders or toward the remaking of America in his image?
Should this be an issue in the November election? Indeed, it should.
Every weekday JewishWorldReview.com publishes what many in the media and Washington consider "must-reading". Sign up for the daily JWR update. It's free. Just click here. | <urn:uuid:1e7117b2-f283-4cb6-b4ce-ff3096172bc7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://jewishworldreview.com/cols/thomas051310.php3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00292-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970662 | 924 | 2.125 | 2 |
Displays and modifies entries in the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache, which contains one or more tables that are used to store IP addresses and their resolved Ethernet or Token Ring physical addresses. There is a separate table for each Ethernet or Token Ring network adapter installed on your computer. Used without parameters, arp displays help.
arp[-a [InetAddr] [-NIfaceAddr]] [-g [InetAddr] [-NIfaceAddr]] [-dInetAddr [IfaceAddr]] [-sInetAddr EtherAddr [IfaceAddr]]
- -a[Â InetAddr] [Â -NIfaceAddr]
- Displays current ARP cache tables for all interfaces. To display the ARP cache entry for a specific IP address, use arp -a with the InetAddr parameter, where InetAddr is an IP address. If InetAddr is not specified, the first applicable interface is used. To display the ARP cache table for a specific interface, use the -NIfaceAddr parameter in conjunction with the -a parameter where IfaceAddr is the IP address assigned to the interface. The -N parameter is case-sensitive.
- -g[Â InetAddr] [Â -NIfaceAddr]
- Identical to -a.
- -d InetAddr[Â IfaceAddr]
- Deletes an entry with a specific IP address, where InetAddr is the IP address. To delete an entry in a table for a specific interface, use the IfaceAddr parameter whereIfaceAddr is the IP address assigned to the interface. To delete all entries, use the asterisk (*) wildcard character in place of InetAddr.
- -s InetAddr EtherAddr [Â IfaceAddr]
- Adds a static entry to the ARP cache that resolves the IP address InetAddr to the physical address EtherAddr. To add a static ARP cache entry to the table for a specific interface, use the IfaceAddr parameter where IfaceAddr is an IP address assigned to the interface.
- Displays help at the command prompt.
- The IP addresses for InetAddr and IfaceAddr are expressed in dotted decimal notation.
- The physical address for EtherAddr consists of six bytes expressed in hexadecimal notation and separated by hyphens (for example, 00-AA-00-4F-2A-9C).
- Entries added with the -s parameter are static and do not time out of the ARP cache. The entries are removed if the TCP/IP protocol is stopped and started. To create permanent static ARP cache entries, place the appropriate arp commands in a batch file and use Scheduled Tasks to run the batch file at startup.
To display the ARP cache tables for all interfaces, type:
To display the ARP cache table for the interface that is assigned the IP address 10.0.0.99, type:
arp -a -N 10.0.0.99
To add a static ARP cache entry that resolves the IP address 10.0.0.80 to the physical address 00-AA-00-4F-2A-9C, type:
arp -s 10.0.0.80 00-AA-00-4F-2A-9C | <urn:uuid:5bcf5327-b4b4-4b65-8d2d-b0cdc2a2ca41> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://techgurulive.com/arp-windows-command-line-reference/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00560-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.714437 | 755 | 2.203125 | 2 |
I believe that prayer is essential to life. It’s not only crucial to your physical and spiritual health but also for your eternity. That’s why who you pray to makes all the difference in the world.
The Catholic church teaches people to ask Mary and the Saints to pray for them and millions of people end up asking priests for direct help, mercy, and salvation. This has zero biblical backing.
In the words of the famous Catholic prayer Memorare, people pray directly to Mary by praying; “Remember, most loving Virgin Mary, never was it heard that anyone who turned to you for help was left unaided. . . I run to your protection for you are my mother.”
We see it again in the Catholic prayer “Hail, Holy Queen” when it says, “Hail, holy Queen, Mother of mercy, hail, our life, our sweetness, and our hope. To you we cry, the children of Eve; to you we send up our sighs, mourning and weeping in this land of exile. Turn, then, most gracious advocate, your eyes of mercy toward us; lead us home at last.”
(from A Book of Prayers, 1982, International Committee on English in the Liturgy, Inc.)
Although these prayers are said by millions of well-intentioned people looking for divine intervention, we must ask: Are these prayers beneficial and biblically correct?
Even if you’re reading this and you’re a Catholic, wouldn’t you want to know if your prayers are godly and biblical? I think I would.
Here are three reasons we pray to God, not Mary or the Saints.
Jesus is the only way to God.
Trying to get favor or access to God through anyone but Jesus has no biblical basis. Jesus made it perfectly clear that there is only one way to the Father when he said, “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.” (John 14:6) He is the only way to access the father.
Jesus is the only mediator between God and us.
1 Timothy 2:5-6 teaches us “There is one God and one mediator between God and mankind, the man Christ Jesus, who gave himself as a ransom for all people.”
This means that Jesus is the only representation we have before God. He’s the only one who can grant us forgiveness and peace with the father and reconcile us to him through his finished work on the cross.
The Bible says, “All this is from God, who reconciled us to himself through Christ and gave us the ministry of reconciliation: that God was reconciling the world to himself in Christ, not counting people’s sins against them. And he has committed to us the message of reconciliation.” (2 Corinthians 5:18-19)
Jesus is alive.
As Hebrews 7:23-25 so brilliantly points out when it says, “Now there have been many of those priests, since death prevented them from continuing in office; but because Jesus lives forever, he has a permanent priesthood. Therefore he is able to save completely those who come to God through him, because he always lives to intercede for them.”
Did you catch that? No one else could remain in office because they died. But since Jesus is alive, he alone can save, and we can approach him boldly in our prayers.
“Therefore, since we have a great high priest who has ascended into heaven, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold firmly to the faith we profess. For we do not have a high priest who is unable to empathize with our weaknesses, but we have one who has been tempted in every way, just as we are—yet he did not sin. Let us then approach God’s throne of grace with confidence, so that we may receive mercy and find grace to help us in our time of need.” (Hebrews 4:14-16) | <urn:uuid:05628774-86a9-4f61-a343-3e3ab433321b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://encouragementtoday.tv/2022/08/why-we-pray-to-god-not-mary-or-the-saints/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.973715 | 851 | 1.9375 | 2 |
A recent article in Quality Magazine is a great summary of some modern trends in gaging. At New Scale Robotics, we are working to combine these digitized gages with collaborative robots – helping manufacturers automate gaging with robotic tools that are as easy to use as a smartphone.
A Q-Span Workstation allows for the seamless integration of a manufacturer’s preferred manual inspection technologies, including calipers, bore gages, height gages, and pin gages for contact gaging, as well as air gages, laser micrometers, and vision systems for non-contact gaging.
Automating using a Q-Span Workstation increases throughput, addresses labor shortages, and improves process control.
From the article:
All types of gaging, whether it be hand tools, comparative gages, complex measuring stations or portable surface finish gages, have long gone digital. Many of today’s digital gages can perform complex measuring tasks and share information faster and easier than systems produced 10 years ago.
In many facilities, the quality control technician monitoring part quality in an inspection room, in a far corner of the plant, long after the product was produced is so 20th century. The norm today is monitoring part quality at the point of manufacture. This allows operators to inspect the part for quality and, using process control techniques, prevent bad parts from being produced.
However, production operators have been trained to run fast, powerful and complex machine centers; they are not necessarily trained as quality control technicians. Thus, the gaging that is placed into the machinist’s hands must produce accurate and reliable measurements and also be easy to use without additional training.
That ease of use is just one benefit of a Q-Span Workstation for gaging. | <urn:uuid:1c4e3926-67d5-4ad4-acbc-4d1ab523e299> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.newscalerobotics.com/modern-gaging-trends-technology-evolves-to-meet-the-needs-of-todays-user/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.931138 | 368 | 2.078125 | 2 |
There are many sources for grant funds for graduate students in the Intermedia MFA Program. Please take a moment to look through our growing list of grants that include funding from local, regional, national and international sources. If you are new to grant writing there are several great online resources that you can check out to help get you started.
Grant Writing 101
GSG Individual Grant
The GSG Individual Grant is open once a semester and offers up to $850 per student application. The GSG maintains an informational website that shows students how to write a grant and includes examples of both good and bad grant writing styles and common mistakes.
Maine Philanthropy Center
The Maine Philanthropy Center is a Maine-based philanthropic association that helps put grant makers into contact with grant seekers. Here you will find lots of information about grants in Maine.
Grant Space is a service offered by the Foundation Center and has many valuable resources fro grant seekers in the non-profit world. Here you can find lots of information on how to write an effective grant proposal.
The Foundation Center is a well respected leader in philanthropy and has many resources on every aspect of grant writing imaginable. The University of Maine Fogler Library has a membership through the Foundation Center. Go to the help desk and ask how to log on. From there you will have access to the Foundation Center database, which lists tens of thousands of grants and opportunities.
The following links will take you to pages that have lists of grants and fellowship opportunities based on geographical location. To begin you will find grants and fellowships right here on campus, in Maine, throughout New England, national and finally international. | <urn:uuid:e6f882b6-d1e7-4fd5-bd57-e141e4f95bbb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://intermediamfa.org/resources/grants-and-fellowships/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00183-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934048 | 335 | 1.765625 | 2 |
The average cost of travel insurance claims made by backpackers has jumped a massive 50pc in the last two years to £620 per claim.
Insurer Columbus Direct, which conducted the research, said the spike in claims has been caused by a rise in medical costs and the increased popularity of expensive gadgets such as phones and tablets.
Columbus said there have also been a number of claims rejected because adventure activities such as bungee jumping and quad biking were not covered.
The research follows Government figures that show one in four 16-24 year-olds travel without insurance.
Columbus Direct said 26pc of British travellers in Europe incorrectly believe the European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) will cover costs to get them home if they fall ill.
While the EHIC will allow travellers to access state healthcare at a reduced cost or sometimes for free, it will not cover any private medical healthcare or repatriation costs.
Columbus added one in five people mistakenly believe the UK government will cover their bills if something goes wrong. If British travellers do get into trouble while overseas, the embassy will help them contact family or friends but will not pay any associated costs.
Greg Lawson, head of retail at Columbus Direct, said: “The number of young people travelling without insurance is a concern especially for those travelling on gap years as they are exposed for longer durations.
“We have seen a rise in the cost and amount of medical claims but there have also been a number of backpacker claims that are not covered. With adventure sports such as quad biking, jet boating and white water rafting becoming increasingly popular, it is vital that travellers are sufficiently prepared for any accident that might happen while taking part.”
Mr Lawson said people taking part in voluntary or paid work while travelling should also find out what activities they will be doing and let their insurer know.
He said: “There has been a rise in volunteering and working holidays with many young people taking the opportunity to gain some worldly experience. While this is a fantastic thing to do, young people again need to be aware of what kinds of work they will be taking part in.
“As a basic rule of thumb, clerical and general domestic duties such as bar work, waiting at tables and house cleaning are likely to be covered by most providers although there may still be restrictions.
“If there is any aspect of a job that seems unusual or higher risk, such as using any form of motorised vehicle, working with non-domestic animals, using machinery in a factory, climbing ladders or using ropes, there is a strong likelihood this is not covered as standard and we would strongly suggest contacting your insurance company for confirmation.”
Tips for gap year students:
- Check that all the destinations you are travelling to, or through, are covered.
- Ensure you allow extra time on your policy duration in the event of unexpected delays.
- Ensure the policy covers any planned sports and activities but also make sure you know how to get in contact with insurers if you suddenly decide to go bungee jumping.
- Always disclose any current or pre-existing medical conditions to your insurer. If you don't, it could affect your claim.
- Check the valuables limit and ensure you have adequate cover for any valuable items you are taking with you such as watches, cameras or tablets etc.
- If you are travelling within Europe, apply for a free European Health Insurance Card or if you are travelling to Australia ensure you enroll with MEDICARE. Both entitle you to some reduced or free emergency care.
- Always keep a copy of your insurance policy details with you and saved in your secure email account as back-up. Keep any paperwork, such as tickets, receipts, medical bills or police reports in case anything goes wrong.
- Check the Foreign and Commonwealth Office website www.fco.gov.uk/travel for country-specific advice. If you go to an area which the FCO advises against travel to, your travel insurance is unlikely to be valid. | <urn:uuid:a8ab6d45-e58c-4bf9-a0f5-d607f492c24a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/insurance/travel/10225546/Travel-insurance-Gap-year-medical-rise-50pc-to-620.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719908.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00157-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959162 | 825 | 1.8125 | 2 |
A K-9 officer in West Hartford, Conn., saved a 10-year-old Shih-Tzu from choking by performing a modified, dog-friendly version of the Heimlich maneuver Monday, Patch reports.
With no animal control officer available, officer Tom Lazure — who’s trained in basic canine first aid — was called to the scene. When he arrived, the dog’s frantic owners explained he’d gagged on a piece of rawhide and wasn’t breathing. Lazure pressed on the Shih-Tzu’s chest, loosening the lodged rawhide and allowing the police officer to remove it. The dog, named Harry, resumed breathing shortly thereafter.
If Lazure hadn’t arrived in time, the outcome could have been much different. Pet owners have witnessed the deaths of their furry friends when unable to respond properly — or when help didn’t arrive in time. Oprah, for instance, lost her dog after the 2-year-old Golden Retriever choked on a plastic ball. Other panicked pet owners have experienced similar tragedies, largely caused by toys, food and household items.
But after the opportune rescue and a visit to the veterinarian, Harry was reportedly in good health by Tuesday. | <urn:uuid:dbe4ede1-7343-4dc5-890b-d11641e38159> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://newsfeed.time.com/2012/04/26/police-officer-saves-choking-dog-using-heimlich-maneuver/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00202-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95116 | 262 | 1.976563 | 2 |
This allows the battery to last for much longer than the widespread laptop computer. When it’s time to take notes, chat, and research, the included keyboard makes typing a breeze. And when you wish to get extra arms-on along with your work, you can do that just as simply. Simply remove the keyboard and use your gadget in tablet mode to swipe via presentations, photographs, and extra. Our removable laptops are available numerous sizes and kind components as nicely to give you the alternative of the way you wish to get things accomplished. With removable laptops from HP®, you will get nearer to the motion than ever before. These versatile units present a number of diverse methods to work together with all the packages you employ daily – with or with no keyboard.
The Surface permits switching between apps positioned side by side with keyboard shortcuts, and the Samsung Galaxy Note Pro lets you’ve a number of apps open and visual at once, organized as tiles on the display. For an identical Samsung-friendly option, go together with Logitech’s Ultrathin Keyboard Folio ($one hundred).
Many tablets can assist up to ten hours of web usage before requiring a charge. In comparability, the typical laptop only runs for about 4 to eight hours. Even the smallest laptops, just like the Apple MacBook Air eleven, weighs extra and has a profile larger than most tablets.
We’ve solely included detachable Windows tablets right here; to be taught more about display screen-rotating convertibles, read our roundup of thebest 2-in-1 laptops. With Windows tablets working the gamut from low-energy entertainment units to potent tools for productivity, how are you aware which one to purchase should you plan to use your gadget for both kinds of tasks? As with typical laptops, so much comes right down to the processor.
- Simple tablets are mainly used as media consumption devices, whereas 2-in-1s have capacity for each media consumption and content material creation, and thus 2-in-1s are sometimes called laptop computer or desktop substitute computer systems.
- We put tablet PCs in the center part as a result of gadgets included in this category are in between Smartphones and Laptops concerning size and productiveness!
- Further, 2-in-1s might have typical laptop computer I/O ports, similar to USB 3 and DisplayPort, and may connect to conventional PC peripheral units and exterior shows.
- However, it must be famous that the Tablet PC of at present is completely different from what has been known as Tablet PCs a few years.
In October 2012, show display screen shipments for tablets began surpassing shipments for laptop computer display screens. Tablets are more and more used in the development industry to take a look at blueprints, area documentation and other related data on the device instead of carrying round massive quantities of paper. Mobile-based mostly tablets are the reverse, and run only cellular apps. They can use battery life conservatively because the processor is significantly smaller.
Luckily there’s a good one within the Google Nexus 9 Keyboard Folio ($129). Some premium laptops working ARM-primarily based processors achieve battery lives competitive with tablets, however some key software program won’t run on ARM-based mostly platforms. Because of the low energy requirements of their hardware parts, tablets are designed for effectivity. In truth, most of a tablet’s inside is taken up by the battery.
Most tablets embody e-reader software program that permits you to obtain books and different written material from the internet and skim it on the machine. However, even though the ‘e-ink’ screens of dedicated e-reader gadgets such because the Amazon Kindle are a lot simpler on the eyes for intensive reading, they’re not considered tablets as they’re not multifunctional enough. With the brand new launch of Kindle Fire, the reader component is an application and the display is in colour like other tablets and it provides more functionality. If you’re keen to make use of an Android tablet, some models allow for true multitasking, with home windows placed aspect-by-aspect.
Around 2010, tablet use by businesses jumped, as enterprise began to make use of them for conferences, occasions, and commerce reveals. In 2012, Intel reported that their tablet program improved productiveness for about 19,000 of their employees by an average of fifty seven minutes a day.
Laptops, then again, use more powerful hardware. The battery within a laptop computer takes up a far smaller percentage of the house needed for its inside components. Thus, even with the higher capability battery provided by laptops, they do not run as long as tablets. | <urn:uuid:85c25117-5dc1-46f9-973f-38768a5910f7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.camplvad.com/must-you-buy-a-tablet-or-a-laptop.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.934742 | 966 | 1.875 | 2 |
News about Kevin Baker, including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times.
ARTICLES ABOUT KEVIN BAKER
Kevin Baker’s novel depicts the temptations of power in midcentury New York.
September 15, 2013, Sunday
Kevin Baker's historical novel is set in the months leading up to the Harlem riot of 1943.
February 26, 2006, Sunday
To the Editor: In his review of ''The Island at the Center of the World,'' Kevin Baker might have mentioned the 1662 arrest by Peter Stuyvesant of the beloved Quaker John Bowne, who was shipped off in irons to Holland, where he stood trial for...
May 2, 2004, Sunday
To the Editor: I would like to respond to Kevin Baker's review of Russell Shorto's book ''The Island at the Center of the World: The Epic Story of Dutch Manhattan and the Forgotten Colony That Shaped America'' (April 4). Shorto's book has valuable...
May 2, 2004, Sunday
To the Editor: Kevin Baker's comment, in his review of ''Triangle'' (Sept. 7), that ''before Sept. 11, the most infamous disaster in . . . New York was the Triangle Waist Company fire'' is misleading. It may be ''infamous'' in that the deaths of...
October 5, 2003, Sunday
PARADISE ALLEY By Kevin Baker HarperCollins ($26.95, hardcover) They sat in the cellar of the precinct house, trying to listen for the tumult outside. The children huddled up against the walls, tucked up into themselves, arms wrapped around...
November 3, 2002, Sunday
PARADISE ALLEY By Kevin Baker. 676 pp. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. $26.95.
October 6, 2002, Sunday
HERE are three recent novels full of vivid detail, weaving New York City life through larger tales of crime and corruption, on gangland life at the turn of the century, young unorthodox detectives from Brooklyn and a corrupt precinct of the New York...
January 16, 2000, Sunday
In the all-too-brief best of times at Coney Island, elephants in jeweled blankets sat on their tails and waved their plump forelegs in the warm Atlantic breeze. Perched atop a water slide called Shoot the Chutes, the big-bottomed beasts came...
August 28, 1999, Saturday
To the Editor: Kevin Baker unnecessarily degrades Richard J. Daley in his review of Melvin G. Holli's book ''The American Mayor'' (May 2). A pragmatic man of his times, Daley -- far from being racially ''exclusionary'' or making ''a permanent...
May 30, 1999, Sunday
MORE ON KEVIN BAKER AND: AMERICAN MAYOR, THE: THE BEST & THE WORST BIG-CITY LEADERS (BOOK) , BURKE, EDWARD M , HOLLI, MELVIN G , BAKER, KEVIN , BOOKS AND LITERATURE | <urn:uuid:9f608d64-3f98-4407-aeb6-69f78068b3cc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/b/kevin_baker/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00291-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913612 | 637 | 2 | 2 |
Editorial - With Black History month nearly over, add these books to year-round reading list
During Black History Month, which is celebrated each February, outlets such as History Channel and the Smithsonian Institution try to make the public aware of the rich and complex history of African Americans in the United States.
We'd be remiss, however, if we failed to point out some fascinating stories right here in Wilmington, notably on the shelves of the New Hanover Country Library. Here are a few examples:
One of the more recent items is “My Restless Journey,” the autobiography of longtime community leader Bertha Todd. Ben Steelman noted in an article about the book that “Todd was librarian at Williston Senior High School. After full desegregation, when Williston closed, she moved over to John T. Hoggard High School as an assistant principal - and there had a key role in mediating between factions during the racial tensions of 1970 and 1971, which climaxed in the Wilmington Ten case.”
In 2004 Todd was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award by the StarNews.
An older volume is “Every Man Should Try,” by Hubert Eaton, the late civil rights and community leader. Eaton not only was a major player in the integration of local schools -- which did not happen until years after the historic Brown vs. Board of Education ruling from the Supreme Court -- but also was the mentor of one-time Wilmington resident and Wimbledon tennis champion Althea Gibson.
The library has a shelf full of Bill Reaves's book “Strength Through Struggle – The Chronological and Historical Record of the African- American Community in Wilmington, North Carolina, 1865-1950.
Reaves book, impressive in size and scope, “includes chapters on social life, schools, churches, community affairs, military affairs, political affairs, business affairs, business, labor and agriculture,” according to the description on the library's website. The 580-page book has 100 pages of biographical sketches, 264 images and a 65-page index of names. It is a great work to scan through to look for familiar names and fascinating old photos.
Looking further back in history, there are several volumes on the Wilmington Insurrection of 1898.
“Ballots & Fence Rails, Reconstruction on the Lower Cape Fear,” looks back at the period between the end of the Civil War and the period leading up to 1898.
Another fascinating book on local black history is John L. Godwin's “Black Wilmington and the North Carolina Way – Portrait of a Community in the Era of Civil rights Protest.”
The writer grew up in Wilmington and the book is an edited version of his doctoral dissertation. Godwin looks carefully at how race issues have played out in Wilmington and tries to answer the question – Why during the civil rights era of the late 1950s and the 1960s did Wilmington and North Carolina not explode in racial violence as happened across much of the Deep South?
Godwin argues that both white and black residents of the state embraced a more moderate approach to civil rights controversies, an approach called “The North Carolina Way.”
Godwin demonstrates that not only was there disagreement between blacks and whites about the way forward, but also disagreement between moderate and conservative whites (Terry Sanford vs. I. Beverly Lake, Sr., as an example) and moderate blacks who seemed satisfied with the slow pace of integration, and more radical black factions in Wilmington who saw ongoing disparities in the schools and wanted immediate remedies.
The book highlights the work and views of leaders like Eaton, Thomas Jervay, Irving Boone, Edwin Kirton, Mary Washington Howe, James B. Dudley and D.C. Virgo, among many others. It also explores the major role in in the black community of Williston Senior High School, considered one of the finest schools in the South for black students.
Ultimately what Godwin's book and the others do is demonstrate the complexity of black history in Wilmington. Even if you don't make it all the way through them, check them out and give them a scan. People of both races may be surprised how much they will learn about local history. It is a fascinating area of study and goes beyond the stereotypes we might usually associate with racial history.
Indeed, it is a story most accurately told in shades of gray rather then in simple terms of black and white. | <urn:uuid:6a165a1a-fd5e-4162-afa8-7e1dcb1787e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.starnewsonline.com/story/opinion/editorials/2012/02/21/editorial-with-black-history-month-nearly-over-add-these-books-to-year-round-reading-list/30914186007/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.95457 | 905 | 2.328125 | 2 |
The first step in being motivated is to take the first step. Aren’t you glad you didn’t set this list aside to look at later? Procrastinating doesn’t often do much for us but create a big pile of things we still need to get to; it’s heavy on the mind. Read through these motivational quotes and pick one that lights a fire under your backside for the day.
1. William James on Unfinished Business
“Nothing is so fatiguing as the eternal hanging on of an uncompleted task.” – William James
They just hang there, those things that need to be done. Walking around with a huge pack on your back full of things that you still need to do is one of the most exhausting things you can experience. Though tasks might not be enjoyable, the feeling of having them done is even more enjoyable.
2. Olin Miller Says Don’t Make It Harder For Yourself
“If you want to make an easy job seem mighty hard, just keep putting off doing it.” – Olin Miller
Even easy jobs become harder when we put them off so long that they haunt our steps every day. You might keep putting off the same easy task though you know it still needs to be done, yet you still keep putting it off, and the cycle continues. Break the cycle – complete your task.
3. Norman Vincent Peale Says You Might Never Be Sure
“If you put off everything till you’re sure of it, you’ll never get anything done.” – Norman Vincent Peale
There are very few times in life when we are sure of everything we do. Sometimes life takes a bit of faith to get started and the feelings of surety come later. Waiting until the perfect time or place to do something might mean that you wait for a long time. Wouldn’t it just be nicer to get things done now?
4. Harry A. Hopf on the Risks of Procrastination
“Often greater risk is involved in postponement than in making a wrong decision.” – Harry A. Hopf
The reason for this is because you can wait so long to do something that you miss out on the opportunity entirely. If you procrastinate because you are fearful of making a poor choice, life is going on without you and you might end up regretting your procrastination. So pull up your boot straps and get to work!
5. E. L. Simpson on Ideas
“Getting an idea should be like sitting on a pin; it should make you jump up and do something.” – E. L. Simpson
Though it is true that not every idea needs to come to fruition, many ideas can be used as fuel to get yourself up and going. Don’t let so many wonderful ideas come through your head and fade into forever; trust yourself and your abilities, and get busy creating your life the way you want it.
6. Napoleon Hill Says To Quit Waiting
“Don’t wait. The time will never be just right.” – Napoleon Hill
The circumstances may never be exactly as you want them to be. While you wait for things to be in the perfect place, there will be opportunities and parts of life that you miss out on. The easiest way to do something is simply to get started. What can you do today to create a better life for yourself?
7. Byron Pulsifer Knows a Little Goes a Long Way
“Doing just a little bit during the time we have available puts you that much further ahead than if you took no action at all.” – Byron Pulsifer
If there is a large task on your list that you have been putting off, it has probably been weighing on your mind. If it’s that huge, break it down into simpler parts; work on that task for 10 minutes at a time until it is done. At least you’ll be making progress.
8. L.M. Heroux on Getting To Work
“Stop talking. Start walking.” – L.M. Heroux
There comes a time when you must stop speaking about what you want to do and get up to start doing it. There is a time for talk and ideas, and a time for action. If you find that your words lack the action to back them up, do something to change that right now.
9. Marie Beynon Ray Tells You To Do It Now
“Begin doing what you want to do now.” – Marie Beynon Ray
There are many reasons for waiting to do what we want to do. Sometimes the time is simply not right. However, most other times it is simply our own fears and insecurities that keep us from completing the things that we say we would like to do.
10. Martin Luther King, Jr. Says The First Step is Best
“You don’t have to see the whole staircase, just take the first step.” – Martin Luther King, Jr.
We won’t always see the entire picture when we begin something new. The good thing is, is that we don’t have to. We simply need to know the first step or two on that journey and the rest will be revealed in time. Trust the process and take that first step. You know you want to.
11. Abraham Lincoln on Hustling
“Things may come to those who wait, but only the things left by those who hustle.” – Abraham Lincoln
Those who are busy creating their lives might often leave things to all the others who sit around waiting. But do you want sloppy seconds or would you rather go out and create your own success? Try being the hustler that gets things done and is the one leaving opportunities to everyone else. It will be life changing.
12. Alexandre Graham Bell on Taking Action
“The only difference between success and failure is the ability to take action.” – Alexandre Graham Bell
It’s been said before and we will say it again, words without action are nearly meaningless. Sometimes success is only just a few hours away and requires just a little bit more hard work. Quitting, or not taking action in the first place, is a sure sign of failure. You can’t fail if you keep going.
13. David Allen Tells You To De-stress Yourself
“Much of the stress that people feel doesn’t come from having too much to do. It comes from not finishing what they started.” – David Allen
The more you don’t finish, the more these tasks weigh on your mind. This stress does nothing but create more stress. The cure? Getting something done that needs doing. Take two things off of your to do list and do them today. We guarantee you’ll feel better.
14. William Arthur Ward Says Don’t Follow the Crowd
“Begin while others are procrastinating. Work while others are wishing.” – William Arthur Ward
Many people sit around wishing for different circumstances but do nothing to change them. Misery loves company and while there are those that would sit in misery, you should take that time and to get to work. You’ll have the life you want and all the others will wonder how you did it.
15. Kim Lyons Knows Todays Value
“Yesterday is a cancelled check. Tomorrow is a promissory note. Today is the only cash you have, so spend it wisely.” – Kim Lyons
Today is the only day that you’ll ever have. Yesterday is useful in the lessons that you might have learned, but it has no power today. Tomorrow comes with the fact that anything can happen and there are no guarantees. The only guarantee you have is the one in this moment. Make it count.
16. Pablo Picasso Warns To Not Put Things Off
“Only put off until tomorrow what you are willing to die having left undone.” – Pablo Picasso
Since there are no guarantees tomorrow, anything that you put off today may go completely undone. The best time to get something done is right now. You only have each moment to control so choose wisely and choose to complete things that need doing. Make your life a priority.
17. David Lloyd George Says It Tarnishes Character
“There is nothing so fatal to character as half-finished tasks.” – David Lloyd George
You might be a wonderful person, but this quote indicates that it hurts your character when you do not finish tasks. It definitely can make people realize that you are unreliable. That is probably not how you want to be viewed in life. Set a goal to finish a task or two that has been left undone and you’ll get better at completing tasks over time.
18. Gene Hayden on Dreamers and Doers
“Following-through is the only thing that separates dreamers from people that accomplish great things” – Gene Hayden
If it were so easy to have success, everybody would be living the life of their dreams. It takes work too create things of substance. Dreamers often have their heads in the clouds, but those that get things done have their feet on the ground applying elbow grease to accomplish great things.
19. Edward Young Cautions You to Keep Your Own Time
“Procrastination is the thief of time.” – Edward Young
When you procrastinate something, you are stealing time from yourself in the future. It feels so much better to get something accomplished when it needs to be done, instead of having it hangover your head to be done another day. You might not have the time later so make sure to do it now.
20. Benjamin Franklin Says Time Goes On
“You may delay, but time will not” – Benjamin Franklin
The more you put off doing things that you want to do, the more time slips you by. Sometimes before you know it, you look around and years have gone by and you still haven’t done what you wanted to do. Work with time and work on getting your tasks completed.
21. Eva Young Says Don’t Think Too Much
“To think too long about doing a thing often becomes its undoing.” – Eva Young
When you sit around thinking too long about doing something, you end up not ever doing it, or you miss the chance. Over analyzing and being stuck in thinking can be the shackles that keep you from living the life you want to live. They are self-made shackles so you can take them off yourself simply by choosing to take action.
22. Victor Kiam Warns of Assassins
“Procrastination is opportunity’s assassin.” – Victor Kiam
The perfect opportunity comes along, it’s an alignment with things that you’ve said you wanted for your life, and then you decide that you will put it off for another day. That opportunity was just murdered by your procrastination. Take some kind of opportunity today and jump on it.
23. Stephen King Knows How To Get To Work
“Amateurs sit and wait for inspiration, the rest of us just get up and go to work” – Stephen King
Inspiration is a great thing to have, but when it doesn’t come so readily then hard work is what it’s is required. Sometimes, just getting to work brings the inspiration we’re looking for the first place. There is a time for waiting and a time for action, make sure not to get stuck in either place for too long; they both have their purpose.
24. David Allen Tells You To Pay Attention
“If you don’t pay appropriate attention to what has your attention, it will take more of your attention than it deserves” – David Allen
Your attention is being placed on things every moment of every day. Would you rather pay more attention to watching television, or working to create the life you want? Success is making a concerted effort to focus on your dreams. When this happens, you control where your attention goes instead of all the other little things wasting your attentions for you.
25. Napoleon Bonaparte Knows When It’s Time To Act
“Take time to deliberate; but when the time for action arrives, stop thinking and go in.” – Napoleon Bonaparte
There is always a time to sit, think, and plan, but there comes a time for you to get up to get to work. Even if you don’t think that you’re done thinking, you still need to get up and do what you want to do so that you can create the life you want.
26. Dale Carnegie Says To Get It Over With
“Do the hard jobs first. The easy jobs will take care of themselves.” – Dale Carnegie
Getting the hard jobs over with first allows you to relax a little and it makes all the littler jobs easier to do. Saving something huge until the very end can be extremely demotivating. Get up each day and note which job is the one you least want to do, and start with it.
27. Jim Rohn Suggests to Create the Habit
“Motivation is what gets you started. Habit is what keeps you going.” – Jim Rohn
Motivation wanes over time and it can be easy to get bored and want to quit what you’re doing and do something else. However, the longer you work, the more it becomes habit and you can rely on that to help you complete your tasks. Your habit will be the fuel you need to keep going.
28. Peter Drucker on Action and Reflection
“Follow effective actions with quiet reflection. From the quiet reflection will come even more effective action.” – Peter Drucker
Once you’ve taken action and completed something, go back into that still, quiet place within yourself. It gives you a chance to rest and recuperate, and also allow you to receive motivation to take more action on another day with other tasks. Action and reflection ebb and flow, make sure to go with their cycles and use them to your advantage.
29. Alexander Graham Bell Wants You To Focus
“Concentrate all your thoughts upon the work in hand. The sun’s rays do not burn until brought to a focus.” – Alexander Graham Bell
You have all of the energy you need to complete what you want to do. The trick is making the decision to get started. Focus all of your energy from time to time on the things that you want to accomplish. Combining all of your focus and energy will allow you to complete tasks more effectively.
(Read this next: 55 Motivational Quotes That Can Change Your Life) | <urn:uuid:9f8f5bfe-7998-4901-b69b-a692c3eee226> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://brightdrops.com/motivational-quotes-for-procrastination | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.946195 | 3,115 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Launching and running a business isn’t just about a company’s products or services. A great deal of behind-the-scenes work goes on that the consumers never see. Retails stores, web design companies and non-profits may have completely different missions, but when it comes to keeping their online presence running smoothly, they all have the same basic requirements. The more of these essential tasks business owners can automate and delegate, the more focus they can put on the main goal of making their businesses profitable.
Many small businesses have discovered one way of delegating tasks and that is through cloud computing. A cloud-based strategy eases the process of storing data, automating backups, increasing access and enhancing security. Here we’ll look at the three main benefits of cloud computing and how it can bring important efficiencies to your company.
Perhaps the most appealing aspect of cloud computing for startups is the potential to reduce the costs of technical necessities. Starting a business with cloud storage and services eliminates the need for expensive hardware, such as an on-site server, as well as upfront application costs.
Many cloud providers make their cloud service interfaces as user-friendly as possible, so that business owners don’t need an extensive knowledge of IT to use their services. Managed cloud services provide technical support that can take the place of an IT team early on to keep the budget in check while a business gets traction. According to the CDW Cloud Computing Tracking Poll, 76 percent of small business owners reduced application costs by moving to the cloud, with an average savings of 24 percent.
Every small business owner knows that when one is responsible for all the operations of a company, accessibility to information is essential. When things go wrong, or clients come calling, being able to access the right information quickly can mean the difference between successfully avoiding a problem or making it worse. One of the key advantages of cloud computing is that it takes data out of the physical realm (storage on a single computer) into the virtual realm where it can be accessed from anywhere, allowing company owners to do business away from the office.
Lifting data out of the physical world into the virtual world changes security needs, but it doesn’t make cloud storage unsafe, and many small businesses are accepting these risks in stride. According to PC Magazine, the financial benefit of cloud storage is more important than data security for many small businesses who utilize the cloud.
Cloud storage even has its security advantages. Since every cloud hosting company owes its business to its reputation, and its reputation to its security, cloud providers make security a top priority. Their firewalls and virus protection on cloud servers are kept up-to-date, keeping hackers and viruses at bay. Additionally, a business can ensure the security of data even if something happens to on-site hardware by backing up data on a cloud server.
When launching a business, it can be tempting for a business owner to keep everything in her own hands. By knowing where everything is and how everything works, there’s an illusion that everything can be kept under control. Trying to do too much, though, is a sure way to send things spiraling quickly out of control. With a dependable cloud computing strategy, business owners can let go of those necessary, basic business needs to focus on those things that set their businesses apart. | <urn:uuid:ca4fcacf-5ee2-4f92-aec9-b9c30a12bd81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://projecteve.com/three-business-benefits-of-cloud-computing/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.95561 | 687 | 1.9375 | 2 |
On Saturday, U.S. Ambassador to Mexico Carlos Pascual resigned from his post. President Calderón’s quite public animosity limiting his effectiveness, the ambassador chose to place binational priorities above individual interests and stepped down.
This is a blow to U.S. -Mexico relations, in that the personal overcame the institutional. It is also a blow as it will remove an important interlocutor and champion for the U.S.-Mexico relationship. The confirmation process for a new ambassador will be a challenge, to say the least. It is possible, indeed likely, that there will be no replacement for months.
The United States and Mexico face numerous mutual issues, many of which Ambassadors Pascual and Sarukhán discussed when they spoke at CFR in November 2010. Both stressed the interdependence of our countries and the need to transform the way the bilateral relationship figures in the public debate in the United States and in Mexico – essentially, that the two countries will succeed or fail together. This latest episode just highlights the importance of – and the distance from – achieving this goal. | <urn:uuid:e0a89ee0-ddf6-41aa-beaa-13722701cbfd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.cfr.org/oneil/2011/03/21/u-s-ambassador-to-mexico-resigns/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00461-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941188 | 223 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Question: What Does It Mean To Be A Good Neighbor?
- 1 What are the qualities of a good neighbor?
- 2 What does being a good neighbor mean to you?
- 3 What does good Neighbour mean?
- 4 What are three ways to be a good neighbor?
- 5 What are the qualities of a bad neighbor?
- 6 What are responsibilities of good Neighbours?
- 7 Why is it important to have a good relationship with Neighbours?
- 8 How can I make my Neighbours happy?
- 9 How do you know if your neighbor doesn’t like you?
- 10 What does the Bible say about Neighbour?
- 11 How can I be a good Neighbour essay?
- 12 What is the Good Neighbor policy What does a good neighbor do?
- 13 How can I love my neighbor?
- 14 How can I respect my Neighbours?
- 15 How can I be friendly with Neighbours?
What are the qualities of a good neighbor?
The Good Neighbor Recap
- Good neighbors are friendly. Friendly neighbors are welcoming to new residents.
