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Originally posted on Always-On
Most people now accept that our world is in one way or another tied to or driven by technology, be it your mobile / cell phone, your computer, or even your video recorder. I, for one, see technology as an enabler. My business relies on various technologies for its very functionality. Technology has become a necessity of my working life.
Technology is now fashionable. Mobile phones are the very epitome of this techno trend and they have become social thermometers of trendiness. Among a wide age group, and from one end of the social spectrum to the other, they are the accessory of choice.
But in the mad rush to get the latest gizmo into the pockets of everyone between the ages of six and sixty, something got lost in translation. So when did technology go bad? No, we’re not talking about The Terminator or The Matrix, we’re talking about the gross neglect committed by manufacturers when they choose not to consider the social implications of their devices.
For instance, the Internet was devised as a research tool for academicians. In this scenario, there was no security model as there was no need for one. Now, all and sundry traipse up and down the information superhighway and we see the smog of data, a pall of effluence rising from the most infamous traffic jam in history: the head-on collision between the juggernaut that is spam and the long yellow bus full of noobs traveling along the information superhighway.
So we soon begin to see how the Internet has become a tool for pedophiles, criminals, bulk spammers, and other digital detritus to ply their trade. If the rules are weak, bad things will happen.
Who could have foreseen this? In the very early 80’s, no one. But that was then, this is now. Surely we’ve learned our lesson? Er .. no!
The fact of the matter is, even knowing what to avoid is not enough of an impetus to affect change. Especially when the next new whizz-bang feature on the current gadget is so alluring and appealing.
By way of example, look at the cameras built into mobile phones. In Japan, children and teenagers have been banned from news agents because of a spate of thefts involving kids photographing entire magazines and then sending the pages onto friends to read later. However you choose to look at that, it’s stealing, plain and simple.
But there’s a flip-side to this: the knee-jerk, political reaction that rushes legislation into place to fill holes that either can’t be filled or weren’t there in the first place; namely the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act of 2000.
In the UK, it seems that using a mobile phone with a hands-free kit is far more dangerous than talking to a passenger in the car you’re driving. Apparently the research supports this, but common sense doesn’t. In the end, which do you think will win out?
So you thought Microsoft was going to get away with it this time around? Wrong!
Within Microsoft Windows is a tiny little feature that can have a potentially ruinous effect on your life. A small option with big ambitions: a messenger system that allows for the instant pop-up of banner adverts and other nausea.
To the best of my knowledge, this problem has been fixed. But this demonstrates that no matter how egalitarian or philanthropic your ambitions might be, or your desire to create compelling features for your customers, someone will be waiting to exploit whatever system or mechanism you put in place.
Now we’re on the verge of the next craze with mobile / cell phones: push ring tones. Sounds great on the face of it. You get to choose and send the ring tone to the recipient’s phone, so you dictate what their ring tone sounds like when you call.
Does this not sound like the perfect vehicle to terrorize someone with crank, vile, and odious sounds, grunts, and other offensive expletives?
I could be wrong, but the difference here is that I’ve thought clearly about the social implications of what these people are throwing into a forest of waving arms, all eager to seize whatever is new this week, regardless of how it might change their lives .. be it for better or for worse… | <urn:uuid:9a2499c4-e15f-4f8a-b32f-d0c0b871ecde> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.blahblahtech.com/2005/03/social-engineering.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.946275 | 912 | 1.71875 | 2 |
The words of the women and the rhythm of their lives in the seclusion of family compounds suggests both the satisfying and the limiting aspects of a woman's role in a rural Afghan community. Filmed in the Balkh Province, an area inhabited by Tajik and other Central Asian peoples. The town of Aq Kupruk is approximately 320 miles northwest of Kabul. The theme of the film focuses on women. The film and accompaning instructor notes examine the economic, political, religious, and educational status of women, their legal and customary rights, and the degree of change in their actual and perceived roles.
The Vermont International Film Festival is a non-profit organization whose mission is to enrich the community and bring the world to Vermont through film.
Launched in 2014 by a group of filmmakers, archivists and concerned members of the public who wished to ensure the survival of artists’ films in Vermont, VAMP officially became a program of VTIFF in May 2015. The VAMP committee has broadened the initial concept to include all types of films and videos made by VT filmmakers or shot in Vermont.
The VAMP Database
The Vermont Archive Movie Project (VAMP) online database is a searchable website of Vermont films past & present, and locally produced programs. The VAMP database is generously sponsored by Vermont PBS. | <urn:uuid:90f09158-ad79-4355-a646-282fa2fee762> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vamp.vtiff.org/film/169/faces-of-change-afghanistan-series-afghan-women | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.958901 | 273 | 1.5 | 2 |
Assignment 5.1: Case Analysis: The Headaches of GlaxoWelcome;As we have seen in Module 5, positioning and branding play an influential role in the success of global companies. In this assignment, you will explore the challenges faced by a large pharmaceutical company launching migraine medication in the United Kingdom and the U.S. markets.;Procedure;1.Go to the Student Companion Site for Global Marketing Management (text).;2.On the left, click on Web Cases and then click on Cases in the center of the screen to download the cases provided with the textbook in a WinZip file. (Note: If you do not have WinZip, you can download it free.);3.Unzip the case studies, and then access Case 30, ?The Headaches of GlaxoWelcome? (Note: The cases are in Adobe Acrobat format. If you do not have Adobe Acrobat Reader, you can download it free.);4.Read the case carefully.;5.In the Forum, please comment on the following (by Wednesday);a.Why did GlaxoWelcome produce two migraine products?;b.Was the strategy taken in the UK the best one? Discuss.;c.Please read your peers' submissions and make at least one substantive comment to a posting. Respond to questions or comments by your peers and faculty.;6.In an MS Word document, answer the following questions;a.Which branding strategy would you recommend for the U.S.? Why?;b.Do you think a difference in product or branding strategy between the U.S. and UK might be problematic? Why or why not?
Paper#19975 | Written in 18-Jul-2015Price : $43 | <urn:uuid:b54ecd8f-0e42-4f50-9a6c-0884c04830e8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://studentsmerit.com/paper-detail/?paper_id=19975 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00244-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.86333 | 353 | 2.125 | 2 |
Neil Armstrong was only 6 years old when he flew for the first time. The airplane was a three-engined Ford Trimotor. This childhood experience influenced his life and awakened his fascination for flying. Even before he received his driver's license, he started his pilot license and it seemed as if he would get it before his graduation. Who would have thought that 22 years later he would write history and became the first man on the moon?
We write the 25/08/2012, the death of Neil Armstrong and day of an unforgettable splitboard mission at "Blue Moon".
Splitboard Tour Blue Moon Chile Moon 1
In our "Blue Moon" splitboard tour with Thomas Samsing, Santiago Perez and other friends, we have witnessed an astronomical event. So far I had no idea what to expect. The name "Blue Moon" raised two ideas in me. First, at moonrise it will shine in blue color and color the landscape in a mystical blue, or secondly, the moon would be just on top of us and turn blue, with an aura that obscures our vision, if we look at it for too long. But nothing like that happened.
We felt like beamed to the moon, as if we were taking the first steps in a world far away from ours and if this mission was in honor of Neil Armstrong.
"Blue Moon" is the term used when there is twice a full moon in one month. This happens about every 3 years.
So, what did we experience on this mission?
Splitboards and Skis in Tour-Mode we are hiking up to our summit. At sunset, the landscape changes color in a spectacular, very intense red to a color mixture of blue, black and orange, which I like to call "Duracell Sunset".
Then it was dark, so dark that we could not even see our hands in front of the face, because the moon is still hidden behind the mountain ranges. But then ... it flashed out the first "moonbeam" behind the mountains and yes, I am overwhelmed. It is indescribable how long can the night be and how quickly the moon illumines the sky and follows it`s track. We were witnesses to an incredible natural spectacle, like a natural amphitheater.
We enjoyed the spectacle, having our summit snack and made us full of joy and vitality on the way back through the "Magic Valley of the Moon". Ice, windpressed snow and powder should be our cocktail for today's night. Due to the height our senses are sharpened - so we proceed as usual enjoying those special moments in a landscape that we had never previously experienced in this light and mood.
Blue Moon Splitboard Tour Descent
Back at the starting point we felt grateful for this experience. We made something unique, that we might repeat in some years, but sure it will be different.
Thanks to Rodrigo Matus, co-founder of WKNDheros.com, for giving us the rights to translate his splitboard specific content and publish it for you. If you want to read the original article in Spanish, go for it | <urn:uuid:92505015-e959-4cbb-b717-40009eb13ca9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.splitboarding.eu/en/splitboard-news/blue-moon-splitboarding-chile | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720380.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00054-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967171 | 636 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Finding the perfect name for your business or product can be nerve-wracking. Will other people like it? Is it catchy? Does it sum up its purpose? Your business name is perhaps the most important part of your business name is perhaps the most important part of your brand, so it’s important to take your time and come up with the best name for your business. Here are some guidelines to help you along.
4 Types of Business Names
The four types of business names are:
Deviant names are real words that are not initially related to the company they represent. For example, Apple had nothing to do with computers until the company was started. Descriptive names use real words to describe what a company does. These names are real words that describe what the business does. Neologistic names are made-up of words that aren’t relevant to the company’s purpose. For example, Spotify isn’t a real word and doesn’t have anything to do with music. Associative names have elements that describe the business but aren’t real words. Take LinkedIn. It’s a phrase that relates to connection, transformed into a one-word business name.
Which type of name is best?
Based on Kolenda’s criteria, neologistic, associative, and deviant names are the best. Think about the qualities you care about the most in your brand and business and decide which type of name you want. If you care the most about memorability, consider an associative name like Facebook, LinkedIn, and YouTube. If you care the most about scalability, consider a neologistic name, or one that is completely made up.
For more information on how Kolenda’s original version of this chart, and for a step by step process for brainstorming each type of name, visit https://www.nickkolenda.com/brand-names.
Choose a name that is likely to be a good candidate for a trademark
One of the most important things to think about when choosing a name is how likely it is to be accepted for a trademark by the USPTO. The more distinctive and different your name is, the more likely it is to be a good candidate for a trademark. Take a look at this chart for some insight into what determines a “good candidate”.
The strongest candidates for trademarks are neologistic and associative names, as they are made up words, and therefore aren’t being used by other businesses, or deviant names, as they are not directly related to your goods and services, and are therefore unlikely to be used by another company similar to yours.
Things to avoid when naming your business
Steer clear from names that associate with:
- Adult products and services
This will have a negative effect on:
- Facebook ads
- Paypal transactions
Make it feel the way you want your brand to feel
No matter what type of name you choose, it must connect to your brand in a metaphorical, auditory, or intuitive way.
For example, if you choose a deviant name, it’s important that you can make a metaphorical connection to your brand. For instance, Bezos chose the name Amazon because the Amazon is the largest river in the world, and he wanted to build the largest bookstore in the world. The word amazon conveys the same feelings as the company – vast and unmatched.
If you choose a neologistic name, it’s important that you understand the inherent meanings of sounds, prefixes, and suffixes, and that you make up a name that feels the same as your brand. Kolenda has a lot more on this in his post.
And if you choose an associative name, make sure that you alter a word to perfectly fit your brand. For example, Pinterest takes the words “pin” and “interest” to paint an accurate description of what you do on their platform.
Empathize with your customers
Your business name must speak to your target audience.
Make sure that your customers are at the forefront of your mind when you’re choosing your business name. Put your customer profile in front of you to inspire you to come up with names that resonate with your customers. With each name that you think of, ask yourself, “Will my ideal audience understand this name? Will they like it?”
Remember, you are in business to serve your ideal customers, so your name should reflect that. What your customers desire various with each industry, product, and/or business.
Say it out loud
Does your name sound good?
Hopefully, many people will be saying the name of your business as they spread the word about how great it is. Keep that in mind and make sure to think about how your name sounds when you say it out loud. Is it easy to say? Does it have a natural rhythm?
You can use writing techniques like rhyme or alliteration to help it pop. The more fun your name it is to say, the more your future customers will want to talk about it.
Brainstorm lots of ideas
To start brainstorming, follow these different techniques to get you started:
- Surround yourself with inspiration
- Use a thesaurus
- Make metaphors
- Google it
- Do visual brainstorming
- Make it musical
- Use online name generator tools
Be patient with yourself as you name your business. Many companies undertake long brainstorming sessions in order to come up with names that work.
Keep your brand story, feelings, and values in mind, and then write down different names until one feels right. It’s best to do this with others, so if you’re a solo business owner, find some friends to sit down with you to help you come up with a good name. Surround yourself with tools like your mood board and brand survey to keep your brand values top of mind.
Narrow it down
Once you’ve brainstormed many ideas for the name of your business or product, it’s time to narrow it down! Follow the checklist below to see if any of your ideas fit the ideal name criteria.
- Is it trademarked/a good candidate for trademarking?
- Is it 3 words or less?
- Is it creative?
- Does it sound good when you say it out loud?
- Is the domain name available?
- Are all social media handles available?
- Is it memorable?
- Is it easy to pronounce?
- Does it have positive connotations in all major languages where you’ll be selling your products?
The most important thing to find out is whether your name is already trademarked, and if not if it would be possible to trademark it. If the name is already trademarked, you can’t use it.
If your name isn’t trademarked, look at the rest of the items on this list to determine if it’s a good name. Narrow it down to no more than 3-5 names.
Ask people who will give you their honest opinion about what they think of your business name.
- Do they like it?
- Can they pronounce it?
- What does it make them think of?
Once you’ve come up with a few name options, put them out there and get feedback. Ask people who will tell you their honest opinion about your name ideas. If people don’t understand your name ideas or if you get negative feedback, keep brainstorming names. You will eventually hit on the right one. Keep in mind, some of the best names are unexpected, so even if people are confused by your name, that doesn’t necessarily mean it’s not a good one.’
Although it may seem as though there are a lot of steps to finding the perfect product or business name, it’s important to keep in mind the significance of this step. By following the guidelines listed above and keeping the desires of your target market in mind, you’ll be sure to find a name that suits your product or business best.
Ready to start your own beauty product but don’t know how to get started
Learn How to Launch a Beauty Product covers every aspect of starting a beauty business, from creating a solid foundation and getting funding to manufacturing, branding, sales, and marketing. This guided approach keeps you on track and makes the process feel less overwhelming. To learn more about turning your product ideas into reality, sign up for our newsletters and read more about the course here. | <urn:uuid:8e9ed67e-e6aa-4560-8820-c6439073d37e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cremedemint.com/blog/topic/the-7-step-fool-proof-process-to-naming-your-business-or-product/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.931561 | 1,820 | 1.734375 | 2 |
- Power & Water
- Health & Safety
- Business & Management
- Buyers' Guide
In spite of a substantial fall off in world exports of diesel generating sets up to 2000 kVA, the Middle East, comparatively, showed a more modest fall. Worldwide export figures show a US$2.5bn or 28.7 per cent fall compared to a 14.6 per cent fall in the Middle East (accounting for some US$237mn). According to Customs & Excise official statistics, exports from the UK to the Middle East fell by US$115mn (19 per cent) although their sales still outrank the rest of Europe. Surprisingly, the rest of Europe showed an increase in exports against the previous year by a handy US$52mn. By comparison, the US had a large fall of approximately US$105mn, China fell by US$43mn and Japan by US$26mn.
Although countries like India, Lebanon, Turkey and Singapore failed to produce export figures for 2009, it seemed likely that they had similar falls in the region of 15 per cent at least. Based on that assumption, the Middle East market is estimated to be worth US$1.5bn overall, which still makes it a very busy market. All values shown for the Middle East include exports to six countries in North Africa such as Libya, Egypt, Algeria, Sudan, etc. as these are geographically included as Middle East territories in many marketing people’s eyes. These areas accounted for some 23 per cent of all sales in 2009, with countries such as Algeria, Egypt and Libya accounting for US$255mn.
To read more, please see the full article in Technical Review Middle East, Issue Five, 2010 | <urn:uuid:f70c7707-8e47-434c-82b2-854af4585f2f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.technicalreviewmiddleeast.com/power-a-water/genset-a-ups/diesel-generator-export-fall-still-marks-comparative-success | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00006-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951758 | 350 | 1.75 | 2 |
In order to do just that, some people will turn to homemade drug cocktails. Unfortunately, this is a risky habit. Our addiction rehab in Pompano has seen just what damage these crafty concoctions can do.
Traditionally, a drug cocktail or an AIDS cocktail was a combination of medications used to treat HIV and aids. Drug cocktails may also be used to treat ailments such as cancer. Some people have also started to refer to the term in relation to drug abuse as people will combine a variety of drugs with the intent to get high.
Some common illegal drug cocktails include:
At Banyan Pompano, we have seen the dangers of drug cocktails and the damaging effect of mixing drugs in many of our patients. While someone may come in for our prescription drug treatment in Pompano, because of drug cocktails and their addictive personality, they often require treatment for other drugs as well. While some people may mix drugs to get a better high, the effects of mixing drugs can be deadly. The biggest problem with mixing drugs is that you cannot be sure what will happen. When the chemicals in drugs interact, unforeseen side effects can occur.
The side effects of mixing drugs or mixing drugs and alcohol together can include:
While some people may think that mixing drugs is harmless, the facts reveal overwise. 14.3% of drug-related emergency room visits in 2009 in the United States involved the effects of mixing drugs and alcohol.1
The danger of drug cocktails cannot be understated. If you suspect your loved one is experimenting with drug cocktails and their drug mixing effects, do not wait to get them professional help. Our South Florida PHP care could help them kick this horrible habit before it is too late. | <urn:uuid:22ccd22d-69a0-4de6-a52f-f7ae5c03b48d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.banyantreatmentcenter.com/2019/08/29/dangers-of-drug-cocktails-pompano/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.975734 | 352 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) Application in Aselsan Radio system is implemented as a special data application. Customizations and prioritizations are made in accordance with SCADA data.
SCADA systems usually work in master - slave configuration. Slave devices (RTU: Remote Terminal Unit) respond to inquiries from the master device. In Aselsan radio system, Data Server Service is running as the Master Device in the application server connected to Radio Switching Device. Inquiries come from the data server service and go to slave devices. In data server service, conflict prevention and performance enhancement algorithms are operated. SCADA service is supported in both conventional and trunk radio systems.
Slave RTU devices are connected directly to the serial port. For SCADA RTU, a special protocol is operated on the radio. The radio sends the data packages considered as SCADA data to its attached RTU and sends the data packages from RTU to Central Data Service via the appropriate channel.
The main applications of SCADA system are given below:
Level control and valve control applications in water depots
High voltage line control applications
Oil pipeline safety and control
Train and Subway line control | <urn:uuid:844d1daf-edce-445d-9e91-01d46d20a05f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aselsan.com.tr/en/capabilities/public-safety-communication-systems/applicationsfunctions/scada-applications | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.900465 | 241 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Paul M. Dombrowski, ed. Humanistic Aspects of Technical Communication. Amityville, New York: Baywood Publishing Company, 1994. viii + 239 pp. $51.95 (paper), ISBN 978-0-89503-160-0; $64.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-0-89503-159-4.
Reviewed by John Gooch (Texas Tech University)
Published on H-PCAACA (December, 1996)
In the spirit of Carolyn Miller's "A Humanistic Rationale for Technical Communication" (1979) and Steven B. Katz's "The Ethic of Expediency" (1992), Paul Dombrowski's Humanistic Aspects of Technical Communication (1994) further emphasizes the need for attention to the "human" element in technical communication. In recent years, scholars of technical communication have become increasingly aware of the importance of the human condition, and furthermore, that this human condition poses implications for technical communicators as they design and develop discourse. In relating this theme of "humanistic aspects," Dombrowski organizes the anthology into four major areas: rhetoric of science, social constructionism, feminist perspectives, and ethics. The book concerns itself primarily with establishing that social and cultural influences have played no small role in the development of scientific discourse and technical communication, broadly defined, as an academic field of inquiry. Furthermore, the text rebuts traditional positivistic notions of knowledge and language which assume that "the objective world can be known directly and this knowledge remains separate from language and the theories articulated in language" (p. 7).
The text provides a more postmodern look at the field because the essays argue the importance of social and cultural issues in the development of technical communication. In each of the four sections of the text, the authors argue technical communicators exist in a social and cultural context in which they create knowledge, and that this context directly influences the creation of that knowledge and the development of technical discourse. In the section devoted to the rhetoric of science, R. Allen Harris and Alan Gross argue that the scientist operates in a socially situated paradigm which requires rhetoric to advance a particular belief. The idea that persons exist in communities and the community's beliefs impact the construction and development of knowledge is further advanced by both Miller and Dombrowski in the section entitled "Social Constructionism." In addition, Mary Lay and Jo Allen advance that gender issues pose important implications for the technical and scientific communicator. Finally, Mike Markel and Dale Sullivan heighten the awareness of the social/cultural context by exploring ethical issues for the technical communicator.
These essays represent changes in mentalities which govern and advance the field of technical communication. Furthermore, Dombrowski's anthology significantly contributes to the body of research in technical communication. Much of the text focuses on scientific communication; little information specifically addresses technical communication such as on-line documentation, manuals, and proposals. Moreover, the text provides no discussion of technologically-based communication whatsoever because the book does not offer any ideas with regard to the implications of the World Wide Web and hyper-text for technical communication. Discussions related to the use of technology and humanistic aspects of technical communication would not only be timely, but they would also be important as practitioners approach the twenty-first century. However, the text does present sound philosophical perspectives and does advance the importance of social and cultural issues in technical communication.
This review is copyrighted (c) 1997 by H-Net and the Popular Culture and the American Culture Associations. It may be reproduced electronically for educational or scholarly use. The Associations reserve print rights and permissions. (Contact: P.C.Rollins at the following electronic address: Rollins@osuunx.ucc.okstate.edu)
If there is additional discussion of this review, you may access it through the network, at: https://networks.h-net.org/h-pcaaca.
John Gooch. Review of Dombrowski, Paul M., ed., Humanistic Aspects of Technical Communication.
H-PCAACA, H-Net Reviews.
Copyright © 1996 by H-Net and the Popular Culture and the American Culture Associations, all rights reserved. H-Net permits the redistribution and reprinting of this work for nonprofit, educational purposes, with full and accurate attribution to the author, web location, date of publication, originating list, and H-Net: Humanities & Social Sciences Online. For any other proposed use, contact P.C. Rollins at Rollins@osuunx.ucc.okstate.edu or the Reviews editorial staff at firstname.lastname@example.org. | <urn:uuid:ab890c57-a431-44fe-8b8e-244bc51d695f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=755 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00143-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.879696 | 960 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Living in a hyper-related logistics industry, it is hard to determine the forms of new technological advancements that will happen to cut back the cost and time of massive business homes. Promotional messages that were thought-about spam at one time can now straight be seen by the customers on his mobile screen, updating them about the new provides or products. Technological methods use technology by taking something, altering it, then producing a consequence.
It supplies a possibility to boost understanding of the relationships between information and research related to life sciences and technology. New cell textual content messaging technologies like , can be utilized by lecturers to remind their college students about analysis work, remind them to prepare for a take a look at or examination.
Finally, data of psychology and cultural perception methods are needed to coach the info that technology makes use of to mine, monitor, and manipulate information. 4. Facilitate communication between enterprise and technology management. Technology is a body of data dedicated to creating instruments, processing actions and the extracting of materials.
Technological change is in large part liable for most of the secular developments in such fundamental parameters of the human situation as the scale of the world inhabitants, life expectancy, education ranges, material standards of residing,and the nature of labor, communication, well being care, warfare, and the consequences of human activities on the natural environment.
In addition, technology ensures readability, in both audio and visual programs, thus one can take pleasure in each area of communication. They understood that a lifetime spent enjoying with what others viewed as toys and mindless devices would eventually lead to indispensable technology. | <urn:uuid:6211ef31-5714-4693-b5c9-eceb52b6c6aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thatawkwardmomentmovie.com/scientists-and-researchers-reveal-13-darkish-technology-situations-that-hold-them-up-at-evening-business.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.944101 | 322 | 2.5 | 2 |
The Benefits Of Taking Care Of Your Physique With Cannabis
What are the important things about marijuana? Even if this might appear to be a dumb question to inquire about, studies show that it can have great benefits for treating and decreasing the indications of several health conditions. A few of these are: Cancer, MS (Multiple Sclerosis), Glaucoma, Epilepsy (matches) and Crohn’s sickness (intestinal tract problems). Precisely what is “marijuana”? Well, it’s marijuana resin, that has been utilized because olden days as a medical therapy for a number of health conditions.
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Both the main elements of cannabis are THC and CBD. Nearly all of what people think about as cannabis is definitely CBD, not THC. Once you buy cannabis, it’s generally inside a solution or product shape, which you cigarette smoke or dab on the skin. But do you know that it is possible to carry it in the form of a tincture? Indeed, you may! Here are a few benefits associated with CBD that you may possibly not have access to been aware of:
Pimples – It’s been shown that this topical cream applying of nccih can certainly help cut down bad acne. The reason being nccih has strong anti-inflammatory properties and minimizes pain the result of irritation. In reality, most medical professionals will advocate using marijuana shrub components for light to nominal varieties of bad acne because it is impressive in cutting inflammation and puffiness. Be sure to seek out the counsel of an skin specialist before ingesting cannabis.
Pain Alleviation – It has been proven that the topical cream application of nccih can help cut down constant pain should you suffer from intense zits. It is most effective when coupled with other healing methods such as electrical, massages and heat activation. Give some thought to attempting cannabis acquire, which is technically been shown to be a good natural way to obtain relief of pain, if you are searching for natural pain alleviation. It is also a wonderful way to address menstruation cramping along with other migraines related to panic and stress. If you are looking for other types of treatment method, take into consideration looking into the use of marijuana.
Major depression – One of several health-related great things about marijuana is that it can work as an antidepressant. It is because it includes two pretty particular elements, which are known as thiamine and delta-7-th Cannabidiol (CBD). Theanine is really a robust all-natural neurotransmitter that may function within your body with out the negative unwanted effects that a majority of pharmaceutic medicinal drugs induce. Delta-7-th Cannabidiol is just what essentially definitely makes the CBD provde the health-related rewards, which can be anti-depressants.
Epilepsy – Inside the the past several years, we have seen a boost in the effective use of marijuana for the treatment of epileptic convulsions. Epilepsy occurs when your seizure signs and symptoms end up unresponsive to standard medications. Epilepsy is typically dealt with making use of prescription medication drug treatments, which may come with uncomfortable unwanted effects. The benefit of utilizing plant marijuana sativa is always that it can be used as a replacement therapy to get your seizures under control devoid of the unpleasant side-effects that many pharmaceuticals offer you.
Soreness Management – Most people use weed for ache operations. You could buy numerous various types of stresses, each one aimed towards another type of ache that you can be being affected by. You will probably choose strains that are created to focus on that exact agony should you suffer from joint pain. Additionally you can use stresses which are thought to help with that exact problem when you have continual low back pain. Keep in mind that working with marijuana like a painkiller will get you enslaved by the prescription drug, and that is against the regulations.
Nausea and Vomiting – It appears as though each time you turn around there is yet another new benefit to cannabis available on the market. From being able to help with persistent soreness to preventing vomiting and nausea, this shrub has several functions. For cancers radiation treatment affected individuals, there are some stresses of cannabis which might be presumed to relieve the side effects in the medicine. Actually, there is certainly even some facts available that shows it has been determined to truly protect against tumors radiation treatment treatments from being employed as perfectly. For people who are under-going chemo, this is certainly definitely anything to take into consideration.
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Chris Walker, the author of Getting Started with Netduino, is presenting a free webcast (preregistration required) on Friday, April 13, 2012:
Start building electronics projects with Netduino, the popular open source hardware platform that’s captured the imagination of makers and hobbyists worldwide. Join Chris Walker, inventor of the Netduino and author of Getting Started with Netduino for an exciting webcast presentation where he will provide an overview of projects you can create with Netduino as well as what you need to experiment with Netduino and the .NET Micro Framework.
With the recent announcement of the Netduino Go, this will be an interesting webcast!
In the Maker Shed:
Netduino is an open source electronics platform using the .NET Micro Framework. The board features a 32-bit microcontroller and a rich development environment, making it a perfect solution for engineers and hobbyists alike. | <urn:uuid:996876ac-2250-446e-a2f5-029b1db291a5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://makezine.com/2012/04/06/free-webcast-from-author-of-getting-started-with-netduino-chris-walker/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00106-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.891437 | 184 | 2.078125 | 2 |
H. B. 4303
(By Delegates Manypenny, Longstreth, Caputo,
Diserio and D. Poling)
[Introduced January 24, 2014; referred to the
Committee on Industry and Labor then the Judiciary.]
A BILL to amend the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended, by adding a new article, designated §21-3E-1, §21-3E-2, §21-3E-3, §21-3E-4 and §21-3E-5, all relating to creating the Oil and Gas Drilling Workplace Safety Act; providing a short title; providing for rule-making; setting forth minimum requirements for the rules; establishing the applicability of worker’s compensation and the potential loss of immunity; providing special requirements; requiring injuries to be reported; requiring quarterly reports and the reports to be public; and providing for monetary penalties.
Be it enacted by the Legislature of West Virginia:
That the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended, be amended by adding thereto a new article, designated §21-3E-1, §21-3E-2, §21-3E-3, §21-3E-4 and §21-3E-5, all to read as follows:
ARTICLE 3E. THE OIL AND GAS DRILLING WORKPLACE ACT.
§21-3E-1. Short title.
This article shall be known and may be cited as the “Oil and Gas Drilling Workplace Safety Act."
§21-3E-2. Rule-making authority.
(a) The commission, in conjunction with the Department of Environmental Protection, shall propose rules for legislative approval pursuant to article three, chapter twenty-nine-a of this code to provide for enhanced workplace safety requirements and employee training requirements for all oil and gas drilling operations in the state. The rules shall include, but are not limited to, requirements relating to exposure to chemicals, work hours for both drilling site employees and employees involved in transportation, including truck drivers working on and off the drill rig site, safety of machinery, proper care and treatment of clothing worn on drilling sites, use of proper masks to protect worker respiratory health, use of proper lighting, safety of living conditions for workers, safety of site location, including stability of ground surfaces necessary to support all equipment used at drilling sites, and required duration of training.
(b) The rules issued pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall be printed in English in at least fourteen point type and conspicuously posted in a visible and prominent location at each oil and gas drilling site location.
§21-3E-3. Applicability of the workers' compensation; loss of immunity.
Notwithstanding any provision of this code to the contrary, in the event any covered employer conducting oil and gas drilling operations in this state fails to make the provision of payment of disability or death benefits as required by article four, chapter twenty-three of this code, that employer loses its immunity otherwise available to it and all the elements of “deliberate intention” as per subdivision (2), subsection (d), section two of that article shall have been met.
§21-3E-4. Special requirements.
(a) All applicants for a new drilling permit for an oil and gas drilling operation shall utilize union workers or workers who have been trained or are undergoing training, appropriate for the type of and scope of work to be performed, where such training is through a valid apprenticeship program or an educational institution or school chartered, licensed or registered by the Department of Education, or a provider approved by the Department of Education. Following completion of training required by this section, a certificate of completion shall be issued by the apprenticeship program, educational institution, school or provider, and shall be conspicuously posted at each site location where the holder of the certificate is employed and shall be made available to the public upon request.
(b) Any subcontractors or other independent contractors at such permitted sites shall also agree to the employment of or contractual relation with the same type of workers. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this section shall be construed to mandate an employer or contractor subject to this section to exclusively require the use of union labor at a construction site or to be in violation of any federal prohibition regarding the same.
§21-3E-5. Reports of injuries.
(a) A drilling permit holder must report to the commissioner any workplace accident occurring at the oil or gas drilling location by the close of business of the commissioner's next business day. In the event a drilling permit holder fails to report any workplace accident pursuant to this subsection, the commissioner may by order which particularly describes the nature of the violation, assess the permit holder a civil penalty of not more than $1,000 for the first such violation, not more than $2,000 for a second violation and not more than $3,000 for a third or subsequent violation. The penalty shall be paid to the commissioner for deposit in the State Treasury. In assessing the amount of the penalty, the commissioner shall give due consideration to the size of the employer's business, the good faith of the employer, the history of previous violations and the failure with any other record-keeping requirements.
(b) The commissioner must publish a quarterly report on all workplace accidents occurring at oil or gas drilling locations. The quarterly reports shall be available for public review, in writing and via an online format on the commission’s website.
NOTE: The purpose of this bill is to create the Oil and Gas Drilling Workplace Act. The bill provides a short title. The bill provides for rule-making. The bill sets forth the minimum requirements of the rules. The bill establishes the applicability of worker’s compensation and a potential loss of immunity. The bill provides special requirements. The bill requiring injuries to be reported. The bill requires quarterly reports and the reports to be public. The bill provides for monetary penalties.
This article is new; therefore, it has been completely underscored. | <urn:uuid:28d5ceb5-7d5f-443f-b247-e8a6e3410a8a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.legis.state.wv.us/Bill_Status/bills_text.cfm?billdoc=hb4303%20intr.htm&yr=2014&sesstype=RS&i=4303 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00451-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927615 | 1,256 | 1.765625 | 2 |
No one likes to hear their baby cry. It's frustrating for you and it seems pretty stressful for your baby...
No one likes to hear their baby cry. It's frustrating for you and it seems pretty stressful for your baby too. There are some ways you can actually have a calmer less likely to cry baby. Sound to good to be true? Well, the catch of course is that no two people, thus no two babies are exactly alike. What works for one may not work for another. However, that said, studies show that communities and mamas who do the following have babies that tend to cry less. Most of these tools involve what some people call attachment or intuitive parenting. I'm not so sure I love either title, simply because attachment to me sounds almost like your child is a Lego piece and intuitive suggests that if we aren't feeling particularly intuitive there's something wrong (there's not -- we all have days when we need parenting help). Maybe I'll call it baby focused parenting. I like that, because it's true. If you focus on your baby he is likely to cry less. Try the following baby focused tips to try and stay one step ahead of the tears.
- Carry or hold your baby as much as you can. You can get a sling or simply use your arms. Your touch is one of the most soothing things you can do for your baby.
- Be responsive. This means if your baby starts to cry or looks as if he's looking for you -- respond. Talk to him, pick him up, change his diaper, try different things. The more you respond the more you'll learn what works to sooth your baby at different times.
- Breastfeed. Like touch, breastfeeding is soothing to your baby. Also, babies who breastfeed have less air in their tummy which equals less tummy upset which cycles back to this whole no crying thing we're trying to achieve.
- Sleep with your baby. Certain groups have come forward as of late saying that co-sleeping is bad, dangerous, and a whole other slew of negatives. I will tell you that one, I slept with my little and he is perfectly fine. Two, most cultures co-sleep. America frowns on it and yet we have higher rates of SIDS than places that always co-sleep. This is a much longer conversation for another time. But, all the co-sleeping babies I've known cry less. Period. If you aren't comfortable with co-sleeping, at least have your baby in the same room with you. Remember the point "be responsive" it's hard to be responsive if your baby is across the hall.
- Include your baby. Include him in all that you do. Talk to him while you wash dishes, play with him, read to him, let him sit nearby while you eat. Show him the same respect that you show your friends or partner. Just because babies are small and cannot talk or move as much as us they still have feeling and love to be included in your world. | <urn:uuid:5dd05234-39e8-4dfa-b122-558ccac477fb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pregnancyandbaby.com/baby/articles/929197/ways-to-stop-crying-before-it-starts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00341-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980169 | 623 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Would you consider yourself an 'expert' group fitness instructor? Before you answer that question, let's first take a look at how Wikipedia defines an expert: "someone who has a prolonged or intense experience through practice and education in a particular field. In general, someone with extensive knowledge or ability based on research, experience, or occupation in a particular area of study."
By definition, this narrows it down to two key components when it comes to being considered an expert: intense experience through practice and education.
Practice is simply putting what you've learned into action. It's what the fitness industry refers to as 'practical' learning and application. For a certified group fitness instructor, it's either attending a live workshop or leading a class. The second component, which is arguably just as important (if not more), is education, otherwise known as 'theoretical' learning. 'Theoretical' learning occurs in a lecturetype setting, either through a live certification course or an online program.
What's one way to help get your Agame when it comes to mastering your skillset as a group fitness instructor? Take other 'expert' instructor's live workshops and classes. It's a great way to learn from the best and to get a different perspective.
Pay close attention to everything that is going on from the introduction to the music, energy, cueing, and engagement (how the instructor connects with the members by walking around the studio, making eye contact, and the words they are using) with the participants. You'd be surprised how many 'golden nuggets' are there for the taking, even if you don't teach the same format or group fitness category. You will find parts that resonate stronger than others while getting immediate feedback at the same time. And even if you don't teach the same format, it doesn't mean there's no value from the session. More on this later.
However, one word of advice when it comes to teaching your classes (online or in-person): be YOURSELF. All of those 'golden nuggets' that you are taking away can be shared, but you need to deliver your personality to the participants. Be authentic and don't try to be someone else's clone.
A group fitness instructor should always have the mindset of being a student of the industry. They owe it to not only themselves, but also the members who participate in their classes. It's the instructor's professional responsibility to know the industry's most current and trending programs, scientific philosophies, and methodologies.
Here are some standard educational practices that you can do to help build your reputation as an 'expert' group fitness instructor:
1. Read industry publications
AFAA and NASM's quarterly publication, American Fitness, is a digital magazine that contains informative articles covering a wide variety of health and wellness topics written by some of the industry's top experts.
2. Attend at least one fitness convention a year
AFAA and NASM's Optima Conference is a great event to attend. There are over 100 educational sessions and workshops led by Master Instructors and experts in fitness and wellness.
3. Invest in continued education
Keep up with the latest info and trends in the industry by attending workshops and getting additional certifications or specializations. You not only expand your knowledge, but you can increase your earning potential by offering additional services or teaching other group fitness formats.
Don't become a onedimensional instructor. The more you learn and diversify your knowledge, the stronger the 'expert' you become. | <urn:uuid:bafb7361-9c0a-4f21-84cf-28e90470824a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blog.afaa.com/how-to-increase-your-skill-set-as-a-group-fitness-instructor | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.945412 | 742 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Too many drivers on Staten Island view double-parking simply as a convenience (when they do it) or an annoyance (when others do).
It’s actually an illegal hazard. Double-parked vehicles block traffic lanes and force other vehicles to swerve around them, often into oncoming traffic. That puts other drivers and pedestrians at risk.
Double-parkers across the city are going to be reminded of that fact the hard way as the Police Department begins to enforce “Operation Move Along.
Violators will be ticketed with hefty fines of $115.
Let’s hope this sends the message loud and clear that double-parking is against the law for very good reasons.
It not only impedes traffic, adding to congestion in a borough already plagued by it; it also increases the risk of a collision that can cause injury or death.
Drivers trying to pass double-parked vehicles on our teeming streets often have their vision blocked to a significant degree — enough to put others in harm’s way.
Though obvious, none of this seems to matter to enough Island drivers to significantly quell double parking.
Now there is a nasty surprise in store for some.
“The fine would be fair – but only if I leave the car,” one man told the Advance as he sat behind the wheel of a double-parked vehicle on Hyatt Street in St. George.
But the hefty ticket can be issued any time a car is double-parked, whether or not the driver is on hand. Double-parked vehicles block traffic, whether the driver is in the vehicle or not.
“It’s ridiculous, that fine,” said another driver whose vehicle was double-parked on Richmond Terrace. “I would never just leave my car.”
Nevertheless, thousands of police officers and traffic enforcement agents are going to be on the lookout for vehicles double-parked, with or without a driver inside.
That’s especially true on the busy North Shore of Staten Island, one of the areas in the city that the NYPD is targeting under the “Operation Move Along.”
The new police commissioner, William Bratton, who has held the job previously in New York City, Boston and Los Angeles, intends to enforce the double-parking blitz vigorously.
He supports “broken-windows” law and order:
“If you take care of the little things, then you can prevent a lot of the big things. That has been the foundation of my policing philosophy for 40 years.”
Right. A de-facto, look-the-other-way tolerance of double-parking would lead to the expectation that other traffic laws can be violated with impunity.
So you shouldn’t think that authorities have better things to do than to levy fines on drivers who double-park. The issue of public safety is the compelling factor.
For example, double-parking is rampant on the streets around Island schools at arrival and dismissal times. This endangers parents, school staff and children.
It remains to be seen what impact “Operation Move Along” will have on that chronic problem.
But it’s not just a new bid by the city to raise money, despite what the cynics say.
For everybody’s sake, the campaign against double parking ought to be taken seriously.
If you don’t, it could very well cost you $115. | <urn:uuid:581b1575-bbde-42cc-ae46-eaeb91c884f1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.silive.com/opinion/editorials/index.ssf/2014/03/target_double-parking_north_sh.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00498-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957366 | 728 | 1.59375 | 2 |
6.33 cubic feet, 10 CDs, 1727 DVDs
The records of the Missouri Veterans History Project contain the local copy of veteran oral history interviews recorded for the Veterans History Project at the Library of Congress. The records include audio, video, interview logs, and some transcripts. The former Western Historical Manuscript Collection, a joint collection with the State Historical Society of Missouri, was a founding partner of the Veterans History Project in 2001.
This collection can be requested to view at State Historical Society of Missouri research centers. Appointments are strongly encouraged to ensure that requested materials are available at the time of your visit. Make an appointment using the research request form.
The State Historical Society of Missouri collects materials documenting all aspects of Missouri history. Some of our paper and digital collections as well as older finding aids may include harmful or outdated language and could be considered offensive. SHSMO does not censor its collections, but we endeavor to be accurate and inclusive in how we describe them.
We are committed to revising and updating our descriptive language; however, with thousands of finding aids, this is ongoing and will take time. When processing new collections, we will occasionally re-use language provided by creators and former owners of the collection because it provides important context about the materials or appears in the formal names of organizations or titles of materials in the collection. In all finding aids, archivists work to contextualize the contents of manuscript collections. | <urn:uuid:617fb728-e214-4733-a8fb-6e45e2856afb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://collections.shsmo.org/index.php/manuscripts/columbia/c4052 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.932313 | 289 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Though many baby boomers are still actively taking steps to advance their careers, many are no doubt counting down to retirement. No matter which camp you’re in, you should obviously be focused on building a nest egg so you have money to pay the bills once your workforce exit becomes official. But here’s another financial goal that should grab your attention: building a solid emergency fund. And, unfortunately, a large number of baby boomers are behind in this regard.
In a recent Bankrate study, 43% of baby boomers owned up to having either less than three months’ worth of living expenses in the bank or no immediate savings at all. And that’s a mistake they need to rectify quickly, before the next financial emergency strikes.
Regardless of where you are in life, you need a solid level of emergency savings to protect yourself from unplanned bills or periods of unemployment. At a minimum, you should have three months’ worth of living expenses socked away, with six months of expenses being a more ideal target. Incidentally, only 36% of baby boomers reached the latter savings milestone as per the aforementioned study, which means the majority of older workers still have a gap to fill.
Of course, one reason boomers might neglect their emergency funds is…
that they’re aggressively trying to save for retirement. And that logic makes sense. If your golden years are nearing and your nest egg isn’t where you want it to be, it stands to reason that you’d want to stick any extra cash you get into your IRA or 401(k) to grow that money while you can.
