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Barium salts are highly toxic.
Chemicals and Solutions:
Flame test cation solutions (methanolic)
dishes with covers
Place the cation solutions into dishes and ignite them with a match. To put them out, simply cover the dish.
Barium gives a green flame
Strontium gives a red flame
Lithium gives a red flame
Calcium gives a red orange flame
Sodium gives an orange flame
Potassium give a violet flame
The metal ions are raised to an excited state by the high temperature of the flame and then return to the ground state emitting light of characteristic frequencies. | <urn:uuid:43f9dcaf-3cb8-4955-916f-bd2b4425c9ff> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://depts.washington.edu/chem/facilserv/lecturedemo/FlameTests-UWDept.ofChemistry.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00060-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.822158 | 131 | 2.359375 | 2 |
WikiLeaks releasing a copy of the NSA’s tools is major this will not only allow other intelligence agencies around the world to better protect themselves from NSA hackers, but also allows other hackers to reverse engineer the tools and makes NSA servers more vulnerable.
As the dust settles, following the suspected breach of an elite NSA-linked hacking unit dubbed the Equation Group, which potentially exposed a number of cyberweapons used by US spooks, whistleblowing outfit WikiLeaks has claimed it will publish a ‘pristine’ version of the data online for the world to see.
The cyber-espionage toolset, which was first teased online by a mysterious group calling itself The Shadow Brokers, contains what purports to be NSA exploits previously used by the agency to target computers, firewalls and routers. After releasing one file as proof of legitimacy, the hackers opened an auction and demanded one million bitcoin — the equivalent of at least $550m – to hand over the rest.
Yet now, WikiLeaks, the infamous leaking website founded by Julian Assange, has waded into the story and indicated it now plans to release the alleged NSA data in full. However, it remains unknown how or when the group got hold of such sensitive information.
“We had already obtained the archive of NSA cyber weapons released earlier today and will release our own pristine copy in due course,” the WikiLeaks Twitter account published on 16 August. The organisation did not respond to a request for comment regarding when the data would be made public.
As to the motive behind WikiLeaks’ decision to also publish the data can be linked to its long history of releasing sensitive data pertaining to the US government. From secretive files on the war on terror to diplomatic communications. The release of the suspected NSA toolkits sits well with its ‘information should be free’ motto – for better or worse.
WikiLeaks has become reinvigorated following its email leaks relating to the Democratic National Committee (DNC) in which 20,000 internal messages were made public. Yet it has also courted controversy for suspected ties to the Russian government, a charge Assange consistently denies.
When it was first released, the Shadow Brokers said in a (now removed) statement: “We hack Equation Group. We find many many Equation Group cyber weapons. You see pictures. We give you some Equation Group files free, you see. This is good proof no? You enjoy!!! You break many things. You find many intrusions. You write many words. But not all, we are auction the best files.”
We had already obtained the archive of NSA cyber weapons released earlier today and will release our own pristine copy in due course.
— WikiLeaks (@wikileaks) August 16, 2016
When the Equation Group’s work was first made public by Russian cybersecurity firm Kaspersky Lab in 2015, it was branded “one of the most sophisticated cyber groups in the world” and one of the most advanced hacking groups ever encountered. It was alleged the group had ties to infamous malware infections, including Stuxnet, however Kaspersky did not go as far as attributing its activities to the NSA.
In any case, it now appears that WikiLeaks will release the data into the wild without any demand for payment. The statement, if the claim is followed through, also lends credence to mounting analysis which asserts the leak could be legitimate.
Source- International Business Times | <urn:uuid:3ff0a8d8-88b0-4c76-86aa-51e681851a5f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wearechange.org/wikileaks-release-pristine-copy-nsa-crypto-hacking-tools/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00485-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958566 | 705 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Tony Blair, in a speech to the Australian parliament on Monday, also said that there was a danger of the United States retreating into isolationism.
Blair made his case for the West to get involved in a broad range of issues, not just on the security front, in its struggle against Islamist militants.
Australia and Britain both have troops in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Blair, America's closest ally in Iraq, acknowledged that the war there had divided opinion in Australia and in Britain, but he portrayed Iraq and Afghanistan as critical battlegrounds.
"Every reactionary element is lined up to fight us," he said. "They know if they lose, a message is sent out across the Muslim world that strikes at the heart of their ideology.
"Every reactionary element is lined up to fight us. They know if they lose, a message is sent out across the Muslim world that strikes at the heart of their ideology"
British prime minister
"We must not hesitate in the face of a battle utterly decisive as to whether the values we believe in triumph or fail ... If the going is tough - we tough it out. This is not a time to walk away. This is a time for courage to see it through."
Blair said that while the battle over values was most fierce in Iraq and Afghanistan, Western countries also had to get involved elsewhere and on a range of other issues.
"Wherever people live in fear, with no prospect of advance, we should be on their side ... whether in Sudan, Zimbabwe, Burma [Myanmar], North Korea," he said.
He called for an "active foreign policy of engagement" by a strong alliance, including the United States.
Calling the anti-American feeling seen in parts of world politics "madness", Blair said: "The danger with America today is not that they are too much involved. The danger is they decide to pull up the drawbridge and disengage. We need them involved."
A man wearing a Blair mask at a
protest outside parliament
Blair also spoke on the Middle East conflict, saying "we must redouble our efforts to find a way to the only solution that works: a secure state of Israel and a viable, independent Palestinian state".
And he called for action to combat conflict, famine and disease in Africa, a focus on the threat of climate change, and voiced support for a new world trade liberalisation agreement.
Outside parliament, about 100 anti-Iraq war protesters blew whistles and trumpets to try to disrupt the visit, but they were kept well away.
There was no repetition of the heckling by members of partliament that greeted George Bush, the US president, when he spoke in Canberra in 2003 and defended the invasion of Iraq. | <urn:uuid:1d573786-90c6-496b-8e41-522a038a5714> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.aljazeera.com/archive/2006/03/20084916331998590.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00131-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966394 | 559 | 1.945313 | 2 |
The Young Horticulturist
Horticulture as a Career
A Career in Gardening and Science
Rob Cotterill Mhort (RHS) MCIHort
Enjoy Gardening and Science as a Career
Rob is a horticulturist who always knew that gardening was his vocation. He started his career as an apprentice for a parks department, has worked in nurseries and gardens, for landscapers and for horticultural colleges, both in this country and abroad.
He now runs a garden design and maintenance business with his wife in Somerset.
Visit his website www.gardenmaker.co.uk
Rob who believes as I do that a little science knowledge is of great benefit to a gardener writes as follows:
The Appliance of Science (in a greenhouse on a wet Wednesday!)
Sheltering from the rain in a customer’s greenhouse recently, I started to think how much easier it is to grow plants when you have a little bit of the background horticultural science.
Horticultural science covers many aspects – chemistry, biology and climatology as well as the more applied science subjects such as the naming of plants, the growing material we plant into, the external shape (the size and shapes of leaves, fruits and flowers) and internal make-up (purpose of roots and shoots and how they work) and plant pathology (identifying pests, diseases and disorders)
All this is background knowledge which can help us when growing our plants.
If we know some science we can optimise the growth of our humble tomato in its greenhouse. For example we should be able to able to identify if the curling leaves are due to over watering, under watering, some viral disease or something else completely. Because of ‘nomenclature’ or plant naming we know that the tomato is in the same family as the potato, so are those leaf spots due to potato blight, a mineral deficiency or sun scorch?
I needed to do some more “digging” to find evidence and a remedy.
While we could use the large resources of text books and the internet available to us to help identify the issue, my experience of the customer and the growing conditions leads me to thinking that it is a ‘transpiration’ issue.
Transpiration involves the movement of water from the soil into root hairs, then into the xylem where it is transported through the plant stems and leaves (a small amount is used for growth) and then lost via the ‘stomata’. This process keeps the plant upright, otherwise it ‘wilts’. In hot sunny conditions the plant transpires much more than early or later in the year with cooler nights and shorter days.
Earlier in the year, when the tomato leaves started to curl, I had suggested the customer give them extra water but the weather had been hot and sunny so now nearly three months later with lower light levels and temperatures the plants are using less water but the plants were still receiving twice daily watering.
Helping the customer to understand how plants use water and the effect of the weather will help them to judge the correct amount of water to give each day. Result – a healthy stronger and more productive plant and less water consumption. Science backs-up horticultural practice making it one more important “tool” for us to use.
Eventually by instinct we can say more confidently that a) rather b) is correct but in the meantime science answers the ‘why’ until we gain that confidence.
As horticultural students (and the wonderful thing about gardening is that however long we have been growing we are still students!) we find that by keeping an open mind and always questioning not only makes us better gardeners but keeps our mind active!
Rob Cotterill Mhort (RHS) MCIHort
Editors note Thanks Rob, your thoughtful editorial gives encouragement to gardeners and students alike to think about what’s happening in horticulture while we are digging and planting and this helps us build up our own expertise.
Richard Moore is the Young Horticulturalist of the Year 2019
12 MAY 2019
It began in January with thousands of entrants from across the UK and Ireland each competing for the title Young Horticulturalist of the Year and the £2500 Percy Thrower Travel bursary. After heats and regional finals, the final eight met at Kew to decide the overall winner. Several nail biting and close rounds ensured and by the end Richard Moore (image left) & Emily Marston (image middle) were tied for first place. Following two tie breakers the same result! Only after the third tie breaker did Richard win. In addition to the travel bursary,
Normally 2nd place wins a prize of £950 but this year Andrew Cross, Chairman of the Shropshire Horticultural Society, the competition’s main sponsor announced that they would also give Emily, a Horticultural Apprentice at RHS Harlow Carr, a £2000 travel bursary! Life changing horticultural travel for both Richard and Emily.
3rd place goes to Sally Newbrook (image right), a Horticulturalist from RHS Garden Rosemoor, who wins £550.
The rest of the finalists each win £200:
Ben Clansey – Horticulturalist at Royal Oak Landscape Design
Owen Harlow – Horticulturalist at The National Trust for Scotland
Mark Matthews – Professional Gardeners Guild trainee at The National Botanic Garden of Wales
Frances Porter – Professional Gardens Guild trainee at Waddesdon Manor
Leo Walsh – Horticulturalist at Universal Floral
Each of the finalists is also awarded membership to the Chartered Institute of Horticulture and PlantNetwork.
We are indebted to all our sponsors; our major sponsors are the Shropshire Horticultural Society who provide the Percy Thrower Travel Bursary and Bord Bia who sponsor all Ireland’s heats and regional finals. We also generous regional sponsors supporting our heats and regional finals. They include Bulldog Tools, Caulders Garden Centres, Cherry Lane Garden Centres, Harrogate Flower Shows, PlantNetwork and Stockbridge Technology Centre.
Timothy Miles wins Young Horticulturist of the year
1 May 2018, by Matthew Appleby
Sissinghurst gardener and graduate of Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Timothy Miles was named Chartered Institute of Horticulture Young Horticulturist of the Year 2018 at the grand final held at the Harrogate Spring Flower Show on April 28.