- Good neighbors are helpful. Helpful neighbors are always there to lend a hand.
- Good neighbors are trusting.
- Good neighbors are respectful.
- Good neighbors are considerate of noise.
What does being a good neighbor mean to you?
When it comes down to it, being a good neighbor is all about being courteous. Taking the time to just say hello when you see your neighbor outside could go a long way. In addition to having (and being) a good neighbor, it’s important that you love the neighborhood you’re living in.
What does good Neighbour mean?
(US good neighbor) 1 A person who behaves in a friendly, kindly manner towards his or her neighbours; (in plural) neighbours who reciprocally behave in this manner. 2US Politics. A country which maintains friendly and cooperative relations with neighbouring countries, and does not interfere in their internal affairs.
What are three ways to be a good neighbor?
Make sure your home has these 6 things.
- Share important information.
- Keep up your curb appeal.
- Be a responsible pet owner.
- Organize a service project.
- Invite your neighbors over.
- Don’t be the town gossip.
- Be a respectful party host.
- Abide by community rules.
What are the qualities of a bad neighbor?
Being nosy, being messy, and being unfriendly were also signs of a bad neighbor. Essentially, if your daily actions disturb the peace of your neighborhood, the people living around you may think you’re a bad neighbor—and you may not be able to count on an invite to the next block party.
What are responsibilities of good Neighbours?
You always have some responsibilities towards your neighbors.
- Maintain Neatness. Keep the surroundings of your house neat and clean.
- Conversations. Whenever you get a new neighbor, have a pleasant conversation introducing yourself and your family members.
- Avoid Noise.
- Keep them Posted.
Why is it important to have a good relationship with Neighbours?
Close relationships with your neighbors enhance your family’s social life and create meaningful connections. A friendly neighborhood dynamic encourages you and your family to get out of the house, have some fun, and meet new people.
How can I make my Neighbours happy?
How to be a good neighbour
- Introduce yourself. Once you have moved into your new place, make an effort to introduce yourself to your neighbours.
- Keep your place clean.
- Be considerate of neighbours.
- Obey parking laws.
- Keep noise down.
- Party responsibly.
- Handle problems maturely.
How do you know if your neighbor doesn’t like you?
Here are six subtle signs your neighbors actually hate you and what you can do about it.
- They talk about you behind your back.
- Cheshire smiles never lie.
- They don’t respect your boundaries.
- Body language doesn’t lie.
- You’re terrified they might do something to you or your family.
- Talk through your differences.
- Go to war.
What does the Bible say about Neighbour?
The Gospel of Matthew records Jesus’ answer: “Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself ” (22:37-39).
How can I be a good Neighbour essay?
Summary: A good neighbor should have high moral principles and respect the other people that live in his/her community. Such a neighbor would be reliable, respect one’s privacy, and never gossip. Civilized persons live in communities,so they have neighbours who they have to communicate with and accept.
What is the Good Neighbor policy What does a good neighbor do?
a diplomatic policy of the U.S., first presented in 1933 by President Franklin Roosevelt, for the encouragement of friendly relations and mutual defense among the nations of the Western Hemisphere.
How can I love my neighbor?
Let’s take a look.
- Be Generous. There are many things we can give away and all but one of them are free.
- Be Ethical. If a man gains the whole world but loses his soul, what has he gained?
- Be Fair. Judge all things and people honestly.
- Be Kind. Sometimes one of the most difficult things to do in life is to smile.
- Be Peaceful.
How can I respect my Neighbours?
Being a Good Neighbor
- Observe and respect your neighbor’s personal space.
- Be mindful if you borrow anything.
- Don’t be the neighborhood gossip.
- If you have an issue with a neighbor, go directly to that person and discuss it in an adult manner.
- Not everyone is a dog or cat lover, so show responsibility for your pets.
How can I be friendly with Neighbours?
Six Ways to Make Friends With Your Neighbors (and Why)
- So Many Reasons to Connect. Much like your friends online, your neighbors can be quite diverse.
- Explore Your Community.
- Hang Out Frequently.
- Flash Your Loveliest Smile.
- Compliment Your Neighbors.
- Invite Them Over.
- Exchange Phone Numbers. | <urn:uuid:d6d7406f-b62b-4526-8c22-973236119794> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chevychaseneighborhood.org/neighbor/question-what-does-it-mean-to-be-a-good-neighbor.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.93197 | 1,397 | 2.953125 | 3 |
D Flip Flop or a Delay Flip Flop has only data input D and two outputs which are complementary to each other and are denoted by Q and Q’. The Q output is identical to the D input except with one pulse time delay, hence the name D Flip Flop. D flip flop is used to avoid the forbidden state of S-R Latch. Since the inputs to the cross coupled NAND gates (gate 3 & 4) are always in opposite states, the invalid state (forbidden state) never occurs.
Let Qn and Qn+1 denote the present state and next state of the flip flop, here is the truth table and circuit diagram of a D Flip Flop
It is used in applications where delay is required. | <urn:uuid:722fbb42-41d8-4496-8deb-7b69e9ffe35d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://verticalhorizons.in/d-flip-flop-in-digital-electronics-delay-flip-flop-in-digital-electronics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00332-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910944 | 157 | 3.625 | 4 |
Page 1: Introduction
Put a Victorian school teacher into a modern classroom, with books and blackboards, and he or she would find little had changed fundamentally. However a doctor or engineer would be totally bewildered by the technological advances that have affected their professions. But the world of education is changing. Information and Communications Technology (ICT) advances have already had an enormous impact on the classroom. The next decade will see even more dramatic developments in the world of teaching. This case study looks at Capita, a company working at the forefront of the modernisation of education, helping teachers to make the most of new opportunities. | <urn:uuid:8afd8a04-553f-4b39-80cc-f70afbedd8f2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/capitadfes/the-message-is-in-the-medium/introduction.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00016-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974798 | 124 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Ready to start 2016 with an amazing new menu of healthy, delicious foods? Wet your appetite with these super simple creations full of rich, nutritious ingredients.
The best thing about owning a crockpot is setting it and forgetting it (that is, until dinner time!). Crockpots or slow cookers help make delectable home-style dishes that are oozing with flavour. But did you know that they also make meals that help you shed pounds and stay energized?
Slow-cooked meals are ideal for the winter and save you the prep time. Try one of these classic recipes for yourself and let us know how much you love them!
#1 Chicken Carnitas
Tender, flavourful chicken breast all wrapped up with nutritious veggies is sure to satisfy! This is the ideal meal to restore your body after a hard-hitting workout routine as it is rich in protein, vitamins and nutrients. You can add on your favourite toppings like peppers, greek yogurt or fresh salsa!
1 1/2 pounds boneless and skinless chicken breasts or thighs
3/4 cup orange juice (~2 oranges)
1/4 cup lime juice (~2 limes)
4 cloves garlic, chopped
1 tablespoon chili powder
1 teaspoon cumin
1 teaspoon oregano
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/2 teaspoon pepper
12 small corn tortillas
1/2 red onion, diced
1/2 cup cilantro, torn
2 limes, cut into wedges
1. Place chicken in slow cooker with mixture of orange juice, lime juice, garlic, chili powder, cumin, oregano, salt and pepper and cook on low for 6 to 8 hours.
2. Shred chicken, mix in 1/4 cup of the juices, spread in single layer on a baking sheet and broil until it starts getting crispy.
3. Mix in 1/4 cup of the juices, mix everything up and broil for 5 minutes before mixing in another 1/4 cup of juices.
4. Assemble in tacos along with the onions and cilantro. Serve with lime wedge.
#2 Healthy Butter Chicken
Forget conventional butter chicken and opt for a healthy, more crave-worthy recipe. It's embarrassingly easy to prepare and you will instantly become hooked. This comfort food-style recipe is filled with digestion-healthy fresh ginger and greek yogurt, along with immune-boosting turmeric and garlic. Binge away!
1 pound boneless skinless chicken breast
1/2 onion, finely minced
2 tablespoons butter
3 cloves garlic, minced or grated
1 tablespoon freshly grated ginger
2 teaspoons curry powder
1-2 teaspoons curry paste
2 tablespoons garam masala
1/2-1 teaspoon turmeric
1 teaspoon cayenne pepper
1/4 teaspoon salt
1 (6 ounce) can tomato paste
1 (14 ounce) can coconut milk
1/2 cup greek yogurt
1/4 cup half and half or heavy cream
cooked white rice, for serving
1. Mix together the coconut milk, greek yogurt and cream in large bowl.
2. Stir in the tomato paste, garlic, ginger and all the spices. In the crockpot, sprinkle the onion over the bottom.
3. Add the chicken and then pour the coconut milk mixture over the chicken so the chicken is completely covered. Add the butter and place the lid on the crockpot.
4. Now, cook on high for 4 hours. Voila!
[bctt tweet="5 Mind-Blowing Weight Loss Recipes You Can Make In A Crockpot!"]
#3 Light Black Bean Soup
So delicious, you won't be able to resist! It makes a great side or stand-alone meal. Its nutritional profile is really exceptional, with each humble bowl heaping with protein, fibre and flavour. Who knew pound-shedding could be this tasty?
1 pound dried black beans, rinsed
1 large onion, peeled and diced
2 medium red bell peppers, seeded and diced
2 quarts vegetable broth
1/3 cup Franks Cayenne Hot Sauce
6 garlic cloves, minced
2 bay leaves
1 tablespoon ground cumin
Salt and Pepper
Sour cream (or plain yogurt)
1. Place all the ingredients in crockpot and season with 1 teaspoon of salt and 1/2 teaspoon ground pepper.
2. Turn on medium, cover, and cook for 10-12 hours.
3. Once beans are tender, use an immersion blender to blend the soup until two-thirds of the beans are pureed and the soup is thick.
#4 Mini Turkey Meatballs
They look like a guilty pleasure, but this recipe is totally lean. Full of healthy quinoa, omega-3 rich olive oil and protein-powered turkey, you'll be surprised how healthy this scrumptious dish really is.
1 pound 99% lean ground turkey breast
1 pound 94% lean ground turkey
2/3 cup cooked quinoa (preferably cooked in flavored stock)
3 garlic cloves, minced or pressed
1 large egg, lightly beaten
2 tablespoons olive oil
2 tablespoons finely grated romano cheese
2 teaspoons dried basil
1 teaspoon dried oregano
1/2 teaspoon onion powder
1/2 teaspoon salt
1/2 teaspoon pepper
1 large sweet onion, sliced into thin rounds
2 (28 ounce) cans crushed tomatoes
1. Combine turkey, quinoa, garlic, beaten egg, olive oil, cheese, basil, oregano, salt and pepper.
2. Mix thoroughly but quickly and roll into mini balls to be placed on baking sheets.
3. Layer sliced onion on the bottom of the crockpot and add 1 can of crushed tomatoes.
4. Heat a skillet over medium-high heat, add 1/2 tablespoon olive oil, add meatballs and sear for one minute top and bottom.
5. Add meatballs one at a time to the crockpot and add the other can of crushed tomatoes, completely submerging the meatballs. Cook on low for 6 hours and enjoy!
#5 Chicken Ramen Noodles
Hot and steamy! This variety bowl of noodles, chicken and yummy veggies is out of this world. So fresh, protein-packed and healthy beyond belief! Whip up this recipe for lunch at the office or on the go. It will crush cravings and fill you up with veggie-goodness.
1 3/4 - 2 pounds boneless skinless chicken breast
2 quarts dashi broth (or chicken broth)
3 garlic cloves, minced
1 teaspoon fresh grated ginger
1 bunch scallions
2 tablespoons white miso
7 large eggs
8 ounces shitake mushrooms, stems trimmed
8 ounces dried ramen noodles
5 ounces fresh baby spinach
1. Place chicken, whole eggs, ginger, and garlic in a crockpot. Cut the tops off scallions and chop the green ends to use as a garnish later.
2. Tie the white ends with butcher's twine and place in the slow cooker. Pour the dash over the top and cover the slow cooker and turn on low.
3. After 2 hours, remove on egg with tongs. Place in ice water, crack and see if it's done. If it's close, continue cooking for 10 to 20 minutes then remove and chill in ice bath.
4. Take the chicken out of the broth at 2 and half hours if cooked. Stir in the miso paste then add the mushrooms and dried ramen noodles and place the chicken breasts on top to press the noodles down under the broth. Cover and slow cook another 10-15 minutes.
5. Peel the eggs and cut in half. Remove the chicken and slice. Ladle the ramen noodles and broth into bowls and top with the rest of the ingredients. Garnish or leave ungarnished and enjoy!
Let us know your thoughts on these recipes! Share your favourite crockpot recipes with us!
Have You Taken The BodyRock 7-Day Clean Eating Challenge?
We’ve put together a 7 Day Guide that helps you to buy the right foods and prepare the meals that are going to help you eat well and create healthy habits in your lifestyle.
Learn More about the Clean Eating Challenge | <urn:uuid:3f07b864-e60d-4220-917d-d3e5f252c818> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bodyrock.tv/blogs/bodyrock-store-blog/5-mind-blowing-weight-loss-recipes-you-can-make-in-a-crockpot | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.87489 | 1,802 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Spanish translation of proofread
corregir las pruebas de
Example Sentences Including 'proofread'
"'Did you never look at the galleys after Robot EZ-27 had proofread them?The Complete Stories Volume 2
Trends of 'proofread'
View usage over:
'proofread' in Other Languages
Translation of proofread from the Collins English to Spanish Dictionary | <urn:uuid:38a232fa-9a35-42c3-913a-e7cffe38b7ab> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english-spanish/proofread | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00016-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.802627 | 83 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Personal finances are about much more than simply money. It is actually more to do with common sense than anything else. Learning how to manage your finances properly is a trick that people sometimes it takes few rough lessons to learn this well. Take the following tips seriously and learn to implement these changes into your finances in order to live a happier and stress free life.Do thorough background research on any broker you cannot trust.Check a broker’s references and find someone else if you feel they say to judge their honesty. Your experience can help you to spot a shoddy broker.If you are making a good profit on your stocks, just let it stay as is. You can certainly take a second look at stocks that aren’t doing as well in the meantime.Success in business can be directly related to money management. Profits need to be protected and reinvested as capital in the business. When you put some of your profits into capital, this builds a foundation to grow upon. However, when you utilize those profits wisely, you can watch your money grow as return on investment. You should always invest the same percentage of your profit.When trading in the Forex market watch the trends.Don’t ever sell on either an up or a downswing.Don’t be fooled by claims that an organization can guarantee you a company will repair your credit history. A lot of companies don’t give all the information about their skills for repairing your credit. This is not at all accurate since there is no similarity to how your credit is not the same as another deals with credit issues. To claim that they can clear your credit completely is definitely a lie and no one should make this promise.You will probably have lower interest on two payments this way.Stay aware of what’s going on in the world so that you know when the market may be changing globally. Often times people do not watch the world markets but you should! When you know what is happening around the world, you can make better decisions.Stop using your credit cards you have a hard time paying it off. Pay down the complete monthly balance before you start using your credit card again.Eating less from restaurants or fast food joints can save a ton of money over the course of a year. You will save money if you just stay in and eat at home.Make saving money your first priority each time you receive.To save both money and time, buy bulk quantities of lean protein. As long as you do not waste what you buy, you will always save money if you purchase in bulk. Besides saving money, you can also save time by cooking the meat you buy in bulk once a week to make meals all week long.Find a checking account that offers free checking.The easiest way to keep your finances on track is to avoid consumer debt like the use of credit cards to begin with. Think about how long you will end up paying it off. You shouldn’t make any charge that’s not imperative and can’t be paid off within 30 days.You can sell old laptop if you’re trying to earn a little extra money this month.
Most products come with either 90-day or one-year limited warranties, and if a failure is likely to occur, it will probably do so within that time. Extended warranties might not be the best thing for you, but they are lucrative for companies.
Your FICO score is determined in large part by credit card balance. A higher card balance means a lower score.Your score will go up as you pay off debt. Try to keep the balance at 20% or less than the total allowed credit.By keeping close tabs on your cash flow, you will be able to do proper maintenance on any property that you own. Keep track of all your cash receipts and how much you spend so that you can see how your property is doing after every billing cycle. You should have an established property budget.Houses and cars are usually the most expensive purchases you will make. A huge factor of your budget each month will be not only the payments, but the interest rates of these things. Making one extra payment yearly or applying your tax refund money will get these paid off faster.Buy store brands as much as possible rather than a name brand. A lot of the brand name price tag stems from the cost to advertise and market those products. There is often no change in how the product tastes or its quality.Find out where you are spending too much money. Any extra money that remains should be allocated to reducing debt or put into savings.Make sure that you keep track money to follow expenses.Get health insurance to secure you and your family’s future. Even when you take precautions, there’ll eventually be a situation that requires you to need a doctor. This makes it vital that you have a good health insurance policy. Doctor, hospital and prescription medication costs can total thousands upon thousands of dollars. Without insurance, this can be quite a burden.
You should start saving money for your children’s education right after they are born. College can be very expensive, and if you just start saving for the expense when your children become teenagers, you may not be able to pay for their college education.You may not be satisfied with your job and your income at this point, but making some income is a lot better than making none at all.When you are married, the spouse that has the better credit should apply in their name. Try to improve your own credit by never carrying a balance on at least one of your cards. After your credit is improved, it will be possible to apply for joint credit.There are numerous other options to create balance for your finances. If you risk your future security to solve your present problems, you are setting yourself up for a big struggle later on in life.Personal finance is just that, personal, so it is different for everyone. It affects everyone in a different way so you need a plan that works for you. Now that you have learned new ways to manage your money, look for chances to put your knowledge to good use. You may find it especially useful to note down the most important financial advice in a place where you can refer to it frequently. Use your knowledge and you will soon be enjoying the positive results of your efforts! | <urn:uuid:0b83acd1-455e-479a-a593-86e51115cc2c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://durac.org/money-tips-and-tricks-just-for-you/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.961038 | 1,287 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Sally L. Bornbusch, Ph.D.
Sally Bornbusch is a Smithsonian George E. Burch Postdoctoral Fellow co-sponsored by the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute’s Center for Conservation Genomics and Department of Nutrition Science. Bornbusch’s research is centered around animal microbial ecology, with a particular focus on integrating microbiome science into the fields of animal biology, care and conservation. Bornbusch uses metagenomics, nutritional analyses, and an array of other techniques to test for variation in microbial communities and associated changes in host traits and animal health.
Bornbusch’s current projects include:
- Investigating fecal microbiota transplant as a tool to modulate animal gut microbiomes and augment the care and conservation in endangered species, such as lemurs, cheetahs and black-footed ferrets
- Correlating variation in gut and reproductive microbiomes with health and reproductive phenotypes in black-footed ferrets: implications for ex situ and in situ husbandry and conservation efforts
- Characterizing relationships between animal-associated and environmental microbiomes: Does exposure to and acquisition of environmental microbes shape animal microbiomes?
- Examining variation in primate milk microbiomes across host species, housing institution and lactation phase
- Antibiotic resistance as a One Health concern: exploring the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes between humans, animals and the environments in Madagascar
During her Ph.D. research, and together with colleagues at Duke University, at the Duke Lemur Center, and in Madagascar, Bornbusch investigated ring-tailed lemur microbiomes across scales and in relation to natural and anthropogenic variation. She demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplant improved the recovery of lemur gut microbial communities after antibiotic treatment. She additionally studied the relationships between lemur and soil microbial communities, with results indicating that wild and captive lemurs acquired microbes and antibiotic resistance genes from environmental communities. Bornbusch’s research is grounded in a One Health approach and, with colleagues at SCBI, she co-leads a virtual One Health Internship and a One Health discussion group with students and scientists from across the U.S.
Bornbusch earned her Bachelor of Science in biology, with honors, from the College of William and Mary in 2013. She then worked as a research assistant at the Kalahari Mole-rat Project before beginning a Ph.D. program in the evolutionary anthropology department at Duke University in 2015. Bornbusch completed her doctoral dissertation in the lab of Dr. Christine Drea, where she was funded by a National Science Foundation (NSF) Graduate Research Fellowship and Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant. In 2020, Bornbusch was awarded an NSF intern grant for a non-academic internship with SCBI’s Center for Conservation Genomics and Department of Nutrition Science.
Bornbusch S.L.., Grebe N.M., Lunn S., Southworth C., Dimac-Stohl K., Drea C.M. 2020. Stable and transient structural variation in lemur vaginal, labial and axillary microbiomes: patterns by species, body site, ovarian hormones and forest access. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 96(6). https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiaa090
Fomsgaard A., Rosenstierne M.W., Rasmussen M., Wright P., Bueno G.L., Noromalala E., Bornbusch S.L., Stensvold C.R., Poulsen M., Hvilsom C. 2020. Prevalence, infection intensity, and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) from European zoos and wild populations. Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research. 8(4). https://doi.org/10.19227/jzar.v8i4.509
Greene L.K., Clarke T., Southworth C., Bornbusch S.L., Ehmke E.E. 2020. Daily lettuce supplements promote foraging behavior and modify the gut microbiota in captive frugivores. Journal of Zoo Biology. 39(5). https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21555
Greene L.K., Bornbusch S., McKenney E.A., Gorvetzian S.R., Harris R., Yoder A.D., & Drea C.M. 2019. The importance of scale in comparative microbiome research: New insights from the gut and glands of captive and wild lemurs. American Journal of Primatology. 81(10-11). https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22974
Bornbusch S.L.., Greene L.K., McKenney E., Volkoff S.J., Midani F.S., Joseph G. Gerhard W.A., Iloghalu U., Granek J., Gunsch C.K. 2019. A comparative study of gut microbiomes in captive nocturnal strepsirrhines. American Journal of Primatology. e22986. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajp.22986
Bornbusch S.L., Lefcheck J. S., Duffy J.E. 2018. Allometry of individual reproduction and defense in eusocial colonies: A comparative approach to trade-offs in social sponge-dwelling shrimps. PLoS One. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193305 | <urn:uuid:f0711af1-c5b4-4fdb-9a3b-c58fe5dcc4c9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nationalzoo.si.edu/about/staff/sally-l-bornbusch | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.82427 | 1,162 | 2.1875 | 2 |
NetWellness is a global, community service providing quality, unbiased health information from our partner university faculty. NetWellness is commercial-free and does not accept advertising.
Saturday, October 22, 2016
Addiction and Substance Abuse
After effects of cocaine treatment
I used cocaine for several months on a regular basis, daily. I went to treatment and made the physical adjustment just fine. For two months I had no cravings or anything. Then one night my wife and I got into an argument and I snapped went crazy throwing things yelling pushing her etc. After the fight I got in my truck and went on the lamb for three weeks. I did not use but did crazy things and was totally confused living out of hotels and not letting anyone know my exact location. Why did this happen the things I did are not a part of my nature at all.
The treatment of cocaine addiction can sometimes require an inpatient stay and medical monitoring, a partial hospitalization or an outpatient treatment group experience, along with a daily dose of a Cocaine Anonymous group. You do not disclose what type of treatment you experienced. It is important to acknowledge that the treatment is just beginning after the physical withdrawal of the drug.
The frequence and duration of cravings varies with each individual. You were fortunate to experience 3 weeks without episodes of intense cravings which are a normal part of the recovery process. There are many physical, psychological and social adjustments on the road to recovery.
There could be several contributing factors to this episode. You could have experienced a bottling of emotions and lack of replacement activities to help you have positive outlets for these feelings. Daily contact with a sponsor helps the person in recovery have an external barometer on their emotional state and to develop healthy and constructive outlets for feelings. There is a grief response which a person in recovery experiences which can be understood and coped with in the context of CA groups and dialogue with a sponsor. Oftentimes, other issues start to surface, especially issues related to feelings of anger, control and manipulation. A sponsor and CA group can help with understanding triggers and a range of symptoms called Post Acute Withdrawal symptoms.
If you have not yet started to attend groups, I would encourage you to do so, starting today. You will have an opportunity to develop a new community of support in your recovery. Ask for a temporary sponsor as you begin the process and make an effort to contact that sponsor every day.
Deborah L Hoy, CNS
Clinical Instructor at the College of Nursing
College of Nursing
The Ohio State University | <urn:uuid:0190a9e8-e923-4f08-8c7f-04fe706e079f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.netwellness.org/question.cfm/38814.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718866.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00003-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966415 | 520 | 1.695313 | 2 |
A new £50-million (CAD$84-million-plus) McLaren Composites Technology Centre (MCTC) production facility has opened in Yorkshire, England.
The MCTC aims to be a world-leader in innovating lightweight carbon fibre and composites that will work together with future powertrain development to save weight and produce greater energy efficiencies.
Prototyping has already begun on innovating McLaren’s next generation of lightweight carbon fibre tubs that are integral to the agility and performance of its sportscars and supercars.
First announced in February 2017, construction commenced just five months later and following six months of fit-out, the MCTC is now the company’s first purpose-built facility outside of the current McLaren campus in Surrey.
McLaren’s ability to tap into the Sheffield region’s extensive materials expertise, skills, university resources, and dynamism will help it to continue to innovate quickly and launch 18 new models or derivatives under its ambitious Track25 business plan that are lightest in class.
The in-sourcing of the manufacture of the carbon fibre chassis also increases the average percentage (by value) of a McLaren car sourced in the UK by around eight per cent from its current average of around 50 per cent, depending on model.
Carbon fibre has long been a part of McLaren’s DNA, the company having introduced the very first carbon fibre chassis into Formula 1 in 1981. Carbon fibre’s innate strength and lightweight properties mean that the company has never made a race car, sportscar or supercar without it since.
After completing trial tubs in 2019 and once fully operational in 2020, the MCTC will produce carbon fibre tubs that will be sent to the McLaren Production Centre (MPC) in Woking, Surrey, for hand assembly into cars, more than 90 per cent of which are then exported to markets worldwide. | <urn:uuid:31c66c94-2a43-43aa-8a06-148df96d129d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.westerndriver.com/?p=11491 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.942248 | 395 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Sunday, February 27, 2011
A daring rescue operation by Special Forces flew scores of British citizens out of Libya last night as the net closed in on Col Muammar Gaddafi.
A more descriptive headline might read:
"Special Operations Forces Swoop on Libya . . ."
This was a daring operation that no doubt involved a LOT of risk taking on behalf of British Special Air Service soldiers, but a thing like this is actually a combined arms operations involving all services, most especially logistical personnel.
Phases of an operation like this include issuing warning orders to the ground operators (SAS) as well as the air arm involved (RAF and RN); planning; reconnaissance; infiltration of the main body; actions on the objective; consolidation and preparation for exfil; exfiltration. Intelligence gathering and operational security (OPSEC) would be involved throughout each phase of the operation.
An advanced recon element would be launched - given present circumstances they may have inserted by air - either civilian air transport, helicopter or High-Altitude-Low-Opening parachute (HALO); personally I would prefer MH-47 Chinook because I can get a fully-loaded vehicle on board - you can't get very far in the desert without a truck. Presumably they had some stay-behind personnel from the embassy who could coordinate a lot of the above.
Of course all of the above is contingent upon a forward staging area and launch site - this has to be selected and coordinated with host country - in this case (presumably) the former British colony of Malta. At the same time the forward element is being launched, the main body is being assembled; equipment, aircraft and vehicles prepared; medical and life support supplies collected, and phases of movement coordinated - home station to forward operating base (Malta) to Libya and return. Fuel has to be coordinated and paid for to cover each leg of the operation.
Preparations have to be made for reception of the British refugees once they arrive in Malta; temporary accommodations (aircraft hangers, large tents, cots, toilets, showers, medical facilities, etc.). Feeding will probably be accomplished via takeout from local restaurants or airport caterers.
Meanwhile tasks for the advance (recon) party would include locating all potential evacuees and informing them where and when to assemble; locating and surveying suitable landing zone for the C-130 Hercules aircraft (primary, alternate & contingent); possibly acquiring ground transport for the evacuees; reconnaissance and security tasks while awaiting the arrival of the main body to include a steady stream of situation reports (SITREPS) from the ground, via encrypted satcom.
Last but not least all of the above involves an incredible amount of headquarters staff personnel to plan and coordinate, cut movement orders, and communicate, communicate, communicate . . .
There are very few militaries in the world capable of pulling off such a contingency operation - this time the UK shows us how it's done.
"Amateurs study strategy, professionals study logistics" - General of the Army Omar Bradley
SEAN LINNANE SENDS | <urn:uuid:e82e4206-0cfb-4a1c-9593-516239b42949> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://seanlinnane.blogspot.com/2011/02/special-forces-swoop-on-libya.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00383-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942999 | 631 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Understanding alcohol’s impact on your health
Table of Contents
A brightly colored cosmopolitan is the drink of choice for the glamorous characters in Sex and the City. James Bond depends on his famous martini—shaken, not stirred—to unwind with after confounding a villain. And what wedding concludes without a champagne toast?
Alcohol is part of our culture—it helps us celebrate and socialize, and it enhances our religious ceremonies. But drinking too much—on a single occasion or over time—can have serious consequences for our health. Most Americans recognize that drinking too much can lead to accidents and dependence. But that’s only part of the story. In addition to these serious problems, alcohol abuse can damage organs, weaken the immune system, and contribute to cancers. Plus, much like smoking, alcohol affects different people differently. Genes, environment, and even diet can play a role in whether you develop an alcohol-related disease. On the flip side, some people actually may benefit from drinking alcohol in small quantities. Sound complicated? It sure can be. To stay healthy, and to decide what role alcohol should play in your life, you need accurate, up-to-date information. This brochure is designed to offer you guidance based on the latest research on alcohol’s effect on your health.
A LITTLE GOES A LONG WAY: KNOW THE AMOUNTS
Knowing how much alcohol constitutes a “standard” drink can help you determine how much you are drinking and understand the risks. One standard drink contains about 0.6 fluid ounces or 14 grams of pure alcohol. In more familiar terms, the following amounts constitute one standard drink:
- 12 fluid ounces of beer (about 5% alcohol)
- 8 to 9 fluid ounces of malt liquor (about 7% alcohol)
- 5 fluid ounces of table wine (about 12% alcohol)
- 1.5 fluid ounces of 80-proof distilled spirits (40% alcohol)
Research demonstrates “low-risk” drinking levels for men are no more than 4 drinks on any single day AND no more than 14 drinks per week. For women, “low-risk” drinking levels are no more than three drinks on any single day AND no more than seven drinks per week. To stay low-risk, you must keep within both the single-day and weekly limits.
Even within these limits, you can have problems if you drink too quickly, have health conditions, or are over age 65. Older adults should have no more than three drinks on any day and no more than seven drinks per week.
Based on your health and how alcohol affects you, you may need to drink less or not at all. People who should abstain from alcohol completely include those who:
- Plan to drive a vehicle or operate machinery
- Are pregnant or trying to become pregnant
- Take medications that interact with alcohol
- Have a medical condition that alcohol can aggravate
Effects on the brain
You’re chatting with friends at a party and a waitress comes around with glasses of champagne. You drink one, then another, maybe even a few more. Before you realize it, you are laughing more loudly than usual and swaying as you walk. By the end of the evening, you are too slow to move out of the way of a waiter with a dessert tray and have trouble speaking clearly. The next morning, you wake up feeling dizzy and your head hurts. You may have a hard time remembering everything you did the night before.
These reactions illustrate how quickly and dramatically alcohol affects the brain. The brain is an intricate maze of connections that keeps our physical and psychological processes running smoothly. Disruption of any of these connections can affect how the brain works. Alcohol also can have longer-lasting consequences for the brain—changing the way it looks and works and resulting in a range of problems.
Most people do not realize how extensively alcohol can affect the brain. But recognizing these potential consequences will help you make better decisions about what amount of alcohol is appropriate for you.
WHAT HAPPENS INSIDE THE BRAIN?
The brain’s structure is complex. It includes multiple systems that interact to support all of your body’s functions—from thinking to breathing and moving.
These multiple brain systems communicate with each other through about a trillion tiny nerve cells called neurons. Neurons in the brain translate information into electrical and chemical signals the brain can understand. They also send messages from the brain to the rest of the body.
Chemicals called neurotransmitters carry messages between the neurons. Neurotransmitters can be very powerful. Depending on the type and the amount of neurotransmitter, these chemicals can either intensify or minimize your body’s responses, your feelings, and your mood. The brain works to balance the neurotransmitters that speed things up with the ones that slow things down to keep your body operating at the right pace.
Alcohol can slow the pace of communication between neurotransmitters in the brain.
DISCOVERING THE BRAIN CHANGES
There still is much we do not understand about how the brain works and how alcohol affects it. Researchers are constantly discovering more about how alcohol interrupts communication pathways in the brain and changes brain structure, and the resulting effects on behavior and functioning. A variety of research methods broaden our understanding in different ways:
- BRAIN IMAGING – Various imaging tools, including structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and positron emission tomography (PET), are used to create pictures of the brain. MRI and DTI create images of brain structure, or what the brain looks like. fMRI looks at brain function, or what the brain is doing. It can detect changes in brain activity. PET scans look at changes in neurotransmitter function. All of these imaging techniques are useful to track changes in the alcoholic brain. For example, they can show how an alcoholic brain changes immediately after drinking stops, and again after a long period of sobriety, to check for possible relapses.
- PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS – Researchers also use psychological tests to evaluate how alcohol-related brain changes affect mental functioning. These tests demonstrate how alcohol affects emotions and personality, as well as how it compromises learning and memory skills.
- ANIMAL STUDIES – Testing the effect of alcohol on animals’ brains helps researchers better understand how alcohol injures the human brain, and how abstinence can reverse this damage.
DEFINING THE BRAIN CHANGES
Using brain imaging and psychological tests, researchers have identified the regions of the brain most vulnerable to alcohol’s effects. These include:
- CEREBELLUM – This area controls motor coordination. Damage to the cerebellum results in a loss of balance and stumbling, and also may affect cognitive functions such as memory and emotional response.
- LIMBIC SYSTEM – This complex brain system monitors a variety of tasks including memory and emotion. Damage to this area impairs each of these functions.
- CEREBRAL CORTEX – Our abilities to think, plan, behave intelligently, and interact socially stem from this brain region. In addition, this area connects the brain to the rest of the nervous system. Changes and damage to this area impair the ability to solve problems, remember, and learn.
ALCOHOL SHRINKS AND DISTURBS BRAIN TISSUE
Heavy alcohol consumption—even on a single occasion—can throw the delicate balance of neurotransmitters off course. Alcohol can cause your neurotransmitters to relay information too slowly, so you feel extremely drowsy. Alcohol-related disruptions to the neurotransmitter balance also can trigger mood and behavioral changes, including depression, agitation, memory loss, and even seizures.
Long-term, heavy drinking causes alterations in the neurons, such as reductions in the size of brain cells. As a result of these and other changes, brain mass shrinks and the brain’s inner cavity grows bigger. These changes may affect a wide range of abilities, including motor coordination; temperature regulation; sleep; mood; and various cognitive functions, including learning and memory.
One neurotransmitter particularly susceptible to even small amounts of alcohol is called glutamate. Among other things, glutamate affects memory. Researchers believe that alcohol interferes with glutamate action, and this may be what causes some people to temporarily “black out,” or forget much of what happened during a night of heavy drinking.
Alcohol also causes an increased release of serotonin, another neurotransmitter, which helps regulate emotional expression, and endorphins, which are natural substances that may spark feelings of relaxation and euphoria as intoxication sets in. Researchers now understand that the brain tries to compensate for these disruptions. Neurotransmitters adapt to create balance in the brain despite the presence of alcohol. But making these adaptations can have negative results, including building alcohol tolerance, developing alcohol dependence, and experiencing alcohol withdrawal symptoms.
WHAT FACTORS MAKE A DIFFERENCE?
Different people react differently to alcohol. That is because a variety of factors can influence your brain’s response to alcohol. These factors include:
- HOW MUCH AND HOW OFTEN YOU DRINK – The more you drink, the more vulnerable your brain is.
- YOUR GENETIC BACKGROUND AND FAMILY HISTORY OF ALCOHOLISM – Certain ethnic populations can have stronger reactions to alcohol, and children of alcoholics are more likely to become alcoholics themselves.
- YOUR PHYSICAL HEALTH – If you have liver or nutrition problems, the effects of alcohol will take longer to wear off.
ARE BRAIN PROBLEMS REVERSIBLE?
Abstaining from alcohol over several months to a year may allow structural brain changes to partially correct. Abstinence also can help reverse negative effects on thinking skills, including problem-solving, memory, and attention.
OTHER ALCOHOL-RELATED BRAIN CONDITIONS
LIVER DAMAGE THAT AFFECTS THE BRAIN
Not only does alcoholic liver disease affect liver function itself, it also damages the brain. The liver breaks down alcohol—and the toxins it releases. During this process, alcohol’s byproducts damage liver cells. These damaged liver cells no longer function as well as they should and allow too much of these toxic substances, ammonia and manganese in particular, to travel to the brain.These substances proceed to damage brain cells, causing a serious and potentially fatal brain disorder known as hepatic encephalopathy.
Hepatic encephalopathy causes a range of problems, from less severe to fatal.These problems can include:
- Sleep disturbances
- Mood and personality changes
- Shortened attention span
- Coordination problems, including asterixis, which results in hand shaking or flapping
Doctors can help treat hepatic encephalopathy with compounds that lower blood ammonia concentrations and with devices that help remove harmful toxins from the blood. In some cases, people suffering from hepatic encephalopathy require a liver transplant, which generally helps improve brain function.
FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS
Alcohol can affect the brain at any stage of development—even before birth. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders are the full range of physical, learning, and behavioral problems, and other birth defects that result from prenatal alcohol exposure. The most serious of these disorders, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), is characterized by abnormal facial features and is usually associated with severe reductions in brain function and overall growth. FAS is the leading preventable birth defect associated with mental and behavioral impairment in the United States today. The brains of children with FAS are smaller than normal and contain fewer cells, including neurons. These deficiencies result in life-long learning and behavioral problems. Current research is investigating whether the brain function of children and adults with FAS can be improved with complex rehabilitative training, dietary supplements, or medications.
Effects on the heart
Americans know how prevalent heart disease is—about 1 in 12 of us suffer from it. What we don’t always recognize are the connections heart disease shares with alcohol. On the one hand, researchers have known for centuries that excessive alcohol consumption can damage the heart. Drinking a lot over a long period of time or drinking too much on a single occasion can put your heart—and your life—at risk. On the other hand, researchers now understand that drinking moderate amounts of alcohol can protect the hearts of some people from the risks of coronary artery disease.
Deciding how much, if any, alcohol is right for you can be complicated. To make the best decision for yourself, you need to know the facts and then consult your physician.
KNOW THE FUNCTION:
Your cardiovascular system consists of your heart, blood vessels, and blood. This system works constantly—every second of your life—delivering oxygen and nutrients to your cells, and carrying away carbon dioxide and other unnecessary material.