Here’s the problem, though: If you don’t have adequate cash reserves, you may be tempted to take an early withdrawal from a retirement plan to cover an unplanned expense. And that could hurt you in multiple ways.
For one thing, if you remove funds from a traditional IRA or 401(k) before reaching age 59 1/2, you’ll face an early withdrawal penalty equal to 10% of the amount you remove. This means that if you run into a $5,000 expense and decide to withdraw that much from either type of account, you’ll lose $500 off the bat. You’ll also pay taxes on whatever sum you remove, though to be fair, that would be the case in retirement as well.
But what’s perhaps even worse than that 10% penalty is that by removing funds from your nest egg prematurely, you’ll lose out on whatever growth that money could’ve achieved. Imagine you’re 57 years old and your goal is to retire at 70. You lose your job unexpectedly and take a $10,000 distribution from your IRA to cover your bills while you look for new work. Meanwhile, the rest of your IRA is averaging a 7% annual return, and it continues to generate that same return over the next 13 years. By removing that $10,000, you’ll end up losing out on $24,000 in retirement income when you factor in potential growth.
That’s why it’s rarely, if ever, a good idea to tap your nest egg for anything other than paying the bills in retirement. But if you don’t have an adequate emergency fund, you may have no choice but to go that route. So don’t put yourself in that position. Comb through your budget, find ways to cut corners, and start sticking whatever money you don’t spend month after month in the bank. You might also consider a temporary side gig to drum up that extra cash. The beauty of starting a side hustle later in life is that you might get the option to carry it with you into retirement, where it can serve as a backup income stream at a time when you no longer have a paycheck coming in.
No matter what steps you take to build a solid emergency fund, make that your focus above all else. In fact, you may have to scale back on contributing to your nest egg while you work to build immediate savings, but it’s a setback worth facing if it means buying yourself financial security for the near term.
The $16,728 Social Security bonus most retirees completely overlook
If you’re like most Americans, you’re a few years (or more) behind on your retirement savings. But a handful of little-known “Social Security secrets” could help ensure a boost in your retirement income. For example: one easy trick could pay you as much as $16,728 more… each year! Once you learn how to maximize your Social Security benefits, we think you could retire confidently with the peace of mind we’re all after. Simply click here to discover how to learn more about these strategies.
The Motley Fool has a disclosure policy. | <urn:uuid:6409d21d-3e9d-4490-8a63-b616e337ead4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://over50finance.com/2018/06/25/43-of-baby-boomers-are-making-this-big-mistake/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.954607 | 1,006 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Former President George W. Bush speechwriter Marc Thiessen pens a must-read in the Washington Post in response to the “prisoner exchange” of five high-level Taliban terrorists in Gitmo for US Army Sgt. Bowe Bergdahl, suspected of being a deserter sympathetic to the enemy (hat tip):
If anyone doubts that the five senior Taliban leaders President Obama released this weekend will return to the fight and kill more Americans, they need only look at what happened when the George W. Bush administration released a Taliban leader named Mullah Abdul Qayyum Zakir (a.k.a. Abdullah Ghulam Rasoul) in 2007.
Unlike the terrorists Obama just set free, Zakir was assessed by our military as only “medium risk” of returning to the fight. At Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, Zakir pretended to be a low-ranking conscript and told officials he simply wanted to “go back home and join my family” and promised “I [have] never been America’s enemy and I never intend to be.”
But when he returned to Afghanistan, he quickly became one of America’s fiercest enemies, directly responsible for the deaths of U.S., coalition and Afghan forces. In 2009, Zakir was appointed as the Taliban’s “surge commander” in charge of countering Obama’s new strategy to deny the Taliban safe haven in southern Afghanistan. According to the Times of London, Zakir instituted a campaign of “increasingly sophisticated [roadside] explosives attacks” that killed British and U.S. forces as well as many Afghan civilians. He waged relentless war on the United States and presided over unspeakable atrocities before stepping down from military command in April. To this day, he remains a top member of the Taliban leadership council.
The five Taliban leaders Obama released will now take up where Zakir left off. According to our own military, they are all “high risk” to return to the fight. How dangerous are these men? Here is what the U.S. military says about them, according to their leaked assessments from Guantanamo Bay.
Mullah Norullah Noori is “one of the most significant former Taliban officials detained at JTF-GTMO.” He “led troops against US and Coalition forces” and “was directly subordinate to Taliban Supreme Leader Mullah Omar,” is “associated with members of al-Qaida” and is “wanted by the UN for possible war crimes.” Noori’s “brother is currently a Taliban commander conducting operations against US and Coalition forces,” and Noori “would likely join his brother if released.”
There’s a reason we don’t negotiate with terrorists in hostage/POW situations, and Thiessen does a thorough job of explaining exactly why. Make sure to read the whole thing. | <urn:uuid:8e5e481b-24f0-457e-8320-5571ac2a1e75> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sistertoldjah.com/archives/2014/06/03/chilling-look-happens-release-terrorists/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00385-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960094 | 616 | 1.59375 | 2 |
What could be causing gasoline to get into my oil?
I have gas in the oil of my 1979 Olds Cutlass. Is it possible that a bad distributor is causing this? -- Greg
RAY: Is it possible that space aliens were responsible for the Iran-Contra affair? Sure. But it's not very likely.
TOM: It's more likely that the carburetor is letting excess gasoline into the cylinders, and that some of that unburned gasoline is getting into the oil by flowing down the cylinder walls.
RAY: Although it's possible that a bad distributor could leave unburned gasoline in the cylinders -- by providing too weak a spark to burn all of the gas -- it's far more likely that the problem resides in the carburetor.
TOM: If you're lucky, it could be something simple like a misadjusted choke or faulty choke pull-off.
RAY: If you're not as lucky, it could be something inside the carburetor like a bad float, faulty jets or just OCCS (Old, Cruddy Carburetor Syndrome). Any of these problems would require a carburetor rebuild. And we'd suggest a factory-rebuilt carburetor.
TOM: And you shouldn't wait, Greg. Because of this problem, your engine has gasoline where it's supposed to have oil. And gasoline is a lousy lubricant. So unless you're trying to drive this car into the ground so you'll have an excuse to get another one, I'd get this fixed as soon as possible. | <urn:uuid:c3f17916-1997-402f-9688-75bd3b098b06> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cartalk.com/content/i-have-gas-oil-my-olds-cutlass | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00453-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971261 | 320 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Nancy Pelosi. Remember Her?
You really don't hear much about Rep. Nancy Pelosi these days. Which is really saying something since as House Speaker just a year ago she was seemingly at the center of everything.
Including the health-care law which might not have happened had it not been for her skillfully navigating one of the most ambitious and controversial pieces of the legislation in modern memory past potent opposition.
Now the first woman speaker in history is an afterthought. Or maybe worse.
She's the "incredible shrinking woman according to Politico.com's Jonathan Allen. In fact, she was in Massachusetts last week when the framework for a spending deal was reached to avoid a shutdown between the principals, President Obama, Speaker John Boehner and Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid.
Even more interesting, her presence wasn't wanted.
In fact, Democratic and Republican sources tell POLITICO, none of the power brokers wanted her in the room. They feared that her presence and her defense of liberal values would have made it impossible for Obama to cut a deal with Boehner. The sources say Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell of Kentucky also was excluded so the White House could justify keeping Pelosi out.
Boehner, more or less, had McConnell's proxy in negotiating with Senate Democrats and the White House.
That they felt like they couldn't get a deal with her in the room suggests how effective she must be in such negotiations.
After all, the president could have just nodded politely at Pelosi, agreed with her about defending the poor and powerless and other liberal priorities and cut a deal with Boehner anyway. Presidents have been known to do that sort of thing.
But apparently no one was willing to take the risk that she would stop the deal. So maybe she's not so powerless after all? Copyright 2011 National Public Radio. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/. | <urn:uuid:e1637f48-343e-4b5d-9809-d7dded580497> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://weku.fm/post/nancy-pelosi-remember-her | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00239-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981989 | 382 | 1.929688 | 2 |
A dog welfare charity has welcomed an 11.5% reduction in the number of dogs entering the pound system in Ireland.
Statistics released by the Department of the Environment, Community and Local Government show that nearly 15,500 dogs entered Irish pounds last year.
The figures also reveal a 21% reduction in the number of dogs being put down in pounds last year compared to 2012.
Ten dogs a day and over 3,500 dogs a year are still being put down in Irish pounds.
The number of greyhounds put down in pounds remains high at 427 in 2013, compared to 404 in 2012.
Dogs Trust Executive Director Mark Beazley said: "When a dog is picked up by a dog warden and enters the pound system as a stray, the pound has a legal obligation to keep the dog for five days in case the owner comes forward looking for their pet.
"However, when a dog is handed over by its owner, the pound has no legal obligation to keep it for any length of time and the dog could be put to sleep the same day.
"The majority of these dogs are healthy animals surrendered by owners who cannot or, in some cases, will not care for their pet any more." | <urn:uuid:ebc310cf-09cc-4e65-8508-f8ab979008ff> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.rte.ie/news/2014/0423/610484-reduction-in-number-of-dogs-entering-pound-system/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00337-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971536 | 249 | 2.4375 | 2 |
A group calling itself the San Clemente Vacation Rental Alliance is suing the city, trying to overturn restrictions the group says could reduce vacation rentals by 87 percent.
In May, the City Council voted to restrict most vacation rentals to designated visitor-serving sections of town, impose parking constraints and, in low-density residential neighborhoods, give existing operators two years to shut down.
James Payne, spokesman for the group that is suing, said he and his wife, Lynn, have owned a vacation rental in San Clemente for 14 years and enjoy staying in it but also rent the home to couples and to small families when not in residence. Unless overturned, he said the city’s rules will eliminate vacation-rental homes that have operated lawfully for many years in accordance with city-issued permits.
Payne said the City Council violated state laws by not obtaining a permit from the California Coastal Commission to impose the restrictions and not preparing an environmental impact report. He said this lawsuit comes on the heels of other lawsuits the City Council is facing over prior “aggressive land-use actions” on sober-living homes, sites for a homeless shelter and constricting what owners of San Clemente’s now-closed hospital can do with their property.
Alisha Winterswyk, an attorney representing the city, had no comment on the vacation-rental lawsuit. “At this point we are still assessing all of the claims,” she said. “The city has authorized our office to defend the lawsuit. We will be doing that over the next several months.”
The City Council invoked the restrictions in response to pleas from residents who said a rapid rise in vacation rentals has disrupted neighborhoods. Before halting the growth, the city had issued more than 500 permits for vacation rentals, mostly in residential neighborhoods near the beach.
“It’s kind of a collision between technology and new ways of doing things,” Payne said, observing how worldwide internet marketing and booking have spurred the growth.
The lawsuit states that the city imposed the restrictions despite a letter from the Coastal Commission staff stating that the restrictions require a coastal development permit.
At a July 15 Coastal Commission meeting, Joe Janis of San Clemente spoke on behalf of a group calling itself Protecting Our Neighborhoods. “Our mission,” he said, “is to preserve and protect the residential neighborhoods and keep them from becoming commercialhoods.”
He and a second speaker said that businesses are continually cycling strangers into neighborhoods already stressed with summer beach visitors, narrow streets and insufficient parking. Janis said the city hasn’t placed an outright ban on vacation rentals as some cities have, just limited them to visitor-serving parts of town.
“Throughout the state, this is a huge issue and it’s an emotional issue,” Jack Ainsworth, acting director of the Coastal Commission, told commissioners. “Our approach has been to say, look, these ordinances require either a local coastal plan amendment or a permit.”
He said that in some cases vacation rentals have taken over “ghost neighborhoods,” yet short-term rentals do provide “a fabulous opportunity for overnight accommodations” including some owner-occupied room shares offering “really affordable rates.”
Ainsworth said the commission hopes to strike a balance in each community. “We’re not taking a heavy hand in enforcement on these things,” he said. “We want to work with these local governments in a collaborative effort to come to an agreement.”
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- Here's what you should expect in the new 'Guardians of the Galaxy' ride | <urn:uuid:a739b0f9-00be-490e-88f2-af7e130b7f40> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ocregister.com/articles/city-723049-vacation-rentals.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00475-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953065 | 852 | 1.507813 | 2 |
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Definition of the noun Agalychnis
What does Agalychnis mean as a name of something?
Agalychnis is a genus of Hylidae, described by Cope in 1864.
- synonym: genus Agalychnis
- kingdom: Animalia
- phylum: Chordata
- class: Amphibia
- order: Anura
- family: Hylidae
- observational distribution: specimen and observational data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility Network (not necessarily true occurrence density gradients)
Count per one degree cell 1 - 9 10 - 99 100 - 999 1000 - 9999 10000 - 99999 100000+
Agalychnis is a genus of Phyllomedusinae.
Phrases with Agalychnis
Phrases starting with the word Agalychnis:
- Agalychnis annae
- Agalychnis saltator
- Agalychnis litodryas
- Agalychnis moreletii
- Agalychnis spurrelli
- Agalychnis calcarifer
- Agalychnis callidryas
- Agalychnis craspedopus
Phrase ending with the word Agalychnis:
Other phrases containing the word Agalychnis:
- species Agalychnis annae
- species Agalychnis saltator
- species Agalychnis litodryas
- species Agalychnis moreletii
- species Agalychnis spurrelli
- species Agalychnis calcarifer
- species Agalychnis callidryas
- species Agalychnis craspedopus
- Subspecies Agalychnis Callidryas Taylori
Printed encyclopedias and other books with definitions for Agalychnis
Click on a title to look inside that book (if available):
by Maurice Burton, Robert Burton
Pictured above is a female gaudy leaf frog, Agalychnis callidryas, one of the most colorful tree frogs in Central and South America. The giant tree frog, Litoria infrafrenaia, in Australian rain forest.
Online dictionaries and encyclopedias with entries for Agalychnis
Click on a label to prioritize search results according to that topic:
Photos about Agalychnis
Click on an item to view that photo:
This photograph is part of the book "Sapos"
Photo credit: Santiago Ron
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Scrabble value of A1G2A1L1Y4C3H4N1I1S1
The value of this 10-letter word is 19 points, but it's not an accepted word in the Official Scrabble Players Dictionary.
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Go to the thesaurus of Agalychnis to find many related words and phrases! | <urn:uuid:c376d119-8848-4c98-acd6-0aaab925394f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.omnilexica.com/?q=Agalychnis | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00555-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.702386 | 641 | 2.875 | 3 |
Career and Education Opportunities for Dancers in Rancho Cucamonga, California
Many educational and employment opportunities exist for dancers in the Rancho Cucamonga, California area. There are currently 3,400 jobs for dancers in California and this is projected to grow 21% to about 4,100 jobs by 2016. This is better than the national trend for dancers, which sees this job pool growing by about 6.8% over the next eight years. Dancers generally perform dances.
The average wage in the general category of Musical Entertainment jobs is $24 per hour or $50,466 per year in California, and an average of $19 per hour or $40,353 per year nationwide. Incomes for dancers are not quite as good as in the overall category of Musical Entertainment in California, and not quite as good as the overall Musical Entertainment category nationally. Jobs in this field include: exotic dancer, belly dancer, and ballet soloist.
There are twenty-seven schools of higher education in the Rancho Cucamonga area, including one within twenty-five miles of Rancho Cucamonga where you can get a degree to start your career as a dancer. The most common level of education for dancers is less than a high school diploma. You can expect to spend only a short time training to become a dancer if you already have a high school diploma.
CAREER DESCRIPTION: Dancer
In general, dancers perform dances. They also may also sing or act.
Dancers train and attend dance classes to maintain high levels of technical proficiency and physical fitness. They also harmonize body movements to rhythm of musical accompaniment. Equally important, dancers have to direct dancing with that of partners or dance ensembles. They are often called upon to collaborate with choreographers so as to refine or modify dance steps. Finally, dancers monitor the field of dance to remain aware of current trends and innovations.
Every day, dancers are expected to be able to keep focus on activity when in motion . They need to twist and stretch their arms and legs to get work done.
It is important for dancers to perform classical or acrobatic dances in productions and sound with their bodies. They are often called upon to devise and choreograph dance for self or others. They also design self-understanding of physical capabilities and limitations, and choose dance styles accordingly. They are sometimes expected to teach dance students. Somewhat less frequently, dancers are also expected to attend costume fittings and makeup calls associated with dance performances.
They also have to be able to study and practice dance moves required in roles and monitor the field of dance to remain aware of current trends and innovations. And finally, they sometimes have to audition for dance roles or for membership in dance companies.
Like many other jobs, dancers must be able to deal with stress and deal with situations calmly and be thorough and dependable.
Similar jobs with educational opportunities in Rancho Cucamonga include:
- Actor. Play parts in stage, television, or motion picture productions for entertainment, information, or instruction. Interpret serious or comic role by speech, gesture, and body movement to entertain or inform audience. May dance and sing.
- Choreographer. Create and teach dance. May direct and stage presentations.
- Music Composer. Write and transcribe musical scores.
- Music Director. Direct and conduct instrumental or vocal performances by musical groups.
- Musician. Play one or more musical instruments in recital, in accompaniment, or as members of an orchestra, band, or other musical group.
- Photographer. Photograph persons, subjects, or other commercial products. May develop negatives and produce finished prints.
- Set and Exhibit Designer. Design special exhibits and movie, television, and theater sets. May study scripts, confer with directors, and conduct research to determine appropriate architectural styles.
- Singer. Sing songs on stage, radio, or motion pictures.
EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES: Dancer Training
Chaffey College - Rancho Cucamonga, CA
Chaffey College, 5885 Haven Ave, Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91737-3002. Chaffey College is a large college located in Rancho Cucamonga, California. It is a public school with primarily 2-year programs and has 20,486 students. Chaffey College has an associate's degree program in Dance.
AmSAT Certified Teacher: Certified Alexander Technique Teachers have completed a 3 year, 1600 hour course at an AmSAT certified teacher training center.
For more information, see the American Society for the Alexander Technique website.
LOCATION INFORMATION: Rancho Cucamonga, California
Rancho Cucamonga is situated in San Bernardino County, California. It has a population of over 171,176, which has grown by 34.0% in the past ten years. The cost of living index in Rancho Cucamonga, 128, is far greater than the national average. New single-family homes in Rancho Cucamonga are valued at $207,800 on average, which is far less than the state average. In 2008, one hundred fifty-nine new homes were built in Rancho Cucamonga, down from five hundred eighty-three the previous year.
The top three industries for women in Rancho Cucamonga are educational services, health care, and finance and insurance. For men, it is construction, public administration, and educational services. The average commute to work is about 32 minutes. More than 23.3% of Rancho Cucamonga residents have a bachelor's degree, which is lower than the state average. The percentage of residents with a graduate degree, 7.3%, is lower than the state average.
The unemployment rate in Rancho Cucamonga is 9.2%, which is less than California's average of 12.3%.
The percentage of Rancho Cucamonga residents that are affiliated with a religious congregation, 42.0%, is less than both the national and state average. Alta Loma Christian Church, Grace Fellowship Church and The Lords House are all churches located in Rancho Cucamonga. The largest religious groups are the Catholic Church, the Southern Baptist Convention and the LDS (Mormon) Church.
Rancho Cucamonga is home to the Etiwanda Fire Station and the John Rains House as well as Victoria Groves Park and Hermosa Park. Shopping malls in the area include Alta Loma Plaza Shopping Center, Alta Loma Square Shopping Center and AltaLoma Country Village Shopping Center. | <urn:uuid:c97aff2e-4dba-404b-89a7-17b98779ae3d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.careeroverview.com/usa/california/rancho-cucamonga/art-design-entertainment-and-sports/musical-entertainment/dancer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00573-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951962 | 1,363 | 1.828125 | 2 |
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borrow off vs borrow from : Common Errors in English
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About borrow off vs borrow from
In some dialects you can borrow five dollars off a friend; but in standard English you borrow the money from a friend.
Hans Zimmer pens new Superman score for 'Man of Steel'
KAREN BUTLER || United Press International Director Zack Snyder says he tapped German-born film composer Hans Zimmer to score "Man of Steel" because he didn't want to
previous Superman movies.
on June 14, 2013 Source:
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Common Errors in English
Bee Dictionary Dictionary: Meaning/Definition, Audio, Phonetics, Usages and more
Copyright © 2013 Gyankosh Solutions Pvt. Ltd. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:759c80db-0be9-40f7-a1bb-33302b564b42> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.beedictionary.com/common-errors/borrow_off_vs_borrow_from | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00014-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.755845 | 175 | 2.34375 | 2 |
We forget this kind of thing in the age of 256GB flash drives and mega-servers, but four decades ago storage wasnt infinite and video wasnt cheap. So it made sense for companies like the BBC to wipe tapes clean for reuse, even if those tapes contained a performance from David Bowie at the height of his Aladdin Sane fame. Such was the case with all video of the Thin White Dukes 1973 stop at Top of the Pops, a performance which aired only once, and never in America. Until YouTube.
Turns out cameraman John Henshall, the man behind the fish-eye lens used in the footage, kept a personal copy of the long-lost performance. The clip features Bowie backed by his band The Spiders from Mars playing his then-new single The Jean Genie. It aired Wednesday for the first time since January 4th, 1973 during the Top of the Pops Christmas Special, and has since found its way online. View the archival footage, thought destroyed and gone forever, below (via SPIN). | <urn:uuid:22d02c5e-6a54-4148-a34e-d4ec8fc5f6de> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://consequenceofsound.net/2011/12/watch-david-bowies-lost-performance-on-top-of-the-pops/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00557-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955886 | 215 | 1.804688 | 2 |
In Mexico, mistaking an injured margay for a jaguar is still nothing to treat lightly
It was the middle of December around 7 pm, and I was heading to a meeting when I received a call from Erika Flores telling me someone had called her claiming a small jaguar was hit by a car and needed medical assistance.
I couldn’t believe it was a jaguar, and neither did Erika, as sadly there are very few left in this region. Jaguars are very shy and tend to stay away from people.
But despite our skepticism we were concerned about how we were going to handle it if it really was a jaguar!
The jaguar is the third-largest feline after the tiger and the lion, and the largest in theWestern Hemisphere, so even a “small” jaguar can be quite big.
To give you an idea, jaguar’s weights are normally in the range of 56 – 96 kg (124–211 lb, although larger males have been recorded to weigh as much as 160 kg (350 lb).
We drove to “Castillo Canino,” the Veterinary Hospital where the animal was taken by the rescuer and when we arrived we discovered that fortunately the cat was not a jaguar, but unfortunately it was another feline on the brink of extinction - a margay (Leopardus wiedii),locally known as “tigrillo”.
Margays are commonly confused with ocelots, but can be distinguished by their longer tails. Even though their size and weight is similar to domestic cats, margays are extremely strong and agile and can do a lot of harm if feel threatened.
So we needed to be very careful!
Since the margay is an endangered species we notified the Federal Authorities as required by law, and temporary custody of the animal was given to Erika as she is a veterinarian for the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW).
Erika agreed to temporarily keep the little cat until she got better.
The margay was beautiful, but also in shock having been hit by a car. One of her eyes was out of place and she needed critical care.
The margay was hospitalized in Erika’s office (in our house) so she could check on her many times throughout the day and night.
X-rays were taken that revealed the margay also had a fracture in her hip, but after an assessment with other experienced veterinarians, it was decided that the fracture could heal by itself and the only surgery performed was to remove her eye.
The surgery was a success and the margay ended up staying for 2 weeks in the house to recover.
During those weeks, Erika’s office became a closed area to avoid interaction with humans or domestic animals.
It’s funny though, we usually can’t foster cats -not even tiny kittens- because one of our cats get particularly crazy and stressed, but with the margay she was as if nothing was happening. She is clever and knows she can’t mess with a margay!
As soon as she got better, we followed the authority’s instructions and took the Margay to a Federal facility 5 hours from Playa del Carmen, where she was going to continue her recovery in an independent enclosure with local vegetation and away from any rural or urban area.
These felines are so rare that you must to do all you can to save them. Even with just one eye, the margay Erika cured had a good chance of successfully returning to the wild – thriving and breeding. So the weeks on in-home care were certainly worth it.
I am very happy to share that we were notified that after more than a month of recovery at the Federal Facility, the margay was released back to her habitat, so the effort was definitely worth it! | <urn:uuid:c282a314-f762-4ead-8016-72b9c871a8f4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ifaw.org/european-union/news/mexico-mistaking-injured-margay-jaguar-still-nothing-treat-lightly | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00244-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.988619 | 805 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Do I have to cover my bird? cage at night?
Many people choose to cover their bird? cage at night. While it? not necessary, there are a few possible benefits. First, it means your bird is less likely to wake up at the crack of dawn and wake up everybody else in the house. Birds are very light-responsive: they sleep when it? dark and wake up when there? light. If you cover their cage, it gives you more control over this. It also allows the birds to sleep in a little bit ?many of them probably aren? going to bed when the sun sets, since they live in a house with electricity!
Covering the cage can also help reduce “night frights.?amp;nbsp;Night frights are when something scares the bird at night and they end up flapping all over the cage in the dark, potentially hurting themselves. Some birds, like cockatiels, are particularly prone to this. Pet birds cannot see well in the dark, so things like the moving shadows in a dark room can really scare them. Usually you won? even know what it was that scared them. If you cover them, that eliminates most of those sorts of visual stimuli.
You might consider placing a small nightlight near your bird? cage. If your bird does have a night fright, she can use that light to see her back to her sleeping perch.
Is my bird sleeping too much?
Sleep is a good way to monitor your bird? health. If she is sleeping on the floor of the cage, that? frequently a sign of poor health. Birds, being prey animals, are very good at hiding their symptoms. By the time they?e willing to sleep exposed on the ground, they are often feeling very bad indeed. A bird on the floor may be a female about to lay an egg, but if it is, that should become apparent fairly quickly. If your bird is sleeping on the floor for long periods of time, it? time to get them to the veterinarian.
It? not at all uncommon for birds to nap throughout the day at different spots in the cage or on their owners. As long as your bird has active periods and seems alert and responsive when they are awake, she is most likely just fine.
Many birds will do a thing called “beak grinding?as they settle down to sleep. This is where they rub the two mandibles of their beak together, producing a soft sound almost like teeth grinding. New owners are sometimes concerned by this, but this is actually a good sign. Birds do this when they are very content and relaxed, which is why they tend to do it right before dozing off. Hearing my cockatiels beak-grind on my shoulder is one of my favorite sounds in the world, because I know it means they are very happy to be with me.
Want to know more about birds and sleep? | <urn:uuid:f7fa958a-5bfb-4dcb-a320-25757874b4c9> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://petcha.com/pets/birds-sleep/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719646.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00127-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976141 | 599 | 2.25 | 2 |
Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Vol. V:Early Church Fathers Index Previous Next
A Treatise on the Grace of Christ, and...: Chapter 9
Chapter 9 [VIII.]—Pelagius Deceived the Council in Palestine, But Was Unable to Deceive the Church at Rome.
Wherefore Pelagius, too, if he will only reflect candidly on his own position and writings, has no reason for saying that he ought not to have been banned with such a sentence. For although he deceived the council in Palestine, seemingly clearing himself before it, he entirely failed in imposing on the church at Rome (where, as you well know, he is by no means a stranger), although he went so far as to make the attempt, if he might somehow succeed. But, as I have just said, he entirely failed. For the most blessed Pope Zosimus recollected what his predecessor, who had set him so worthy an example, had thought of these very proceedings. Nor did he omit to observe what opinion was entertained about this man by the trusty Romans, whose faith deserved to be spoken of in the Lord, 1937 and whose consistent zeal in defence of catholic truth against this heresy he saw prevailing amongst them with warmth, and at the same time most perfect harmony. The man had lived among them for a long while, and his opinions could not escape their notice; moreover, they had so completely found out his disciple Cœlestius, as to be able at once to adduce the most trustworthy and irrefragable evidence p. 239 on this subject. Now what was the solemn judgment which the holy Pope Innocent formed respecting the proceedings in the Synod of Palestine, by which Pelagius boasts of having been acquitted, you may indeed read in the letter which he addressed to me. It is duly mentioned also in the answer which was forwarded by the African Synod to the venerable Pope Zosimus and which, along with the other instructions, we have despatched to your loving selves. 1938 But it seems to me, at the same time, that I ought not to omit producing the particulars in the present work.
Rom. i. 8.239:1938
Albina, Pinianus, and Melania. Literally, they are here addressed as “your Love.”
Next: Chapter 10
Like & share St-Takla.org | <urn:uuid:fd645a85-0b8f-4e65-97fa-d8e13ee1ae99> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://st-takla.org/books/en/ecf/105/1050520.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00576-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982545 | 495 | 1.695313 | 2 |
When science and photography join forces, they usually end up with breathtaking results. Last week, physicists at the University of Glasgow in Scotland captured and shared a photo of quantum entanglement. It’s the first actual photo of this phenomenon ever taken, and it’s absolutely awe-inspiring.
Quantum entanglement is a phenomenon which describes a relationship between fundamental properties of a particle, such as their momentum, position, spin, or polarization. As quoted on Wikipedia, “it occurs when pairs or groups of particles are generated, interact, or share spatial proximity in ways such that the quantum state of each particle cannot be described independently of the state of the others, even when the particles are separated by a large distance.”
The image captured by the scientists at the University of Glasgow is the first image ever showing the particle interaction. In other words, it supports the science of quantum mechanics and the theory of quantum entanglement. The particles we see in this historic image are two photons – or two light particles- interacting with each other.
The paper containing this image was published in Science Advances. One of the authors, Paul-Antoine Moreau, told the BBC that this image is “an elegant demonstration of a fundamental property of nature.” As for the possible implications, he added that “it’s an exciting result which could be used to advance the emerging field of quantum computing and lead to new types of imaging.”
[via Science Alert] | <urn:uuid:5fc06042-ba1b-441a-bf24-abef4c286fc9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.diyphotography.net/this-is-the-first-ever-photo-of-quantum-entanglement/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.927403 | 308 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Mississippi Sen. John Horhn, who has served in the state Senate since 1993, has spent more than 30 years promoting blues music in Mississippi on top of his duties as a legislator. A lifelong Jackson resident, Horhn, 61, began his work in supporting the genre while serving as the state’s tourism director from 1989 to 1992.
“During that time, I began using the state’s art and culture assets to promote tourism,” Horhn said. “Out of all of Mississippi’s cultural assets, the blues has to be one of the most prominent.”
Horhn began organizing an informal group called the Mississippi Blues Commission in 1991, which organized the creation of a map of important blues sites around the state in cooperation with the National Endowment for the Arts. After Horhn became a state senator, he and state Sen. David Jordan co-sponsored legislature to make the Blues Commission official in state law in 2004.
The Blues Commission later produced the Mississippi Blues Foundation, which provides a benevolence fund for the blues and support for indigent blues artists in the state. The Blues Foundation helps these artists with financial issues and medical bills, funerals for families of late artists and other issues. Also, expanding on the Blues Commission’s map, the organization helped set up the Mississippi Blues Trail, which has erected more than 200 markers dedicated to famous blues musicians, iconic venues, record labels, and other significant sites. Horhn has served as vice chairman of the Blues Foundation since 2011.
A portion of the funds from the annual Mississippi Blues Marathon, an event that also honors the state’s blues heritage, goes toward the commission’s benevolence fund. The Blues Marathon’s website says it has donated $60,000 to the commission since 2008. This year’s race is Saturday, Jan. 7, at 7 a.m., starting at the Art Garden at the Mississippi Museum of Art (380 S. Lamar St., 601-960-1510).
Horhn said he was first exposed to the blues as a teenager, though he didn’t truly learn to appreciate it until he entered college.
“When I was a young man, my father had a side business supplying jukeboxes, pool tables and pinball machines in venues across northeast Mississippi and the delta,” he said. “So I ended up going to all sorts of places and listening to the music there, and then, when I went off to college, I kept hearing familiar music and wondered what it was.
“I found out it was blues music, and that I’d just taken it for granted as a young man. I came to appreciate how the blues has impacted rock, R&B, rap and so many other kinds of music in Mississippi and beyond. I decided that I wanted to find a way to support this music, the contributions it’s made and the people living here, where it was created.”
Hohrn is also a founding member of the Central Mississippi Blues Society, a group created in 2006 that puts on blues shows every Monday night at Hal & Mal’s to help keep the genre alive in Jackson.
“Tourists that come to hear Mississippi music want to hear the blues live, and often, it’s hard to find places offering the blues in a live setting,” he said. “I wanted to make sure that there will always be at least one place to find this kind of music on a weekly basis.”
In addition to his arts and government work, Horhn was a job developer for the A. Philip Randolph Youth Employment Program, run a cultural arts coalition, put together cultural programs for African American Mississippians. He also has worked as a program manager for the Mississippi Arts Commission, the state film commissioner and executive director of the Governor's Office of Federal and State Programs. He has served as chair of the Mississippi Senate Economic Development Committee since 2006. Horhn also ran for mayor of Jackson in 2009 and 2014, and plans to formerly announce his candidacy for the 2016 mayoral race in a few weeks.
Horhn and his wife, Lydia Gail, have a 30-year-old son named Siraj and a 24-year-old daughter named Charla.
For more information on the Mississippi Blues Marathon, visit msbluesmarathon.com and read this week’s issue of the Jackson Free Press, which comes out Wednesday, Jan. 4.
CORRECTION: A previous version of this story stated that Sen. John Horhn was a job developer with the A. Philip Randalf Youth Infant pre-K Program. It was actually the A. Philip Randolph Youth Employment Program. | <urn:uuid:7dbc3d07-3708-432f-bb38-d56ece48bf72> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jacksonfreepress.com/news/2017/jan/03/sen-john-horhn/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00562-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969004 | 978 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Are Your Parents to Blame?
Whether we realize it or not, how we were raised has a tremendous impact on how we make decisions as adults. Sometimes the results are positive, certainly. But other times the results are detrimental to our well-being, especially when it comes to our financial health. This doesn’t mean that we can just blame mom or dad (or both) for our money mistakes and leave it at that. But once we understand the root of our bad habits we can take ownership of them and make a conscious effort to change them.
Here are eight common parenting behaviors that can negatively influence your money habits and what you can do to overcome them. Let the therapy session begin.
Your Parents Were Very Frugal
The behavior: Whether they needed to keep a tight budget, were trying to teach you a lesson or were choosing to put themselves first financially, they seemed to deny you of everything you wanted as a kid.
The influence: You overspend to compensate. Binge spending often occurs in response to feeling deprived as a child. Haven’t we all heard the story about the strict parents whose kid rebelled and went hog-wild? Perhaps you are acting out with your money choices because of your parents’ frugality.
The solution: Talk to your parents about the reasons for their choices. There may be more to their decision than you understood when you were young. Regardless, know that your real revenge for childhood deprivation is financial prosperity. Channel that inner rebel as best you can to save instead of spend. If your will isn’t strong enough to stop overspending, force yourself to by setting up automatic savings plans whenever possible.
And don’t let the cycle continue: If you have kids, make sure you include them in the reasoning for being careful with money so that they can learn the benefits of saving and not feel resentful.
Your Parents Spoiled You
The behavior: Perhaps your parents were deprived as children themselves, and in response, they chose to overspend on you. You grew up living a life of abundance and not wanting for anything.
The influence: You feel entitled to have a luxurious lifestyle. Kids who are spoiled can often grow up to expect that they can — and should — still have whatever they want. The problem is that you might not have the income to support your ability to live large, which can lead to racking up unnecessary debt.
The solution: Shift your sense of entitlement from having a lot of “stuff” now to having financial freedom later. Challenge yourself to see what it’s like to live modestly and then put any savings towards more important goals like buying a home, a comfortable retirement or starting a family. Set up automatic retirement contributions to force yourself to make better money decisions for your future.
Your Parents Were Extremely Charitable
The behavior: Perhaps they grew up poor or experienced some kind of trauma firsthand. In response, they chose to invest their time and money in causes that they were passionate about.
The influence: Your heart is in the right place, and so were your parents’. But you may give more money away than you can really afford to out of guilt or obligation. Whether you feel obligated to because of your parents’ experience or want to match their generosity, you can’t seem to say “no” to most charitable appeals. Charity is a wonderful and noble concept, but it is easy to let your emotions get the best of you, which can result in saying “yes” too often and donating more than you can actually afford.
The solution: Decide which causes are most important to you and make a charitable gift budget now that is within your means for next year. This budget should include a little extra room for unexpected appeals that you may want to support. Then set up automatic payments through your bank to the charities of choice, either monthly or annually, depending on what you can comfortably afford, and let the charities know what to expect. This way, you know what you are giving and give ahead of time and you won’t be as tempted to give too much based on emotion and impulse.
Your Parents Never Taught You About Money
The behavior: This is a very common problem and often due to the subconscious perpetuation of their own parents’ lack of financial education. Money has a notorious reputation for being dirty and taboo to talk about. And of course women have a long history of being kept in the dark when it came to the household finances. So generations of parents have avoided discussing money matters with their children out of ignorance or preference.
The influence: You are money foolish — and probably in a variety of ways, whether it is overspending, undersaving or avoiding investing and/or financial planning in general. You have no foundation of knowledge when it comes to money management, so you are left to (hopefully) learn from your mistakes.
The solution: Get educated. Being a DailyWorth subscriber is a great start. You can also take it a step further by hiring an experienced, qualified financial advisor who can offer you personalized guidance, get you on the right track to achieve your goals, and, ideally, educate you at the same time. Get referrals from family and friends and interview several candidates until you find one you like and trust. If you have kids of your own, make it a priority to talk to them about money and involve them in your financial planning activities so they can break the cycle.
Your Parents Badmouthed the Stock Market
The behavior: Whether they lived through the Great Depression, took a big hit during the Great Recession or made bad stock-picking decisions in the past, they have chosen to put their money in the safest place possible … under the bed.
The influence: You avoid investing in stocks altogether. This may seem a safe choice, but the reality is that you need to grow your money as much as possible in order to have a fighting chance at a comfortable retirement. That leaves you with few options other than investing in the stock market and real estate.
The solution: Be careful and strategic with your investing decisions. This means doing sufficient research and asking questions, if necessary, to make sure you know what you’re getting into and whether it’s appropriate for your objectives and risk tolerance. You also need to make sure that your total investment portfolio is well-diversified so you don’t subject yourself to any unnecessary risk.
Your Parents Lived Large
The behavior: Maybe they were compensating for being deprived as kids or they felt the need to keep up with the Joneses. Whatever the reason, your parents spoiled themselves and probably spent more than they should.
The influence: You live beyond your means, too. As much as we try to avoid turning into our parents, it often happens. Growing up in a home where your role models lived a lavish lifestyle would make it particularly challenging for you to adopt a modest one. The unfortunate result is that you are likely not just trying to keep up with the Joneses, but with your parents as well.
The solution: If you can’t go as far as physically removing yourself from an environment that tempts you too much to overspend, then you need to put constraints in place to force yourself not to. That means setting up automatic transfers to save money you would otherwise spend and dedicating an account and debit card just for discretionary spending with no overdraft protection.
Your Mother Was Dependent
The behavior: Whether she married one man of means or multiple men, your mom was taken care of and did not have to worry about money. (At least, as far as you know.)
The influence: You too are expecting Prince Charming. Why should you have to struggle if your mom didn’t have to? This subconscious question commonly results in procrastination and irresponsible money behavior because, in the back of your mind, you assume that someone will eventually save you financially.
The solution: Wake up from this unrealistic fairytale! Stop waiting to be saved and instead, save yourself. The end result will be much more satisfying, and you can take pride in being a model of financial independence and inspiration to your own children and others.
Your Parents Divorced
The behavior: This is an unfortunate reality for so many families and a major contributor to all kinds of psychological issues in kids, including those that fuel poor money decisions.
The influence: You are determined to live happily ever after. This isn’t necessarily a bad thing, but it can also lead you to jump into marriage, buy a house and start a family prematurely or for the wrong reasons. That can easily lead to living beyond your means, racking up debt, enduring financial stress — and can ultimately result in divorce. The vicious cycle continues.
The solution: Make a commitment to always be financially independent even if you do marry or are already married. This means maintaining your own separate accounts for spending, saving and investing and making it a priority in your relationship to contribute to your own personal retirement account as much as possible (even if you are not the breadwinner in your relationship or have left the workforce to be a caretaker). If you happen to significantly outearn your potential mate, you may also want to consider a prenuptial agreement as a practical, protective measure. | <urn:uuid:62cc8f25-21da-436d-a8aa-9da9a796bed0> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.dailyworth.com/posts/2221-bad-money-habits-from-childhood | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718309.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00405-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968069 | 1,922 | 1.875 | 2 |
The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) can prevent some of the serious complications of pneumonia. This includes infection in the bloodstream (bacteremia) or throughout the body (septicemia).
PPSV is recommended for people ages 65 years and older. People ages 2 to 64 who have a long-term illness should also get the vaccine. This includes people with diabetes, heart disease, liver disease, or lung disease. PPSV can also help people who have a weakened immune system. This includes cancer patients and people who don’t have a spleen. The immune system helps your body fight infection and other illnesses.
PPSV is given as a shot. It’s usually given in the arm. Healthy older adults get the shot once. Other people may need to have a second dose. The shot may cause pain and redness at the site. It may also cause a mild fever for a short time.
Follow-up care is a key part of your treatment and safety. Be sure to make and go to all appointments, and call your doctor if you are having problems. It’s also a good idea to know your test results and keep a list of the medicines you take. | <urn:uuid:ab55aa55-6075-4971-a5b5-5c021360dacd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.familylifemedical.com/contents/patient-center/patient-education/pneumococcal-vaccine | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.953516 | 255 | 2.796875 | 3 |
There are many opportunities for organizations to benefit themselves, as well as the economies that sustain them, by making minor adjustments to the way that they purchase goods and services. This report, “Buying Local: Tools for Forward-Thinking Institutions,” outlines strategies and paths that policy-makers, sustainability managers, procurement professionals and others involved in institutional purchasing decisions can pursue to realize this potential.
Around the world, there is a growing movement to support local economies, and various approaches are being taken in different places. Great benefits come from strong, resilient local economies, and many opportunities exist to take small steps that can majorly benefit our public institutions, businesses and communities. If purchasers are ready to take on leadership roles, the tools and solutions detailed here are effective ways to expand local purchasing and strengthen our communities.
Part I outlines the argument for local procurement. It demonstrates the power that institutional procurement has over the economy and highlights opportunities for change by examining the current landscape in Canada, the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom. It details how local economic impacts fit within the definition of value when attempting to achieve best value in procurement.
Part II and III identify tools that can be used by institutions and policy-makers to increase local procurement. They outline a number of challenges, and details solutions that are currently being used. Examples of the tools have been included along with references to material for further research. | <urn:uuid:87d7674b-383a-4410-8876-53d1b4aeee43> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://columbiainstitute.eco/research/buying-local-tools-for-forward-thinking-institutions/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.929056 | 285 | 1.890625 | 2 |
2D Directional Map Example
Easy directional map diagramming software with rich examples and template. Edraw is ideal for drawing 2d directional map.
These templates includes all of the helpful
templates such as road signs, landmark, buildings and road. In general, you'll
find that these particular templates are better suited to both local needs and
needs in an entire city.