Miles, who graduated from Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh in 2017, received the £2,500 Travel Bursary provided by the Percy Thrower Trust. He will be able to use it to further his horticultural career anywhere in the world.
Finalists at the Grand Final were:- Scotland – Owen Harlow, Ireland – Leo Walsh, Northern – Emily Marston, North West and North Wales – Frances Porter, West Midlands and South Wales – Josh Egan Wyer, Eastern – Rosie Innes Taylor, South East – Timothy Miles, South West – Sally Newbrook.
Marston, an apprentice at RHS Harlow Carr who is in her first year at Craven College was runner up and Porter, studying for a level 3 diploma at Derby College’s Broomfield Hall was third. Martin Fish was quizmaster at the 28th annual event.
Chartered Institute of Horticulture president Owen Doyle said: “The Chartered Institute of Horticulture’s Young Horticulturist of the Year Competition is our flagship event which engages students and young horticulturists across both Great Britain and Ireland.
“This is an exciting and fantastic opportunity for them to display their plant knowledge and to meet fellow horticulturists during the local, regional and national parts of the competition.
“Thanks to our generous sponsors the winners at a local and regional level receive prizes and those that reach the Grand Final also receive great prizes. I wish the best of good fortune to all those taking part in the Grand Final.”
The 2017 Young Horticulturist of the Year is Scotland’s Lachlan Rae
This Young Horticulturist of the Year competition came to an exciting end on May 6th at University Centre Shrewsbury 2017 where the final 8 competitors fought for the opportunity to travel anywhere in the world with a £2,500 bursary. The bursary is provided in honour of Percy Thrower, Britain’s first celebrity gardener, known for his work with the BBC on Gardeners world and Blue Peter. This year’s competition received over 2,500 entries from young horticulturists under the age of 30 from all over the UK and Ireland.
Grow Yourself a Career in Horticulture
Raoul Curtis-Machin writing as the then current Chair of Grow Careers at the Chartered Institute of Horticulture
Raoul Curtis-Machingrow logoHe is keen to encourage youngsters to take steps to begin what could well become a very rewarding career in horticulture and writes that seeing science in action is one way of capturing their interest.
“Gardening offers an easy and fascinating way to see science in action, and you can learn a lot by doing some of the simplest garden tasks. Watching the changing colours of autumn leaves (before clearing them up of course) shows you what happens when the tree stops circulating chlorophyll through its vessels and the normally green leaves turn all sorts of wonderful warm and fiery shades. It’s the chlorophyll which enables photosynthesis which ultimately feeds the plant and the food chain. Gardening fuses science and art: the beauty, colour and recreation we get from our gardens are all underpinned by understanding and skilfully manipulating scientific processes.”
As the current Chair of GrowCareers I should like to offer our support for your website and wish you luck with its establishment.
Institute statement on Young Horticulturist of the year 2016
Winner 2016 is Lawrence Wright from South east branch ,a student at RHS Garden Wisley
Speaking after the event a surprised but delighted Lawrence said he was still coming to terms with the win .”Its not sunk in yet .At one point it got really close. Then when i heard i’d won it was disbelief and then excitement”
PRES A GILL President Andrew Gill said “They are all winners today. We hope that they all continue to work and do well in Horticulture and become Chartered members of the Chartered Institute of Horticulture .I’d like to thank all the competitors for their bravery and knowledge “
Winner 2015 Jessica Evans
The Young Horticulturist of the Year Competition is more important than ever to the Institute and horticulture in general, as we encourage and develop the horticultural professionals of tomorrow, tapping into the current popularity of growing plants; there is no more satisfying job. Andrew Gill C Hort FCIHort Past President,Chartered Institute of Horticulture | <urn:uuid:3ec529f1-bf87-4deb-8598-67861949ce92> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scienceforthegardener.com/the-young-horticulturalist | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.943716 | 2,283 | 2.5 | 2 |
L'Academie Dance & Ballet
Professional, Ballet, Dance Schools
Based on the Royal Academy of Dance Syllabus and covers all grades.
Print this page
Offers techniques in relaxation and body conditioning.
Private lessons provide a personal focus on the student in specific areas which need improvement, individual choreography or require more in-depth professional instruction as part of career development. More can be achieved in a private lesson than the group learning format of regular classes.
Tap dancing classes are taught by a professional tap dancer to ensure students get the best possible tuition.
This class is designed to help specifically condition the body for dancing and enhance student's abilities.
Contemporary works with the natural
alignment of the body, and is therefore safe and accessible for beginners. At
the same time this give it a versatility that experienced dancers can use to
explore their boundaries and style.
Create your free Hotfrog business profile
Follow Hotfrog on:
Hotfrog Small Business Hub | <urn:uuid:fc366878-e7c5-4866-a2c2-8f74b93275a9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hotfrog.com.au/business/nsw/petersham/l-academie-dance-ballet/royal-academy-of-dance-rad-ballet-classes-183645 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00275-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.878779 | 204 | 1.640625 | 2 |
If you are maddening to assemble up contractor or char off the fat and your drinking behaviour are not optimum... this textual matter is for you. It's the 4 (four) Rules of Nutrition.
Normally I don't close to to use the declaration 'rule' as it sounds resembling I'm mortal an absolutist and it's my way or the road. That isn't how I have it in mind it at all. But across the world speaking, if you aren't doing these 4 things once it comes to nutrition, you will not bring home the bacon at your recital goals.
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"A generalized announcement that describes what is literal in furthermost or all cases" - Dictionary.com
For starters, I've been delivery a entire lot of emails lately from associates who are hopeless to tallness contractile organ at the double or to reduce to ashes off quite a few fat for an circumstance (wedding comes to consciousness). These associates don't path what they eat and have no notion more or less what to eat, once to eat or why eating
frequently would be something they would even deprivation to do.
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Frankly, if you are not subsequent to these unsophisticated rules, it's not really appalling you aren't getting to wherever you poorness.
[Print this message out NOW earlier you forget and for 2 days, computer screen your own intake traditions. If you are not ensuing these rules, you have recovered a dilemma that you can efficiently lick short costs a dime.]
:: Nutrition Rule #1 ::
Always eat at least 5 modern world a day. Two or cardinal meals merely isn't plenty. Two of the meals can be well thought out snacks as long-range as the organic process ratios are accurate as I'm active to term in Rule 2.
Why is ingestion so repetitively a essential they ask?
* body fluid refined sugar levels will be pressurized (you won't be as hungry as your friends who indulging on anything in outlook as they are starving*
* you will be ingestion yourself supermolecule all through the complete day. This process you will be organic process and supportive contractor improvement (more musculus = throw you). Your advance will be improved.
* article fat will not be keep but in use as strength. By providing yourself next to a even swell of unavoidable calories done the day, your body's call for to sales outlet it as fat will be remittent. Compared this to once you eat intermittently and your organic structure detects this as a famine conditions. At this point, too considerably of the supplies you put away is hold on as fat.
:: Nutrition Rule #2 ::
In preparation each of your day-to-day meals (or snacks), a thermal ratio of more or less 1 portion fat, 2 surround protein, and 3 surroundings macromolecule is a slap-up topographic point to national leader. What you will see in Rule 3 below, is this is fitting an reckoning for mean nation. You can adjust this to fit your requirements.
Keep in mind, you do not impoverishment to get rid of the healthy fats from your diet.
This course of action preaches overwhelming satisfactory macromolecule to go to musculus advance and adequate carbohydrates to insure you have fuel for your workouts and you are able to recouping.
Low glycemic carbs are optimum for the choices in this chapter. Remember that carbohydrates are your body's in oil source!
:: Nutrition Rule #3 ::
Ask yourself, "What am I going to be doing in the subsequent hour?" If you won't be active, then belittle the amount of carbs you consume; if you will be training, consequently bulge up the carbs you will eat so you'll have the physical phenomenon to discipline. Alter your macromolecule consumption depending on your
Remember that low glycemic carbs are optimum for pre- exercising ingestion.
:: Nutrition Rule #4 ::
If you poverty to tallness contractor and suffer fat at the same time? Pick a new dream.
Building musculus requires a calorie surplus.
Burning fat requires a gram calorie inadequacy.
As you can see, indisputably the goals are in confrontation. And time it's correct that beginners can do some (their bodies are confidently denaturized) the chill out of you will brainwave this an wasteful responsibility.
It's best ever to cyclical periods of glum calorie go together beside periods of affirmative work unit symmetry You'll in the end build much contractile organ and flare up more fat if you but decision making a one-man end.
If you privation to listen in to a advanced statement of this, touch unconstrained to crank up the speakers and listen in at:
:: Secret Nutrition Rule 5 ::
I'm not altogether sure I concur with this one but it does breed living ability to the common individual who has a job, perchance married with kids and can't be a weighed down instance fry or just doesn't have the event to change foods.
This direct says that it's almost unsurmountable to get all of the nutrients your article requirements to hang on tough and stirring from silage alone; very if you are on many category of diet. Therefore, it is eventful to matter your diet near vitamins, minerals and obligingly hand-picked supplements.
Let's get real here (I full anticipate fall-out from this authentication)... I'm not sermon you HAVE to transport supplements. In fact, several programs out there plus my own do not take it any way contour or gel. And if you can thinly prize your foods, you will be fair dusty.
Personally I cognise of one human who doesn't thieve any supplements and is ripped to sheds and his workouts fashion me cry. He's faithful and proves every instance he way into the gym, natural, supplement-free bodybuilding is the way to go.
But it's mad not to at most minuscule raise the arguments for this not to be mentioned organic process parameter because as a person myself beside a existence and who's on occasion event constrained, these subsequent points occur to supreme of us.
There's not a entity who's language this memorandum now that hasn't fabric like, no situation how troublesome you try, no situation how obedient a deep-fry you are, or where you buy your food:
* You cannot ever eat 5-6 present time a day
* There are instances once your organic structure may perhaps necessitate a guaranteed matter in greater amounts after you and assign with substance alone
* Soil reduction has leftmost one foods smaller quantity beneficial consequently you would anticipate. If you hair salon natural and are really prudent in your selection, you may perhaps foreclose this but for us big stores reduction shoppers, an apple isn't ever an apple.
* Periods of exalted emphasis sometimes pb to greater nutritive wishes lacking an increase in thermal wishes.
:: Additional Tips ::
* Eliminate the scrap sustenance. Refined sugars and prepared foods are conventionally higher in fats. Neither of these things will be advantageous to you. All these foods genuinely do is promote a rocket in your body fluid sugar smooth and later a fast decrease. You'll end up hungrier than earlier.
* Drink teemingness of sea a day. A really express way is to cocktail 1/2 your physical structure weight in ounces. Drink sea during the day in 15 diminutive increments; not all at erstwhile. It replaces wet loss from workout and keeps you hydrous. Your unit is 55-75% sea you know!