Your heart drives this process. It is a muscle that contracts and relaxes over and over again, moving the blood along the necessary path. Your heart beats about 100,000 times each day, pumping the equivalent of 2,000 gallons of blood throughout your body.
The two sides, or chambers, of the heart receive blood and pump it back into the body. The right ventricle of the heart pumps blood into the lungs to exchange carbon dioxide from the cells for oxygen. The heart relaxes to allow this blood back into its left chamber. It then pumps the oxygen-rich blood to tissues and organs. Blood passing through the kidneys allows the body to get rid of waste products. Electrical signals keep the heart pumping continuously and at the appropriate rate to propel this routine.
KNOW THE RISKS:
Long-term heavy drinking weakens the heart muscle, causing a condition called alcoholic cardiomyopathy. A weakened heart droops and stretches and cannot contract effectively. As a result, it cannot pump enough blood to sufficiently nourish the organs. In some cases, this blood flow shortage causes severe damage to organs and tissues. Symptoms of cardiomyopathy include shortness of breath and other breathing difficulties, fatigue, swollen legs and feet, and irregular heartbeat. It can even lead to heart failure.
Both binge drinking and long-term drinking can affect how quickly a heart beats.The heart depends on an internal pacemaker system to keep it pumping consistently and at the right speed. Alcohol disturbs this pacemaker system and causes the heart to beat too rapidly, or irregularly. These heart rate abnormalities are called arrhythmias. Two types of alcohol induced arrhythmias are:
- ATRIAL FIBRILLATION – In this form of arrhythmia, the heart’s upper, or atrial, chambers shudder weakly but do not contract. Blood can collect and even clot in these upper chambers. If a blood clot travels from the heart to the brain, a stroke can occur; if it travels to other organs such as the lungs, an embolism, or blood vessel blockage, occurs.
- VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA – This form of arrhythmia occurs in the heart’s lower, or ventricular, chambers. Electrical signals travel throughout the heart’s muscles, triggering contractions that keep blood flowing at the right pace. Alcohol-induced damage to heart muscle cells can cause these electrical impulses to circle through the ventricle too many times, causing too many contractions. The heart beats too quickly, and so does not fill up with enough blood between each beat. As a result, the rest of the body does not get enough blood. Ventricular tachycardia causes dizziness, lightheadedness, unconsciousness, cardiac arrest, and even sudden death. Drinking to excess on a particular occasion, especially when you generally don’t drink, can trigger either of these irregularities. In these cases, the problem is nicknamed “holiday heart syndrome,” because people who don’t usually drink may consume too much alcohol at parties during the holiday season. Over the long-term, chronic drinking changes the course of electrical impulses that drive the heart’s beating, which creates arrhythmia.
A stroke occurs when blood cannot reach the brain. In about 80 percent of strokes, a blood clot prevents blood flow to the brain. These are called ischemic strokes. Sometimes, blood accumulates in the brain, or in the spaces surrounding it. This causes hemorrhagic strokes.
Both binge drinking and long-term heavy drinking can lead to strokes even in people without coronary heart disease. Recent studies show that people who binge drink are about 56 percent more likely than people who never binge drink to suffer an ischemic stroke over 10 years. Binge drinkers also are about 39 percent more likely to suffer any type of stroke than people who never binge drink.
In addition, alcohol exacerbates the problems that often lead to strokes, including hypertension, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathy.
Chronic alcohol use, as well as binge drinking, can cause high blood pressure, or hypertension. Your blood pressure is a measurement of the pressure your heart creates as it beats, and the pressure inside your veins and arteries. Healthy blood vessels stretch like elastic as the heart pumps blood through them. Hypertension develops when the blood vessels stiffen, making them less flexible. Heavy alcohol consumption triggers the release of certain stress hormones that in turn constrict blood vessels.This elevates blood pressure. In addition, alcohol may affect the function of the muscles within the blood vessels, causing them to constrict and elevate blood pressure.
KNOW THE BENEFITS:
Research shows that healthy people who drink moderate amounts of alcohol may have a lower risk of developing coronary heart disease than nondrinkers. Moderate drinking is usually defined as no more than two drinks in a given day for men and one drink per day for women who are not pregnant or trying to conceive.
A variety of factors, including diet, genetics, high blood pressure, and age, can cause fat to build up in your arteries, resulting in coronary heart disease. An excess of fat narrows the coronary arteries, which are the blood vessels that supply blood directly to the heart. Clogged arteries reduce blood supply to the heart muscle, and make it easier for blood clots to form. Blood clots can lead to both heart attacks and strokes.
According to recent studies, drinking moderately can protect your heart from these conditions. Moderate drinking helps inhibit and reduce the build-up of fat in the arteries. It can raise the levels of HDL—or “good” cholesterol—in the blood, which wards off heart disease. It can help guard against heart attack and stroke by preventing blood clots from forming and by dissolving blood clots that do develop. Drinking moderately also may help keep blood pressure levels in check.
These benefits may not apply to people with existing medical conditions, or who regularly take certain medications. In addition, researchers discourage people from beginning to drink just for the health benefits. Rather, you can use this research to help you spark a conversation with your medical professional about the best path for you.
Effects on the liver
KNOW THE FACTS:
Liver disease is one of the leading causes of illness and death in the United States. More than 2 million Americans suffer from liver disease caused by alcohol.
In general, liver disease strikes people who drink heavily over many years.
While many of us recognize that excessive alcohol consumption can lead to liver disease, we might not know why. Understanding the connections between alcohol and the liver can help you make smarter decisions about drinking and take better control of your health.
KNOW THE FUNCTION:
Your liver works hard to keep your body productive and healthy. It stores energy and nutrients. It generates proteins and enzymes your body uses to function and ward off disease. It also rids your body of substances that can be dangerous—including alcohol.
The liver breaks down most of the alcohol a person consumes. But the process of breaking alcohol down generates toxins even more harmful than alcohol itself. These by-products damage liver cells, promote inflammation, and weaken the body’s natural defenses. Eventually, these problems can disrupt the body’s metabolism and impair the function of other organs.
Because the liver plays such a vital role in alcohol detoxification, it is especially vulnerable to damage from excessive alcohol.
KNOW THE CONSEQUENCES:
Heavy drinking—even for just a few days at a time—can cause fat to build up in the liver. This condition, called steatosis, or fatty liver, is the earliest stage of alcoholic liver disease and the most common alcohol-induced liver disorder. The excessive fat makes it more difficult for the liver to operate and leaves it open to developing dangerous inflammations, like alcoholic hepatitis.
For some, alcoholic hepatitis does not present obvious symptoms. For others, though, alcoholic hepatitis can cause fever, nausea, appetite loss, abdominal pain, and even mental confusion. As it increases in severity, alcoholic hepatitis dangerously enlarges the liver, and causes jaundice, excessive bleeding, and clotting difficulties.
Another liver condition associated with heavy drinking is fibrosis, which causes scar tissue to build up in the liver. Alcohol alters the chemicals in the liver needed to break down and remove this scar tissue. As a result, liver function suffers.
If you continue to drink, this excessive scar tissue builds up and creates a condition called cirrhosis, which is a slow deterioration of the liver. Cirrhosis prevents the liver from performing critical functions, including managing infections, removing harmful substances from the blood, and absorbing nutrients.
A variety of complications, including jaundice, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, and even liver cancer, can result as cirrhosis weakens liver function.
Risk factors ranging from genetics and gender, to alcohol accessibility, social customs around drinking, and even diet can affect a person’s individual susceptibility to alcoholic liver disease. Statistics show that about one in five heavy drinkers will develop alcoholic hepatitis, while one in four will develop cirrhosis.
KNOW THERE’S A BRIGHT SIDE:
The good news is that a variety of lifestyle changes can help treat alcoholic liver disease. The most critical lifestyle change is abstinence from alcohol. Quitting drinking will help prevent further injury to your liver. Cigarette smoking, obesity, and poor nutrition all contribute to alcoholic liver disease. It is important to stop smoking and improve your eating habits to keep liver disease in check. But when conditions like cirrhosis become severe, a liver transplant may be the primary treatment option.
Effects on the pancreas
KNOW THE FACTS:
Each year, acute pancreatitis sends more than 200,000 Americans to the hospital. Many of those who suffer from pancreatic problems are also heavy drinkers. Habitual and excessive drinking damages the pancreas, and commonly causes pancreatitis.
Learning more about the links between alcohol and pancreatic problems can help you make better decisions to protect your health.
KNOW THE FUNCTION:
The pancreas plays an important role in food digestion and its conversion into fuel to power your body. It sends enzymes into the small intestine to digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fat. It also secretes insulin and glucagon, hormones that regulate the process of utilizing glucose, the body’s main source of energy. Insulin and glucagon control glucose levels, which helps all cells use the energy glucose provides. Insulin also ensures that extra glucose gets stored away as either glycogen or fat.
When you drink, alcohol damages pancreatic cells and influences metabolic processes involving insulin. This process leaves the pancreas open to dangerous inflammations.
KNOW THE RISKS:
A pancreas unaffected by alcohol sends enzymes out to the small intestine to metabolize food. Alcohol jumbles this process. It causes the pancreas to secrete its digestive juices internally, rather than sending the enzymes to the small intestine. These enzymes, as well as acetaldehyde—a substance produced from metabolizing, or breaking down the alcohol—are harmful to the pancreas. If you consume alcohol excessively over a long time, this continued process can cause inflammation, as well as swelling of tissues and blood vessels.
This inflammation is called pancreatitis, and it prevents the pancreas from working properly. Pancreatitis occurs as a sudden attack, called acute pancreatitis. As excessive drinking continues, the inflammation can become constant. This condition is known as chronic pancreatitis.
Pancreatitis is also a risk factor for the development of pancreatic cancer.
A heavy drinker may not be able to detect the build-up of pancreatic damage until the problems set off an attack.
An acute pancreatic attack causes symptoms including:
- Abdominal pain, which may radiate up the back
- Nausea and vomiting
- Rapid heart rate
Chronic pancreatitis causes these symptoms as well as severe abdominal pain, significant reduction in pancreatic function and digestion, and blood sugar problems. Chronic pancreatitis can slowly destroy the pancreas and lead to diabetes or even death.
While a single drinking binge will not automatically lead to pancreatitis, the risk of developing the disease increases as excessive drinking continues over time.
These risks apply to all heavy drinkers, but only about 5 percent of people with alcohol dependence develop pancreatitis. Some people are more susceptible to the disease than others, but researchers have not yet identified exactly what environmental and genetic factors play the biggest role.
TREATMENT HELPS—BUT DOES NOT CURE
Abstinence from alcohol can slow the progression of pancreatitis and reduce its painful symptoms.A low-fat diet also may help. It is also critical to guard against infections and to get supportive treatment. Treatment options, including enzyme-replacement therapy or insulin, can improve pancreatic function. In some cases, surgery is necessary to relieve pain, clear blockages, and reduce attacks.
The effects of alcoholic pancreatitis can be managed, but not easily reversed.
KNOW THE RISKS:
Genetics, environment, and lifestyle habits can all heighten your risk of getting cancer. We can’t do anything to change our genes, and we often can’t do much to change our environment. But lifestyle habits are a different story.
Drinking too much alcohol is one lifestyle habit that can increase your risk of developing certain cancers. This does not mean that anyone who drinks too much will develop cancer. But numerous studies do show the more you drink, the more you increase your chances of developing certain types of cancer.
For example, a group of Italy-based scientists reviewed more than 200 studies examining alcohol’s impact on cancer risk.The collective results of these studies clearly demonstrate that the more you drink, the higher your risk for developing a variety of cancers.The National Cancer Institute identifies alcohol as a risk factor for the following types of cancer:
At least 7 out of 10 people with mouth cancer drink heavily. Drinking five or more drinks per day can also increase your risk of developing other types of cancers, including colon or rectal cancer. In fact, summary estimates from the recent World Cancer Research Fund report indicate that women who drink five standard alcohol drinks each day have about 1.2 times the risk of developing colon or rectal cancer than women who do not drink at all.
People who drink are also more likely to smoke, and the combination increases the risk significantly. Smoking alone is a known risk factor for some cancers. But smoking and drinking together intensifies the cancer-causing properties of each substance. The overall effect poses an even greater risk.
The risk of throat and mouth cancers is especially high because alcohol and tobacco both come in direct contact with those areas. Overall, people who drink and smoke are 15 times more likely to develop cancers of the mouth and throat than nondrinkers and nonsmokers. In addition, recent studies estimate that alcohol and tobacco together are responsible for:
- 80 percent of throat and mouth cancer in men
- 65 percent of throat and mouth cancer in women
- 80 percent of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, a type of esophagus cancer
- 25 to 30 percent of all liver cancers
WOMEN AND CANCER
One recent, groundbreaking study followed the drinking habits of 1.2 million middle-aged women over 7 years. The study found that alcohol increases women’s chances of developing cancers of the breast,mouth, throat, rectum, liver, and esophagus. The researchers link alcohol to about 13 percent of these cancer cases.
In addition, the study concluded that cancer risk increases no matter how little or what kind of alcohol a woman drinks. Even one drink a day can raise risk, and it continues to rise with each additional drink. While men did not participate in this study, the researchers believe this risk is likely similar for men.
This study also attributes about 11 percent of all breast cancer cases to alcohol. That means that of the 250,000 breast cancer cases diagnosed in the United States in 2008, about 27,000 may stem from alcohol.
KNOW THE REASONS:
Scientists are still trying to figure out exactly how and why alcohol can promote cancer. There are a variety of possible explanations.
One explanation is that alcohol itself is not the primary trigger for cancer.We know that metabolizing, or breaking down, alcohol results in harmful toxins in the body. One of these toxins is called acetylaldehyde. Acetylaldehyde damages the genetic material in cells—and renders the cells incapable of repairing the damage. It also causes cells to grow too quickly, which makes conditions ripe for genetic changes and mistakes. Cancer can develop more easily in cells with damaged genetic material.
In addition, recent animal studies have shown that as cells try to break down alcohol, they cause the body to produce additional amounts of a protein called vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF promotes the growth of blood vessels and organ tissue. But, the flip side of having too much VEGF is that it allows blood vessels to grow in cancer cells that would die on their own. This allows the cancer cells to develop into tumors.
We also know that alcohol can damage the liver, causing cirrhosis. Cirrhosis results when too much scar tissue builds up within the liver and leaves it unable to perform its vital functions. One of the many complications that can result from cirrhosis is liver cancer.
Hormones may be the link between alcohol and breast cancer. Alcohol can increase the amounts of some hormones in the body, including estrogen. An excess of estrogen may lead to breast cancer.
Finally, genetics may play a role in preventing some heavy drinkers from developing cancer. A European research team examined 9,000 people with similar lifestyle habits to determine why some of them developed mouth and throat cancers, and some did not. Of the participants who were heavy drinkers, those who did not develop cancers had a particular genetic alteration that enabled them to break down alcohol about 100 times faster than in those without it. The study suggested that this gene is the reason why some people are less likely to develop cancer in response to heavy drinking.
KNOW THERE’S A BRIGHT SIDE:
Fortunately, studies show that you can reduce your risk for cancer by drinking less. A recent Canadian report analyzed studies from 1966 through 2006 and concluded that risk reduction is possible, specifically for head and neck cancers.The study found that as people abstained from drinking, their risk for developing cancer plunged. After 20 years of abstinence, former drinkers had the same risk for head and neck cancers as people who never drank.
Effects on the immune system
Germs and bacteria surround us everywhere. Luckily, our immune system is designed to protect our bodies from the scores of foreign substances that can make us sick. Drinking too much alcohol weakens the immune system, making your body a much easier target for disease. Understanding the effect alcohol can have on your immune system can inform the decisions you make about drinking alcohol.
KNOW THE FACTS:
Your immune system is often compared to an army. This army defends your body from infection and disease. Your skin and the mucous that lines your respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts help block bacteria from entering or staying in your body. If foreign substances somehow make it through these barriers, your immune system kicks into gear with two defensive systems: innate and adaptive.
The innate system exists in your body before you are exposed to foreign substances like bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. These substances, which are called antigens, can invade your body and make you sick. The components of the innate system include:
- WHITE BLOOD CELLS – White blood cells form your first line of defense against infection.They surround and swallow foreign bodies quickly.
- NATURAL KILLER (NK) CELLS – Natural Killers are special white blood cells that detect and destroy cells infected with cancer or viruses.
- CYTOKINES – White blood cells send out these chemical messengers directly to an infected site. Cytokines trigger inflammatory responses, like dilating blood vessels and increasing blood flow to the affected area. They also call on more white blood cells to swarm an infected area.
The adaptive system kicks in after you are exposed to an infection for the first time. The next time you encounter the same infection, your adaptive system fights it off even faster and more efficiently than the first time. The components of the adaptive system include:
- T-LYMPHOCYTE CELLS – T-cells reinforce the work of white blood cells by targeting individual foreign substances.T-cells can identify and destroy a vast array of bacteria and viruses.They can also kill infected cells and secrete cytokines.
- B-LYMPHOCYTE CELLS – B-cells produce antibodies that fight off harmful substances by sticking to them and making them stand out to other immune cells.
- ANTIBODIES – After B-cells encounter antigens, they produce antibodies.These are proteins that target specific antigens and then remember how to combat the antigen.
KNOW THE RISKS:
Alcohol suppresses both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. Chronic alcohol use reduces the ability of white blood cells to effectively engulf and swallow harmful bacteria. Excessive drinking also disrupts the production of cytokines, causing your body to either produce too much or not enough of these chemical messengers. An abundance of cytokines can damage your tissues, whereas a lack of cytokines leaves you open to infection.
Chronic alcohol use also suppresses the development of T-cells and may impair the ability of NK cells to attack tumor cells. This reduced function makes you more vulnerable to bacteria and viruses, and less capable of destroying cancerous cells.
With a compromised immune system, chronic drinkers are more liable to contract diseases like pneumonia and tuberculosis than people who do not drink too much. There is also data linking alcohol’s damage to the immune system with an increased susceptibility to contracting HIV infection. HIV develops faster in chronic drinkers who already have the virus.
Drinking a lot on a single occasion also can compromise your immune system. Drinking to intoxication can slow your body’s ability to produce cytokines that ward off infections by causing inflammations.Without these inflammatory responses, your body’s ability to defend itself against bacteria is significantly reduced. A recent study shows that slower inflammatory cytokine production can reduce your ability to fight off infections for up to 24 hours after getting drunk.
STILL LOOKING FOR THE BRIGHT SIDE
At this point, scientists do not know whether abstinence, reduced drinking, or other measures will help reverse the effects of alcohol on the immune system. Nevertheless, it is important to keep in mind that avoiding drinking helps minimize the burden on your immune system, particularly if you are fighting a viral or bacterial infection. | <urn:uuid:a2d8daea-156d-4e11-b94b-be9748218de3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/Hangovers/beyondHangovers.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00283-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923519 | 7,401 | 2.984375 | 3 |
The Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) began as a local temperance movement in Ohio and New York in 1873, and formally organized the following year. Frances Willard became president in 1879, and the organization grew until it had more than 150,000 members. The WCTU joined with other temperance organizations to fight for prohibition at the local, state, and national levels. WCTU members advocated total abstinence from alcohol, and expressed concern about the harmful effects of drink on families and society in general. Many also supported rights for women, both inside and outside of the home. The efforts of the WCTU included marches, prayer, publications, and occasionally the destruction of saloons. The efforts of the WCTU and other temperance groups proved successful with the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment in 1919. The influence and membership of the WCTU subsequently waned, particularly after the repeal of Prohibition in the 1930s. The organization, however, continues to exist to this day.
In the early 1900s, several WCTU chapters were organized in Florida. In 1905 a chapter known as the Magdalene Union was organized with Etta Mendenhall as president. The chapter was later renamed the Mendenhall Union.
Sunday Feb 26th 1905 Mrs C.S. Burnett Haney of Stuart Fla vice President of Florida W.C.T.U. lectured in the morning in Shiloh Church and in the evening in Mt Zion Church at each meeting she told of the work being done by the Womans Christian Temperance Union urged all to help by becoming members The following Wednesday March 1st A Parlor meeting was held at the home of Mrs A.M. Bearss at which 16 persons were present after a fuller explanation of the work and the duties of officers the following gave names. Mrs. A.M. (I.W.) Bearss Mrs. Gage Mrs Ollie Bears, Mrs Etta Mendenhall Mrs. Simmons, Mrs. Fanny Cox, Mrs. A. [?] H. Fletcher, Miss Sidney Fletcher, Miss Florence Robles, Mrs Clara Stale [?]. Mr Julian Fletcher Mrs Ed Mobley. The following officers were then Elected. President Mrs Mendenhall 1st vice Pres Mrs Fletcher 2nd vice Pres. Mrs Gage Cor Sec Mrs Ollie Bearss. Treasurer Mrs. over | <urn:uuid:f32cbcd8-84bb-449b-a1a0-112a4624c96c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.floridamemory.com/exhibits/floridahighlights/temperance/index.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00550-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974428 | 488 | 2.90625 | 3 |
What is the difference between eLearning and Virtual Academy?
eLearning is the DDTwo instructional model used for COVID-19 and other emergencies. Students will utilize district-issued devices at home to complete coursework and attend virtual meetings assigned by a teacher from their home school. At a time when it is deemed safe, students will return to a physical classroom.
Virtual Academy is a DDTwo program. Students who choose Virtual Academy are committing to an online learning experience taught by a DDTwo teacher, but not necessarily one from the student's home school. Students will utilize district-issued devices at home to complete coursework and attend virtual class meetings. | <urn:uuid:11399170-6ebf-49e7-b189-74e46786e8bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sc01916099.schoolwires.net/domain/7425 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.949497 | 133 | 2.75 | 3 |
Health Law & Policy Institute
The latest recall of taco shells continues. Safeway announced that it would immediately remove its house-brand taco shells sold under the brand, Mission Foods, after a coalition of biotechnology food critics found in the shells genetically engineered (GE) corn not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for human consumption. Just last month, Kraft Foods announced a nationwide recall of the Taco Bell brand of shells after determining that the shells contained the same GE corn.
The genetically engineered corn called "StarLink" was developed by Aventis CropScience and has been approved by the Environmental Protection Agency for use as animal feed. StarLink is a type of "bt" corn. It contains a gene from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and produces a bacterial protein known as Cry9C conferring resistance to common pests such as the European corn borer. Although other varieties of Bt corn have been approved by the FDA for human consumption, StarLink has not. Unlike proteins expressed from other Bt genes, Cry9C does not denature or break down during digestion and may become a potential food allergen. No evidence has established that consumption of Cry9C is harmful to human health but evidence of safety is also lacking.
The Europeans have made a big fuss over the use of GE foods for some time and detractors of these products often refer to them as "Frankenfoods." The 1996 introduction of GE foods into the American marketplace has been relatively quiet because federal regulators do not currently require labeling of such foods. Most Americans are unaware of the GE foods already on our dinner tables. Kraft Food's recall of Taco Bell brand shells highlights the fact that GE foods are part of the food supply and that many of us unknowingly consume them everyday.
Indeed, GE foods are becoming the rule, not the exception. Companies like Monsanto, Novartis, and DuPont are actively using recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to breed new species of plants and create new GE seeds. It is estimated that 60-70% of processed foods on the market contain GE ingredients. In 1999, an estimated 57% of soybeans and 30% of corn were genetically engineered to resist herbicides or pests. GE foods also include varieties of potatoes, papaya, squash, tomatoes, and dairy products and others are on their way. Because of the prevalence of GE foods, chances are that almost everybody has consumed them either directly or indirectly. So should we be concerned?
Groups such as Greenpeace, Friends of the Earth, and The Campaign to Label Genetically Engineered Foods are calling for more testing and regulation of GE foods. The main worries about the production and consumption of GE foods are the possible adverse effects on human health and the potential negative impact on the environment. Concerns also focus around the lack of regulation of GE foods.
Although GE foods have been on the market for sometime with no known adverse effects on humans, the long-term effects of consumption are unknown. One study in the British medical journal The Lancet found that GE potatoes fed to rats resulted in inhibited growth rates and a suppressed immune system. However to date, the FDA and other federal regulators are not aware of information that would distinguish GE foods from their conventional counterparts and so have not required such products to be specially labeled. The voluntary Kraft recall, as well as other big food companies like Frito-Lay, Gerber, and McDonald=s recent self-imposed ban on GE ingredients are most likely a reaction to maintain consumer goodwill than to avoid liability for selling a harmful product. Farmers are planting less GE corn this year than in the past four, which also appears to be a response to potential consumer backlash to GE foods than a genuine concern over public health.
As for the environment, short-term concerns about harm to Monarch butterfly caterpillars as well as long-term concerns about releasing GE organisms into the environment without any natural predators to keep them in check fuel the debate about the use of rDNA technology in food production. GE plants with a gene for herbicide resistance may breed with unwanted weeds creating a super-weed resistant to chemical herbicides. Also, introduction of plant species with foreign genes may disrupt the delicate balance of the ecosystem.
Although these concerns have merit, they should not deter using rDNA technology as a means for improving food production. The use of rDNA technology can protect crops and increase crop yield, benefiting the farmer and manufacturers. Crops can not only resist herbicides and pest, but can resist diseases and rotting as well. GE seeds allow farmers to do "no-till" farming saving soil, fuel, and pesticides.
The potential benefits may run to consumers as well. Increased yields of GE foods could be used to feed the hungry in developing nations and provide the nutrients necessary to prevent diseases. For example, the so-called "Golden Rice" containing vitamin A could prevent millions of children from blindness. The benefits are not limited to consumers in developing nations. GE foods such as tomatoes and broccoli could contain anti-cancer compounds. Molecular farming promises to incorporate pharmaceuticals in plants that can be consumed as food. Future research may bring caffeine-free coffee beans, more naturally sweet strawberries, and other enhancement to food products.
GE crops may be environmentally safe as well. Bt corn and soybean currently in production allow farmers to decrease use of pesticides, killing fewer insects and minimizing runoff of toxic chemicals into the soil. Interestingly, researchers are working on GE feed to make pig excrement environmentally friendly.
GE foods hold great promise beyond food production. Use of such technology should lead to great progress in science, medicine, and technology. Testing to determine the long term effects of rDNA technology on human health and the environment is necessary; however, we must not let mere uncertainty and fear of biotechnology in the present interfere with progress and hope for the future. | <urn:uuid:876a5b47-13a2-42ab-9a3c-e2e340486f7a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.law.uh.edu/healthlaw/perspectives/Food/001019GEFoods.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00431-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952207 | 1,191 | 2.65625 | 3 |
There's Possible Relief for Menopausal Women
The see-saw debate over the safety of hormone replacement therapy has moved again.. this time in the favor of the treatment.
For millions of women suffering the miseries of menopause, hormone replacement therapy may be back in their doctors' black bag.
In 2002, when a major study linked h-r-t to higher rates of heart disease and breast cancer, many physicians crossed it off their prescription pads.
Now a review of the data by the North American Menopause Society has cast doubt on the previous study.
It says that women between the ages of 50 and 59 are not necessarily at higher risk of heart problems or stoke from h-r-t.
The breast cancer risk is still real.
But, this can be lessened or even reversed, by using an estrogen-only pill.
One expert says the findings could have a very big impact on women's health care.
They key is a woman's individual medical profile-- and that manes close consultation with her doctor.
- There's No Magic Pill but There's Something To Help With Depression
- Women's Health Handbook Part 1: What to expect in your 20's
- Women's Health Handbook Part 3: Tips for the 40's
- Women's Health Handbook P2: The 30's
- Driving Somewhere? There's a Gov't Record of That
- GPD Launches New Website to Report Sexual Assault, But There's Been No Reports
- Want to Stop Theft? There's an App for That
- Your Fitness: Training Tips For Women
- Your Health: Women's Wellness In The New Year
- Your Fitness: group exercise with 'Body Combat' | <urn:uuid:e25fe836-7c09-49b1-9684-ad363bb74b5f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://wcjb.com/health/2012/02/theres-possible-relief-menopausal-women | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720468.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00488-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92773 | 352 | 1.84375 | 2 |
$martPath now connected to Michigan State Standards
Thank you to Comerica Bank and State Farm for sponsoring our inaugural class of 50 high schools girls currently becoming the the CFO of their lives in our 7 week after school program!
CHECK OUT OUR LIVEBINDER
FULL OF ECONOMICS AND FINANCIAL LITERACY RESOURCES FOR YOU TO TEACH EVERY TOPIC IN YOUR CURRICULUM
THANK YOU TO FOUNDING SPONSOR
9/7/2021 - 4/15/2022
10/4/2021 - 12/10/2021
10/18/2021 - 2/4/2022
1/24/2022 - 4/15/2022
2/22/2022 - 5/13/2022
3/7/2022 - 6/3/2022
4/4/2022 - 6/3/2022
CONGRATULATIONS TO OUR 2021 STATE CHAMPIONS
Pioneer High School
Troy High School
Chelsea High School
Courses will be held over a 5 week period in efforts to accommodate fall schedules. Each course will have a single 2-hour session per week, culminating in 10 total hours. Exams will be taken during the exam window.
10 Michigan SCECH available for educators who complete NGPF Certification Courses
To receive an NGPF Certification, you must successfully complete a 10 hour course-- 9 hours of Professional Development and a 1 hour course completion exam. Courses are currently available in the following topic areas.
This course emphasizes vocabulary, content knowledge and NGPF resources for instructional use. During the first 3 prerequisite sessions, participants will build the foundational understanding of: the value of investing early and often, compounding returns, stocks, bonds, funds, and risk management. Then participants will build upon this in the final 6 sessions to understand behavioral finance, and 21st century relevant investing strategies and tools for investing!
In this course, participants will walk through the major aspects of credit, loans, and debt management. We will start with an overview of the history of credit from a cross-curricular lens. Then we will build our foundation of credit essentials as we move towards the complexities of the United States crediting system, common pitfalls, and current trends!
Banking & Budgeting
During this course, participants will cover essential strategies and tools for successfully banking and budgeting. Throughout the 9 session course, sessions will focus on Online Banking, Overdraft Fees, Budgeting Strategies, Types of Savings Accounts, Negotiating for a Car and more!
This course will cover many facets of insurance from Renters insurance, to Homeowners insurance, to Health Insurance. Educators will walk away with a working knowledge of insurance types and forms.
During this course, participants will cover fundamental concepts in the Taxes curriculum. Learn up to date information about the tax process, forms, and activities.
Paying for College
In this course, participants will investigate the financial aid process. Sessions will focus on college pricing, the role of the FAFSA, financial aid, 529 college savings plans, student loans, financial aid offers, and more!
DO YOU NEED SCECH?
The Michigan Council on Economic Education now offers SCECH for Michigan teachers who attend or watch a Council for Economic Education webinar. Find out more on our professional development page.
Providing Michigan’s K-12 students with economic knowledge and financial skills needed to thrive in our dynamic economy.
become a member
membership in the michigan council on economic education carries no financial cost to you. join as an educator or a community partner in promoting economic and financial education for michigan students.
Teams of four high school students compete in a series of challenging tests to demonstrate their economic understanding and reasoning skills. The Challenge matches your team’s understanding of economics with teams from other schools.
Every Michigan school district will have the opportunity to hold a preliminary first round of the Challenge online. The top teams from across Michigan will be invited to participate in a three-round State Finals competition.
The Michigan Personal Finance Challenge is an opportunity for students to demonstrate their knowledge of Personal Finance by competing with other students across the state. Every Michigan teacher will have the opportunity to have their students participate in the online qualifying round of the Personal Finance Challenge. The top teams from across Michigan will be invited to participate in a case study State Finals competition at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago-Detroit Branch.
$martPath is an engaging, interactive and easy-to-use way for teachers of grades 1-8 to embed relevant and fun economic and financial education in their classrooms. Best of all, $martPath is completely free!
Developed by leading practitioners working hand-in-hand with teachers, $martPath provides simple, fun lessons that bring economic and financial education to life in your classroom. $martPath units teach students about personal financial responsibility (such as saving, prudent spending, and prioritizing needs and wants) through grade-appropriate, curriculum-aligned, interactive lessons.
Money Smart Week is a public awareness campaign designed to help consumers better manage their personal finances. This is achieved through the collaboration and coordination effort of organizations across the country including businesses, financial institutions, schools, libraries, not-for-profits, government agencies and the media. Programming covers all facets of personal finance from establishing a budget to first time home buying to estate planning.
Join us each summer for amazing professional development opportunities that focus on economic and financial literacy education. Always a great mix of learning from professionals in the field along with pedagogical tools that will impact student learning starting on day one of the next school year!
An evening to celebrate the economic education achievements of Michigan teachers and students who have excelled in the classroom and those individuals and organizations whose efforts have expanded the role of MCEE, economic education, and financial empowerment throughout the state.
Gooding, The Reminders, or Carter Hulsey engage middle or high school students with a live concert, inspire with the musicians’ personal stories, and encourage critical thinking during a spirited Q&A. Students learn how to harness money as a tool to succeed, achieve dreams and change lives.
invest in michigan students | <urn:uuid:3ea969e3-0165-4e45-b7e6-7b56fe5c3a78> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.michiganecon.org/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.918797 | 1,323 | 1.828125 | 2 |
You want to build a preamp, a DAC, a phono stage, anything that needs a nominal supply voltage between 3.3V and 18V or even more, positive and/or negative polarity?
You want a power supply regulator that approaches an ideal DC voltage source as best as possible, bringing out the best in your equipment? Look no further – the Superreg fills your bill beautifully!
The 86 x 77 mm (3.4 x 3 inch) board holds all parts (sourced by you) including a heatsink, for a dual supply regulator that can deliver up to 1A per side. Board can be separated in pos and neg reg board if needed for construction. Several threads on diyaudio discuss customization for a wide range of output voltages. The regulator boards accept a DC input from your favorite transformer/rectifier/reservoir cap.
Resistor / Voltage Table
- V2.3b PCB designed by Jan Didden based on the Jung/Didden regulator from Audio Amateur, includes Walts’ latest refinement;
- Blue PCB contains one positive and one negative regulator; can be separated for individual use, 10mm mounting pitch in both cases;
- Picture shows stuffed board - this is an example only, we are only selling the PCB and you will need to buy all the parts to stuff the board;
- Article including BOM & Schematic by Jan Didden
- BOM for V2.3
- Jan's introduction to the Super Regulator in his blog
- Measurements from Jack Walton’s Linear Audio Vol 4 article
- Performance graphs from this article regenerated in color. The Super Regulator is marked as "Jung" in these graphs:
- Super regulator board support discussion thread
- Connection diagram for 2.3b
- 2.3 Update includes:
- added option to use SMD as well as Through-Hole footprint for the opamp
- added an RC-filter for the remote sense to be better armed against tendencies for oscillation
- Voltage settings
- See this post containing a list of resistor values for commonly used voltage settings
- See this PDF on customizing the output voltage
- 2.3b Update includes:
- Updated legend on silkscreen
- Please see new figure PDF for 2.3b
|Dimensions||86mm x 77mm|
|Mounting holes||Holes are on a 10mm x 10mm grid|
|Number of boards included||1|
I completed the positive rail of the super-reg and the result is outstanding. Very happy with the purchase. I use the super-reg to power the DIY 6-24 Biamp crossover.
This regulator makes a dramatic improvement in the sound quality and is the best out of anything I have tried. The boards are very high quality, well designed, and very easy to solder. Thanks to Jan Didden for his expertise and to DIY Audio Store for making this marvel available!
Excellent pcb as always. I'll leave another comment after build the pcb.
You always worry if your goods will arrive when ordering from overseas. They have arrived with no issues. Board feels slick and I will begin building in a few weeks.
Looks excellent. I did not build the project yet
I bought the reg. on behalf the positive posts on DIYAudio.
I did not have a big hope that it will be much beter then other DIY regs. but the it exceeded my all expectation.
It is really so good and I have tried many. It is comparable to the best on the market.
PCB is very proffesional, instruction and the Mr Jung Didden very helpfull.
Recommended for every one who want to try reaally audiophile experience for really attractive price.
I have not built the project yet. The board looks good.
A must for a preamp
We Also Recommend | <urn:uuid:5dc4398f-d8e5-41ff-b947-5632f439c227> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://diyaudiostore.com/collections/power-supplies-accessories/products/super-regulator | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.925891 | 837 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Egypt is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible numerous times, but despite multiple studies, the Egyptian background referred to in the Bible remains historically elusive. This is due to the fact that Egyptian details from the biblical source (names, epithets) can often be correlated with more than one period in Egypt's history. These difficulties have prevented the Egyptian aspect from becoming a major factor in biblical studies. To rectify this state, it is here suggested to employ a different methodology: rather than seeking parallels to the Bible's Egyptian details, one should ask how and when these details came to be known in the biblical traditions of Judah and Israel. The article will discuss possible scenarios of transmission as viewed through the archaeological record pertaining to the relations between Egypt and Israel during the Iron Age.
How to Cite
Ben-Dor Evian, S., (2018) “The Past and Future of “Biblical Egyptology””, Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 18(1), p.1-11. | <urn:uuid:445f7b92-c717-482f-9488-02c8728094f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://journals.librarypublishing.arizona.edu/jaei/article/id/1337/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.938212 | 217 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Hello gentle readers.
I was recently approached by a fellow blogger, Missy's Manicures about doing a manicure in honor of Movember, a campaign to raise awareness for men's cancer. Specifically testicular and prostate cancers. I have chosen to do a manicure in light blue, the colour of prostate cancer awareness.
According to the American Cancer Society prostate cancer is the second deadliest form of cancer to men, behind lung cancer. Approximately 271,400 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed in 2012, of them about 28,170 men will die. Early detection and treatment is crucial; when the cancer is localized or contained within the prostate or regional, meaning some spread outside the prostate but no lymph node involvement, rate of successful treatment is nearly 100%. In cases where the cancer has spread or metastasized the overall survival rate drops to only 29%. The 15 year survival rate for men diagnosed and successfully treated is about 91%.
My dad was diagnosed with stage four metastatic prostate cancer in September of 2007 and we lost him a year later.
It is my hope that through increased awareness and education, more men will get regular exams and those who have prostate cancer will be diagnosed early and receive successful treatment and fewer men will have to die from this terrible disease.
In honor of my dad, I did a simple, pretty manicure in light blue with a subtle linear holographic shimmer. I tested a lot of ideas on nail wheels; stamping, funky French tips, ribbons, mustaches. In the end, I knew that while pretty, none of them were right. My dad wasn't one for excess ornamentation. He liked beautiful things with clean lines, sleek, simple and pure of form and function. He wasn't into ribbons to symbolize causes. I think that this feels most "like" him. :)
This is two coats of Wet-N-Wild Bird Bath topped with a coat of OPI What's Dune? and Seche Vite.
If you would like to do a manicure for Movember and share your work you can do it here. Feel free to leave a link to your Movember manicure in a comment (on this post only, please). I'd love to see them.