Creating a 2-D Directional Map
- On the File menu, point to Template Gallery, point
to Map, and then click Directional Map 2D.
- From Directional Map Shapes 2D, drag road shapes
onto the drawing page.
- Align the shapes to create the road configuration
- To nudge a shape into position, select the shape
and then press the arrow key that represents the direction you want.
- To create a longer road or a road grid that can be
moved as a single unit, group multiple road shapes together.
- Drag other shapes, such as bridges, buildings, and
cars onto your map.
- To rotate a selected shape, drag the Rotation
- To add text to shapes, select a shape and then
The road elements can be connected one by one.
Only drag one road to the end of another road.
More 2D City Location Map Examples
Here are presentation-quality 2D location map and 2D direction map examples. Create similar location map with Edraw that you can post on your website or print as large posters.
Various Geo Map Examples
3D Directional Map Software
Subway Map Software
Geo Map Software
Directional Map Software | <urn:uuid:fdb8a0ca-bf2e-4b0b-8197-9b43197d4d73> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.edrawsoft.com/2d-directional-map.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00542-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.84305 | 339 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Walls divide Cairo as revolt anniversary nears
By Alexander Dziadosz
CAIRO (Reuters) - Nagaat Mohamed was sitting at the counter of the downtown Cairo stationery store where she has worked for three decades when the street outside erupted with tear gas and rocks last November. She locked the doors and fled.
When she returned three weeks later, the neighborhood had changed. Graffiti decrying Egypt's military rulers covered the buildings. The car horns and chatter of cafe patrons were gone. Strikingly, a wall of massive concrete blocks sliced the once-bustling street in two.
Security forces have erected four such walls in the streets connecting the protest movement's symbolic heart in Tahrir Square to state buildings, including the Interior Ministry and the cabinet, since the clashes with protesters in November.
The barriers stand as a stark symbol of the divisions that have appeared to grow more pronounced since Egypt's military rulers took over from President Hosni Mubarak, ousted by a popular uprising last February.
Gulfs have widened between the army and the young activists who sparked the revolt, between Islamists and liberals, and between various squabbling political factions -- all testament to the challenges Egypt faces as it enters a year scheduled to see a new constitution and handover to a civilian president.
"It's the first time I've seen anything like this," Mohamed, 55, said, glancing at the door of her dimly-lit store. "It's like we're living in Iraq, with the barriers between us like this."
The walls have helped impose at least temporary truces between security forces and protesters - at least 59 demonstrators have been killed since November - but they have also strangled the area's street life, redoubled already-snarling traffic and driven customers from local businesses.
Commuters, shopkeepers, residents, activists and pundits have reacted to the walls with a blend of anger, disbelief, laughter and even some relief, mirroring the conflicted feelings many have developed about the course the revolution has taken. Continued... | <urn:uuid:eac666d4-0b19-4efe-b61f-c56401aa239e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ca.reuters.com/article/lifestyleNews/idCATRE8040WX20120105 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00401-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968217 | 415 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Philip Rham, Craig Vye, Amaka Okafor
Dr Korczak’s Example is a heart-wrenching tale based on the true story an orphanage for Jewish children in Warsaw during the Second World War.
Much like the recent film adaptation of John Boyne’s novel The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas, Dr Korczak’s Example is geared towards children without sugar coating the facts.
Millions died in the Warsaw Ghetto and those that didn’t either died when they were deported to concentration camps or lived in constant fear that they would be next: Dr Korczak’s orphanage was a rare symbol of hope.
Amy Leach’s production, a transfer from Manchester’s Royal Exchange, is a moving piece of theatre, demonstrating how, in a place which saw humankind at its most depraved, the kindness of the human spirit was still able to survive.
Leach’s Brechtian production has the three performers directly addressing the audience, explaining who they will be playing and what we are about to see: Philip Rham plays Korczak, Amaka Okafor plays the orphaned Stephanie and Craig Vye plays Adzio, the newest arrival to the orphanage. As the story unfolds, the actors continue to step out of character to explain what they cannot show; this creates a sense of detachment. The play delivers the facts and refuses to wallow in misery.
Rham, Okafor and Vye are superb. Whilst their performances are aimed at a younger audience they never patronise, nor alienate an older audience. Rham is heart-breaking and endearing as a man capable of great tolerance and kindness, even when faced with such adversity. Okafor and Vye, both playing children, are equally touching; there is nothing sadder than seeing a child without hope and these children are very well aware of the world in which they live, but they are still children and Okafor and Vye’s performances contain moments of cheekiness and vulnerability.
It may only have a small cast but, through Leach’s imaginative direction, you could be watching a cast of twenty as sunflowers and shoes represent the other orphans, the sound of a cello creates a fly buzzing around the stage and a Nazi uniform hanging off a cello case becomes a member of the Gestapo. Designed to appeal to a child’s imagination, this production draws you into the world of Dr Korczak’s orphanage which was run as much by the orphans themselves as it was by him.
This production is based on a true story, and stories of the Warsaw Ghetto tend not to have happy endings. However as they approach the end of their story as well as sadness there is a real sense of triumph that this man, Dr Korczak, succeeded in hanging onto a sense of truth, honesty and justice within the orphanage, while the rest of the world fell apart. | <urn:uuid:ff5ab5a6-c812-4383-965c-25df81ce9ff7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.musicomh.com/theatre/dr-korczaks-example-arcola-theatre-london | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.963734 | 632 | 2.109375 | 2 |
In Valheim, the best boosts to health and stamina are foods you can make after planting seeds and farming. In this Valheim guide will walk you through finding seeds, crafting a cultivator, and planting carrots, turnips, and trees.
Why you should plant seeds and farm
Since your health and stamina are tied to the foods you eat, finding the best foods is important for staying alive in Valheim.
After you have a smelter and start making tin, you’ll unlock the cauldron (10 tin) — a pot that hangs over a fire and lets you make recipes out of multiple foods. The foods you make depend on the ingredients you’ve found, and the ingredients available depend on what biome you’re in.
The best early game foods
Even early in the game, the foods that give the best benefits require carrots and turnips, and you won’t find them just laying around. You’ll have to grow the ingredients for these from seeds:
- Carrot soup (1 mushroom, 3 carrots) is great for your stamina.
- Sausages (3 entrail, 1 raw meat, 4 thistle) are really good for both health and stamina, with slightly more health than stamina.
- Turnip stew (1 raw meat, 3 turnips) gives an equal (and large) boost to both health and stamina, making it the best food you have available once you reach the swamp biome.
You can only plant a few things at this point in the game’s development because there are only a few kinds of seeds Valheim.
The things you can plant are carrots, turnips, beech trees, fir trees, and pine trees.
You’ll collect carrot seeds from white flowers in black forest biomes, and turnip seeds from yellow flowers in swamp biomes. With those in hand, plant them with a cultivator (5 core wood, 5 bronze) in some cultivated soil.
You cannot plant birch trees, raspberries, or blueberries.
Craft the cultivator
At a forge, craft the cultivator (5 core wood, 5 bronze). Remember that core wood comes from pine trees in the black forest biome, and bronze is a combination of copper and tin.
The cultivator is basically a pitchfork that lets you plant seeds you’ve been finding but couldn’t use. The cultivator also lets you regrow grass on land you’ve leveled with your hoe.
Cultivate land and plant seeds
The first step to planting seeds is tilling the land — using the cultivator to cultivate, its default action in the build menu. When the soil is ready, you can plant seeds.
Planting crops and protecting them
Boars and other enemies seem to hate growing plants, so you’ll need to build a fence — either roundpole fence (1 wood) or stakewall (4 wood) if you’re into overkill — around your garden plot.
Plants need a little space around them to grow, so don’t make your rows of vegetables too dense. After you plant a seed, put your cultivator away and approach the plant. You’ll see if it’s too crowded in the tooltip.
Seeds take a few in-game days (an hour to 90 minutes of real-world time) before they’re ready to harvest. Planting a seed-carrot (1 carrot) or seed-turnip (1 turnip) will grow into three more seeds. When you’re harvesting, replant one of every three vegetables to keep the cycle going.
Since you’ve got a fenced-in plot for farming, this is a good place to build your beehives (10 wood, 1 queen bee) to keep them protected. Beehives produce 4 honey every (roughly) three in-game days. Since you’ll need so much honey for your potions, it’s a good idea to make several for a steady supply.
Planting trees works the same way as planting carrot or turnip sees. Cultivate some land, plant your seeds, and wait a few in-game days to collect your wood.
You’ll collect some seeds from beech, fir, and pine trees when you cut them down. Then, you can grow beech seeds and fir cones for wood or pine cones for core wood. | <urn:uuid:126191f1-775b-45f8-8189-b1fff5c1f05b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.polygon.com/valheim-guide/22299660/plant-seeds-farm-carrot-turnip-grow-trees-grass-cultivator | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.913109 | 935 | 2.1875 | 2 |
First, I'll join many Americans on congratulating Sonia Sotomayor on being confirmed as a US Supreme Court Justice. It is commendable to be in the position for the job, laudable to be nominated for the job and a significant accomplishment to win confirmation. So, again, congratulations.
During her confirmation hearing, a question was raised regarding Net Neutrality. For the benefit of new readers, Net Neutrality is the idea of equal access or a level playing field for Internet transport. The issue is driven by the desire for content providers and users to see the Internet remain free of arbitrary or business driven restrictions or priorities on the type and amount of content transported by the carriers and ISPs. Net Neutrality proponents want all traffic to be treated equally where packets are delivered on a first-come, first-served basis regardless of the originator or the purpose of the packet. Google and Yahoo! are major proponents of Net Neutrality, as is Broadvox. It is an issue for Broadvox because some carriers are treating VoIP packets differently from other packets. Some large carriers are lobbying the FCC to eliminate Net Neutrality. If eliminated, then websites, content providers and even some ITSPs might be charged additional fees to prevent their content from being placed in low-priority delivery queues. Therefore, knowing her view on Net Neutrality is a useful thing.
Senator Al Franken of Minnesota asked Sotomayor this question. "Isn't there a compelling, over-riding First Amendment right here for Americans to have access to the Internet?"
While it seems that Sotomayor supports a policy of allowing for some carrier management of the transported traffic, she seems to be looking to Congress or the FCC to make a law or ruling regarding Net Neutrality prior to offering an opinion. This in one of the key responses nominees make in order to win confirmation, however, I hope that in this case, it is a genuine belief. The Supreme Court is not where Net Neutrality should be decided. Congress and the FCC should take the first step in the process, with my nod going to the FCC as the lead. I hope less political influence will affect the decision if it emanates from them verses Congress.
Based upon Senator Franken's reaction to her answer, I can see he is a proponent of Net Neutrality. It will be interesting to see if this becomes a cause or focus of his senate tenure. The video of the exchange between Sotomayor and Franken is worth watching.
Have a great weekend! See you on Monday with another original recipe. | <urn:uuid:362d9316-f13b-4920-91ef-d72c54b1a58f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.tmcnet.com/cirrious-cloud-sense/2009/08/sotomayor-and-net-neutrality.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00113-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953888 | 520 | 1.835938 | 2 |
The Choice That Would Make a World of Difference
By Fr. Walter Dziordz, MIC (Oct 24, 2006)
Recently, I heard the correct translation of a Bible saying. The saying is, "Many are called, few are chosen" (Mt 22:14). Most people have heard or read this saying. But the correct translation is: "Many are called, few choose."
Wow. That changes everything, doesn't it? That puts the responsibility squarely upon our own shoulders. We are being called, but it's up to us to choose whether to follow that call. That's not a particularly easy choice today. Not in the culture we live in, a culture where people seem hypnotized by so many things that separate them from God.
Why do I use the word "hypnotized?" To be hypnotized means to be in a state that resembles sleep. The roof could be caving in all around us, and we don't know it. If we're hypnotized, our eyes will remain trained on the hypnotist's coin, right? Well, I look around and see a world that is falling apart, and still so many people seem oblivious to it.
We need to snap out of it, to wake up to the world's problems and to the problems within our own hearts.
The Roman Catholic Church has always said: "Watch your eyes." In other words, don't get hypnotized focusing on the wrong things. Wherever we focus our spiritual eyes determines what we yearn for. Jesus said, "The lamp of the body is the eye. If therefore your eye is good, your whole body will be full of light" (Mt 6:22). Depending on what we desire, our lives can be filled with light or darkness. It's our choice.
How many of us make the right choice?
When Jesus walked the earth, he encountered a world that was insane. What is the meaning of insanity? It's the repetition of the same behavior with the hope for a different result each time. Which means, we'll do something 100 times, and if it doesn't work, we'll do it for the 101st time thinking that it will work.
How is our world any different than it was when Christ came more than 2,000 years ago? We still remain focused on the wrong things — money, power, material possessions, our egos, the flesh, war, revenge, and violence. We still gossip and seek revenge. We still commit adultery, and we cheat and lie, even though all those things make us feel worse about ourselves.
Why do we still do those things, then?
We remain hypnotized. We follow the coin.
In so many ways, our world is worse off now than it was 2,000 years ago. We've developed weaponry that can annihilate every living thing. We've become so advanced that our routine actions now pollute the very air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water we drink.
More than half the world is starving, or living with disease, or orphaned, or living under some form of tyranny. Do we pray for them? Do we reach out to them? Or do we turn a blind eye to the unpleasant things that don't immediately concern us?
Though Americans account for only 5 percent of the world's population, we consume 26 percent of the world's resources. Do we care about conservation? Do we even care what the rest of the world thinks of us? Yes, America is charitable, but are we charitable enough, considering what we have and what we consume?
Sudan's Darfur region has been the scene of a deadly conflict for three years now. An estimated 400,000 people are believed to have been killed, and more than 2 million have been displaced. Yet, I would guess most of us know more about who is divorcing whom in Hollywood than who is killing whom in this troubled African nation.
Even with our evening news broadcasts, we get maybe 10 minutes of international news. Then what? We get some puff piece that has nothing to do with the real issues of the world, the real pain, the real needs of our fellow man. Ten minutes. That's it. People don't care about it. Most Americans don't even vote.
William Buckley once lamented how our country's concept of freedom has changed in 200 years from one in which we sought freedom from things (such as rulers and governments that oppress the mind) to freedom to do things (to do anything we want). And, indeed, now, anything and everything goes. The individual good has replaced the common good. Raw sexuality is now mainstream. Consumerism is king.
Many people are now slaves to these "freedoms." Here's a thought: Aren't such "freedoms" just another form of tyranny?
Follow the coin.
I often hear people say the problem with our culture is that we're only rational thinkers — that we only listen to scientists at the sake of faith in God. That makes me laugh because, clearly, we don't even listen to our scientists. For instance, scientists warned us about what a powerful hurricane would do to New Orleans, and we didn't listen.
It's time to snap out of it and refocus. Jesus' message of Divine Mercy is a wake-up call — that we are responsible for each other, that the time to turn to His mercy is now.
Just because Christ says "Father, forgive them, they know not what they do" (Lk 24:34), that doesn't mean He's letting us off the hook. In the gospels, Jesus says at one point "you are worth many sparrows" (Mt 10:31). That's His way of telling us that we are too important to stay asleep like animals. This world is ours. This garden was given to Adam to manage and run. We are called to be responsible for our world and our planet.
Christ is telling us to do something different, to expand our awareness — to not sin, to not hurt our neighbor, to forgive, to make amends to those we have hurt, to not nurture a grudge, but to nurture non-violence instead.
Christ's very choosing of us, to de-hypnotize us, is an act of mercy. He wants us to focus on things that lead us to Him. It's imperative. Our world is on the brink of something. It could be on the brink of disaster or of salvation.
It's our choice.
What do you choose to do today?
Father Walter Dziordz, MIC, is Provincial Superior of the Marians' St. Stanislaus Kostka Province, based in Stockbridge, Mass. | <urn:uuid:2b73cc1d-f0ab-4be9-baec-12daba4427b2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thedivinemercy.org/news/The-Choice-That-Would-Make-a-World-of-Difference-2432 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00080-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968232 | 1,390 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Chocolate reigns king as the flavor of choice among consumers. Despite the best intentions of the food police, chocolate entices its way into the top spot with its obvious charm.
“There will always be a demand for indulgent and premium bakery products,” said Courtney LeDrew, cocoa and chocolate marketing manager, Cargill, Minneapolis. “As an affordable luxury, premium bakery items are one way for consumers to treat themselves.”
Chocolate perseveres through the health trends because it in itself carries some better-for-you benefits and is so conducive to added nutrients. And this once politically incorrect ingredient is jumping on the sustainability bandwagon with gusto as major chocolate suppliers develop programs to aid cocoa farmers in farming sustainably and fairly (see “ ‘Do good’ cocoa”). Nothing, not even the obesity epidemic, seems capable of toppling this king of flavors.
Draped in decadence
The idea of indulgence has evolved in recent years, but chocolate remains a key player. Americans are experimenting, wanting to combine flavors never thought to pair well such as sweet with savory, for example, the recent trend of adding bacon and salted caramel to everything in sight. Chocolate has not escaped this trend and in some ways benefitted. Incorporating chocolate into a food, no matter how mundane, will raise it to decadent. Specifically in the bakery category, Emily Villette, product manager for the Real Chocolate Business Unit, Puratos Group, Cherry Hill, NJ, sees a dominance of chocolate and cocoa flavors, and this prevalence continues to increase.
“Chocolate is used to elevate the appearance of a finished product or add different texture components or flavor,” Ms. Villette said. “A lot of products that traditionally were not made with chocolate now have a chocolate variety.” She has seen combinations of fruit with chocolate in bakery items such as panetone with strawberry and chocolate as well as chocolate decorations on cakes and croissants and shortbread dipped in chocolate.
The National Confectioners Association’s 2009 Trend Report surveyed 40 industry experts who pointed to consumer interest in chocolate flavored with spices, salts, herbs and floral essences, particularly ones with an ethnic flair. Sweet-and-savory also is heavily on the minds of shoppers — pairings like chocolate with cheese. Chocolate in its many forms is being seen in BBQ sauces, rubs and spice blends, carving out a new frontier for the ingredient and proving that innovative possibilities are endless in the bakery and snack categories.
“Consumers are experience-driven; they’re willing to try new things, and they actively seek out exciting and intense flavor pairings and new textures,” Ms. LeDrew observed. This desire for sensory experience provides an opportunity for chocolate innovators.
ADM Cocoa, Milwaukee, WI, focuses its new chocolate ingredients on fulfilling this desire for sensory experience with products that use more intense and indulgent cocoa flavors, even more vibrant colors, according to Adam Lechter, director of product services and development for the company. The company recently expanded its deZaan brand. The line includes an extra-dark black cocoa powder known as deZaan E11EB and the Fresco Cacao range featuring deZaan F11FR, a fruity non-bitter cocoa powder suited to yogurt and fresh fruit applications.
As a part of the line expansion, the company launched deZaan D11SQ cocoa powder having an intense cocoa and chocolaty taste with a complementing dark brown color. “ADM Cocoa has developed these products to meet rising consumer demand for a more intense, indulgent cocoa and chocolate experience,” Mr. Lechter said.
Puratos’ Origin product line tailors cocoa by selecting and combining chocolates from various places around the world with specific flavors. “By selecting cocoa beans that are very different from each other, we can offer a distinct choice of chocolates that reflect the difference of the regions where cocoa is grown and allow differentiation in chocolate applications,” Ms. Villette said.
Coated with nutrition
When it comes to health and nutrition, chocolate wins on all sides. Chocolate brings to the table its own antioxidant power, which consumers find appealing. It is also a source of vitamin A and minerals such as magnesium, calcium and iron. Clinical studies show that cocoa and dark chocolate can decrease blood pressure and the risk of heart attack and stroke.
“Nutritive claims are important because consumers want to be able to indulge while doing something good for their health,” Ms. LeDrew said.
Despite these benefits, chocolate is high in fat and sugar. With obesity and related chronic illnesses such as diabetes on the rise, demand for sugar-free chocolate to use in sugar-free baked goods persists.
“There continues to be demand for sugar-free products on the baking side,” said Tom Parady, associate program coordinator, Roquette America, Geneva, IL. “There is a fairly good bit of business in the area of sugar-free chocolate chips for sugar-free cookies.”
Mr. Parady attributes this demand to the diabetic community, and Roquette’s answer has been its SweetPearl maltitol that helps chocolate suppliers replace the sugar in chocolate on a 1:1 basis. Mr. Parady said bakers don’t need to worry about the sensory qualities of chocolate made with SweetPearl straying far from chocolate containing sugar.
“Generally speaking, the sugar-free products won’t behave much differently than their sugar counterparts in most applications,” he indicated. “In the case of chocolate chips, you might be able to get a little benefit from adjusting your baking conditions. We’ve seen that you get a little better texture in cookies using a higher baking temperature and shorter time.”
Looking for alternative sweeteners to sugar, Barry Callebaut, Chicago, has sweetened its chocolate with stevia extract, which replaces the refined sugar and contains zero calories per g while maintaining taste and texture.
The company also sweetens chocolate in its Sweet by Fruits line with all-natural sugars from fruits such as apples or grapes. This makes the chocolate sweet without the added refined sugar or artificial sweeteners, and the fruit sugar does not compromise taste.
While some chocolate suppliers may be removing sugar, others are adding protein. Chocolate hides unwanted flavors that can show up when formulators add protein or fiber to the mix.
“Chocolate offers a great way to mask the flavors of added nutrients,” Ms. LeDrew said. “As a result, there are many opportunities for innovative fortified confectionery coatings that will help contribute to a nutrient content claim for protein.”
She also noted that fiber-fortified confectionary coatings have also been showing up, but protein seems to be the trend gaining momentum.
“Protein is gaining interest, and it is at the convergence of a number of trends including healthy snacking, weight management, sports nutrition and producing food targeted toward aging adults in the US,” she said. “Protein products have now become applicable to a wide audience from aging baby boomers and individuals trying to maintain or lose weight, to athletes and anyone seeking products that keep them fuller longer.”
Cargill developed a number of chocolate ingredients that pair cocoa with protein under its Wilbur brand. The company formulated Wilbur Y854 cocoa confectionary protein wafers and Y855 milk confectionery protein wafers with 20% total protein. The company even developed white chocolate protein drops, Wilbur 7938, which are formulated with 10% total protein while still meeting the Standard of Identity for white chocolate. Wilbur Y958 cocoa confectionery protein drops are formulated with 25% total protein. Ms. LeDrew said all these products can be incorporated into snack bars for added protein while the drops can be used in cookies, muffins, breads and any other bakery application.
Bakers and snack makers may want to reinvent their products by dipping them in a pool of chocolate or a quick drizzle for a garnish. Larger-than-life chocolate inclusions and rich coatings take desserts, breakfast foods and snacks to the next level while promoting antioxidant benefits or added protein or fiber. Chocolate ingredients provide bakers and snack makers the bridge between affordable indulgences and strict nutrition standards. | <urn:uuid:55b7c0c5-26a4-4637-8f00-8ad87835a527> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bakingbusiness.com/Features/Formulations/2013/12/Double%20dipping.aspx?p=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00501-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934033 | 1,757 | 1.507813 | 2 |
"A mind is a precious thing to waste, so why are millions of America’s students wasting theirs by going to college? All of us who have been there know an undergraduate education is primarily a four year vacation interrupted by periodic bouts of cramming or Google plagiarizing, but at least it used to serve a purpose. It weeded out underachievers and proved at a minimum that you could pass an SAT test. For those who made it to the good schools, it proved that your parents had enough money to either bribe administrators or hire SAT tutors to increase your score by 500 points. And a degree represented that the graduate could “party hearty” for long stretches of time and establish social networking skills that would prove invaluable later on at office cocktail parties or interactively via Facebook. College was great as long as the jobs were there.
So is college tuition (higher education) in a bubble? Here are facts Gross provided. The chart above compares college tuition, home prices and the CPI.
"Fact: College tuition has increased at a rate 6% higher than the general rate of inflation for the past 25 years, making it four times as expensive relative to other goods and services as it was in 1985. Subjective explanation: University administrators have a talent for increasing top line revenues via tuition, but lack the spine necessary to upgrade academic productivity. Professorial tenure and outdated curricula focusing on liberal arts instead of a more practical global agenda focusing on math and science are primary culprits.
Fact: The average college graduate now leaves school with $24,000 of debt and total student loans now exceed this nation’s credit card debt at $1.0 trillion and counting (7% of our national debt). Subjective explanation: Universities are run for the benefit of the adult establishment, both politically and financially, not students. To radically change the system and to question the sanctity of a college education would be to jeopardize trillions of misdirected investment dollars and financial obligations."
Venture capitalists like Peter Thiel (the initial investor in Facebook) are trying to disrupt it. Continue reading: http://www.pimco.com/EN/Insights/Pages/School-Daze-School-Daze-Good-Old-Golden-Rule-Days.aspx
The University Has No Clothes: "The notion that a college degree is essentially worthless has become one of the year’s most fashionable ideas, with two prominent venture capitalists (Cornell ’89 and Stanford ’89, by the way) leading the charge." (New York Magazine)
James Altucher: College is a Scam (Yahoo Finance Tech Ticker) | <urn:uuid:2507bbcc-3d1c-478f-b14c-cb46526cb3f2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.distressedvolatility.com/2011/06/bill-gross-college-is-waste-college.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00556-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954627 | 545 | 2 | 2 |
An organization includes threat, loss, as well as unpredictability. It needs a lot of guts and also daring. Organization began as a means of making the most of profit and chasing after money. Today, company has become an important institution that serves social requirements. Its fundamental purposes consist of the manufacturing and also exchange of items and services to meet human demands. For this reason, there is always a risk included. Nevertheless, the business globe is a lot more complex than simply chasing money.
While some businesses are little procedures in one market, others are big, covering numerous industries. As an example, Apple as well as Walmart are both organizations. Companies are defined by what they produce, sell, or acquire, as well as are frequently classified by market. These markets likewise assist specify what sort of company they are. While some businesses are purely making and selling items, others run in a solution sector. Examples of this are oil firms, property, as well as mattress production. Regardless of industry, all companies have at least something alike: they offer products and services to consumers.
While an organization might not require a physical area, it should be moneyed by profit-oriented activities. Companies include nonprofits, philanthropic companies, federal government programs, as well as consultants. Businesses might not have a store front or internet site, such as a consultant. Organizations often have several facets, consisting of a selection of lawful structures. As an example, a minimal liability firm is a company, yet there are various tax guidelines for incorporating a business in a specific state.
Businesses take on various forms, as well as there is a difference in between a single trader, a collaboration, and also a corporation. A single owner, as its name suggests, owns as well as operates business entirely. The single proprietor is also in charge of all business’s financial obligations. Nonetheless, a single proprietor is exposed to unlimited responsibility, as business can stop working. If you fail to pay your costs on time, your lenders can take your personal possessions.
The function of the chief running policeman is greatly operational. This person might defer to the basic supervisor if necessary, however he is responsible for making certain that the firm runs efficiently. He or she oversees numerous divisions and also makes sure that staff members are meeting their tasks. A chief running officer commonly prepares and performs business’s operational needs. A primary financial officer, for instance, oversees the organization’s funds. An executive needs to contend least some understanding of the economic world prior to beginning an organization.
A main monitoring difficulty is choosing what to do next. For long-term success, a business might want to merge with one more organization or take control of one. Tech Mahindra, for instance, lately took over Satyam Computers as well as combined with it. Large business may additionally want to get into smaller sized entities. Therefore, it’s crucial to frequently take a look at different strategies. The corporate method function of a company is normally managed by the company technique department.
Business are categorized according to their lawful structure. For example, there are statutory firms, limited business, and also incorporated associations. A company formed via letters patent is typically a company sole, yet there are also hybrid entities. In most cases, the most common type of firm is a minimal business. Nonetheless, there are likewise hybrid entities – a minimal company without a share resources and a limitless business with or without a share resources. If a firm is not restricted by a share resources, it is called a statutory firm.
Additionally, business features risks. These risks include uncertainty and risk. The uncertainty of returns, government plans, as well as the economic situation are all elements that can impact a service. Thus, business has a high degree of risk. Despite these dangers, the advantages of company far surpass its drawbacks. So, a local business owner need to recognize that the threats of a service are very actual and that there is no chance to anticipate them ahead of time.
Along with staying clear of monetary risk, an entrepreneur ought to also understand the tax needs of his/her jurisdiction. There are numerous methods to structure a company, and also recognizing exactly how tax obligation regulations impact different organization entities is necessary. In addition to guaranteeing tax compliance, an entrepreneur should likewise comprehend just how to file income tax returns. An audio structure will make sure that business will remain on track as well as not experience hiccups along the way. Once a business is established and runs efficiently, the risks will certainly be decreased.
Ecommerce business are making use of new technologies to create a global organization that gets to even more individuals. These advancements are transforming the globe of organization. In the last few years, we’ve experienced the increase of e-business. From basic web sites like Uber, to massive firms like Amazon.com, the Net has changed the method we do business. Whether it’s food shipment or purchasing, the electronic world is supplying us with brand-new tools that make it less complicated to do our jobs.
Along with shopping internet sites, businesses have come to be increasingly complex. For example, a single proprietorship brings a large responsibility for all overhead. The single owner of a service is additionally personally responsible for all financial debts as well as obligations. This type of service is not scalable for the majority of people. However, if your skills are solid sufficient, a sole proprietorship can be an outstanding option. But it does have its negative aspects.
A company is an activity that includes the manufacturing and sale of products and services. These products might be either durable goods or industrial items. Consumer goods are products intended for straight or indirect usage. On the other hand, commercial products are generated for manufacturing functions as well as are called producer’s items. Numerous kinds of organizations consist of a wide variety of services, consisting of power, water, financing, advertising, stockroom, as well as transportation. These activities are controlled by government laws and also should fulfill strict quality standards. Click for more
A service can take numerous types, consisting of a single proprietorship, partnership, or company. There are several kinds of company, each with their very own benefits and negative aspects. Generally, a company seeks to make profit by supplying products as well as solutions to individuals in exchange for payment. While a service can be rewarding without producing a revenue, it is still taken into consideration a service if the main function is earnings generation. If business is not generating revenue, it can be in the form of supply, safeties, or barter trades. | <urn:uuid:401f2912-87a0-4de0-993b-5329214b5d65> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://radulphuscollege.net/2022/07/14/you-need-to-experience-organization-at-the-very-least-when-in-your-lifetime-as-well-as-right-heres-why/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.973712 | 1,332 | 2.625 | 3 |
Heighe House, nestled on 12.86 lush acres along Bynum Run , just outside of the town of Bel Air, was developed in 1928 by Anne McEderry Heighe, the "First Lady of Maryland Horse Racing". Built on the site of and incorporating the stone foundations of the former c. 1745, Moore's Mill, this Colonial Revival home is the earliest and best example of a 20th century American Country House. It was placed on the Maryland National Register of Historic Places in 1990. This beautiful 2 1/2 story stone home has been partially renovated in recent years. Much of the original architectural solid wood, stone features and period details have been preserved - One of the Moore's Mill millstones is incorporated into the floor of the front porch of the main entrance, while another is located in the kitchen floor and a third is located on the walkway to the left of the house. You will find that this home has a unique layout featuring six bedrooms, many with fireplaces and en-suite bathrooms. Recent upgrades include: all new custom wood windows, a new HVAC (3 zone) system, all new plumbing and electric - 400 amp service, hook up to public sewers, extensive wood & trim work and wall refinishing, plus much more. A full luxury grand kitchen remodel including: a built-in brick pizza oven, all appliances and custom cherry wood cabinets & tile flooring, is underway and awaits your refinement! The original outdoor gardens, various plantings, and vast drifts of wildflowers, along with a system of ponds, streams and waterfalls which were created when this home was first built, have been partially restored . This home is being sold "As Is". While much of the interior and exterior work has been completed, for this home to reach its full potential, this property needs your finishing touches. If you're a lover of all things old and beautiful, don't miss the opportunity to restore this home to it's celebrated past.
Bel AirElementary School
C. Milton WrightHigh School | <urn:uuid:04f13f6b-dd62-4242-bdf8-a2eb27d4400d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jenvernonrealtor.com/property/md/21014/bel-air/moores-mill-manor/908-old-southampton-rd/62db0a97e39e953cac2606cb/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.962714 | 431 | 1.5 | 2 |
A light earthquake with magnitude 4.3 (ml/mb) was reported 90 kilometers (56 miles) from Ilo in Peru on Friday. Global time and date of event 14/12/18 / 2018-12-14 08:40:07 / December 14, 2018 @ 8:40 am UTC/GMT. The temblor was picked up at 03:40:07 / 3:40 am (local time epicenter). The epicenter was at a depth of 33.34 km (21 miles). Event id: us2000ivbw. Ids that are associated to the earthquake: us2000ivbw. A tsunami warning has not been issued (Does not indicate if a tsunami actually did or will exist). Exact location of event, longitude -71.44 West, latitude -18.4517 South, depth = 33.34 km.
Closest city/cities or villages, with min 5000 pop, to hypocenter/epicentrum was Ilo. Nearby country/countries that might be effected, Peru (c. 29 907 000 pop). Epicenter of the earthquake was 91 km (57 miles) from Ilo (c. 53 500 pop).
Earthquakes 4.0 to 5.0 are often felt, but only causes minor damage. Every year there are an estimated 13,000 light earthquakes in the world. In the past 24 hours, there have been two, in the last 10 days two, in the past 30 days two and in the last 365 days six earthquakes of magnitude 3.0 or greater that have been detected nearby.
Questions or comments?
How did you react? Was there any damage to buildings? Leave a comment or report about shaking, activity and damage at your home, city and country. The information in this article comes from the USGS Earthquake Notification Service. Read more about the earthquake, Seismometer information, Distances, Parameters, Date-Time, Location and details about this quake, detected near: 90 km S of Ilo, Peru.
Copyright © 2019 earthquakenewstoday.com All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:eb9f0bf6-7470-4b1e-9403-c919ddf80dae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.earthquakenewstoday.com/2019/01/02/light-earthquake-4-3-mag-was-detected-near-ilo-in-peru/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.923519 | 434 | 2.140625 | 2 |
A Kansas State University researcher says that games like Nintendo's Wii Fit - which incorporate yoga, strength training, balance and aerobics - may be utilised as a promising tool to promote physical activities for people of all ages.
The suggestion given by David Dzewaltowski, professor and head of the department of kinesiology at K-State and director of the university's Community Health Institute, contrasts the belief that emerging technologies can create environments that require very little physical effort, and thus promote sedentary activities among people.
Advertisement"I think there is a great potential to develop ways to promote physical activity through technology. Kids innately like to move, so I believe that there is a big future in games that use emerging technologies and require movement because the games will be enjoyed by children and also be more healthy than existing games," said Dzewaltowski.
In a commentary published in the journal Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, Dzewaltowski highlights the fact that Wii Fit has interactive games that require the player to physically move, which is better than nothing.
He says that the game uses a balance board and allows gamers to simulate challenges, such as snowboarding down a mountain.
"Anything that gets people to move more than they have in the past is positive, but if people are trying to replace physical activity that demands more movement with the Wii, then that will be negative," Dzewaltowski said.
He admitted that it was difficult in a small indoor space to replicate the intensity of some real-life physical activities, but pointed out that dance video games were effective at demanding physical movements that require caloric expenditure.
"The caloric expenditure demanded by an activity depends on the energy necessary to move the body's weight to complete the task and how long you perform the task," Dzewaltowski said.
The researcher further said that one would spend different amounts of calorie while performing different activities-playing a game of soccer demands much more energy expenditure than bowling or playing the outfield in baseball.
Dzewaltowski is of the opinion that Wii Fit may serve as an effective tool to create or maintain a healthy lifestyle for some people because it follows the basic principles for adhering to an exercise program-such as having physical activity goals, tracking those goals and evaluating the progress.
He also calls Wii Fit a good screening tool for adults because it measures players' body mass index (BMI), a weight evaluation based on height and weight.
Given that a player could categorize himself as being overweight or obese, Dzewaltowski said that he should seek more information from a health professional who could better evaluate the level of body fat.
However, the calculation would not be suitable for kids, said the researchers.
"For children, the BMI calculation has to be expressed based on age and gender growth charts, and it doesn't do that. Due to children's age and gender differences in growth, the adult BMI calculators don't work. My use of the Wii BMI calculator showed that it was inappropriate for children and would categorize children incorrectly," Dzewaltowski said.
Although the game also gives players fitness age measurements, Dzewaltowski does not consider it to be credible.
He said that it was more important to focus on behaviours like physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption than on the game's BMI and fitness age measurements.
Dzewaltowski thinks that gamers can solely rely on Wii Fit for exercise if they are meeting the guidelines for physical activity set by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
He said that future technologies should continue to promote physical activity if they made exercise enjoyable, especially for adults.
"I also believe that adults enjoy movement if they are at a fitness level where they can perform the activity comfortably. The problem is most adults have very poor fitness levels. So, I believe there is a future in developing games that include movement and demand caloric expenditure at the level of the participant," Dzewaltowski said. | <urn:uuid:5c55b651-d244-440a-9eaa-22a83d2c2240> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.medindia.net/news/Wii-Fit-Can-Be-Used-To-Promote-Physical-Fitness-For-People-Of-All-Ages-46103-1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00124-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963855 | 816 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Are university ranking accurate?
Sure, rankings aren’t completely baseless; they do consider many important factors and while lists like “50 Under 50”, “100 Under 50”, and various regional lists are more common now, the World Rankings are still held as the ultimate canon.
Which university ranking is most accurate?
The three longest established and most influential global rankings are those produced by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS), Times Higher Education (THE) and ShanghaiRanking Consultancy (the Academic Ranking of World Universities; ARWU).
What are universities ranked based on?
Ranking bodies look at the number of unique publications come out of an institution. This means not only articles and books, but conferences, patents, and citations in other work. More publications = higher ranking.
Do employers look at university rankings?
Academic qualifications First, graduate employers do of course look at applicants’ academic qualifications. As well as checking how impressive your grades are, or the level of education you’ve reached, employers will also consider how well matched your academic qualifications are for the role in question.
Is there any Indian university in world ranking?
Three Indian universities in top-200 in QS World rankings, IISc ranks 1st for research. Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay and IIT Delhi remained the three universities from India to rank in the top-200 positions in the latest QS World University Rankings 2022.
Are Nirf rankings fake?
The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) is proof. Lamenting the lack of Indian names in global university rankings, the Human Resource Development (HRD) Ministry launched the NIRF in 2015. The third edition of these rankings was released on 3 April.
Is UST older than Harvard?
UST was founded by Miguel de Benavides on April 28, 1611. That makes this school older than Harvard by more than a quarter-century. (Harvard was founded on September 18, 1636.) | <urn:uuid:337ec0ef-db0c-48bd-8908-6a617c97d78c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://leantichetorri.com/universita/i-lettori-chiedono-are-universities-ranking-true.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.931478 | 433 | 1.960938 | 2 |
The BLS unemployment report shows total nonfarm payroll jobs gained were 114,000 for September 2012 and the unemployment rate dropped to an artificial 7.8%. Some better news was August's payrolls were revised up by 40,000 jobs to 181,000 and July was also revised up by 46,000 jobs to show a gain of 142,000 in nonfarm payrolls. The below graph shows the monthly change in nonfarm payrolls employment.
The BLS actually is two separate surveys and this month the two really diverged. CES or payrolls shows little job growth while the Household survey, or CPS shows an impossible gain of 873,000 employed people and a monthly drop of -456,000 in those officially unemployed. We've already covered these discrepancies in this article directly comparing the household to payrolls survey and another, showing labor force movements as well as part-time workers. Now let's take a look at the jobs reported by businesses, the other survey from the employment report.
There were 104,000 private sector jobs gained while government payrolls added 10,000 jobs. Manufacturing lost 16,000 jobs.
The start of the great recession was declared by the NBER to be December 2007. The United States is now down -4.482 million jobs from December 2007, 4 years and 9 months ago.
The below graph is a running tally of how many official jobs are permanently lost, from the establishment survey since January 2008. Amazing isn't it considering the time period of the below graph.
Manufacturing alone has lost 1.781 million jobs since January 2008. This month's loss of 16,000 is not good news.
Government gained 10,000 jobs for September and most of July's revisions were government jobs. That said, government, especially at the state and local level has been hemorrhaging jobs. Since January 2008, all government payrolls are down 375,000 jobs.
Construction has just been hammered due to the housing bubble collapse as well as the recession. This month construction gained 5,000 jobs yet from the beginning of the recession jobs in the construction field are down 1,958 million jobs.
Financial activities payrolls are now down -461,000 jobs since the start of the recession. This month the financial sector gained 13,000 jobs.
Retail trade, which are your retail sales outlets like big box marts, direct mailing and anything retailing merchandise, is down -804,000 jobs since the start of 2008.
Education and health services has consistently been increasing and this month was no exception 49,000 additional jobs and of those jobs 44.5 thousand were in health care and social assistance. A total of 1.805 million jobs have been gained in education & health services since the start of 2008.
Professional & Business services contains management, career professionals, science & technical, administrative and support and finally waste services. This industry sector is only down 95 thousand jobs since the start of the great recession and this month added 13,000 jobs.
Transportation and warehousing also has still not recovered their jobs and are down -142,500 since January 2008. This is in spite of this month's good showing of 17,000. These are services for moving of people as well as cargo and also storage.
As we can see 114,000 in payrolls growth is actually terrible and depending on which labor participation rate one uses, really not enough to keep up with employing the growing U.S. work force.
We also want to go back to 2008 for it seems the press and others forget, we simply have not recovered from the Great recession at all. There is a massive jobs deficit, no matter what the official unemployment rate does.
The BLS gives industry payroll breakdowns for more detail on payrolls and job growth per NAICS classified industries. From the employment report we can see while we have on average job growth, payrolls are not growing as fast as they were in 2011.
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 114,000 in September. In 2012, employment growth has averaged 146,000 per month, compared with an average monthly gain of 153,000 in 2011.
In September, employment rose in health care and in transportation and warehousing. Health care added 44,000 jobs in September. Job gains continued in ambulatory health care services (+30,000) and hospitals (+8,000). Over the past year, employment in health care has risen by 295,000.
In September, employment increased by 17,000 in transportation and warehousing. Within the industry, there were job gains in transit and ground passenger transportation (+9,000) and in warehousing and storage (+4,000).
Employment in financial activities edged up in September (+13,000), reflecting modest job growth in credit intermediation (+6,000) and real estate (+7,000).
Manufacturing employment edged down in September (-16,000). On net, manufacturing employment has been unchanged since April. In September, job losses occurred in computer and electronic products (-6,000) and in printing and related activities (-3,000).
Employment in other major industries, including mining and logging, construction, wholesale trade, retail trade, information, professional and business services, leisure and hospitality, and government, showed little change over the month.
There were also primarily benchmark adjustments released, outlined here. The primarily benchmark will increase March 2012 nonfarm payrolls by 386,000 and the private sector by 453,000 jobs. These figures will be incorporated into the data in February 2013, using a one year backwards linear distribution adjustment.