* Determine your each day macromolecule of necessity. As you know, macromolecule is needful for musculus enlargement. By ensuring that you are feat plenty protein all throughout the day, you will support your atomic number 7 levels utmost and your unit in a biological process (growth and mend) democracy.
* Consume foods high in fibre. Not just does material sustain lower your cholesterol but it helps demean the glycemic issue of quite a few meals and aids in effectual chemical process.
* Increase your thin unit weight done unfriendliness breaking in. The more contractor you have, the more calories you char. The more calories you burn, the throw you can be. If you privation to char more than fat later body-build much musculus. By having much muscle, you as well encourage joints, tendons, ligaments and percussion instrument for greater overall well-being. Building musculus is a direct aspiration of any program! Even race who want to flash fat should body-build muscle as it acquired immune deficiency syndrome in doing exactly that.
Copyright 2006 Marc David | <urn:uuid:6b20d24a-62e2-4361-9ddc-b12e2e87793c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://deoopsa.pixnet.net/blog/post/51277818-supermolecule-all-through-the- | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00246-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928707 | 2,136 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Tier 1. Tier 2. side chain. Rollup.
Web3 is full of jargon, so let’s first set the stage and provide an easy way to think about the field.
If you’ve browsed crypto Twitter, you’ve probably heard people mention Layer 1 (L1) like Bitcoin/Ethereum and Layer 2 (L2) like Arbitrum/Optimism. If you’ve listened carefully, you’ve probably heard people mention sidechains like Polygon PoS and Rollup like StarkNet. If you’ve gone down this rabbit hole, you probably know that there are many other types.
However, for this article, we will ignore all of them.
Instead, we will simply treat each solution as a blockchain. Whether L2 and Rollup are technically blockchains is an esoteric topic for debate, but it’s useful to think about them this way.
Evaluate the blockchain
Now we have a bunch of blockchains – which are the best?
Each blockchain can be evaluated based on different properties. According to the following main characteristics:
Let’s unpack them through a non-technical end-user perspective.
Performance refers to bandwidth and throughput—how many transactions a blockchain can process at one time and how fast it can process them. This is similar to how many lanes a highway has (bandwidth) and a speed limit (throughput). As far as the end user is concerned, performance is how fast an application runs – whether the application is sending money to someone, trading one asset for another, or tweeting on Web3 Twitter.
The cost is pretty simple – how much the end user has to pay for the blockchain to use the app.
Performance and cost are easy to talk about and make all the headlines.
“New L1 financing $1 billion, TPS 1 billion, zero handling fee!”
In turn, many people entering the Web3 space place disproportionate importance on these two attributes. Sometimes people only think about one of the two – just see one blockchain as cheap and the other as expensive. To be fair, this is how most of us are accustomed to evaluating technology products, but with blockchain, there are more.
Two other properties are security and decentralization.
Security can be confusing because people use it to mean all the different things, and you usually see blockchain experts discussing it when talking to each other. In this Twitter thread, Polynya nicely breaks down security into three components. Two are hard to build:
- Economical security: In a proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchain, users gain meaningful control over the network if they own a majority of the “stake” tokens. Since the system relies on tokens that generate value (the more expensive the tokens, the harder it is to buy most of them), it is very important for a blockchain to have a sound monetary policy and build the credibility of its currency over time important.
- Protocol stability: The protocol is implemented in software, and the software is at risk of bugs. In software development, there are some best practices to minimize errors, such as keeping the software simple (fewer lines of code means less room for errors) and keeping the upgrade process conservative (more testing time). Examples in the blockchain context include protocol decisions not to add functionality to on-chain governance, and taking longer to upgrade as total value locked (TVL) grows.
Decentralization is hotly debated, and like security, it can mean many things.
Balaji wrote a comprehensive article on the topic, breaking down the blockchain into subsystems. However, he did admit that “some of these decentralized subsystems may be more important than others” and for simplicity we will focus only on nodes and ownership. Polynya also wrote an article that highlights these two key aspects.
- Node decentralization: How easy is it for the average person to run blockchain software (become a network “node” and verify transactions), and how many people are actually doing it? If you run a node, no one can change your protocol rules because your computer will reject invalid transactions. If the software can run in the background on a laptop or phone, more people will run it (it can even integrate with devices) If the software requires expensive servers in the cloud, fewer people will run it .
- Decentralized Ownership: We said earlier that in a proof-of-stake blockchain, if one person owns the majority of the staked tokens, they can exercise meaningful control over the network. It’s not good if one or a few people own tokens that are close to the majority, so it’s important to distribute tokens widely.
a few examples
Now that we know the evaluation criteria, we can look at some examples.
- Solana: great performance and cost
- Ethereum: Good at security and decentralization
- StarkNet: Excellent performance, cost, security and decentralization
Solana has built a strong brand around speed, and of course there’s a lot of hype. When using Solana, you feel like you are using a typical Web2 application. Of course, you still have to pay transaction fees, but they are negligible.
On the downside, this is subsidizing the cost of running nodes through the need for very powerful and expensive computers to run nodes (leading to poor decentralization over time) and an unsustainable token economy (leading to poor security). As a two-year-old project, Solana’s token distribution and protocol stability are still subpar.
Ethereum makes the opposite tradeoff. It is the most secure programmable blockchain to date – in its current form of proof-of-work (PoW) or what will soon be proof-of-stake (PoS). With around $23 billion in ETH currently staked, it’s a solid monetary asset and the protocol has proven stable over the past six years. Ethereum also maintains low hardware requirements to run nodes and a culture of promoting behavior.
The downside is that the scarcity of ideal block space leads to congestion and high transaction fees, greatly limiting the types of applications and users that can utilize the network. Over the past few years, Ethereum has performed well for high-value/low-throughput use cases like financial services, but not so well for low-value/high-throughput use cases like social media.
Are two sets of trade-offs feasible?
This is unlikely. Chains that ignore security and decentralization will be unsustainable in the medium to long term — a view supported by fundamental economics and predictable hardware predictions.
Next up is Rollup!
StarkNet and other similar Rollups (blockchains) solve this problem and unlock the best of both worlds. The way they do it is by focusing on performance and cost while inheriting security and decentralization from another blockchain using fancy cryptography.
We won’t delve into how Rollup technically works, but will boil down its benefits to the specifics. If you are using an application built on StarkNet, you will benefit from the security and decentralization of Ethereum under the hood. For example, even if the StarkNet operators are corrupt, it is mathematically impossible for them to steal your funds unless they also disrupt the Ethereum network.
Thanks to the cryptographic guarantees, Rollup can focus on optimizing performance and cost to support high- and low-value applications. As a related example, developers could fork Solana and adapt it to Ethereum Rollup. Even better, a group of developers could deploy a bunch of Solana, all running in parallel and inheriting the security and decentralization of Ethereum.
Back to StarkNet – developers could also design Rollup from scratch to be faster and cheaper than Solana, which is certainly what many are doing. Design space is wide open!
You might be thinking now: “Sounds good, but what’s the problem? Solana is everywhere, and this is the first time I’ve heard of StarkNet. Why would people choose a solution that doesn’t have an advantage?”
The reality is that most Rollups are still in their early stages, and building them has only become fashionable in the past few years. Before that, VCs were more inclined to fund “Ethereum killers” than solutions built on Ethereum. Even Polygon, which has already invested $1 billion in Rollup development, has had to accept a competing L1 narrative to some extent to get off the ground.
More importantly, the magic behind Rollup is based on state-of-the-art cryptography. This is tough math and takes longer to deploy than simply copying the code of an existing blockchain.
Despite the above challenges, some rollups are performed with training epochs enabled (such as a centralized sequencer), while others are just around the corner.
Developers and users cannot be expected to sit still, so naturally, applications and supporting infrastructure (such as wallets and fiat on-ramp) are built around available solutions. Fortunately, some Rollups are compatible with existing blockchains, making it easy for developers to port applications. Likewise, migrating from Ethereum to Avalanche is trivial, and as they mature, migrating from Avalanche to EVM Rollup will be trivial.
So, are there any Rollups that are attractive today?
Yes! Actually a lot. E.g:
- dYdX has about $1 billion in TVL in its decentralized exchange Rollup.
- Immutable X, an NFT-specific Rollup, is working with some impressive businesses like Mastercard and Gamestop, which are building an NFT marketplace.
StarkNet recently launched their alpha product on the Ethereum mainnet, which has shown impressive adoption.
If early activity is any indication, Rollup’s future looks bright.
Why Rollup Matters
The need for strong security and decentralization is intuitive when dealing with valuable assets, but less so when playing games or scrolling through social media feeds.
It starts to make more sense when you recognize the mid- to long-term connection to application sustainability. If you know that social media platform A will go out of business in 2-3 years and social media platform B will last for decades, you might start posting on social media platform B and build your reputation.
Hopefully this article has helped guide your thinking, whether you’re building or using a blockchain application.
Posted by:CoinYuppie，Reprinted with attribution to:https://coinyuppie.com/why-are-l2-rollup-important/
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Patent Engineers- Helping You in New Invention Registration
A new invention means that it can be prone to dangers of theft from all sides until it is released in the market. This theft might be either intellectual or physical. Getting a patent for a new invention is also a matter of some concern. But all of them can be taken care of by the patent engineers. He is the person to guide you though the process and help you to go ahead with the application.
There are also professional firms that have certified patent engineer working for them. There are lots of things to be taken care of after he is hired. You have to fill out the application form where all your personal details and those related to your product have to be filled in. However, the term patent engineers are specifically applied to those who deal with products from a technological or scientific background but that does not mean that they cannot help out with other kinds of products. The exclusive right of working with the commodity rests solely on the patentee and the patent engineers’ job is to work with them for the development.
Patent Engineers usually belong to the science, engineering or other technical background and also do not require any legal qualification. While some may settle for a graduate degree in science or other technical disciplines to be selected for the junior level, nothing less than a doctorate would be do for the others. Patent scientists can be hired to work on the various projects as deemed necessary by the authorities or they might be in the direct payroll of a government organization.
So opt for reliable patent engineer and you will definitely find a new and easier method of getting patents for your efforts.
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WHILE the Department of Environment and Resource Management continues investigations into the death of two dugongs last week, one pertinent question lingers: What is happening in Gladstone harbour?
The increasing number of marine deaths in the Gladstone region has reached a point where it’s difficult to hold fishing nets and boating accidents solely responsible, and the call for accountability grows ever louder from our concerned community.
“Unless we’ve done the autopsy we should not comment on the source of the problem, but we must investigate why these things happen,” troubled citizen Jan Arens said.
“Because we have a government that is so keen to develop this LNG industry at such a breakneck pace we’re losing sight of the fact that we share the harbour with these animals and they’re protected by international law.
If we are going to compromise dugong habitats within listed dugong protection areas, and the government says we are going to enforce that with monitoring, that needs to be in place before we start messing around with their habitat.”
With the Western Basin dredging project currently in its early stages, Gladstone Ports Corporation said it was committed to the preservation of the harbour’s protected species.