Please encourage the men in your lives to see their doctor and have the proper screening exams. Prostate and testicular cancers, when caught early, treated properly and given a little luck can be cured and a man can live a long and healthy life after diagnosis and treatment and perhaps fewer wives, partners, sisters and daughters will have to mourn the loss of a man they love.
If you are wondering why I didn't do a manicure for Breast cancer Awareness Month in October, it is because I did that last year and this year I did Movember. Neither is less important to me, I just have my way of doing things.
Thank you so much for popping in and reading. Have a terrific day and may your polish never bubble.
My Movember Manicure
Posted by Erika Costello at 9:45 AM
Hi, I'm Erika. I'm a wife, empty nester mom, beauty blogger, wannabe amateur photographer and slave to a frowsy orange tabby cat. Join me as I explore the wonders of the beautiful things that land on my dressing table. | <urn:uuid:3ccb0c07-1971-4f26-8967-766b5e4e5e15> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.notesfrommydressingtable.com/2012/11/my-movember-manicure.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720026.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00457-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96228 | 684 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Wellington is the capital of New Zealand. It is located on the south of the North Island. Wellington is situated around a large harbour and ranges. It is a very hilly city, which gives rise to some very inovative architecture.
The Tongariro National Park is located roughly in the center of the North Island. It contains the three volcanoes: Mt Ruapehu, Ngauruhoe and Mt Tongariro. Mt Ruapehu provides the main skiing areas for the North Island.
Kapiti Island is located about 40kms north of Wellington. It is a special place as it is a reserve for New Zealand native flora and fauna. All pests on the island were erradicated around 1996, and since then the native plant and bird species have flourished.
Access to Kapiti Island is by permit only and the number of visitors are limited to a maximum of 50 per day.
Egmont National Park is located in the central west coast of the North Island. Egmont is the European name, but is being phased out in favour of the original name Taranaki.
Mt Taranaki is a classic coned shaped volcano that has been dormant for a long time, although it is expected to erupt sometime in the future.
The Tararua Forest Park is about 50km north of Wellington and covering 155,000 hectares.
This is a rugged area of steep sided hills covered largely in native beech forest with wind-lashed ridges of rotten rock and tussock grass rising to over 1500 metres in places.
The Wairarapa region is located on the south eastern side of the North Island. It is a large farming area and contains up and coming wineries. It is also noted for its very rugged coast line and great fishing.
Kaikoura is located on the north weast coast of the South Island. It is surrounded by large snow covered mountains (in winter) that almost reach the sea.
Kaikoura is very famous for its year round population of male sperm whales. The whales, dolphines and seals are very accessable and numerous in this area.
Mt Cook or Aoraki is the highest mountain in New Zealand at a height of 3754m. It was actually 10 metres taller a few years ago, but suffered an enormous avalanche. The area also contains Tasman Glacier which is the longest in New Zealand.
The Canterbury Region is located on the east coast of the South Island. It includes the city of Christchurch, the fertile Canterbury plains, wonderful coastline and the mountains which rise straight up from the plains. Mt Hutt is the main ski area and is located just 1 hours drive from Christchurch.
The Dunedin region is located in the south east of the South Island. The city of Dunedin has some wonderful architecture and a real Scottish influence, particularly Lanlock Castle.
The Otago Peninsula which surrounds Dunedin is a great wildlife haven. It is well known for its albatross colony as well as seals and pengiuns.
Queenstown is described as the adventure capital of New Zealand and probably the world!. You can try activities such as heli-skiing, jet boating, bungy jumping, fly by wire, hiking and the list goes on. It is in an ideal location to visit the surrounding areas such as Milford Sound and the well known walking tracks.
Milford Sound is located in Fiordland in the south west of the South Island. It is one of the most well known areas in New Zealand. It is almost impossible to portray the immense scale the towering cliffs and sharply rising peaks of the area. All of the Sounds in the area are actually Fiords and were incorrectly named. The difference is that a Fiord is a flooded glacial vallery and a Sound is a flooded river valley.
14 files, last one added on Dec 17, 2004
312 files in 18 albums and 2 categories with 167 comments viewed 294571 times | <urn:uuid:e566fa2f-bb02-4c91-8e34-d0aad6a0b6e0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ginini.com/nz/cpg/index.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00181-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977272 | 815 | 2.375 | 2 |
Need a quick activity to keep the kids learning during Christmas break? With my youngest daughter it’s very important that we continue to support her learning everyday, but she gets bored doing the same activities multiple times (unless it’s playing with Shopkins, of course…). So we need many ways that we can work on things like color recognition. This week we’ll be playing matching games with colorful Christmas Trees. In hopes that this will distract her from playing with the real Christmas tree. These Christmas tree matching activities for preschoolers are easy to prepare, so print them out when you need to occupy your little ones for a few minutes!
Materials needed for the Christmas Tree Matching Activities:
Scrapbooking Paper or White Card Stock
Christmas Tree Spin & Cover Matching Game
To prep: Print on card stock and/or laminate. Assemble the spinner by using the paper clip threaded onto the paper fastener.
Alternately, you could use a pencil tip with a paper clip around it instead of the paper fastener, but it is easier for preschoolers to manage with the the spinner already prepared for them.
To play: Cover the trees as the matching colors are spun.
Christmas Tree Matching Game
To play: In case you haven’t played Memory before, you turn over two cards at the same time. If they match, you get to keep them and turn over another set of shapes to try again.
If they don’t match you turn them back over and it becomes the next person’s turn. Play continues until the cards have all been matched.
Enjoy these simple Christmas tree matching activities for preschoolers this week!
More Activities for Preschoolers You’ll Love! | <urn:uuid:82a47b8a-3a4b-433f-9aaf-7b83c24c797a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://lifeovercs.com/christmas-tree-matching-activities-preschoolers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00039-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934144 | 361 | 2.71875 | 3 |
A revolution is on the horizon for America's animal farmers, one that could completely change the way we get our milk, eggs and beef.
Cloning is quickly and quietly becoming more of a reality. Already an experimental dairy farm run by the biotech company Infigen in Wisconsin is producing milk by the gallons. And barring a major intervention by the federal government, you could see it in your grocery store as early as next year.
Infigen's president, Michael Bishop, sees a future where there will be clones of clones, where dairy farmers can predict its herd's productivity with stunning accuracy, completely eliminating the damaging fluctuations of the marketplace.
"You have a founder animal that you know can produce 30,000 pounds of milk. Take its clone, and if you do this, this and this, you'll expect 30,000 pounds of milk. You'll know ahead of time what the production is going to be," said Bishop.
Cloned Prized Bulls and Organ Farms
Farmers could raise cloned animals to supply organs for transplantation into humans, a rancher could make the genes from a prized bull live forever, reproducing the invaluable genetic line over and over.
"If you have the ability to produce a cow, a good cow, that has tremendous potential," said Bill Perry of the Dairy Farmers of America. "The dairy farmer in this country, when [the technology] is viable, will use it."
Farmers are waiting for the technology to catch up to their imaginations. Some are saving cells from their prized dairy cows and bulls, hoping that once the technology works its way down to the average farmer, they will be able to take advantage of it.
But the science is not quite ready. Studies put the success rate of cloning at a mere 3 percent to 5 percent, and what few clones are actually born usually develop strange abnormalities. Even 5-year-old Dolly, the cloned sheep, is obese, and scientists don't know why.
"There are certain unknowns being increasingly brought to the attention of science that raise questions of concern," said Joe Mendelson of the Washington-based Center for Food Safety.
Waiting For the Science
Cloning involves taking the nucleus out of an adult cell, usually from the animal's ear, and putting it into an unfertilized egg. That egg, containing the genetic material of the original animal, hopefully develops into an embryo.
Infigen uses this process known as nuclear transfer cloning and claims they've developed and patented a system that is superior to other methods. They boast a 17 percent success rate and say the animals that do come to term are healthy and show no signs of abnormalities. Bishop refuses to identify what makes his technique different from the others, but claims the process is the same.
Still, to put cloning within reach of the average farmer, the success rate would have to climb to 30 percent or 40 percent.
"Cloning is going to have to come a long way. It's not easy to do, too confusing and it's too expensive right now," said Perry. "But once it gets to that point, you'll see our dairy farmers taking a good look at that."
When artificial insemination first came to the forefront in the cattle industry more than 60 years ago, it also was very expensive and confusing. But most dairy farmers now use artificial insemination on a regular basis. Some studies show about 60 percent of cows in the United States are artificially inseminated. Bishop thinks cloning is on the same path.
He expects to begin marketing his cloned herd's milk next year, and thinks it will only take three to five years for his company to work out enough of the bugs from his cloning technique to make it a real option for farmers.
Market Is Already Ready
Despite all the uncertainties that remain about cloning, there is already a market for cloned results. Just last month a South Dakota dairy farmer and a group of investors paid $100,000 for the unborn clone of a prize Holstein cow. The fetus was the third such unborn clone sold at auction, all at similar prices.
"You'll see a much bigger split in the dairy industry," said Bishop. "Some will be in the business of producing genetics, some will be in the business of producing milk."
Once cloning does become more mainstream, farms will then need to grapple with a host of new issues, like the very real threat of diluting gene pools and the question of genetic ownership. When there is a market for clones, does somebody own the DNA? "That's an interesting question," said Bishop. | <urn:uuid:1a1b39e9-5639-4dbd-bfe8-bb7a352c9ddd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/story?id=98410&page=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00060-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971948 | 941 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Midori Kuwahara, Health Promotion Assistant with East Mississauga CHC
Lesbian Visibility Day (LVD) takes place every April 26th to recognize and celebrate women-loving-women (WLW) and folks outside of the binary who identify as lesbians. This day is also meant to address the ongoing issues experienced by women- and femme-identifying romantic & sexual minorities. In a world where lesbians continue to be fetishized, disregarded and even seen as “old-fashioned”, LVD matters.
To honour this day, we will be highlighting some diverse and varied lesbian love stories from the past and present, showcasing the many ways lesbian love can take form. This range of stories represents what queer love was and remains to be: beautiful, radical and important.
In their documentary, The Kings: A Transgender Love Story, Angie and Joey Mead King open up about their relationship as a cis (Joey) and trans (Angie) celebrity couple. For this WLW pair, the driving force behind the documentary was to let people like them know they are not alone. Through candid conversations and interviews, they openly and courageously talk about the most intimate parts of their lives and love story—including Angie’s fears around coming out & transitioning as well as Joey’s initial difficulty in coming to terms with her wife’s gender identity. The Kings is a beautiful depiction of one’s journey to self-love as a transgender woman and the power of a partner’s unconditional love and support.
This article from Dancing With Them features Emily and Hayley’s unique DIY lesbian wedding. In an interview-style format, the couple answers questions all about their special day and the time leading up to it—how they met, their engagement story, the theme of the wedding, the venue and so on. Hayley, who identifies as non-binary, also discusses the initial struggle they had in finding an outfit that felt true to their androgynous style. If you like wholesome content (and/or need tips on cute wedding ideas), check out this love story.
In this article from Dancing With Her, Estairia and Sialo open up about their individual journeys of self-discovery through their polyamorous love story. They share the fears and insecurities they had and have, as well as their experiences of polyphobia (negative attitudes and actions toward polyamory; discrimination against polyamorous people) throughout their lives. As strong believers in radical vulnerability, Estairia and Sialo do not shy away from speaking their truth and advocating that love does not have to be limited.
“We want to show able-bodied people that disability isn’t scary…and that dating someone with a disability is not a terrifying prospect that they should close their minds to.” Over the years, Jessica and Claudia Kellgren-Fozard have become a sapphic social media sensation. From disability activism to queer visibility to lesbian parenting, this couple has used their platform to initiate important conversations within and around 2SLGBTQ+ communities. Check out this feature article on Jessica and Claudia to learn about how they continue to shed light on dating and disabilities.
In this episode of “Dear, Black Love”, a media series dedicated to celebrating love through the lens of Blackness and intersectionality, Kiesh and Crystal talk about their relationship and the privilege of loving a Black woman, as a Black woman. Their conversations are pure, heartwarming and emotional. They show us the importance of mutual respect and appreciation for your partner(s), as well as the beauty of Black lesbian love.
In her autobiography, A Two-Spirit Journey, Ma-Nee Chacaby recounts her experiences as an Ojibwa-Cree lesbian. Her life story is one rooted in trauma and resilience as it reveals the ongoing impact colonialism has on the social, political, physical, mental and economic wellbeing of Indigenous individuals and communities. Throughout the novel, Chacaby reflects on her lesbian identity and describes her experiences of WLW romance as well as her deep connection to the lesbian community. These stories of love and friendship are raw depictions of lesbian love, and teach us the importance of chosen families.
Content Warning: physical and sexual abuse/trauma, illicit use of substances, homophobia, depression/suicide
When we think about love, rarely do we think about the love we have for ourselves. For lesbian-identified folks in particular, experiences of compulsory heterosexuality and lesbophobia can take a huge toll on self-love and self-confidence. Thankfully, non-binary writer Rory Gory has published this helpful list of seven ways to love your queer self.
Lesbian Visibility Day is one of the only international events aimed at recognizing and uplifting WLW and lesbian-identifying gender-diverse folks. Evidently, there is a lack of empowering spaces that exist for this diverse and widespread community, which is reflected in the limited views people and societies have of lesbian identities and lesbian love stories. In celebrating LVD and sharing just some (of the many) lesbian love stories that exist—and have always existed—we open up space for recognition, celebration, support and allyship.
From one lesbian to another, Happy Lesbian Visibility Day!
Check out the accompanying Instagram post for this #Pride365 blog here. | <urn:uuid:e4f1eca8-18aa-40c7-b5ce-8b3fbe2e7b33> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rainbowsalad.ca/2021/04/pride365-live-laugh-love-lesbians-lesbian-visibility-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.947351 | 1,116 | 1.648438 | 2 |
"State of Denial: Bush At War, Part III" is the third book about Bush's wartime presidency by investigative reporter Bob Woodward of "The Washington Post" newspaper. While the central figure of his current work is Bush, the man who takes much of the blame for the war's progress is his defense secretary, Donald Rumsfeld.
Woodward's first two books portrayed Bush as engaged on the issues and skeptical about the prospect of war in Iraq.
For example, the second book reports that in December 2002 -- three months before the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq -- then-CIA Director George Tenet presented evidence that Iraqi President Saddam Hussein had weapons of mass destruction.
"He's [Rumsfeld is] doing an enormously difficult job: fighting a war, trying to transform our military to meet the new threats of the 21st century," White House counselor Dan Bartlett said. "We recognize that he has his critics. We recognize that he's made some very difficult decisions. Some people don't like his 'bedside manner.' "
The book says Bush accepted Tenet's evidence only after the CIA director reiterated his firm conviction that the intelligence was correct.
When Is It An 'Insurgency'?
Woodward's new book depicts Bush as preoccupied less with the war itself than with public perception of it. For example, Woodward points to autumn 2003, when it was becoming clear that coalition forces, having defeated Hussein's army, were facing a growing insurgency.
At that time, according to Woodward, Bush said: "I don't want anyone in the cabinet to say it is an insurgency. I don't think we are there yet."
The book also describes Rumsfeld as indifferent about obvious U.S. blunders in the reconstruction of Iraq. It quotes General John Abizaid, the commander of all U.S. forces in the Middle East, as saying Rumsfeld lacks credibility.
It portrays Colin Powell, Bush's first secretary of state, as being shut out of major foreign-policy discussions. It says Condoleezza Rice, then Bush's national security adviser, all but ignored an urgent warning from Tenet about an impending terrorist strike in the United States -- two months before the attacks of September 11, 2001.
And the book says Bush ignored recommendations by several influential members of the administration -- as well as his own wife, Laura -- that Rumsfeld be replaced.
United They Stand
Although Woodward has portrayed the Bush administration as being divided over foreign policy, it is united in its criticism of his book and in defense of itself and Rumsfeld.
President Bush speaking at the U.S. Naval Academy in November 2005 (epa)
Within hours of the book's release, the White House had contested virtually every point. On September 30, the White House issued a statement citing what it called "five key myths" in Woodward's account, including efforts to dismiss Rumsfeld. And on October 1, the administration sent top aides to the morning news shows.
One was White House counselor Dan Bartlett, who is regularly called upon to explain Bush's policies publicly. On one program, Bartlett said Rumsfeld has "the full confidence of the president."
Bartlett pointed out that Bush can dismiss the secretary the moment he loses that confidence.
"He's [Rumsfeld is] doing an enormously difficult job: fighting a war, trying to transform our military to meet the new threats of the 21st century," Bartlett said. "We recognize that he has his critics. We recognize that he's made some very difficult decisions. Some people don't like his 'bedside manner.' But what President Bush looks to in Secretary Rumsfeld is to bring him the type of information he needs to make the right decisions in this war. And make no mistake about it, this has been a difficult war."
'A Lot Of Juicy Gossip'
Woodward's book took up much of the daily press briefing at the White House on October 2. Press secretary Tony Snow acknowledged that the book is bound to be a popular topic for discussion. But he took issue with the book's theme: that the president is ignoring the facts of a difficult war.
"You've got a lot of juicy gossip in the book, and people will have all the time they want to go through it," Snow said. "But the fundamental question about whether the president is -- quote -- 'in denial': flat wrong, absolutely wrong."
As for Rumsfeld, Snow said the secretary has always had Bush's confidence and that any discussions about replacing him were theoretical and back when administration officials were looking forward to Bush's second term in office.
Snow was asked why the president felt it necessary to reinforce his support of Rumsfeld if that support hasn't wavered in the past six years.
"I think what the president simply wanted to do is -- given all the press attention and everything that's been going on -- to say, 'Don, I still have faith in you and I support you,'" Snow said.
Snow conceded that Rumsfeld doesn't always get along with everyone and has been unpopular with some people at the Defense Department and elsewhere in the Bush administration.
A Soldier's Story
Meanwhile, a colleague of Woodward's at "The Washington Post," Karen DeYoung, has just published her own book about a top Bush administration official.
"Soldier: The Life Of Colin Powell" details Powell's term as secretary of state, the difficulties he faced trying to win international support for the invasion of Iraq, and his dismissal as the United States' senior diplomat.
It portrays Powell, a career soldier, as a man whose loyalty to his president kept him from being more outspoken about his true feelings about the war.
Georgian soldiers marking Georgian Independence Day in Baghdad on June 6 (epa)
COALITION MEMBERS: In addition to the United States, 28 countries are Multi-National Force-Iraq (MNF-I) contributors as of May 31, 2006: Albania, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, El Salvador, Estonia, Georgia, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova, Mongolia, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Singapore, Slovakia, South Korea, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom. Fiji is participating as part of the UN mission in Iraq. Hungary, Iceland, Slovenia, and Turkey are NATO countries supporting Iraqi stability operations but are not part of MNF-I.
NON-U.S. MILITARY PERSONNEL IN IRAQ: United Kingdom, 8,000 as of May 26, 2006; South Korea, 3,237 as of May 9, 2006; Italy, 2,900 as of April 27, 2006; Poland, 900 as of May 30, 2006; Australia, 900 as of March 28, 2006; Georgia, 900 as of March 24, 2006; Romania, 860 as of April 27, 2006; Japan, 600 as of May 30, 2006; Denmark, 530 as of May 23, 2006; All others, 1,140.
(Source: The Washington-based Brooking Institution’s Iraq Index of June 15, 2006)
THE COMPLETE STORY: RFE/RL's complete coverage of events in Iraq and that country's ongoing transition.
RADIO FREE IRAQ: To visit the Arab-language website of RFE/RL's Radio Free Iraq, click here. | <urn:uuid:a7525598-5523-4aa4-bc47-bf481eb842ed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rferl.org/a/1071757.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00043-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976653 | 1,543 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Torell Otto Martin
– 11.09.1900 )
05.06.1828 – 11.09.1900
Swedish geologist, zoologist and polar explorer.
Born in Varberg.
In 1844 he entered the University of Lund to study and in 1853 received the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. In 1860 he became an associate of zoology, and in 1866 - a freelance professor of zoology and geology at the University of Lund.
In 1856, Torell traveled to Switzerland to study the glaciers, and in 1857 he visited Iceland for the same purpose. The following year, he, along with N.A-E.Nordensheld and A. Quennerstedt, embarked on his first expedition to Svalbard, and spent the year 1859 on a research trip to Greenland.
During these trips, Torell came up with the idea of organizing a series of polar expeditions, and in 1861 he personally led the first of them, committed to Svalbard. The results of this expedition formed the basis for the subsequent scientific study of the polar regions. In addition to important observations in the field of geography, geology, zoology and botany, during the expedition preliminary temperature observations were made.
No less important were soil samples taken from a depth of 2500 m and containing a large number of life forms. Before that, samples taken from such depth contained only foraminifera. This discovery aroused great interest and gave impetus to subsequent research, in which many states participated.
Torell was the first Swedish explorer to adopt the glacial theory, according to which Scandinavia was covered with continental ice in the Ice Age. He even went further, claiming that continental glaciation from Scandinavia had spread to all regions east and south of the Baltic Sea, where erratic boulders are found.
In 1865 the Royal Dutch Society of Technical and Human Sciences appointed a prize for solving the question of the origin of alien rocks, which are found in separate blocks in northern Holland near Hondsruga. Torell in 1866 - 1867 presented his answer in two parts, for which the society awarded him a gold medal and 150 guilders. In his work, he detailed the erratic phenomenon in Northern Europe and proved that it was associated with the continental glaciation that affected the region in question.
In 1875, Torell presented his views to the German Geological Society, but they were coolly received by German geologists, who continued to adhere to Lyell's drift theory, which recognized icebergs, sea, river and lake ice as the main factor of boulder spacing. However, several years later, German scientists were still forced to recognize and accept the glacial theory.
In 1871, during his teaching activities at the University of Lund, Torell founded a new geological institution - the Swedish Geological Survey (“Geological Bureau”). As its head, he in every way contributed to its transformation into a significant scientific institute.
Torell was a member of the Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Agriculture, and a member of many other Swedish and foreign academic societies.
He died in the town of Brannikka, Sweden.
Territory (Turret Land) in the south of the island of West Spitsbergen.
A glacier consisting of two glaciers (East and West) in the south-west of Torell.
Mountains on Geer Land, West Svalbard Islands. The coordinates are 77° 50.8'N 16° 58'E.
Cape (Ottoneset) in the inner part of Van Meyen-f horde on Geer's Land. Coordinates 77° 50.5'N 16° 49.5'E.
Valley on the east bank of Woodf f Jorda. The coordinates are 79° 30'N 14° 00'E.
Return to the main page | <urn:uuid:ba5c8747-2868-44c5-97cd-e66bd51370d5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.gpavet.narod.ru/Names9/torell1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.9665 | 829 | 3.5625 | 4 |
Former Prime Minister John Howard says economic reform appears to have stalled compared the past 30 years, but urged policy makers to continue the work. The comments were made in the 2015 Sir Roland Wilson Oration at the Australian National University last week.
He said while some big reforms could take many years to be implemented, the Australian public would still accept change and had the capacity to support reforms that were both fair and in the public interest.
“I still believe the Australian public will accept the desirability of economic reform if two conditions are satisfied.
“The first condition is that the public must be persuaded that it is in the national interest.
“Australians still look to the national interest. Of course individual members of the public are rightly concerned about the wellbeing of themselves and their families, but they do have the capacity to look beyond that.
“The other condition is it must be seen fundamentally as fair and not imposing too hard a burden on any section of the community.
“If those two conditions can be satisfied, then I believe the public will embrace economic reform.”
He said his government’s introduction of the GST in 2000 was the most difficult reform.
Despite the challenges, Mr Howard said he remained optimistic that more reforms could still be achieved with public support.
“It stands without argument that we must return to taxation reform, and we must return to industrial relations reform. We should address some of the deficiencies of the federation.
“I don’t despair about the possibility of achieving further economic reform.” | <urn:uuid:b968c2ea-0e89-4c57-9ece-dede29e09b5c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.themandarin.com.au/33532-john-howard-dont-give-reform/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.967311 | 321 | 1.570313 | 2 |
United Front of Principlists
The United Front of Principlists (Jebhe-ye Mottahed-e Osulgara'i or UFP) was formed in March 2008, following a split between the political block that helped Mahmoud Ahmadinejad into the presidency. The schism represented a split in interests between ultra-hardline supporters, and more pragmatic politicians (who went on to form the Comprehensive Coalition of Principlists). The nucleus of the group was close associates of then President Ahmadinejad. Though the term Principlist was previously used for supporters of Ahmadinejad based on holding to Islamic principles, the party ran in the 2008 Majlis elections pledging to reduce poverty and fight inflation, and address other economic concerns which had been an issue for the President.
Supported by the vetting process that prevented most reformist candidates from standing, the UFP scored major victories in the 2008 Majlis elections. The UFP claimed 220 of the 290 seats taken outright in the first round. Another 68 seats were scheduled for run offs. Irregularities during the election were protested by both the CCP and reformist parties.
|Join the GlobalSecurity.org mailing list| | <urn:uuid:32382861-019d-4ba9-872f-04722598768f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iran/ufp.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00568-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97039 | 241 | 1.664063 | 2 |
In life and politics, itís sometimes hard to find common ground. Fortunately in the world of Photoshop and PSE, itís easier to find those grounds: foregrounds and backgrounds.
Using the Eyedropper tool, clicking once selects a new Foreground Color. Alt-clicking (Mac: Opt-click) captures a color for the background.
No matter what colors you have selected, pressing the letter D on your keyboard resets the foreground color to black and the background color to white. Pressing the letter X on your keyboard switches the foreground and background color. | <urn:uuid:38cdc427-012a-470c-91bf-4cf460998889> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.designerdigitals.com/digital-scrapbooking/community/content.php?269-Finding-Common-Grounds-in-Photoshop-and-PSE | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00066-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.799089 | 118 | 1.820313 | 2 |
3D-printed UAV can go from not existing to flying within 24 hours
Because 3D printing allows one-off items to be created quickly and cheaply, it should come as no surprise that the technology has already been used to produce unmanned aerial vehicles, or UAVs. Engineers at the University of Sheffield's Advanced Manufacturing Research Center (AMRC), however, have taken things a step farther. They've made a 3D-printed UAV airframe that's designed to minimize the amount of material needed in its construction, and that can be printed and in the air within a single day.
Created by the center's Design and Prototyping Group, the blended-wing UAV was made from ABS plastic using a Stratasys Fortus 900mc FDM (fused deposition modeling) machine. Other groups' previous efforts have instead used more costly Ultem resin as the construction material.
The FDM additive manufacturing process, also known as fused filament fabrication, is what most of us think of when we think of 3D printing – molten material is deposited via a nozzle in successive layers, to build up the desired object. The team chose this method over others, due to "its lower initial investment, material cost and simplified process."
One thing that can drive up the cost of FDM-built UAVs, however, is the fact that support material must be added around the components, to keep them from deforming as they're being printed. The use of that material (which is removed once the item has been printed) adds to UAV's total material costs, plus it drastically increases the build time.
To get around that problem, the AMRC UAV was designed in such a way that all of its components could be FDM-built without the need for support material. As a result, all of the airframe's nine components could be created in a single build, that took less than 24 hours. According to team member Mark Cocking, "Before design for additive manufacture optimization, this airframe would take over 120 hours to produce."
The airframe can be disassembled by hand into two main aerofoils, making it easier to transport. When put together, it has a wingspan of 1.5 meters (4.9 ft) and a weight of less than 2 kg (4.4 lb) – that's not counting the motor and electronics, which would have to be added by the user.
The engineers are now planning a second version, that will have an increased wing span, flight time, speed and payload capacity, among other features. "At the moment the plan is to use as much additive manufacturing technology as possible," Cocking told us. "No other UAV of a similar size and capability out there, as far as we know, uses a 100 percent FDM process to this level at this speed of deployment."
You can see the gliding maiden flight of the existing model, in the video below. | <urn:uuid:ac03dd4a-35dd-42db-9feb-ad97f338ab19> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://newatlas.com/3d-printed-uav-airframe/31473/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.972475 | 605 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Biografi Lengkap Kate Middleton ‘Princess of United Kingdom’ Dalam Bahasa Inggris Lengkap
Pada materi kali ini kita akan membahas mengenai biografi dalam bahasa inggris, sahabat SBI ada yang masing ingat apa itu biografi? yaps! biografi merupakan sebuah tulisan yang membahas mengenai kehidupa seseorang dan kali ini yang akan kita bahas adalah princess of united kingdom atau istri dari pangeran william, kate middleton. Penasaran seperti apa bentuk biografi dari sosok kate middleton dalam bahasa inggris? yuk langsung saja kita simak 🙂
Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge (born Catherine Elizabeth “Kate” Middleton; 9 January 1982) is the wife of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge. Following his father Charles, Prince of Wales, William is second in line to succeed his grandmother, Queen Elizabeth II, as monarch of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms.
Middleton grew up in Chapel Row, a village near Newbury, Berkshire, England. She studied art history in Scotland at the University of St Andrews, where she met William in 2001. Their engagement was announced on 16 November 2010, and she attended several royal events before they married on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey. The Duke and Duchess have two children: Prince George of Cambridge (born 22 July 2013) and Princess Charlotte of Cambridge (born 2 May 2015), who are respectively third and fourth in line to the British throne.
Her perceived impact on British and American fashion has been called the “Kate Middleton effect” in the media, and in 2012 and 2013, she was selected as one of the “100 Most Influential People in the World” by Time magazine.
Catherine Elizabeth Middleton was born at Royal Berkshire Hospital in Reading on 9 January 1982 to an upper-middle-class family. She was christened at St Andrew’s Bradfield, Berkshire, on 20 June 1982. She is the eldest of three children born to Michael and Carole Middleton, a former flight dispatcher and flight attendant, respectively, who in 1987 founded Party Pieces, a mail order private company that sells party supplies and decorations with an estimated worth of £30 million. She has a younger sister, Philippa “Pippa”, and a younger brother, James.
Michael Middleton worked for British Airways (BA), in Amman, Jordan, from May 1984 to September 1986. In Jordan, Catherine Middleton went to an English-language nursery school before returning to their home in Berkshire. Following her return from Amman in 1986, Middleton was enrolled at the age of four at St Andrew’s School, a private school near the village of Pangbourne in Berkshire. She boarded part-weekly at St Andrew’s in her later years. She then studied briefly at Downe House. She was a boarder at Marlborough College, a co-educational independent boarding school in Wiltshire, and graduated in 2005, from the University of St Andrews in Fife, Scotland, with an undergraduate MA (2:1 Hons) in the history of art. In November 2006, Middleton accepted a position as an accessory buyer with the clothing chain Jigsaw, where she worked part-time until November 2007. She also worked until January 2011 at Party Pieces; her role within the family business included catalogue design and production, marketing and photography.
Middleton became prominent for her fashion style and has been placed on numerous “best dressed” lists. She was selected by The Daily Telegraph as the “Most Promising Newcomer” in its 2006 list of style winners and losers. Tatler placed her at number 8 on its yearly listing of the top ten style icons in 2007. She was featured in People magazine’s 2007 and 2010 best-dressed lists.Middleton was named as one of Richard Blackwell’s ten “Fabulous Fashion Independents” of 2007. In June 2008, Style.com selected Middleton as their monthly beauty icon. In July 2008, Middleton was included in Vanity Fair’s international best-dressed list. In February 2011, she was named the Top Fashion Buzzword of the 2011 season by the Global Language Monitor. In January 2012, she was voted ‘Headwear Person of the Year. Middleton was number one on Vanity Fair’s annual Best Dressed lists in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013; she also appeared as the cover star in 2012. In June 2016, she took part in her first magazine shoot for Vogue’s centenary issue appearing on the cover of the magazine.
Semoga bermanfaat ya sahabat SBI 🙂
Check Juga Materi Penting SBI Lainnya :
- Perbedaan “Follow vs Follows vs Fellow” Dalam Bahasa Inggris Beserta Contoh Kalimat
- 4 Macam Slang Yang Berkaitan Dengan Conversation Dalam Bahasa Inggris Beserta Contoh Kalimat
- How Many vs How Much : Manakah Yang Lebih Tepat Untuk Digunakan ?
- 10 Soal Pilihan Ganda Bahasa Inggris Untuk SMP Kelas 7 (Part II) Beserta Jawaban | <urn:uuid:5ffa840b-e46e-452b-b902-3b76a7ab66de> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.sekolahbahasainggris.com/biografi-lengkap-kate-middleton-princess-of-united-kingdom-dalam-bahasa-inggris-lengkap/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719465.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00097-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929483 | 1,175 | 2.125 | 2 |
Best Practices for the Use of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Obesity - Episode 11
Practice Pearl #2 Challenges in Using DOACs in Obese Patients and Education
The panel of experts in cardiology discuss the barriers with treatment of obese patients with DOACs. They also discuss the importance of education of their peers.
Jessica Kerr, PharmD, CDE: Another question, Dr Johnson. We’ve talked about the heart data—the benefit is there, either equivalent or maybe superior in some of the risks that we would have come about with the DOACs, but what are some specific challenges that you recall making that treatment decision with DOACs in the obese population?
Matthew Johnson, MD: Well, the challenge was initially—I’m talking about a few years ago, as we get the extreme, especially the BMI of 40—the concern that maybe we haven’t studied enough and we don’t have enough data out there to safely use DOACs in that instance. The difficulty we have was with these patients—all the things we’ve talked about with diet interactions—is trying to maintain someone’s therapy range if they have all those variabilities. We get to the morbidly obese patient, and you have a lot of other drugs most of the time that these patients are taking and the interaction.
Clinically the difficulty I had was frustration from the patient and the practitioner, trying to keep someone anticoagulated with warfarin. Even early on, when we started to see the data coming out, with some of these BMIs in that 35-to-40 range and even above 40, clinically we started to get a comfort level, especially using rivaroxaban in those patients. Just as we were talking about with renal-insufficient patients, and we got more data with it, we were seeing the efficacy and safety in the data there. Just as Paul had mentioned earlier, that’s probably just as important or more important for the safety for these patients. The safety data continues to shine through.
Jessica Kerr, PharmD, CDE: Paul, can you talk about some of the newer data coming out or that have come out recently? With all the clinicians going in different ways with different responsibilities, how do we make our colleagues aware of these particular data? Have you found a trick to your trade to help on the education side, detailing those prescribing providers and even your pharmacists who are on the front lines with giving education to their own patients.
Paul Dobesh, PharmD, FCCP, BCPS: Sure. You hit on the term there: education, education, education. A lot of busy practitioners are really down deep in that patient care, so the luxury of my job is I have time to evaluate these trials and my job is to do this education. It’s things like you making sure you’re on the residents, periodically teaching grand rounds that happen, and you’re bringing these topics up there when you’re on service and then you’re more attuned. If you could put together a 1-page summary that maybe gets circulated around the pharmacy. I work a lot with the cardiology department, so maybe try to circulate stuff there. But things take time, right? Change doesn’t happen quickly. We know that. Whenever these drugs are out. They have been out now for, geez, 10 years, and just recently they have overcome warfarin. There are more people who get DOACs now than get started on warfarin. That just happened 2 years ago. Change happens slowly, and we just have to be advocates and keep at it and entertain good discussions like this. Creating educational materials like what we’re doing this afternoon. This has the ability to influence or educate thousands of people. These are great venues in which these types of messages can get out, and then people can just—bam, now we’re going to take better care of this group of patients. | <urn:uuid:57957f4a-17c4-47d7-9922-6ea34fb7866e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/practice-pearl-2-challenges-in-using-doacs-in-obese-patients-and-education | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.967774 | 834 | 1.6875 | 2 |
The following is provided from the USDA Food Nutrition Service web page. To find out more about the Commodity Supplemental Food Program please visit http://www.fns.usda.gov/fdd/programs/csfp/
March 29, 2006
Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP) Fiscal Year (FY) 2007 Budget Request Questions and Answers
Question: What does the Presidentís budget request propose for the CSFP in FY 2007?
The Presidentís FY 2007 budget request proposes to discontinue CSFP operations and transition eligible CSFP participants to other FNS nutrition assistance programs such as the Food Stamp Program (FSP) and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC Program). The CSFP is a relatively small program which operates in limited areas of 32 States, two Indian reservations, and the District of Columbia. In an era of fiscal constraint, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) faces a difficult challenge with regard to discretionary budget resources, and must ensure that those limited resources are targeted to those programs that are available to needy individuals and families, regardless of the communities in which they reside. If Congress adopts the budget request, we will work closely with CSFP State agencies to ensure that any negative effects on program participants are minimized and that they are transitioned as rapidly as possible to other nutrition assistance programs for which they are eligible.
Question: How will the transition plan work?
On the Federal level, we will make $2 million available to Food Stamp State agencies in States operating the CSFP, to provide outreach and to assist individuals to enroll in the FSP. Elderly participants who are leaving the CSFP upon the termination of its funding and who are not already receiving Food Stamp Program (FSP) benefits will be eligible to receive a transitional benefit worth $20 per month ending in the first month following enrollment in the FSP under normal program rules, or six months, whichever occurs first. CSFP women, infants, and children participants who are eligible for WIC Program benefits will be referred to that program as appropriate.
Question: What will happen to any remaining CSFP commodity inventory?
Remaining CSFP commodity inventory would be redonated for use in other nutrition assistance programs, such as the Emergency Food Assistance Program.
Question: What will happen to commodities normally obtained under agriculture support programs for use in the CSFP?
The USDA will continue to purchase such commodities in accordance with price and market support authorities. Commodities that would otherwise have been donated to the CSFP will in the future be donated for use in other nutrition assistance programs. | <urn:uuid:eed0fe90-61f1-4205-a189-cf3fe484f55e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oashf.org/FY2007CSFPQuestionsandAnswers.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.926202 | 550 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Through popular education, technical assistance, community organizing, and advocacy, LEDC organizers work closely with residents to join their neighbors to keep their rental housing affordable. LEDC’s Affordable Housing Preservation Program works to preserve multi-family, rental and owner-occupied housing as affordable and prevent the displacement of renters and low- to moderate-income homeowners.
In many cases, organizers help renters organize tenant associations to protect their legal rights as tenants, stop illegal rent increases, assist tenants in purchasing their apartment buildings, and improve poor housing conditions. LEDC also works with owners of affordable multifamily housing, usually cooperatives, to ensure ongoing sustainability.
The program also actively helps residents to develop their leadership and organizing skills so that they can craft and lead campaigns to advocate for improved housing policies in the District of Columbia to achieve long-term affordability of their homes.
Since 2004, the program has successfully helped over 12,000 families maintain their affordable housing and prevent displacement.
Do you want to work with your neighbors to keep your rental housing affordable? To learn more, click on the sidebar items. For more information, you can also fill out this form.