Payrolls are much more accurate than the household survey and by looking back to 2008, we see most industries have not recovered even the jobs lost. Various fractions try to spin the unemployment rate yet payrolls tell no lie, labor has not recovered from the recession. | <urn:uuid:cc4a0290-9be1-49fb-8b27-807600a6ac74> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.economicpopulist.org/content/look-septembers-payrolls-employment-report | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00361-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969918 | 1,194 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Luc P. Beaudoin, Ph.D. (Cognitive Science)
Adjunct Professor of Cognitive Science
Adjunct Professor of Education
Simon Fraser University
EDB 7505, 8888 University Drive
Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
firstname.lastname@example.org Skype: LPB2ha
Last Revised: 2015–06–10 (See revision history)
First published: 2015–06–04
A study published June 1, 2015, on the benefits of a “single-shot” of CBT-I (Ellis, Cushing, Germain, 2015 has received a lot of media attention and generated considerable discussion. Few of the commentators seem to have read the full article. Their response, (including a reddit thread with over 1,000 comments, and counting), seems to be to Northumbria University’s description of the study. It’s unfortunate that a research project should be judged without reading the actual article. That is the problem with closed access publications. SLEEP, the journal in which the study was published, has a 6-month embargo before it opens its articles to the public.
So, in this article I comment briefly on the discussion and the study itself.
Ellis and colleagues applied a single session of psychotherapy in the form of CBT-I (cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia) to 20 participants with acute insomnia — i.e., who had not (“yet”) developed chronic insomnia. The session lasted 60–70 minutes and was administered by Ellis himself. Both this group and a control group filled out an insomnia questionnaire and regularly filled out a sleep diary received. The control group received no other treatment. One month later, the CBT-I group had significantly lower levels of insomnia than the control group. Twelve of the former “remitted” whereas only three of the latter did.
Several people on reddit complained that the sample size was too small to prove anything. However, the authors statistically qualified their results (the short description gives a “t(38) 2.24, P < 0.05”). If their sampling and methodology was right, then they may be on to something. One study is just one study. But then so is every study in psychology. Scientific findings always require replication. The authors stated the need for replication in their conclusion.
That said, the title of the Northumbria University web page, “73% of insomniacs cured” is a bit bombastic. The target article summary used the phrase “remitted” not “cured”. It is questionable whether one can be “cured” of acute insomnia. The researchers assessed the participants three months after the treatment. That is the minimum period for clinical chronic insomnia in DSM-V (“The sleep difficulty occurs at least 3 nights per week, is present for at least 3 months, and despite adequate opportunity for sleep”). According to the target summary, the purpose of the study was to assess whether a single session of psychotherapy could prevent development of chronic insomnia. The authors indicate in their conclusion that their results suggest their intervention treated insomnia.
Even if we read the article as pointing only to prevention, the situation is likely to be a bit more complicated than the University’s website (PR) article suggests. For example, the final published experimental measurement was done one month after the intervention. It is quite possible that the control group’s remission rate would be higher at 4 months. The authors report a non-experimental observation 3 months after the intervention of the experimental group only. For ethical reasons, they gave the control group access to the same intervention as the experimental group, which prevents comparison. Also, we should expect insomnia treatment to be more complicated than that because even intensive CBT-I, while the treatment of choice, is not completely effective. Evidence for this is provided by the large number of researchers who continue to assess CBT-I, attempt to improve it, and to provide alternatives. I, for instance, have been working on an improvement to traditional imagery distraction called serial diverse imagining. (See the section on “Imagery distraction as an implementation intention” below).
Speaking of alternatives to CBT, just recently, in a different forum, I blogged about how mindfulness seems promising for insomnia. For instance, Black, O’Reilly, Olmstead, Breen, and Irwin (2015) found that mindfulness training was helpful for insomnia in older adults. In this context, several things are noteworthy about Black’s research. One such fact is that they specifically do not present their treatment as one that is directly targeted at insomnia:
We do not provide any instruction about sleep in our classes as the whole intent was not to make it a sleep intervention course. They learn the basics of mindfulness in the UCLA MARC course, see http://marc.ucla.edu (Black, 2015, personal communication)
This is consistent with mindfulness therapies which accept mental content and experience, including insomnia. CBT-I, in contrast, is “full on”, “in your face” targeted at reducing insomnia.
Another fact is how Black et al. cautiously expressed their conclusions:
Pending future replication of these findings, structured mindfulness meditation training appears to have at least some clinical usefulness to remediate moderate sleep problems and sleep-related day-time impairment in older adults.
Several other studies on mindfulness and acceptance are showing promising results for insomnia. See Ong, Ulmer & Manber (2011) for an explanation of the key concepts.
Some commenters are quite skeptical that such brief psychotherapy as Ellis and colleagues provided can have substantial benefits. To this there are several answers, such as that this is why we do empirical research: to see which of many conflicting intuitions is correct. (Clearly the authors feel a one-shot approach can help).
Now, brief forms of psychotherapy have been developed and studied for various types of problems for a long time. There is an established type of psychotherapy actually called brief therapy, for instance. See A Brief Guide to Brief Therapy by Brian Cade and Bill O’Hanlon (1993). However, the systematic “one shot” approach does not fit the “brief psychotherapy” mold. Cade & O’Hanlon, for instance, clearly emphasize in their introduction and throughout their book the importance of understanding the client’s concerns, in a way that is client-centred –not something one can do in an hour. CBT tends to focus more on the problem and brief therapy more directly on solutions. However, this one-shot CBT-I could presumably be plugged into the course of brief therapy. Further, the authors cite prior evidence in favour of brief psychotherapies for chronic insomnia.
What is relatively new about the study is that it’s about one shot CBT-I. And CBT-I does indeed appear to be the kind of treatment for which one can develop very concise versions. In fact, this is often done in practice.
Why bother researching short-form psychotherapy for insomnia? Well, coincidentally, today I just submitted an ethics application for my new cognitive treatment for insomnia (the cognitive shuffle, serial diverse imagining, or SDI) in which we wrote something that answers this question:
However, it is important to note that CBT-I is not easily accessible to the public because it is quite expensive and demanding (in time, finding an adequate therapist, finding an adequate strategy, etc.) Thus the interest in developing accessible and inexpensive alternatives.
In other words, like Ellis and colleagues, Julie Carrier, Jessica Massicotte-Marquez and I also justified researching the effectiveness of our treatment (SDI) because traditional CBT-I is so expensive. However, we do not claim our treatment (SDI) is a compressed form of CBT-I. SDI is a potential addition to the cognitive toolkit of therapist and client. It could be administered by itself to deal with insomnia; however, it ought not to replace sleep hygiene, problem solving, and other salubrious practices. CBT-I potentially deals with much more than just imagery distraction, including:
It is plausible that a one-shot treatment of CBT-I can deliver a lot of the above. However, one thing I would be quite surprised to see is if it can deliver significant cognitive restructuring. Cognitive restructuring can be quite tricky. So tricky in fact that some acceptance and commitment therapists are skeptical of it. They don’t press as hard to change beliefs and cognitions (though of course they do try to do some of that, it’s required in deep psychological change). They accept that the mind generates a lot of “garbage”. They use “cognitive defusing” not to make you stop thinking “those crazy thoughts” but to decrease their psychological potency.
Also, insomnia is often a symptom of some deeper problem that requires other psychological treatment. One might have an anxiety disorder or lack the wherewithal to leave an abusive relationship. Solve the source problem and the insomnia may also go away. A one-shot therapy session that focuses only on sleep considerations won’t cut it. More general cognitive therapy, meta-cognitive therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) or other therapy may be required. An acceptance and commitment mindset, for instance, cannot be learned in a session. But the benefits are deep. Still, it is worth measuring just how effective one-shot therapy can be. Moreover, with software it should be possible to tailor short-form therapy to the individual. That is an approach taken by Ellis’ colleague, Colin A. Espie, in one of the latter’s commercial ventures (Espie et al, 2012).
Of course, it’s impossible to tell which component of the intervention applied by Ellis contributed most to its effects. A pamphlet was also given to the experimental group. Was it the pamphlet, a cognitive component, or a behavioral component?
Interestingly, prior research suggests that bibliotherapy for insomnia may be more effective than simple sleep hygiene (Bjorvatn, Fiske, & Pallesen, 2011). So it may be that the pamphlet played an important role. veluna on reddit pointed out that education alone doesn’t do the trick. There needs to be follow-up to ensure the application of what was learned. I agree that reading per se is not sufficient; nor is traditional therapy sufficiently efficient. As I argued in chapter 15 of Cognitive Productivity, key principles from educational psychology and expertise are as important for therapy as they are for bibliotherapy. In particular, I argued that therapist should try to boost their clients’ meta-effectiveness and combine treatments with productive practice (a form of deliberate practice and test-enhanced learning) that can be optimised with software.
Productive practice involves practicing answering questions (responding to challenges) over an extended period of time (applying principles of spacing, desirable difficulties, etc.). Participants could, for instance, be required to practice answering questions about the CBT-I materials. Using a productive practice system would come as close as one can reasonably get to ensuring that participants truly understand, can recall and apply the knowledge CBT-I aims to convey. Given the well documented problems of “transferring” and generalizing learning, and well-documented benefits of test-enhanced learning and deliberate practice, productive practice should be a standard prescription of psychotherapy.
Having said that, imagery distraction might have been the key component in the Ellis et al study because this technique is so easy to use. (See “Imagery distraction as an implementation intention” below.) In fact, one could argue that the Ellis et al paper is not the first one to demonstrate the effectiveness of succinct CBT-I, at least to the extent that some of its components (such as imagery distraction) have already been demonstrated to be effective alone, with only brief training.
Also, CBT is by definition cognitive and behavioral. Because the Ellis et al intervention did not separate the cognitive from the behavioral component in different treatment groups, we don’t know which (if any) was the active ingredient. So they could just as well have changed their title to “Cognitive OR Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia …” There is incidentally prior research on cognitive vs. behavioral treatment for chronic insomnia (Harvey et al, 2014). However, that type of research is very expensive.
Ellis et al argued in favour of face-to-face intervention. Therapy is after all supposed to be individualized (otherwise it’s just a course or lecture). The experimental group were not merely read a standard script, as is typical in a psychology experiment where control is of the essence. The therapy was delivered one-on-one by Dr. Ellis, who is a world-class expert in insomnia. One can reasonably expect that Dr. Ellis was able, at least in some small way, to use his expertise to tailor his treatment to the individual participant. While this is good for the participants, it does complicate the interpretation of the results from this study. A typical CBT therapist does not specialize in insomnia and might not as effective as Dr. Ellis. Typically, therapists must deal with a very wide range of cases, limiting their ability to specialize and develop expertise. Therefore, it is not evident that a normal therapist would be able to achieve the same results as this study (assuming therapy was indeed the cause of the difference). One would want to replicate the study with a more representative therapist—i.e., one that has received the typical amount of training on CBT-I that one can expect a typical CBT therapist to have received. (For a detailed discussion of expertise in knowledge-intense disciplines, see my book, Cognitive Productivity.)
Research on implementation intentions suggests it is helpful to learn very simple if-then rules to address key problems and meet their goals. E.g., “If I have difficulty falling asleep, I will do this.” or “If I want to sleep well tonight, I will do that”
We know from research in cognitive psychology of memory that if the “if” component has too many consequents (“then” parts), then the consequents (the targets) will be difficult to recall. More generally, the probability of recalling a target given a cue is inversely proportional to the number of targets the cue has been associated with. This is the “fan effect”, or cue overload. So, if there are too many things to do in response to a given challenge (such as wanting to have better sleep efficiency tonight), then you might not be able to remember much of what you need to do. Cognitive Productivity presents solutions to the cue overload problem, such as the reconstructible-discriminative cue mnemonic (“RDQ”). One trick is to specialize the antecedents of your rules (the “if” parts) and to develop habits.
A helpful habit is to use imagery distraction before bed. Traditional imagery distraction involves imagining a scene for an extended period of time. This is supposed to keep one’s mind from entertaining insomnolent processes. Insomnolent information processing is that which keeps one awake (e.g., ruminating) (Beaudoin, 2013; Beaudoin & Digdon, manuscript in progress). This is because traditional imagery distraction is somewhat counter-insomnolent (Woolfolk & McNulty, 1983; Morin & Azrin, 1987). In addition, according to conditioning principles, if one gets in the habit of using imagery distraction on a regular basis, even when one has no particular concerns, then this type of thinking will become associated with somnolence. It should make it even more potent on good nights. I mooted this idea in Beaudoin (2013). Gellis, Arigo & Elliott (2013) proposed something similar. But the general conditioning principle is quite old.
I assume that Ellis et al used traditional imagery distraction, which I refer to as Monotonous Imagery Distraction (MID) because users are given a small palette of things they could imagine and then asked to focus on one of those things for a long period of time. Harvey & Payne (2002) expected that people would get bored of MID which would decrease its effectiveness. It would be easy enough to test Harvey & Payne’s claim. (One could ask its users, for instance). However, their claim has not yet been directly tested. Moreover, Digdon & Koble (2011) failed to corroborate it. Nevertheless, I suspect that people who score low on tests of cognitive miserliness (Stanovich, 2009, 2010) or whose minds tend to race (and this is widely thought to be a contributor to insomnia), would tend to find it stultifying. Moreover, it is unreasonable to expect that imagining a candle or the like for several minutes can compete with the worries that tend to keep people awake, again, especially for people who are having trouble with their racing thoughts to begin with.
That’s partly why I developed serial diverse imagining (Beaudoin, 2013, 2014). SDI involves briefly generating new images and entertaining them for a short period of time (e.g., 8–12 s). If my theory is correct, SDI delivers more than just distraction. It is meant to be positively somnolent. I developed both a DIY method of SDI and the design of an app to facilitate SDI. (This apps are commercialized by CogSci Apps Corp.: somnoTest for scholarly research purposes, and mySleepButton® for end-users). Preliminary results (Digdon & Beaudoin, to appear) will be reported in July. (We are planning two other comparative studies this year. I am also currently co-authoring a detailed paper that characterizes SDI and other cognitive therapies in relation to my theory of sleep onset, insomnia and emotion (Beaudoin & Digdon).)
It would be interesting to compare the Ellis therapy protocol including MID with that protocol using SDI instead.
Conditioning and bad habits are thought to be major contributors to insomnia. Correcting bad habits before they turn into major problems is a reasonable course of action. Ellis et al are to be commended for researching efficient forms of therapy for acute insomnia before chronic insomnia develops. “Prevention is better than the cure”.
Beaudoin, L. P. (2013).The possibility of super-somnolent mentation: A new information-processing approach to sleep-onset acceleration and insomnia exemplified by serial diverse imagining. Meta-effectiveness Research Project, Faculty of Education, Simon Fraser University. Retrieved from http://summit.sfu.ca/item/12143
Beaudoin, L. P. (2014). A design-based approach to sleep-onset and insomnia: super-somnolent mentation, the cognitive shuffle and serial diverse imagining. Presented at the 2014 Cognitive Science Society Annual Conference’s workshop on “Computational Modeling of Cognition-Emotion Interactions: Relevance to Mechanisms of Affective Disorders and Therapeutic Action”, July 23, 2014, Québec, Canada.
Beaudoin, L. P. (2015) Cognitive Productivity: Using Knowledge to Become Profoundly Effective CogZest: BC. Retrieved from https://leanpub.com/cognitiveproductivity/ (First edition: 2013).
Beaudoin, L.P. & Digdon, N. (manuscript in preparation). Towards an affective information-processing theory of sleep-onset and insomnia. (If you’re an academic interested in reviewing and providing feedback on this paper, please contact email@example.com for a copy.)
Bjorvatn, B., Fiske, E., & Pallesen, S. (2011). A self-help book is better than sleep hygiene advice for insomnia: A randomized controlled comparative study. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 52(6), 580–585. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467–9450.2011.00902.x
Black, D. S., O’Reilly, G. A., Olmstead, R., Breen, E. C., & Irwin, M. R. (2015). Mindfulness meditation and improvement in sleep quality and daytime impairment among older adults with sleep disturbances. JAMA Internal Medicine, 1–8. http://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.8081
Cade, B., & O’Hanlon, W. H. (1993). A Brief Guide to Brief Therapy. W. W. Norton.
Digdon, N. & Beaudoin, L. P. (2015: Accepted) A test of the somnolent mentation theory and the cognitive shuffle insomnia treatment. Poster to be presented at CogSci 2015 (The annual meeting of the Cognitive Science Society).
Digdon, N., & Koble, A. (2011). Effects of constructive worry, imagery distraction, and gratitude interventions on sleep quality: A pilot trial. Applied psychology: Health and well-being, 3(2), 193–206. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758–0854.2011.01049.x
Espie, C. A., Kyle, S. D., Williams, C., Ong, J. C., Douglas, N. J., Hames, P., & Brown, J. S. L. (2012). A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of online cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia disorder delivered via an automated media-rich web application. Sleep, 35, 769–781. http://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.1872
Harvey, A. G. (2014). Comparative efficacy of behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, and cognitive behavior therapy for chronic insomnia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0036606.supp
Morin, C. M., & Azrin, N. H. (1987). Stimulus control and imagery training in treating sleep-maintenance insomnia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(2), 260–262.
Woolfolk, R. L., & McNulty, T. F. (1983). Relaxation treatment for insomnia: A component analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51(4), 495–503.
Harvey, A. G., & Payne, S. (2002). The management of unwanted pre-sleep thoughts in insomnia: Distraction with imagery versus general distraction. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 40(3), 267–277.
Gellis, L. A., Arigo, D., & Elliott, J. C. (2013). Cognitive refocusing treatment for insomnia: A randomized controlled trial in university students. Behavior Therapy, 44(1), 100–110. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2012.07.004
Ong, J. C., Ulmer, C. S., & Manber, R. (2012). Improving sleep with mindfulness and acceptance: A metacognitive model of insomnia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(11), 651–660. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2012.08.001
Ellis, J. G., Cushing, T., & Germain, A. (2015). Treating acute insomnia: A randomized controlled trial of a “single-shot” of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, Sleep, 36(6), 971–978. http://www.journalsleep.org/ViewAbstract.aspx?pid=30045
Northumbria University (2015) 73% of insomniacs cured after 1-hour therapy session. Retrieved from https://www.northumbria.ac.uk/about-us/news-events/news/2015/06/73-of-insomniacs-cured-after–1-hour-therapy-session/
Stanovich, K. E. (2009). What intelligence tests miss: The psychology of rational thought. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Stanovich, K. E. (2011). Rationality and the reflective mind. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
2015–06–10 Updated with information from the source article, notably regarding periods of time.
2015–06–05. Corrected the Reddit comment count. I had accidentally referenced the submission’s score. Replaced some occurrences of the term “brief” to prevent confusion with standard brief therapy.
2015–06–04 (PDT). First draft.
The author, Dr. Beaudoin, is a co-founder of CogSci Apps Corp. and owner/manager of CogZest. CogSci Apps Corp. provides technical support and software to compare serial diverse imagining (SDI) with other cognitive treatments. mySleepButton® is an app for iPhone®, iPad®, iPod Touch® and Android that helps people use the serial diverse imagining treatment. (It will soon support other cognitive treatments). | <urn:uuid:f26453cd-cb4a-41b1-afb3-698568f3ea75> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.sfu.ca/~lpb/blog/insomnia/re-Ellis-2015-Northumbria-1-shot-study.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.927505 | 5,337 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Creating a pondscape
A pond is just a pond, right? Not necessarily. With the right landscaping, it can become an oasis on your property, both for people and wildlife. In this episode of the Living the Country Life radio program, you'll get some great ideas on themes and features to consider for turning your plain pond into a pondscape.
Radio interview source: Dean Hill, landscape architect, American Society of Landscape Architects
For more information on ponds, we recommend the following links:
Water wonder: Read how the Bauman family of Minnesota built an elaborate swimming pond complete with gorgeous landscaping, then browse a slideshow of more photos from their beautifully landscaped pond and yard.
Pond perfect: The key to finding happiness in your pondscape is to think about how you want to use the space before you make any big changes.
Build and landscape a pond: A small pond in the backyard can be enjoyed right from your patio or deck. Learn how to design one that will fit into your current landscaping without sticking out like a sore thumb.
Add Your Comment
You must be logged in to leave a comment. Login | <urn:uuid:7aa4ff1b-07b1-4144-90d8-33431c3b6a89> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.livingthecountrylife.com/homes-acreages/ponds/creating-a-pondscape/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00402-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916814 | 234 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Internet censorship in China could be about to get much worse.
The country on Monday passed a new cybersecurity bill that may have severe implications for both Chinese internet users and international tech companies, reports Reuters. These new measures will come into effect June 2017.
On the privacy front, the final draft of the bill stated that "critical information infrastructure operators" -- tech companies in and outside China -- are required to store their data on users on servers in the country.
The publication adds that the draft requires that these companies give "technical support" to security firms and pass national security standards. Additionally, companies that operate within China will be legally bound to enforce censorship, and will be held responsible for content spread through their platforms.
The People's Republic is the world's biggest internet market, with around 700 million users -- double the entire population of the United States. However, users in the country are restricted from platforms such as Facebook and Google, and international companies .
"If online speech and privacy are a bellwether of Beijing's attitude toward peaceful criticism, everyone -- including netizens in China and major international corporations -- is now at risk," said Sophie Richardson China Director of the Human Rights Watch.
"This law's passage means there are no protections for users against serious charges."
Chinese officials, however, argue that the new laws will benefit users. Xinhua, the country's state-run press agency, said the new measures hope to protect the information of Chinese internet users, as well as to reduce instances of fraud.
Zhao Zeliang, director-general of China's Cyberspace Administration's cybersecurity bureau, refuted claims that the new laws are designed to make life difficult for international companies. "Any company that wants to come in, as long as they obey Chinese laws, serve the interests [of] Chinese consumers, we welcome them," he said at a news conference, according to the Associated Press. | <urn:uuid:928cee7c-8dd8-4f7b-b782-537d1c32ed1d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/chinas-new-cyberlaws-have-many-scared/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.949741 | 386 | 2.28125 | 2 |
FAQ: Common Interview Questions for Electronics Engineers PDF Download eBook p. 2
Practice "Common Interview Questions for Electronics Engineers" quiz PDF to solve basic electronics worksheet 2 for online degree programs. Common interview questions for electronics engineers to solve basic electronics quiz with answers for college admission test.
"Most numerous charge carrier in a doped semiconductor material is called" Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) with choices minority carriers, majority carriers, holes, and electrons for online engineering associate's degree programs. Practice majority carriers questions and answers with free online certification courses for online engineering graduate schools.
Quiz on Common Interview Questions for Electronics Engineers Worksheet PDF Download eBook 2
MCQ: Most numerous charge carrier in a doped semiconductor material is called
- majority carriers
- minority carriers
MCQ: Embedded systems is the branch of
MCQ: Two transistors; one npn and other pnp having matched characteristics are termed as
- Captured Symmetry transistors
- Computer Symmetry transistors
- Complementary System transistors
- Complementary Symmetry transistors
MCQ: Resistance of resistor is measured in
MCQ: Uncharged particle found in nucleus of an atom is | <urn:uuid:a9801de1-c1df-4346-a521-bf79b1b527e8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mcqslearn.com/faqs/basic-electronics/quiz/quiz-questions-and-answers.php?page=2 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.830189 | 312 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Poor posture from slack muscles often causes or worsens LOWER BACK PAIN, but exercises that stretch the adductors, improve nerve communication to the gluteal muscles and reinforce the spinal arch can help. Reduce BACK PAIN with this FREE VIDEO of exercises to train PAIN - FREE.
Hi, I'm Leslie Mueller, from TriAlign, and today I'm going to show you some exercises for lower back pain.
In order to perform the exercises I'm going to show you today, you need a comfortable space to lie down on the floor, and you'll also need a pillow. We're using a therapeutic pillow, but if you don't have one oft these, you can use a yoga block or just a pillow that you would find in your home.
So before we begin, let me just say that lower back pain is often the result of poor posture, and poor posture is often caused by muscle groups that have shut down or are not getting a strong connection from your nervous system through the nerves that control those muscles. And so, they're sort of sleeping or slacking and not doing their job to support your body the way that they should.
The exercises I'm going to teach you today wake up common sleeping muscle groups in people who have lower back pain.
So, for the first exercise, you'll lie down on your back. You want your feet to be about hip-width apart which is only about six inches, a little closer, there you go. Then, you'll take your pillow and put it right between your knees, and you're just going to squeeze in on the pillow for about one second and then release and repeat that about 60 times. You don't have to squeeze in with maximal pressure, just maybe about 60 to 70 percent of your strength into the pillow.
This exercise is encouraging stability at the level of your hips and your pelvis, and that is essential for the prevention of lower back pain. Once you've done this one, this exercise, 60 times, then you'll just take the pillow and set it down, and while in the same exact position, you're going to contract your gluteal muscles. Your gluteal muscles are those that you sit on, okay?
You just want to engage them, and then release them and hold for about one second and relax, and this exercise is just encouraging a strong nerve connection to the glute muscles, which again, are really important muscles to have awake or stimulated in order to prevent lower back pain, and they very commonly shut down because we spend a lot of time sitting on them, okay?
Once you have done that one about 60 times, again, you're just contracting, relaxing, you're going to go into a position that is often called the frog. So, you'll just take the bottoms of your feet together and allow your knees to drop out to the side, just let gravity do the work here and relax your lower back and allow it to arch up off the floor. So, there should be a little bit of space here. Don't tense it. Just allow it to lift, okay?
So this exercise is stretching the adductor muscles or the inner thigh muscles but, more importantly with regard to back pain, is encouraging that arch in your lower back, or in some cases, actually re-establishing the arch. My name is Leslie Mueller, and this has been exercises for lower back pain.
Expert: Leslie Mueller
Bio: Leslie Mueller assists aging endurance athletes to train and race without pain as her great passion in life.
Filmmaker: Stephen Eyer | <urn:uuid:2ecfc8dc-7b61-4516-a705-0355b5b73be3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://one4share.blogspot.com/2011/05/free-video-exercise-for-low-back-pain.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00245-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964897 | 737 | 2.28125 | 2 |
Hillary Clinton, like Barack Obama and many other socialist Democrats, have been trying to disarm the American people. They have pushed to ban assault and assault-style weapons and even semi-automatic weapons. Did you know that many hunting rifles and shotguns are semi-automatic, meaning it reloads itself after being fired but you have to pull the trigger for each shot fired? They have also pushed for banning magazines that can hold more than 10-15 rounds of ammunition. They have also pushed to limit the amount of ammunition and even the number of weapons a person can buy in a given period of time. They claim they understand the right to bear arms to protect oneself at home, yet they push to make everyone keep their guns unloaded and locked up in a safe where it is useless for self-defense.
Through all of their anti-Second Amendment rhetoric, they claim that restricting and outlawing these weapons and firearm accessories, that it will keep them out of the hands of criminals and make Americans safe.
First of all, how can any American be safe in their home if they are required to keep their guns unloaded and locked up in a safe? Do they expect the homeowner to ask intruders to wait while they get their locked up guns and load them? How ridiculously absurd.
Secondly, how many convicted felons do you know that have walked into a gun store and filled out a background check so they could buy a gun to commit a crime with? They can easily obtain guns and even ammunition via illegal methods such as buying them off the streets and stealing them.
A prime example of the easy availability of firearms and firearm accessories is the recent arrest of Brent See in East Palestine, Ohio. East Palestine is about 12-15 miles southeast of Youngstown, Ohio and about 40 miles northwest of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
For the second time in two years, federal agents caught See with nearly 200 unregistered firearm silencers. Silencers must be registered and if Clinton and Obama are right in their arguments and rhetoric, then there is no way See should have been able to obtain so many unregistered silencers, especially for a second time in only two years.
The ATF agents raided See’s machine shop where they found 196 silencers that he had manufactured. According to statements made by See to ATF agents, he had been making the silencers for a year and planned to sell them on EBay for $50 to $80 each.
In 2014, See was arrested by ATD agents how purchased kits from him that would reduce the report of a firearm. He was convicted and sentenced to 6 months of house arrest using an electronic monitor and then placed on five years of probation. At the time of his arrest early in August of 2016, he was still on probation for the 2014 infraction.
So how will strict gun control laws stop people like See and others from making banned or registered firearm accessories or even firearms? When I was a teenage, I belonged to an Explorer Post that specialized in gunsmithing and we had a competitive shooting team on which I served. We were taught how to use various machines to tool gun barrels, trigger assemblies and virtually everything necessary to repair or even build a gun. I especially enjoyed making custom wood stocks for rifles and shotguns and hand grips for handguns. One thing I learned that is that with the right equipment, anyone can manufacture their own guns and accessories. No federal law will prevent people like See from manufacturing their own parts, such as silencers and there aren’t enough federal agents around to police everyone.
You can bet the farm that if Hillary is elected in November, she’ll be even worse than Obama in pushing every type of gun control and ban possible in an effort to disarm the American people. It’s hard to conquer a nation when the general population are well armed and ready to defend themselves against the type of tyranny Clinton and others want to rule by. | <urn:uuid:16f3cd30-350f-4b7f-bd74-c72d9cfb4d54> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://constitution.com/firearms-laws-dont-stop-man-ohio-manufacturing-200-unregistered-silencers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00347-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978378 | 790 | 1.5 | 2 |
Bottle Feeding or Breastfeeding: Which One is Right for You?
Some women have no trouble whatsoever deciding whether they should feed their infant the natural way or with a bottle. Some are strictly pro-nature while others say “no way!” But for most new mothers, the choice is not so simple. The process can be fraught with indecision, feelings of guilt, and social stigma (not to mention actual physical problems), making it extremely difficult to select the proper course of action. So if you’re having trouble deciding which way to go when it comes to feeding your newborn, here are a few things you should know.
First, it is important to note that mother’s milk is usually the healthiest for a baby. Natural milk passes along the majority of nutrients a baby needs to grow and develop properly (although there is generally a shortage of vitamin D, which can be given as a supplement). But it also contains vital antibodies that keep your baby safe from illness and infection during their most susceptible period of life. In addition, babies who are given breast milk tend to have less digestive problems. While all of this is good news for women keen to breastfeed, it should be noted that by pumping, women who are unable to feed their babies naturally (whether because they have to work, there is difficulty latching on, or they suffer too much pain from suckling, just to name a few reasons) can still give their infant the benefits of breast milk.
This brings us to the next issue, which is an inability to breastfeed. Many first-time mothers (and even those that are experienced) can have problems doing it the natural way. For one thing, latching on doesn’t come naturally. You need to know what you’re doing to get a baby to suckle properly. For another thing, it can be fairly painful for the mother (not to mention frustrating). For this reason, it could help to hire a breastfeeding coach. This person will come to your home and instruct you in the proper way to feed your baby, as well as impart tips to make it go smoothly and painlessly so that both of you can live with the process.
Of course, breastfeeding may simply not be an option. Or you may choose not to do so, for personal reasons. There’s absolutely nothing wrong with deciding to go this route. Many new mothers must return to work, or the thought of breastfeeding may be undesirable in some way. It’s nothing to feel guilty about; to each her own. But if you decide to go with formula, just be sure to speak with your pediatrician to make sure that you’re giving your baby all the nutrients he or she needs to stay healthy. Not all formulas are created equal, and reading the label can help you to determine which brand is right for your baby (although your infant may display their displeasure in a number of ways…most notably their diaper deposits).
It’s not easy to choose whether to give your baby the breast or the bottle. But whichever decision you make has to be right for you, regardless of what anyone else thinks. If your conscience is clear and the method of feeding you choose suits your lifestyle, then you’re going to be more at ease with your baby, and that’s what really matters.
Sarah Danielson writes for E-PAK Machinery, an industry leading manufacturer of in-line liquid packaging machinery. Whether you are looking for a filling machine or bottling equipment E-PAK Machinery can tailor a solution to meet your specific needs. | <urn:uuid:8c555f25-7322-4766-a419-fca2f3a8ff4f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://mylightweightstrollers.com/how-to-choose-between-bottle-and-breastfeeding/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.958511 | 742 | 1.773438 | 2 |
14 Precious metals and their alloys and goods in precious metals or coated therewith, not included in other classes; jewellery, costume jewellery; necklaces, pendants, earrings, bracelets, cuftlinks, rings for personal adornment; precious and semi-precious stones, and articles of jewellery and giftware made therefrom; watches, clocks; horological and chronometric instruments.
16 Paper, card, cardboard and goods made from these materials, not included in other classes; printed matter; postcards, greeting cards; books, booklets, catalogues, pamphlets, magazines, diaries, addressbooks, posters, printed publications; photographs, apparatus for mounting photographs; prints, pictures, paintings, figurines and ornaments made of papier mache; aristic works not included in other classes; stationery; school supplies; pens, pencils, writing instruments; adhesives for stationery or household purposes; artists' materials; paint brushes; typewriters and office requisites (except furniture); instructional and teaching material (except apparatus); plastic materials for packaging (not included in other classes); playing cards; printers'type; printing blocks.
18 Leather, imitation leather, and goods made from these materials and not included in other classes; animal skins, hides; bags, handbags, shoulder bags, shopping bags; cases not included in other classes, trunks, travelling bags, luggage; umbrellas, parasols and walking sticks; whips, harness and saddlery.
21 Household or kitchen utensils and containers (not of precious metal or coated therewith); crockery, cookware, chinaware; dishes, pans; combs and sponges; brushes (except paint brushes); brush-making materials; articles for cleaning purposes; steelwool; unworked or semi-worked glass (except glass for building); glassware, porcelain and earthenware not included in other classes; figurines and ornaments made of porcelain, terracotta, earthenware or glass.
24 Textiles and textile goods, not included in other classes; bed and table covers.
25 Clothing, footwear, headgear.
35 Advertising; business management; business administration, office functions; the bringing together for the benefit of others, of a variety of goods, enabling customers to conveniently view and purchase those goods in a store, from a catalogue by mail-order or by telecommunications, or from a website, in each case relating to general merchandise, clothing and accessoires, giftware or paper goods; information and advice in relation to any of the aforesaid services, to business or to fair trade.
41 Education; providing of training; entertainment; concerts; sporting and cultural activities. | <urn:uuid:c1b0d350-15f3-42bf-ba88-aa98f67eb71b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://tmdb.eu/trademark/002178218/eu/people-tree | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720153.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00324-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913724 | 571 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Attempting to master a new skill is never an easy process. Whether you’re learning to cook, code, or trade stocks, the process is always the same. First, you need to absorb tons of information and then you need to start applying that information. Once you start applying the information, you realize that there’s even more you need to learn.
The process can be overwhelming and leave you feeling lost.
So, how do we combat this?
First things first, you need to understand the process and where you currently stand. Mastering any skill takes time and trading is no different. You need to accept that and decide whether or not you want to commit to the process. If you’re looking for shortcuts, you’re going to get lost.
Don't expect to become an overnight success. Learn to appreciate the journey.
Once you’ve committed, you need a game plan.
This is where even the most dedicated traders can hit a wall. You set a goal, create a game plan, and put in the work, but nothing is clicking yet.
You know where you are and where you want to go. All of the pieces are there but there’s no roadmap. It’s easy to become overwhelmed by information overload.
Chances are, you’re lost in your own head. You’re putting in the hours, but your efforts aren’t organized.
The best way to fix this is to break the process into smaller parts.
Breaking Down Your Goals
Take a real-world example to convey the point. You want to start living a “healthy lifestyle” but you don’t know where to start. The task is broad and potentially daunting. It’s easy to freeze up if you don’t know where to start. If you break it down into smaller tasks, it becomes a lot easier.
- Sign up for a gym membership
- Choose 3 convenient times to go to the gym
- Choose 5 exercises you will focus on
- Remove junk food from the house
- Sign up for a healthy meal plan
Everything on this list takes about 5-10 minutes and there’s nothing stopping you from doing it.
We discussed a similar concept in a recent post when we showed how Tom Brady breaks down every small aspect of his game. By focusing on smaller parts of his game, he’s able to improve his overall skill.
We’re going to apply the same approach to trading.
Let’s assume you already have a reasonable goal – you want to make $100/day in the next 6 months. You’re committed to the goal but you don’t know where to start. Maybe you’ve already started but you keep hitting a wall.
It’s time to turn that goal into “micro tasks.” Micro tasks are a lot easier to take action on and much less overwhelming. You are taking your bigger goal and turning it into a bunch of smaller goals. You will focus on one smaller goal at a time before moving on to the next.
For example, if you’ve decided you really need to learn how to use the VWAP indicator, you will shift all of your attention to this goal until it is completed.
How to Set Smaller Goals
“Smaller goals” will vary by trader. These goals should be broken down into clear, actionable steps that you can start working on immediately.
The first step is analyzing your current trading process. Jot down a list of things you do every day. It may look something like:
- Scan for stocks
- Build watch lists
- Analyze charts
You can break those down even further if needed. For example, you may find that scanning for stocks includes the following activities:
- Scanning on Finviz
- Checking Top Movers Lists
- Analyzing Charts
- Filtering Stocks
Of course, you don’t want to rely on simply analyzing your own behaviors because you may be missing an important part of the process. Once you’ve analyzed your own behaviors, find examples of traders who are in the position you want to be in. Start analyzing what they do (to the best of your ability). You may come up with a list like:
- Secure borrows every morning
- Keep track of trades in an excel file
- Wake up an hour early to analyze pre-market trading
Once you’ve done this exercise, you should have a list the skills you need to achieve your goal (i.e. your list of “smaller goals”). Make sure the list is well-defined and unintimidating. For example, if one of your smaller goals is learn more about the VWAP indicator, you could create a few micro tasks:
- Watch 5 video resources on the VWAP indicator
- Study 10 charts to see how stocks react to the VWAP indicator
- Place 5 paper trades using the VWAP indicator
Everything on the list is clear and actionable.
The next step is taking action.
Taking Action On Your Smaller Goals
Start by choosing a goal and shifting all of your attention to this single goal. Avoid any distractions, as tempting as they may be. Decide what micro tasks are needed to achieve this smaller goal and get to work.
If your goal is to "create better watch lists," don't move onto the next goal until you're confident in your ability to create effective watch lists.
We’ll discuss some examples below, but the lists will vary by trader. Your goal is to develop skills you may be missing or sharpen skills that may be lacking.
It's important to be objective when measuring the success of your smaller goals. Obviously, your ultimate goal is to become a profitable trader, but each smaller goal will be measured with different metrics.
For example, if you've decided to focus on creating better watch lists, you will NOT measure your success based on your profitability. Here are some more appropriate considerations:
- Did I have a game plan when the market opened?
- Was my watch list an appropriate size that allowed me to stay focused?
- Did I neglect any stocks that should have been on my list?
- Did I actually use my watch list to narrow my focus (vs. making it for the sake of making it)?
Once you feel you've achieved this smaller goal, you can move onto the next goal.
Examples of Smaller Goals and Micro-Tasks
You'll find some examples of goals and their related micro-tasks below. These are just examples and your list should be personalized to your own needs.
Let’s get to it.
Creating Watch Lists
Work on mastering your watch list creation. Your only goal is to make sure you come to the market focused on the right stocks. We’ll deal with trading them later.
Here are a few things to consider:
- What tools are you using to scan for stocks?
- What is your stock selection process?
- Do you have a game plan for the stock or are you just watching it?
- How many stocks are on an ideal watch list?
- What time do you compile your watch list?
- Do you end up trading the stocks on your watch list or ignoring it?
- Do you refine your watch list before market open?
By the time you move on from this goal, you should be confident in your ability to build a solid watch list.
Work on mastering your market preparation. Make sure you are doing all of the things necessary to come to the market feeling good and prepared.
- How early do you wake up?
- What is your optimal morning routine? (i.e. shower, run, breakfast, etc.)
- Do you analyze market news?
- How do you filter your watch lists?
- Do you focus on pre-market activity?
- How do you feel at market open?
Before moving on, make sure you are confident in your ability to come to the market prepared.
Work on mastering your entries. Your goal is to have a solid process for entering a trade.
- What makes you pull the trigger on an entry?
- What factors do you analyze before entering a trade?
- How do you choose your entry price?
- If a stock gets away from your ideal entry price, what do you do?
- Is your entry planned in advance?
- Do you add liquidity or remove liquidity?
Before moving on, make sure you are confident in your entry strategy. Avoid the outcome bias – this is when you judge the quality of a decision based on the outcome. A good entry can still lead to a losing trade. Be objective.
Work on mastering your exit strategy.
- Do you plan your entries in advance?
- What makes you pull the trigger on an exit?
- Do you have a set price point for your exit?
- Do you rely on the price action to dictate your exit?
- Do you get greedy?
- Do you trade scared?
- How do you react to unexpected price fluctuations?
- Do you turn winning trades into losing trades?
Before moving on, make sure you’re confident in your exit strategy. Similar to entries, a good exit doesn’t always equate to a profitable trade. For example, cutting losses early would be considered a good exit. Getting rewarded for overstaying would still be defined as a bad exit.
Work on mastering your position sizing strategy.
- How do you choose a position size?
- Is your position an arbitrary number (i.e. 1000 shares)?
- Is your position size based on risk (i.e. risking $100)?
- Do you scale in and out of a trade?
- Are you going in too big or too small?
- Are you burning commissions for no reason?
Work on defining your ideal setup. Be as specific as possible so you can easily differentiate between stocks that fit your criteria and stocks that don’t.
- What types of stocks do you trade?
- What chart patterns do you favor?
- What factors do you analyze?
- Are you long or short biased?
- What is your ideal timeframe?
Before moving on, make sure you can clearly differentiate between a setup that fits your trading style and one that does not. This will help you filter out the noise of the markets.
Work on creating a list of trading rules that help you make smarter decisions. These will be relative to your trading style as well as your own personal strengths/weaknesses.
Examples may include:
- Don’t trade the market open/close
- Avoid short selling low float stocks
- Avoid entering stocks being pumped by chat rooms
- Don’t trade ETFs
- Don’t hold short positions overnight
There is no golden set of trading rules. What works well for one trader may be disastrous for another. Focus on areas of strength and weakness and build your list accordingly.
Build your trading toolkit. Do you have all of the tools that enable you to trade at your best.
- Do you have access to real-time market data?
- Is your broker suitable for your needs?
- How is your mobile trading platform?
- Do you have a good scanning tool?
Before moving on, you should make sure you have access to all of the tools that you need to execute your trading strategy efficiently.
Work on developing a post-trade analysis process. A lot of the “learning” and “adaptation” in trading comes from analyzing your own personal trades. If you just move on from a trade when it’s executed, you’re leaving a lot of important information on the table.
- What did you do right in your winning trades?
- What did you do wrong in your losing trades?
- How do your entries/exits affect the outcome of your trades?
- How does your setup criteria affect the outcome of your trades?
- How do you plan on avoiding mistakes you’ve made in the past?
- How do you plan on doubling down on areas where you excel?
Commit the time to building a post-trade analysis system that works. This is where you will get a lot of the insights that make you a better trader.
Where to Go From Here
These are just a few of the different components of trading. There are plenty of others that you can analyze. Turn this approach into a habit. Remember, this isn’t a list you want to tackle all at once. Sharpen one skill at a time before moving onto the next.
Whenever you feel overwhelmed, break your goals into smaller tasks.
What are you going to focus on first? | <urn:uuid:1547d5f7-15b1-4f4e-a2c6-4faa11c01783> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.investorsunderground.com/how-to-take-action-day-trading/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.935942 | 2,711 | 1.65625 | 2 |
It just goes to show that some tools can defy time as MiniCLIP was originally written when Windows 95 ruled the waves. Yet, here we are in the second decade of the 21st century, and this handy little clipboard tool is still going strong, capable of running on the latest 64-bit builds of Windows, albeit only when run as an Administrator.