“We have been monitoring the harbour for many years, which has included monitoring seagrass and water quality,” a spokesman said.
“Part of the litigation for the dredging project is that there is $17 million allocated for environmental conservation.
“The Western Basin dredging project is still in its early stages and we are currently working on those specific guidelines and considering programs.”
Despite these allocations, the community at large remains dissatisfied with the level of precaution being taken to ensure marine life is properly catered for, and have called for government intervention.
“We as a nation have declared this as a protection area for these animals and subsequently have these dredging activities on, you could question whether it’s absolutely necessary or if there is a better way,” Mr Arens said.
“The culpability lies squarely with those who are putting pressure on their habitat.”
Turtle Island caretaker Clive Last, who discovered a dead dolphin in May, echoed Mr Arens’ call for stricter industry regulations.
“Measures should have been put in place before this was allowed to go ahead, the same holds true for the accommodation situation.”
State Environment Minister Kate Jones contacted The Observer yesterday afternoon to announce the creation of a scientific panel to formally investigate.
Report strandings and deaths to the department on 1300 130 372. | <urn:uuid:bd5568dc-2e80-4a56-bfdf-b7fc16e710ae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gladstoneobserver.com.au/news/scientists-to-probe-marine-deaths/879454/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00049-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949833 | 540 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Posted on Feb 22, 2019 2021 at 9:47Updated Feb 22, 2019 2021 at 14:33
Notice of tensions over agricultural products. On Chicago futures markets, corn hit $ 5.62 per bushel in February, its highest level since 2013, soybeans are trading at $ 14.36 per bushel, unheard of since 2014. In Paris , the tonne of milling wheat costs 238.5 euros. We have to go back to 2012 to find such prices. Palm oil, a vegetable fat widely consumed in Asia, has never been so expensive in ten years, sugar has climbed to 17.8 cents per pound and Thai rice costs 550 dollars per tonne, almost to the highest since 2013.
This trend in the markets has a direct impact on the budgets of consumers who see the supermarket bill getting higher. Food prices are at their highest since July 2014, according to the index of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The organization’s gauge stood at 113.3 points in January, an increase “ due to the sharp increase in the sugar, cereals and vegetable oils sub-indices », Specifies the organization.
The phenomenon is such that in some countries, the authorities are taking measures to curb the inflation of food. In the United Arab Emirates, which imports 90% of their food, the government, for example, plans to cap the prices of certain foodstuffs. To calm the surge in the price of bread, Russia has introduced export taxes to encourage producers to sell their stocks on the domestic market rather than selling their goods abroad. But this decision has the perverse effect of reinforcing the rise in prices on international markets.
This rise in prices is also partly explained by a tightening of global supply, linked to fears of drought in Brazil and Argentina with the La Niña phenomenon, a cooling of the waters of the central Pacific which disrupts the climate across the planet. . For palm oil, it was the torrential rains in Malaysia and Indonesia that hampered work on the plantations and therefore the harvest. In addition, a shortage of manpower in Malaysia – 80% of the workers are foreigners – weighs on the national production. Certain more fragile foodstuffs which are transported in containers, such as sugar or rice, are victims of the shortage of these metal boxes.
Shortage of containers
But the main reason for this tension in agricultural markets is China’s appetite. Beijing has indeed imported record volumes of grains during this campaign: more than 100 million tonnes of soybeans and 20 million tonnes of corn according to the latest Chinese forecasts. By way of comparison, in the previous season, it had bought 7.6 million tonnes of maize. This demand for grains aims to feed the rebuilding pig herd after being ravaged by African swine fever in 2019 and 2020. With these imports, Beijing is also trying to honor its commitments to purchase American agricultural products as part of the the Phase 1 trade war agreement signed just before the Covid-19 pandemic broke out.
A sustainable importing China
Is this trend sustainable? Dan Basse, president of AgResource, is convinced of this. “ We are in a bull market that will last for several years, and which is comparable to the 1970s », He declared during the Paris Grain Day organized at the end of January by Agritel. According to the economist, China will continue to buy massive amounts of agricultural products for several more months. Rosa Wang, from China JCI firm, goes in the same direction. Although Beijing is emphasizing food security by cutting waste and improving yields and soil quality, it will be a few years before these measures bear fruit. The marketing of new GMOs from corn and soybeans will only take place in two to three years. In the meantime, China will continue to import. The world’s largest agricultural commodities trader, the American Cargill, agrees. Its managing director Dave MacLennan explained to Bloomberg that China was still going to buy abroad massively “ for several quarters “. | <urn:uuid:87bd6108-d48f-463b-a7a5-8e49d9517736> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://briardforce.com/why-the-prices-of-agricultural-products-are-soaring/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.95905 | 823 | 2.15625 | 2 |
What stories have you heard that have transformed your life? This is a fundamental question underlying the StoryCorps project. With the mission “to preserve and share humanity’s stories in order to build connections between people and create a more just and compassionate world,” the project invites people from all over the United States to share their stories. Continue reading
I’ll admit it; I’m a book nerd. I studied English literature in college and grew up being read to and reading hundreds of books. Because of this, I know that I have been shaped by what I have read. It occurred to me recently that cultural stories and values are perpetuated in literature. This is … Continue reading
Matthew James Friday’s article on Why Storytelling in the Classroom Matters highlights storytelling with children, emphasising the role of stories in language learning. Although the types of stories may be different, this holds true for adult education as well.
This article on Martyr stories and right remembering highlights the Lutheran-Mennonite conversations about the history of suffering and persecution. How does language influence our collective memories? How can language learners and educators contribute to remembering rightly and walking the path to reconciliation and forgiveness? | <urn:uuid:64ee111c-e8f9-4edd-86d1-79f64e60d80e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://language4peace.org/tag/narrative-theory/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.94848 | 247 | 2.75 | 3 |
Providing an exploration tool for Wikipedia is an excellent example of what we offer enterprises in accessing and acting on their data through the creation of Domain Experts
Bellevue, WA (PRWEB) August 07, 2012
Atigeo™, a compassionate technology company delivering a revolutionary big data cloud software platform, announced today the release of xPatterns™ for exploration into Wikipedia. The Wikipedia data set consists of more than four million articles, comprising more than 16 gigabytes of data.
“Enterprises are challenged with aggregating and assimilating esoteric data from many disparate sources. xPatterns enables organizations to find and extract the most relevant information from terabytes of unstructured text-based data,” said Christopher Burgess, chief operating officer and chief security officer of Atigeo. “Providing an exploration tool for Wikipedia is an excellent example of what we offer enterprises in accessing and acting on their data through the creation of Domain Experts.”
In order to facilitate understanding of the relevance of a specific document to a specific concept, xPatterns creates a Domain Expert (DE) that captures and represents relationships between concepts within a given domain. DEs are created automatically from analyzing and processing large bodies of unstructured (or structured) text information about the domain. They can be leveraged to determine indirect semantic relationships between queried concepts and related concepts and can leverage existing ontologies to strengthen relationships.
"A DE is particularly useful in scenarios where concepts or items are referred to in many different ways. With xPatterns you can easily navigate among clusters of many relevant documents to discover non-obvious relevant concepts and documents relating to what you are looking for," said Burgess.
xPatterns provides a complete search solution out-of-the-box, including high relevance, indexing, integration with multiple content sources and format, faceting, related content, search and user interface. It can also be integrated with current systems to add a layer of relevance on top of current functionality. Query results are returned in multiple views, including a 3D visualization tool.
Read - Building Successful Big Data Solutions - an Atigeo whitepaper
Contact Atigeo to discuss the use of xPatterns with your data.
Atigeo is a compassionate technology company turning science into products and services for a wiser planet. Our unique semantic platform, xPatterns™, facilitates the intelligent discovery of knowledge from large disparate sources of dynamically changing, structured, and unstructured data. Third party applications can easily be deployed on xPatterns through web-services to immediately enrich data insight through the self-discovery of patterns and concepts in real-time. xPatterns enables a trust model the enterprise may extend to their users, providing each user the ability to privately manage their data, and automatically leverage offline information to provide unprecedented experiences and benefits. xPatterns is enabling telecommunication providers, healthcare providers, government organizations and retailers to leverage new insights in real-time, derived from data that has been traditionally difficult to link and expensive to maintain. xPatterns software can be delivered as Software-as-a-Service or Appliance-based. For more information, visit: http://www.atigeo.com
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ERIC Number: ED185647
Record Type: Non-Journal
Publication Date: 1979
Reference Count: N/A
Building for School and Community. V: Sweden.
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris (France).
In recent years a number of industrialized countries have developed projects that in one way or another associate school buildings with community facilities designed for different functions or uses. The texts brought together in the present volume concern Sweden, which acted as the host country for a symposium held in 1976 on "School and Community Building in Relation to Urban Dynamics." The papers are preceded by a brief description of the general context and trends of coordination in Sweden. Three of the papers are devoted to experiences in Goteborg, Sweden's second largest city. The first, "Policies for the Provision of Facilities in the Development of the City of Goteborg," examines the general problems of facilities planning in a big city. It is followed by a descriptive study, "Rannebergen Centrum," an example of the way in which the facilities problems of new housing estates in the periphery of a city are handled. The third paper, "Planning Process of the Coordinated Centre of Vastra Frolunda," is more methodological and describes how the lessons learned from previous experience were applied to a new project. The volume ends with an account of two recent projects in Upplands Vasby that show clearly that coordination does not necessarily have to result in large complexes but can be achieved also on a small scale in the form of dispersed neighborhood units. (Author/MLF)
Descriptors: Community Coordination, Community Services, Educational Facilities Planning, Elementary Secondary Education, Foreign Countries, Shared Facilities, Urban Improvement, Urban Planning, Urban Renewal
OECD Publications and Information Center, Suite 1207, 1750 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20006 ($10.50)
Publication Type: Reports - Research; Speeches/Meeting Papers
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris (France).
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Tech firms are increasingly dipping their toes into politics since President Donald Trump took office. For one thing, they’ve been among the most vocal opposition to his immigration orders. When he floated the idea of a Muslim registry in December, more than a thousand tech employees signed a pledge not to take part in creating it. Then when he initiated his temporary travel ban on seven Muslim-majority countries in January, companies from Apple to Netflix to Microsoft filed a legal brief arguing that the ban posed “significant harm” to businesses.
CityLab recently spoke with developers who say the contribution from Silicon Valley may not go much farther than that, at least from the executives. (In fact, according to the New York Times, it was the employees who pushed many of the tech giants to take a stronger stand against Trump.) Instead, those workers believe some of the most significant efforts will come from techies volunteering their time. | <urn:uuid:3346aeae-9b11-4e47-89c5-30c5a7552c72> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-03-24/grassroots-tech-groups-fighting-immigration-orders | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.976598 | 184 | 1.664063 | 2 |
When designing a website with Divi, you have to make a lot of decisions that have to do with size. This could be the width of a row, the size of a font, or how much padding to add to a module. And to make things more challenging, we must decide on sizes appropriate for all devices.