EXERCISE YOUR TENANT RIGHTS! | <urn:uuid:1b80a909-0597-48eb-b40a-fd8a35a40e4a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ledcmetro.org/our-programs/affordable-housing-preservation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00136-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957012 | 243 | 2 | 2 |
From the age of 15 Gabriel began to expropriate banks with his closest companions. For these illegal acts he was imprisoned in Spain where he became an anarchist. Gabriel has served more than 25 years in prison, 14 of which have been in isolation. He does not identify as a prisoner let alone as a social prisoner. He has spent so much time inside because of his general attitude of insubordination and his escape attempt with Xose Tarrio Gonzalez, who was his very close friend. In 2004 and after Gabriel had served 3/4 of his sentence, he managed to get permitted day leave. On one of these, he fled to Germany along with another prisoner (Jose Fernandez Delgado), looking for other rebels to organize an escape plot to free another comrade in Spain. At a typical border control in Germany, they, along with a Belgian anarchist and Gabriel's sister, are stopped. A shoot-out eventually ensues and hostages are taken--which ultimately leads to their arrest. Although no one was injured, Gabriel was convicted of attempted murder and kidnapping.
Another of the texts that should be required reading for anyone who might end up in prison (aka anyone), along with Harold Thompson's "Anarchist Survival Guide for Understanding Gestapo Swine Interrogation Techniques" for the lessons it teaches about the realities of prison, and for the example of people who are not broken or bowed in the institutions created to keep us all in line, whether outside or in. | <urn:uuid:bbf5b4fb-880e-4842-b97a-dfdefa7f5bc6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://littleblackcart.com/index.php?dispatch=products.view&product_id=289 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.984477 | 296 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Topic: Tennessee Hunter Educaiton Course
Nashville, TN – Registration for a Tennessee Hunter Education course is now required to be made online. The new registration process became effective January 1st, 2013 on the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency’s website (www.tnwildlife.org).
On the TWRA website, those wishing to register for a class will click the “register for a hunter education class” link. Once clicking the link, there will be directions to search for hunter education classes closest to your area. «Read the rest of this article» | <urn:uuid:54d46e68-8887-41f6-b2cf-62402a37da8a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.clarksvilleonline.com/tag/tennessee-hunter-educaiton-course/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00391-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.854739 | 117 | 1.742188 | 2 |
The Register reports AMD is planning to implement an intermediate interconnect called Socket AM2+.
AMD looks set to implement a Socket AM2 revision spanning the processor interconnect's current specification and the upcoming Socket AM3 due in 2008. That at least is what reports coming out of Taiwan citing local motherboard-maker sources claim.
According to a Chinese-language HKEPC report, the intermediate interconnect is currently called Socket AM2+. Like AM2, it will support both today's dual-core K8 CPUs plus next year's quad-core K8L chips. The bus speed will rise to 4GHz from today's 2GHz, thanks to the implementation of HyperTransport 3.0.
At this stage the interconnect is down as supporting DDR 2 memory - AM3's key feature is the ability to hook up to DDR 3, support for which is expected to be added to AMD's on-processor memory controller in the 2008 timeframe. | <urn:uuid:9d54d67e-bc0d-46af-9dd7-98f0525066c1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.dvhardware.net/article14107.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00467-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.911174 | 192 | 1.734375 | 2 |
I know that it is not completely related to the course but I noticed something strange after I installed the VM to run the appliance. I have inexplicable missing space from /C: without the VM being installed there. In addition, the free space on /C: changes from time to time without me installing anything. For example one day it will be 15GB, some minutes/hours/days later it will be 12,5. Then it will change back to 14 and so on.
Now, I read somewhere that the VMwares sometimes can cause a disk swap since they're using not the computer's RAM but the physical space to run (correct me if it's wrong). Is it true in general and in this particular case? Can someone explain to me how this VM works e.g.what memory it uses etc.?
P.S. Of course, there might be another reason for this but I'm still curious about the VM.
Thanks in advance! | <urn:uuid:59d60525-db49-4363-a528-a9bed2225a5c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cs50.stackexchange.com/questions/7421/vmware-causing-disk-swap/7457#7457 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.939158 | 196 | 1.617188 | 2 |
North Korea has rejected a report by multinational investigators that accuses Pyongyang of sinking a South Korean warship in March and killing 46 sailors.
The North Korean National Defense Commission described the findings of the international team, co-led by South Korea, as a "fabrication" and a "farce." It promised Thursday to respond to any South Korean retaliation for the sinking of the Cheonan with "all-out war."
Earlier Thursday, the South Korean co-director of the team said evidence overwhelmingly proves that a North Korean submarine fired a torpedo that triggered a massive underwater blast and caused the Cheonan to break apart.
The office of South Korean President Lee Myung-bak says he declared that Seoul will take "resolute counter-measures" against North Korea through international cooperation.
It quotes Mr. Lee as telling Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd that South Korea wants Pyongyang to admit to "wrongdoing" regarding the sinking.
The international investigators say fragments of a torpedo found near the site of the sinking are similar to parts of a North Korean torpedo propeller obtained years ago by South Korea.
The White House late Wednesday called the sinking an "act of aggression" that challenges international peace and violates the 1953 armistice ending the three-year-long Korean War.
The U.N. says Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon found the results of the investigation "deeply troubling."
The area where the South Korean ship sank is near a maritime border designated by the United Nations at the signing of the 1953 Korean armistice. Pyongyang has never accepted the border as valid. The two Koreas have fought three naval clashes in the area since 1999.
Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama said North Korea's actions are unforgivable. Chief Cabinet Secretary Hirofumi Hirano told reporters Thursday the news would complicate efforts to resume the stalled six-nation negotiations on North Korea's nuclear program.
But Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Ma Zhaoxu urged both North and South Korea to exercise "restraint" during a press briefing in the Beijing. Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Cui Tiankai called the sinking of the Cheonan "unfortunate" in a separate press briefing Thursday.
Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd called the findings of South Korea's investigation "deeply disturbing" and said the international community must make an "appropriate response."
*Some information for this report was provided by AP, AFP and Reuters. | <urn:uuid:7c437e4f-1283-4a6a-a34e-fb11ea37f951> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://maritimequest.com/in_the_news_pages/2010_05_20_n_korea_rejects_accusation.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00401-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940917 | 495 | 1.539063 | 2 |
(A) and (C) Estimated probability of MINS were from the univariable moving-window with the width of 10% data; (B) and (D) were from multivariable logistic regression smoothed by restricted cubic spline with three degrees and knots at 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of given exposure variable. Multivariable models adjusted for covariates in table 1. The interaction P values between the lowest mean arterial pressure (MAP) and baseline were < 0.001 and 0.84 between the lowest % MAP decrease and baseline, respectively. However, (A) and (B) plots show that there were no strong interaction effects as long as MAP is less than 65 mmHg.
Using various other absolute or relative thresholds don’t raise discriminative element, while the confirmed because of the comparable C-figure beliefs. An entire multivariable model to possess Minutes (table A2), and additionally the standard and you can intraoperative covariables stated in desk step one, has actually a-c statistic out of 0.86. Conversely, hypertension by yourself got a-c fact anywhere between 0.55 and you may 0.66. Whether or not hypotension exposure is actually discussed by collective moments of your own reasonable Map (0.62 to 0.65) or duration lower than individuals thresholds (0.55 so you can 0.62), brand new C figure beliefs was basically the same getting sheer and relative exposures. You will find ergo zero advantage to using cousin thresholds to possess myocardial burns.
To have AKI, an entire multivariable model, along with the standard and you may intraoperative covariables mentioned in dining table step one, had a-c figure of 0.81 (dining table A3). In contrast, hypertension by yourself got a-c fact anywhere between 0.54 and you will 0.59. If hypotension visibility is actually defined by the cumulative moments from reduced Map or course less than certain thresholds, the brand new C statistic are nearly the same for absolute and cousin thresholds. There was therefore zero benefit to having fun with cousin thresholds having AKI both.
Dating ranging from Coverage Classes and you will Effects
Day invested underneath the natural tolerance of Chart less than 65 mmHg got increased probability of Mins, with a probabilities ratio (OR; % CI) of 1.34 (1.06 to just one.68) into third quartile and you may step 1.60 (step one.28 so you’re able to 2.01) into fourth quartile (table cuatro). Performance was basically equivalent when hypotension coverage try described as town (instead of times) below absolute thresholds. However, there were no tall associations anywhere between minutes or urban area according to the relative threshold away from 20% less than standard and you may Mins. Hypotension coverage has also been characterized by certain hypertension selections and you may coverage menstruation inside for every single assortment. Such as, Map lower than fifty mmHg for at least 1 min or a great fifty% fall off out of standard for at least step 1 minute improved the odds away from Minutes immediately after Bonferroni correction.
Time invested underneath the pure tolerance from Chart lower than 65 mmHg had increased odds of AKI compared to the clients never ever heading below 65 mmHg, having an otherwise (% CI) of 1.20 (step one.02 to just one.40) into the 3rd quartile and you can 1.thirty-five (1.fourteen to a single.58) to your 4th quartile (dining table 5). Whenever hypotension exposure are described as urban area (instead of big date) lower than natural thresholds, chance was indeed higher than source simply for the 4th quartile, with Or (% CI) of 1.34 (1 lovestruck inloggen.fifteen to a single.58). To possess a relative tolerance out of 20% lower than baseline, once again the newest 4th quartile got somewhat higher probability of AKI with Otherwise (% CI) of just one.twenty seven (step one.01 to a single.61). A reduced hypotension exposure has also been characterized by various hypertension ranges and also by publicity periods within for each range. As an example, sheer types of fifty to 55 mmHg for around step 1 minute much less than just 50 mmHg got large likelihood of AKI than others never less than 65 mmHg. A member of family decrease of higher than 50% off standard Chart got highest likelihood of AKI than those never interacting with lower than 20% out-of standard. | <urn:uuid:172d650c-abf6-4261-a741-6acb630545fd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://plumbskills.hu/2022/05/27/telecommunications-anywhere-between-effects-with/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.945392 | 966 | 1.554688 | 2 |
[Twisted-web] Splitting twisted-web from core twisted.
James Y Knight
foom at fuhm.net
Thu Apr 15 12:29:44 MDT 2004
On Apr 15, 2004, at 6:47 AM, David Reid wrote:
> Goals of a split:
> * Use new APIs.
> This is as good a chance as any to get rid of all those
> DeprecationWarnings we get when starting a twisted.web server.
I'm currently working on rewriting protocols.http. The goal is to
actually be RFC compliant, with enough builtin functionality to make
writing a server, client, and proxy on top of it fairly easy. I don't
plan on keeping API compatibility, although there's some chance a
wrapper implementing the old API could be made.
> * Implement things like distrib and vhosts at a lower level.
> Currently distrib and vhosts need to be reimplemented or atleast
> violently shoehorned into working with Nevow. This will likely be the
> same with any future alternatives to Nevow. I'll get into specifics
> about distrib and vhosts later.
Agreed. I think web should *not* be serializing Request objects at all.
Distrib is essentially just a non-caching proxy and could be
implemented more like one. (E.g. use a custom HTTPChannel that talks
over PB and doesn't require multiple sockets, but otherwise has just
normal HTTP string data being sent back and forth). This would have the
advantage of decoupling the distrib'd servers from any changes.
> * Simplify the twisted.web, don't make it do anything clever.
> The clever stuff should be left up to nevow and perhaps kept a
> module. Also given fzZzy's history it seems very likely that
> he will come up with something even better than Nevow, and it would
> be a waste to have to rewrite twisted.web (again) to support it. ;)
Sure, nevow (the templating part only) can be in a separate module
(newtwistedweb.nevow, say), but I'm not sure it's good to separate them
What I think needs to happen:
1) finish rewriting http protocol
2) fork t.web to a new dir
3) Remove crap: woven, monitor, html, dom*, google, trp, widgets, wmvc,
4) Merge nevow's appserver, request, static, dirlist, ... change back,
and modify for the new http API.
As I'm not the only person interested (yay!), someone else could be
working on 2-4 while I'm getting 1 to a good enough state that "modify
to new API" part can happen.
> * Failing.
> I don't want to fork the code, I want to officially split twisted.web
> from core twisted and refactor it to support the above goals. I need
> know this is what people want to happen, and I need input to make sure
> it's done Reasonably Right (TM)
I think this is what people want to do. We *will* need to fork for a
while, until a proper mostly-stable release happens, but it shouldn't
need to be forever. Deprecating twisted.web before a replacement has
happened isn't really possible.
More information about the Twisted-web | <urn:uuid:3426626f-2699-4747-9b8e-e09fb08c882b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://twistedmatrix.com/pipermail/twisted-web/2004-April/000324.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00220-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930374 | 756 | 1.5 | 2 |
Teachworks has five types of user accounts, each with different abilities and access to different information.
This is the account that was created when you signed up for Teachworks. The admin account has access to everything in Teachworks and is the only account that is able to manage the subscription settings or create employee accounts with permission to manage company settings.
Staff accounts are for non-teaching staff including receptionists, bookkeepers, accountants, etc. You can set the permissions for each staff account under the Access & Permissions section to give them access to only certain parts of your teachworks account related to their role. Teachers that also perform non-tutoring activities should be set up as a staff user.
Teacher accounts are for teachers. There are some permission settings that you can set on the teacher's profile to control which information and abilities they will have. Teacher accounts have access to their own information including their contact details, students and schedule.
Family accounts are for families, companies or other groups that pay on behalf of students in their family. Family accounts have access to their billing information and the contact information, lesson history and schedules of the students belonging to their family.
Student accounts include independent students that are billed directly and child student accounts which belong to a family. Student accounts have access to their own information. | <urn:uuid:1ec29784-3b72-45f3-84fd-9122f29b9aa7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://teachworks.uservoice.com/knowledgebase/articles/312214-account-types | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00007-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961184 | 269 | 1.945313 | 2 |
14ymedio, Havana, 11 May 2021 — Catastrophe in the Cuban sugar industry. The preliminary results of this year’s harvest are worse than expected and production is hitting rock bottom. With a harvest of just 816,000 tons of sugar, 68% of the 1.2 million planned, the Island has the worst figure since 1908.
The state monopoly Azcuba has also confirmed in a note released by Prensa Latina that at the end of April only 71% of the planned sugarcane had been milled.
With these numbers, Cuba would only have 416,000 tons of sugar available for national consumption, since it has committed to sell China an annual total of 400,000 tons. The Island annually consumes between 600,000 and 700,000 tons of the product.
The data that describe the shortfall are very precise: 57% is attributed to lack of fuel; 25% to the breakdown of machinery and transport; and 7% to industrial issues. The rest is attributed to humidity in the fields, for 9%, and Covid-19, for 2%.
All these numbers, according to the state company and the official press, have a responsible party: The United States. The report, entitled Sugar harvest in Cuba receives negative impacts from the US blockade on Radio Cadena Agramonte, in Camagüey, maintains that the country’s economic-financial and energy sector crisis has been accentuated by “the intensification of the blockade,” as the Cuban government refers to the embargo.
Another negative element is that of the industrial performance, which should be 9.53% and reaches 8.62%. The authorities attribute this to the low maturity of the raw material. But milling has also contributed. Azcuba planned to have 38 plants available to mill the sugar, but 12 of them delayed their start, seven due to the humidity of the fields and five due to the delay in the arrival of resources.
The harvest in Cuba runs from November to May, so April 30 is considered the closing date. However, Juan Carlos Santos, vice president of the state company, said that the work will continue if the rains in May are delayed.
Previously, the worst data since the 1959 Revolution was that of the 2009-2010 harvest, when 1.1 million tons were reached, which forced the importation of sugar from France, made with beets.
Of the 156 sugar mills that were in operation before 1959, only 56 remain. In that year, 5.6 million tons of sugar were produced, which increased in the 1970s and 1980s to seven and eight million tons.
COLLABORATE WITH OUR WORK: The 14ymedio team is committed to practicing serious journalism that reflects Cuba’s reality in all its depth. Thank you for joining us on this long journey. We invite you to continue supporting us by becoming a member of 14ymedio now. Together we can continue transforming journalism in Cuba. | <urn:uuid:d3a0e1b9-b3e2-495e-b373-6ea889f98113> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://translatingcuba.com/cuba-closes-the-worst-sugar-harvest-in-more-than-a-century-and-will-have-to-import-for-the-domestic-market/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.966059 | 614 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Canada’s public servants are having trouble telling their political masters the truth about what they think regarding topics that are politically sensitive or airing opinions that are unpopular, a new study says.
Released on May 11, the study, titled “Top of Mind,” examines the fears and hopes of public servants at all levels of government across the country. It was conducted by two think tanks, the Institute of Governance and the Brian Mulroney Institute of Government, based on interviews with 42 senior leaders and a survey of 2,353 employees in the same organizations in the public sector.
“Roughly, two thirds of survey participants acknowledge that the interaction between elected officials and public servants represents an important challenge and requires more effective management,” the study said.
“The main concerns revolved around the independence of the public service, the effectiveness of parliamentary committees, the loss and/or reduction of policy advice capacity, the role of political staff, the ability to provide ‘fearless’ advice to political leaders, and the politicization of issues and debates.”
The public service ethos—fearless advice and loyal implementation—has become increasingly difficult for public servants to uphold as their political bosses want less advice, and the implementation to be done on their terms, the study noted.
“‘Speaking truth to power,’ though important, seems less achievable to many participants,” the study said.
“To this point, participants referenced fewer safe spaces for senior public executives to provide analysis or options that are unpopular or not sufficiently in tune with their government’s (political) position.”
The study added that public service has “lost” an element of independence, and employees are now expected to deliver on platform commitments rather than offering advice based on “feasibility of the commitment” or alternative ways to achieve the goal of the commitment.
Participants also told the think tanks that the relationship is impeded by the “overpoliticization of policymaking and choices, and the lack of opportunity to constructively challenge political direction.”
In addition, the study said there was a sense among participants that political staff have overextended their role and conflicted with the deputy ministers’ responsibilities. Deputy ministers serve as managers of government departments, directing the administration of finance and human resources under the leadership of ministers.
“The public service is beaten down by the need to be responsible politically,” one participant said, according to the study.
The study made several recommendations in an attempt to improve the relationship between bureaucrats and their political bosses.
One proposal is for a joint Senate-Commons committee to review the Federal Accountability Act introduced by the Harper government in April 2006 that aimed to provide conflict of interest rules; restrictions on election financing; and measures respecting administrative transparency, oversight, and accountability.
“[It is] to understand if its compliance and reporting requirements have had unintended consequences either in practice or in culture affecting ‘fearless advice’ or innovation,” the study said.
The think tanks also recommended looking into factors needed to create a “safer space” for fearless advice.
“Whether real or perceived, the belief that senior public sector leaders are unsupported in providing ‘fearless’ advice presents a problem for good governance. The potential ‘cascading effect’ on assistant deputy ministers (and beyond) is unclear and perhaps worthy of further study.” | <urn:uuid:199e9d49-2e5a-42e8-a3b4-0928c2fdecea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theepochtimes.com/federal-public-servants-find-it-increasingly-tough-to-speak-truth-to-power-new-study_4463497.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.961921 | 719 | 1.96875 | 2 |
How a pool affects your homeowners insurance.
For many of us, having a pool in the backyard is a dream. You don’t have to fight tourists for sun loungers and you get to enjoy the peace of quiet of your own backyard. Although pools provide great summer recreation, they also increase the risk of someone getting injured on your property. The question of how a swimming pool might impact your insurance coverage depends on the rules your insurance company has regarding swimming pools.
Generally, pools are covered by your homeowners insurance policy, but you should always tell your insurer if you are planning to install a pool or have a pool in your backyard. Aside from increasing your personal liability exposure, pools are also expensive to maintain and repair. Insurers will take both the personal liability and structural liability into account when deciding whether to insure a home with a pool. Some insurers will classify a pool as an “attached structure” which is covered in a home policy. Others will consider it “personal property.”
Many insurers will have a list of guidelines that they expect homeowners to follow. Installing a fence around the pool is often required as this helps to prevent children from swimming unsupervised and deters trespassers from gaining entry. Insurance companies may be concerned about the presence of a diving board or slide, too. Some insurers will stay away from these features altogether because they notably increase the risk of personal injury to yourself and others. Other insurers will consider them as long as the water depth is sufficient for safe entry. | <urn:uuid:8b694ba6-13a3-45d4-be44-e3ae58bc4f41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://abbateins.com/does-a-swimming-pool-make-it-more-difficult-to-insure-my-home/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.97204 | 309 | 1.640625 | 2 |
On April 9, 2020, VMware vCenter Server updates were issued, which address sensitive information disclosure vulnerability in the VMware Directory Service “vmdir” (CVE-2020-3952). A malicious actor with network access to an affected deployment may be able to extract highly sensitive information which could be used to compromise vCenter Server or other services. VMware has evaluated the severity of this issue to be in the Critical severity range with a maximum CVSSv3 base score of 10.0.
Is your business effected by Cyber Crime?
If a cyber crime or cyber attack happens to you, you need to respond quickly. Cyber crime in its several formats such as online identity theft, financial fraud, stalking, bullying, hacking, e-mail fraud, email spoofing, invoice fraud, email scams, banking scam, CEO fraud. Cyber fraud can lead to major disruption and financial disasters. Contact Digitpol’s hotlines or respond to us online.
Digitpol is available 24/7.
UK +44 20 8089 9944 | <urn:uuid:8978fb8b-bfc1-4b24-b733-270adb1313f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://digitpol.hk/critical-vulnerability-in-vmware-vcenter-cert-eu-security-advisory-2020-021/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.88956 | 249 | 1.601563 | 2 |
Emotion recognition abilities and empathy of victims of bullying
Woods, Sarah, Wolke, Dieter, Nowicki, Stephen and Hall, Lynne. (2009) Emotion recognition abilities and empathy of victims of bullying. Child Abuse & Neglect, Vol.33 (No.5). pp. 307-311. ISSN 0145-2134
PDF (Article Main Text.)
WRAP_Wolke_emotionabilities_bullying_ChildAbuseNeglect_shortreport_Jan08.pdf - Requires a PDF viewer such as GSview, Xpdf or Adobe Acrobat Reader
PDF (Cover Sheet.)
WRAP_Wolke_Title_Page_Emotion_recognition.pdf - Requires a PDF viewer such as GSview, Xpdf or Adobe Acrobat Reader
Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2008.11.002
Objectives: Bullying is a form of systematic abuse by peers with often serious consequences for victims. Few studies have considered the role of emotion recognition abilities and empathic behaviour for different bullying roles. This study investigated physical and relational bullying involvement in relation to basic emotion recognition abilities, and empathic styles in children. Using the framework of the Social Information Processing model, it was expected that victims would have poor emotion recognition abilities, and that bullies would demonstrate low levels of empathy.
Methods: Data was collected from UK children (N = 373) aged 9-11 years who completed a bullying instrument, the Bryant Index of Empathy measurement, and the DANVA (Diagnostic Analysis of Nonverbal Accuracy) to assess emotion recognition abilities. Children were classified into physical and relational bullying roles (bully, victim, bully/victim neutral) for analytical purposes.
Results: While physical victims, bullies and neutrals differed little in their emotion recognition abilities, relational victims were particularly poor in recognising negative emotions of anger and fear in faces. No differences were found in empathy scores, according to bullying roles.
Conclusions: Children who are relationally victimised are poorer in understanding emotional information than bullies and non-involved children. In light of previous research that victims of bullying more frequently experience child abuse, future interventions should consider the importance of emotion and social skills training for these vulnerable children.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Alternative Title:||This research was conducted as part of the VICTEC project (IST-2001-33310) (www.victec.org), part-funded by the European Community Framework V Program.|
|Subjects:||B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion > BF Psychology|
|Divisions:||Faculty of Science > Psychology|
|Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):||Bullying -- England -- Hertfordshire, Bullying in schools, Aggressiveness in children -- Great Britain, Emotions in children, Empathy in children, Human information processing in children|
|Journal or Publication Title:||Child Abuse & Neglect|
|Official Date:||May 2009|
|Page Range:||pp. 307-311|
|Access rights to Published version:||Open Access|
This research was conducted as part of the VICTEC project (IST-2001-33310) (www.victec.org), part-funded by the European Community Framework V Program.
|Funder:||Fifth Framework Programme (European Commission) (FP5)|
|Version or Related Resource:||This is the post print version of the work: Woods, S. et al. (2009). Emotion recognition abilities and empathy of victims of bullying. Child Abuse & Neglect, (forthcoming). A version bearing proof correction marks can be found here: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/703/|
Archer and Coyne, 2005 J. Archer and S.M. Coyne, An integrated review of indirect, relational and social aggress, Personality and Social Psychology Review 9 (2005), pp. 212–230.
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Downloads per month over past year | <urn:uuid:0ffa5f2b-cfe5-403a-bf58-de6d8dde1678> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/715/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00064-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.841716 | 850 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Remember that old television commercial, possibly for the Peace Corps, in which someone asked if you see a glass as half full or half empty?
Danny Sosebee, with Netafim, says farmers who use irrigation make a mistake with either answer.
“Don't look at the container, look at the water,” he said during an irrigation seminar at the recent Texas Produce Convention at South Padre Island.
The most sophisticated irrigation technology in the world, he said, does little good if growers neglect basic crop management techniques. The point is that the water carrier will not perform to specifications if growers mismanage other aspects of production.
“Before a producer decides to add more technology to his operation he needs to ask a lot of questions,” Sosebee said. “Does he log on? Does he soil test, use hybrid seeds, take advantage of a global positioning system, fertilize correctly, apply chemicals properly, maintain water quality, check for pests and use a palm pilot?
“If a growers is not taking care of all these chores, new technology may not be the answer he's looking for. The first thing any producer must address is the factors limiting production and efficiency.”
New technology comes and goes, he said, but basic management should be constant.
“Also, consider who will run the technology. That's a crucial management concern. Whoever is responsible must know what he is doing. We always face a learning curve with new technology.”
Sosebee said growers must commit adequate resources to support technology, too. “With drip irrigation, for example, growers can use hand-held moisture readers to dial in computerized daily reports. In some cases, producers with limited irrigation technology want to move soil monitors around, but they need to stay put (to be most effective).”
He said farmers should challenge companies to develop better equipment and varieties with decreased moisture demands. We're also behind with chemicals to go through irrigation systems.”
He said the industry offers substantial technology with efficient irrigation systems, monitors and other devices. “But growers should do their homework and take care of the basics to take full advantage of technology.
e-mail: [email protected] | <urn:uuid:2b90b7b7-06cf-4b08-a146-17a763aa9f08> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.southwestfarmpress.com/half-empty-or-full-neither-if-watering | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00090-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950221 | 461 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Marinvent Corp. and Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University have expanded their long-standing relationship, and will now cooperate on the development, testing, and certification of new avionics concepts and technologies that will become part of the FAA’s NextGen system.
“The lessons that I learned as a post-graduate student at Embry-Riddle have helped me build Marinvent into a world-class organization. I am pleased and proud to be working once again with my alma mater to help accomplish a major transformation of the role of the pilot in the airspace system. Our efforts will be part of a pivotal transition that will lead to significant environmental, safety, and efficiency benefits for future generations,” stated Marinvent’s President John Maris.
“The FAA’s NextGen system will improve air travel in virtually every way, and it will take government, industry, and academia working together to make that happen,” said Dr. Richard Heist, executive vice president and chief academic officer of Embry-Riddle’s Daytona Beach campus. “In this important and wide-ranging project, Embry-Riddle is excited to collaborate with John Maris, one of our most distinguished alumni, and his award-winning company.”
Since its incorporation in 1983, Marinvent has specialized in providing the tools and expertise to reduce the risk and cost of aerospace development programs. Marinvent was the developer of Jeppesen Sanderson’s TCL/MC3 technology, which has become a worldwide standard for the depiction of electronic terminal chart data in the cockpit. The company operates a specialized research aircraft and a dedicated simulator platform to support these activities.
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, the world’s largest, fully accredited university specializing in aviation and aerospace, is a nonprofit, independent institution offering more than 40 baccalaureate, master’s, and Ph.D. degree programs in its colleges of Arts and Sciences, Aviation, Business, and Engineering. Embry-Riddle educates students at residential campuses in Daytona Beach, Fla., and Prescott, Ariz., and through the Worldwide Campus with more than 150 locations in the United States, Europe, Asia, Canada, and the Middle East. The university is a major research center, seeking solutions to real-world problems in partnership with the aerospace industry, other universities, and government agencies. | <urn:uuid:bd864922-9915-4d05-bede-1a945d3f062d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://generalaviationnews.com/2011/12/19/marinvent-and-embry-riddle-expand-rd-relationship/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00430-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940798 | 498 | 1.609375 | 2 |
I have a simple database for a non profit that collects used sports equipment. I need a MySQL query I can plug into phpMyAdmin that does the following-
Finds a specific ITEM (i.e. cleats) and CONDITION (i.e. used) then multiplies the QTY of each ITEM by its UNIT VALUE. Then I need to add all the results together for one total. Any help greatly appreciated!
the parts in red are contradictory
unless there are multiple items that all have a "cleats" type
best would be if you could do a SHOW CREATE TABLE for the table in question
There are multiple lines that have "cleats" as the item. I need to multiply the number of cleats by the unit cost. Once I do that for each line I need to add all the results together.
could you please do a SHOW CREATE TABLE for the table in question | <urn:uuid:7a8d511e-3dbd-40b9-a6f1-c87d0d0c26ed> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.sitepoint.com/community/t/mysql-query/14675 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00239-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916808 | 193 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Have we become more observant since lockdown?
That’s one of the claims I keep hearing in the media. The evidence offered is that many of us have been getting a lot closer to the natural environment. In Britain, it is said, more people are going for walks, cycling and gardening than ever before.
The sudden loss of mechanical noises certainly allowed nature’s voice to be heard more clearly, and like many people, I’ve been fascinated to see the range of creatures reclaiming spaces they are usually pushed out of by crowds of humans. Internationally, my favourite photo, so far, has been a dolphin swimming into pristine waters in Venice. True or not, that image is now embedded in my mind. But the wonder of what’s on our own doorstep is not easily dismissed.
Ah, climate change, my favourite band-wagon. ‘Surely,’ hope says, ‘now that we’ve seen how quickly the damage we cause can be turned around, we’re going to make some changes.’ That was certainly the supposition of the interviewee on a radio programme, early in the week.
Meanwhile, this talk of our improved powers of observation has set me thinking. Some of my favourite pieces of poetry and prose depend on an adept use of detail.
Take Wuthering Heights, for instance. Emily Bronte conveys setting and climate in a sentence.
Pure bracing ventilation they must have up there at all times, indeed: one may guess the power of the north wind blowing over the edge, by the excessive slant of a few stunted firs at the end of the house; and by a range of gaunt thorns all stretching their limbs one way, as if craving alms of the sun.
Later, when Cathy is raving, she pulls feathers from her pillow and identifies the birds they came from: turkeys ducks, pigeons, moorcocks and lapwings. These are what are called ‘telling’ detail. They not only demonstrate the state of Cathy’s mind, they provide a glimpse back to her childhood. They link to a specific moment when she and Heathcliff were roaming the moors together.
Emily Bronte, I feel confident in asserting, didn’t just take note of her environment, she thought about it. We know that she, too, spent a lot of time walking.
You might say that she practiced isolation. How did that work? I think it provided thinking time, and that’s the other way I read this statement about our powers of observation. Many of us have been forced to stop rushing after a busy schedule, and maybe for the first time, have given extra time to noticing our home environment.
In Emily Bronte’s case, doing this resulted in a piece of fiction that has endured for one hundred and seventy two years. No pressure, of course, but I do like to think there will be more than one positive outcome from this strange moment we’re living through. | <urn:uuid:258220ab-50fc-48c9-b0f6-e0ea4018f2c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cathum.wordpress.com/2020/09/14/observation-and-isolation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.966496 | 632 | 1.789063 | 2 |
The Government estimates around 100,000 people under 75 die every year from illnesses that could have been prevented through better medical treatment or interventions like stop smoking campaigns.
A new report from the charity Rethink Mental Illness has found around a third of these deaths are among people with mental health problems.
They are more likely to die from preventable illness - such as cancer or heart disease - than the rest of the population.
The study, Lethal Discrimination, calls on the Government to do more to target this group, who have higher rates of illness through side-effects of medication, smoking, a lack of basic health checks on the NHS and professionals not taking their concerns seriously.
Figures show that people with mental illness are three times more likely to develop diabetes and twice as likely to die from heart disease.
More than 40% of all cigarettes are also smoked by people with mental illness, but research suggests they are less likely to receive support to quit.
Fewer than 30% of people with severe mental illness receive a basic annual physical health check.
Earlier this year, Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt issued a call to action to reduce premature death in England, mainly from the five biggest killers: cancer, stroke, heart, liver and respiratory disease.
Paul Jenkins, chief executive of Rethink Mental Illness, said: "If Jeremy Hunt is serious about wanting to reduce the number of people dying needlessly every year, he can't afford to ignore people with mental illness.
"We know this group is at a much higher risk of early death.
"We also know that there are simple solutions like targeted support to give up smoking and regular physical health checks, which could save thousands of lives.
"While there are some pockets of good practice in the system, most people with mental illness are being badly let down when it comes to their physical health.
"This means tens of thousands of people are dying needlessly every year and many more are left struggling with long-term conditions such as diabetes.
"By not acting, the Government is allowing some of the most vulnerable people in our society to be treated as second class citizens.
"We know what the solutions are and they are not complex or expensive.
"All we need now is the political will to make change happen."
Key recommendations in the report include more specialist support to quit smoking, closer monitoring of patients for side-effects of medication and for clear guidelines on who is responsible for the physical health of people with mental health problems.
Professor Sue Bailey, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, who wrote the foreword for report, said: "The fact that people with serious mental illness die an average of 20 years earlier than the rest of the population is one of the biggest health scandals of our time, but it is being ignored.
"If this statistic applied to any other group of people, such as residents of a particular town, there would be public outcry.
"Questions would be asked about why these people are being so badly let down by health services and politicians would call for targeted support.
"But this simply isn't happening for people with mental illness.
"Failure to address this issue amounts to a form of lethal discrimination which is costing lives."
Care and support minister, Norman Lamb said: "This Government has made improving the overall health of people with mental health problems a bigger priority than ever before, and we're determined that mental health is treated with as much importance as physical health in the NHS.
"We have made it clear that we expect the NHS to reduce the number of premature deaths in people with mental health problems.
"Later this year, we will also be publishing a five year action plan on how to reduce avoidable deaths, including for people with mental health problems." | <urn:uuid:90e3a7b8-cab8-44a5-8b6b-25c035779483> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/432292/Vulnerable-group-dying-needlessly | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00216-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974275 | 769 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Why does God let us suffer?
Answering another question from Jon of Hawk Nelson.
There are multiple parts to this answer and I am only going to cover a few. First, in order to understand why God allows suffering, we need to understand where suffering comes from. Suffering is a result of the curse on creation because of Adam’s transgression against God… when Adam disobeyed God, he abdicated the position God had placed him in as Prime Minister & caretaker over all creation and became a slave to sin. By obeying the serpent, Adam handed his authority over to Satan. As a result, the entire human race became slaves to sin, death and suffering entered into creation.
Secondly, since suffering is now part of our earthly existence & experience, the LORD uses it as to instruct us and develop our character. Through suffering we learn empathy, compassion, patience, endurance, humility, the consequences of sin (both ours & others), and ultimately we learn obedience.
“Consider it all joy, my brethren, when you encounter various trials, knowing that the testing of your faith produces endurance. And let endurance have its perfect result, so that you may be perfect and complete, lacking in nothing.” James 1:2-4 NASB https://www.bible.com/100/jas.1.2-4.nasb
“After you have suffered for a little while, the God of all grace, who called you to His eternal glory in Christ, will Himself perfect, confirm, strengthen and establish you.” 1 Peter 5:10 NASB https://www.bible.com/100/1pe.5.10.nasb
Finally, the LORD uses suffering to show us His own love for us and the depth & breadth of His commitment to making salvation available to each of us through His own suffering.
In John’s gospel we read: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God.” And the Word became flesh, and dwelt among us, and we saw His glory, glory as of the only begotten from the Father, full of grace and truth.” John 1:2, 14 NASB https://www.bible.com/100/jhn.1.2,14.nasb
And in Philippians we read: “who, although He existed in the form of God, did not regard equality with God a thing to be grasped, but emptied Himself, taking the form of a bond-servant, and being made in the likeness of men. Being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself by becoming obedient to the point of death, even death on a cross.” Philippians 2:6-8 NASB https://www.bible.com/100/php.2.6-8.nasb
“For it was fitting for Him, for whom are all things, and through whom are all things, in bringing many sons to glory, to perfect the author of their salvation through sufferings.” Hebrews 2:10 NASB https://www.bible.com/100/heb.2.10.nasb
So, until the LORD puts a final end to sin, suffering is a part of our reality and experience. But God is able to use suffering to teach us eternal lessons, shape us into the image of Christ Jesus our LORD, and prepare us for His kingdom. | <urn:uuid:995aea10-1032-4a43-b676-26a46030458f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://disciplefish.com/2020/06/why-does-god-let-us-suffer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.956991 | 734 | 1.84375 | 2 |
24 Related JoVE Articles!
Identifying DNA Mutations in Purified Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
Institutions: UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio.
In recent years, it has become apparent that genomic instability is tightly related to many developmental disorders, cancers, and aging. Given that stem cells are responsible for ensuring tissue homeostasis and repair throughout life, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the stem cell population is critical for preserving genomic integrity of tissues. Therefore, significant interest has arisen in assessing the impact of endogenous and environmental factors on genomic integrity in stem cells and their progeny, aiming to understand the etiology of stem-cell based diseases.
transgenic mice carry a recoverable λ phage vector encoding the LacI
reporter system, in which the LacI
gene serves as the mutation reporter. The result of a mutated LacI
gene is the production of β-galactosidase that cleaves a chromogenic substrate, turning it blue. The LacI
reporter system is carried in all cells, including stem/progenitor cells and can easily be recovered and used to subsequently infect E. coli
. After incubating infected E. coli
on agarose that contains the correct substrate, plaques can be scored; blue plaques indicate a mutant LacI
gene, while clear plaques harbor wild-type. The frequency of blue (among clear) plaques indicates the mutant frequency in the original cell population the DNA was extracted from. Sequencing the mutant LacI
gene will show the location of the mutations in the gene and the type of mutation.
transgenic mouse model is well-established as an in vivo
mutagenesis assay. Moreover, the mice and the reagents for the assay are commercially available. Here we describe in detail how this model can be adapted to measure the frequency of spontaneously occurring DNA mutants in stem cell-enriched Lin-
(LSK) cells and other subpopulations of the hematopoietic system.