It’s fair to say that MiniCLIP is functional rather than spectacular: but despite its retro looks, it does pack in some useful features. It’s capable of storing multiple text items from the clipboard, which can be easily retrieved from its taskbar, which can be pinned to the Windows Taskbar or left floating on top of other windows – just click and drag it into position. From here, just click the drop-down menu to select your chosen snippet of text from the list and press [Ctrl]+[V] to paste it back again.
Individual entries can be edited and deleted using the buttons on the taskbar, and if you click the tiny > button on the left you’ll unearth a load more useful features: Calculator, Web Bin (where copied links are automatically mirrored for accessing via your browser quickly and easily), ClipBook (a place for frequently entered text snippets to be permanently stored) and Quick Replace, which enables you to input long passages of text using shortcuts in a fashion similar to the AutoText feature found in Microsoft Word.
The program’s home page is buried away on the Media Chance website, but it’s well worth a visit for an in-depth overview should you decide to give this particular clipboard replacement tool a spin.
A capable - if basic - clipboard replacement tool that's finally starting to show signs of its age (not bad for a program nearly 15 years old)... | <urn:uuid:0932de6d-2986-4973-99c5-71520530aaa6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.computerworlduk.com/download/system-desktop-tools/miniclip-3248741/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719027.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00303-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.889927 | 367 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Redox metabolism is an important metabolic pathway in all apicomplexans. This pathway shows the series of oxidation/reduction activities involved in removal of oxidative radicals such as superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and other toxic nucleophiles produced from different metabolic reactions. These reactive oxygen species cause oxidative damage to DNA, lipids and proteins. There are several antioxidant systems present in cells to protect them from these damages. This includes enzymes such as superoxide dismutase which reduces superoxide anion to H2O2 and catalase which reduces H2O2 to water and oxygen. The enzyme peroxiredoxin also reduces H2O2. The oxidised peroxiredoxin can be reduced back by thiols such as glutathione and thioredoxin. The glutathione system consists of glutathione and the enzymes glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase. Glutathione is a tripeptide of glutamine-cysteine-glycine and synthesised de novo in two reactions steps. This glutathione synthesis is also included in this pathway. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase catalyse reduction of oxidative radicals by oxidising glutathione. Glutathione can be reduced back by glutathione reductase. Although glutathione synthase and glutathione S-transferase are present in Piroplasma species, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase are absent in the gene models. Another redox protein thioredoxin is important in reduction of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides and its partner thioredoxin reductase catalyses reduction of oxidised thioredoxin using NADPH as electron donor. Catalase is also absent in Piroplasma species.
Redox metabolism Proteins
Peroxidases are a class of oxidoreductases produced by microorganisms or plants that can catalyze many reactions. Peroxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of a substrate by hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor. It is mainly present in the peroxisome of the carrier. It uses iron porphyrin as a prosthetic group. It can catalyze hydrogen peroxide, oxidize phenols and amines, and hydrocarbon oxidation products. It has the elimination of hydrogen peroxide and phenols and amines. The dual effects of toxicity of aldehydes, aldehydes and benzenes. Peroxidase is a type of oxidoreductase. It is distributed in milk, white blood cells, platelets and other body fluids or cells. The co-group of this enzyme is also heme. H2O2 is an electron acceptor that catalyzes the oxidation of substrates. It catalyzes H2O2 to directly oxidize phenols or amines, such as cereals. Glutathione peroxidase, eosinophil peroxidase, and thyroid peroxidase, etc., have the dual effect of eliminating the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide and phenolic amines. The reaction is as follows: R + H2O2RO + H2O or RH2 + In the clinical diagnosis of H2O2-R + 2H2O to observe the presence or absence of occult blood in stool, it is to use the activity of peroxidase in red blood cells to oxidize benzidine to a blue compound.
Figure 1. Protein structure of peroxidases.
Thioredoxin is a protein that acts as an antioxidant by promoting the reduction of other proteins through cysteine thiol-disulfide exchange. Thioredoxin is found in almost all known organisms and is vital to mammalian life. Various in vitro substrates of thioredoxin have been identified, including ribonuclease, chorionic gonadotropin, coagulation factors, glucocorticoid receptors, and insulin. Reduced insulin is often used as an activity test. The amino acid sequence level of thioredoxin is characterized by the presence of two ortho-cysteines in the CXXC motif. These two cysteines are key to the ability of thioredoxin to reduce other proteins. Thioredoxin also has a characteristic tertiary structure called thioredoxin folding. In a NADPH-dependent response, flavinase thioredoxin reductase keeps thioredoxin in a reduced state. Thioredoxin acts as an electron donor for peroxidase and ribonucleotide reductase.
Figure 2. Protein structure of thioredoxin.
Like thioredoxin, glutathione has an active central disulfide bond. It exists in reduced or oxidized form, where two cysteine residues are linked by intramolecular disulfide bonds. Glutathione toxin acts as an electron carrier in the glutathione-dependent deoxyribonucleotide synthesis of ribonucleotide reductase. In addition, GRX exerts antioxidant defense by reducing dehydroascorbic acid, redox protein, and methionine sulfoxide reductase. In addition to their role in antioxidant defense, bacterial and plant GRX have also been shown to bind iron-sulfur clusters and deliver clusters to enzymes as needed. Glutaraldehyde is oxidized by the substrate and non-enzymatically reduced by glutathione. In contrast to thioredoxin, which is reduced by thioredoxin reductase, there is no oxidoreductase that specifically reduces glutaraldehyde toxin. In contrast, glutathione is reduced by oxidation by glutathione. The oxidized glutathione is then regenerated by glutathione reductase. These components together make up the glutathione system.
Figure 3. Protein structure of glutathione.
1. Atamna H.; et al. Amyloid-beta peptide binds with heme to form a peroxidase: relationship to the cytopathologies of Alzheimer's disease. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2006, 103 (9): 3381-6. | <urn:uuid:5b0a1d12-2ae4-42ac-af48-ef7e0bb7a09c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.creativebiomart.net/researcharea-redox-metabolism-proteins_1907.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.920209 | 1,338 | 3.125 | 3 |
In 2007, OCLC Programs and Research engaged Intelligent Television to study the partnership agreements between cultural institutions and for-profit companies for the mass digitization of books and other media. This report presents the findings of that study.
Libraries have been digitizing portions of their collections for more than twenty years, but recent opportunities to work with private partners, such as Google, Microsoft, and others, on mass digitization has opened up possibilities that were unimaginable just a few years ago. Private funding, commercially developed technology, and market-oriented sensibilities together may generate larger aggregations of digitized books far sooner than the library community had dreamed possible. There are many efforts underway to assess various aspects of these partnerships; this paper focuses on the terms in mass digitization agreements that affect research-community-centered outcomes.
The libraries and other cultural institutions that private companies first approached saw significant potential in these overtures; they were diligent in seeing that near-term local needs were met. Only when it became clear that a significant number of these partnerships were underway did the library community as a whole begin to think about the overall impact of these business relationships on the future of scholarship.
When we fantasize about that future, we imagine a single way to search all digitized books, journals, and other media; a combined index of all the full texts that will enable research that is otherwise impossible; a variety of tools to facilitate working with these materials; and the ability to create personal subsets of materials for deeper investigation. These goals cannot be realized if each commercial partner puts a fence around the materials that it digitizes and requires its institutional partners to fence in their copies as well.
This report is no substitute for sound legal advice. Attorneys are key players in these negotiations. The institutions they represent will want to inform their counselors of what they hope to get out of their partnerships (and what they hope to avoid), so that the attorneys can negotiate toward those ends. If, before they begin those discussions, institutions define certain desired outcomes, think through the effect of any likely compromises, and agree on the walk-away points, there is a much greater possibility that the results of these endeavors collectively will have a positive impact on scholarship.
While the private partner is investing significantly in these efforts, the contributions of the library partner should not be undervalued. Libraries are contributing not only individual books and other materials to these partnerships, but centuries of dedication to the selection, description, conservation, and curation of their collections. That said, it is also imperative that libraries understand the motivations and requirements of their business partners.
Based on our consultations with staff involved in more than twenty of these partnerships and many other interested parties, we believe that libraries should be prepared to negotiate intensively in pursuit of the following objectives:
If the above terms cannot be secured, then the consequences of compromises should be fully understood. This point, however, should be a requirement:
If the community of cultural heritage institutions acts together toward these ends, commercial digitization partners will find ways to work with them in mutually agreeable ways. If libraries act alone, they (and their users) may have to satisfy themselves with disparate silos of digitized media, each available to a small audience under varying and limited access conditionswith little hope of the unified aggregation we envision that will benefit all.
Cultural heritage institutions are exploiting new technical and financial opportunities to make their collections more accessible to the public. They confront a range of options when they elect to partner with for-profit companies in the process. These options will differ from one company to the next; each company may bring different requirements to each proposal. Each mass digitization deal is unique. Some may involve keeping access to collections relatively closed; some at the other end of the spectrum may feature free and open access as well as the ability to mix and remix collection materials. For a deal to be successful, the language in the contract needs to reflect both the business criteria of the commercial partner and the institutional mission of the library, museum, or archive.1 Each clause in each contract represents in its small way this intersectionthis give-and-takeof business strategy and institutional mission.
In light of these options and the momentum behind more than twenty-five Google partnerships and several other partnerships with a variety of commercial entities, OCLC Programs and Research engaged Intelligent Television to assemble the publicly available agreements from commercial-noncommercial mass digitization partnerships; collect and organize commentary on these public-private deals; analyze in some detail the publicly available agreements and assess the deals where the contracts are not publicly available; coordinate a discussion involving representatives of institutions active in these partnerships (held in New York City on June 11, 2007); and prepare this documentpresenting the findings in a form that might be described as a mix of specific recommendations, general best practices for deal-making, and broad statements of principle.
For the most part, details about the intricacies of copyright law, preservation, and the technical specifications of digitization fall outside the scope of this report. Rather, our effort is an attempt to understand the extraordinary work that has already been done by cultural and educational institutions and private enterprise in crafting these public-private partnerships and to see if there is room for improvement in the key operating principlesto see if the good motivations of the institutions can be matched by good terms in the documents that enshrine them in practice and in law.
When Google executives separately approached the initial five libraries about digitizing their holdings, at first many staff reacted to their offer with disbelief. One librarian reportedly wondered what they were smoking.2 In the weeks and months that followed, as it became clear that Google was serious and that other institutions were being courted, a sense of urgency set in. In retrospect, many decisions may have been made in that hurried and competitive context without sufficient attention to the mission of each institution and to the overall welfare of the research community. One librarian who had been party to such decisions later reflected lyrically, even Homerically, on these events:
We were approached singly, charmed in confidence, the stranger was beguiling, and we embraced. For the love of selfish confidence, we spoke neither our fortune nor our misgivings with our neighbors or our friends. We felt special, invited to loud weddings on far away islands of adventure; in the quiet we may wonder if we were given broken jewelry.
We could have chosen to question the worth of the marriage under the terms offered. We might have chosen to hold off the sequined cloaks of confidence that wrapped our suitor's gifts. The glamour of it! Yet we knew there were other wives already, and we might have joined them in union, consulted openly, wondered what would be best for all instead of merely ourselves; but our concerns were narrow. In our selfishness, and wrapped in the fears we were given, we re-wrote and redefined our aims, misplaced our responsibilities, allowed the light and glory of the ideal to suffuse its glow over the bargain's deficits.3
Now that the fever is abating, libraries can take a step back, imagine the world that they want to live in, and set forth a vision of that better worlddefining it in terms that provide a place for the commercial sector without ceding to that sector the determining role.
This report sets forth objectives of the businesses with which libraries are partnering, describes a number of the aspirations and basic hopes of the cultural and educational communities, lists some practices that institutions might consider as they enter into future partnership agreements, and tries to conjure up a sense of how cultural institutions might act as a community rather than in isolation.
In collecting, distilling, and publishing this information, we have endeavored to present our effort as part of an evolving set of conclusions. This report reflects our thinking as of October 2007, and will join other contributions from the community as these deals (and commentaries on them) continue to proliferate. Already, related efforts are producing results, ranging from the Council on Library and Information Resources investigation of the preservation aspects of these partnerships, to the Digital Library Federation's exploration of the issues as they relate to moving image collections, to work highlighting the value of open content.
The recommendations here have varying levels of utility, depending on where the reader is in the negotiation process. Some, we hope, may be useful for those just considering how to enter into mass digitization. Some, we hope, may be useful for those already in the thick of negotiations. And some, we hope, may encourage those with experience in this process to share what they have learned with the community. We hope that representatives of cultural institutions that are involved in public-private mass digitization will review the current trajectories of those efforts, establish new guidelines and principles, and explore the role they might play as the community strives toward optimal outcomes.
Business Partner Perspectives
The authors of this paper have been writing about and attempting to improve business partnerships from the perspective of nonprofit noncommercial cultural and educational institutionsColumbia University, UC Berkeley, the Library of Congress, the Internet Archivefor several years. That said, we have also been active in the commercial world, working for public and private companies in media and technology as well as startups funded by venture capital and angel investors. Before assessing the rewards and risks associated with partnerships for mass digitization, we believe it may be useful to consider the perspectives of commercial enterprises as they appraise the potential for working with cultural and educational institutions. Appreciating the priorities of business partners helps to compare and contrast their motivations, values, interests, and preferred outcomes with those of the noncommercial institutions seeking to build the digital future through these joint ventures. We therefore recommend that those in the noncommercial sector:
These last two points underpin our approach to improving the equity of these partnership deals by encouraging both sides to better evaluate what they and their prospective partner bring to the table right at the start.
Partnership Rewards and Risks
The digitization agreements concluded over the last three years represent some of the most exciting new possibilities for libraries, museums, and archives in decades. Their potential to make collections far more accessible; to reach their patrons, patrons at sister institutions, and other users around the world; and to support traditional and innovative applications from research to teaching to publication is core to the present and future mission of the library community.
Partnership agreements can be evaluated in many ways and by many criteria, but perhaps the most utilitarian approach appraises the agreements by the light of what they could achieveor what, if they had been structured and written differently, they could have achievedfor the educational community on the one hand and the business community on the other. In assessing how the negotiating partners balance the rewards that each side will earn (more digitized content; more ad revenue) and the risks each side takes (a de facto exclusive business arrangement; a significant cash investment in a library), one might explore how that balance can continue to be improved as deal-making in this field continues.
With this approach in mind, we believe it might be possible to inspect these agreements much like a mechanic might inspect a car every yearnot checking every screw and plug and piston, but focusing on six aspects of agreement negotiation and execution. These areas are:
1. Transparency, Confidentiality, and Non-Disclosure Agreements
Many members of the library community who have visited the GooglePlex in Mountain View are struck that even at the registration desk the initial, basic act of visitation is governed by a non-disclosure agreement. Being too open with business processes can be fatal for a company in the information business; corporate responsibility requires protecting confidential information. By contrast, cultural institutions draw their financial and moral support from a public that expects transparency in their activities, ranging from their materials acquisitions to their business deals. These institutions have established traditions of consultation and information exchange with colleagues in the field, as well as with their user communities.
Most mass digitization partnership negotiations have started with a request from the prospective commercial partner for a confidentiality agreementoften commercial partners have asked cultural institutions to treat even the act of considering a partnership as a secret. Today, several significant contracts, including Google agreements with some university libraries and the Smithsonian Institution's agreement with Showtime, remain secret, governed by a nondisclosure agreement (NDA) even as other, often quite similar, agreements are made available to the public, either willingly by the partners or by laws requiring the public disclosure of activities of state institutions.
While it may not be an option for libraries to refrain entirely from signing NDAs, those institutions that sign NDAs prohibiting cooperation with their peers will likely find themselves at a disadvantage. The sometimes virulent backlash against non-profit cultural institutions entering into secret business deals suggests that the rewards may be greater to both parties if deals are open to public or community involvement before the negotiations are concluded.
The decision regarding signing an NDA is not binary; NDAs come in different forms and have different effects. NDAs that limit discussion between librarians, curators, and archivists over the merits of proposed partnerships are fundamentally different from NDAs that limit disclosure of technical processes unique to a commercial partner. There is a difference worth appreciating between an NDA involving an exchange of cash for products or services and an NDA that involves commercial use of library holdings maintained on behalf of the public.
Though libraries and other public institutions frequently sign NDAs with provisions that protect a company's information about their practices and finances; provisions sealing information about partnerships in which public goods are the exchange medium are different. The terms in an NDA should be negotiated.
Many of those we interviewed observed that cooperation among libraries could provide negotiating power, but lamented that competition between libraries makes anything like collective bargaining very difficult. Though institutional competition may have induced and may still induce some libraries to sign away their rights to discuss their activities with their peers, these gradations in confidentiality are worth noting.
Recommendation: Open the Discussion, Consult with Peers
Cultural institutions should consider their own responsibilities for ensuring transparency in their operations and should negotiate more aggressively with their commercial partners over what provisions in non-disclosure agreements are truly necessary. Commercial enterprises should understand that in the library world, NDAs can jeopardize the success of the joint venture by arousing suspicion about otherwise good agreements. We recommend examining whether the confidentiality believed essential for various aspects and in various stages of the deal-making process is really necessaryand whether it is acceptable, given the cost of losing access to the advice of peers and losing the ability to speak openly about their experiences.
The National Archives recently opened their general plan for digitization6 as well as for a prospective business deal7 to public comment, thereby involving their communities in the process, potentially improving the results, avoiding a public relations catastrophe, and earning admiration for their opennessa useful precedent for others.
Limiting the secrecy imposed by nondisclosure agreements and other confidentiality provisions to business practices and technical processes will allow future negotiations the benefit of commentary by others in the library community and the public. Ideally, as these deals proliferate and both sides see the value of the growing digital corpus, confidentiality provisions will not extend to information about the forms (text and/or images) or the quality of the deliverables, nor to general information about the content (the quantity, rights status, subject areas, or media types) that is being contributed by the institution.
2. Ownership: Creating, Receiving, and Retaining Data
If, in certain ways, the Google and other agreements we discuss here are successors of older microfilming projects by ProQuest and others, then some comparison can be made between the business deals in these microfilming projects from the 1970s and 1980s and the business practices of their digital descendants. Microfilming companies were willing to agree in their negotiations not only to handle the original materials (often brittle material like 18th-century newspapers) with utmost care, but to provide the contributing institution with complete master and access copies of the film or fiche, as well as assessments regarding rights and the licensing opportunities for this material.
Complete copies of the digital files created in today's digital projects could also be provided to institutions, but a review of the agreements indicates that this is not often the casefrequently what is returned to the institution is just a portion of the outputs.
The National Archives 2007 digitization principles address this topic: "Partners shall provide NARA without charge a full set of the digital copies produced by the partnership. These copies shall adhere to NARA's technical specifications. Ultimately, NARA will have unrestricted ownership of these copies, including the right to make these copies freely available online."8
Just as the commercial partner will ask the institutional partner to respect its rights to the property (intellectual and physical) in which it has invested, the commercial partner also needs to be reminded of the long value chain behind public domain works, as a way of explaining how and why these need to remain in the public domain and not be subject to what some legal scholars call re-enclosure. Often the private partner will agree to public access (for free or for fee) to the public domain materials, but provide only very limited access to other materials. Re-enclosure happens when access to works otherwise in the public domain is limited by locking it up in new ways. Under U.S. copyright law, digitization in itself does not create a new work that could be copyrighted, but some of the digitization contracts now in place have a similar effect. In one extreme example, 19th-century government documents were being re-enclosed by one of the business partners.
The National Archives' digitization principles are instructive on this point, too: "Public access to publicly owned resources will remain free. Partners may develop and charge for value-added features, but access to the digital copies ultimately should be readily accessible and free."8
While the commercial partner, in order to recoup its investment, understandably does not want to allow its competitors unfettered access to the digitized content, it is also limiting access by the very users on whose behalf the library has amassed those materialsand who the library hoped to benefit by entering into the partnership. These differences can be addressed by allowing the commercial partner limited exclusivity for a period of time, after which the library will assume unlimited ownership.
Finally, it's worth noting that there is the potential "Swiss cheese" effect that may occur when only selected portions of a library's collections are scanned. Several interviewees noted that as scanning projects begin to emphasize non-duplication (i.e., to avoid scanning books previously scanned elsewhere), the sets of scans passed back to each library will be incomplete representations of library holdings, while the collections held by the commercial partners will include a union of all the diverse sets of scans.
Recommendation: Collect and Retain All Digitized Data
We recommend that agreements spell out in greater detail than they have done to date which deliverables will be provided, at what point in time, and in what condition. Libraries should be able to opt to receive any of the following: master images, access images, OCR texts, the coordinates that map the text to the images, records with links, metadata describing all of the files that are associated to a record and their sequence, technical metadata, and identification of items that were rejected (for the library's later attention). Further, the institution should have a role in specifying quality requirements and in reviewing the output to ensure that those requirements have been met. Libraries should also receive usage data (see section 5 below).
The contributing institution should ensure that they ultimately will own the digital copies without limits on access other than the copyright inherent in the originals.
3. Use and Reuse: New Services and Applications
The value of digitization partnerships can transcend expanded access to individual books by offering new functionality, combinations, and collaborative possibilities. Several uses of a large aggregation of texts seem particularly promising:
In addition to these uses, libraries, museums, and archives stand to benefit from combining the output of digitization efforts. Why digitize a book, for example, when it has already been digitized elsewhere? By pooling the content, institutions can reduce costs and avoid duplication of effort. Access to pools of digitized books could effectively give every library user access to an enormous collection.
Many libraries do not have the funds to build the technical infrastructure needed to support large digital collections. As a result, the libraries rely on their business partners, not just for digitization, but for access services as well. These access services need to address a range of technical challenges (e.g., stable URLs, analysis of usage patterns, access controls on copyrighted works). Unfortunately, a complex array of institutional, technical, and legal barriers resulting from current agreements will make it difficult for libraries to contribute to the process of envisioning new applications, enhancing institutional cooperation, and creating an improved mix of services.
The balkanization of internal curatorial processes within many institutionsowing to a mix, perhaps, of corporate culture, resource constraints, separate specialties, and various personalitiesoften results in certain parts of an institution not knowing what another part of the institution is doing. A greater sense of the potential uses and reuses of material needs to be developedalong with an appreciation of what contract language will do, if librarians are not careful, to limit such uses and reuses.
Technical barriers to achieving the full potential of text digitization are becoming more apparent. Scholars will increasingly wish to link to particular passages within digital books. This ability presupposes that URLs will remain stable and requires a deep link to a specific location within a book. Stable URLs in other types of media, such as sound recordings and moving images, are equally important and should be a consideration in any negotiation. More open content will encourage nonproprietary approaches to these and similar challenges.
Despite the noble objectives stated by libraries and their commercial partners, language in contracts that restricts what users may do with content may work against the interest of the community over the long term.
Recommendation: Preserve Traditional Freedoms to Support Research and Scholarship
Library negotiators should work to ensure that the freedoms associated with works in the analog worldincluding the freedoms to quote, recombine, and reprintwill not be sacrificed in the digital world by contractual restrictions. More generally, library negotiators should anticipate further new opportunities in the digital library and consult with prospective users and application developers who can advise them on the likely effects of contract terms.
Of course, the institutional partners should strive to safeguard their rights to explore and benefit from emerging applications that make use of the digitized materials. But these rights also benefit the business partner, as each of the areas in the list above may become a fruitful area for another form of public-private collaboration down the line. And libraries happy with the outcomes will likely refer more business to their partner.
4. Sharing Content with Others
The range of entities that have an interest in the assets and skill-sets developed in these partnerships is very broad. These include sister institutions in the fields of education and culture; commercial partners and potential partners; competitors for markets, resources, and attention; and the public.
Unfortunately, many of the agreements signed to date contain contract terms that prohibit pooling of digital files outside the originating institution, effectively leaving many of the opportunities solely in the hands of the commercial partner.
Interviewees in our project noted that current agreements stipulate significant restrictions on making all or part of the content available in aggregationsfurthering in many ways the restrictions on use and reuse cited above. Many agreements include restrictions on wholesale downloading, commercial downloading, automated access, third-party redistribution, and open access to the work product of these partnerships.
On the most basic level, those engaged in noncommercial and noncompetitive activity should have the ability to work with the resulting content from a variety of these partnerships. When the commercial partner defines permitted users and permitted uses and precludes combining the content with other content the value of the effort is greatly reduced.
Recommendation: Strive for the Freedom to Aggregate Content
We recommend that all parties consider, much as they consider use and reuse, the range of potential stakeholders in the assets these deals create, and provide leeway in the agreements for future opportunities to cooperate with such stakeholders. These can include scenarios where noncommercial institutions collaborate with one another, where commercial companies work together, and even where hybrid groups cooperate to develop new products and services. The Open Content Alliance has been particularly concerned about safeguarding aggregation and content pooling, as noted in their statement of principles.9 A compromise is to allow the business partner to restrict distribution for a defined period, but after that period, the institution is free to share it with others.
5. Circulation Records, Usage Data, and Privacy
The protection of patron, usage, and circulation data is fundamental to library culture. In 1939, the American Library Association's Code of Ethics10 stated that "It is the librarian's obligation to treat as confidential any private information obtained through contact with library patrons."
Recent federal government investigations into library usage have highlighted the tensions between law enforcement and libraries over library usage and circulation records. Today, Article III of the ALA Code of Ethics11 notes: "We protect each library user's right to privacy and confidentiality with respect to information sought or received and resources consulted, borrowed, acquired or transmitted," and the ALA's Policy on Confidentiality of Library Records12 states: "The Council of the American Library Association strongly recommends that the responsible officers of each library, cooperative system, and consortium in the United States[...f]ormally adopt a policy that specifically recognizes its circulation records and other records identifying the names of library users to be confidential...."
All this stands in stark contrast to the practices of typical web services, which make broad use of patron, usage, and "circulation" data as a matter of course.
This usage data may be incredibly valuable to both libraries and their partners. Usage records and log files can be used to improve search services, collection management, and security. Improvements in search and personalization will benefit from access to usage data of various kinds. And yet this data also has potential for misuse and could put a chill on free inquiry by users who know that what they read may be monitored.
Though numerous federal and state laws govern the collection, use, and protection of patron information and other personally identifiable information, to date few if any of the agreements have explicitly addressed the collection, ownership, sharing, protection, and use of log file data.13
Recommendation: Include Usage Data in Negotiations
Data gathered by commercial partners about the usage of digital content should be provided to partner libraries. Partner libraries should ensure that personally identifiable information (and information that could be used to deduce personally identifiable information, such as IP addresses) should be secured against compromise and removed from log files when possible. Usage logs scrubbed of personally identifiable information will still be useful in supporting the development of new search tools.
6. Exclusivity, Duration, and Survivability
While these contracts are represented as non-exclusive, typically that non-exclusivity refers to the original materials. We hope that a library would not allow a private partner to dictate what the library can do with its original collections.
The business partner defends non-exclusivity by saying that the library is free to enter into another digitization partnership (or to redigitize the content itself). The fact of the matter is that, when taking into consideration the time and expense on the part of the library to participate in the first digitization partnership, it is very unlikely that the library will be able to repeat that investment when a second potential partner comes along.
Concerns about exclusivity should, in fact, be focused on the digital deliverables. This is the point of the library's involvement in the undertaking. It is perhaps reasonable (though not inherently necessary) to allow the private partner a period of exclusivity regarding the digital files, in order that they can achieve their business objectives and recover some of their investment. But allowing them to restrict the use of those files indefinitely precludes the library from achieving its objective for entering into the partnership.
Just as deals that appear to be nonexclusive may in practice be exclusive, deals with fixed terms may, in fact, be far more lasting than they appear. Term lengths of the deals we reviewed range from five to thirty years. Yet while the term lengths are limited, in some of the Google contracts, at least, many provisions survive termination, notably those involving ownership and use restrictions. That is, the institution's use rights to its digitized material may remain limited long after the commitments of its commercial partner expire. Are agreements with no fixed term on the limitations of use of the digital content really acceptable?
Most of these agreements auto-renew unless one of the parties opts out. Given that the Google commitments end at the end of the agreement and that the restrictions on use live into eternity, Google has little motivation to renew the agreement at the end of the contract term. Another aspect to watch is the flexibility of the agreementwhat happens when a partner defaults? Do the survivability clauses terminate, for example, if Google ceases to offer access to the digitized content? Are there any situations in which a library could opt out of the agreement?
Those who defend having entered into agreements that are effectively exclusive and perpetual will often argue that the cost of scanning will decline and books will be rescanned again for quality, new uses, and other reasons. But as Paul Duguid has noted about the microfilm experience: "We got stuck for a remarkably long time with a retrograde technology poorly implemented because the start up (and opportunity) costs and barriers to entry, once the original microfilms and microforms were in place, made doing it all again prohibitive."14
Recommendation: Avoid Contract Exclusivity and Perpetuity
We recommend more careful study of the termination clauses in these agreements. Exclusivity on the right to manage and distribute the digital content should be limited to the term of the contract.
Safeguarding Rights for Future Use of Digital Content
Predicting the future of digital technology is a risky exercise. Transformations of mediafrom paper to microfilm, from radio to television, from print to the Internethave always resulted in surprises. Just as it was assumed that television would be the end of radio, our guesses at the ultimate uses of digital materials are likely to look somewhat naive a century hence. That said, it is possible to imagine users of the digitized collections from libraries, archives, and museums seeking to safeguard the ability to:
Assessing the risks and rewards of these partnerships and the interests of our communities will allow us to develop materials that are accessible, sustainable, and interoperable, and that facilitate collaboration and experimentation for the public good. If limitations on this desired outcome are accepted, it should be with awareness of the compromises being made and their impact on potential uses. Practices that make future research and teaching applications difficult, or restrict communication within and between institutions, or perpetually limit an institution's control over the digitized files developed from its collections will be deemed unacceptable by future generations, if not by ours.
Over the six-month term of our project, interviewees discussed how to evaluate digitization agreements against basic standardsof openness, of academic utility, of flexibility and controlin new taxonomies that others might find useful.
Several interviewees suggested rating the agreements by what they permit the community and the contributing institution to do, similar to the uses permitted by Creative Commons agreements.
One suggested a continuum of openness, beginning with the most open agreements, such as those of the Open Content Alliance (it's interesting to note that the OCA, led by the Internet Archive, now has grown to include nearly 100 libraries, as well as commercial organizations such as Yahoo!, Xerox Corp., and Adobe Systems Inc.). In the middle are agreements like the one between NARA and iArchives, where the few restrictions are lifted at the end of a five-year term. Finally, at the other extreme are partnership deals that impose perpetually restricted access on the institution's digitized materials, and those that limit what can be done with the originals, as well as the digital copies, like the Smithsonian/Showtime arrangement.
Another interviewee suggested that the community critically assess the impact each new agreement has on the overall academic and scholarly environmentin a sort of environmental impact statement for access and scholarship.
Whatever metrics might be used for appraising these rewards and risks, both the institutions and the companies will have to make sense and create value out of digitized content in a universe of hundreds of billions of pages of content where many of those pages are similar if not virtually identical.
As the stakeholders at the New York meeting explored their new role as producers and partners in the production of digitized content, they discussed the following, possibly contradictory, approaches to future negotiations.
First, they agreed that seeking digitization funding from commercial companies should not be addressed in isolation from the traditional fundraising strategies that libraries and others have pursued for decades.
Second, they agreed that these opportunities presented by Google, Microsoft, iArchives, the Open Content Alliance, and others really do represent unique departures and merit creative approaches to new business relationships. Should contributing institutions receive revenue shares, or even equity, as compensation? Are there other new business or legal arrangements that should be explored?
Several participants agreed that understanding the objectivesshort- and long-termof their commercial partners is important for succeeding in these relationships. They also reminded us that different types of institutional partners will have different mandates government agencies like the National Archives, state-funded institutions like the University of Virginia, hybrid institutions like the Smithsonian, and private universities such as Princeton operate under different rules and aim toward different goals.
Participants desired a legal analysis of the publicly available contracts. Others encouraged the group to bring on business advisors to investigate new models of financing, perhaps even involving partnerships between commercial investors and philanthropic foundations.
Participants discussed reviewing the actual financial costs of these projects, and exploring whether the commercial partners are contributing equitably. Do they recognize that, while in some cases, they are investing millions of dollars, the content that the libraries bring to the table was preserved and cared for over time in processes that cost the institutions a far greater amount?
The point is to attempt to anticipate the futurethe user of the future, the technologies and laws of the future, and the commercial partners of the future. After all, ten years ago, who would have anticipated Google?
1. See: Richard K. Johnson, "In Google's Broad Wake: Taking Responsibility for Shaping the Global Digital Library," ARL 250 (February 2007), at: <http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/arlbr250digprinciples.pdf>.
2. Quoted in Peter B. Kaufman, "Marketing Culture in the Digital Age: A Report on New Business Collaborations between Libraries, Museums, Archives, and Commercial Companies," a 2005 report prepared for Ithaka and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, at: <http://www.intelligenttelevision.com/MarketingCultureinDigitalAge.pdf>.
3. See: Peter Brantley, now Executive Director of the Digital Library Federation, at: <http://blogs.lib.berkeley.edu/shimenawa.php/2007/03/04/google_and_the_books>.
4. For background, see: Peter B. Kaufman, "Marketing Culture in the Digital Age," at <http://www.intelligenttelevision.com/MarketingCultureinDigitalAge.pdf>.
8. See <http://www.archives.gov/comment/nara-digitizing-plan.pdf>, Appendix A.
13. A more complete discussion of this topic is in development by Jack Lerner and colleagues at the Samuelson Law, Technology, & Public Policy Clinic at UC Berkeley.
14. See: Paul Duguid, "Inheritance and Loss? A Brief Survey of Google Books," First Monday 12, issue 8 (August 2007), at <http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue12_8/duguid/>; and <http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2007/08/the_google_exch.html>.
Public/Private Mass Digitization Partnership Resources
This is a selection of materials about mass digitization, public/private partnerships and the agreements that govern them. It is maintained at
University of California. Cooperative Agreement. August 3, 2006. <http://www.cdlib.org/news/ucgoogle_cooperative_agreement.pdf>.
University of Illinois on behalf of the Committee on Institutional Cooperation. Cooperative Agreement. [June 6, 2007]. <http://www.cic.uiuc.edu/programs/CenterForLibraryInitiatives/Archive/
University of Michigan. Cooperative Agreement. [December 14, 2004]. <http://www.lib.umich.edu/mdp/um-google-cooperative-agreement.pdf>.
University of Texas. Cooperative Agreement. January 8, 2007. <http://www.lib.utexas.edu/google/utexas_google_agreement.pdf>.
University of Virginia. Cooperative Agreement. [November 14, 2006]. <http://www.lib.virginia.edu/press/uvagoogle/pdf/Google_UVA.pdf>.
University of Wisconsin. Cooperative Agreement [October 12, 2006]. <http://www.library.wisc.edu/digitization/googlecontract.pdf>.
Google Library Partnerships Commentary
Bearman, David. "Jean-Noel Jeanneney's Critique of Google: Private Sector Book Digitization and Digital Library Policy." D-Lib Magazine. December 2006. <http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december06/bearman/12bearman.html>.
Brantley, Peter. "The Google Exchange." Radar O'Reilly. August 23, 2007. <http://radar.oreilly.com/archives/2007/08/the_google_exch.html>.
Brantley, Peter. "Monetizing libraries." Peter Brantley's thoughts and speculations. June 13, 2007. <http://blogs.lib.berkeley.edu/shimenawa.php/2007/06/13/monetizing_libraries>.
Courant, Paul N. "Scholarship and Academic Libraries (and their kin) in the World of Google." First Monday, August 2006. <http://www.firstmonday.org/issues/issue11_8/courant/index.html>.
Coyle, Karen. "The dotted line." Coyle's InFormation. August 29, 2006. <http://kcoyle.blogspot.com/2006/08/dotted-line.html>.
Johnson, Richard K. "Special Issue: In Google's Broad Wake: Taking Responsibility for Shaping the Global Digital Library." ARL: A Bimonthly Report, no. 250. February 2007. <http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/arlbr250digprinciples.pdf>.
Roush, Wade. "The Infinite Library: Does Google's plan to digitize millions of print books spell the death of libraries; or their rebirth?" MIT Technology Review. May 2005. <http://www.technologyreview.com/Infotech/14408/>.
Toobin, Jeffrey. "Google's Moon Shot: The Quest for the Universal Library." The New Yorker. February 5, 2007. <http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2007/02/05/070205fa_fact_toobin>.
Townsend, Robert B. "Google Books: Is It Good for History?" American Historical Association. Perspectives Online. September 2007. <http://www.historians.org/Perspectives/issues/2007/0709/0709vie1.cfm>.
Ubois, Jeff. "Google 'Showtimes' the UC Library System." Television Archiving. August 13, 2006. <http://www.archival.tv/2006/08/13/google-showtimes-the-uc-library-system/>.
Udell, Jon. "A conversation with John Wilkin about the Michigan/Google digitization project" Infoworld. December 1, 2006. <http://weblog.infoworld.com/udell/2006/12/01.html#a1570>.
NARA Partnerships and Related Commentary
Cohen, Dan. "A Closer Look at the National Archives-Footnote Agreement." February 5th, 2007. <http://www.dancohen.org/2007/02/05/a-closer-look-at-the-national-archives-footnote-agreement/>.
Mohan, Jen. "NARA-Footnote Summary." Good Terms: Resources. <http://rlg.archival.tv/index.php?title=NARA-Footnote_Summary_by_Jen_Mohan
Mohan, Jen. "NARA-Google Summary." Good Terms: Resources. <http://rlg.archival.tv/index.php?title=NARA-Google_Summary_by_Jen_Mohan
National Archives and Records Administration. "NARA-iArchives Digitization Agreement." January 10, 2007. <http://www.archives.gov/iarchives/iarchives-digitization-agreement.html>.
Schoenfeld, Amy. "Digitizing the Nation's Treasures." The New York Times. March 10, 2007. <http://www.nytimes.com/imagepages/2007/03/10/business/11archive.chart.ready.html>.
Smithsonian Partnerships and Related Commentary
Craig, Bruce. "Historians Raise Concerns about Smithsonian's Deal with Showtime." American Historical Association. Perspectives Online. May 2006. <http://www.historians.org/Perspectives/issues/2006/0605/0605nch1.cfm>.
International Herald Tribune. "Smithsonian announces licensing deal with Corbis for images from Smithsonian collections." January 24, 2007. <http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/01/25/america/NA-GEN-US-Smithsonian-Corbis.php>.
Jardin, Xeni. "Smithsonian's Showtime deal: critical attorneys shred it." boingboing. April 7, 2006. <http://www.boingboing.net/2006/04/07/smithsonians-showtim.html>.
Manly, Lorne. "Filmmakers and Others Petition Against Smithsonian's Showtime Deal." The New York Times. April 18, 2006. <http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/18/arts/television/18smit.html?ex=1303012800&en=
Mohan, Jen. "Smithsonian - Showtime summary." <http://rlg.archival.tv/index.php?title=Smithsonian_-
Trescott, Jacqueline. "End Smithsonian-Showtime Deal, Filmmakers and Historians Ask." The Washington Post. April 18, 2006. <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/17/AR2006041701820.html>.
Trescott, Jacqueline. "Smithsonian Deal With Showtime Passes Muster." The Washington Post. December 16, 2006 <http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/15/AR2006121501894_pf.html>.
Other types of Digitization Arrangements
Internet Archive. "The Internet Archive Receives Grant from Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to Digitize and Provide Open Online Access to Historical Collections from Five Major Libraries." Press Release December 20, 2006. <http://www.opencontentalliance.org/20061220.OCArelease.pdf>.
Jaschik, Scott. "An Alternative to Google." Inside Higher Ed. June 22, 2007. <http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2007/06/22/digitize>.
Kahle, Brewster, Michael S. Hart, and Michael Keller. "Digital Libraries." Science Friday. May 11, 2007. <http://www.sciencefriday.com/pages/2007/May/hour1_051107.html>.
Open Content Alliance. A Call To Participate in the Open Content Alliance. [October 02, 2005]. <http://www.opencontentalliance.org/participate.html>.
Roush, Wade. "Coalition of Boston Libraries Chooses the Un-Google Route to Digitization." Xconomy|Kendall Square. September 28, 2007. <http://www.xconomy.com/2007/09/28/coalition-of-
American Library Association (2007). "Task Force on Digitization Policy." July 12, 2007. <http://www.ala.org/ala/washoff/oitp/digtask.cfm>.
Center for Research Libraries. "Principles and Guidelines for Entering into an Agreement with Commercial Vendors in the Digitization of CRL Holdings." November 30, 2005. <http://www.crl.edu/PDF/CSAPprinciples.pdf>.
Council of State Archivists Task Force on Online Content Providers. "Statement on Digital Access Partnerships." April 19, 2007. <http://www.statearchivists.org/issues/ocp/index.htm>.
National Archives and Records Administration. Plan for Digitizing Archival Materials for Public Access, 2007-2016. [Draft for Public Comment.] from <http://www.archives.gov/comment/digitizing-plan.html>.
U.S. National Commission on Libraries and Information Science. "Mass Digitization: Implications for Information Policy: Report from 'Scholarship and Libraries in Transition: A Dialogue about the Impacts of Mass Digitization Projects' Symposium held on March 10-11, 2006, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI." <http://www.nclis.gov/digitization/MassDigitizationSymposium-Report.pdf>.
Council on Library and Information Resources. "Scholars' Evaluation and Analysis of Major Digitization Projects." [July 10, 2007]. <http://www.clir.org/activities/details/scholeval.html>.
Coyle, Karen. "Mass Digitization of Books." The Journal of Academic Librarianship. November 2006. Preprint: <http://www.kcoyle.net/jal-32-6.html>.
Erway, Ricky and Jennifer Schaffner. "Shifting Gears: Gearing Up to Get Into the Flow" Report produced by OCLC Programs and Research (October 2007). Available online at <http://www.oclc.org/programs/publications/reports/2007-02.pdf>.
Kaufman, Peter B. "Marketing Culture in the Digital Age: A Report on New Business Collaborations Between Libraries, Museums, Archives and Commercial Companies." August 25, 2005. <http://www.intelligenttelevision.com/MarketingCultureinDigitalAge.pdf>.
Kelly, Kevin. "Scan This Book!" The New York Times. May 14, 2006. <http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/14/magazine/14publishing.html>.
Lavoie, Brian; Lynn Silipigni Connaway, Lorcan Dempsey. "Anatomy of Aggregate Collections: The Example of Google Print for Libraries." D-Lib Magazine. September 2005. <http://www.dlib.org/dlib/september05/lavoie/09lavoie.html>.
Rieger, Oya Y. "Preservation in the Age of Large-Scale Digitization." Council on Library and Information Resources September 2007. <http://www.clir.org/activities/details/mdpres.html>.
White, Lee. "Public-Private Partnerships: Are They the Wave of the Future?" American Historical Association. Perspectives Online. March 2007 <http://www.historians.org/perspectives/issues/2007/0703/0703nch1.cfm>.