In the world of CSS, the size (or length) of an element is expressed by length units. Length units are small letters/symbols that follow a number value (10px, 2em, 100%, etc.) to establish the length of an element.
We use length units all the time. And even though Divi has made the process a lot easier, length units are still very much a part of the everyday business of designing a website. That’s why today I’m going to attempt to give you a guide that will help you understand and apply the right length units with Divi.
In this post, I will be addressing the following elements that use a length unit value:
- Text (font size, letter spacing, line height)
Quick Overview of Length Units
Length units are often separated into two main categories: absolute and relative.
Absolute Length Units
Absolute length units are considered absolute because they are not relative to any other element. These units will not scale to browser size and will always remain the same size. These include the following:
pt – points
px – pixels
in – inches
cm – centimeters
mm – millimeters
pc – picas
Pixels are really the only absolute CSS length unit we should consider using for the web. The others are mostly used for physical (not digital) measurement (like print). A pixel unit refers to the size of one “dot” of your device display (which will vary slightly with each device). Because of this, pixels are commonly used for things that don’t necessarily need to scale with browser sizes.
Relative Length Units
Relative Length units are considered relative because they change/scale depending on the length of other elements. One common example is percentage, which is dependant on the length of the parent element.
em – relative to the element’s font-size
rem – relative to the root element’s font-size
vw – relative to 1% of your browser’s viewport width
vh – relative to 1% of your browser’s viewport height
vmin – relative to 1% of the smaller of the two browser viewport dimensions (height or width).
vmax – relative to 1% of the larger of the two browser viewport dimensions (height or width).
% – relative to 1/100 of the parent element’s width.
All of these units are used for the web. For this post, I won’t be concentrating on rem, vmin, or vmax because they are less common and do not work as well with Divi. Although I would love to hear suggested use cases.
Divi’s Box Sizing
Divi determines box sizing with the border-box CSS property. This basically means the width and height of a section, row or module is determined by the sum of its content, padding and border. If you have built websites with Divi, you already know how this works. Think of a row as a box.
Let’s say you create a row that has a width of 1000px. Adding content to the row (like other boxes/modules) will not change the width of the row. Adding padding to the row will not change the width of the row either but will be applied inside the box. If you add a border to the row, the border will also be applied inside the box and will not affect the set width. In other words, adding 50px of right and left padding will not result in a 1100px row just as adding a 10px border around your row will not make your row 1020px wide. The only thing that will change is the height as you add more content padding or border. Margin is what adds space outside of the box and is what is used to separate boxes (sections, rows, and modules) on the page.
I mention this because it is helpful to understand the building block (or boxes) of how Divi works so you can know what adding length unit values (30px, 5em, 50% etc.) to elements on your page actually does.
Suggested Length Units: %, vw, and px (as max width)
The width property uses length units to set the width of an element.
Divi allows you to easily adjust the width of any section, row, or module.
Using px for Width
Rarely should you ever set an element to a pixel width, unless you plan on adjusting that width at the necessary breakpoints for mobile. This is simply not good practice in the world of responsive, adaptive, and fluid design. It is useful, however, to set a max width using a pixel value, as long as the width is set to a percentage. More on this later.
Using % and px to Adjust Max Width for Responsive Design
As you know, Divi allows you to adjust the width of any module, row, or section. This width will be adjustable by a percentage unit by default, but you can enter a pixel unit value as well. But the width value set is technically the max width. The actual true css width is 100%. All sections, rows, columns, and modules are inherently 100% in width because they are all built using the div block element. And block elements always span the full width of the container (100% width).
What do you know… Divi is built with Divs.
Here is a little test. Let’s update the module width to 1000px for this text module in the left column. I’ve given the module a gray background for easy recognition.
Notice that it doesn’t actually go the full 1000px because this is technically a max width. However, if I wanted to override the default 100% width and declare an actual width of 1000px, I could go over to the advanced tab and set the main element to have a width of 1000px.
Now look at the module.
The problem is that you are using an absolute value surrounded by elements with relative values. So even if you shrink your browser, the module will remain 1000px.
This is why Divi adjusts the max width of your elements instead of the actual width.
It is common to use pixels in combination with relative length units (like percentage) in order to build responsive sites. Divi uses this method to set the content width for all of your pages. If you go to Theme Customizer > General Setting > Layout Settings you will see the main content width is set to 1080px.
The 1080px is actually the max width for your content. The actual css width is 80%. That is why when you increase the width of your browser, the content width will stop expanding at 1080px. And if you shrink the browser width below 1080px, the content will continue to scale according to 80% of the parent element.
Adding Custom Width Values in the Divi Builder
When using the Divi builder, your rows are considered the website content and will inherit a default setting of 80% width and 1080px max width. If you change the width of a row using the Divi Builder by setting a custom width, the new width value will be a max width regardless if it is set as a percentage or a pixel value.
If you change a row to be fullwidth, both the width and the max width is set to 89%. This means that the row will always have a with of 89% of the parent element (the section) which is 100% of the browser window.
In short, the Divi builder is smart enough to automatically use max width when adjusting the width of your sections, rows, or modules.
Using vw to Adjust Width
Viewport Width (vw) is very similar to the percentage value. The difference is that the vw value is always relative to the browser viewport/window width. The percentage value is always relative the the parent element. Be careful of setting your sections to 100vw (in custom css) because this can cause some problems with extending past the scrollbar that shows up when scrolling down the page.
Since Divi is built on percentage widths, unless you are creating a special design that requires vw, I would stick with percentage values.
Suggested Length Units: px, %, and vw
The margin property uses length units to add spacing outside of the element. It is also useful for positioning an element using positive and negative values.
Divi allows you to adjust the margin of any section, row, or module.
Using px for Margins
Using pixels for margins and/or padding is fine as long as you understand that those length values will not adjust with your different screen sizes unless you assign specific length values for different screen sizes.
Avoid using pixels for left or right margin
In general, you will want to avoid using pixels for adjusting margins, especially for left and right margins. Having an absolute length for margins will not scale properly with your content and will ultimately leave you with more or less margin than you want on certain browser widths. There are exceptions to this where you will want to have absolute margins for design purposes. Just make sure that you adjust the margin length for mobile devices when needed.
Using pixels for top and bottom margin
There are times when using pixels for margin is quite useful. For example, if you are wanting to move an element up or down on a page, giving the element a positive or negative pixel value will allow you to move that element in a precise location vertically. If you were to use a percentage for this, the element will move up or down as you change the browser width.
Using Percentage for Margins
Using percentage for margins is a great way to build sites that are responsive. As mentioned earlier, percentage values are relative to the length of parent elements. Divi uses percentages for right margin to create space between columns. This margin percentage is easily adjusted by changing the gutter width within the row settings. Gutter width is basically the percentage of margin you want between your columns.
With gutter width set to 3, the margin between columns is 5.5%. Notice how the space scales when adjusting browser width.
So if you ever need to adjust a right or left margin of a module, keep in mind that it will be best to use percentages in order to keep things scaling appropriately.
Use Percentage Margin for Positioning Objects Horizontally
Sometimes certain creative designs call for moving objects from left to right to overlap objects or to create asymmetrical designs. In this case you can use a negative percentage value for a right or left margin. This will move the object over but still adjust to browser widths.
Here is an example of using percentage values to overlay an image with another image. Notice the use of percentage values for horizontal positioning and the use of pixels for top and bottom positioning. This is because the percentage value is relative to the width of the parent element (the column). So if you were to put a 30% top margin, the image would move up and down as the column width changes. That is why in most case you will want to position vertical elements with an absolute length value like pixels.
Using vw and vh for custom Margin
Like percentages, the vw and vh length units can be helpful to add margins between sections, rows, or modules in a way that scales with your browser viewport. The difference is that vw and vh are always relative to the viewport size, not the parent element (like percentages).
Suggested Length Units: px, %, em, vw and vh
Divi allows you to customize the padding for sections, rows, columns, and modules.
Using pixels for Padding
There was a time when I used pixels for padding for pretty much everything. But, I have come to my senses. Like margin, you can use pixels for padding if you want to have an absolute length of padding no matter what the browser size may be. But generally, padding should scale to the size of the browser. So instead, I would suggest using percentages for padding.
It is common in responsive web design to use pixels for top and bottom padding in order to keep a consistent vertical spacing between elements while the width of the browser changes. Divi does this for Sections and Rows. Depending on the section or row height you select (1-10) under the Theme Customizer, your section and/or rows will have a greater or lesser top and bottom padding.
But if you look at the CSS, you will notice that the top and bottom padding is set to a percentage value at a certain breakpoint and a pixel value for others. For example, if you leave the default section height to the value of 4, on larger screen widths (greater than 1350px), the top and bottom padding will be 54px. On screen widths between 980px-1350px, the top and bottom padding will be set to 4% (which is 4% of the section width). On screen sizes less than 980px, the top and bottom padding is set to 50px. This technique is great for setting a minimum padding value for smartphone and a max padding for large monitors while have the padding scale with the percentage value for devices in between the two extremes.
Using % for Padding
Sometimes it is just a lot easier to use a percentage value (not pixels) for padding in order to keep things scaling nicely without needing to add any additional values at certain breakpoints. And, for those of you interested in keeping important content “above the fold”, using percentages instead of pixels for top and bottom padding will help simplify this process.
Here is an example of a section with a top padding set to 50px. Notice how the same 50px padding doesn’t look as good on smartphones as it does on desktop because there is too much space between the sections.
Here is an example of a section with a top padding set to 4%. Notice how nicely it scales from Desktop to smartphone. In a browser window that is 1920px wide, the top padding is 76px (0.04 times 1920). But when you scale the browser window down to 375px wide, the 4% padding equates to 15px (0.04 times 375).
NOTE: It is important to remember that top and bottom percentage values will always be relative to the width of the element, not the height.
Using em for Padding
Using the em length value for padding is suprisingly useful. Let’s say you have a text module with a body text size of 22px for desktop, 18px for tablet, and 14px for smartphone. 1em would be equal to 22px on desktop, 18px on tablet, and 14px on smartphone. Stay with me. Adding a padding of 2em for the text module will adjust according to the text size. On desktop, the padding will be 44px because 2em would be 2 times 22px. On tablet, the padding will be 36px. And on smartphone, the padding will be 28px. This helps to scale the padding according to the font size which works really well for responsive design.
Using vh and vw for Padding
You can use vh and vw for padding in much the same way as you would percentage. The difference is that vh and vw are
always relative to the viewport size. Percentage is always relative to the parent element.
In this example, I took out all the padding from the section and row and gave each text module the following padding:
2vh Top, 5vw Right, 2vh Bottom, 5vw Left
Notice how adjusting the browser height will decrease or increase the top and bottom padding of each module.
Suggested Length Units: px, em, and vw
Using pixels for borders
Using pixels for borders is fairly common and is recommended unless you want the border to scale according to the size of the parent font size (em), or the browser viewport(vh,vw).