Infection, Issue 84, In vivo mutagenesis, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, LacI mouse model, DNA mutations, E. coli
The ChroP Approach Combines ChIP and Mass Spectrometry to Dissect Locus-specific Proteomic Landscapes of Chromatin
Institutions: European Institute of Oncology.
Chromatin is a highly dynamic nucleoprotein complex made of DNA and proteins that controls various DNA-dependent processes. Chromatin structure and function at specific regions is regulated by the local enrichment of histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs) and variants, chromatin-binding proteins, including transcription factors, and DNA methylation. The proteomic characterization of chromatin composition at distinct functional regions has been so far hampered by the lack of efficient protocols to enrich such domains at the appropriate purity and amount for the subsequent in-depth analysis by Mass Spectrometry (MS). We describe here a newly designed chromatin proteomics strategy, named ChroP (Chromatin Proteomics
), whereby a preparative chromatin immunoprecipitation is used to isolate distinct chromatin regions whose features, in terms of hPTMs, variants and co-associated non-histonic proteins, are analyzed by MS. We illustrate here the setting up of ChroP for the enrichment and analysis of transcriptionally silent heterochromatic regions, marked by the presence of tri-methylation of lysine 9 on histone H3. The results achieved demonstrate the potential of ChroP
in thoroughly characterizing the heterochromatin proteome and prove it as a powerful analytical strategy for understanding how the distinct protein determinants of chromatin interact and synergize to establish locus-specific structural and functional configurations.
Biochemistry, Issue 86, chromatin, histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs), epigenetics, mass spectrometry, proteomics, SILAC, chromatin immunoprecipitation , histone variants, chromatome, hPTMs cross-talks
In vitro Methylation Assay to Study Protein Arginine Methylation
Institutions: University of Illinois at Chicago, University of Illinois at Chicago, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center.
Protein arginine methylation is one of the most abundant post-translational modifications in the nucleus. Protein arginine methylation can be identified and/or determined via proteomic approaches, and/or immunoblotting with methyl-arginine specific antibodies. However, these techniques sometimes can be misleading and often provide false positive results. Most importantly, these techniques cannot provide direct evidence in support of the PRMT substrate specificity. In vitro
methylation assays, on the other hand, are useful biochemical assays, which are sensitive, and consistently reveal if the identified proteins are indeed PRMT substrates. A typical in vitro
methylation assay includes purified, active PRMTs, purified substrate and a radioisotope labeled methyl donor (S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3
H] methionine). Here we describe a step-by-step protocol to isolate catalytically active PRMT1, a ubiquitously expressed PRMT family member. The methyl transferase activities of the purified PRMT1 were later tested on Ras-GTPase activating protein binding protein 1 (G3BP1), a known PRMT substrate, in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-[methyl-3
H] methionine as the methyl donor. This protocol can be employed not only for establishing the methylation status of novel physiological PRMT1 substrates, but also for understanding the basic mechanism of protein arginine methylation.
Genetics, Issue 92, PRMT, protein methylation, SAMe, arginine, methylated proteins, methylation assay
Sequence-specific Labeling of Nucleic Acids and Proteins with Methyltransferases and Cofactor Analogues
Institutions: RWTH Aachen University.
-Adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet or SAM)-dependent methyltransferases (MTase) catalyze the transfer of the activated methyl group from AdoMet to specific positions in DNA, RNA, proteins and small biomolecules. This natural methylation reaction can be expanded to a wide variety of alkylation reactions using synthetic cofactor analogues. Replacement of the reactive sulfonium center of AdoMet with an aziridine ring leads to cofactors which can be coupled with DNA by various DNA MTases. These aziridine cofactors can be equipped with reporter groups at different positions of the adenine moiety and used for S
of DNA (SMILing DNA). As a typical example we give a protocol for biotinylation of pBR322 plasmid DNA at the 5’-ATCGA
T-3’ sequence with the DNA MTase M.BseCI and the aziridine cofactor 6BAz in one step. Extension of the activated methyl group with unsaturated alkyl groups results in another class of AdoMet analogues which are used for m
ransfer of A
roups (mTAG). Since the extended side chains are activated by the sulfonium center and the unsaturated bond, these cofactors are called double-activated AdoMet analogues. These analogues not only function as cofactors for DNA MTases, like the aziridine cofactors, but also for RNA, protein and small molecule MTases. They are typically used for enzymatic modification of MTase substrates with unique functional groups which are labeled with reporter groups in a second chemical step. This is exemplified in a protocol for fluorescence labeling of histone H3 protein. A small propargyl group is transferred from the cofactor analogue SeAdoYn to the protein by the histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) MTase Set7/9 followed by click labeling of the alkynylated histone H3 with TAMRA azide. MTase-mediated labeling with cofactor analogues is an enabling technology for many exciting applications including identification and functional study of MTase substrates as well as DNA genotyping and methylation detection.
Biochemistry, Issue 93, S-adenosyl-l-methionine, AdoMet, SAM, aziridine cofactor, double activated cofactor, methyltransferase, DNA methylation, protein methylation, biotin labeling, fluorescence labeling, SMILing, mTAG
Enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing for Assessment of DNA Methylation at Base Pair Resolution
Institutions: Weill Cornell Medical College, Weill Cornell Medical College, Weill Cornell Medical College, University of Michigan.
DNA methylation pattern mapping is heavily studied in normal and diseased tissues. A variety of methods have been established to interrogate the cytosine methylation patterns in cells. Reduced representation of whole genome bisulfite sequencing was developed to detect quantitative base pair resolution cytosine methylation patterns at GC-rich genomic loci. This is accomplished by combining the use of a restriction enzyme followed by bisulfite conversion. Enhanced Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (ERRBS) increases the biologically relevant genomic loci covered and has been used to profile cytosine methylation in DNA from human, mouse and other organisms. ERRBS initiates with restriction enzyme digestion of DNA to generate low molecular weight fragments for use in library preparation. These fragments are subjected to standard library construction for next generation sequencing. Bisulfite conversion of unmethylated cytosines prior to the final amplification step allows for quantitative base resolution of cytosine methylation levels in covered genomic loci. The protocol can be completed within four days. Despite low complexity in the first three bases sequenced, ERRBS libraries yield high quality data when using a designated sequencing control lane. Mapping and bioinformatics analysis is then performed and yields data that can be easily integrated with a variety of genome-wide platforms. ERRBS can utilize small input material quantities making it feasible to process human clinical samples and applicable in a range of research applications. The video produced demonstrates critical steps of the ERRBS protocol.
Genetics, Issue 96, Epigenetics, bisulfite sequencing, DNA methylation, genomic DNA, 5-methylcytosine, high-throughput
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Based Developmental Toxicity Assays for Chemical Safety Screening and Systems Biology Data Generation
Institutions: University of Cologne, University of Konstanz, Technical University of Dortmund, Technical University of Dortmund.
Efficient protocols to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells to various tissues in combination with -omics technologies opened up new horizons for in vitro
toxicity testing of potential drugs. To provide a solid scientific basis for such assays, it will be important to gain quantitative information on the time course of development and on the underlying regulatory mechanisms by systems biology approaches. Two assays have therefore been tuned here for these requirements. In the UKK test system, human embryonic stem cells (hESC) (or other pluripotent cells) are left to spontaneously differentiate for 14 days in embryoid bodies, to allow generation of cells of all three germ layers. This system recapitulates key steps of early human embryonic development, and it can predict human-specific early embryonic toxicity/teratogenicity, if cells are exposed to chemicals during differentiation. The UKN1 test system is based on hESC differentiating to a population of neuroectodermal progenitor (NEP) cells for 6 days. This system recapitulates early neural development and predicts early developmental neurotoxicity and epigenetic changes triggered by chemicals. Both systems, in combination with transcriptome microarray studies, are suitable for identifying toxicity biomarkers. Moreover, they may be used in combination to generate input data for systems biology analysis. These test systems have advantages over the traditional toxicological studies requiring large amounts of animals. The test systems may contribute to a reduction of the costs for drug development and chemical safety evaluation. Their combination sheds light especially on compounds that may influence neurodevelopment specifically.
Developmental Biology, Issue 100, Human embryonic stem cells, developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, neuroectodermal progenitor cells, immunoprecipitation, differentiation, cytotoxicity, embryopathy, embryoid body
Bile Duct Ligation in Mice: Induction of Inflammatory Liver Injury and Fibrosis by Obstructive Cholestasis
Institutions: RWTH Aachen University, RWTH Aachen University, RWTH Aachen University.
In most vertebrates, the liver produces bile that is necessary to emulsify absorbed fats and enable the digestion of lipids in the small intestine as well as to excrete bilirubin and other metabolic products. In the liver, the experimental obstruction of the extrahepatic biliary system initiates a complex cascade of pathological events that leads to cholestasis and inflammation resulting in a strong fibrotic reaction originating from the periportal fields. Therefore, surgical ligation of the common bile duct has become the most commonly used model to induce obstructive cholestatic injury in rodents and to study the molecular and cellular events that underlie these pathophysiological mechanisms induced by inappropriate bile flow. In recent years, different surgical techniques have been described that either allow reconnection or reanastomosis after bile duct ligation (BDL), e.g.
, partial BDL, or other microsurgical methods for specific research questions. However, the most frequently used model is the complete obstruction of the common bile duct that induces a strong fibrotic response after 21 to 28 days. The mortality rate can be high due to infectious complications or technical inaccuracies. Here we provide a detailed surgical procedure for the BDL model in mice that induce a highly reproducible fibrotic response in accordance to the 3R rule for animal welfare postulated by Russel and Burch in 1959.
Medicine, Issue 96, bile duct ligation, cholestasis, bile obstruction, hepatic fibrosis, inflammation, extracellular matrix, jaundice, mouse
Targeted DNA Methylation Analysis by Next-generation Sequencing
Institutions: University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine.
The role of epigenetic processes in the control of gene expression has been known for a number of years. DNA methylation at cytosine residues is of particular interest for epigenetic studies as it has been demonstrated to be both a long lasting and a dynamic regulator of gene expression. Efforts to examine epigenetic changes in health and disease have been hindered by the lack of high-throughput, quantitatively accurate methods. With the advent and popularization of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, these tools are now being applied to epigenomics in addition to existing genomic and transcriptomic methodologies. For epigenetic investigations of cytosine methylation where regions of interest, such as specific gene promoters or CpG islands, have been identified and there is a need to examine significant numbers of samples with high quantitative accuracy, we have developed a method called Bisulfite Amplicon Sequencing (BSAS). This method combines bisulfite conversion with targeted amplification of regions of interest, transposome-mediated library construction and benchtop NGS. BSAS offers a rapid and efficient method for analysis of up to 10 kb of targeted regions in up to 96 samples at a time that can be performed by most research groups with basic molecular biology skills. The results provide absolute quantitation of cytosine methylation with base specificity. BSAS can be applied to any genomic region from any DNA source. This method is useful for hypothesis testing studies of target regions of interest as well as confirmation of regions identified in genome-wide methylation analyses such as whole genome bisulfite sequencing, reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing.
Molecular Biology, Issue 96, Epigenetics, DNA methylation, next-generation sequencing, bioinformatics, gene expression, cytosine, CpG, gene expression regulation
The Multi-organ Chip - A Microfluidic Platform for Long-term Multi-tissue Coculture
Institutions: Technische Universität Berlin, TissUse GmbH, Fraunhofer IWS.
The ever growing amount of new substances released onto the market and the limited predictability of current in vitro
test systems has led to a high need for new solutions for substance testing. Many drugs that have been removed from the market due to drug-induced liver injury released their toxic potential only after several doses of chronic testing in humans. However, a controlled microenvironment is pivotal for long-term multiple dosing experiments, as even minor alterations in extracellular conditions may greatly influence the cell physiology. We focused within our research program on the generation of a microengineered bioreactor, which can be dynamically perfused by an on-chip pump and combines at least two culture spaces for multi-organ applications. This circulatory system mimics the in vivo
conditions of primary cell cultures better and assures a steadier, more quantifiable extracellular relay of signals to the cells.
For demonstration purposes, human liver equivalents, generated by aggregating differentiated HepaRG cells with human hepatic stellate cells in hanging drop plates, were cocultured with human skin punch biopsies for up to 28 days inside the microbioreactor. The use of cell culture inserts enables the skin to be cultured at an air-liquid interface, allowing topical substance exposure. The microbioreactor system is capable of supporting these cocultures at near physiologic fluid flow and volume-to-liquid ratios, ensuring stable and organotypic culture conditions. The possibility of long-term cultures enables the repeated exposure to substances. Furthermore, a vascularization of the microfluidic channel circuit using human dermal microvascular endothelial cells yields a physiologically more relevant vascular model.
Bioengineering, Issue 98, Multi-organ chip, human-on-a-chip, body-on-a-chip, organs-on-a-chip, microphysiological systems, organoids, tissue engineering, in vitro substance testing, toxicity test, liver, skin, vasculature
Using Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting to Examine Cell-Type-Specific Gene Expression in Rat Brain Tissue
Institutions: University of Delaware.
The brain is comprised of four primary cell types including neurons, astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes. Though they are not the most abundant cell type in the brain, neurons are the most widely studied of these cell types given their direct role in impacting behaviors. Other cell types in the brain also impact neuronal function and behavior via the signaling molecules they produce. Neuroscientists must understand the interactions between the cell types in the brain to better understand how these interactions impact neural function and disease. To date, the most common method of analyzing protein or gene expression utilizes the homogenization of whole tissue samples, usually with blood, and without regard for cell type. This approach is an informative approach for examining general changes in gene or protein expression that may influence neural function and behavior; however, this method of analysis does not lend itself to a greater understanding of cell-type-specific gene expression and the effect of cell-to-cell communication on neural function. Analysis of behavioral epigenetics has been an area of growing focus which examines how modifications of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) structure impact long-term gene expression and behavior; however, this information may only be relevant if analyzed in a cell-type-specific manner given the differential lineage and thus epigenetic markers that may be present on certain genes of individual neural cell types. The Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) technique described below provides a simple and effective way to isolate individual neural cells for the subsequent analysis of gene expression, protein expression, or epigenetic modifications of DNA. This technique can also be modified to isolate more specific neural cell types in the brain for subsequent cell-type-specific analysis.
Neuroscience, Issue 99, Fluorescence activated cell sorting, GLT-1, Thy1, CD11b, real-time PCR, gene expression
Using Quantitative Real-time PCR to Determine Donor Cell Engraftment in a Competitive Murine Bone Marrow Transplantation Model
Institutions: Medical University of South Carolina.
Murine bone marrow transplantation models provide an important tool in measuring hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) functions and determining genes/molecules that regulate HSCs. In these transplant model systems, the function of HSCs is determined by the ability of these cells to engraft and reconstitute lethally irradiated recipient mice. Commonly, the donor cell contribution/engraftment is measured by antibodies to donor- specific cell surface proteins using flow cytometry. However, this method heavily depends on the specificity and the ability of the cell surface marker to differentiate donor-derived cells from recipient-originated cells, which may not be available for all mouse strains. Considering the various backgrounds of genetically modified mouse strains in the market, this cell surface/ flow cytometry-based method has significant limitations especially in mouse strains that lack well-defined surface markers to separate donor cells from congenic recipient cells. Here, we reported a PCR-based technique to determine donor cell engraftment/contribution in transplant recipient mice. We transplanted male donor bone marrow HSCs to lethally irradiated congenic female mice. Peripheral blood samples were collected at different time points post transplantation. Bone marrow samples were obtained at the end of the experiments. Genomic DNA was isolated and the Y chromosome specific gene, Zfy1, was amplified using quantitative Real time PCR. The engraftment of male donor-derived cells in the female recipient mice was calculated against standard curve with known percentage of male vs.
female DNAs. Bcl2 was used as a reference gene to normalize the total DNA amount. Our data suggested that this approach reliably determines donor cell engraftment and provides a useful, yet simple method in measuring hematopoietic cell reconstitution in murine bone marrow transplantation models. Our method can be routinely performed in most laboratories because no costly equipment such as flow cytometry is required.
Medicine, Issue 73, Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology, Genetics, Immunology, Anatomy, Physiology, Cellular Biology, Surgery, Y Chromosome, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, HSC, stem cells, Bone Marrow Transplantation, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, rtPCR, PCR, Chimerism, Y chromosome specific gene, graft, engraftment, isolation, transplantation, cell culture, murine model, animal model
Surgical Procedures for a Rat Model of Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation with Hepatic Arterial Reconstruction
Institutions: RWTH-Aachen University, Kyoto University .
Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats using a whole or partial graft is an indispensable experimental model for transplantation research, such as studies on graft preservation and ischemia-reperfusion injury 1,2
, immunological responses 3,4
, hemodynamics 5,6
, and small-for-size syndrome 7
. The rat OLT is among the most difficult animal models in experimental surgery and demands advanced microsurgical skills that take a long time to learn. Consequently, the use of this model has been limited. Since the reliability and reproducibility of results are key components of the experiments in which such complex animal models are used, it is essential for surgeons who are involved in rat OLT to be trained in well-standardized and sophisticated procedures for this model.
While various techniques and modifications of OLT in rats have been reported 8
since the first model was described by Lee et al. 9
in 1973, the elimination of the hepatic arterial reconstruction 10
and the introduction of the cuff anastomosis technique by Kamada et al. 11
were a major advancement in this model, because they simplified the reconstruction procedures to a great degree. In the model by Kamada et al.
, the hepatic rearterialization was also eliminated. Since rats could survive without hepatic arterial flow after liver transplantation, there was considerable controversy over the value of hepatic arterialization. However, the physiological superiority of the arterialized model has been increasingly acknowledged, especially in terms of preserving the bile duct system 8,12
and the liver integrity 8,13,14
In this article, we present detailed surgical procedures for a rat model of OLT with hepatic arterial reconstruction using a 50% partial graft after ex vivo
liver resection. The reconstruction procedures for each vessel and the bile duct are performed by the following methods: a 7-0 polypropylene continuous suture for the supra- and infrahepatic vena cava; a cuff technique for the portal vein; and a stent technique for the hepatic artery and the bile duct.
Medicine, Issue 73, Biomedical Engineering, Anatomy, Physiology, Immunology, Surgery, liver transplantation, liver, hepatic, partial, orthotopic, split, rat, graft, transplantation, microsurgery, procedure, clinical, technique, artery, arterialization, arterialized, anastomosis, reperfusion, rat, animal model
Single Oocyte Bisulfite Mutagenesis
Institutions: Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Children's Health Research Institute.
Epigenetics encompasses all heritable and reversible modifications to chromatin that alter gene accessibility, and thus are the primary mechanisms for regulating gene transcription1
. DNA methylation is an epigenetic modification that acts predominantly as a repressive mark. Through the covalent addition of a methyl group onto cytosines in CpG dinucleotides, it can recruit additional repressive proteins and histone modifications to initiate processes involved in condensing chromatin and silencing genes2
. DNA methylation is essential for normal development as it plays a critical role in developmental programming, cell differentiation, repression of retroviral elements, X-chromosome inactivation and genomic imprinting.
One of the most powerful methods for DNA methylation analysis is bisulfite mutagenesis. Sodium bisulfite is a DNA mutagen that deaminates cytosines into uracils. Following PCR amplification and sequencing, these conversion events are detected as thymines. Methylated cytosines are protected from deamination and thus remain as cytosines, enabling identification of DNA methylation at the individual nucleotide level3
. Development of the bisulfite mutagenesis assay has advanced from those originally reported4-6
towards ones that are more sensitive and reproducible7
. One key advancement was embedding smaller amounts of DNA in an agarose bead, thereby protecting DNA from the harsh bisulfite treatment8
. This enabled methylation analysis to be performed on pools of oocytes and blastocyst-stage embryos9
. The most sophisticated bisulfite mutagenesis protocol to date is for individual blastocyst-stage embryos10
. However, since blastocysts have on average 64 cells (containing 120-720 pg of genomic DNA), this method is not efficacious for methylation studies on individual oocytes or cleavage-stage embryos.
Taking clues from agarose embedding of minute DNA amounts including oocytes11
, here we present a method whereby oocytes are directly embedded in an agarose and lysis solution bead immediately following retrieval and removal of the zona pellucida from the oocyte. This enables us to bypass the two main challenges of single oocyte bisulfite mutagenesis: protecting a minute amount of DNA from degradation, and subsequent loss during the numerous protocol steps. Importantly, as data are obtained from single oocytes, the issue of PCR bias within pools is eliminated. Furthermore, inadvertent cumulus cell contamination is detectable by this method since any sample with more than one methylation pattern may be excluded from analysis12
. This protocol provides an improved method for successful and reproducible analyses of DNA methylation at the single-cell level and is ideally suited for individual oocytes as well as cleavage-stage embryos.
Genetics, Issue 64, Developmental Biology, Biochemistry, Bisulfite mutagenesis, DNA methylation, individual oocyte, individual embryo, mouse model, PCR, epigenetics
Transplantation of Whole Kidney Marrow in Adult Zebrafish
Institutions: Harvard Medical School.
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are a rare population of pluripotent cells that maintain all the differentiated blood lineages throughout the life of an organism. The functional definition of a HSC is a transplanted cell that has the ability to reconstitute all the blood lineages of an irradiated recipient long term. This designation was established by decades of seminal work in mammalian systems. Using hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and reverse genetic manipulations in the mouse, the underlying regulatory factors of HSC biology are beginning to be unveiled, but are still largely under-explored. Recently, the zebrafish has emerged as a powerful genetic model to study vertebrate hematopoiesis. Establishing HCT in zebrafish will allow scientists to utilize the large-scale genetic and chemical screening methodologies available in zebrafish to reveal novel mechanisms underlying HSC regulation. In this article, we demonstrate a method to perform HCT in adult zebrafish. We show the dissection and preparation of zebrafish whole kidney marrow, the site of adult hematopoiesis in the zebrafish, and the introduction of these donor cells into the circulation of irradiated recipient fish via intracardiac injection. Additionally, we describe the post-transplant care of fish in an "ICU" to increase their long-term health. In general, gentle care of the fish before, during, and after the transplant is critical to increase the number of fish that will survive more than one month following the procedure, which is essential for assessment of long term (<3 month) engraftment. The experimental data used to establish this protocol will be published elsewhere. The establishment of this protocol will allow for the merger of large-scale zebrafish genetics and transplant biology.
Developmental Biology, Issue 2, zebrafish, HSC, stem cells, transplant
Derivation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells
Institutions: Harvard Medical School.
A stem cell is defined as a cell with the capacity to both self-renew and generate multiple differentiated progeny. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are derived from the blastocyst of the early embryo and are pluripotent in differentiative ability. Their vast differentiative potential has made them the focus of much research centered on deducing how to coax them to generate clinically useful cell types. The successful derivation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from mouse ESC has recently been accomplished and can be visualized in this video protocol. HSC, arguably the most clinically exploited cell population, are used to treat a myriad of hematopoietic malignancies and disorders. However, many patients that might benefit from HSC therapy lack access to suitable donors. ESC could provide an alternative source of HSC for these patients. The following protocol establishes a baseline from which ESC-HSC can be studied and inform efforts to isolate HSC from human ESC. In this protocol, ESC are differentiated as embryoid bodies (EBs) for 6 days in commercially available serum pre-screened for optimal hematopoietic differentiation. EBs are then dissociated and infected with retroviral HoxB4. Infected EB-derived cells are plated on OP9 stroma, a bone marrow stromal cell line derived from the calvaria of M-CSF-/- mice, and co-cultured in the presence of hematopoiesis promoting cytokines for ten days. During this co-culture, the infected cells expand greatly, resulting in the generation a heterogeneous pool of 100s of millions of cells. These cells can then be used to rescue and reconstitute lethally irradiated mice.
Cellular Biology, Issue 2, ES cells, stem cells, HSC, transplantation, HoxB4
Isolation and Analysis of Hematopoietic Stem Cells from the Placenta
Institutions: University of California, Los Angeles.
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have the ability to self-renew and generate all cell types of the blood lineages throughout the lifetime of an individual. All HSCs emerge during embryonic development, after which their pool size is maintained by self-renewing cell divisions. Identifying the anatomical origin of HSCs and the critical developmental events regulating the process of HSC development has been complicated as many anatomical sites participate during fetal hematopoiesis. Recently, we identified the placenta as a major hematopoietic organ where HSCs are generated and expanded in unique microenvironmental niches (Gekas, et al 2005, Rhodes, et al 2008). Consequently, the placenta is an important source of HSCs during their emergence and initial expansion.
In this article, we show dissection techniques for the isolation of murine placenta from E10.5 and E12.5 embryos, corresponding to the developmental stages of initiation of HSCs and the peak in the size of the HSC pool in the placenta, respectively. In addition, we present an optimized protocol for enzymatic and mechanical dissociation of placental tissue into single-cell suspension for use in flow cytometry or functional assays. We have found that use of collagenase for single-cell suspension of placenta gives sufficient yields of HSCs. An important factor affecting HSC yield from the placenta is the degree of mechanical dissociation prior to, and duration of, enzymatic treatment.
We also provide a protocol for the preparation of fixed-frozen placental tissue sections for the visualization of developing HSCs by immunohistochemistry in their precise cellular niches. As hematopoietic specific antigens are not preserved during preparation of paraffin embedded sections, we routinely use fixed frozen sections for localizing placental HSCs and progenitors.
Cell Biology, Issue 16, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), placenta, fetal, dissection, collagenase, fixed-frozen sections, immunohistochemistry
Seven Steps to Stellate Cells
Institutions: Harvard Medical School.
Hepatic stellate cells are liver-resident cells of star-like morphology and are located in the space of Disse between liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes1,2
. Stellate cells are derived from bone marrow precursors and store up to 80% of the total body vitamin A1, 2
. Upon activation, stellate cells differentiate into myofibroblasts to produce extracellular matrix, thus contributing to liver fibrosis3
. Based on their ability to contract, myofibroblastic stellate cells can regulate the vascular tone associated with portal hypertension4
. Recently, we demonstrated that hepatic stellate cells are potent antigen presenting cells and can activate NKT cells as well as conventional T lymphocytes5
Here we present a method for the efficient preparation of hepatic stellate cells from mouse liver. Due to their perisinusoidal localization, the isolation of hepatic stellate cells is a multi-step process. In order to render stellate cells accessible to isolation from the space of Disse, mouse livers are perfused in situ
with the digestive enzymes Pronase E and Collagenase P. Following perfusion, the liver tissue is subjected to additional enzymatic treatment with Pronase E and Collagenase P in vitro
. Subsequently, the method takes advantage of the massive amount of vitamin A-storing lipid droplets in hepatic stellate cells. This feature allows the separation of stellate cells from other hepatic cell types by centrifugation on an 8% Nycodenz gradient. The protocol described here yields a highly pure and homogenous population of stellate cells. Purity of preparations can be assessed by staining for the marker molecule glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), prior to analysis by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. Further, light microscopy reveals the unique appearance of star-shaped hepatic stellate cells that harbor high amounts of lipid droplets.
Taken together, we present a detailed protocol for the efficient isolation of hepatic stellate cells, including representative images of their morphological appearance and GFAP expression that help to define the stellate cell entity.
Immunology, Issue 51, Hepatic Stellate Cell, Ito Cell, Liver Immunology, Retinoic Acid, Cell Isolation
DNA Methylation: Bisulphite Modification and Analysis
Institutions: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of NSW.
Epigenetics describes the heritable changes in gene function that occur independently to the DNA sequence. The molecular basis of epigenetic gene regulation is complex, but essentially involves modifications to the DNA itself or the proteins with which DNA associates. The predominant epigenetic modification of DNA in mammalian genomes is methylation of cytosine nucleotides (5-MeC). DNA methylation provides instruction to gene expression machinery as to where and when the gene should be expressed. The primary target sequence for DNA methylation in mammals is 5'-CpG-3' dinucleotides (Figure 1). CpG dinucleotides are not uniformly distributed throughout the genome, but are concentrated in regions of repetitive genomic sequences and CpG "islands" commonly associated with gene promoters (Figure 1). DNA methylation patterns are established early in development, modulated during tissue specific differentiation and disrupted in many disease states including cancer. To understand the biological role of DNA methylation and its role in human disease, precise, efficient and reproducible methods are required to detect and quantify individual 5-MeCs.
This protocol for bisulphite conversion is the "gold standard" for DNA methylation analysis and facilitates identification and quantification of DNA methylation at single nucleotide resolution. The chemistry of cytosine deamination by sodium bisulphite involves three steps (Figure 2). (1) Sulphonation: The addition of bisulphite to the 5-6 double bond of cytosine (2) Hydrolic Deamination: hydrolytic deamination of the resulting cytosine-bisulphite derivative to give a uracil-bisulphite derivative (3) Alkali Desulphonation: Removal of the sulphonate group by an alkali treatment, to give uracil. Bisulphite preferentially deaminates cytosine to uracil in single stranded DNA, whereas 5-MeC, is refractory to bisulphite-mediated deamination. Upon PCR amplification, uracil is amplified as thymine while 5-MeC residues remain as cytosines, allowing methylated CpGs to be distinguished from unmethylated CpGs by presence of a cytosine "C" versus thymine "T" residue during sequencing.
DNA modification by bisulphite conversion is a well-established protocol that can be exploited for many methods of DNA methylation analysis. Since the detection of 5-MeC by bisulphite conversion was first demonstrated by Frommer et al.1
and Clark et al.2
, methods based around bisulphite conversion of genomic DNA account for the majority of new data on DNA methylation. Different methods of post PCR analysis may be utilized, depending on the degree of specificity and resolution of methylation required. Cloning and sequencing is still the most readily available method that can give single nucleotide resolution for methylation across the DNA molecule.
Genetics, Issue 56, epigenetics, DNA methylation, Bisulphite, 5-methylcytosine (5-MeC), PCR
Isolation of CD133+ Liver Stem Cells for Clonal Expansion
Institutions: Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, School of Medicine.
Liver stem cell, or oval cells, proliferate during chronic liver injury, and are proposed to differentiate into both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. In addition, liver stem cells are hypothesized to be the precursors for a subset of liver cancer, Hepatocellular carcinoma. One of the primary challenges to stem cell work in any solid organ like the liver is the isolation of a rare population of cells for detailed analysis. For example, the vast majority of cells in the liver are hepatocytes (parenchymal fraction), which are significantly larger than non-parenchymal cells. By enriching the specific cellular compartments of the liver (i.e. parenchymal and non-parenchymal fractions), and selecting for CD45 negative cells, we are able to enrich the starting population of stem cells by over 600-fold.The proceduresdetailed in this report allow for a relatively rare population of cells from a solid organ to be sorted efficiently. This process can be utilized to isolateliver stem cells from normal murine liver as well as chronic liver injury models, which demonstrate increased liver stem cell proliferation. This method has clear advantages over standard immunohistochemistry of frozen or formalin fixed liver as functional studies using live cells can be performed after initial co-localization experiments. To accomplish the procedure outlined in this report, a working relationship with a research based flow-cytometry core is strongly encouraged as the details of FACS isolation are highly dependent on specialized instrumentation and a strong working knowledge of basic flow-cytometry procedures. The specific goal of this process is to isolate a population of liver stem cells that can be clonally expanded in vitro
Developmental Biology, Issue 56, CD133, liver stem cell, oval cell, liver cancer stem cell, stem cell, cell isolation, non-parenchymal fraction of liver, flow cytometry
Application of MassSQUIRM for Quantitative Measurements of Lysine Demethylase Activity
Institutions: University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences .
Recently, epigenetic regulators have been discovered as key players in many different diseases 1-3
. As a result, these enzymes are prime targets for small molecule studies and drug development 4
. Many epigenetic regulators have only recently been discovered and are still in the process of being classified. Among these enzymes are lysine demethylases which remove methyl groups from lysines on histones and other proteins. Due to the novel nature of this class of enzymes, few assays have been developed to study their activity. This has been a road block to both the classification and high throughput study of histone demethylases. Currently, very few demethylase assays exist. Those that do exist tend to be qualitative in nature and cannot simultaneously discern between the different lysine methylation states (un-, mono-, di- and tri-). Mass spectrometry is commonly used to determine demethylase activity but current mass spectrometric assays do not address whether differentially methylated peptides ionize differently. Differential ionization of methylated peptides makes comparing methylation states difficult and certainly not quantitative (Figure 1A). Thus available assays are not optimized for the comprehensive analysis of demethylase activity.
Here we describe a method called MassSQUIRM (mass spectrometric quantitation using isotopic reductive methylation) that is based on reductive methylation of amine groups with deuterated formaldehyde to force all lysines to be di-methylated, thus making them essentially the same chemical species and therefore ionize the same (Figure 1B). The only chemical difference following the reductive methylation is hydrogen and deuterium, which does not affect MALDI ionization efficiencies. The MassSQUIRM assay is specific for demethylase reaction products with un-, mono- or di-methylated lysines. The assay is also applicable to lysine methyltransferases giving the same reaction products. Here, we use a combination of reductive methylation chemistry and MALDI mass spectrometry to measure the activity of LSD1, a lysine demethylase capable of removing di- and mono-methyl groups, on a synthetic peptide substrate 5
. This assay is simple and easily amenable to any lab with access to a MALDI mass spectrometer in lab or through a proteomics facility. The assay has ~8-fold dynamic range and is readily scalable to plate format 5
Molecular Biology, Issue 61, LSD1, lysine demethylase, mass spectrometry, reductive methylation, demethylase quantification
The CYP2D6 Animal Model: How to Induce Autoimmune Hepatitis in Mice
Institutions: Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt.
Autoimmune hepatitis is a rare but life threatening autoimmune disease of the liver of unknown etiology1,2
. In the past many attempts have been made to generate an animal model that reflects the characteristics of the human disease 3-5
. However, in various models the induction of disease was rather complex and often hepatitis was only transient3-5
. Therefore, we have developed a straightforward mouse model that uses the major human autoantigen in type 2 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH-2), namely hCYP2D6, as a trigger6
. Type 1 liver-kidney microsomal antibodies (LKM-1) antibodies recognizing hCYP2D6 are the hallmark of AIH-27,8
. Delivery of hCYP2D6 into wildtype FVB or C57BL/6 mice was by an Adenovirus construct (Ad-2D6) that ensures a direct delivery of the triggering antigen to the liver. Thus, the ensuing local inflammation generates a fertile field9
for the subsequent development of autoimmunity. A combination of intravenous and intraperitoneal injection of Ad-2D6 is the most effective route to induce a long-lasting autoimmune damage to the liver (section 1). Here we provide a detailed protocol on how autoimmune liver disease is induced in the CYP2D6 model and how the different aspects of liver damage can be assessed. First, the serum levels of markers indicating hepatocyte destruction, such as aminotransferases, as well as the titers of hCYP2D6 antibodies are determined by sampling blood retroorbitaly (section 2). Second, the hCYP2D6-specific T cell response is characterized by collecting lymphocytes from the spleen and the liver. In order to obtain pure liver lymphocytes, the livers are perfused by PBS via the portal vein (section 3), digested in collagen and purified over a Percoll gradient (section 4). The frequency of hCYP2D6-specific T cells is analyzed by stimulation with hCYP2D6 peptides and identification of IFNγ-producing cells by flow cytometry (section 5). Third, cellular infiltration and fibrosis is determined by immunohistochemistry of liver sections (section 6). Such analysis regimen has to be conducted at several times after initiation of the disease in order to prove the chronic nature of the model. The magnitude of the immune response characterized by the frequency and activity of hCYP2D6-specific T and/or B cells and the degree of the liver damage and fibrosis have to be assessed for a subsequent evaluation of possible treatments to prevent, delay or abrogate the autodestructive process of the liver.
Medicine, Issue 60, autoimmunity, liver, autoantigen, fibrosis, perfusion
Isolation of Rat Portal Fibroblasts by In situ Liver Perfusion
Institutions: The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania .
Liver fibrosis is defined by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix by activated myofibroblasts. There are multiple precursors of hepatic myofibroblasts, including hepatic stellate cells, portal fibroblasts and bone marrow derived fibroblasts 1
. Hepatic stellate cells have been the best studied, but portal fibroblasts are increasingly recognized as important contributors to the myofibroblast pool, particularly in biliary fibrosis 2
. Portal fibroblasts undergo proliferation in response to biliary epithelial injury, potentially playing a key role in the early stages of biliary scarring 3-5
. A method of isolating portal fibroblasts would allow in vitro
study of this cell population and lead to greater understanding of the role portal fibroblasts play in biliary fibrosis.
Portal fibroblasts have been isolated using various techniques including outgrowth 6, 7
and liver perfusion with enzymatic digestion followed by size selection 8
. The advantage of the digestion and size selection technique compared to the outgrowth technique is that cells can be studied without the necessity of passage in culture. Here, we describe a modified version of the original technique described by Kruglov and Dranoff 8
for isolation of portal fibroblasts from rat liver that results in a relatively pure population of primary cells.
Physiology, Issue 64, Medicine, Liver, fibrosis, portal fibroblast, liver perfusion, myofibroblast, biliary fibrosis
Preparation of Parasagittal Slices for the Investigation of Dorsal-ventral Organization of the Rodent Medial Entorhinal Cortex
Institutions: University of Edinburgh , University of Edinburgh .
Computation in the brain relies on neurons responding appropriately to their synaptic inputs. Neurons differ in their complement and distribution of membrane ion channels that determine how they respond to synaptic inputs. However, the relationship between these cellular properties and neuronal function in behaving animals is not well understood. One approach to this problem is to investigate topographically organized neural circuits in which the position of individual neurons maps onto information they encode or computations they carry out1
. Experiments using this approach suggest principles for tuning of synaptic responses underlying information encoding in sensory and cognitive circuits2,3
The topographical organization of spatial representations along the dorsal-ventral axis of the medial entorhinal cortex (MEC) provides an opportunity to establish relationships between cellular mechanisms and computations important for spatial cognition. Neurons in layer II of the rodent MEC encode location using grid-like firing fields4-6
. For neurons found at dorsal positions in the MEC the distance between the individual firing fields that form a grid is on the order of 30 cm, whereas for neurons at progressively more ventral positions this distance increases to greater than 1 m. Several studies have revealed cellular properties of neurons in layer II of the MEC that, like the spacing between grid firing fields, also differ according to their dorsal-ventral position, suggesting that these cellular properties are important for spatial computation2,7-10
Here we describe procedures for preparation and electrophysiological recording from brain slices that maintain the dorsal-ventral extent of the MEC enabling investigation of the topographical organization of biophysical and anatomical properties of MEC neurons. The dorsal-ventral position of identified neurons relative to anatomical landmarks is difficult to establish accurately with protocols that use horizontal slices of MEC7,8,11,12
, as it is difficult to establish reference points for the exact dorsal-ventral location of the slice. The procedures we describe enable accurate and consistent measurement of location of recorded cells along the dorsal-ventral axis of the MEC as well as visualization of molecular gradients2,10
. The procedures have been developed for use with adult mice (> 28 days) and have been successfully employed with mice up to 1.5 years old. With adjustments they could be used with younger mice or other rodent species. A standardized system of preparation and measurement will aid systematic investigation of the cellular and microcircuit properties of this area.