The authors wish to thank OCLC's Ricky Erway for her expert advice and commentary; Jen Mohan, who volunteered at Intelligent Television, for her expert analysis of contracts and support of our June 11, 2007, meeting; and numerous reviewers of this paper from the library and legal community.
Copyright © 2007 OCLC Online Computer Library Center | <urn:uuid:64489ac5-9a61-499d-ba4d-a7fc6cbe1ebe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dlib.org/dlib/november07/kaufman/11kaufman.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282926.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00402-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928591 | 10,130 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Microsoft updates regularly contain fixes for security vulnerabilities which are not listed in its security bulletins. Microsoft defends these ‘silent updates’, as they are known within the security community, in a blog posting by its Security Research & Defense team.
When a security bug is fixed, the security team not only checks adjacent code for further vulnerabilities, it also looks for similar bugs elsewhere. It also occasionally lets fuzzers loose on the program in question. Microsoft designates such finds as ‘variants’, and they are defused with a minimum of fuss. They do, however, affect the classification given in bulletins. It can easily be the case that Microsoft increases the exploitability index of a bulletin due to a non-publicly disclosed variant. | <urn:uuid:fe4f0ba1-e0d9-4d51-86cb-c0b65a6d78d7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://badwindows.com/2011/02/16/microsoft-still-using-undercover-patches/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718309.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00405-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944447 | 154 | 1.671875 | 2 |
F. R. Rosendaal, Departments of Clinical Epide-miology and Hematology, C9-P, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, NL-2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands. Tel.:+31 71 5264037; fax:+31 71 5266994; e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.org
Summary. While the overall incidence of venous thrombosis is 1–2 per 1000 per year, it is close to 1% per year in the very old. The case–fatality rate of thrombosis is high in the elderly, particularly among those with cancer. The risk of major hemorrhage during anticoagulant treatment is also strongly age-dependent, contributing to the vulnerability of the old patient with thrombosis. From this perspective it is surprising that far fewer studies into the etiology and treatment of venous thrombosis have focused on the elderly than on young and middle-aged patients. In this review we discuss that, while environmental risk factors, such as immobilization and cancer, are important causes of thrombosis in the elderly, abnormalities of the coagulation system are equally, or even more, important than in young individuals. In addition to a review of the literature, new data are presented from the MEGA-study. Thrombosis in the elderly should be a focus of future studies.
As much as children are not small adults, the elderly are not just old adults. Etiology, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy may all be different in the elderly compared with young or middle-aged adults. For several diseases, risk factors have been shown to have reverse effects in old age, e.g. high serum cholesterol and hypertension no longer predict mortality among the very old, and may even have an opposite effect, which has been named reverse epidemiology [1–4]. Not only may risk factors act differently at various ages, but the results of their effects may also differ because of the exponential rise in incidence of venous thrombosis with age. Finally, risk factors may have a different prevalence in the old than in the young (e.g. immobilization, cancer and drug use). It is remarkable that while it can easily be shown that the majority of cases of thrombosis occur in the old, and a substantial number among the very old, studies into etiology and management are almost completely restricted to younger age groups.
In this review we deal with the determinants of thrombosis in general as well as in the elderly. We discuss the effect of the age-specific incidence of venous thrombosis, and finally present new data on the effect of two major risk factor groups, thrombophilia and malignancies, in elderly individuals, by analysis of a substudy of the Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment (MEGA) of risk factors for venous thrombosis.
Thrombosis is the formation of obstructive clots in arteries or veins, because of an inbalance of procoagulant, anticoagulant and fibrinolytic factors. In venous thrombosis a clot is formed in reaction to risk factors that are often acute and transient. Then the clot grows and may cause symptoms suddenly or, more often, after a period of several days to weeks.
Probably because of its association with sudden and transient risk factors, rather than insidious factors promoting slowly accumulating atherosclerosis, knowledge of the etiology of venous thrombosis preceded by far that of arterial disease: pregnancy and puerperium were recognized as determinants of venous thrombosis centuries ago, cancer in the mid-19th century, and the hereditary nature of venous thrombosis in the early 1900s [5–8]. The causes of thrombosis were first categorized by Virchow, who in the mid-1800s postulated three general causes: changes in the vessel wall, changes in the blood flow, and changes in the blood composition . Whereas for arterial disease, vessel wall changes (atherosclerosis) are by far the most important, in venous thrombosis stasis and hypercoagulability lead to clot formation and disease.
Venous thrombosis is a common disorder with a frequency of one to three individuals per 1000 per year [10–14]. It commonly appears as superficial or deep vein thrombosis of the leg and pulmonary embolism, and rarely in other locations (upper extremities, liver, cerebral sinus, retina, mesenteric). Venous thrombosis occurs about equally often in men and women, with higher rates among young women than men because of risk factors associated with reproduction (pregnancy, puerperium, oral contraceptives) [13–15]. The post-thrombotic syndrome occurring in 20% of patients with deep vein thrombosis may lead to a chronic handicap . One to ten per cent of venous thromboses proves fatal, with the highest risk of death in those with underlying malignancies [11,13].
Risk of thrombosis in the elderly
The incidence of venous thrombosis is strongly age-dependent: it is extremely uncommon (1 in 100 000 per year) in childhood, and rises to nearly 1% per year in very old age [12–15]. Table 1 shows the incidence of venous thrombosis among those aged 65 years and older as found in three large recent studies: a community-based study from western France, a cohort study from several sites in the USA (Cardiovascular Health Study), and a very large population-based study from North-Trøndelag in Norway [12,14,17]. The incidences are quite similar, at 3–4 per 1000 per year. As all three studies applied established criteria for thrombosis diagnosis, these estimates may be considered reliable, although cases of fatal pulmonary embolism may have been missed. The slightly lower estimates from the Cardiovascular Health Study may be due to self-selection of individuals for a cohort study that includes an intensive baseline examination, which may lead to an under-representation of those with morbid conditions (e.g. malignancies). For studies on a dynamic population, however, it may be difficult to completely exclude cases with a personal history of thrombosis, thus inflating the estimates.
Table 1. Incidence of first venous thrombosis in the elderly (65 + years)
Whereas the French study showed little difference in the incidences between elderly men and women, both the US and Norwegian studies showed a higher risk for elderly men than women, which was pronounced in the US study, but only modest in the much larger study from Norway (Fig. 1).
The incidence of venous thrombosis is < 1 per 1000 per year up to age 50, and then increases rapidly and exponentially (Fig. 1). This has major implications for the age distribution of the patient population with thrombosis, as well as for the effect of risk factors. From the rates of the Norwegian study, the age distribution of patients diagnosed with venous thrombosis can be calculated (Fig. 2) (http://statline.cbs.nl). This shows that nearly 70% of all patients diagnosed with venous thrombosis are over 60, and nearly 25% are over 80 years old. From this perspective, it is astounding that very few studies have focused on the elderly and that many have specifically focused on young patients, for instance in the context of thrombophilia. It follows from these figures that risk factors may have vastly different effects among the elderly than among the young. For instance, a risk factor that quadruples the risk of venous thrombosis among the young, and doubles the risk among older individuals, causes far more additional cases of thrombosis in the older than in the younger age-groups. These are the relative risks associated with exogenous female hormone use, either as a contraceptive among young women, or as hormonal replacement therapy among older women [18–24]. When we compare two groups of women, aged 20 and aged 60, they have a baseline incidence of thrombosis of 0.25 per 1000 per year, and 1.60 per 1000 per year, respectively. So, when they start using hormones, the postmenopausal hormones will cause an excess of cases (1.6 per 1000) that is twice as large as for oral contraceptive use (0.75 per 1000). This implies that if efforts were aimed at preventing as many events of thrombosis as possible, they should be targeted at risk factors in the elderly.
While age is the strongest determinant of the risk of a first event of thrombosis, it is unclear why it is such a strong risk factor. Explanations that have been offered are more immobility, and presence of other or more risk factors and diseases than in young individuals, as well as decreased muscular tone and aging of the veins themselves, and particularly of the valves. It is likely that all of these contribute.
The case-fatality rate of thrombosis was, over 1 month, 6.4% in the Norwegian study of patients of all ages, and nearly double that rate, at 11% in the US cohort of middle-aged and elderly individuals [13,14]. Treatment of thrombosis is more hazardous in old than in young individuals: the risk of major hemorrhage during anticoagulation increases by nearly 50% for every decade of age .
Genetic risk factors for venous thrombosis
Causes of venous thrombosis are usually divided into environmental and genetic factors, of which the former includes both factors leading to stasis (surgery, immobilization, plaster casts, pregnancy) and to hypercoagulability (female hormones, lupus anticoagulants, malignancies) and the latter almost exclusively refers to a hypercoagulable state because of abnormalities in the coagulation system, such as deficiencies of natural anticoagulants [26,27]. Table 2 lists the risk factors for venous thrombosis.
Table 2. Risk factors for venous thrombosis
TAFI, thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor; TFPI, tissue factor pathway inhibitor; PCI, protein C inhibitor; PAI-3, plasminogen activator inhibitor-3.
High levels of factor VIII
Protein C deficiency
High levels of factor IX
Protein S deficiency
High levels of factor XI
Factor V Leiden (FVL)
High levels of fibrinogen
High levels of TAFI
Low levels of TFPI
Factor XIII 34Val
APC-resistance in the
Hormonal replacement therapy
absence of FVL
High levels of PCI (PAI-3)
Central venous catheters (thrombosis of arm)
Although familial thrombophilia had been recognized much earlier, the first family with an identified cause (i.e. antithrombin deficiency) was described in 1965 by Egeberg . Deficiencies of protein C and protein S were recognized as causes of heritable venous thrombosis in the 1980s [29,30]. These deficiencies are found in <1% of the population (antithrombin deficiency in only one per 5000) [31–33]. Even though they are strong risk factors for thrombosis, they are so rare that they are only found in a small percentage of patients with venous thrombosis [34–38]. Most of the information on these deficiencies stems from family studies and not from population-based studies. As it has been shown that an individual from a thrombophilic family with an identified thrombophilic defect has a higher thrombotic risk than an individual with the same defect but without a family history of thrombosis, probably because of unknown interacting factors, the data from family studies cannot be extrapolated to all carriers of these deficiencies . In a large multicenter cohort study of familial thrombophilia (European Prospective Cohort on Thrombophilia, EPCOT), in which 575 asymptomatic individuals from such families were followed for nearly 6 years, the annual rate of venous thrombosis was 8 per 1000 (highest, at 17 per 1000, in antithrombin deficiency), without a clear age-effect . In two retrospective family studies of antithrombin deficiency and protein C deficiency , the incidence appeared to be slightly higher among those aged 45 years and older, at 1–2% per year.
While the deficiencies of natural anticoagulants are rare, factor (F) V Leiden (G1691A) and prothrombin G20210A are common variants with an overall incidence of carriers of 2–5% among Caucasians [41–44]. They are found in 6–20% of patients with deep vein thrombosis [42,45–47]. Both abnormalities increase the risk of thrombosis 3- to 8-fold [42,47], FV Leiden because it leads to APC-resistance and prothrombin 20210A because it is associated with elevated levels of prothrombin [42,48]. In the LITE (Longitudinal Investigation of Thromboembolism Etiology) study, which combines the data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS), the absolute risk of thrombosis was investigated for carriers of FV Leiden of different ages. The ARIC included individuals aged 45–64 years at baseline, and the CHS included individuals aged 65 and older. In a nested case–control analysis, FV Leiden led to a 4.6-fold increased risk (vs. non-carriers) in the ARIC study, and a 2.2-fold increased risk in the individuals aged 65 and older from the CHS 49. In a sub-study of the MEGA study, we included 238 patients aged over 70 with a first deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, and 112 partner controls who provided a DNA sample. Factor V Leiden or prothrombin 20210A was found in 31 patients (13%) and seven controls (6%), yielding an odds ratio of 2.2 (CI95: 0.9–6.2).
Given the exponential increase of the thrombosis incidence by age, these data indicate that FV Leiden will lead to a substantial number of cases of thrombosis in the elderly. A recent prospective follow-up study within families with prothrombin 20210A found a low risk of venous thrombosis in asymptomatic carriers (3.7 per 1000 per year), but three out of four events occurred in individuals aged 50 years and older, suggesting that this mutation does also increase risk in older individuals .
It has been shown that elevated levels of procoagulant factors (i.e. fibrinogen, prothrombin (FII), FVIII, FIX and FXI) as well as of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), are associated with the risk of thrombosis [42,51–55]. Levels that are among the highest 10% of the population distribution (90th percentile) lead to a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of venous thrombosis. It is likely that high levels are, at least in part, genetically determined, which has been demonstrated for prothrombin levels (prothrombin 20210A), and FVIII levels (ABO blood group, as well as evidence of unidentified genetic factors) [42,51,56,57]. Mild hyperhomocysteinemia (over 18 μmol L−1), which is found in 5–10% of the population, also leads to a 2-fold increased risk of venous thrombosis, by an unknown mechanism [58–60]. Many coagulation factor levels, as well as plasma concentrations of homocysteine, increase with age . Data from the CHS indicate that elevated levels of coagulation factors remain a determinant of venous thrombosis in the elderly: high levels of FV antigen (> 75th percentile) doubled the risk of thrombosis compared with those in the lowest quintile , individuals with the highest levels of FVIII (> 95th percentile, 195 U dL–1) had a 3-fold increased risk compared with those with the lowest levels (< 25th percentile, 100 U dL−1), while a 1.6-fold increased risk was found for those with FVII levels in the highest 5% of the distribution (170 U dL−1) vs. those with normal levels (< 100 U dL−1) . In the same study, D-dimer levels proved a strong predictor of venous thrombosis, particularly in the oldest individuals . In the Leiden Thrombophilia Study, a high level of fibrinogen was a risk factor for thrombosis mainly in the elderly .
Although data on hypercoagulability in the elderly are scarce, the available reports indicate that abnormalities in the coagulation system increase the risk of venous thrombosis in the elderly as they do in young and middle-aged individuals. Because of the high incidence of high levels of procoagulant factors among the elderly, these are likely to be major contributors to the occurrence of venous thrombosis in these individuals.
Environmental causes of venous thrombosis
Both surgery and major trauma are strong risk factors for thrombosis. In the absence of thromboprophylaxis, orthopedic surgery of the hip and knee may lead to thrombosis in up to 30 to 50% of patients [65,66]. Nearly similar risks are conferred by abdominal surgery, gynecologic surgery and urologic surgery (in particular open prostatectomy) [67–69]. Multiple trauma, particularly when including head trauma, spinal injury, pelvic fractures, femoral fractures and tibial fractures, may cause thrombosis in up to half of the patients [70–72].
Nowadays, these high frequencies of thrombosis in these circumstances no longer occur because of the routine use of anticoagulant prophylaxis. Nevertheless, surgery and trauma are such strong risk factors that even with anticoagulant treatment total hip or knee replacement lead to symptomatic venous thrombosis in 1–3% of patients . Therefore, surgery remains a major cause of venous thrombosis. In the 1990s we observed in the Leiden region, where extended anticoagulant prophylaxis is routinely described for most surgical interventions, that 18% of cases of thrombosis were precipitated by a surgical intervention, and these interventions were associated with a 6-fold increased risk of venous thrombosis . In a recent analysis, over the period 1999–2004, including over 4000 patients with a first venous thrombosis and a similar number of controls, major surgery and orthopedic surgery still led to a 4-fold increased risk of symptomatic thrombosis .
Immobilization, either because of paralysis, bed rest, plaster casts or prolonged travel, leads to an increased risk of thrombosis [76–78]. Immobilization of the lower extremities interferes with the function of the calf musculature, in conjunction with the venous valves, of pumping the blood upstream against gravity. The risk is higher for seated than for supine immobilization. In London during World War II, the risk of pulmonary embolism was increased 6-fold shortly after air raids, during which people sought shelter in the underground where they waited in deckchairs. The risk went down after the chairs had been replaced by beds . Prolonged travel increases the risk of thrombosis 2- to 3-fold, particularly for those with prothrombotic mutations or who are obese . Overall, the risk remains low, at one per 4500 air travellers .
It is likely that many of these factors play a major role in thrombosis in the elderly, as immobilization because of medical conditions is frequent. In the RIETE registry of patients aged over 80 with venous thrombosis it was found that they often had been immobilized for more than 4 days, often had chronic obstructive lung disease and often had heart failure .
In 1865, Armand Trousseau observed the strong association between cancer and venous thrombosis and lent his name to the Trousseau syndrome (i.e. recurrent thrombophlebitis at various and changing locations (saltans et migrans) indicating occult cancer, notably of the pancreas).
Cancer may cause thrombosis because of thrombogenicity of the tumor itself, for which recent research points to a role of tissue-factor loaded microparticles [83,84]. Large tumors may compress veins and cause thrombosis [85,86]. Furthermore, the disease may lead to weakness and immobility, and the treatment may be thrombogenic, with an overall 2-fold increased risk following chemotherapy vs. other therapies [87–89]. Central venous catheters to administer chemotherapeutics are the most important cause of thrombosis of the arm , and over 10% of patients with a central venous catheter develop symptomatic venous thrombosis of the upper extremity . Prothrombotic abnormalities, such as FV Leiden and prothrombin 20210A enhance this risk .
Adenocarcinomas confer a 3-fold higher risk of thrombosis than other types of cancer . The highest risk of thrombosis is found for pancreatic cancer, with an annualized risk over 10% . Overall, cancer increases the risk of thrombosis seven-fold, with the highest risk in the first months after diagnosis (more than 50-fold increased in first 3 months compared with individuals without cancer), and for those with distant metastases (20-fold increased vs. those without cancer) and for carriers of prothrombotic mutations (12-fold increased compared with those without cancer and such mutations) .
Because cancer is such a strong risk factor for thrombosis, a substantial number of patients who present with thrombosis have cancer, in some cases still undiagnosed. It has been estimated that between 5% and 20% of patients who present with thrombosis have cancer, with the highest prevalence among those with idiopathic thrombosis, of whom a substantial proportion (several per cent) is diagnosed with cancer in the year after the thrombosis [92,96–98]. Cancer is a major contributor to the high case–fatality rate of venous thrombosis [13,14].
In the RIETE registry of very old patients with venous thrombosis, cancer was present in 18% of patients aged over 80, which was not much different from its prevalence in younger patients , although higher than in the MEGA study, where 12% of patients (who were all aged under 70, mean age 50) had ever been diagnosed with cancer prior to the thrombotic event .
When we analyzed the participants in a sub-study of the MEGA study aged 70 years and older on whom we had information on cancer, 36 (12.5%) out of 287 cases and 11 (7.7%) out of 142 controls had been diagnosed with cancer in the 5 years preceding the index date (date of thrombosis diagnosis in cases, and a similar date in controls), yielding an odds ratio of 1.7 (CI95, 0.8–3.7). On a relative scale, this is substantially lower than the relative risk for patients under 70 in the same study (cancer diagnosed in 5 years prior to the index date: OR = 6.6). Even on an absolute scale, when we take into account that the baseline risk of venous thrombosis is around one per 1000 per year in those aged 50, and five per 1000 per year in those aged over 70 (Fig. 1), cancer appears less of a risk factor in old age than at younger ages. Although the prevalence of malignancies is high at advanced age, the odds ratio of 1.7 combined with the prevalence of 7.7% of a recent diagnosis with cancer predicts that only 5% of all venous thrombotic events in the elderly can be attributed to cancer (population attributable risk, PAR).
Hormonal replacement therapy
Estrogens relieve symptoms of menopause, and prolonged treatment reduces the progression of osteoporosis [99–101]. However, hot flushes also often disappear without active treatment , and it is unclear whether hormone therapy prevents fractures [103,104]. Hormone use has no beneficial effect on arterial disease and increases the risk of breast cancer [103,105]. Many studies have shown that hormone replacement therapy increases the risk of venous thrombosis 2- to 4-fold [21–24,106–110]. A recent study has suggested that estrogens administered by transdermal patches, that eliminate a first-pass effect through the liver, do not increase the risk of thrombosis , although previous reports did find an increased risk for patches [106,107].
Most studies on oral preparations concern equine conjugated estrogens. In a recent large case–control study of 586 postmenopausal women with venous thrombosis and 2268 controls, a 1.7-fold increased risk was observed for users of conjugated estrogens, while no excess risk was present for users of esterified estrogens . The risk of venous thrombosis in hormone users is particularly high in those who are obese and have APC-resistance because of FV Leiden [24,113–115]. The absence of an increased risk of users of esterified estrogens was mainly visible in the absence of this synergistic effect with prothrombotic mutations . This was in line with a subsequent study of the effect of various types of postmenopausal hormones on the coagulation system in healthy users, where an acquired APC-resistance was observed in users of conjugated estrogens, but not of esterified estrogens .
Venous thrombosis is a common disorder in the elderly with a substantial morbidity and mortality. Environmental risk factors, particularly immobilization, play an important role in the etiology of thrombosis in the elderly, and cause a substantial proportion of the total number of cases because risk factors associated with disease are more prevalent in old than in young individuals. Abnormalities in the clotting system, either genetic or acquired, appear to be equally and possibly more important in the elderly than in young and middle-aged individuals. Therefore, thrombosis in the elderly should be a focus of future studies.
Disclosure of Conflict of Interests
The authors state that they have no conflict of interests. | <urn:uuid:bb129bbd-07e8-47d1-afd4-25fe4b5bb25c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1538-7836.2007.02489.x/full | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00190-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947654 | 5,712 | 2.65625 | 3 |
It was the biggest mystery of the most controversial and expensive schoolboard election in San Diego history. Why would two obscure East Coast liberal foundations unite with some of the most conservative and wealthiest of San Diego business interests in a secretive attempt to defeat incumbent board member Frances O'Neill Zimmerman? By the time the campaign was over in November 2000, the two foundations — along with the likes of Padres owner John Moores, Wal-Mart heir John Walton, downtown real estate mogul Malin Burnham, and Qualcomm founder Irwin Jacobs — poured $720,000 into a slashing campaign of television spots, attacking Zimmerman and her opposition to the policies of San Diego Unified School District superintendent Alan Bersin. Despite — and some believe because of — the heavy onslaught, Zimmerman narrowly held off her pro-Bersin foe, downtown real estate lawyer Julie Dubick, and remained on the board. But questions about the two foundations, which consistently refused to explain why each had helped fund the campaign, would not go away. The money from the individuals and the foundations was funneled into the race through a nonprofit corporation called the Partnership for Student Achievement (a front organization with no official board of directors), set up in the Encinitas offices of F. Laurence Scott, Jr. a certified public accountant known for managing the campaign bookkeeping of Republican stalwart Pete Wilson. Moores, Walton, and Jacobs each gave $100,000. Burnham gave $50,000, as did Harvey White, the chief executive officer of Leap Wireless, a Qualcomm spin-off whose stock, now worth only pennies a share, was flying high on Wall Street. Manpower of San Diego, a temporary-help firm owned by Phil Blair and Mel Katz, two mainstays of San Diego's chamber of commerce, gave $100,000.
The slickly produced commercials opened with a color shot of smiling students walking down a hallway, over which was superimposed an unflattering, black-and-white still photograph of a frowning Zimmerman. A menacing male baritone voice intoned "School board member Fran Zimmerman is leading the fight against San Diego's back-to-basics reform plan." After listing a series of anti-Bersin board votes that Zimmerman allegedly had made, the voice concluded, "Tell Fran Zimmerman to stop voting against back-to-basics school reform. Because it's working."
It made sense that the chamber of commerce had come out against Zimmerman. She was leading the charge against selling off the district's real estate for commercial development and was raising bothersome questions about the district's purchasing policies. Then, during the campaign, it had emerged that Dubick worked for a law firm that was lobbying hard for sweetheart district property deals, and local real estate interests were pouring money into the Dubick campaign. Moores and his associates clearly wanted a more "business-friendly" school district.
But the two Eastern foundations, which between them gave a total of $157,000, seemed an unlikely source of funds. Essential Information, Inc., of Washington, D.C., gave $100,000. Public Interest Projects of New York City gave $57,000. Founded in 1982, Essential Information was run by Russell Mokhiber, a then-46-year-old veteran of the left-wing turbulence of the 1960s and '70s who had made a career of bashing America's corporate culture. The foundation website announced that Mokhiber, who grew up in Niagara Falls, New York, the child of working-class parents, and who later went to work for Ralph Nader, was "one of the nation's leading authorities on corporate crime, is the editor of the Corporate Crime Reporter, a legal weekly, and the author of Corporate Crime and Violence: Big Business Power and the Abuse of the Public Trust."
"Corporations are the only criminal class that has so marinated the lawmaking process with their money that they both define the law and influence enforcement of the law," Mokhiber told Florida's St. Petersburg Times in 1997. In 1999 he told the New York Times that "Corporate crime is crime without shame. It's gotten to the point where when a corporation pleads guilty to some criminal act, the stock goes up." Essential Information publishes a monthly magazine called the Multinational Monitor, which features articles with headlines such as "Corporate Pigs and Other Tales of Agribusiness," "Big Business Looks to Sew Up the Chinese Market," and "The World Bank: Fifty Years Is Enough!"
So what was Mokhiber doing in the company of corporate titans such as John Moores, Harvey White, Irwin Jacobs, and John Walton? And why did the anti-corporate activist care about San Diego's school board? Contacted by telephone in October 2000, Mokhiber said he was not familiar with the donation his foundation had made to the San Diego race and promised a reporter he'd investigate and call back. He never did and failed to respond to numerous follow-up calls. Charitable tax returns filed in 1999 with the Internal Revenue Service showed that Essential Information had the previous year raised $672,000 from a variety of contributors and had net assets of $166,000.
The second foundation, Public Interest Projects, was even more elusive. Its president, Donald Ross, is a wealthy, well-connected Democratic lobbyist and longtime liberal activist in New York and Washington who had founded the Ralph Nader-sponsored New York Public Interest Research Group in 1973. He and his partner, attorney Arthur Malkin, lobbied for the New York state trial attorneys' organization, which often pitted them against the state's business community. Ross failed to return numerous phone calls from a reporter attempting to find out why the foundation he ran had given to the anti-Zimmerman cause.
Pam Maurath, who identified herself as an employee of Public Interest Projects, confirmed that the foundation had contributed the money to the Partnership for Student Achievement but said she was "not aware" of its negative television advertising campaign. "This was something we felt was of consumer interest," she said. Maurath added she didn't know how the foundation was approached for the money but said the foundation's grants were not advertised to the public. "There would have to be some personal connection, oh, sure," she said. "We don't have a regular process by which we award grants. There would have to be some personal connection. You would definitely have to know somebody." | <urn:uuid:7d0f561e-4086-405c-bd2a-1d6c9251a1ca> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2002/oct/24/it-was-biggest-mystery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00561-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979798 | 1,317 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Post Production: How To Create a Binoculars or Telescope with Mattes
Mattes cut holes in one clip to allow portions of another clip to show through. Mattes are used to create binocular and telescope point of view shots that were common in older movies and TV shows. An example of this is a hero on top of a hill picking up a pair of binoculars to scout out the bad guy's hide out.
The sequence starts with a medium shot of the hero lifting the binoculars and then cuts to the POV, which is a matte of the two connected circles in a black border with a long shot of the hide out in the circles. This is a relatively easy effect to accomplish that requires compositing.
Step 1: Assemble the Necessary Elements
To accomplish this matte effect, you will need the video clip, two video tracks on your timeline, and black video. The video clip will go on track one and the black video will go on track two. The black video needs to be the same length as the video clip.
Step 2: Creating the Matte
For this effect, you are going to use a graphic matte instead of a garbage matte. Garbage mattes are meant for removing unwanted elements from a video clip while graphic mattes are meant for creating shapes that will key out or key in another graphic or clip.
You want to apply two graphic mattes to the black video. By using your program's effect controls, you are going to create two circles of equal size that are going to overlap each other. Using your eye and personal tastes will help you find the right combination to sell the binocular effect. If you're creating this effect to look like a telescope, then only use one circle.
Step 3: Working with the Edges
You want to adjust the edges of the matte so that there isn't a thin halo around them. You want the transition between video and matte to be sharp and abrupt.
Step 4: Distorting the Video
To help sell the effect, you should consider adding a distorting effect to the video to make it look like it is being viewed from a lens. Have the edge of the video slightly bend where it meets the matte. Worse comes to worse, you can always remove the effect if you don't like it.
Step 5: Getting the Effect on Camera
You can get this effect on camera when shooting the scene. All you need to do is place a cut out of the binocular look over the lens when shooting to get the effect. But, if you do it there you are stuck with what you got. If you get the effect in the editing room, you can make changes instantly. | <urn:uuid:c9d2ce23-68b4-46e9-92cc-918e793219aa> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.steves-digicams.com/knowledge-center/how-tos/film-and-video-production/post-production-how-to-create-a-binoculars-or-telescope-with-mattes.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717963.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00373-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927377 | 549 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Never Miss A Deadline
other important information.
The city of Pompano Beach as the name suggests is surrounded by waterways and has mesmerizing beaches that highlight the beauty of the land. The town located in the Broward County of Florida in the United States of America. The land parked or placed along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean and on the northern frontier, the city faces Fort Lauderdale. The name of the town Pompano came from the choice of the sea fish caught in the coastal areas by the fishermen. The city was first established in the year 1884 by a group of farmers. Due to the rise in population after World War II, in the year 1947, the City of Pompano blended with the newly formed municipality on the beach and came to know as the City of Pompano Beach. The city got incorporate under the listings of the cities and towns published by the United States Census Board in the year 1928. The Hillsboro Inlet that is parked nearby forms chunk of the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterways. The place started to observe a population outburst since the World War II and as per the Census Board report in the year 2010, the city’s population was 99,845 people. The year 2012 witnessed a population hike of 102,984 and the 2015 census report says that the approximate population number of the city is around 6,012,331 people. These data depicts that the city’s population is gradually rising. The land is a principal city of the Miami metropolitan area.
Zip codes are generally used for denoting address, marking various locations as well as to designate certain delivery points and locations. In order to locate its places, the city also adopts certain zip codes. The Zip codes of the town are 33060-33077, 33093 and 33097. The area code of the land is 754 and 954.
The town is a highly populated land in Florida. It expands or has a total area of 24.71 square miles or 64.00 square kilometers. The land area of the town expands over24.04 square miles or 62.26 square kilometers. The stretch of the water area of the city of Boca Raton expands over 0.67 square miles or 1.74 square kilometers area. The water body is comparatively smaller than other cities of the state.
The city showcases beautiful beaches as well as some of the exciting tourist destinations like-
iii) Scott Meyers Memorial Park and many others are there.
The city provides an ample opportunity for education. The land gives an opportunity to its natives to start their education from primary level and end up with higher education studies. Some of the well-recognized schools and colleges of the place are –
iii) Monarch High School and many more are there.
The city is an established hub or center of business. One can locate the presence of a variety of industry in the town including retail trade, the entertainment industry, medical sector, Tech services, hospitality services and many more. The median household income of the city is approximately around 37,490dollars. | <urn:uuid:24b98c06-5785-469b-bb15-6a47f17e1cfd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://obamacareenrollment.org/obamacare-pompano-beach/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.952357 | 628 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Nabisco Sugar Wafers
Donor: Sliker, Shirley Brocker
Brand Name: Nabisco
Publisher: National Biscuit Co. (Amsterdam, N.Y.)
10.2 x 6.4 cm
Copyright: This item is in the public domain.
Citation: Nabisco Sugar Wafers. The Alan and Shirley Brocker Sliker Collection, MSS 314, Special Collections, Michigan State University Libraries. Available at http://www.lib.msu.edu/exhibits/sliker/detail.jsp?id=2181 | <urn:uuid:94c5e9dd-1b79-48ba-9699-267cdf906eb3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.lib.msu.edu/exhibits/sliker/detail.jsp?id=2181 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00180-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.666535 | 122 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Today’s modern outboards and onboard electronics require juice to run. That’s why your electrical system is one of the most important systems on your boat. Because boats constantly operate on or are near water, electrical system care is even more important, especially in highly corrosive saltwater environments. Make sure your electrical system is always ready to perform with these simple checks and procedures.
Check the wiring and connections.
The electrical system’s job is to carry voltage from one place to another. If the voltage can’t make the journey, or if it’s diminished when it gets there, the receiving device will not function properly, if at all. The goal is to have as much voltage (or electrical energy) arrive at Point B as left Point A. As electricity passes through a device, some parasitic loss is normal. However, corrosion impedes electricity’s ability to travel, which can cause significant voltage loss or intermittent voltage. Either can wreck the good times, but with simple visual inspections and physical actions these scenarios can usually be avoided.
Some electrical corrosion can be easy to see, such as corrosion on battery posts or electrical panel connections. But some damage can be more difficult to see, such as internal corrosion that has rotted some or all of the individual strands inside a wire’s cover. You can use an ohmmeter to check electrical connections and wires for excessive resistance. There should be no more than 0.1-0.2 ohm resistance between electrical connectors on each end of a wire. Any more than that and you should investigate further.
Don’t forget the batteries.
Caution: Make sure that there are no fuel fumes present when making, breaking, or checking battery connections and condition. Give the area the “sniff test” to check for fumes. If in an enclosed area, run the blower or thoroughly air out the space, or take the battery outside to test it. Please plan and protect accordingly.
All battery cable connections must be clean, tight and use hex nuts and lock washers (not old- fashioned wing nuts). Loose connections can cause frustrating intermittent issues or a full-time “no run” condition. A dirty or corroded connection can impede electricity’s ability to travel, and a battery terminal connection may be corroded, yet appear clean. To avoid any doubt, always remove the terminal connection and clean both sides of the connecting materials down to bare, shiny metal, then re-install and tighten the connection properly. For regular maintenance, use Yamalube® Battery Terminal Cleaner & Protector. Simply spray it on and watch for the foam to change color, indicating that the corrosion (acid) has been neutralized. It then dries into a thin, waxy film, preventing the build-up of additional corrosion.
Consider “house batteries” to power accessories. Most large Yamaha outboards (150hp and up) have separate battery isolator/charging leads specifically for this purpose. The outboard’s Dual Charge Monitoring System, with proper wiring, will first send charging voltage from the stator to the starting battery/batteries to help keep the voltage up and ready to go. Once fully charged, the outboard will automatically “switch” the charge to the house battery/batteries.
Check the electrical connections.
If you haven’t already sprayed connections with Yamashield or Yamalube® Silicone Protectant & Lubricant, remove the outboard cowling and liberally spray the entire powerhead. Not only will it help prevent corrosion, but it will help keep rubber parts (like your cowling seal) supple and able to do their job effectively.
Tip: Do not spray silicone on any oxygen (O2) sensors that your outboard may have.
|YAMAHA US/CA MODELS||CHARGING VOLTS||UNIT||SPECIFICATIONS|
|F8A||15.0V||CCA/SAE||245 A||433 A|
|F9.9/T9.9||MCA/ABYC||323 A||520 A|
|F50/T50/F60/T60/F70||CCA/SAE||380 A||1150 A|
|F75/F90||MCA/ABYC||502 A||1370 A|
|F/LF150||14.5V||CCA/SAE||512 A||1150 A|
|3.3L F/LF200||MCA/ABYC||675 A||1370 A|
|3.3L F/LF225||RC/SAE||124 min||NA|
|2.8L VF150, F175, F/LF200||14.5V|
|4.2L VF200/225/250||CCA/SAE||680 A||1150 A|
|4.2L F/LF225||MCA/ABYC||770 A||1370 A|
|4.2L F/LF250||RC/SAE||160 min||NA|
|F/LF350||14.7V||CCA/SAE||700 A||1150 A|
|MCA/ABYC||900 A||1370 A|
|HPDI||14.5V||CCA/SAE||512 A||690 A|
|MCA/ABYC||675 A||840 A| | <urn:uuid:5fef2927-866f-4449-ade4-5b32c83d9cd8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://maintenance.yamahaoutboards.com/electrical-system/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00037-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.850331 | 1,159 | 2.5 | 2 |
Book Scinde Or, The Unhappy Valley
artefacts and download полные теории in Intercultural Communication. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1986. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998. sites: 1-Jan-1998 authenticity, company of critical e, advanced mascots, Customs Service, homogenous l.
Why dogs don't live longer than people
Being a veterinarian, I had been called to examine a ten-year- old Irish Wolfhound named Belker. The dog's owners, Ron, his wife, Lisa, and their little boy, Shane, were all very attached to Belker and they were hoping for a miracle.
I examined Belker and found he was dying of cancer. I told the family there were no miracles left for Belker, and offered to perform the euthanasia procedure for the old dog in their home. As we made arrangements, Ron and Lisa told me they thought it would be good for the four-year-old Shane to observe the procedure. They felt as though Shane might learn something from the experience.
The next day, I felt the familiar catch in my throat as Belker's family surrounded him. Shane seemed so calm, petting the old dog for the last time, that I wondered if he understood what was going on.
Within a few minutes, Belker slipped peacefully away. The little boy seemed to accept Belker's transition without any difficulty or confusion.
We sat together for a while after Belker's death, wondering aloud about the sad fact that animal lives are shorter than human lives.
Shane, who had been listening quietly, piped up, "I know why."
Startled, we all turned to him. What came out of his mouth next stunned me. I'd never heard a more comforting explanation.
He said, "People are born so that they can learn how to live a good life - like loving everybody all the time and being nice, right?"
The four-year-old continued, "Well, dogs already know how to do that, so they don't have to stay as long."
Live simply. Love generously. Care deeply, Speak kindly Be loyal. Leave the rest to God.
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Book Scinde Or, The Unhappy Valley
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Part 3 of the FPU overview covers week 8 of Financial Peace University – Retirement and College Planning. This post will apply to Dave Ramsey’s baby steps #4 and 5. Baby step #4 is: Invest 15% of your income into tax-favored investments (typically Roth IRAs or 401ks). Baby step #5 is : College funding. It is assumed that you won’t start doing either of these steps until you have saved a full emergency fund (3-6 months of expenses) and paid off all your debt except your house.
Why should I have an emergency fund and no debt before investing for retirement and college?
Dave is very strict about having an emergency fund and paying off debt before investing for retirement. He even says you shouldn’t put money in a 401K with a match (which is when your company matches a portion of what you invest – it’s basically free money). When we attended Financial Peace University we were already contributing to a 401K with a match and decided not to follow his advice on this point. It would have been much more disruptive to stop contributing. We would have lost the match and had to wait until the enrollment period to start up again.
Saving an emergency fund before saving for retirement
I’m aware that many people disagree with Dave’s advice on this point because if you wait to invest, you lose some of the advantages of compound growth. I personally can see it both ways. I tend to agree that you should have an emergency fund first. Otherwise you may have to dip into your retirement savings to cover emergencies and invoke severe tax penalties. If you take funds out of a 401K or IRA before retirement you pay excessively high taxes which would be like kicking you when you’re already down.
Paying off debt before saving for retirement
Having all your debt paid off before saving for retirement is a more tricky argument. Frankly, Dave doesn’t address it much. As far as I can tell, the main reason for doing so is focus. The more you focus ALL available money on paying off debt the more momentum you’ll get. There’s a strong psychological benefit to seeing your debt paid off at an accelerated rate.
From a math perspective, you can argue either way. If the interest rate on your debt is higher than the interest rate you’d get investing (typically about 10-12% if you invest in mutual funds), you’re better off paying down your debt. Otherwise, you’re better off investing. Having said that, even if you think you could earn 10-12% on a mutual fund, you’re not necessarily guaranteed that rate of return whereas you are guaranteed the return by paying off your debt.
In the end, I don’t think it matters much whether you pay off debt first before investing or not. I would do whichever gives you the most motivation and peace.
What investment vehicles should I use to invest for retirement?
During the session, Dave explains many savings vehicles in great detail including IRAs, Roth IRAs, SEPs, 403Bs, 457s, and 401Ks. Rather than explain them all, I’ll hit the highlights. Here is Dave’s basic strategy for investing for retirement:
- If your company’s 401K offers a match, invest just enough to take advantage of the full match.
- Next invest in Roth IRAs until you reach your maximum contribution.
- If you still have money left to invest, go back and invest in company plans (401Ks) or SEPs.
Within IRAs, Roth IRAs and 401Ks, you can choose what stocks, bonds, and mutual funds you want to invest in. For Dave’s advice on how to allocate funds see Financial Peace University Summary Part 1
Now let’s briefly explain the differnt retirement vehicles. Keep in mind that these are the most basic definitions. I’ve included links with more information for those interested.
Types of retirement investment vehicles
IRA stands for Individual Retirement Account (or Arrangement). An IRA allows you to invest money pre-tax and allows your investment to grow tax free. You then only pay taxes when you withdraw the money at retirement. The IRA itself is really a stock, bond, mutual fund, or other investment that is simply designated as an “IRA.” Even real estate can be used for an IRA. As Dave puts it, the IRA is just a “coat” to keep your investment protected from taxes.
To invest in an IRA you have to have a earned income in that year. In 2007 you can invest up to $4,000 per person if you’re 49 or younger or $5,000 if you’re 50 or older.
A Roth IRA is similar to a regular IRA with one huge difference – with a Roth IRA you invest money post-tax but then your investment grows tax free and you can withdraw it at retirement tax free. In very basic terms, you would typically choose a Roth IRA if you think your income at retirement will exceed your current income. Otherwise, a traditional IRA would make more sense.
A 401K acts like an IRA in that you invest money pre-tax and your savings grows tax free. You are then taxed when you withdraw the funds. One of the main differences between an IRA and 401K is simply that a 401K is offered specifically through your employer.
With a 401K you are also more limited in your investment options. The company running your 401K usually provides a pre-selected set mutual funds to choose from.
One benefit of 401Ks is that some employers offer a match – they will match a portion of the amount you save. For example, my current employer matches 100% of my contribution up to 4% of my income and then 50% of my contribution from 4 to 6% of my income. Just to make the math simple, if I made $100,000 and saved 6% of my income, rather than ending up with $6,000 invested I’d end up with $11,000 ($6,000 contribution plus a $5,000 match). It’s basically free money and you should definitely take advantage of a matching program if your employer offers one.
Dave points out some people don’t use the 401K if there is not a match. That’s a mistake. Even though they don’t offer a match you still get the great tax benefits and should still contribute.
The maximum contribution to a 401K for 2007 is $15,500.
A 403B is essentially the same as a 401K but is offered by hospitals, schools, and non-profit organizations rather than corporations.
Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) plans provide a way for small business owners to provide retirement plans to themselves and their employees. When an employee participates in an SEP, they essentially create an IRA, which in this case is known as an SEP-IRA. SEP-IRAs have the same tax implications as traditional IRAs. Employees can contribute up to 25% of their income. Self employed individuals can contribute up to 18.6% of their net profit.
The 457 allows you to defer your compensation. Instead of receiving income now and being taxed on it now, you can receive it and be taxed on it later. Rather than receiving the income, you can invest it. Essentially this acts similarly to a 401K. I’m personally not familiar with 457s and Dave didn’t recommend them. Use your company’s 401K instead.
Standard Thrift Plan for government employees
For federal government employees you have the standard thrift plan. Dave recommends putting 40% in C fund (common stock plan, 17% return over 10 years. Modeled after S&P index), 40% in S fund (small company fund [aggressive growth], modeled after Barclays index, averaged 14% return over 10 years), and 20% in I fund (International, 8-9% return, modeled after the Barclays EAFE index).