Borders do not support the % unit
You may have noticed in the header above that I didn’t include percentage as an option. This is because the percentage value is not a supported unit for borders. But you can have your borders scale by using the other relative length units (em,vh,vw).
Using em for borders
Using em for borders is similar to the idea of using padding around text modules. The em value will be relative to the parent font size and will adjust as the font size changes.
Here is an example of a text module with a border of 1em. I also give the module a padding of 1em. Notice what happens when you adjust the font size. The border (and padding) will change as the font size increases and decreases.
This also works with button borders. Here is an example of a button with a border width of 0.5em. Notice how it scales with the size of the button text.
Using vw and vh for Borders
If you are wanting to scale your border width according the size of your browser viewport, you can use the vw or vh length unit. I haven’t seen this done much, but it is interesting to think about.
Suggested Length Units: px, em, and maybe vw
The Divi Builder Allows you to add custom length values to customize your text. These options include text size, letter spacing, and line-height.
You can use any of the CSS length values for these text options, but for this post I’m going to cover the most common – px, em, and vw.
Using px for Text Size
It is common to set your font sizes to a pixel value because you want those sizes to remain consistent. You can still change the font size according to browser width using media queries. Divi makes this really easy to do by allowing you to enter three different device font sizes within all Divi modules.
Using px for Letter Spacing
It is common to use px for letter spacing. Just note that if you plan on changing the size of your font considerably between devices, you will probably have to adjust the letter spacing as well. To make letter spacing scalable with your text size, you could use the em length value instead.
Using px for Line Height
The px unit is not the best option for line height because it becomes a hassle to change the line height everytime you change the font size. That is why em is normally used (more on this later).
Using em for font sizes
You can use em for custom font sizes. The value of 1em will equal the font size of the most immediate parent tag. When adding an em value to a text element in a module, the most immediate parent tag font size is whatever you have set in the theme customizer. So, in Divi, if you have your body font set to 16px, 1em is equal to 16px, 2em is equal to 32px, and so on.
Using em for Line-Height
Let’s say you are using a text module and change the body font to 18px. Since em is always relative to the most immediate parent tag, the value of em changes for that module and now 1em equals 18px. This is helpful to understand why Divi sets the line-height to an em length value. Setting your text font of 18px to have a 1.5em value will set the line-height to 27px (1.7 times 18px). So if you decide to change the font size later on, the em line height will adjust accordingly.
Using em for letter spacing
Using em for letter spacing can be useful and I would definitely recommend it. The main reason to use em for letter spacing is so that the space will increase and decrease depending on the size of your text.
Look at the letter spacing in the following image. Notice how the 5px letter spacing doesn’t change as you change the size of the header text.
Now look at the same example text using 0.1em for the letter spacing. If the font size is 50px, 0.1em is going to equal 5px. But if you decrease the font size down to 25px, 0.1em is going to equal 2.5px.
Using rem for Text Elements
Using rem is generally more predictable than using em because it is always relative to the root font size. The root element in your html tag. This is the tag that wraps your entire website. In Divi the html is actually set to have a font-size of 100%. This may seem a little strange. I mean, 100% of what exactly? Actually, this is pretty common practice. You may not know this but setting your root/html font size to 100% is a way to declare the same font size as your browser. Most browsers have a default font size of 16px, so, in Divi, the value of 1rem is actually 16px (or the font size set in your browser settings). It isn’t what you have set as the default body text in the theme customizer.
For example, Notice what happens when I add 1rem to the body text size of a text module. The text actually increases in size from 14px (what I have set as theme body font in the theme customizer) to 16px (my default browser font size).
Now if I change my browser font size to something larger, the text in that text module will also increase.
So if you are interested in having text that adjusts to the users browser settings, the rem value may be helpful. But, for the most part, using rem in Divi will just be more trouble than it is worth unless you want to start changing the basic framework of the Divi Theme (ie. change the root font-size to something else).
Using vw for Text Elements
This is perhaps the most interesting length value to use for text. I’m not going to go into great detail on the possibilities here, but I will introduce you to the idea.
Using vw for font size allows you to completely scale your text with your browser window. This can be useful if want the line length to remain constant.
Look what happens to this title text when I adjust the size of my browser viewport/window. The title has a text size of 15vw (which is 15% of the broswer viewport).
If you wanted to take this a step further, you can set a custom em padding for the title that will automatically scale with the title text. This will only work if you apply the em padding to the title tag so you would need to add it to the custom CSS title box under the advanced tab.
Notice how the padding above and below the title scales with the title.
Special Use Cases
Using vh to Create Full Height Headers
The Fullwidth Header Module has an option to change the layout of your header to fullscreen. This makes sure your header takes up the entire screen when the page loads, no matter the screen size.
You can accomplish this same effect with any section using the divi builder. All you have to do is go to the Section Settings advanced tab and enter the following custom CSS in the Main Element input box:
If you haven’t guessed already, this makes sure your section spans the full height of the browser viewport.
Using vw and em to Create Large Scalable Buttons
If you don’t already know, the default padding for Divi’s buttons is as follows:
0.3em Top, 1em Right, 0.3em Bottom, 1em Left
But you can change this by adjusting the padding of the button module to something like this:
0.5em Top, 2.5em Right, 0.5em Bottom, 2.5em Left
Your custom padding will scale with the size of your button font.
Then you can change your font size to a value of 4vw.
This will display a really large button on large monitors and scale nicely as you adjust your browser window. In order to keep the button from scaling too small on phones, you can set a pixel value to your button for smartphones.
Other Helpful Resources
- CSS Length Units
- The Lengths of CSS
- Custom CTA Sections Using vw
- Better Mobile Design
- Responsive and Fluid Typography with vh and vw units
Let’s Review. Shall We?
Width – Use percentages for custom widths. Also, pixels are acceptable in the Divi builder because this is a max width value and will maintain responsiveness on mobile.
Margin – Since Divi uses percentages already to add margins between columns in your themes grid, it would make sense to keep using percentages unless you have a specific reason not to. You can also use vw and vh for margins as long as you understand what you are doing.
Padding – You have a lot of options that work well for padding. In general, I would use percentages for padding rows and sections for consistency. But I would use em for module padding in order to scale with font sizes. Pixels are always good for padding but in my opinion should be avoided unless you have a specific design reason to do so.
Font Size – Use pixels for custom font size. Em is also acceptable if you are wanting the font size to be relative to the parent font size, making it easier to change all font sizes by changing the parent. Using vw for font size is a nice option for headers or for those designs that need text to scale with the browser viewport.
Letter Spacing – Use em for letter spacing in order to make it scale when changing the font size later on.
Line Height – Use em for line height so that it adjusts to the font size.
Borders – You can’t go wrong using pixels for borders, but don’t ignore the other options. Using em will adjust your border to the native font size (useful for buttons). And using vw for borders is an interesting thought.
Thankfully, the Divi builder has a ton of built-in features that allow you to build beautiful responsive websites without having to be an expert in CSS length units. But, it is helpful to understand what length units to use whenever you do decide to make customizations to your page. Having your site look great on all screen sizes is an absolute must and using the right length values will make your job a lot easier down the road.
I hope this guide was helpful. And as always, I look forward to hearing from you in the comments. | <urn:uuid:45cd12d6-3282-4ed7-8a75-78336fe8126b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.elegantthemes.com/blog/divi-resources/a-guide-to-understanding-and-applying-css-length-units-in-divi | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.852846 | 5,649 | 3.109375 | 3 |
(Under the direction of John A. Tilley) Department of History, March 1999.
The purpose of this thesis is to explore the meaning of songs used by sailors on board late eighteenth - and early nineteenth-century Anglo-American sailing ships. Shanties, a type of sea song, were used as tools to coordinate difficult or repetitive aspects of sailing. Forebitters were sung for pleasure, particularly when sailors were not on watch or when they were in port. This thesis explores the differences between the two types of songs, as well as ballads written by non-sailors on shore, and proposes a way of looking at the differences, defined here as "symbolic history."
In this case, symbolic history explores the difference between how sailors presented themselves in song with other sailors and how they presented themselves in song toward non-sailors. In songs sung primarily at sea, and not heard on shore, sailors were more negative about their life at sea than they were in songs they sang on shore in establishments where non-sailors could hear and learn these songs.
The thesis explores how song was used on board merchant vessels, and how the different types of songs expressed different ideas. Work songs rarely appeared on naval vessels, but ballads written by sailors and by composers on shore created a means by which sailors could present their views of life at sea to those unfamiliar with this life. Songs about women also show how sailors used music to express a variety of ideas about the women in their lives. Sailors created a "positive" paradigm for describing women at home, such as mothers and wives, and employed a "negative" paradigm for describing women they met in the world's ports, such as prostitutes and corrupt boarding-house managers. Although music is no longer needed to coordinate work while sailing, sea music continues to be popular, and such music continues to explore the ways in which sailors represented themselves in song. | <urn:uuid:984eccb5-ee13-4def-add8-e79c557fb4c9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ecu.edu/cs-cas/maritime/McCracken-Peter.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00450-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982319 | 390 | 2.90625 | 3 |
“For the Lord your God has blessed you in all that you have done; He has known your wanderings through this great wilderness. These forty years the Lord your God has been with you; you have not lacked a thing.” Deuteronomy 2:7 (NASB)
How could this crisis be happening? She checks her phone to get her mind off it. Has anyone called or texted? She scans a newsfeed absentmindedly and is temporarily subdued, though no closer to a resolution. Have you ever done this before approaching God for help? If so, you are like many others, who in great need, forget to connect with God, just when they need Him most.
Consider the context of our passage. After they had responded to God’s call, initially leading them away from enslavement in Egypt, the Israelites spent forty years in the desert straying from God, and even requested to go back to Egypt, for although it was captivity, it was at least familiar.
So it is with us today, thousands of years later. We wander away from God even while in the deserts of our own lives—the seasons when we feel lonely, thirsty, lost, and afraid. We look to people, phones, music, or other idols to release us from pain when in fact, looking in any direction other than God for the answer will only prolong the time in the desert. This journey, however, does not have to be lonely. If you turn to God in your crisis, He will provide protection, provision, and direction.
Even if you have strayed off the path, turn back to God. Our passage today reminds us of God’s mercy and His blessing over His people for putting their ultimate trust in Him.
Dear Lord, I thank You for Your excellent mercy over me when I stumble, doubt, worry, or complain. Please help me to turn to You in all moments of crisis, and help me to keep my feet on the path You have set before me, not straying to the left or right even for a moment. I pray for Your protection, Your provision, and Your direction over my problems, and I ask You to bless my journey. Thank you Jesus. Amen.
Are you in the middle of a crisis or difficult season? Have you found yourself turning to dependencies or bad habits that are substitutes for relying on God? God is patiently waiting to bless you and help you to start over again! Take time today to turn to God in prayer and open your Bible. Give your fears to Him and listen for His refreshing words.