Neuroscience, Issue 61, Parasagittal slice, Medial Entorhinal Cortex, Stellate cell, Grid cell, Synaptic integration, Topographic map
Long Term Intravital Multiphoton Microscopy Imaging of Immune Cells in Healthy and Diseased Liver Using CXCR6.Gfp Reporter Mice
Institutions: RWTH University-Hospital Aachen, RWTH University-Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, RWTH University-Hospital Aachen.
Liver inflammation as a response to injury is a highly dynamic process involving the infiltration of distinct subtypes of leukocytes including monocytes, neutrophils, T cell subsets, B cells, natural killer (NK) and NKT cells. Intravital microscopy of the liver for monitoring immune cell migration is particularly challenging due to the high requirements regarding sample preparation and fixation, optical resolution and long-term animal survival. Yet, the dynamics of inflammatory processes as well as cellular interaction studies could provide critical information to better understand the initiation, progression and regression of inflammatory liver disease. Therefore, a highly sensitive and reliable method was established to study migration and cell-cell-interactions of different immune cells in mouse liver over long periods (about 6 hr) by intravital two-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) in combination with intensive care monitoring.
The method provided includes a gentle preparation and stable fixation of the liver with minimal perturbation of the organ; long term intravital imaging using multicolor multiphoton microscopy with virtually no photobleaching or phototoxic effects over a time period of up to 6 hr, allowing tracking of specific leukocyte subsets; and stable imaging conditions due to extensive monitoring of mouse vital parameters and stabilization of circulation, temperature and gas exchange.
To investigate lymphocyte migration upon liver inflammation CXCR6.gfp knock-in mice were subjected to intravital liver imaging under baseline conditions and after acute and chronic liver damage induced by intraperitoneal injection(s) of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4
CXCR6 is a chemokine receptor expressed on lymphocytes, mainly on Natural Killer T (NKT)-, Natural Killer (NK)- and subsets of T lymphocytes such as CD4 T cells but also mucosal associated invariant (MAIT) T cells1
. Following the migratory pattern and positioning of CXCR6.gfp+
immune cells allowed a detailed insight into their altered behavior upon liver injury and therefore their potential involvement in disease progression.
Immunology, Issue 97, intravital imaging, TPLSM, two-photon microscopy, liver, migration, microscopy, leukocyte traffic, inflammation | <urn:uuid:fd5f2af4-0093-4151-8184-38f72389bb32> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jove.com/visualize/abstract/26065684/epigenetic-changes-during-hepatic-stellate-cell-activation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00309-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.909095 | 11,632 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Animated gif showing Dr. Colbert's explanation of how water is made, The Colbert Report, March 20, 2008.
- Step 1:The Sun causes water to evaporate,
- Step 2: condensing into clouds
- Step 3: Then feminists and taxes make God cry
- Step 4: Thus, the ocean is replenished
This image is for parody use only.
Copyright © 1995-2017 Comedy Central. All rights Reserved
This image was not retrieved through Comedy Central's Motherload website, but through iTunes.This material is distributed for parody purposes. Wikiality.com has no affiliation whatsoever with Viacom, the originator of this image, file or information. Wikiality.com has no affiliation with iTunes or Apple Incorporated. Wikiality.com is also not endorsed or sponsored by Viacom, iTunes or Apple Incorporated.
Appears on these pages
Precipitation (thing) Common Names: "rain" or "sleat" or "snow"
Dr. Colbert wishes his Jew Friend "Happy Gun Day". His Jewness brought a caulk gun with a...
This is a very special Special Report, where Dr. Colbert explains what it is with water. The Sun...
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
|current||05:24, March 22, 2008||200 × 145 (41 KB)||WatchTVEatDonutDrinkBeer||Animated gif showing Dr. Colbert's explanation of how water is made, <i>The Colbert Report</i>, March 20, 2008. * Step 1:The Sun causes water to evaporate, * Step 2: condensing into clouds * Step 3: Then feminists and taxes make God cry * Step 4: Thus, t| | <urn:uuid:2454b6bd-170b-4d18-a5dd-c4e640a50f65> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wikiality.wikia.com/wiki/File:HowWaterMade1.gif | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00263-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.872293 | 373 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Love is the engine that drives all of the girl’s behavior in ‘‘How I Contemplated.’’ She may be misguided, self-destructive, and immature, but the narrator’s actions all derive from her desire to be loved. Despite their generosity, the girl’s parents seem unable to give her the attention and unguarded affection that she craves. She describes her mother as icy, distant, and artfully constructed and her father as powerful, distracted, and unavailable. As we learn through several references in the story, the narrator’s older brother, away at college, engages in the same desperate attention-getting behaviors.
In the narrator’s eyes, the mother possesses an other-wordly charm and poise that she feels she can neither live up to nor puncture. Her mother is ‘‘a lady . . . self-conscious and unreal.’’ She has ‘‘hair like blown-up gold and finer than gold, hair and fingers and body of inestimable grace.’’ She is, above all, too busy and too self-absorbed to pay attention when her daughter is caught stealing from the ‘‘excellent’’ store. The mother’s awkward and ineffective way of showing affection for her daughter is to buy her things in the hope that she will transform herself from an awkward, sullen teenager to a polished artifact like herself. The narrator recalls shopping with her mother, listening to her urging ‘‘why don’t you want this, try this on, take this with you to the fitting room, take this also, what’s wrong with you, what can I do for you, why are you so strange . . .?’’ The narrator wants to tell her mother that she ‘‘wanted to steal but not to buy,’’ but decides not to.
The narrator’s father is described not so much in terms of his appearance (like the mother is), but rather in terms of what he does; he is defined by his actions. The narrator’s father’s reaction to problems is to fix them. He handles his daughter’s shoplifting episode in the same clinical, pragmatic manner that he uses to treat patients. He gets in touch with the store owner and makes the problem go away. He is completely blind to the fact that his daughter’s behavior is a cry for his attention, not his expertise. The narrator recalls poignantly that her father is out of town at a medical convention when she was arrested in the department...
(The entire section is 951 words.) | <urn:uuid:de9faf92-5b25-4367-b5c6-4d24e483d69b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.enotes.com/topics/contemplated-world/themes | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00280-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976659 | 566 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Midogen – No one particular is at any time able to cease the growing older approach. Spend your time correctly as you age. Read the subsequent guidelines for some suggestions on how to be at your greatest.
Your property is your refuge. Fill it with the factors that you love. If you enjoy to be around your family, fill it with them. If they are not able to be all around as frequently as you would like, fill it with the issues that remind you of them. If animals make you pleased, adopt a pet that you can adore.
Be alive while you are alive. Several unfortunate factors are going to occur in your existence. You should consider the time to grieve and then endure the soreness that you encounter. Do not devote way too significantly time holding onto those agonizing feelings. They will absolutely bring you down and out.
Go for typical preventive overall health verify-ups with your neighborhood medical professional. As you get older, your entire body is much more inclined to condition and damage. By obtaining regular check-ups, you could detect and deal with modest well being troubles ahead of they change into bigger difficulties. It is also recommended that you go to dental and eyes check out-ups as well.
Exercising is necessary for healthy getting older. Standard exercising can hold off or prevent heart condition and Diabetic issues as well as reduce the soreness of Arthritis, melancholy and anxiousness. Four varieties should be followed: aerobics to develop stamina and maintain your coronary heart and blood vessels healthier strength instruction to decrease age-relevant decline of muscle stretching to keep your entire body adaptable and equilibrium exercises to lessen your chances of slipping.
Remaining properly hydrated has by no means been far more essential to you than now! Growing older is hard on the entire body and offering it with loads of h2o will help flush poisons, carry nutrients to cells, hydrate pores and skin and make it less complicated on each purpose of your body! Most specialists advocate about 8 glasses of h2o every working day, so drink up for healthier ageing!
As you get age, so does your brain. Studies have shown that performing exercises your mind is as important as doing exercises your physique. Memory exercise routines will increase the mind and support stave off memory disease or dementia. Little workout routines like memorizing ten objects as you consider a stroll through your community, then composing them down when you get home is a great case in point to the mind nimble and notify.
Eating small quantities of meals much more usually for the duration of the working day alternatively of huge, weighty foods all at when, will operate wonders for your entire method, and assist you to control fat achieve as you age! Your capability to soak up vitamins is greatly aided by regular, modest parts of foods and can also minimize down on your heartburn. So prepare these mini-foods out in progress and stick to the software. Your entire body will thank you for it!
You can consider a variety of actions to make sure your retirement many years are not only fulfilling but also fruitful. Make sure to maintain your mind and physique in very good condition so you can have a great time the remainder of your life. You can discover more data from articles this kind of as this and from different newsletters specific at men and women like you. If you attempt out new factors and keep lively you will take pleasure in the later a long time of your life. | <urn:uuid:1ca281b3-1b98-4c09-9a60-17d04331f759> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://skyquit1.edublogs.org/2016/04/08/midogen-dressing-stylishly-and-effectively-in-your-senior-a-long-time/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.958909 | 698 | 2.125 | 2 |
Excavated in 1901 from the Adena Mound, this pipe is the oldest known three-dimensional representation of a human found in eastern North America. The Adena culture (800 B.C.E. to 100 C.E.) flourished in southeastern Indiana, southwestern Pennsylvania, the Scioto River and Hocking Valleys of southern Ohio, and the Kanawha Valley near Charleston, West Virginia—well over a millennium before contact with European settlers.
The Adena Pipe—Ohio’s state artifact as of 2013—was discovered in the burial of an adult male. Although tubular pipes were common among the Adena people, the effigy of this pipe is unique. Carved from Ohio pipestone and measuring 8 inches long, the pipe depicts a man (perhaps a shaman or medicine man) wearing a loincloth—decorated with a feather bustle at the back—and ear spools. Mostly hollow, the pipe would have been used to smoke tobacco, a widespread practice among Adena people.
This rare example of Adena craftsmanship can be viewed at the Ohio History Connection in Columbus, Ohio. | <urn:uuid:0a985034-b9b8-47c7-830d-e8d7354a1852> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/45/3/21 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.944765 | 231 | 3.78125 | 4 |
Improving On-Farm Food Safety Through Good Irrigation Practices
Table of Contents
Water is important in crop production because it is used in many activities such as irrigating, washing and cooling. Irrigation water can spread pathogens, microorganisms that cause disease in humans, such as Salmonella spp., E. coli O157:H7 and Cryptosporidium parvum (also known as "Crypto"). Every time contaminated water comes in direct contact with fruit or vegetables, there is a risk that these pathogens may be transferred to the produce.
Testing irrigation water for pathogens and keeping water test records are good agriculture practices and an important part of an on-farm food safety planning. This Factsheet discusses the potential risks associated with irrigation water, guidelines for testing irrigation water, interpretation of test results and best management practices for preventing contamination of fruit and vegetable crops with irrigation water.
The microbial risk depends on:
Type of Pathogen
For some pathogens, e.g. E. coli O157:H7, the ingestion of only a few (less than 10) cells may be enough to cause illness. The risk of someone ingesting one or more pathogens depends on that pathogens ability to survive on the produce.
The very young (under five years of age), the elderly and those who are immune compromised are most susceptible to food-borne illness from low levels of pathogens. According to the latest figures from Statistics Canada, the fastest growing segment of the Canadian population is aged 80 and over.
Fruit and vegetables with large surface areas that can trap and hold moisture, such as lettuce, are at greater risk of containing living pathogens. Fruit or vegetables that are eaten raw or unpeeled present a higher risk. Processing or cooking produce reduces the potential for pathogens to survive.
Irrigation water comes from two main sources: surface water or ground water. Surface water includes lakes, rivers, creeks, ponds and springs that come to the surface. Wells are ground water sources. In Ontario, surface water is the most common source for irrigation. Generally, water from surface sources has a higher chance of contamination than water from ground water sources.
Water can be contaminated by:
Surface water sources have the most variable levels of contamination because they may be subject to temporary or intermittent contamination sources. Rivers, streams and creeks have unpredictable water quality since activities upstream can rapidly change the levels of contamination entering the flowing water. Lakes tend to have better water quality; however, this may be compromised near an inflow from a river or creek or by activities causing contamination around or on the lake. The water quality in a pond depends on the source of the water for the pond and how well the pond is protected from further contamination. Ponds filled by a river, ditch or runoff will tend to have lower water quality than a pond filled by ground water, a spring or well.
When heavy rainfall occurs, the added volume can stir up the sediment at the bottom of a pond, creek or river. This sediment-laden water can contain higher levels of bacteria than calm water because bacteria tend to stick to sediment particles.
Irrigation water taken directly from a well or a municipal source generally provides water of the most reliable quality. Ground water has gone through a natural filtration process as it travels through soil layers into the aquifer. There is still a potential for contamination to occur and well users must be vigilant in properly siting, constructing, maintaining and decommissioning their wells.
Methods of irrigation in Ontario include overhead (sprinkler) irrigation or trickle (drip) irrigation. Irrigation water that does not contact the edible part of the plant, such as trickle irrigation, is considered a lower risk for contaminating produce. Mini-sprinklers that apply water below the crop canopy present less risk than overhead sprinklers or pivots.
Timing of irrigation
Although there has been little research in this area, the risk of ingesting pathogens is higher when the product comes in contact with contaminated water near harvest time or during post harvest handling. The pathogen is more likely to still be alive when there is only a short period between contamination and consumption.
Taking a sample
Water samples collected for microbial analysis can be easily contaminated. Tools and containers for collecting and storing the sample should be clean and free from microorganisms. Most laboratories will provide a sterile container on request.
Collect the water sample at the point where it contacts produce - such as out of an irrigation line. Another option is to sample the source water directly. When sampling surface water, use a weighted pail or sampling cup to get the sample as close to the intake as possible. If sampling out of an irrigation system, allow the system to run for at least 15 minutes before taking a sample at the end of a drip line or sprinkler head. Refrigerate the water sample immediately and have it transported under refrigerated conditions to a lab within 24 hours.
Choosing a laboratory for sample analysis
Local health units may provide testing services. A list of Ontario municipal health units may be found on the Ministry of Health website.
Several laboratories in Ontario perform microbial water testing. Choose a laboratory that has third party accreditation with a recognized body (e.g. Standards Council of Canada). For more information on labs accredited for specific tests check the Canadian Association for Environmental Analytical Laboratories website.
The Ministry of the Environment has a list of licensed laboratories that perform drinking water testing.
Notify the lab of the source of the water sample (surface water or well water) because there are different standards for drinking and irrigation water. Keep copies of all test results on file. If using municipal water, get copies of water quality reports from the municipality and keep these in your files.
Frequency of testing
The frequency of water testing depends on the risk factors already described (e.g. crop type) and the variability of the water source (e.g. municipal versus river). Test water from higher risk or variable sources more frequently. Some on-farm food safety programs recommend that closed, underground or capped well systems be tested annually at the beginning of the growing season and surface water be tested at least quarterly during the crop season. However, for higher risk crops such as lettuce, some buyers require their producers to test water monthly.
Keep in mind that water contamination is often intermittent and pathogens do not distribute uniformly in water. Therefore, even a negative test does not guarantee the absence of pathogenic bacteria. Regular testing increases the opportunity to discover contamination.
Washing and Cooling water
Water used for washing and cooling of fresh, ready-to-eat fruit and vegetables must be of potable quality - meaning the water must comply with Ontario Drinking Water Quality Standards.
Ontario Drinking Water Quality Standards (Safe Drinking Water Act, 2002 - O.Reg. 169/03)
Water used for irrigation should comply with the Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for Irrigation Water.
Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for Irrigation Water
Fecal coliforms or generic E. coli are used as indicators of fecal contamination in the water, which indicate that pathogens may be present. If pathogens are in the irrigation water it may potentially contaminate the produce. While testing for specific pathogens is possible, it is less expensive to test for an indicator organism that will indicate the potential for pathogens in the water.
What makes an ideal test for indicators of fecal contamination? It should detect the presence of microorganisms that: 1) are present only when contamination from a fecal source has taken place; 2) have the same survival characteristics as the target pathogen for which they are acting as a stand in; 3) do not readily grow in water or soil; 4) are readily monitored in a quick and easy manner. At the present time, no indicators in common use meet all these criteria. Finding "best" indicators and appropriate tests for their presence is an active area of research.
The most commonly used indicators for microbial quality of water are total coliforms, fecal coliforms and generic E. coli (Figure 1).
It is important to remember that not finding an indicator organism does not guarantee absence of pathogenic bacteria nor does it mean that contamination cannot or will not occur.
Protect your water source in order to safeguard the quality of your water. Establish a buffer (area free from contaminants) around your pond, well or stream. Limit access by wildlife and domestic animals to your water source (Figure 2). Locate septic systems away from water source and ensure that tank is well maintained. Finally, be aware of all sources of contamination (e.g. manure piles, feedlots, faulty septic systems, chemical storage, etc.) and locate them away from your water source.
Figure 1. Relationship of total coliforms, fecal coliforms and generic E. coli. (Note: not to scale.)
Figure 2. Creek fenced off with 5 strands of barbed wire 3 m from bank edge. Fence installed to reduce access by wildlife and domestic animals.
Table 1. Best Management Practices for Different Water Sources
Choose the appropriate water source for your crop. If water does not meet the recommended guidelines consider using a form of irrigation where the water does not come into contact with the produce i.e. trickle irrigation. Finally, treatment of the irrigation water may be necessary if water quality is poor and no alternative water sources are available.
If your water is on average above the suggested guidelines, you can reduce the risk of contamination. Examples:
There are many ways to eliminate pathogens from water (water treatment). Some of these options have potential for water used in spray applications (pesticide and herbicide) and post harvest applications (product washing). Most are impractical for the large volumes and high flow rates associated with overhead and sprinkler irrigation.
Preventing contamination and protecting existing water is much easier and more practical than trying to clean up a contaminated source.
This Factsheet was authored by Sandra Jones, On-Farm Food Safety Program Lead, OMAFRA and Rebecca Shortt, Irrigation/Water Management Engineer, OMAFRA. The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Pascal Delaquis, AAFC; Pam Fisher, OMAFRA Berry Specialist and Bengt Schumacher, Risk Management Specialist, OMAFRA for reviewing this factsheet.
For more information:
Toll Free: 1-877-424-1300 | <urn:uuid:2ca670b1-932f-4cc6-a99f-0267c8465849> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/10-037.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00540-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925161 | 2,132 | 3.59375 | 4 |
- Ownership: Gassco
- Website: http://www.gassco.no/
- Location: near Bergen
- The Kollsnes plant processes natural gas from the Troll, Kvitebjørn and Visund fields in the North Sea and currently provides almost 40 per cent of Norwegian gas deliveries.
- The treatment process at Kollsnes involves separating out the NGL, and compressing the dry gas for export via Statpipe Gas Pipeline, Zeepipe Gas Pipeline, Europipe I Gas Pipeline and Franpipe Gas Pipeline.
- The NGLs are sent to the Mongstad Refinery
Related Oil and Gas Fields
- The capacity is being expanded
- Kollsnes gas processing plant
- Another major Kårstø and Kollsnes contract
- Wood Group awarded engineering modifications contract | <urn:uuid:44f42a2f-84b6-4d88-aebc-ec0f64119578> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://abarrelfull.wikidot.com/kollsnes-gas-processing-plant | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00035-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.785663 | 172 | 1.664063 | 2 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Women, gender and the informal economy: An assessment of ILO research and suggested ways forward
This discussion paper provides an overview of ILO research on women, gender and the informal economy which was undertaken during the last two decades. It examines methodological and analytical frameworks used in various studies, identifies research gaps and proposes directions for future work. It ultimately aims to enhance ILO's work in developing consistent, coherent and coordinated policy advice to constituents across the four pillars of the ILO Decent Work Agenda: standards and fundamental principles and rights at work, employment, social protection and social dialogue.
- A holistic and integrated strategy is required to promote gender equality and decent work within informal and formal economies.
- Coordinated efforts to address all areas in tandem are required in order to ensure that gender-sensitive initiatives have a chance of transforming social and economic exclusions, including gendered inequalities, on the ground.
- Future research programmes should seek to redress thematic, regional and sectoral imbalances in existing research.
- More emphasis needs to be placed on generating studies dedicated to social security and protection and organization, representation and social dialogue from a gender perspective.
- It remains crucial to enhance the conditions of informal work, especially for poor women workers and other marginalized groups.
- More attention should be paid to developing, and consistently applying, a critical gender perspective which interrogates constructions of "women" and "men" as pre-determined or fixed categories and pays careful attention to the operation and effects of gendered relations of power in particular contexts. | <urn:uuid:f13cabdf-5acd-43a2-bfea-f5702671bc56> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://equal-footing.org/reports/women-gender-and-the-informal-economy-an-assessment-of-ilo-research-and-suggested-ways-forward/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.897673 | 339 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Crime Scene is celebrating 20 years of investigations
On August 4, 2015, Rachel, Zach, Hunter and Melody — the Kudzu Kids — were goofing around in the Grove several weeks ago when they saw some men working at the old "Y" Building on campus.
The building is being renovated, so it's off limits.
Naturally the kids decided it would be cool to sneak in and look around. Harmless enough, right?
Well, there was a secret hatch under the floor of a broom closet in the "Y" Building. Zach reached in and came up with a bone.
Before the kids had a chance to inspect it, a University police officer found them and confiscated the bone.
While the adults look into the matter, the Kudzu Kids are conducting their own investigation.
Help investigate the case
The case is organized into categories of Interviews, Evidence, Biographies, and Press. Links to each category are provided on each case page.
Click on the links to move between categories and review the different pieces of evidence.
If this is your first look at the investigation, you may want to start here:
- Press coverage of the kids' discovery
- The kids' video of their Y Building exploration
- The kids' audio of getting caught by the University police
Want access to all of the case documents as soon as they're available? Become a Case Detective today. | <urn:uuid:58d32f8d-1219-41d6-8c98-f28061a1c388> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.crimescene.com/kudzukids-start | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721278.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00149-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965186 | 289 | 1.585938 | 2 |
What Kaiser Wilhelm Really Thought Of Hitler
In 1938, ex-Kaiser Wilhelm gave an interview in which he revealed what he really thought of Hitler:
“There is a man alone, without family, without children, without God....He builds legions but he doesn’t build a nation. A nation is created by families, a religion, tradition: it is made up out of the hearts of mothers, the wisdom of fathers, the joy and the exuberance of children.
[Germany under Hitler is]....an all-swallowing State, disdainful of human dignities and the ancient structure of our race, sets itself up in place of everything else. And the man who, alone, incorporates in himself this whole State, has neither a God to honour nor a dynasty to conserve, nor a past to consult....
For a few months I was inclined to believe in National Socialism. I thought of it as a necessary fever. And I was gratified to see that there were, associated with it for a time, some of the wisest and most outstanding Germans. But these, one by one, he has got rid of or even killed....He has left nothing but a bunch of shirted gangsters....
This man could bring home victories to our people each year without bringing them...glory....But of our Germany, which was a nation of poets and musicians and artists and soldiers, he has made a nation of hysterics and hermits, engulfed in a mob and led by a thousand liars or fanatics....”
Lost In The Myths Of History | <urn:uuid:5acfd972-bce0-4894-9280-ad62ec0cbcdf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://historyandotherthoughts.blogspot.com/2014/08/what-kaiser-wilhelm-really-thought-of.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00319-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96206 | 325 | 2.234375 | 2 |
Why You Need To Rethink This Whole 'Anti-Aging' Thing
Here's the truth: each and every one of us is aging every single day, every hour even (but let's not go there right now..). However, we like to think of aging as a spiritual practice - one that forces us to be able to come to terms with letting go of control while simultaneously embracing the rewards bestowed on us through invaluable gifts and life lessons. Confidence, self-awareness, family, experiences, patience, etc. - being able to grow and evolve as a person is an experience we should all be grateful for.
That being said, aging in a way that feels good in the body is something that can't and shouldn't go unnoticed. Aging naturally yet gracefully is also the goal and can require some TLC, but hear us out because we're not talking lasers, lotions and potions... There are many constant, sneaky forces that cause premature and sometimes accelerated aging, and many of the ways to prevent this from happening require small tweaks to your behavior. As you know, what you see on the outside is determined, first and foremost, by the inside, so keeping the body healthy on a cellular level is essential for keeping it strong, resilient, and youthful.
Below are some science-backed tips on how to help you look and feel your best, while building a foundation for you to grow gracefully, confidently, and sexily in the years to come. Your future self will thank you.
And for those Sakaralites out there that may be looking in the mirror now and seeing little to no signs of physical aging, listen up: much of this process is taking place beneath the surface, affecting the signs (and lines) you will see in five years, ten years, and so on. So, while you think this list may not be relevant to you...think again.
1. Check your stress
While stress not only leads to real time suffering, chronic stress accelerates the aging process. Over time, stress shortens the length of each DNA strand, aka your telomeres. This is called cellular aging, and it’s less likely to concern you as you can’t actually see it at play. Some people thrive off living in a heightened, stressed out state, and for many young professionals this can be a badge of honor. Offset stress with regular exercise and meditation. Both of these are no brainers when it comes to immediate stress relief, but the gradual effects over time will serve you well. Incidentally, studies link meditation to longer telomeres and therefore, a slower genetic aging process.
2. Get to bed!
Aside from making you irritable the next day, late nights might also cause some of that sagging you notice in your skin. Children and babies, whose bodies grow at a rapid rate, sleep all the time, and if they don’t, they make their displeasure known. Think of yourself as a child who needs regenerative time, even though you’re no longer growing. In addition, a lack of sleep makes you more stressed (see above) and harms your immune system.
3. Have more sex
Almost everything about healthy sex makes it a natural antidote to aging. Sex is a form of exercise, a natural mood booster (thanks, chemicals), and is an excellent way to destress. We all know that “glow” you might have after a particularly fulfilling time with a lover(S). As if we needed another reason to feel sexy, one neuropsychologist deduced that sex can help you look between 4 and 7 years younger.
4. Implement a skincare routine.
Repeat after me: Vitamin C and retinol-based serums. These two are your friends. Moisturizing is crucial, but much of that should occur through your overall hydration (insert Sakara Beauty water here), and serums pack a punch with concentrated amounts of anti-aging ingredients. There’s much debate over the best age to start using some stronger anti-aging treatments, such as retinoids. While Vitamin C and other antioxidant-heavy serums are good at any age, you should save heavier creams and retinoids for your later 20s and 30s. Most importantly, remember the outside is influenced by the inside, keep your skin supple by staying hydrated.
5. Eat your fruits and veggies.
It goes without saying that at Sakara we’re committed to a plant based diet. Many fruits and vegetables are naturally hydrating, as well as packed with antioxidants to fight aging from the inside out. Many, such as blueberries, are rich in antioxidants such as Vitamins C and E (remember, Vitamin C is your friend). Avoid foods that are highly processed and sugary, as sugar is proven to accelerate the aging process. Your body can’t metabolize these as well as plant-based foods, and ultimately this leads to inflammation.
6. Cut back on booze.
Busted capillaries, bloating, hangovers, oh my. If you’ve ever thrown back a few too many, the immediate effects of alcohol are no stranger to you. And you might think that if they disappear after a day or so, all is well. Unfortunately, this isn’t the case, sister. All those effects mirror the toll alcohol takes on your over time, and these accrued effects are pretty bad. In
addition to dehydration, alcohol affects almost every part of your body because it’s absorbed through the bloodstream. It stresses your natural filtration system (thanks, liver), and leads to all kinds of adverse effects on the skin. Add to the equation how alcohol, a depressant, can lead to greater depression over time, which also causes stress and subsequently, aging. We’re not saying you shouldn’t drink at all, but do cut back, and be sure to hydrate enough to offset your martinis. | <urn:uuid:5b2041c6-39bf-4ba3-b55d-014bf8d5707d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.sakara.com/blogs/mag/anti-aging | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00325-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957187 | 1,236 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Long before Nemo first swam his first lap, before Woody and Buzz were even stars in Andy's eyes, and even before Luxo hopped after that ball, a primitive model of a hand was getting the Pixar revolution started.
Ed Catmull, the future founder of Pixar and then a graduate student at the University of Utah, began the dramatic re-imagining of animation with a plaster model of his hand and some complicated math formulas. Placing polygon vertices throughout the hand to map it out on a computer, he was able to make it move, semi-smoothly even, in a short film that was actually printed to 8mm film.
He also was able to create digital renderings of faces and the pumping of an artificial heart valve.
The film was uploaded to the web by the son of one of Catmull's collaborators; he later met Catmull, toured Pixar (Catmull is now the head of Pixar and Walt Disney Animation Studios) and discussed the history of the film and the entire experience at nerdplusart.com.
Meanwhile, Pixar will soon return to the human body; one of their two newly announced features will probe the depths of the human mind, a bit larger of a task to map out.
HuffPost Entertainment is your one-stop shop for celebrity news, hilarious late-night bits, industry and awards coverage and more — sent right to your inbox six days a week. Learn more | <urn:uuid:b4b2c1b2-4704-4c00-8457-6b1d9f8fd30b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/05/first-pixar-film-ed-catmull_n_949205.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00152-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96137 | 297 | 2.390625 | 2 |
The IEEE 802.1p standard defines a class of service (CoS) value (ranging from 0-7) that is included in the Ethernet frame. The Internet Protocol defines the layer-3 QoS values that are carried in the IP packet (Differentiated Services, IP Precedence). The FortiSwitch unit provides configurable mappings from CoS or IP-DSCP values to egress queue values.
Fortinet recommends that you do not enable trust for both Dot1p and DSCP at the same time on the same interface. If you do want to trust both Dot1p and IP-DSCP, the switch uses the latter value (DSCP) to determine the queue. The switch will use the Dot1p value and mapping only if the packet contains no DSCP value. For details, refer to Determining the egress queue . | <urn:uuid:e0c18050-ca4d-4539-971f-8540c91936eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://docs.fortinet.com/document/fortiswitch/7.2.0/administration-guide/609009/classification | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.790663 | 177 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Marriage is about love, commitment and responsibility. It is an important institution in our society – nothing conveys love, commitment and family stability the way that marriage does. That’s why my husband and I chose to be married 35 years ago. Couples who have that love and commitment for one another deserve that stability. There is just no substitute for marriage. Gay and lesbian couples want to get married for those same reasons, that is why I am voting no on this amendment that would limit the freedom to marry in Minnesota.
This amendment would be an unprecedented limitation of freedom in our state. Denying certain people in our state the freedom to marry simply because of who they are would make a mockery of our constitution, a document meant to protect our freedoms, not limit them.
We taught our children to live by the Golden Rule – that they should always treat others as they would want to be treated. Telling some Minnesotans that they are not worthy of the responsibility and stability that comes with marriage would not be in keeping with the values we taught our children.
Marriage for gay and lesbian couples is already illegal in Minnesota, and this amendment would not change that. But defeating the amendment will make sure that the next generation of Minnesotans can have a say in an issue this important. An amendment of this nature that would so deeply impact our children and grandchildren merits their input when they become adults. I am voting NO so that their voices may be heard in the future.
Minnesotans have always stood for fairness and freedom. Let’s live up to that reputation. Please join me in voting NO to keep Minnesota a welcoming state for all for generations to come. | <urn:uuid:d01fed23-676d-4565-a66e-77b295c89ec4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.brainerddispatch.com/opinion/2012-10-30/marriage?quicktabs_1=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00479-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969957 | 345 | 1.539063 | 2 |
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Fifth graders multiply whole numbers and fractions. They explain what "finding a fraction of a number" means and can determine prices after each 10-day interval presented in the problem imbedded in this plan.
3 Views 1 Download | <urn:uuid:e7142af6-9c5a-4670-bceb-2847f8e21605> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.lessonplanet.com/teachers/multiplying-and-dividing-fractions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00204-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.855612 | 107 | 3.921875 | 4 |
I can't imagine why.
This comes on the heels of the Ghost in the Shell movie casting Scarlett Johansson as Major Kusanagi.
This decision was also highly controversial, but in entirely different circles. Apart from people who think any Western adaptation of anime or manga is inherently doomed, there's very little overlap in people upset at these casting decisions, which has led some people who dislike Stanfield's casting to cry, "Hypocrisy!" (Nevermind that nobody on either side is particularly upset about Nat Wolff playing the other main character, Light, unless they happen to hate Wolff as an actor. Ditto Margaret Qualley as the female lead.) But there's nothing hypocritical here. Though the issues may seem similar at a glance, there are actually key differences.
Americanization vs WhitewashingWhenever Hollywood makes a movie based upon foreign source material, it's fairly standard for the setting to change to the United States unless the source material contains an appealing "exotic" locale, or is set in some historical period. Hollywood does this to movies from Europe just as much as anywhere -- look at Insomnia, which changes the original movie's Norwegian setting to Alaska, or The Vanishing, which changes the Netherlands to middle America. While one can argue whether there's any need to remake foreign films (especially in the case of The Vanishing, which butchered the original), if it's going to be done, it's natural for the studio to want to do it in their normal filming locations, not halfway around the world. This is simply Americanizing the movie.
Whitewashing, on the other hand, is the process of eliminating jobs for minority actors, either by changing the character's ethnicity (changing real life Asian-Americans to white guys in 21), or casting a white guy in the role and hoping nobody will notice (Benedict Cumberbatch as Khan Noonien Singh).
Obviously any time Hollywood adapts source material from Asia, Africa or Latin-America and relocates it to the United States, character ethnicities are going to change . That's something that most people accept as the cost of doing business. Preferably the filmmakers will keep at least one of the main characters as their original ethnicity (Death Note is doing this by having Paul Nakauchi play Watari) and cast more than white people in the other roles, but it'd be pretty weird to set a movie in America and have everyone be Japanese or Brazilian, or even Norwegian.
The problem with Ghost in the Shell is that it's not following Hollywood's normal pattern of Americanization. Instead of making a cultural adaptation, everything so far indicates that the story is still set in a cyberpunk Asian city in the nebulous future. Most of the announced cast is Asian or Pacific Islander. But the main characters, with one exception, are white people. Even more disturbing, there are reports that the studio tried to use CG to make the Caucasian actors appear more Asian.
White TokenismWe normally think of tokenism as actors of color being cast in minor roles so filmmakers can say, "See, we're being inclusive and diverse." But there's a flip-side to this phenomenon -- the casting of white actors in major roles in films about people of color. This is especially common in movies about the Civil Rights movement where studios assume that white audiences (and most filmmakers can't imagine any other kind) won't be interested in the struggles of black people unless there's a white person for them to identify with. And so when Hollywood makes a movie about a regiment of black soldiers in the Civil War, the main character is played by Matthew Broderick; when they make a movie about Stephen Biko, the focus is on a white journalist played by Kevin Kline; and when they do a movie about the murder of Civil Rights activists in Mississippi in the 1960s, the heroes are a couple of white FBI agents played by Willem Dafoe and Gene Hackman.
But this problem crops up elsewhere. When Hollywood makes a samurai movie, it's not enough to make a movie about samurai. No, there has to be a white guy in there somewhere, because apparently samurai aren't cool enough on their own. Sometimes there's an historical basis for this, sometimes the filmmakers have to twist actual history to make the white guy fit into the story, and sometimes. They. Just. Don't. Care.
GitS fits this mold. The white characters aren't being included because there's any logical reason for them to be there, as would be the case if the setting were transferred to a futuristic American city. They're there because the studio doesn't trust the audience to care about a world full of people of color if there aren't any token white people driving the plot. Diversity is only okay as long as we recognize white folk are the only ones who can be the center of a story.
Opposites and SymmetryOf course those who are upset at Stanfield playing L will argue that there's a double standard here. When there's a white person taking on an Asian character, that's bad, but when a black man takes on a white role (L is British in the original manga) it's no big deal. This argument has become more frequent of late as there's been an increase in actors of color being cast in roles that previously would've defaulted to white actors -- Noma Dumezweni as Hermione in the new Harry Potter play, Idris Elba as Roland the Last Gunslinger -- and there've been calls for the next Doctor Who and James Bond to be black.
But people who make this point fail to understand that just because two things are opposites, that doesn't mean they're symmetric.
If a director sets out to make an Oscar-bait melodrama about life in the suburbs, the reflex is to look for white actors for the main roles. Ben Affleck will get considered. Tom Cruise. Kevin Spacey. Will Smith ... probably not. Denzel Washington, Laurence Fishburne ... not likely. The role of a suburban family defaults to white unless the story is about race. A film about a black family living in the suburbs can't be about life in the suburbs as far as Hollywood is concerned. It's about being black in the suburbs, something totally different. And once a movie becomes about being black, it's no longer seen as being of interest to general audiences (i.e., white people).
Black actors at least can hold down lead roles in action films, no problem, these days. But of course action films aren't prestigious. If they want to be taken seriously as actors, they need to get roles in dramas, and those are often only open to them if the film is something like Twelve Years a Slave or Straight Outta Compton. Other minorities, though, are less lucky. Asian (especially South Asian) roles are in short supply in any genre, as are Hispanic parts. One can almost imagine a movie like American Beauty getting made with Will Smith and Halle Berry, but not Daniel Dae Kim and Ming Na. The idea that Asians might live in the 'burbs and have interesting problems has barely registered in the minds of Hollywood executives.
So when there's a role out there that's actually designed for an actor of color and the part gets changed to a white character, or the director just casts Johnny Depp in the part without making any changes, it's taking away from a limited supply of roles.
On the other hand, when somebody makes an updated Sherlock Holmes with Lucy Liu as Watson, they're creating diversity where none existed before. Such a casting choice has virtually zero effect on white actors, who still have numerous opportunities.
Imagine you're trying to balance a set of scales. The left side has five kilograms of sand, but the right only has three. Obviously the way to do this would be to scoop sand off the left side and add it to the right. If somebody came up to you and said, "Hey, you're not being fair. You should be taking sand from the right side and adding it to the left, too," you'd think the guy was a complete moron. But that's exactly what people are arguing when they say that casting Stanfield as L is no different from having Johnny Depp play Tonto. | <urn:uuid:9861a533-8810-4427-9a9b-3ae7c8da8352> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.noculottes.net/2016/07/no-whitewashing-isnt-same-as.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.96428 | 1,701 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Do You Speak English?
There are almost one million immigrants living in the UK who can’t speak the English language. In a new two-part series, Do You Speak English will follow four first-generation immigrants as they try and learn the English language for the first time taught by ordinary British people. Each immigrant will live and spend a week with a British family who can apply their own unique ways to try and teach their guest how to speak English.
Our four immigrants all entered Britain over a year ago, but none of them managed to learn English in their time living here. Now each of them has their own special reason for wanting to learn. For some it means more opportunities for work and the chance of a fresh future for them and their family while for others it an end to seclusion and loneliness.