Rolling out funds
401Ks, 403Bs, and 457s are all offered by your employer. The good news is, you can transfer or “roll out” these investments when you leave the company. You can also roll over IRA accounts. Dave recommends rolling out funds whenever you have the option because you have more flexibility in a non-employer plan – you can invest the funds exactly how you want rather than being forced to choose from a limited selection. 401Ks and IRAs can typically only be rolled when you leave the company. However, 403Bs can be rolled at any time.
When you roll funds, be sure to do a direct transfer rather than bringing the money home first. If you have them cut you a check they have to hold 20% of the money until you decide where to invest it. Then if you don’t reinvest you have taxes of about 40% on those funds.
When you roll out funds, you need to decide if you want to roll them to an IRA or Roth IRA. Dave recommends you roll them to an IRA unless you meet the criteria below, in which case you should roll them to a Roth IRA:
1. You will have saved $700,000 by the age of 65.
2. You can pay your taxes separately out-of-pocket. For example, if you roll $10,000 to a Roth IRA, you have to pay taxes on the $10,000 immediately. If you don’t have the funds to pay the taxes right now, you can roll funds in chunks as you have money to pay the taxes.
3. You have less than $100,000 in income the year of the roll. Rules state that you can’t roll to a Roth IRA if you have $100,000 or more in income that year.
Borrowing against 401K – DON’T DO IT!
Some people ask about borrowing money against your 401K. On the surface it seems like a good idea – you can pay yourself interest rather than the bank. However, you should never borrow against your 401K because there are severe risks. Here are 3 reasons why you shouldn’t borrow against your 401K.
- You unplug yourself from the stock-like returns.
- You might leave or be fired. If you leave, that loan is due in full within 60 days or it’s considered an early withdraw.
- If you die, you are deemed to have left the company and your spouse has to pay back the loan.
Saving for Education
For the seemingly rare few who already have a full emergency fund, all debt paid off, and are saving 15% of your income for retirement, you can move on to baby step #5: Funding your child’s college education. I think this step is appropriately placed in relation to the other goals. You need to make sure you take care of your own financial situation, including retirement, before worrying about your kids’ educations. If you don’t, they will have to take care of you financially when you retire. Of course, I paid for almost all my college education and therefore am biased towards having children pay their own way and/or get scholarships. Regardless of your stance, Dave’s placement of this baby step is prudent and appropriate.
Use ESAs and UTMA/UGMAs to save for your child’s education
Dave’s advice is pretty straight forward – save for your child’s education first using an ESA, then using an UTMA/UGMA if you max out the ESA.
Education Savings Accounts (ESA)
An ESA is essentially an IRA for education rather than retirement.
A parent sets up an ESA for his/her child and acts as the custodian. Contributions to an ESA grow tax-exempt. If the child uses the funds for qualified educational expenses, those distributions can be used tax free. You can make a maximum of $2,000 in contributions each year. You have have an income under $110,000 if filing as a single or $220,000 for married couples to use an ESA.
Investopedia has a nice overview of ESAs
Uniform Transfer to Minors Act (UTMA/UGMA)
If you max out your ESA contributions or you make too much money to contribute to an ESA you can use an UTMA. The Uniform Transfer to Minors Act allows you to open a Mutual Fund account in the name of the child. The parent is custodian of the account until the child is 18. The downside (or upside if you’re the child) is that funds in an UTMA don’t have to be used for education. The child can use funds how they want when they turn 21.
Don’t use 529 plans or use life insurance for college savings
Dave recommends staying away from 529 plans which force you to put the money into pre-defined mutual funds that don’t provide a good enough return. Age-based 529 plans invest the funds more conservatively as the child reaches 18 and give you no control. They are too conservative.
Dave also recommends avoiding the following:
- Using life insurance policies (such as the Gerber Life Insurance policy) to save for college
- Use savings bonds or zero-coupon bonds for college investing
- Using pre-paid college tuition
Please recognize that the above descriptions are not meant to be comprehensive by any means. Dave Ramsey goes into quite a bit more detail in Financial Peace University and even his descriptions are not comprehensive. Hopefully this will give you a base line for understanding your investment options and spur you on to learn more. Stay tuned for part 4.
Retirement Savings or Debt Reduction: Which is the Top Priority? [Get Rich Slowly]
Retirement Savings Or Debt Repayment: Which Is More Important? [The Simple Dollar]
3 Common 401(k) Mistakes [The Consumerist]
Posted in Dave Ramsey, Education, Investing, Retirement, Saving | 5 Comments » | <urn:uuid:dce33423-b38c-4e83-a275-1f3f4d51dde7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.gettingfinancesdone.com/blog/archives/2007/08/financial-peace-university-overview-part-3-retirement-and-college-planning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721027.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00550-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947371 | 2,931 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Pink Floyd and Ronald Reagan would be happy: Some walls are being torn down. The walls of office cubicles, that is. The recession has quite literally pushed millions of workers out of their cubicles due to layoffs, and when people bounce back and do find work, they’re now more likely to land in an nontraditional workplace—perhaps in a spot shared by multiple small businesses and entrepreneurs, or simply wherever there’s Wi-Fi.
If nothing else, the recession has prodded businesspeople to get creative. Entrepreneurs are doing things like pitching their ideas during open-mike nights over beer and pizza. They’re also getting creative in how and where they work.
Start-up businesses are particularly attracted to the situation known as “co-working,” in which they rent an office with other professionals and share printers, Wi-Fi, desks, and even conference rooms and espresso machines. Some entrepreneurs say that they like being surrounded by other businesspeople doing exciting things. The atmosphere sure beats working in your basement, and it shaves off the cost of renting a more traditional office with a long-term lease. A WSJ story reports on the trend of shared work spaces.
In the age of Wi-Fi, netbooks, and smartphones, however, any office at all is unnecessary. A new breed of workers is being referred to as the “digital nomad.” A snippet from an LA Times story:
For nomads, the benefits are both primitive and practical.
Primitive: Tom Folkes, an artificial-intelligence programmer, worked last week at the Java Shack in Arlington County, Va., because he’s “an extrovert working on introvert tasks. If I’m working at home by myself, I am really hating life. I need people.” He has a coffee shop rotation. “I spread my business around,” he said.
Practical: Marilyn Moysey, an employee of Ezenia Inc. who sells virtual collaboration software, often works at a Panera Bread cafe near her home in Alexandria, Va., not at her office in the “boondocks.” Why? “Because there is no hope for the road system around here,” she said. Asked where her co-workers were, Moysey said, “I don’t know, because it doesn’t matter anymore.”
Nomad life is already evolving. Those who want co-workers gather in public places or at the homes of strangers. They work laptop-by-laptop, exchanging both business advice and idle chitchat with people who all work for different companies. The gatherings are called jellies, after a bowl of jelly beans the creators were eating when they came up with the name. | <urn:uuid:7c3bd0dc-c518-489e-ae7b-3e74dc7b7340> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://business.time.com/2009/07/29/the-new-work-environment-from-office-drones-to-co-working-with-digital-nomads/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00519-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969214 | 585 | 1.671875 | 2 |
About 500 people demonstrated in a central Moscow square on Monday to demand the ouster of Prime Minister Vladimir Putin and his "rule of thieves."
The rally took place peacefully, but police detained a separate group of 20 opposition activists nearby. About 60 protesters also were detained in St. Petersburg, one of a number of other cities where demonstrations were held.
Prominent opposition leader Boris Nemtsov, who was arrested and jailed for 15 days following a similar demonstration a month ago, kept up his assault on Russia's longtime leader as he addressed the protesters on Moscow's Triumph Square.
He compared Putin to Egyptian President Hosni Mubarek, who is facing mass unrest after 30 years in power.
"Please, someone tell me how our leadership differs from his," Nemtsov shouted to the crowd from the back of a truck. "Russia has to get rid of Putin."
Nemtsov has accused Putin of allowing corruption to pervade the corridors of power and of building up considerable personal wealth during his 11 years in power at the expense of ordinary Russians. He also has denounced Putin's reversal of the democratic achievements of the 1990s.
Russia's beleaguered opposition holds demonstrations on the last day of every month with 31 days to call attention to the 31st Article of Russia's Constitution, which guarantees freedom of assembly.
The city authorized Monday's rally, but it also authorized the rally Dec. 31, during which 68 people were arrested, including Nemtsov. He was arrested after the rally while walking across the square to his car.
Nemtsov's arrest drew Western condemnation and mobilized his supporters, who held daily pickets outside the jail where he was being held.
Hundreds of police surrounded the square Monday, but they allowed the demonstrators to disperse after the hourlong rally ended with cries of "Down with the rule of thieves."
Police did, however, detain another opposition leader, Eduard Limonov, and his supporters as they walked away from the square. City police spokesman Gennady Bogachev said they were attempting to organize their own rally.
Limonov, who was arrested ahead of last month's rally shortly after leaving his home and sentenced to 15 days in jail, has refused to join other opposition leaders at the sanctioned demonstrations.
In St. Petersburg, the opposition did not have permission to protest. Police spokesman Vyacheslav Stepchenko said officers detained 60 people when they broke up the rally.
AP writer Irina Titova in St. Petersburg contributed to this report. | <urn:uuid:c68892f5-ff9d-4f5b-bb2f-4686c7f4bd23> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna41354231 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.980097 | 514 | 1.648438 | 2 |
The majority of Republicans now think the war in Afghanistan was not worth fighting, according to a Washington Post-ABC News poll conducted last week.
For the first time, more Republicans and Republican-leaning independents opposed the war than supported it, with 55 percent saying they considered the costs of the war greater than its benefits. Sixty-six percent of all respondents said the war was not worth fighting.
The war could become an issue in the general election. GOP frontrunner Mitt Romney, unlike most of his primary rivals, has not questioned the nation's commitment to Afghanistan, and he has criticized President Obama for his timeline to give Afghans security responsibility by 2014.
"I think it is plain to see conditions are not going very well," Romney told Fox News. "And I lay part of the blame on that on the lack of leadership on our president."
The poll showed mixed support for Obama's handling of the war, with 48 percent approving of his actions and 43 percent disapproving. Respondents were split as to whether Army Staff Sgt. Robert Bale's killing of 17 Afghan civilians indicated broader problems or was an isolated incident. But they showed concern for the toll warfare can have on service members, with 80 percent saying the military should put time limits on deployments to combat areas.
How will Donald Trump’s first 100 days impact YOU? Subscribe, choose the community that you most identify with or want to learn more about and we’ll send you the news that matters most once a week throughout Trump’s first 100 days in office. Learn more | <urn:uuid:b15113ca-e126-46fa-9637-a8a041090b5d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/12/afghanistan-poll-republicans-war_n_1420697.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00447-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973902 | 314 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Genome editing of diatoms using CRISPR/Cas9 technology - Creation of LPA2 and LPA3 mutant Phaeodactylum tricornutum strains
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- Institutt for biologi
The diatom (Bacillaryophycea) Phaeodactylum tricornutum is a photosynthetic, unicellular eukaryote phytoplankton, living in freshwaters and oceans. Diatoms are nutritionally suitable as feedstock for the marine culture industry, but the biomass density in a culture is limited by the availability of light. A suggested way to optimize growth and productivity in mass cultures under bright sunlight conditions is to create truncated light-harvesting antenna (TLA) mutants. Knocking out genes of the chloroplast signal recognition particle (CpSRP) pathway has resulted in strongly reduced antennae size and improved photosynthetic performance in high density cultures, however some light-harvesting antenna proteins are still inserted and assembled in the thylakoid membrane. Existing literature on the role of the low PSII accumulation 2 (LPA2) and low PSII accumulation 3 (LPA3) proteins in higher plants at the time of the project start-up, suggested that both LPA2 and LPA3 interact with a protein in the CpSRP pathway (Alb3). These genes were therefore suitable for investigation, in the work to identify a mutant with the smallest possible light harvesting antennae. The newly developed CRISPR-Cas technology facilitates high-precision genome editing. The CRISPR/Cas9 system introduces targeted double strand breaks in the genome, and the cells repair the break by error prone non-homologous end joining or homologous recombination resulting in insertion or deletion mutations. In this study, a CRISPR/Cas9 based system optimized for creating stable targeted gene knockouts in the marine diatom P. tricornutum was used to develop mutants for the LPA2 and LPA3 genes. From the screening of the transformed P. tricornutum colonies, one LPA2 knockout line was confirmed. Due to time limitations, the screening of all the transformed colonies was not completed. A high-resolution melt analysis indicated mutants in both the LPA2 and LPA3 transformed lines, however it was not confirm whether or not it was knockout mutations. The photosynthetic efficiency and cell division rate of two P. tricornutum LPA2 mutants (one heterozygote mutant and one homozygote knockout mutant), generated with two different gRNAs were examined in a HL experiment. These preliminary analyses indicate that the knockout mutation of the LPA2 gene leads to a decrease in the efficiency of the photosynthesis, and that LPA2 is possible involved in PSII assembly. To decide whether the disruption of the LPA2 gene in diatoms causes a truncated antenna, it would be necessary with further analyses on LPA2 knockout mutants. However, due to the normal coloration of the knockout mutant there is a low probability that it has a truncated antenna. Generation and characterization of knockout lines of LPA2 is therefore likely to contribute to the understanding of assembly of PSII, but it will probably not contribute to strain improvements useful for biotechnological applications as strain improvements on TLA mutants. | <urn:uuid:79677f65-b906-4866-a054-fad344c1a90c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/handle/11250/2615469?locale-attribute=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.905073 | 715 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Editor's note: Every year, the Juneau Friends Meeting (Quakers), which believes the effort to understand the life of others is a first step in any effort of peacemaking, awards a $500 scholarship to a 12th-grade student who writes the best essay on a topic related to peace and peacemaking. This year, applicants were asked to pose as a pen pal student in Iraq, responding to an e-mail sent inquiring about how life has changed as a result of the war and subsequent events. This year's winner was Kai Christian:
Sound off on the important issues at
"I am sorry I have not been able to write you for so long. It's been hard to get connected to the Internet lately. I've been trying to live a normal life, but the attempt itself brings a painful realization that normal is a fantasy here. Normal is what we remember looking back, and hope that we can one day have again. That life seems so distant. Now we can only try to stay alive. More than 600,000 have been killed. I don't know any family that hasn't lost someone they love. Can you imagine how soon this war would end if every American on your block had lost a mother, father, sister, cousin, brother, grandfather, grandmother or friend?
"I haven't been able to attend university in a month. Most students are too afraid to try to get there in the mornings, and the teachers don't have it any better. As for me, I don't think I would go even if there were classes being held. I am too afraid to go outside and most wear the burqa whenever I do. It's as if the whole world has gone crazy. Everyday there are abductions, revenge killings, car bombs and detentions. Can you imagine how it is to feel lucky when there is actually a body to identify?
"Of course, the Americans are a constant fear, but just as much are the Iraqi "peacekeeping forces." The name is a joke. They do nothing to improve the situation, and take advantage of their status any way they can. I saw on the television, the trial of the men suspected of raping Sabrine Al-Janabi. Of course our politicians say she is lying in order to undermine the peacekeeping forces. I think she is possibly the bravest of us. She has suffered through this atrocity, and is still strong enough to go on and accuse these men, and attempt to see some sort of justice done. She is even letting her real name be known. My heart hurts for her, but just as much, I am glad it wasn't me.
"My family is struggling along as best we can. Father has started carrying a gun wherever he goes, and sometimes he cannot even get to work. It is so dangerous. Even when it is somewhat safe to go out, it is hard to get there. Gas is short and the lines are long. He was waiting in line overnight last week. We didn't know where he had gone. We were afraid that he had been kidnapped or killed. Even though we know he had nothing to do with sectarian violence or with terrorism, the American soldiers don't pay attention to that. They treat everyone the same. Men, women and children; they are dying every day with no questions asked until it is too late. These Americans seem to think corpses can talk, or that it is not too late once the bullet has pierced their hearts.
"My mother cannot work anymore, because of the danger of getting to the hospital. Sometimes she cries to think of all the people who die in that hospital without her to care for them. Its no comfort, but I think they would die anyway. The few that make it long enough to get there won't be around much longer. Mother takes comfort in cooking when she can, which is not very often because of the constant blackouts. We are down to just a few hours of electricity each day and the water pump goes out with the power. So when it is on we must hurry to fill every pail, pot pan, cup and even the bathtub. We cannot use the toilet inside because water is too precious to waste for flushing, so we have dug a latrine outside. I hate squatting in the dirt like an animal, but it is better than giving up bathing, or drinking water and the dust is everywhere because we can't spare water for cleaning.
"We have just received word from my brother, Majed. He used to be a translator for the Americans when they first came, but it became unsafe. He quit when a friend of his, another interpreter, was killed, but even eight months later he was being threatened. He tried to get help from the Americans, maybe even to move to America. He thought that since he had helped them, perhaps they would help him in return. But the American government said he was too much of a threat to let in. He fled to Syria, and we didn't hear from him until now. For many nights I prayed to Allah and thank Allah for his safety.
"My sister, Faiza, who is 10, can no longer go outside to play. She seldom goes to school. Father calls ahead to friends and neighbors to see if the road is clear. Even then they must turn back due to roadblocks. A few days ago my precious little sister watched as a car bomb exploded. The car was covered in pieces of flesh and blood. We do not have the water to clean it. She barely speaks anymore and when she thinks of her friends she cries; she is afraid they might be dead. I tell her not to think such morbid things, but I know there is a chance that they could be gone by now. It is needless to say that I hope they are all right.
"It may be many days before I can write again. Try not to worry about me, and when you can, send me more of your poetry. Your friend,
© 2017. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us | <urn:uuid:81200447-a793-448b-83bb-e778b275492c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://juneauempire.com/stories/071307/nei_20070713013.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00013-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989939 | 1,238 | 1.96875 | 2 |
[Katie explores two London shows that treat light in very different ways, from moonlit nature photographs to abstract, colorful glass sculptures — the artblog editors]
Light does much to connect us with the world. Its ricocheting rays tell volumes about what’s around us, from the expression on the face of a friend to the condition of a distant star. It’s little wonder, then, that light is an object of fascination and exploration for artists, who play with perceptions that most of us take for granted.
Darren Almond‘s long-exposure moonlight photos, now showing at White Cube, play explicitly with the idea of light as a variable medium, offering subtly and intriguingly different images to contrast the ones to which we are used. The sea becomes a cloud of probabilities; double-imaged leaves present a record of their fluttering in some midnight breeze.
Rooted on Earth, Almond reaches for the moon
One can feel time passing in these photographs, perhaps thanks to an awareness of the machine producing the image, or a subtle change in light from the moon’s progression in the sky. It’s interesting to become conscious of the mechanism of the eye, to consider the paths of light beams through that internal chamber, which tell us about movement and form.
This mechanism, however, is complicated by the form of these prints. The large regions of darkness in these prints become mirrors, and in some cases, the photographs themselves are obscured.
In the second series of photos, the standing stones on the Isle of Lewis, Scotland, show up crisp and detailed against a luminous cloudy sky. These stones are records of mankind’s remarkable drive to count and so control the passage of time; this precise recording of their visual form shows the heights that this control has reached.
In the same room, pairs of brass cylinders lie scattered across the space. Each cylinder represents an astronaut who has walked on the moon, its interior packed with lead to represent the astronaut’s relative weight. It’s a comment both on the ways that our bodies interact with the earth and the moon, and on the abstracting qualities of measurement.
The back wall of the show is dominated by three enormous panels, a vast tripartite of deep, veined, blue ice from the Perito Moreno Glacier, seeming to glow from thick silver frames. In the right hands, this stunning image also imparts information; the accompanying text explains that the blue color indicates the prehistoric nature of the ice, revealed thanks to humanity’s impact on the environment.
Lush glass sculptures play with light and shadow
Impressive in a very different way is the heavy load borne by the glass panels that form the roof of the pagoda-like structure at the centre of Dale Chihuly‘s show at Halcyon Gallery. Scattered across its surface are a menagerie of the intensely colored shapes for which Chihuly is known: trumpets, spires, and delicate shells that hover somewhere between the marine and the floral.
Under this carpet, the viewer is transfixed, constantly repositioning to find a new frame, watching and experimenting with the interplay of light and contrasting, combining color. Though the rest of the show is more traditionally presented, the investigation carries on in the subtleties revealed by the light cast greedily over the surfaces of the room. The lines of illumination, as in a swimming pool, reveal something of the form of the glass, each bump and ripple casting refractions in waves across the walls.
Most fascinating are the black-and-white pieces resting like underwater skeletons inset in a shining black cabinet. Here, the reflections go wild–intense contrasts rebounding but muted, the black edging a delineation of these fascinating explorations of pattern and interference.
Chihuly’s works are intensely magnetic; deep, red-orange cups, resting one inside the other, are reminiscent in their sumptuousness of Georgia O’Keefe’s semi-erotic flowers, warm and seductive. Chihuly’s standing in the fine art world is perhaps undermined by the enjoyable luxury of his work. He is often labelled a craftsman, a tag given to diminish the depth of his thinking. Where Almond’s works explore topics that leave the earth and investigate the processes that have allowed us to achieve such things, Chihuly seems firmly tied to the body.
Considering placement and medium
But though Chihuly’s work stays securely in the realm of the sensual, that does not render it superficial; rather, the sense of light and form that one can explore in walking around these objects allows an understanding of space that could not be expressed in words. Furthermore, the artist displays a perfect knowledge of the physicality of his medium, unlike Almond’s reflective photo-displays.
While Almond’s show is thought-provoking and profound, I feel that this kind of investigation may be better experienced in a publication like Fullmoon, a hardcover book published by the artist in March. While Chihuly’s works certainly center around an exploration of beauty, his works teach us just as much about perception and space, though perhaps by a route less shaped by concepts and words.
Darren Almond’s To Leave a Light Impression can be seen at White Cube in London, UK until March 12th, 2014.
Dale Chihuly’s Beyond the Object can be seen at Halcyon Gallery in London, UK until April 5th, 2014. | <urn:uuid:c1d597fd-aef8-46dc-a0e9-f5ee6eef74c9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theartblog.org/2014/03/united-in-light-darren-almonds-to-leave-a-light-impression-and-dale-chihulys-beyond-the-object-in-london/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00341-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943011 | 1,155 | 1.742188 | 2 |
This beautiful plant is also a much appreciated healing secret. For many herbalists, it's the preferred choice for anxiety.
Other Names: Granadilla, Maypop, Passion Vine
Passion flower is the dried aboveground parts (herb) of a member of the largely tropical American passion flower family.
The Passion flower, cultivated and sometimes grown as a house plant, was named by early missionaries in the early 1500s. They believed that several parts of the plant, including the petals, rays, and sepals, symbolized features of the crucifixion of Christ.
Passion flower was largely neglected until the mid-nineteenth century. It was introduced into medicine about 1840 by. L. Phares of Mississippi and by 1898 was in use by American physicians.
Passion Flower as an Herb for Medicinal Uses
The medicinal parts are the whole or cut dried herb and the fresh aerial parts. The yellow pulp from the berry is edible. Several other related species also have edible fruits or healing properties.
Passion Flower is approved by Commission E for treating nervousness and insomnia. When nerves are on edge, passion flower is a welcome remedy for many people.
Passion flower proves specially useful in the insomnia of infants and old people. It gives sleep to those who are laboring under the effects of mental worry or from mental overwork.
Formerly approved as an over-the-counter sedative and sleep aid, it was not recognized as effective by the US Food and Drug Administration in a 1978 review of nighttime sleep aids.
In European herbal medicine, passion flower products are used for nervous tension, especially in sleep disturbances or anxiety arising from restlessness. Recent research on passion flower indicates that several chemical components act together to cause these effects.
In addition, it is said to be of great service in epilepsy. Its narcotic properties cause it to be used in diarrhea and dysentery, neuralgia, and dysmenorrhoea.
Folk Medicine: Passion Flower is used internally for depressive states such as hysteria, general nervous agitation, insomnia and nervous gastrointestinal complaints. The herb is used externally for hemorrhoids and as a bath additive for nervous agitation.
Homeopathic Uses: Passion Flower is used for insomnia, convulsions and agitation.
The dried herb is generally available and is made into passion flower tea, tinctures, fluild extracts, and in Europe, sedative chewing gums.
Preparation: To make an infusion, pour 150 ml of hot water over 1 teaspoon herb and strain after 10 minutes. To make a rinse for the external treatment of hemorrhoids, put 20 gm drug into 200 ml simmering water, strain and use when cooled.
Tea: Pour 150 ml of hot water over 1 teaspoon of the herb and strain after 10 minutes. Drink 2 to 3 times throughout the day and one-half hour before bedtime.
External use: 20 gm of the herb in 200 ml simmering water. Strain and use when cool as a wash or rinse.
Culinary Uses for Passion Flower
Extract used to flavor alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages and in frozen dairy products. Passion fruit is edible, but seedy. It can be used to make jelly, but its best usage may come from being a food source for several species of butterfly and their larvae.
Passion flower contains minute amounts of harman alkaloids which can reduce the effects of antidepressants based on monoamine oxidase inhibitors. In Germany, passion flower preparations may contain no more than 0.01 percent of harman alkaloids. Otherwise, no side effects or contraindications are reported for the herb.
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Disclaimer: The herbal and health information provided in this Web Site is intended as information only. It is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. You should consult your health care professional for individual guidance. Persons with serious medical conditions should always seek professional care. If there is a link to a product in an article, a small commission of about 4 percent may be paid if a visitor to the site purchases the product. | <urn:uuid:01d0270d-face-4b19-aa53-c6af1a8d8802> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bellybytes.com/herbs/passionflower.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00237-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932177 | 843 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Open Enterprise Server (OES) and NetWare networks restrict access to network files and folders based on user accounts. For example, a user connected to the network using the Administrator account can delete or rename a file that other users can only open and edit.
The OES file system keeps track of the rights that users have to files and directories on the network. When users try to access any file on the network, Novell File Services (NFS) either grants access or prohibits certain things that users can do with the file.
For more information on the specific rights on NetWare and OES servers, see “File Services” in the OES Planning and Implementation Guide.
For additional information on file system attributes, see the File Systems Management Guide for OES.
Rights are granted and revoked by creating trustee assignments. For more information, see Section 5.2, Changing Trustee Rights. File rights apply only to the file that they are assigned to. The rights can be inherited from the folder that contains the file. Folder rights apply not only to the folder but also to the files and folders it contains.
This section explains the following: | <urn:uuid:4edf3516-3772-4c65-bd8b-a846af0c5fdc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.novell.com/documentation/windows_client/windows_client_admin/data/bvpvrfq.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00488-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89975 | 237 | 2.46875 | 2 |
ONE of Scotland’s best-known island visitor attractions is set to close its doors for at least 18 months for a multi-million-pound overhaul.
Brodick Castle on Arran, which was once home to one of Scotland’s wealthiest families, will get its biggest-ever makeover and will include holiday accommodation when it reopens in 2018.
Extensive fire safety works are to be carried out to protect the castle’s vast art collection, the biggest in the care of the National Trust for Scotland (NTS), which is responsible for the site, which it describes as the “quintessential Victorian Highland estate”.
Other work includes extensive roof repairs, the installation of a biomass heating system and the conversion of spaces on the top floor of the castle into four holiday apartments.
NTS is also pressing ahead with plans to generate micro hydro electricity at two sites in the vast grounds of the castle, as well as the creation of a new adventure playground at the site, Britain’s only island country park.
The work on the trust’s next big “signature project” is aimed at securing the long-term future of the castle, which sits in a striking location overlooking the Firth of Clyde and with the backdrop of Arran’s Goat Fell mountain.
The £5 million project is being planned more than half a century after NTS inherited the property from the Hamilton family, which had owned it since the early 16th century.
Trust officials believe the castle and its grounds have “outstanding heritage value” and have described its collection as being among the most significant in its care.
However, Scotland on Sunday revealed two years ago that a masterplan was being drawn up for Brodick Castle and the surrounding estate after it emerged they were being run by NTS at a loss of up to £450,000 a year.
A detailed masterplan has been drawn up since then and some elements have already been rolled out, including the installation of “camping pods” in the grounds, repairs to the gardens following an outbreak of the “sudden oak death” disease, and new polytunnels and allotment spaces.
The proposed closure is to run from October 2017 to March 2019.
The charity’s new chief executive Simon Skinner, who was appointed in May, has pledged that NTS will focus on increasing its current 347,000-strong membership, cutting operating costs and boosting fundraising efforts.
A spokeswoman for the trust said: “A huge range of planning and research work has taken place over the last few years to identify the scope and scale of opportunities at Brodick Castle.
“Next steps for the project are currently being planned as part of a wider review instituted by the chief executive in the last few weeks.
“Later this year our board of trustees will discuss the phasing of further activity at Brodick in the longer term, including the significant level of fundraising required.” | <urn:uuid:bf58f1cd-d915-4f6b-a01d-9cd4e8667fa4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.scotsman.com/heritage/people-places/brodick-castle-on-arran-to-close-for-5m-facelift-1-3933985 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00363-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97434 | 616 | 1.84375 | 2 |
If the Past Teaches, What Does the Future Learn? Ancient Urban Regions and the Durable Future is the product of three workshops organized by the Integrated History and Future of People on Earth (IHOPE) and hosted by the US National Science Foundation’s National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC) in Maryland, USA. Architects, regional planners, and landscape architects joined archaeologists and other scholars to explore how cities in the past can inform cities of the future.
The discussions encompassed ancient urban regions in Ethiopia, the Maya lowlands, Atlantic Europe, and Southern Mesopotamia, along with some modern cities with long histories. Durability, diversity, and flexibility were identified as common factors in analyzing how people adapted to changing circumstances. Long-lived cities, taken together with their regions, offer useful insights for current urban infrastructure and technology; highlight past social, economic and political experiments; and suggest that, in the future, diverse urban forms and flexible management strategies can better match shifting environmental conditions.
The book can be found via this permalink for download: https://doi.org/10.47982/BookRxiv.32
Soon the book is/will also be available as printing on demand via various platforms | <urn:uuid:13974966-3253-4a12-b56c-74a3fe40e58d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ihopenet.org/2022/07/18/new-book-if-the-past-teaches-what-does-the-future-learn/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573760.75/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819191655-20220819221655-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.9286 | 254 | 2.8125 | 3 |
According to the Fair Labor Standards Act, employers who conduct business with at least $500,000 in annual dollar volume of business must pay overtime to non-exempt employees -- those eligible for overtime under the act. Some employers who do not meet the aforementioned test may have to pay overtime to non-exempt employees if they participate in interstate commerce. The most important distinction for an employee is whether he is falls into either the exempt or non-exempt category.
The Fair Labor Standards Act
The U.S. Department of Labor regulates the Fair Labor Standards Act, or FLSA. This act defines who requires paid overtime and who is exempt. In addition to the definitions of exempt and non-exempt employee status, this legislation also provides a list of industries that may not need to comply with either the minimum wage or the overtime requirements provided by the act. Some of the industries which may be exempt include certain seasonal amusement park employees, farm workers employed on small farms requiring less than 500 man hours of labor per calendar year, seamen employed on foreign vessels, employees engaged in fishing operations, small newspapers and newspaper delivery people.
For classification as an exempt employee, your daily job duties and earnings must first meet a test pre-determined by the Department of Labor. The Department of Labor determines exempt status primarily on earnings. If an employee earns $455.00 per week, or $23,600 per year, he is exempt under the FLSA. This exemption makes him ineligible to earn overtime pay. Generally, those who conduct the majority of their business outside of an office, such as outside sales people, and certain computer technicians are exempt, regardless of their income level.
Non-exempt employees earn less than $455 per week or $23,600 per year and qualify for overtime pay. The FLSA requires employers to pay premium pay for overtime accrued by these individuals. Premium pay, as defined by the FLSA, is pay equal to time and a half of regular pay. Non-exempt employees often fall into the category of what are known as "blue-collar" jobs. However, some administrative assistants may qualify for overtime pay if their salaries do not meet the $455 per week test.
Although the FLSA does not require companies to pay overtime to employees who earn more than $455 per week, many companies do. For example, production workers at Bridgestone Firestone manufacturing who earn upwards of $23 per hour are non-exempt and earn time and a half for hours worked over 40 hours in any given work week. Clearly these employees exceed the test suggested by the Department of Labor, but the company provides this pay regardless of the law to recruit and maintain a skilled workforce. Many companies do this to prevent possible unionization of facilities and to maintain employee morale at their facilities. | <urn:uuid:fc5fe536-08d9-4950-aa00-27713bd487ab> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://legalbeagle.com/8134361-do-exempt-employees-paid-overtime.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00174-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959317 | 561 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Moscow, 3 November 1997 (RFE/RL) - Russia's upper house, the Federation Council, tomorrow examines the global ban on chemical weapons following approval by the lower house of parliament, the State Duma, last Friday.
This is the second step toward full ratification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) that Russia had signed in 1993, but had so far failed to ratify over deputies' concern over the funding of the dismantling procedure.
After a heated debate, the State Duma voted 288 to 75, with two abstentions, to approve the Convention, that bans the use, production, stockpiling and transfer of chemical weapons. Under the Convention, existing stocks must be destroyed by the year 2007.
Russia's estimated stockpile of 40,000 tons of chemical weapons is the largest in the world. According to official figures, it includes nerve gas that has been kept in ageing facilities for more than 50 years. Russian officials and environmentalists alike have said the stockpiles could turn into an environmental time-bomb if left to decay any longer. They say the situation is made more dangerous by the fact that existing, unsafe storage facilities are located near populated areas.
The United States's chemical arsenal is the second largest and amounts to 31,000 tons. The U.S. is among the 102 countries that have already ratified the convention, which went into force in April.
Russia is, so far, the only Permanent Member of the United Nation's Security Council not to have ratified the convention. President Boris Yeltsin, who supports the CWC, first urged the State Duma to ratify it in April, but without success. Legislators said Russia lacked the funds to meet requirements that chemical weapons and production facilities be destroyed within ten years.
Last week, submitting the text to the State Duma, for the second time, Yeltsin urged deputies to "take the correct decision." Yeltsin said Russia would have to get rid of it chemical arsenal "in any case," and insisted that joining the convention would qualify Russia for international aid for the destruction costs. According to Yeltsin "this aid must constitute one fifth of the overall dismantling expenses" which Russian officials estimated at $5 billion until the year 2005. First Deputy Prime Minister Boris Nemtsov put the figure at $6 billion. However, a comment in the "New York Times," after the Duma vote, said Western nations, including the U.S., have not committed themselves to providing as much aid as Russia has required.
First Deputy Foreign Minister Igor Ivanov hailed the Duma vote last week. He said that "this is a very important decision in the interests of Russia and in the interests of the world's stability."
Ivanov and General Staff head Anatoly Kvashnin were among the officials who urged Duma deputies to ratify the treaty. Kvashnin said chemical weapons, currently stockpiled in seven locations in Russia, "cannot be stored indefinitely." He told deputies in the Communist- and-nationalist-dominated Duma that "I am not being dramatic when I say that there is not much time before chemical substances start to leak in large quantities," and concluded that "to delay the issue is extremely dangerous."
But the most convincing argument came when the government said it was ready to earmark extra money for the destruction of chemical weapons, and gave lawmakers additional guarantees that Russia could pull out of the Convention should problems arise. In a letter to the Duma, Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin promised that the 1998 budget will include $86 million for destroying chemical weapons, up from the $13 million earmarked originally. However, Vladimir Lukin, chairman of the Duma's Foreign Affairs committee, and a supporter of the Convention's approval, admitted that, even with extra funding, the government will likely have difficulties financing the dismantling-and-destruction program.
In the draft law submitted on treaty ratifications, deputies voted to include a clause, reading, if Russia is faced with a threat to its national security, or if economic problems make impossible implementation of the treaty, Moscow could pull out.
Observers in Moscow say that following Yeltsin's and the government's financial assurances, approval of the convention in the Federation Council looks likely. Duma deputies belonging to some of the regions on the Volga, where the aging storage facilities are located, have already said they are encouraged by the fact that, according to government officials, 60 percent of the funds for dismantling are to go to infrastructure projects in the areas, where the chemical weapons are kept.
A Russian political observer, wishing to remain anonymous, told RFE/RL that he expects regional leaders, "well aware" that dismantling has to take place as soon as possible, to vote in favor of the ratification, as they "are concerned that otherwise the cost would have to be paid out of their troubled budgets."
Western specialists Friday hailed the Duma decision, and the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) has welcomed Russia's progress towards accepting a global ban, and said it hopes other countries will be inspired by the move.
However, problems remain. Russia's program for dismantling chemical weapons has been heavily criticized by environmental activists. Greenpeace Russia campaigner Ivan Blokov told our Moscow correspondent that "ratification of the convention and Russia's chemical weapons-dismantling program are two completely different issues." He said Greenpeace "welcomes" the Duma vote, but criticizes the fact that the government's dismantling program, prepared by the Ministry of Defense, "does not give details of the dismantling plans, and has not, so far, been reviewed by the government's own environmental experts, which is compulsory under Russian law.
"This lack of transparency," says Blokov, "gives grounds to assume that dismantling and disposal may not be carried out for at least the next two years, or that it could be carried out with unsafe technologies."
Russia's Foreign Ministry said that, if the Federation Council follows the State Duma and completes parliamentary ratification of the Convention, Moscow will participate next month in a conference of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons, as a full member. The Ministry said this is an important goal, as the conference will discuss verification measures, the conversion of chemical facilities and the organizations' budget for next year, the topic that most concerns Russia. | <urn:uuid:e0b3f59d-125a-4c58-9dcd-e0c4162e419d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rferl.org/a/1087125.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00081-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965321 | 1,295 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Miniature Zebu (Nadudana) Cattle
Miniature Zebu cattle originated in Sri Lanka, they are known to be one of the world’s oldest cattle breeds with their ancestry being traced back to 6000BC. They are true miniature breeds having evolved in nature without human intervention. They are now considered an endangered species in their homeland.
In 2008 2 unrelated bulls and 2 heifers were imported into New Zealand from a stud in the Snowy Mountains of Australia, with their bloodlines having been imported from the USA originally. As the breeding and grading up program began, numbers in New Zealand of purebred and graded up animals total less than 30 today.
Miniature Zebu cattle are very easy-care for, they are foragers, pretty much-eating anything, and can do very well on rough pasture and extra well on lush pasture. They do not require high fencing or yards. They have a high resistance to disease and tolerate extreme heat. In very cold temperatures they will make use of the shelter. They are a slow-maturing breed, calves are small so calving is usually trouble-free, and cows are very protective mothers. Calves are often born with lax tendons, so front legs appear bent at birth but straighten within a few days. On soft ground, adults may require hoof trimming.
Their breed standard states they should not exceed 42inches (107cm) at the shoulder. There is a large hump in bulls, just in front of the shoulders, this is not always highly developed in cows. They are a horned breed and have a moderately developed dewlap. Their ears are pointed, not pendulous and their tail is long and slender, whip-like. They can be any colour ranging from black, red, brown-grey, and white and can be brindled or spotted.
They are aesthetically pleasing to have in a paddock, they have a high conservation value now they are endangered in their native Sri Lanka. Due to their size, they have a much lower impact on farmland than larger breeds of cattle. They are fine-boned so they have a higher meat-to-bone ratio compared to traditional beef breeds. They have been proven to be 25-30% more feed efficient. Their milk contains the A2 milk protein. They are highly valued in the Hindu religion and their dung has many uses ranging from plant pot making to fuel.
There are only a handful of breeders currently in New Zealand building up a sustainable breeding population, heifers are all kept for breeding purposes, and there are occasionally bulls for sale upwards of $5000 each for buyers who are willing to start their own grading up program. | <urn:uuid:d99593b7-68e4-46d1-b599-abef5ff08ae1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lifestyleblock.co.nz/lifestyle-file/livestock-a-pets/cattle/miniature-zebu | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.970633 | 557 | 3.171875 | 3 |
NASA's final space shuttle to fly in space will be exhibited to the public in a facility that bears simply the retired orbiter's name, officials announced on Thursday (Feb. 21).
NASA's Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida, which will host the retired shuttle Atlantis, also revealed the logo for its new 90,000 square-foot, $100 million "Space Shuttle Atlantis" exhibit, which will be used on monument signage at the entrance and on a variety of retail merchandise, marketing and promotional materials when the building opens to the public on June 29.
"Although the multimillion-dollar interactive exhibit encompasses much, much more than the display of Atlantis, there is no denying she is truly the star of the show," said Bill Moore, chief operating officer of the visitor complex.
NASA retired its veteran shuttle fleet in July 2011, after Atlantis flew the 30-year shuttle program's 135th and final mission. The space agency then awarded the orbitersto museums and science centers in Virginia, New York and California, but decided to keep Atlantis for its own Florida spaceport public attraction.
NASA and Delaware North Companies Parks and Resorts, the company contracted by the space agency to operate the visitor complex at no taxpayer expense, worked with the St. Louis design firm PGAV Destinations to develop the name and logo for Atlantis' display.
Hundreds of name combinations were considered but the parties agreed that the name needed to convey "emotion, fun, excitement and inspiration," and should be easy for adults and children to understand, repeat and remember. Ultimately, the partners chose to go with a simple name that they felt resonated the most powerfully with guests: Space Shuttle Atlantis. [Rare Last Look Inside Shuttle Atlantis (Photos)]
"Space Shuttle Atlantis"
"We know that this majestic beauty, which safely ferried men and women to space and back on 33 successful missions, is the real reason that our guests will travel thousands of miles, across oceans and across continents to visit Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex to see her in all her glory," Moore said of Atlantis.
"There are no words to accurately describe the emotions and insights guests will gain when this attraction opens this summer, for there has truly never been anything like it before. Therefore, we decided to be true to the heart and soul of the exhibit and name it simply and reverently, 'Space Shuttle Atlantis,'" he said.
According to Mike Konzen with PGAV Destinations, the exhibit's logo was created using a gradient of fiery oranges to represent the space shuttle's launch and re-entry into Earth's atmosphere. These symbolic colors were also used in the metallic "swish" to represent the re-entry of the shuttle on the outside of the orbiter's new building.
The light-to-dark range in the logo's lettering is meant to convey the excitement and drama of the shuttle program while the iconic silhouette of the orbiter, or shuttle, is used to represent the "A" in Atlantis. The NASA insignia — or, as it is affectionately referred to, the "meatball" — serves as a reminder in the logo of the "pride and patriotism" in America's space program, while "Kennedy Space Center" pays tribute to the birthplace of the United States' spaceflight efforts and the launch site for each of the shuttle program's 135 missions.
Milestones moving forward
The visitor complex broke ground for the "Space Shuttle Atlantis" exhibit in January 2012. Atlantis itself was rolled the short distance from its former Kennedy Space Center processing facilities to its display facility 11 months later.
Thursday's reveal of the name and logo, as well as the opening date, marked the latest milestone since Atlantis arrived in the six-story building, was raised off the ground on its display pedestals and then was wrapped in plastic to protect it from gathering dust as the final construction of the building and exhibit continued.