Read more: Making Sense of Suffering | <urn:uuid:20bd092d-3689-4fc7-a0dd-6d7e198f46a7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://thelife.com/devotionals/wandering-wounded | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.955798 | 541 | 1.609375 | 2 |
In late August, seabird biologist John Piatt paused from his task of “stealing food from baby puffins” to look up at the green mountains of Attu, the last island in the long sweep of the Aleutians.
Pasted to the side of 3,000-foot Attu Mountain was a snowfield with a dirty band of ice. Piatt, a U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center scientist working on a small island off the southern coast of Attu, pulled out his camera. He took a telephoto shot of what he suspected was a glacier. Then he went back to his work of using tufted puffins as samplers of the tiny fish they catch and feed their young. By blocking the entrance of puffin nesting burrows with wire screen, Piatt causes returning adults to drop their fish so he can see what they are.
Weeks later, far from Attu, Piatt blew up his photo on a computer and pinpointed its location on Google Earth. He found the body of ice was stuck to the largest peak on the island.
“If there was going to be a glacier on Attu, that’s where you would expect it,” he said.
He then opened a copy of the USGS publication “Glaciers of Alaska” and looked for mention of glaciers on Attu. He found none, and felt the flush of finding something neat.
“I felt that I had discovered a new glacier,” Piatt said recently from his home in Port Townsend, Wash.
The visible evidence of at least one tiny glacier on Attu excited Piatt for other reasons, too. He is an expert on Kittlitz’s murrelets, rare and mysterious seabirds that nest in recently de-deglaciated mountain slopes and often feed in bays chilled by glacial runoff. The birds are found in waters around Attu and scientists have discovered their nests on nearby Agattu.
“Working on Kittlitz’s murrelets, I’m always looking for glaciers,” he said. “I always suspected there have been glaciers there.”
It’s hard to see the glaciers of Attu because the island is often cloudy and the 2,500-3,000-foot mountains are powdered with snow for much of the year. This year happened to be a warm one; Piatt was there visiting from the Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge research vessel Tiglax on a sunny, clear day.
Piatt considered trying to name the glacier for Kevin Bell, the late captain of the Tiglax who loved Attu. Years before, Bell told Piatt there were both glaciers and Kittlitz’s murrelets on and near the island. Then a colleague told Piatt about a government publication based on work from the 1940s and ‘50s. The geologist authors mentioned more than 12 small glaciers on Attu.
In the “Geology of the Near Islands, Alaska,” Olcott Gates, Howard Powers and Ray Wilcox wrote this about Attu ice, which they surmised after they saw crevasses in aerial photos.
“Small glaciers still exist in cirques of the Attu Mountain-Martinez Mountain ridge in central Attu, the only peaks in the Near Islands that reach altitudes of more than 3,000 feet. The largest of the more than a dozen glaciers here has an area of slightly less than half a square mile.”
So, What makes a mass of ice and snow a glacier and not just a snowfield?
“Glaciers are made up of fallen snow that, over many years, compresses into large, thickened ice masses,” researchers for the National Snow and Ice Data Center wrote on their website. “Some glaciers are as small as football fields.”
Unlike other low-elevation glaciers in Alaska that are fed by giant snowfields high in cold mountains, the tiny glaciers of Attu are doomed if the climate continues to warm.
“The amount of precipitation in the Aleutians is pretty high, but the temperatures are often hovering right around freezing,” said glaciologist Chris Larsen of the University of Alaska Fairbanks Geophysical Institute. “So, if it snows, it can snow a lot. Or, if (air temperatures are) just a little bit warmer, it will rain a lot.”
• Since the late 1970s, the University of Alaska Fairbanks’ Geophysical Institute has provided this column free in cooperation with the UAF research community. Ned Rozell is a science writer for the Geophysical Institute. | <urn:uuid:18572d46-b15a-4ca5-a7bc-45e951c014cb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://juneauempire.com/outdoors/2013-11-15/glaciers-attu | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00475-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969725 | 981 | 2.890625 | 3 |
By Patrick Ball
On 14 February 2012, the New York Times reported that a Swiss team had found a weakness in a key algorithm used to make secure connections online. We were worried because the algorithm (called RSA) is also a central part of Martus, our self-encrypting database that backs itself up to a network of servers.
The bottom line: We've consulted with cryptographers and studied the Martus code, and we do not believe that there is a weakness affecting Martus users. The flaw turns out to be related to a design error in the implementation of RSA in specific "embedded" devices, specifically firewalls and routers. It's not a general problem with RSA, and there's no current risk to Martus users. The way this flaw emerged has motivated us to review Martus's security model, and we are pleased with how well it has stood up.
I've organized the detailed discussion as a series of questions.
- What exactly is the problem?
- How did this happen?
- Does it affect Martus?
- What's the big picture?
What exactly is the problem?
In public key cryptography, there are two keys that complement each other. If one of the pair is used to encrypt a message, a website, or a Martus bulletin, the other key can be used to decrypt it. This is useful because a user can freely distribute one of her keys (called the public key) so that others can encrypt information that only the other key (called her private key) can decrypt. In Martus, sometimes users share bulletins by giving each other copies of their public keys (which we call "headquarters keys"). For websites and secure email, millions of public keys are published online so that people can make secure connections (Martus keys are not published, but they are exchanged directly among users who want to collaborate).
The kind of public key math most commonly used for most applications, including Martus, is called RSA. In this algorithm, the public key consists of two very large numbers (e, n), and the private key is three very large numbers (d, p, q), where n = p ⋅ q. P and q are prime numbers, and much of the strength of the cryptography depends on the mathematical fact that even if you know n, it is hard for a computer to figure out what p and q are. This means that even if n is public (which it is because it's part of the public key), the private key (including p and q) is still a secret.
Calculating p and q from n is called factoring n, and it is very difficult. A key with an n with 232 digits (768 bits) was factored in 2009 using many years of computing time and dozens of computers spread around the world. The smallest keys in use now, 1024 bits, are approximately one thousand times harder to factor than 768 bit keys. Most secure projects use much larger keys; Martus keys are 2048 bits long.
However, in order for the keys to be secure, they must be impossible to guess; being very large is only part of the security. That means that p and q must be chosen randomly. On Tuesday, a paper by researchers from a Swiss team (Lenstra et al.) showed that thousands of public keys published on the Internet in key servers shared a divisor, that is, p or q. This represents thousands of keys out of the millions tested: approximately 0.2% of the keys they harvested shared either p or q. If two public keys can be found to share a divisor, it's easy to figure out the other divisor, and thereby have factored both keys' n's. If this can be done, neither key is secure, and that's very bad news.
On 15 February 2012, another team (Heninger et al.) released similar results. However, the Heninger et al. results were focused on keys generated by very specific models of electronic devices, especially routers and firewalls. This contained the beginning of an explanation of what the Lenstra et al. study had really found.
Heninger et al. showed that specific kinds of devices produced keys for which p and q were chosen from a limited range. Although p and q are very, very large numbers hundreds of digits long, only a relative small range of possible numbers were being used to choose p and q. Experts we've talked with have told us that the analysis by Heninger et al. is of essentially the same data that Lenstra et al. are examining. This means the findings from both projects are pointing to the same weakness.
Both Heninger et al. and Lenstra et al. determined that many public keys published online include n's that shared p or q. This was detectable, and the keys were factored to yield their p and q (there are good, not-so-technical explanations of how this works at BoingBoing and at Ben Adida's blog).
The problem comes back to the selection of p and q, and it involves how computers choose random numbers. There are two parts of serious, computer-based random number generation: a "seed," or starting point, and a pseudo-random number generator. I'll take the latter first.
A pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) takes some number (the seed) and makes it into a sequence of new numbers (the random numbers we want to use). The trick is that a good PRNG produces a sequence of numbers such that even if you know the numbers it has generated recently, the next number is unpredictable.
However, PRNGs are deterministic. If you start from exactly the same seed, they will generate the same sequence of numbers. If you start from a very slightly different seed, the sequence will be totally different. Nonetheless, an identical starting seed will produce an identical sequence.
Therefore, we need to start from a really hard to predict place, and here's where the experts think those little devices failed. The seed for random number generation is usually created by looking at parts of a computer that are under constant change: how the hard disk is reading or writing; keystroke patterns; mouse movements; noise from a microphone or images from a web cam. Mix all this stuff up together in an equation (called a hash function), and you have a seed with high "entropy," stated simply, a lot of randomness.
The little devices Heninger et al. studied didn't get much entropy into their seeds. Their problem was that they were programmed to generate keys the very first time they were unwrapped and booted up. They're not user-driven machines, instead they're designed to be plugged in and basically run themselves. They didn't wait to collect enough churning info to seed their PRNG. On many occasions, they had only the same few bits of information in their seed, and that led to a limited range of results for p and q. We know this because in more than 12,000 cases (out of millions), the devices chose the same p or q values -- leading Lenstra et al. and Heninger et al. to be able to factor the n's of the public keys into the p's and q's of the corresponding private keys.
In short, this problem does not affect Martus. We use the Java programming language's mechanism for getting a high-entropy seed (SecureRandom) from the operating system, whether it's GNU/Linux, Windows, or Mac OS X. Then we pass the seed through Java's PRNG, and generate the key from the result. (Ok, we don't really do all that, the cryptography library we use -- BouncyCastle -- does most of it for us, but that's the process.) No weak seeds, no repeated p's or q's.
One more detail for security and programmer types: long ago, Java had some problems with seeding the PRNG, though the bug has been fixed since the Java Runtime Engine (JRE) version 1.4.1. We shipped the first production version of Martus (1.0) in December 2002 with JRE version 1.4.1.
We think the Times's conclusions, and those of Lenstra et al., are too strong. It's clear that the keys that Heninger et al. and Lenstra et al. identified have weaknesses; solid analysis is becoming available. The flaws come from the way certain devices created their keys, not in the RSA algorithm itself. We do not think that RSA should be discarded in favor of other public key algorithms, as some have suggested. The cryptographic software most commonly used for email security (PGP and gpg) does not seem to be compromised. We think this was a very useful lesson to all of us who publish crypto software ("mind your p's and q's," Heninger wrote), and we are taking the opportunity to review the last ten years of Martus security thinking. It stands up remarkably well, and we're proud of the code: since 1.0, there has not been even one security-related bug. We're pushing ahead, and we look forward to helping human rights groups keep their data safe in more ways and on more platforms.