After a week, the roles will be reversed and the British hosts leave their homes behind to spend a week living with their new immigrant friend. They will continue to teach English and see how the immigrants cope speaking English in their own community and practising it in their day-to-day lives. The hosts will also discover what the lives are like for people who come to a multi-cultural Britain looking for a new start yet.
Do You Speak English will provide immigrants with the best crash course into learning the English language where they’ll be taught by the natives themselves. For the British, they get a first-hand insight into immigration – how do communities exist in the UK where virtually no English is spoken and what can the British families do to help their new friends integrate better.
Prod Co: Love Productions | <urn:uuid:a87ab7a0-b32b-4cd2-b549-e32fd74afd73> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.channel4.com/info/press/programme-information/do-you-speak-english | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00383-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967308 | 331 | 1.84375 | 2 |
The parade started at 11 a.m. at Martin Luther King Boulevard and Western Avenue, then headed west to Crenshaw Boulevard, turning south on Vernon Avenue. The parade ended at Leimert Park where a gospel festival was held.
The parade honors the legacy of the late civil rights leader, who would have been 83 this year. The theme of this year's parade was "The Dream Continues to Live and Grow."
Marching bands, drill teams, dance groups and equestrian units took part in the nation's oldest King-day celebration. There were also lots of food booths and fun things to do throughout the afternoon and evening at the park.
"This community comes together in a way that it doesn't do all year long to say thank you Dr. King for your legacy, thank you for your dream," said Rep. Maxine Waters (D-Los Angeles).
There were 30 marching groups and 20 floats - among them, the "Occupy King's Dream" float, honoring his work to end poverty.
"We still have a housing issue, we still have jobs issues," said activist Jamie King. "We still have issues with education, we still have issues with foreclosures, we still have homelessness."
ABC7'S Marc Brown was one of several Eyewitness News personalities who participated in the parade. ABC7 anchors Leslie Sykes and Michelle Tuzee hosted the parade coverage, with reporters Leo Stallworth and Danny Romero on the parade route talking to the many excited spectators.
"It's kind of a renewal every year. It's good for the soul," Brown said.
Parade founder Larry Grant kicked off the parade with his annual Kingdom Day Parade Breakfast at the USC Radisson Hotel. A lot of the parade's invited dignitaries, grand marshals and many local political leaders were in attendance.
Supervisor Mark Ridley-Thomas was one of the grand marshals of the event, and LAPD Police Chief Charlie Beck was a celebrity grand marshal. Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa also participated in the parade, waving to thousands of Angelenos along the parade route.
This year's parade marks the 43rd anniversary of King's assassination. | <urn:uuid:1944d11e-785e-4171-90c7-a2fab891ec08> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://abc7.com/archive/8506969/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00270-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969686 | 446 | 1.601563 | 2 |
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Elements of Communication process
- Message: Words, gesture, letter
- Sender: Initiates content delivery
- Channel: Face-to-face, written, audiovisual, telephone, e-mail
- Receiver: Interprets the message
- Feedback: Verifies that the message was received
Factors that influence communication process
- ● Environment
- ● Lifespan variations
- ● Gender
- ● Personal space
- ● Territoriality
- ● Sociocultural factors
- ● Roles and relationships
- ● Attitudes
Identify and describe the phases of the therapeutic relationship.
- The therapeutic relationship has four phases: pre-interaction, orientation, working, and termination.
- ● The pre-interaction phase occurs before you meet the client. In this phase you gather information about the client.
- ● The orientation phase begins when you meet the client. The goal of this phase is to establish rapport, trust, and a timeline.
- ● The working phase Use of therapeutic communication techniques. Client clarifies feelings and concerns through verbal and nonverbal communication
- ● The termination phase is the conclusion of the relationship.
Enhancing therapeutic Communication
- Listen Actevily- node
- Establish trust - ex. do what you say
- Be assertive - budut hodit' vo krug da okolo, and you have tobe assertive - ask direct questions, could be uncomfortable.
- Restate, clarify, and validate message - summarize what they are saying, what I hear you are saying....and this is what I'll do.
- Interpret body language -
- Share your observations to clarify - this is what i see, is this right?
- Use open-ended question - is there anything else that you need
- Use silence
- Sumarize the conversation - through out conversation and at the end.
Qualities of nurse patient therapeutic communication
- Empathy: the desire to undestand and be sensitiveto the feelings, beliefs, and situation of another person - adapt your style, tone, vocabulary, and behavior to create the bestapproach for eachclient situation.
- Respect: by valuing the client and being flexible to meet the client's needs
- Genuineness: chestnost', expect clients to respond truthfully.
- Conreteness: espress in concrete, specific terms what you mean, the message must be constructedan delivered in a manner that is suitable for the client.
- Communication: reciprocal (vzaimnii) process. If client is unable to espress his thoughts clearly, you must be willing toconfront her to request clarification. YOu must be willing to be confronted too.
focuses on improving the health of the client, whether an individual or community.
is client-centered communication directed at achieving cient goals. It is used to establish therap. relashionship
Barriers to Therapeutic Communication
- Asking too many questions: - could be disrespectful
- Asking "why": - suggests critisism, may become defensive and stop talking " What concerned do you have....tell me more..
- Changing the subject inappropriately: - makes you unintereseted.
- Failing to probe: - failing to explore issues in detail
- Expressing approval or disaproval: - be mutual, we are their resourece, we can educate
- Offering advice: - help clearify options, provide info about the choices
- Giving false reasurance: don't say "its going to be okey"
- Stereotyping: reacial, cultural, religious, are-related, gender stereotypes distort assesment. Blatant - "He is old. he won't remember" to a women, Sutble - assumming something about the patient.
- Using patronizing language: ex. "you should have used a call light" or using endearing words ex. 'honey.
- Vocabulary: - speak at the level of their knowledge, simple terms
- Denotative and Connotative Meaning: Denotative - is a literal (dictionary) meanig of the word. Connotative - implied(podrazumivaetsa) or emotionaly meaning of the word. Denot - "hey baby" to a baby. or in conatative to a women.
- Pacing of conversation: - rhythm
- Intonation: - tone of voice, reflects the feeling behin the words. pitch, cadence, volume
- Clearity and brevity: - words and nonverbal language send the same message using fewest words possible.
- Timing and Relevance: do teaching at a good time, when they are not in pain. Convince the person that the info we are saying is relevant to them.
- Crediblility of the sender: (believability) . your credibility depends on a pattern of honest and timely response to patient concerns, as well as congruence between your verbal and nonberbal communication.
- Humor: can have positive or negative effect, be careful about.
- Facial expression: Communicates feelings behind a message
- Posture and gaint: Clue to attitude, self-concept
- Personal appearance: Clue to socioeconomic status, culture, feelings
- Distance: Indicates extent of familiarity
- gestures: emphasize and clarify spokne words; can have different meanings
- Touch: can be misinterpreted.
Other Factors affecting c
- Environment: quite, private
- Lifespan variations
- Personal space
- Sociocultural factors
- Roles and relationships
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Home > Flashcards > Print Preview | <urn:uuid:b86378a0-82db-4763-a280-4c753a965d32> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.freezingblue.com/flashcards/print_preview.cgi?cardsetID=105351 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00430-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.883818 | 1,231 | 2.9375 | 3 |
In the tense atmosphere that followed a deadly church bombing in Birmingham, Alabama, on September 15, 1963, Thirteen-year-old Virgil Lamar Ware was murdered by two white teenagers without justice served.
Virgil Lamar Ware (Dec. 6, 1949 – Sept. 15, 1963) was an eighth-grader, an A student and a football player who dreamed of becoming a lawyer on the day he was gunned down in the aftermath of the Birmingham church bombing.
Virgil Lamar Ware and his brother James were returning home from a shopping trip, unaware that the bombing had occurred when they encountered Larry Joe Sims and Michael Lee Farley. Sims and Farley, both 16, were riding along on their motorcycle coming from a segregationist rally. Farley gave Sims his handgun to admire. When the white teenagers saw the Ware brothers, Farley told Sims to shoot, to “scare them.” Sims shot Virgil twice, once in the cheek and once in the chest. The 13-year-old Ware died on the Docena-Sandusky Road on the outskirts of Birmingham.
Sims was charged with first-degree murder and convicted by an all-white jury of second-degree manslaughter. Farley pled guilty to the same charge. Both were sentenced to seven months in jail, but the judge who presided over the cases suspended their sentences, substituting two years’ probation.
On May 6, 2004 Ware’s remains were disinterred from an unmarked roadside grave and moved to a different burial place with a bronze marker. That same day, 16-year-old Johnny Robinson Jr. was murdered by police.
SOURCE: Based on materials from Northeastern University School of Law, Biography.com | <urn:uuid:e3b94139-1aa3-423d-8c12-42fd1211ad45> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://iloveancestry.com/topics/ancestry/historical-events/20th-century/travesty-of-justice-murder-virgil-lamar-ware/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.98344 | 355 | 2.3125 | 2 |
How about these pages > Jaipur introudction > 1 Day Jaipur > Sights and Attactions > 2 day Jaipur > Why Pink?
Amer Fort, Jaipur
Amer Fort is the best tourist attraction of Jaipur and the sprawling complex combines both immense fortifications with unexpected beauty and charm. The fort which visitors are able to explore today dates from the 16th century and is situated on a natural ridge 11km north of Jaipur.
The main path up to Amber Fort
Elephants slowly transport tourists up the ridge in the main entrance courtyard and this makes for a wonderful entrance to the Amer Fort. Inside the palace are beautiful styled state rooms with semi-precious jewel inlaid decoration the finest example is the Sheesh Mahal the mirror palace. The Amer Fort is a top rate tourist attraction of Jaipur and must be visited by all tourists to the region.
Amer Fort Tourist Information
Amer Fort is open every day from 8:00 until 17:30 and the entrance fee is Rs 200. Amer Fort lies12km to the north of Jaipur and a single taxi fare will cost Rs200-250 while using the supposedly enforced auto rickshaw rate will cost Rs85 but most visitors pay Rs250-300 for round trip with 2 hours of waiting time.
The Amber Fort is the incorrect name of the complex
The grandest way to reach the gates of Amer from the main car park is by elephant and this experience costs Rs900 for two people. Inside Amer Fort there is very limited tourist signage so most visitors hire a private guide that lasts for approximately 1 hour and costs Rs450, these tour guides do have a tendency to try to lead visitors to commission based shops afterwards though. There are acceptable toilets by the main entrance and a couple of expensive shops to purchase water and drinks.
Further Information For Amer Fort
The fort stands on the rocky hill of Cheel ka Teela (Hill of Eagles) that over looks the Jaipur and situated next to the Maota lake. Inside the palace the state rooms have be resorted and can be fully explored. Highlights include the chamber of a thousands mirrors is possibly the most beautiful of all of the inner rooms which supposedly can be full lit just by a single candle. There is an delicate carving of Ganesha (Hindu Elephant god), carved from a single piece of coral.
The inner state rooms and the symertical gardens
This ancient fortress became the capital during the reigns of the clan Amber Kachhawa (1037-1727). Constructed in the Senibinanya artistic style, combining elements of Hinduism and Mughal symmetry throughout. Man Singh, one of the first generals of Emperor Akbar started the construction of the fortress-palace of red sandstone and white in 1592. | <urn:uuid:aa33e74b-3621-419a-9e39-5acb490a4be0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jaipur-travel-guide.com/Jaipur-attractions/Amer-Fort-Jaipur-Amber-Fort-Rajasthan.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00449-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931463 | 582 | 1.945313 | 2 |
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Dashboard covers are automotive accessories which are custom designed to protect the plastic dashboard of a motor vehicle. There are a variety of reasons for purchasing a dashboard cover, but primarily drivers install dashboard covers to prevent damage to their dashboards. They come in a range of colors to match various interior decoration schemes, and are typically made from durable nylon carpet-like fiber.
Most cars have a dashboard made from plastic. As it is exposed to sunlight, the plastic will start to bleach and fade. The sunlight and UV rays also weaken the plastic, ultimately causing to to crack. In addition to looking unsightly and reducing the resale value of the car, this can also be dangerous. The hard plastic exterior of a dashboard is designed to sustain an impact from a head in a crash. When it cracks under the pressure, padded foam underneath helps to soften the blow. If the dashboard cracks from exposure, this foam will also start to be damaged by the elements, meaning that it may potentially fail in an accident.
Using dashboard covers also prevents dust from accumulating on the dashboard, as the cover can be taken off and shaken or vacuumed. In addition, objects placed on a dashboard cover will not slide when the car moves, meaning the drivers can store sunglasses and other useful things on their dashboard and know that they will be ready when needed. Dashboard covers can also help to reduce the glare inside a car, which can impair a driver's visibility.
Sizing and placement of dashboard covers is important. Improperly positioned dashboard covers can cover the vents designed to circulate air and defrost the windshield, which is not desirable. It is also important that a dashboard cover not hang over the edge, impairing the view of the car's speedometer, gas meter, and other vital gauges. Most companies manufacture dashboard covers for specific makes and models of vehicles to prevent this problem, and will customize a dashboard cover for a unique car.
When selecting a dashboard covers for specific vehicles, it is an excellent idea to note down the car's make, model, and year so that the right dashboard cover can be picked out. If possible, take the dashboard cover out to the car to ensure that the color does not clash with the upholstery in the car. Finally, consider installing heat resistant Velcro® tabs to hold the dashboard cover in place, so that it will not move around on the dashboard with time.
Is there any technology that can make a dashboard not get hot in broad daylight?
Perhaps a ceramic coating spray? or apply an adhesive heat resistant material?
One of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted. Note that depending on the number of suggestions we receive, this can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK! | <urn:uuid:fb17dbeb-fb9a-4ee1-8c51-16b6d47d024d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-dashboard-covers.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00220-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946106 | 578 | 1.84375 | 2 |
DETROIT, MI, Jan. 9, 2017
- Team reimagined a door architecture from scratch
- Ultralight design achieves 42.5-percent mass savings
- Applies to 70 percent of the light vehicle market
DETROIT, MI, Jan. 9, 2017 /PRNewswire/ - Magna International Inc., in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and partners FCA US and Grupo Antolin, announced it has developed a new, ultralight door architecture that achieves the project objective of 42.5 percent mass savings compared to an average current production door. Making the announcement at the 2017 North American International Auto Show, Magna and its project partners presented a solution to further help global automakers meet emissions standards and reduce fuel consumption through lightweighting.
Magna's advanced engineering team – a collaborative effort between the company's corporate R&D and various product groups – combined its unique, full-vehicle perspective on the design of a driver's-side door with an inventive mix of materials and technology to tackle the challenge of significant weight reduction. This was developed in less than 10 months while keeping the cost within accepted industry parameters and providing a solution that applies to approximately 70 percent of the light vehicle market.
"The team started from scratch and reimagined the way we think about the design, development and material-use of a door architecture," said Swamy Kotagiri, Chief Technology Officer, Magna International. "Building on our significant expertise in lightweighting from previous DOE projects, the team leveraged our broad product-development expertise and tackled this challenge in a cost-effective manner while meeting safety, durability and functionality requirements."
Magna built on its know-how from the development of the Multi-Material Lightweight Vehicle (MMLV) with the DOE and Ford in 2014, and took it a step further in creating a solution for this advanced ultralight door project.
A key innovation associated with the development of the ultralight door includes integration of Magna's SmartLatch™ electronic latch system. This eliminated the need for mechanical hardware and enabled the development of a unique carrier module with integrated glass guides and lift capability of a lightweight hybrid glass laminate, an industry first.
The door-in-white assembly makes extensive use of aluminum, which achieves approximately half of the total mass reduction of the door assembly. Overall, the project makes use of materials readily available today that can easily be made using existing manufacturing processes, without a significant increase in production costs or changes in body-shop infrastructure.
Grupo Antolin contributed its know-how in the design and manufacture of interior trim components to contribute to the significant mass reduction. The application of advanced molding technologies and polymers contributed approximately 7 percent to the total mass reduction.
The ultralight door development included intensive simulation efforts, passing all safety and durability testing in the process. The next steps include manufacturing full-scale prototype door assemblies, performance tests and safety tests to validate the design, with the goal of being available for use in production vehicles by the fall of 2020.
The FCA US engineering team has been an integral part of the design and development of the ultralight door, providing engineering collaboration to confirm compatibility with existing assembly operations as well as CAE durability, fatigue and safety analysis. FCA US plans to conduct testing of prototype door assemblies and full vehicles to validate the results of the predictive simulation.
This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), under award number DE-0007306.
Automotive innovation, public-private partnership, automotive lightweighting, lightweight door
ABOUT MAGNA INTERNATIONAL
We are a leading global automotive supplier with 312 manufacturing operations and 98 product development, engineering and sales centres in 29 countries. We have over 155,000 employees focused on delivering superior value to our customers through innovative products and processes, and World Class Manufacturing. We have complete vehicle engineering and contract manufacturing expertise, as well as product capabilities which include body, chassis, exterior, seating, powertrain, electronic, active driver assistance, vision, closure and roof systems. Our common shares trade on the Toronto Stock Exchange (MG) and the New York Stock Exchange (MGA). For further information about Magna, visit our website at www.magna.com.
THIS RELEASE MAY CONTAIN STATEMENTS WHICH CONSTITUTE "FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS" UNDER APPLICABLE SECURITIES LEGISLATION AND ARE SUBJECT TO, AND EXPRESSLY QUALIFIED BY, THE CAUTIONARY DISCLAIMERS THAT ARE SET OUT IN MAGNA'S REGULATORY FILINGS. PLEASE REFER TO MAGNA'S MOST CURRENT MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL POSITION, ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM AND ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 40-F, AS REPLACED OR UPDATED BY ANY OF MAGNA'S SUBSEQUENT REGULATORY FILINGS, WHICH SET OUT THE CAUTIONARY DISCLAIMERS, INCLUDING THE RISK FACTORS THAT COULD CAUSE ACTUAL EVENTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE INDICATED BY SUCH FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. THESE DOCUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE FOR REVIEW ON MAGNA'S WEBSITE AT WWW.MAGNA.COM.
SOURCE Magna International Inc. | <urn:uuid:9c1ee109-ff9f-4cc7-8121-6d132b9d2232> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ariva.de/news/magna-demonstrates-lightweighting-expertise-with-ultralight-6001038 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00503-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.902165 | 1,140 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Sports create many positive effects in the human cardiovascular and endocrine systems. One important part of the endocrine or hormonal system is the system of stress hormones (glucocorticoids). The name glucocorticoid comes on one hand from the important role they play in the regulation of the glucose metabolism (Glucose) and on the other hand from the place where they are produced, the cortex of the adrenal gland (Cortex suprarenalis).
The regulation of the most important glucocorticoid, cortisol, depends on a control loop (see figure 1).
Activated by stress or physical activity
The hypothalamus (region in the brain) is activated by stress or physical activity and releases a hormone called CRH (corticotrophin releasing hormone). CRH induces the production and release of ACTH (adrenocorticotrope hormone) in the pituitary (another small part in the human brain). ACTH then leads to the release of cortisol from the adrenal gland. Higher cortisol levels lead to lower CRH and ACTH levels due to a negative feedback mechanism. Thus, the hormonal system will regulate normally at a certain physiological level. Within a few minutes, this system is able to adapt cortisol levels to higher needs due to stress or physical activity. Apart from the regulation of the glucose metabolism, cortisol also leads to catabolic metabolism, which means that energy reserves are used up for the energy demands of a new situation, like running. In addition to the regulation of metabolic procedures, cortisol also has many effects on the immune system and on inflammation processes.
Higher levels of cortisol can be observed
The regulation of cortisol levels is also dependent upon the time of day. In the morning and in the afternoon, higher levels of cortisol can be observed. This is very useful for the reactivation of the human body after sleeping or an after-lunch rest.
In a pathological case of an overproduction of cortisol, a so-called Cushing Syndrome can develop. Symptoms include weight gain, weakness, depression, arterial hypertension, diabetes, reduced bone density, sleeping disorders, loss of libido, and skin alterations.
On the other hand, there is also a possibility of pathologically reduced cortisol levels, which is called Addison Syndrome. Possible symptoms include nausea, weight loss, brown skin, weakness, and low blood pressure.
The Charité – CBF and the Department of Sports Medicine of the Humboldt University have examined the hormonal systems in 8 women and 11 men during their training for the real,- BERLIN-MARATHON. In order to do so, 5 examinations were performed. The first one was 6 weeks before the marathon, the second 10 days before, and the third 2 days after the marathon. The fourth exam took place 10 days after the race, and the last one was 6 weeks after the marathon. The dates were chosen according to the different levels of training, high before and low after the marathon.
The results were very interesting.
There were no significant differences in the cortisol and ACTH levels for the periods before and well after the marathon, but there were low levels of these hormones 2 days after the marathon. The results suggest that the extreme physical stress of the marathon causes a short-term exhaustion of the ACTH-cortisol-axis. Apart from the synthesis and regulation of cortisol, the degradation of cortisol was also examined. The subjects of the study all collected their urine for 24 hours. Degradation products of cortisol were measured in the urine. For the first time it could be demonstrated that the human body tries to compensate for the lower cortisol levels after a marathon through a reduced degradation of cortisol.
In addition to testing the levels of cortisol and ACTH in the blood, the sensitivity of the ACTH-cortisol-axis was also tested. By ingesting a synthetic cortisol medication, the physiological synthesis of cortisol could be suppressed and the sensitivity of the ACTH-cortisol-axis could be shown. The results of this study present hints of a lower sensitivity during periods of more intense training. This could mean that marathon training leads to a kind of resistance against stress and that the human body is exposed to intensified cortisol action. Whether this is a positive or a negative effect has not yet been determined. In order to answer this question, further research over a longer period of time is necessary.
Other pituitary hormones were examined in this study, as well
In addition to stress hormones like cortisol or ACTH, other pituitary hormones were examined in this study, as well. No significant differences for thyroidal hormones or growth hormones could be observed. For men, lower testosterone values were found during the intense periods of training. This is one previously known effect of intensive endurance training, which could be confirmed in this study. Lower testosterone values do not seem to have any pathological impacts like loss of libido or loss of bone density.
Returning to the major focus of the study, one interesting change in the cortisol metabolism due to marathon training and a marathon race could be observed. This is not associated with any pathological changes, which were seen for example in persons with so-called over-training syndrome. The overtraining syndrome is characterised primarily by a reduced physical fitness and an unwell feeling without any actual illness. Normally, the over-training syndrome occurs during periods of intense training, which is common in professional sports. Although this disease is well known, no diagnostic procedure exists. Some studies have shown the first hints for an altered cortisol metabolism, like presented in this study.
Further information about the study can be found in the medical journal:
Clinical Endocrinology or through:
Dr. Thomas Bobbert, CharitéBerlin –
CBF, Dept. of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition,
Dr. Thomas Bobbert, a young doctor at the Charité - Campus Benjamin
Franklin – in the Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutritional Medicine Department of Prof. Pfeiffer, already has a long career at the BERLIN-MARATHON behind him.
He started out as a spectator and fan of his father Bernd (Jubilee-Club member) at the BERLIN-MARATHON, where he stood cheering him on at the Yorck Bridges year for year, then he volunteered at the MARATHON souvenir stand and helped out at the refreshment stand of the Luise Henriette High School (Tempelhof) and in the Horst Milde bakery in Thielallee and later in Potsdamer Strasse. He then moved up to be in charge of the awards ceremony of the MARATHON and of the BERLIN-MARATHON Jubilee-Club. Now he is part of the medical team of the MARATHON.
Bobbert also was a successful athlete, becoming German Junior Champion in the 800 m for the sport club TSV Tempelhof-Mariendorf in 1994, making it to the semi-finals at the Junior World Championships in 1994, and becoming German Champion in the 4 x 800 m relay with SCC in 1996. His personal best for the 800m is 1:48,73 – but then his Achilles tendon got messed up. Together with Mark Milde (now Race Director of the real,- BERLIN-MARATHON), he was often part of the winning school team for the MINI-MARATHON, the Luise Henriette High School. His brother Peter, by the way, was the pace maker for Mizuki Noguchi for the first 10 kilometres this year. | <urn:uuid:1a3ffad6-4d17-4486-81cc-51697e9cfa3a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://skating.bmw-berlin-marathon.com/en/news-center/news-archive/detail/resistant-against-stress-by-running-a-marathon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.949657 | 1,579 | 3.5 | 4 |
Just when you thought spring had arrived.
Wet snow is possible over higher terrain today, according to Environment Canada.
A weather system will spread precipitation to the central interior today. The airmass is cold enough to allow the precipitation to fall as wet snow for areas of higher terrain.
Local snowfall amounts of five centimetres are possible over higher terrain in the Cariboo, Prince George, Yellowhead, and Chilcotin regions.
Please continue to monitor alerts and forecasts issued by Environment Canada. To report severe weather, send an email to email@example.com or tweet reports using #BCStorm. | <urn:uuid:e1eb79ce-c81f-4cf4-893b-24b0cf779756> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pgdailynews.ca/index.php/2019/03/26/wet-snow-expected-today/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.915623 | 128 | 2.078125 | 2 |
02 Jan The UN’s Apology Won’t Heal Disease, But It’s A First Step to Justice
[Beatrice Lindstrom is a Staff Attorney at the Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti and counsel for plaintiffs in the lawsuit Georges v. United Nations.]
When the outgoing Secretary-General issued his long-overdue apology for the UN’s role in Haiti’s cholera epidemic, he turned a corner on six years of silence and stonewalling. At the Bureau des Avocats Internationaux—the Haitian public interest law office that has led the charge against the UN for introducing the disease to Haiti—about 100 victims and activists were gathered to watch a live-stream of the statement in Port-au-Prince. They broke into spontaneous cheers and applause when the apology was delivered.
“This was a victory for us today. It wasn’t easy. We sent thousands of letters and took to the streets to get this victory, for them to say today that they were responsible. They said that, and we thank them…” said Desir Jean-Clair, a cholera survivor who has been organizing for justice, in a statement following the apology.
A public apology has been a central demand of the victims, along with cholera eradication and compensation for families who have suffered. While the disease has caused thousands of deaths and massive suffering since UN peacekeepers contaminated Haiti’s largest river with cholera-laden sewage in 2010, the UN’s failure to own up to its actions has itself been an affront to victims’ dignity. By continuously denying responsibility in the face of overwhelming scientific evidence to the contrary, and by hiding behind immunity to avoid an independent hearing on the merits of victims’ claims, the UN turned its back on Haitians and on its own human rights principles. Against this background, an apology from the Organization’s top leadership is a fundamental component of a just UN response.
As the Secretary-General acknowledged, however, “apologies don’t heal disease” – a play on a Haitian proverb that states that apologies do not heal scars. On December 1, he also launched a $400 million plan that will bring cholera control measures to Haiti and material assistance to victims. The material assistance is intended as a “concrete and sincere expression of the Organization’s regret,” and could take the form of community projects, death benefits to surviving families, or some combination thereof. [U.N. Doc. A/71/620]. Importantly, the plan promises to “place victims at the centre and be responsive to their needs and concerns” by engaging a nationwide consultation process on remedies.
These actions will be crucial steps to fulfilling the UN’s legal and moral obligations to the victims. Under Section 29 of the Convention on Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations and the Status of Forces Agreement signed with Haiti, the UN has a well-established obligation to address claims for compensation submitted by third parties “for personal injury, illness or death arising from or directly attributed to MINUSTAH.” An appropriate remedy, even if fashioned outside of this legal framework, is critical to staving off criticisms that the UN’s obligations have no meaning.
Yet the refusal to accept legal responsibility for the outbreak, and the decision to treat the new response as an expression of “solidarity” rather than as remedies for a legal wrong, complicates the UN’s ability to actualize the new plan. Whereas the General Assembly has an obligation to meet the Organization’s legal liabilities through assessed contributions [Memorandum to Controller, 2001 U.N. Jurid. Y.B. 381], the UN is currently relying on voluntary contributions from Member States, agencies, and even private individuals. Thus far, this has not generated adequate pledges to turn the plan into a reality.
On December 16, the General Assembly unanimously adopted a resolution calling on all Member States and other actors to provide their full support for the new approach. This is an important signal that the Organization’s membership must step up and do its part. But to actually right the UN’s wrongs in Haiti, and avoid criticisms that the Organization operates above the law, governments must now follow through on this acknowledgement with actual funding
The UN must also ensure that it does not foreclose the option of providing cash payments to victims out of a misguided aversion to anything that could resemble compensation grounded in legal liability. In his report to the General Assembly, the Secretary-General outlined a series of challenges with direct payments, including identification of victims and meeting burdens of proof in a country with limited documentation. These challenges have been overcome in other similar contexts around the world, and merit full study and victim input to inform the way forward.
As the report notes, the new response “will inevitably be an imperfect exercise.” Full funding, and involvement of victims throughout the elaboration of the plan, will be critical to ensuring that the plan still translates into justice for cholera victims and lives up to its promise of healing the UN’s credibility in Haiti and the world. | <urn:uuid:d5910975-0cb2-485f-ad14-a41ee8bc13b2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://opiniojuris.org/2017/01/02/the-uns-apology-wont-heal-disease-but-its-a-first-step-to-justice/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.949211 | 1,073 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Today, at Gardenprue, we give a twist to the world of spices to show you how nutmeg is grown and what it is like . We are used to seeing it in powder in the spice jar so it is time to get to know the cultivation in depth, the history that surrounds it and the cultivation techniques.
LET’S DISCOVER THE ORIGIN OF THIS CURIOUS FRUIT
The common nutmeg ( Myristica fragrans ) of the Myristicaceae family , has a very specific origin : the Moluccas Islands, in Indonesia.
Currently its production has been distributed in some country with similar latitudes and climates but not many. In fact, the world production of nutmeg is controlled by the tropical areas (Banda Islands) close to the place of origin and only 25% is produced by Caribbean islands of the same latitudes, specifically, the island of Granada.
Nutmeg is used as a spice in many western and eastern cultures, and its use is spread throughout the world. It is widely used in Dutch cuisine and is an essential ingredient in the manufacture of German sausages.
A BIT OF HISTORY SURROUNDING THE ORIGIN OF NUTMEG
The Moluccas Islands were historically a highly contested territory , given the inordinate value that this and other spices came to have in the Middle Ages and later centuries.
They were the absolute domain of Indian, Arab and Chinese merchants until the arrival of the Portuguese at the beginning of the 16th century when they arrived on the island of Ternate.
Since then, the dispute between Spain and Portugal for the colonization of the islands was a headache for the two kingdoms, which involved Magellan and Elcano themselves in their famous expedition, whose objective was to reach the Moluccas (islands of the spices) by the seas of the West avoiding the seas of the Portuguese crown agreed in the Treaty of Tordesillas.
This was the route that Christopher Columbus hoped to take before meeting the Americas. Already in the 17th century, the Dutch Company of the Indies arrived with a great military force, taking over the islands for more than 3 centuries from their arrival until their independence in the middle of the 20th century.
NUTMEG: ONE FRUIT, TWO SPICES
Leaving the historical part a bit, let’s see what nutmeg is like. The fruit is made up of a thick envelope that, when ripe, opens and reveals the showy seed, whose endosperm is the nut itself.
Between this thick envelope and the seed, we find another very special covering called aril , with a fleshy-rubbery appearance and an intense orange or red color, which does not completely envelop the seed, allowing the brown almost black color of the walnut to appear. Well, this casing is also dried and marketed as another spice: Mace.
Mace has an aroma similar to nutmeg, but stronger and more bitter. At one time, it was valued more than the nutmeg itself.
We know that it is not a crop that we are going to plant in our garden but since Gardenprue is about that, about crops, we are going to provide the necessary conditions for its development even if we cannot grow it.
If someone from tropical islands has the pleasure of planting a nutmeg tree, here we leave the development conditions. It is a tree that can reach 10-15 m in height in optimal conditions.
Very, very, very concrete. Fully insular tropical climate. That is, warm and very humid . With average annual temperatures of about 25-28 ºC without great variations between seasons and characterized by the dry and rainy seasons typical of the monsoons.
The annual rainfall is about 2000-3000 mm and well distributed throughout the year. Exposure to the sun should not be too direct.
The relative humidity is maintained at very high and constant values throughout the year (between 60 and 90%). Hence the impossibility of its cultivation outside these areas.
The soil must be very rich in organic matter , deep and very well drained, with a pH close to neutrality.
The tree has a medium development speed. From its plantation, it can take 8 years on average until it begins to bear fruit.
The tree is long-lived and can bear fruit after 40 years, although production decreases significantly. In full production it can give us up to 2000 fruits per tree.
Now you will surely look at this spice with different eyes when you dress your dishes . See you at the next crop. | <urn:uuid:7cfcc346-e17e-4111-aac8-bbb31e9ab068> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gardenprue.com/nutmeg-cultivation-and-growing-tips/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.960039 | 961 | 3.171875 | 3 |
5 SUN FACTS YOU NEED TO KNOW:
1. One in Five Americans will develop skin cancer in their lifetime. Skin cancer doesn't just affect old people - melanoma is the second most common form of cancer for 15-29 year olds! And just 1 blistering sunburn during childhood or your teens doubles your risk of melanoma.
2. There are 3.5 million skin cancers diagnosed in the United States every year - this is more than all other cancers (like breast, lung and colon cancer) COMBINED. Yes, you read that correctly...more than ALL OTHER CANCERS COMBINED.
3. A tan is actually a sign of DNA damage from UV radiation which causes the skin to increase melanin production to (ineffectively) try to prevent further damage. You may think a tan looks good now but you'll be disappointed when you get older as all that tanning and sun damage will cause wrinkles, saggy skin, freckles, and age spots. Read more about how the skin works to protect your body in our article SKIN is your friend.
4. Up to 90% of the changes we think of when describing aging or old skin (wrinkles, freckles, brown spots, leathery skin) are really due to sun damage. And sun damage doesn't just happen in the summer...the sun is shining down on us every day, 365 days a year. If you want to slow down your skin's aging process, wear your sunscreen every day!
5. Zinc oxide is a natural mineral and is the ONLY SINGLE SUNSCREEN agent that effectively shields your skin from both UVA and UVB radiation. Zinc oxide is the only active ingredient used in PREP's SPF 30 face+body lotion as well as PREP's SPF 15 lip gloss.
Knowing these 5 sun facts and taking responsibility to wear your sunscreen every day, rain or shine, will not only keep your skin looking beautiful but may also help to save your life. Read all about UV rays and sunscreen in our article, UVA + UVB = Sun Rays.Send this article to a friend or loved one so they can know these 5 sun facts! | <urn:uuid:be914734-8bed-45da-92f9-4bb026b82969> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://prepyourskin.com/blogs/blog/sun-facts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.933664 | 459 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Those who choose a career as a Company Secretary, have two paths before them –that they can either opt for work in an organization or choose to work as a consultant in a Company Secretaryship firm. This is a challenging career and different people find motivation in doing such a work in two different ways.
In India, when one opts for such a career, one needs to go through the rigorous three leveled programme offered by the one and only Institute of Company Secretaries of India. This institute offers the only valid certification in the country which is necessary to be able to work as a Company Secretary in a consultant or employee mode.
The course usually consists of three levels of programmes – the foundation, executive and professional programmes which one needs to pass in order to qualify for the practical managerial training that follows. Once a 15 months training is undertaken, one is awarded with the certification of being a CS. This is the time when one needs to decide the career path one wishes to take – that of a consultant or an employed salaried person of an organization.
Those who wish to be practicing company secretaries, need to apply for the Certificate of Practice which is issued by the institute. Without this, one would be unable to practice as CS independently.
Practicing company secretaries have been empowered by law to render their services in various instances. Companies which have a paid up capital of ten lakhs or more but less than five crores, do not need to engage a full time Company Secretary on their rolls but need a compliance certificate to be issued by a practicing Company Secretary. As per the Listing Agreement, practicing company secretaries are required to issue compliance certificates pertaining to corporate governance of companies which are listed on stock exchanges. They are empowered to issue certificates and attest documents which come under the Companies Act, the SEBI Act, the Exim policy and the Depositories Act. Such authorized company secretaries can offer their services for a host of other corporate matters including joint ventures, foreign collaborations, legal, secretarial or corporate governance matters, arbitration, conciliation, project financing, project planning and similar other legal and corporate areas.
Thus, there are a vast number of secretarial firms in the country in the towns and cities which offer their services to small and large companies. Their role is vital for companies to ensure that they stay on the right side of law and hence, practicing Company Secretaryship is a well established career in the country.
No related posts. | <urn:uuid:ce53df4c-af17-4f5e-9662-9c2c4caf9167> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.companysecretary.in/practicing-company-secretary.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00113-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971325 | 492 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Apophenia: Searching for Meaning
Happy 125th Birthday to Hermann Rorschach (1884-1922), Swiss psychoanalyst who popularized the use of patient’s interpretations of ink blot as a diagnostic tool.
These techniques are now known generically as Rorschach tests. They utilize the underlying phenomenon of “apophenia,” which is the human tendency to see patterns in otherwise random data.
Rorschach’s work developed out of a childhood love of “kelcksography,” literally ‘inkblot drawing,’ invented by Justinius Kerner.
I wonder if Scottsdale voters and politicians aren’t experiencing a little apophenia in trying to interpret the bond election results? | <urn:uuid:abfaab72-da18-4225-9066-1560ca711eaa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scottsdaletrails.com/2013/11/08/apophenia-searching-meaning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.892667 | 163 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Goodbye To Bacchus: An Alcoholic Actor’s Escape From Hell by Vernon Charles - 1953
Goodbye To Bacchus: An Alcoholic Actor’s Escape From Hell by Vernon Charles
This book is a first printing from October 1953. The book is in excellent condition with minimal wear. Moderate toning to the pages. This book contains the dust jacket and is in good condition.
“On seeing this book, one immediately thinks of that friend of whom it is whispered "I'm afraid he-or she-is drinking too much." Such whispering is encouraged with a conspiracy of silence by which the family seek to hide their problem, often until it is too late for the victim to avoid disaster. This book is a narration of both success and failure in dealing with alcoholism as a disease, by an actor, who, with the aid of Alcoholics Anonymous, accepted the challenge of alcohol and won. Victory is a triumphant note in this vivid story of men and women who have laughed and cried with Bacchus. It will light the road to freedom and gladden the hearts of those who feel frustrated and baffled by any degree of addiction. Whatever their problem, give this book to the unhappy and the sorrowing: it will give them comfort and hope. Read it yourself and discover the sun-lit horizon awaiting those who dare to venture with Faith”
Please view all of the photos for the conditions. | <urn:uuid:a0c009fa-7b1f-4ce6-b499-a48c8c7618af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://recoverycollectibles.com/products/goodbye-to-bacchus-an-alcoholic-actor-s-escape-from-hell-by-vernon-charles-1953 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.953328 | 290 | 1.601563 | 2 |
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