The next milestone is scheduled to begin next month, with the installation of full-scale replicas of the shuttle external fuel tank and twin solid rocket boosters at the entry to the "Space Shuttle Atlantis" exhibit. These components of the space shuttle "stack" will serve as a gateway, with guests walking beneath the massive orange tank, which will be suspended 24 feet (7 meters) above the ground and will be mounted between the two white rocket boosters that reach 185 feet (56 meters) into the air.
Installation of the entryway structure is slated to be completed by June.
Construction continues on schedule inside the exhibit as well. In May, Atlantis will be uncovered from its protective shrink wrap. The orbiter's cargo bay doors will be opened and a full-scale model of the Hubble Space Telescope will be installed inside the building along with some 60 other exhibits and artifacts.
Atlantis' replica Canadarm robotic manipulator, or arm, will also be extended and suspended from the 115-foot tall (35 meter) ceiling.
The "Space Shuttle Atlantis" exhibit presents the shuttle at a tilt of 43.21 degrees, showcasing Atlantis as if it were in space. Guests will view Atlantis as only the astronauts from its 33 missions have previously had a chance to see it from their vantage aboard the International Space Station.
See shuttles.collectspace.com for continuing coverage of the delivery and display of NASA's retired space shuttles.
- Retro Space Pictures: Building Shuttle Atlantis
- Where to See America's Greatest Spaceships (Infographic)
- Space Shuttle Atlantis Rolls Out To New Home | Video
Copyright 2013 SPACE.com, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed. | <urn:uuid:9d7654bb-694f-4c8d-8987-c69f5cea40f3> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.yahoo.com/news/space-shuttle-atlantis-exhibit-gets-logo-opening-date-215149467.html?ref=gs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00479-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940533 | 1,157 | 1.890625 | 2 |
I have made a few discoveries after visiting over a dozen Ramsar Wetlands in Japan through participation in Ramsar Center Japan’s KODOMO (Children’s) Biodiversity activity in 2009 and 2010 and the current People, Wetlands, Wildlife (PWW) project. First, despite often sharing many common features, every wetland is unique. They vary in altitude, terrain, plant life, water levels, and average sunshine, for example. Second, as wetlands are often quiet and somber places, they tend to reflect your mood. If you enter a wetland in a bad mood I guarantee you will leave in a worse mood! 😊
Third, your evaluation of a wetland often changes over time. As the PWW articles are written from the perspective of a first-time inbound visitor to Japan, I am encouraged by the editorial staff to focus on my first impressions. In Year 1 of PWW, I entered some Ramsar sites knowing virtually nothing about them (And, given my generally poor grasp of geography, often not even knowing where I was…😊). This was not entirely due to laziness on my part, but also based on the desire of the editors to have me experience the wetlands without preconceptions.
To be honest, my first impression of Hizen Kashima-higata was not good. At high tide, it just appeared to be a muddy ocean with ducks floating on the surface and laver cultivation rods protruding in the background. Hizen Kashima-higata is an isolated location with no attractive scenery to serve as a distraction. The return visit at low tide did little to improve my opinion of the tidal flat. The water had receded to reveal a vast expanse of whitish stubs that I learned were tiny crabs (Apparently not very tasty as the few birds walking over the flat showed no interest in them) and mud. I must have been tired because I gave one of my shortest comments, and we quicky shut off the cameras and returned to our hotel.
However, months later, when I started writing the articles for the 3 Ariake Sea tidal flats, a funny thing happened. The articles for Higashiyoka-higata and Arao-higata, which I had viewed much more favorably, were surprisingly difficult to write. It was hard to remember key features and details. On the other hand, all sorts of memories and images started to pop into my head regarding Hizen Kashima-higata. I remembered the vast blanket of tiny crabs, the Alien-like Warasubo (Which I had refused to try at a local restaurant) and the thick mud that had inspired the creation of the mud skis.
I also recalled the ecological important of Hizen Kashima-higata in the Ariake Sea tidal flats. As the final resting spot for the silt and debris flowing in counterclockwise from the Ariake Sea, Hizen Kashima-higata requires regular cleaning and maintenance, making it the ‘filter’ for the area tidal flats. I also thought of the considerable effort that Kashima City residents make to clean the tidal flat in order to hold the annual “Gatalympic”. The Hizen Kashima-higata article practically wrote itself.
While it may be a stretch to say that “All wetlands are created equal”, I now think it is safe to say that ‘All wetlands are important!’. | <urn:uuid:1d3a09ad-1e16-4a78-bb24-ef25474973f5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://pwwj.org/blog/2021/06/01/second-thoughts-on-hizen-kashima-higata-the-character-actor%E3%80%80/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.96135 | 713 | 2.140625 | 2 |
I’m new to the site and I’m trying to learn to read Japanese for playing old video games that never got translated. I recently went to Japan for the first time and picked up some games and I’m excited to be able to play them. I was wondering if anybody had any recommendations on a game that has a decently low level vocab that would be good for somebody starting out.
Welcome to WaniKani and good luck!
Tofugu had an article on this once.
Depending on what level of ‘Beginner’ you are, I’d recommend some of the Wonderswan games such as Digimon Anode/Cathode Tamer. There’s not any Kanji there, but it’s pretty simple Japanese.
Pokemon games are pretty fun too, especially if you’ve already played in English.
Though it also depends on your grammar level.
There are some cool options in there, thank you so much!
My grammar is pretty non existent at the moment, I’m gonna try and grab a copy of Genki when I can afford it–it is weirdly expensive in Canada.
Yeah it’s super expensive in Australia too, so I know the feeling.
I’d recommend Bunpro as a grammar resource as well. It’s like WaniKani but for Grammar.
I would say, if you have a nintendo ds or 3ds, animal crossing in japanese sounds lovely.
Very low stress, and even if you don’t understand much of what the villagers are saying, that won’t stop you from making money and “progressing” in the game.
I do have a 3DS and have never tried Animal Crossing. Do you know if the NA cartridge has Japanese text? Or do I need a Japanese console/cartridge?
Oooo! I will check that out thanks!
That’s a good question, from what I’m reading online the 3ds NA version doesn’t seem to support japanese text. I’ll check my copy when I get home.
I have an old DS with a flashcard, so it can run games from any region.
Animal Crossing is on the Appstore & Playstore, for those wanting to play on their phones (for free)
If you’re talking about Animal Crossing Pocket Camp, it’s more of an AC-light game. There’s no village to explore, you just go to set areas and give the villager there the bug/fish/fruit/flower they want. Still could be fun language practice!
(BTW yes it’s a free game but they do try tempt you into micro-transactions with limited-time items so keep a strong grip on your wallet. )
This topic was automatically closed 365 days after the last reply. New replies are no longer allowed. | <urn:uuid:4c5efb6c-9de0-469a-aa88-19086cddaf89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://community.wanikani.com/t/best-games-for-beginners/37835 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.938361 | 648 | 1.820313 | 2 |
la farge : surf riding at papara, tahiti, 1891
Reminiscences of the South Seas
Doubleday, Page and Company,
Garden City, New York, 1901, page 318.
South Seas Sketchbooks 1890-191
Sketchbook Number 11,
Yale Art Gallery
drawings and landscapes, from his studies in Newport, show marked originality,
especially in the handling of color values.
He was a pioneer in the study of Japanese art, the influence of which is seen in his work and presented a lecture, "Hokusai: a talk about Japanese painting," in New York in 1897.
During his life,
LaFarge maintained a studio at 51 West 10th Street in Greenwich Village,
which now is part of the site of Eugene Lang College at the New School
He made extensive travels in Asia and the South Pacific, which inspired his painting.
He visited Japan in 1886, and the South Seas in 1890 and 1891, in particular spending time and absorbing the culture of Tahiti.
Henry Adams accompanied him on these trips as a travel companion.
He visited Hawaii in September of 1890, where he painted scenic spots on Oahu and traveled to the Island of Hawaii to paint an active volcano."
- John La Farge
Herve Magnificat notes: "Strangely, La Farge was travelling with historian Henry Adams, who didnít notice any surf in Tahiti at all, circa Sunday March 23 1891: '... Neither dance nor game have I seen or heard of; nor surf-swimming ...'
Adams, Henry: Letters
of Henry AdamsVolume 1. 1930.
Did he go with La Farge on Papara beach on April 7th morning?"
Adams' comment on
page 476, "neither dance nor game have I seen or heard of, nor surf-swimming,"
is often cited as evidence of the demise of surfriding inTahiti by the
end of the 19th century.
Cleary, Adams' comment is misleading.
Adams and La Farge
journeyed from Papeete to Papara, on the southern coast, on or about the
26th February, where they stayed for several days.
Here, Adams described the house of Tati, their host:
"The house stands flat on the seashore, and as I shook hands with Tati, and his old mother and his sister, I caught glimpses of an intense blue sea, through the open doors and windows behind; a sea that came close up to the grass, and had three lines of surf rolling in, through an opening in the reef, and rolling close up till they sent small waves into the entrance of the little river that flows close by the house." -pages 470-471.
While staying with
Tati, Adams was most impressed with "Old Mrs. Salmon" a elderly native
woman who "when she is inclined to talk, she tells us about pagan Tahiti;
old songs, superstitions and customs."
Importantly, she noted:
"the women ... no longer dance or swim on the reef.
Long ago, each district had its professional beauties who were carried about on malangas and matched with the professional beauties of other districts.
The great swells made songs for themselves, to be sung when they went out to show their figures by riding their planks on the surf.
No more beauties exist." -page 471.
At the end of the
month, Adams and La Farge travelled to Tautira, the residence of
Robert Louis Stevenson located on the south-east coast. Here, Adams, possibly
contemplating the stories of Mrs. Salmon, wrote that he had neither "seen
or heard of ... surf-swimming."
Dated 23rd March, it is conceivable that at this point neither he or La Farge had not observed surf riding.
This is perhaps not unexpected, given the ephemeral nature of suitable surf riding conditions.
The party returned to Papara in early April, Adams described the ceremonial opening of a newly constructed bridge on the 3rd, where "beyond, hardly a stone's-throw away, the surf rolling in miles of foam straight up to our hands." -page 478.
La Farge's report
of surf riding at Papara is dated 7th April, and describes girls swimming
in the mouth of a stream, presumably "the little river" near Tati's house,
while "the boys and one of the men ... were carried along the shore
leaning on their boards."
The comment, "the currents of the sea carried them past us looking on" seems to imply the surf riders were riding from the ocean into the mouth of the stream; on first arriving at Papara, Adams had noted the "small waves (rolling) into the entrance of the little river."
That these small waves were now large enough for surf riding, suggests that the outside swell on this day was significant.
Although Adams had
also returned to Papara (he wrote letters from Papara dated 4th and 8th
April), it appears he may not have been at the beach to witness the surf
However, it seems highly unlikely that it was not at least mentioned later in conversation by the travelling companions.
In preparing his letters for publication, Adams did not revise his earlier (premature) entry.
Importantly, Herve Magnificat also noted: "John La Farge also drew some sketches of Paparaís surfing children" and provided a link to Yale Art Gallery Online.
La Frage and Adams
in Tahiti, February 4 - June 5, 1891.
The following details were edited from
Hodermarsky: John La Farge's Second Paradise, Yale University Press, New Haven, 2010.
|La Farge and Adams
left Apia, Samoa, on 29 January aboard the steamer Richmond.
Arriving at Papeete on 4 February and unable to find hotel, they rent a small cottage.
Adams observes that the "imbecile" French administration suppresses many of the native customs, and appears to have superimposed much of French culture onto the Tahitians.
After three weeks
in Papeete, where they become familiar with many local identities, they
travelled by wagon on 24 February to pay their respects to Arii Taimai
(known familiarly as Hinarii).
On 27 February
La Farge and Adams left Papara for Tautira, on the eastern peninsula of
Taiarapu, arriving that evening.
Whereas Adams finds little to write about here, La Farge finds plenty of subject matter for his watercolors, including several studies of the reef at Tautira (Fig. 82 and 83).
They returned to
Papara on the 3 April, and during the week, both La Farge and Adams are
adopted into the Teva family and invested with land. This is a rarely
bestowed honor, as before them, only the Prince of Sweden received a Teva
On the 7 April, La Farge observes the locals surf riding and made several sketches in his notebook.
A watercolour, Women bathing in the Papara River, 1891 (Fig. 89), which appears to show some wave action at the river entrance, may have been painted at this time.
Two days later they
returned to Papeete and on 12 April, departed for Moorea, the westernmost
island of Tahiti.
Their stay is interrupted with news of possible passage by steamer to Fiji by way of Auckland, and they returned to Papeete on the 24.
Unable to secure a stateroom, they are forced to remain in Tahiti for another six weeks, residing at the United States Consulate.
During this time, Adams begins to record the biographies and Tahitian histories as related to them by Arii Taimai and her daughter, Queen Marau, and on May 16, they journey to Faa (west of Papeete) for a traditional Tahitian feast at the home of Queen Marau.
By the end of May, Marau's memoirs are almost complete, and La Farge and Adams both write of their growing friendship and enjoyment of
the Teva-Salmon family.
On June 3 they departed
for Hitiaa, on the eastern coast of Tahiti, and en route stop at Papara
to enjoy a last breakfast with the Teva-Salmons.
Two days later La Farge and Adams embarked for Fiji aboard the Richmond.
Papara, April 7th 1891.
This is a land
where to live would have made you happy.
Outdoors and in the water, and in no compulsory dress, would have been your usual way of passing a great part of the time.
I thought of you while I looked this morning at the children playing in the water of the little river, or in the surf that rolls into it or along the shore.
The girls, little wee things, swam in the stream near its mouth, where it is safe, and plunged in and out, and swam under water, their feet and backs showing within the light and dark of the currents; for the river has been very full, and the surf and tide have been heavy, so that the children take their turn with the current.
The boys were out in the surf, on the border of which occasionally the girls played, edging sideways to it, and running back with swinging arms.
The boys and one of the men plunged out with surf boards, ducking under or riding over the waves that did not suit them; then turning just before the wave that suited, they were carried along the shore leaning on their boards.
The currents of the sea carried them past us looking on.
Of course they knew all about them, and
rough as the surf
was, one of them had got past one of the lines of the breakers and tried
fishing in some bottom both higher and less vexed.
It was a pretty sight, the brown limbs and bodies all red in the sun and wet, coming out of the blue and white water like red flowers.
The girls were yellower more golden than the boys- less tanned I suppose.
Yale Art Gallery
While the sketches
appear to be upside down in the sketchbook, they are rotated in the enlarged
Unfortunately, it appears La Farge did not incorporate any of the surf riding sketches into the many paintings he made of Tahiti.
The images below are cropped and darkened to enhance the detail.
"He also painted some studies of reef waves in Tahiti, but without any surfer :
Two Studies Of Surf Breaking On Outside Reef Tautira Taiarapu Tahiti-March1891."
Riding the surf
Waves all in light ??? green & white
Papara - surf swimming
Women bathing in Papara River, 1891.
Watercolor and gouache,
25 1/2 x 23 1/2 in.
(64.8 x 59.7 cm).
Collection of Jean and Alvin Snowiss.
Note that this watercolour appears to show some wave action at the river entrance.
Reminiscences of the South Seas
Doubleday, Page and Company,
Garden City, New York, 1901.
John La Farge's Second Paradise:
Voyages in the South Seas, 1890-1891.
With essays by Henry
Yale University Art | <urn:uuid:403d74f4-8837-4620-a94b-5d3ced5d78a6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.surfresearch.com.au/1891_LaFarge_Papara_Tahiti.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.955966 | 2,710 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Airplane men sniff at the idea that passengers would actually choose 15 minutes crammed into a hatch and a kidney-thumping vertical return to earth, compared to their suspense-building two-hour ascent to the heavens, Learjet-like interiors, and the ease of alighting on wheels rolling down a runway.
The surest sign that the personal spaceflight revolutionaries are onto something may come from their favorite whipping boy, NASA. In a telling exhibition of if-you-can’t-lick-’em-join-’emism, Brant Sponberg, who manages a new NASA program to sponsor X-Prize–style derbies (see “Going Up?” p. 58) joined Diamandis on the Las Cruces airport ramp to announce two: a Suborbital Payload Challenge, which will demand a flight “much higher” than SpaceShipOne’s 100 kilometers, and one for analog lunar landers.
This momentum for private space companies will not long escape the attention of restless venture capitalists, guesses Aneel Pandey, one more cashed-out dot-com’er who has recycled part of his gains into XCOR. “People in the investment community go through stages,” he explains. “There was tech, then house-building. Eventually they will cycle into space exploration.”
That doesn’t mean, though, that anyone is close to ready with a reusable edge-of-space ship built to a commercial budget and offering the comfort and reliability expected by super A-list passengers. “There’s not one big thing left to be done, there’s a thousand little things,” comments XCOR’s Greason, who, Quarter Pounders on Mars aside, is one of the industry’s more thoughtful figures. “Most of all we need flights. If you’re going to say that your system fails less than one time in a thousand, you’d better have 1,000 flights under your belt.”
Potential patrons view space travel as less risky than skydiving or mountain climbing, according to the most frequently cited marketing study in the field, conducted by Virginia-based consultant Futron Corp. While rocketeers from every faction cite the 2002 Futron study as proving potential profitability, the group’s conclusions—based on surveying 450 Americans, each with a net worth in excess of $1 million—are in fact quite modest. Futron projected suborbital passenger volumes creeping up to 2,000 a year only six years after the first flights, which the group optimistically predicted would fly in 2006 and at a pre-Branson cost of $100,000. Those numbers might support two or three moderately profitable spacelines, but will hardly spin off the capital to ignite FAA booster Nield’s vision of “hundreds of manufacturers producing thousands of aircraft.”
And Futron did not even try to factor in the accident that everyone agrees is a certainty sooner or later, the neo-Challenger images of conflagration that will likely be the first serious attention most of the world pays to space tourism.
Peter Diamandis, a man not often left without a comment, says he knows exactly what he will say when the world press comes battering his door after the first fatalities. “I’ll tell them that space is the greatest frontier standing before humanity,” he intones. “That I’m thankful that thousands of people gave their lives to open the American West and other earlier frontiers. That if they don’t want to take risks to be a part of this, they had better stay out of it.”
But first, let’s have a launch. | <urn:uuid:f8bcf189-45a5-4e8f-8c90-7881f9fc08f1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.airspacemag.com/space/go-ballistic-11373944/?page=3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00172-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929428 | 791 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Terry and Roxanne Wilson kept diaries of all of their over 4,000 trips in more than 50 years in pursuit of Lepomis machrochirus, the true bluegill. There were successes and many failures, but each step in their learning process led to better understanding and improved fish-catching in all conditions and seasons. Now you can benefit from their experiences to increase both the numbers and sizes of the bluegill you catch. Illustrated by Lefty Wilson. The book is softcover and 150 pages. $24.95 each. | <urn:uuid:e4b1d576-c17e-4715-ba72-595c90c00478> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://breambugs.com/product/diaries-fly-fishing-chronicle-terry-roxanne-wilson/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.966414 | 113 | 1.515625 | 2 |
The area of financial solutions is a varied one. It incorporates a wide array of transactions, including business share sales, funding settlements, and investment funds. The market is also identified by high degrees of law, that make it a complicated and also challenging field to work in. Listed below are some of the most popular fields in the monetary sector. Allow’s take a more detailed check out each one. Below’s a look at a few of the significant sub-fields.
Applied mathematics is the branch of mathematics largely interested in the monetary markets. It concentrates on asset-backed safety and securities, insurance mathematics, and also quantitative portfolio administration. Various other branches of the area are financial, financial investment advisory, and property brokers. This discipline includes making use of partial differential formulas and also simulation to recognize just how these markets run. This short article discovers a few of the most preferred fields within economic services. Further, it highlights one of the most vital topics in the field. Additionally, it uses a general introduction of related areas and supplies examples of applications.
Applied finance handle how funds circulation from savers to individuals. It includes banking, insurance coverage, and also measurable profile management. Many of the methods created by economic supervisors are utilized in the prices, threat, as well as hedging of asset-backed safeties and also federal government securities. Moreover, these managers make use of computer system modeling and also partial differential formulas to model the financial problems of various kinds of businesses. This type of self-control is necessary to help businesses make decisions and plan in advance.
Applied math is worried about financial markets. A few of its locations of research study consist of measurable profile monitoring, insurance policy, and insurance policy. Among its applications are pricing, hedging, and also insurance of government and also asset-backed protections. These strategies use the partial differential equations and simulation to resolve troubles in the field. The underlying math behind the economic solutions business is mostly stemmed from mathematical equations. Its applications prevail, and also it is important to recognizing the nuances of these applications.
Applied money is worried about financial markets. It includes insurance coverage math, investment financial, and also measurable profile management. Some techniques are utilized in the pricing and hedging of government as well as asset-backed securities. These devices consist of simulation as well as using partial differential formulas and various other statistical techniques. They can likewise be made use of to assess monetary data, examine markets, and take care of risks. Several of the more common types of financial math include the study of stats and also mathematical models.
Applied money connects to business of monetary services. A few of its primary emphasis locations include property monitoring and finance. Some of the most common instances of these methods are insurance coverage maths, derivatives, measurable portfolio management, and safeties trading. A few of these strategies are used to worth possessions as well as determine the cost of government bonds. They are utilized in hedging, appraisal, as well as threat administration. If you intend to find out more regarding the area of financing, take into consideration pursuing a PhD in it.
Applied mathematics concentrates on financial markets and also consists of insurance coverage mathematics and measurable portfolio monitoring. In other locations of finance, techniques are made use of in federal government and also asset-backed protections, and economic engineering has actually ended up being a prominent area in business world. It also includes using numerous mathematical devices to anticipate the future. As an example, a capitalist can calculate how much they must buy a specific item making use of the same version. Applied finance can be utilized to design facility mathematical designs that choose on financial investments.
Applied math is a significant area of finance. It focuses on the procedures that direct funds from investors to financial entities. Several of these techniques include insurance as well as quantitative portfolio administration. Along with insurance policy and also monetary engineering, money is also concerned with assessment, possession appropriation, as well as risk management. A student with a level in this field may be able to pursue a profession in the field of finance. For example, a level in business economics might entail working in a financial company, evaluating a company’s performance, or speaking with a professional in a specific field.
The field of finance is likewise known as monetary science. It involves various locations of used mathematics, consisting of the research study of economic markets. These self-controls commonly include insurance maths, quantitative profile management, and risk-based analytics. They likewise concentrate on the rates, hedging, and credit rating of asset-backed protections. A grad of a financing program will certainly recognize with these subjects. It might consist of a specialization in accounting. In addition to studying accounting, a pupil will certainly have the ability to apply their understanding in financing.
The role of financial services is vital for the economic climate. As a result, the monetary industry supplies important services to services and also people in all walks of life. The monetary market has actually ended up being a substantial part of the economic situation, however many people are still uninformed of the many advantages of this career. They may not know with the terms made use of to explain finance. It is, nevertheless, important to recognize exactly how to use these solutions. It is vital to understand what types of monetary services are readily available and also to understand exactly how they function.
There are a variety of sorts of monetary services. There are numerous kinds of solutions. Those in the private sector give financings. A few of them are available available online. These services are supplied by private companies, while those in the general public field are given by governments. Those that offer these items can find them online. If you are a local business owner, you can also use this solution to make payments. In this manner, you can spend more in the financial solutions of your option.
There are numerous advantages to financial services. They permit organizations to expand the way they use funds. For example, they can use these services to purchase shares of supplies and bonds, while a business that offers consumer items can leverage their sales as well as earnings. On top of that, financial solutions additionally supply funds for startups. As a result, these are useful possessions for businesses. The appropriate kind of solution can help your organization grow. This solution can be a substantial assistance to your organization.
The kind of services you use relies on the type of solutions you need. A great service will provide a number of various kinds of economic solutions. Several of the most usual are: mortgages, insurance coverage, and stock broking. Aside from home mortgages, finance involves a wide variety of transactions. Even more, it supplies financial investment opportunities for services. The procedure of acquiring these services is vital for a firm’s total health. financière systems para: Supplying economic solutions is an essential part of any kind of nation’s financial development. They allow firms to expand their use of funds and produce a more vibrant economy. This ensures that they get sufficient financing for their tasks. These services will help firms boost their production and reap even more revenues. Discover more
The economic industry is an integral part of any kind of nation’s economic situation. Whether a business is investing in stock or a bond, it will benefit from these services. By expanding its use funds, firms can expand their service operations, which consequently boosts production as well as earnings. This will help them make more cash. If it’s not, it will likely need to invest in an asset that can sustain its future growth. In the meantime, they’ll pay back their debts by ensuring that their profits are high sufficient to cover costs. | <urn:uuid:a5c9d6a1-c5ac-4911-8278-6ff62d3a90ae> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://jaredfosterfilms.com/2022/03/31/what-will-financial-be-like-in-the-next-half-a-century/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.967354 | 1,550 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Contao Open Source CMS Books & Videos
Here you will find various Contao resources that have been published over the years. No matter whether you prefer to read a book, watch a video, or take an online tutorial, here you will find what you need. Many thanks to all authors, directors, publishers, producers, and other contributors for their support and hard work. I hope this section will expand as the Contao projects grows.
So far, Contao books are available in German only. However we are constantly looking for authors, translators, and publishing companies from other countries who want to make a Contao book available in their language. If you are interested, please contact us for more information.
Spoken by Christian Feneberg
Get startet with the online courses of the Contao Academy and learn step by step how to create websites with Contao. New videos are provided on a regular basis, so you can permanently improve your Contao skills and get your projects done faster.
Websites erstellen mit Contao
Written by Peter Müller
Peter Müller offers many practical examples of how to install, configure, and maintain Contao. His inimitable style guarantees a quick and successful training session, as well as ample entertainment. It has never been easier or more fun to learn a Content Management System!
Spoken by Harry Boldt
The video training introduces the basic concepts of Contao, and shows you how to install the system, set up the site structure, configure modules, generate content, and create complex websites. The DVD includes the theme that is being developed during the training.
Das offizielle Contao-Handbuch
Written by Leo Feyer
The official Contao book has been written by Leo Feyer, the Contao founder and core developer, and published by Addison Wesley in August 2008. It covers all important topics from installing Contao to customizing the system, and includes a custom front end template.
Mit Contao Webseiten erfolgreich gestalten
Written by Thomas Weitzel
This book gives you an introduction to Contao and how to successfully create websites with the Open Source Content Management System. It includes practical examples of navigation menus and image galleries, as well as two websites that show you step by step how to set up a Contao project.
Contao für Redakteure
Written by Nina Gerling
This book is intended for professional online editors in a mid-size business or association, as well as administrative assistants/office managers who maintain the company's website in addition to their regular work. It also includes individuals who create content for their private website.
Contao - Das umfassende Praxisbuch
Written by Anne-Kathrin Merz
This book not only provides a practical, comprehensive introduction to Contao, but also describes advanced techniques, such as individual themes and design questions. Besides technical tasks, the book also conveys strategic considerations and tips and tricks.
Das Contao Live Update
This video shows you the new Contao live update 2.0. You learn how the update process is running and how you update your Contao installation to a specific version. | <urn:uuid:d941a225-edc7-457d-a45f-d2b7227e2733> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://contao.org/en/books-and-videos.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00497-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.874121 | 659 | 1.609375 | 2 |
“People do not decide their futures, they decide their habits, and their habits decide their future,” says F.M. Alexander.
One of my all-time favorite quotes.
1: This week we are exploring the different components of philosopher Brian Johnson‘s formula for self-mastery. Our goal is to use “our willpower wisely to install habits that run on autopilot.”
Self-Mastery = Willpower + Habits + Algorithms.
Yesterday, we examined what role willpower plays. We tend to think that willpower is the key to making positive change in our lives. And while it is part of the equation, the power of habit is far more important.
“You’ll never change your life until you change something you do daily. The secret of your success is found in your daily routine,” John Maxwell writes.
In his terrific book The Compound Effect, Darren Hardy writes: “What people don’t realize is that these small, seemingly insignificant steps completed consistently over time will create a radical difference.”
2: So, how do we create new and better habits?
It’s as simple as A, B, C, Brian suggests.
A is the anchor: After I do ______
B is the behavior. Then, I will _____
C is the celebration. Then, I will celebrate by ______
We map it out. We are intentional. We do it by design.
It begins with A, or the anchor. To create a new habit or eliminate an old, unproductive habit, we must understand the role of triggers.
We’ll focus first on installing a new habit. We begin by finding an existing behavior or action. Something we are already doing. That becomes a trigger for the new behavior.
Here’s a simple example. My doctor suggested I start taking vitamins that need to be taken with food. Every day, I eat lunch. That’s my trigger. Every time I go into the kitchen to make lunch, I take the vitamin bottles off the shelf and put the vitamins on my napkin.
The first couple of days required a bit of willpower. I wrote myself a note in my Bullet Journal. I wrote a reminder on a post-it note. I told myself I didn’t want to forget. The anchor (A of A,B,C) was lunch, an existing behavior, something I already do every day.
B is the behavior itself. Take the vitamins off the shelf. Put them on the napkin. After I finish lunch, take the vitamins.
B.J. Fogg, a behavioral scientist at Stanford University and author of the wonderful book Tiny Habits suggests the new behavior should be small initially. He suggests we go tiny. We want to remove the friction. Make it easy to win.
Let’s say we want to do push-ups first thing in the morning after we wake up (part of my morning routine). We begin with one or two push-ups. Not twenty. Not the maximum number we can do.
We make it easy. So it would be silly not to. One minute. Or less.
Brian observes we don’t create habits for when we feel motivated. We create habits for when we are the least motivated. We start with the tiniest behavior we can think of.
Install. Then, optimize.
Tiny. Then, transformative.
To create a new habit, we focus on A, the anchor, B, the behavior, and then C for celebration.
Celebrating may feel odd at first, but B.J. tells us it is the key to installing new habits. It is the first thing he would teach us. Celebrate immediately and intensely. It can be as simple as pumping our fist. Or, pausing to feel the joy of the moment. We can say, “Yes!” or “That’s like me!” one of Brian’s favorite expressions.
Our goal is to link our behavior to a celebration.
Celebrating is a skill we can get better at. We can practice the art and skill of celebrating.
3: How do we delete a habit?
Same A, B, C formula. We focus on A the anchor, B the behavior, and C the celebration.
We start by seeking to understand the prompt or anchor. What is the trigger that leads us to do the behavior we want to delete?
Then, we remove the prompt, the trigger, the cue. We make it harder.
So, he removed the remote control from the coffee table. He put it in a box on the top shelf of his closet. He made it harder to watch TV.
Prompts are the invisible drivers in our lives. Out of sight. Out of mind.
Brian tells us to play offense, not defense. It’s much easier to avoid temptation than to try to resist it.
What’s one extra step we can add to make the behavior harder to do? How can we increase the degree of difficulty?
If we want to eat less junk food, don’t buy it at the grocery store.
Think about what the trigger is. And remove it.
Reflection: Reflect on the one habit I could start or stop which would have the greatest impact on my life.
Action: Commit to starting it. Today. | <urn:uuid:42afa9cc-8de1-4830-a360-dd08e4101c20> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://risewithdrew.com/how-the-abcs-can-change-our-life/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.930337 | 1,144 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Like the satyr in his language too; for he uses the commonest words as the outward mask of the divinest truths.
A satyr lifts her vest, while Silenus and other figures look on in admiration.
These were supported by quaint heads of satyr, martyr, or laughing triton.
The mattock and the plow Will take the place of Pan and satyr now.
Presently the moon rising shows a satyr, one of the beings with whom the ancients peopled the forests and wild places.
The savage and the satyr might have beheld, and been awed into reverence.
A day or two afterwards, the satyr fell in with his unsuspected enemy.
You yourself will not deny, Socrates, that your face is like that of a satyr.
satyrī′n, the argus butterflies; satyr′ium, a genus of small flowered orchids; Sat′yrus, the genus of orangs—simia.
And this is what I and many others have suffered from the flute-playing of this satyr.
woodland deity, companion of Bacchus, late 14c., from Latin satyrus, from Greek satyros, of unknown origin. In pre-Roman Greek art, a man-like being with the tail and ears of a horse; the modern conception of a being part man, part goat is from Roman sculptors, who seem to have assimilated them to the fauns of native mythology. In some English bibles used curiously to translate Hebrew se'irim, a type of hairy monster superstitiously believed to inhabit deserts.
hairy one. Mentioned in Greek mythology as a creature composed of a man and a goat, supposed to inhabit wild and desolate regions. The Hebrew word is rendered also "goat" (Lev. 4:24) and "devil", i.e., an idol in the form of a goat (17:7; 2 Chr. 11:15). When it is said (Isa. 13:21; comp. 34:14) "the satyrs shall dance there," the meaning is that the place referred to shall become a desolate waste. Some render the Hebrew word "baboon," a species of which is found in Babylonia. | <urn:uuid:22f4ef44-6fa4-42a3-957e-40f24d65254f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.dictionary.com/browse/satyr | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719784.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00426-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956895 | 480 | 3 | 3 |
Nick Dawson, MHA, is co-founder of the Emergency Design Collective, a recently formed venture aimed at creating a more human-centered healthcare system through design with patients, communities, and providers. Mr. Dawson has previously worked as a design and innovation leader at health systems such as Kaiser Permanente and Johns Hopkins. He has also been involved in Stanford’s MedicineX and the Society for Participatory Medicine, and he has an active Twitter presence.
In this episode, Mr. Dawson and I talk about the value of human-centered design and why it is necessary for constructive and cost-effective healthcare innovation. We look at some of the barriers and imperatives for designing solutions that meet the health needs of patients and families while also creating supportive, human-centered work environments for healthcare team members. Finally, Mr. Dawson shares his vision for a more health-centered future that moves beyond the traditional walls of healthcare institutions.
Links Related to Mr. Dawson’s Podcast | <urn:uuid:396f369e-ac31-4483-a031-48492447e96d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.vocera.com/podcast/Nick-Dawson | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.966361 | 205 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Born: December 22, 1883; Paris, France
Died: November 6, 1965; New York, NY
Despite his output of only slightly more than a dozen compositions, Edgard Varèse is regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the twentieth century. His concept of "organized sound" led to many experiments in form and texture. He was constantly on the lookout for new sound sources (working throughout his life with engineers, scientists and instrument builders), and was one of the first to extensively explore percussion, electronics,Read more and taped sounds. He was, as Henry Miller called him, "The stratospheric Colossus of Sound."
Varèse spent his early childhood in Paris and Burgundy. His father wanted him to study math and engineering in preparation for a career in business. However, Varèse pursued music, studying at the Schola Cantorum with Albert Roussel and Vincent d'Indy and at the Paris Conservatoire with Charles Marie Widor. Varèse moved to Berlin in 1907, in part to meet Ferruccio Busoni; Varèse had been impressed with Busoni's Sketch for a New Aesthetic in Music (1907), which anticipated many of Varèse's own later explorations. Unfortunately, of the music Varèse wrote during that time, only one song survives. The other manuscripts were destroyed in a warehouse fire.
Unable to find regular work, Varèse moved to the United States in 1915, becoming a U.S. citizen in 1926. The first work he completed after the emigration is in fact titled Amériques, an extroverted celebration of his new life. In addition to composing, Varèse promoted new music through the establishment of his New Symphony Orchestra in 1919, the International Composers' Guild in 1921, and the Pan American Society in 1926. He continued to have difficulty making money, though, and spent some time as a piano salesman; he also made a brief appearance in a 1918 John Barrymore film.
Varèse maintained his connection with Europe, and had an extended stay in Paris between 1928 and 1933 during which he continued his sonic explorations and heard many of his works performed. In 1931 he completed Ionisation, a notorious piece for thirteen percussionists playing about forty different instruments. Back in the U.S., he attempted to get Bell Telephone and others interested in creating a center for electric instrument research. The failure of that project led to an extended depression. Over the next ten-plus years, Varèse completed only one work, Density 21.5 for solo flute, spending the time teaching (at Santa Fe's Arsuna School of Fine Arts, Columbia University, and Darmstadt) and thinking about what new direction his music should take.
The anonymous gift of an Ampex tape recorder in 1953 was the motivation Varèse needed. He set to work on the tape portion of his work Déserts, which was premiered in Paris in 1954 in a concert which was broadcast live in stereo, the first stereo music broadcast ever in France. He was involved with several film projects, writing music for documentaries on Léger and Joan Miró. He also wrote the Poème électronique for tape for Le Corbusier's pavilion at the 1958 Brussels exhibition, where Varèse's music was heard through more than 400 loudspeakers, accompanied by Le Corbusier's visuals.
Varèse and his music received much attention in the 1960s. His works were widely performed, recorded and published, and he received honors from the National Institute of Arts and Letters and the Royal Swedish Academy. He also won the first Koussevitzky International Recording Award in 1963. But Varèse wrote little music during these last years. His final work, the unfinished Nocturnal (with text by Anaïs Nin), was performed at a tribute concert in 1961 and completed years later by composer Chou Wen-chung. Read less
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ShopClass Sketchup: Part 2 shows you how to quickly and easily re-size even the most complex plans. The video lessons from this download build on the skills learned in ShopClass Part One. You'll learn the magic of copying instead of drawing and the art of making changes. You'll be able to print detailed parts lists and full-sized templates. You'll know the exact sizes of every part and how the parts go together even before you cut the wood! Add accurate details such as dovetails, raised panels and cope-and-stick-joints to your projects.
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The reason something will end or die; something causing ruin: Interviewing with them could be the kiss of death
The Dictionary of American Slang, Fourth Edition by Barbara Ann Kipfer, PhD. and Robert L. Chapman, Ph.D. Copyright (C) 2007 by HarperCollins Publishers. Cite This Source
Idioms and Phrases with kiss of death
kiss of death
An action or relationship that is ultimately ruinous. For example, Some regard a royal divorce as a kiss of death to the monarchy. This term alludes to the betrayal of Jesus by Judas Iscariot, who kissed him as a way of identifying him to the soldiers who came to arrest him (Matthew 26: 47–49). It dates only from about 1940 but was previously called a Judas kiss. | <urn:uuid:7178ae3b-5921-4846-adfb-b3f2a9b4ff63> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dictionary.com/browse/kiss-of-death | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00448-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948567 | 166 | 2.09375 | 2 |
WASHINGTON, February 7, 2014—The Sochi winter Olympics will open on Friday with the opening ceremonies to show off Vladimir Putin’s Russia and the most expensive games in history.
In a surprising choice the Russian pop group tATu is expected to perform their pseudo-lesbian act, with a song about two schoolgirls in love.
The homosexual personas displayed by the duo are believed to be simply a stage show and not based on true romantic feelings, and tAtu has never done anything to champion gay right.
The musicians are an interesting choice for Friday’s showcase event considering the recently passed Russian law banning propaganda of non-traditional sexual relations which makes it illegal to verbally consider gay relationships equal to that of heterosexual relationships. It also makes it illegal to speak of or distribute any information on gay rights.
The new law, which was signed by Putin and became effective in June 2013, has come under criticism around the globe with reactions ranging from street protests in Brussels displaying photos of Putin as a devil to President Obama not attending the opening ceremonies but instead sending a delegation of homosexual athletes in his place.
Rumors of tATu’s performance began after fans started sharing photographs of Yulia Volkova and Lena Katina rehearsing in Sochi and Volkova started tweeting pictures of herself with some Olympic athletes.
It was reported by The Guardian that earlier this week, Katina had complained about the Sochi officials on her Twitter account, writing “The organisation is horrible … They’re treating the artists like s**t!!!” The posts regarding the Sochi officials have since been removed from the account.
Throughout their musical careers, tATu have portrayed bisexuality, homosexuality and underage sexuality. Wearing schoolgirl outfits, kissing and showing physical affection for each other.
In 2013, after Volkova became pregnant critics accused the girls of being “fake”. The young women responded to the accusation by explaining that they had never claimed to be in a relationship but that they do support the LGBT community and their rights.
The Sochi winter Olympics’ opening ceremony will begin at 11:00 a.m. EST Friday, February 7, 2014 but will be replayed in the United States at 7:30 p.m. on NBC.
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Sintra is a fairytale town outside Lisbon, Portugal, that looks like a fantasy kingdom or an ethereal and enchanted forest. It has bewitched visitors and poets throughout history, with Lord Byron calling it a “glorious Eden” and Robert Southey describing it as "the most blessed spot on the whole inhabitable globe."
This is where the Celts worshiped the moon, the Moors built their "great wall," and royalty erected their dream palaces. The most spectacular of those is Pena Palace, looking like a Disney extravagance but an actual royal residence from the 1800s. Other almost surreal constructions include Quinta da Regaleira, the Capuchos Convent and Monserrate Palace, plus fountains and waterfalls further adding to the mystical atmosphere whose spell no one is able to resist.
All together, those constructions resulted in Europe's first center of Romantic architecture, and it is now a World Heritage Site (it was the first "cultural landscape" in Europe to be listed by UNESCO).
Just outside the center of town is Cabo da Roca (the westernmost point of the European continent) and some stunning beaches. Their golden sand is nestled between cliffs and their powerful waves attract surfers and bodyboarders.
Sintra Highlights - 3 Reasons to Go
- UNESCO World Heritage Site with an enchanting atmosphere
- European capital of Romanticism, with fairytale palaces and castles
- Beautiful wild beaches on Europe's westernmost coast
What You Need to Know Before You Go to Sintra
- You need to be patient - In a World Heritage Site with so many marvelous monuments, you can obviously expect crowds. You’ll be standing in line to board the bus that goes up the mountain to Pena Palace, you’ll wait for quite some time by the entrance of the top attractions, and even at the train station in Lisbon to get your train tickets. To know how to avoid the crowds and skip lines, see the Sintra sightseeing guide.
- Its attractions are more expensive than Lisbon's - High tourist demand means higher prices. Tickets to Sintra’s monuments are more expensive than even those to Lisbon’s top attractions, and the Lisboa Card does not offer free admission (it does, however, offer discounts at the main palaces and free rides on the Lisbon-Sintra train).
- Spring and late summer are the best times to go - The best times to visit Sintra are in the months of May, June and September. That’s when the days are longer and sunnier, but without the bigger summer crowds. Although it’s never freezing, it can be cold and wet in winter.
- Temperatures are lower than in Lisbon - Due to its high elevation and microclimate, Sintra is always 2-to-5 degrees cooler than Lisbon. It can also be quite foggy in the mornings and evenings, while it’s clear and sunny elsewhere in Portugal.
- You need two days to see everything - While Sintra is usually visited on a day trip from Lisbon or Cascais, you need at least two days to see all of its wonderful attractions. On a day trip you’ll only have time to see two or three of the palaces. You should consider staying overnight, especially in the summer, when you can explore the beautiful beaches on the coast and the cape of Roca, the westernmost point in Europe.
- It's home to some of Portugal's sweetest pastries - While Lisbon’s custard tarts are now famous and enjoyed around the world, few know about Sintra’s sweet specialities. That is, until they arrive in town and see people lining up to try its queijadas and travesseiros. The queijadas are cheese tarts, and the place to get them is at Piriquita, a shop found on a pedestrian street close to the National Palace. There you’ll also see the travesseiros, which are crumbly almond pastries. | <urn:uuid:ca39773d-66bf-4864-a330-ec7048b9147a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sintraportugaltourism.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.937677 | 854 | 1.640625 | 2 |
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