The Martus team is grateful for helpful pointers and insight from cryptographers Phil Zimmermann (Zfone), Ben Adida (Mozilla), Ian Goldberg (University of Waterloo), and Seth Schoen (EFF). Any errors of fact or reasoning that remain are my (Patrick's) responsibility. | <urn:uuid:7d6026d4-72fd-4507-94ce-119dfdce29bd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://benetech.blogspot.com/2012/02/crypto-is-not-broken.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00545-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965678 | 1,971 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Clay and granitic geologic rock units are potential host media for future repositories for used nuclear fuel and high level waste. This report addresses the representation of flow in these two media within numerical process models. Discrete fracture network (DFNs) models are an approach to representing flow in fractured granite that explicitly represents the geometry and flow properties of individual fractures. New DFN generation and computational grid generation methods have been developed and tested. Mesh generation and the generation of flow streamlines within the DFN are also included. Traditional form of Darcy’s law is not adequate for describing water flow processes in clay media. Non-Darcian flow behavior is incorporated in modeling, and a new relationship between water flux and hydraulic gradient was created by generalizing the currently existing relationships; an added empirical relationship between permeability and the threshold hydraulic gradient is presented. | <urn:uuid:1115de07-1c6c-4fcd-8155-4384b395021b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.energy.gov/ne/downloads/fluid-flow-model-development-representative-geologic-media | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00064-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936698 | 171 | 2.4375 | 2 |
BMW has unveiled what the automaker describes as “the world’s blackest of black” cars, using a coating called “Vantablack”.
The company says Vantablack “highlights the expressive design language and confident, dominant and muscular appearance of the new BMW X6 to perfection”.
Vantablack is the registered trademark for the VBx2 nanostructure paint finish BMW used on the new X6 vehicle.
The name Vantablack has already become synonymous with an entire range of extremely black coatings and paints such as VBx2.
It contains an acronym of the technology enabling this superior black in its first two syllables, which stand for Vertically Aligned Nano Tube Array, a matrix made out of carbon.
Each of these carbon nanotubes has a length of 14 to 50 micrometres, with a diameter of 20 nanometres, making it around 5,000 times thinner than a human hair.
As a result, around a billion of these vertically aligned carbon nanotubes fit into one square centimetre.
Any light striking this surface is almost completely absorbed rather than reflected, and effectively converted into heat.
This technology was initially developed for coating space-borne components.
As Vantablack can be applied at temperatures from as low as 430 degrees Celsius, it is suitable for delicate materials such as aluminium, and optical components coated in Vantablack enable observation of faint stars and distant galaxies that stray light from the sun makes difficult to detect.
The first generation of Vantablack introduced by Surrey NanoSystems in 2014 absorbed up to 99.965 per cent of light, almost completely eliminating reflectance and stray light.
Ben Jensen, Vantablack inventor and founder of Surrey NanoSystems, says: “When we were approached by BMW, we were still quite hesitant to begin with. But the new X6 looked so incredibly different that it just felt like a really good fit.
“The BMW X6 in Vantablack looks absolutely fantastic.
“I think it worked really well on the BMW X6, because of the size of the car, its distinctive shape, and how imposing it is. But putting a paint like that on a conventional car lacking a distinctive design would probably detract from it in some way.”
Jensen says his company was approached by many automakers from the beginning, but adds that developing a Vantablack VBx2 car paint durable enough for daily use remains “a huge technological challenge”.
Hussein Al Attar, creative director automotive design at Designworks and the designer responsible for the new BMW X6, says he first heard about Vantablack a few years ago.
“I’ve been absolutely fascinated with the technology ever since. So, for me personally, this is a big deal,” says Al Attar. “The BMW X6 is the perfect car for this project.” | <urn:uuid:a7c39d71-b9e7-4b6e-8dcf-6b2e3c409ead> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://roboticsandautomationnews.com/2019/09/17/bmw-unveils-the-worlds-blackest-of-black-cars-using-nanotech-coating/25658/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.951845 | 627 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Robert Crain is a Germanpacifist living in India during the Second World War. He is blackmailed by the Allies into using his demolition expertise to cripple a Nazi ship carrying rubber from Japan. The Allies hope to recover the ship before it is scuttled by the Captain because rubber was in short supply and essential for various uses in the war effort.
The film did not do well on its original release, probably at least in part because few people understood its title. In an attempt to be more commercial, the film was reissued as "Saboteur: Code Name Morituri".
The title "Morituri" is the plural of a Latin word meaning "about to die". Urban myth (not academically agreed) suggested that Roman gladiators in the arena would begin their battles with "Morituri te salutamus" or "Morituri te salutant" (We/They who are about to die salute you). (See WIkipedia's article on this expression: Ave Imperator, morituri te salutant) | <urn:uuid:2871c04e-7aed-4038-917c-3e1eaea208a3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://pages.rediff.com/morituri--1965-film-/674245 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.965715 | 219 | 1.84375 | 2 |
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The 2012 General Assembly passed several laws that change the way business taxpayers will be required to file and remit sales and withholding taxes. These changes will affect hundreds of Indiana business owners.
The most significant change is the establishment of an electronic filing and payment mandate for all Indiana sales and withholding taxes. Effective Jan. 1, 2013, ALL businesses in Indiana must file and pay their sales and withholding taxes electronically. Businesses currently filing paper coupons will need to transition to filing via the state’s INtax program or use a third-party vendor to electronically transmit forms ST-103 and WH-1. This is required by Indiana law.
INtax is a powerful tool for Indiana businesses that features filing and payment history, 24/7 access, ACH debit (EFT) and credit card payments, and business tax management from one convenient login.
On this page you will find information and tools business organizations can use including a basic fact sheet and a prepared article about the mandate and INtax. The downloadable PDF article and fact sheet was designed for easy placement in communication channels. Please consider publicizing these in your member communications.
Make sure to visit our INtax page at http://www.INtax.in.gov for FAQs, tutorials, an INtax QuickStart Guide, and other resources. You can also subscribe to our website to receive automatic emails about important tax updates.
In addition, you can receive updates at your convenience by following us on Twitter at www.twitter.com/INDeptofRevenue and/or subscribing to our blog at www.in.gov/dor/3877.htm. | <urn:uuid:aa51e193-a466-433f-a9ee-73f3bf583994> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://in.gov/dor/4702.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00217-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912276 | 366 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Friendship - an essential subject
In the presence of Kṛṣṇa's friendship, a devotee cannot have any fear. Kṛṣṇa is the supreme controller, the controller of even death, which is supposed to be the ultimate fear in this material world. This fear arises because of lack of Kṛṣṇa consciousness; otherwise there cannot be any fear. For one who has taken shelter of the lotus feet of Kṛṣṇa, this material world of fear becomes hardly dangerous at all.
Srila Prabhupada's books, lectures, conversations and letters offer a comprehensive presentation of this essential subject as seen in the Vaniquotes Friendship category. An introduction from his books is given below in the following 9 quotes.
Quotes from Srila Prabhupada's books
Friendship - explore more within this category.
Vanipedia has now over 903 introductory articles compiled from Srila Prabhupada's books under the series titled Essential Subjects. All these articles can be seen in the Table of Content on the right side of this article and also here in this Umbrella Category. Browse through them to relish the breadth and depth of Srila Prabhupada's teachings - There is a subject for everyone. | <urn:uuid:6964a305-d872-458a-9c06-713f93e6b33e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vanipedia.org/wiki/Friendship_-_an_essential_subject | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.934966 | 276 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Of a Happy Life/Book XVI
True happiness, therefore, consists in virtue: and what will this virtue bid you do? Not to think anything bad or good which is connected neither with virtue nor with wickedness: and in the next place, both to endure un moved the assaults of evil, and, as far as is right, to form a god out of what is good. What reward does she promise you for this campaign? an enormous one, and one that raises you to the level of the gods: you shall be subject to no restraint and to no want; you shall be free, safe, unhurt; you shall fail in nothing that you attempt; you shall be debarred from nothing; everything shall turn out according to your wish; no misfortune shall befall you; nothing shall happen to you except what you expect and hope for. "What! does virtue alone suffice to make you happy?" why, of course, consummate and god-like virtue such as this not only suffices, but more than suffices: for when a man is placed beyond the reach of any desire, what can he possibly lack? if all that he needs is concentred in himself, how can he require anything from without? He, however, who is only on the road to virtue, although he may have made great progress along it, nevertheless needs some favour from fortune while he is still struggling among mere human interests, while he is untying that knot, and all the bonds which bind him to mortality. What, then, is the difference between them? it is that some are tied more or less tightly by these bonds, and some have even tied themselves with them as well; whereas he who has made progress towards the upper regions and raised himself upwards drags a looser chain, and though not yet free, is yet as good as free. | <urn:uuid:7ae5cbed-6326-4f61-9f3e-f07d84334bae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Of_a_Happy_Life/Book_XVI | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00457-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978828 | 375 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Eustace and Jill Pole are trying to escape a mob of bullies at the Experiment House, their ghastly boarding school. Jill has been crying, and the bullies can smell tears from hundreds of yards away. From their hiding spot, the two targets hear the angry shouts of the searchers. Eustace looks at Jill and wonders aloud if they might be able to escape to That Place. He begins calling out, “Aslan, Aslan, Aslan!” Jill follows his example: “Aslan, Aslan, Aslan!” The bullies draw near, and Eustace and Jill scramble through the laurels and up a steep slope. The weathered old door in the wall is always locked, but this time – miraculously – the knob turns. And the two children step into Aslan’s country.
Immediately after they arrive, Eustace falls off a cliff, but a lion arrives just in time and blows him to safety in Narnia. The lion – naturally – frightens Jill Pole. She tries to slip away, but the lion begins questioning her. Her showing off caused Eustace’s fall, she confesses. For that display of pride, the lion gives her a task to perform. “Please, what task, Sir?” asks Jill. “The task for which I called you and him here out of your own world,” says the lion. This response puzzles Jill. Nobody called them. They called out to – Somebody – a name she wouldn’t know. Wasn’t it she and Eustace who asked to come?
“You would not have called to me unless I had been calling to you,” says the lion.
The lion is Aslan, and the task on which he sends Jill and Eustace makes up the story of The Silver Chair, one of The Chronicles of Narnia by C.S. Lewis. This exchange between Aslan and Jill Pole from the beginning of the tale illustrates most vibrantly the foundational principle of a life of prayer. You would not have called to me unless I had been calling to you.
The Catechism* in the back of the Book of Common Prayer states: “Prayer is responding to God, by thoughts and by deeds, with or without words.” When I first read this definition, I was flabbergasted. I had never thought of prayer as anything more than asking God for stuff. God, please give me a kitty that doesn’t scratch me. God, please help us win our soccer game. God, please make Grammy not sick anymore. Now, please don’t misunderstand, I am not condemning this form of prayer. There are many kinds of prayer, and they all have fancy names like adoration, oblation, intercession, petition – you get the idea. Rather, the popular definition that prayer is “asking God for stuff,” is several bricks up from the foundation.
That foundation is, of course, God. More precisely, the foundation of prayer is God’s presence in our lives and call upon our hearts. “Prayer,” says the Catechism, “is responding to God.”** Think of prayer as a phone call. We never dial the number: we only have the option to answer the phone when it rings. When we choose to answer, we enter into the relationship that God yearns for us. Prayer is another word for our part in our relationships with God.
Of course, the phone call is not a perfect metaphor because God is always present in our lives and always calling upon us to serve God in the world. In this context, Paul’s directive to “pray without ceasing” seems less unrealistic. Our striving to respond to God’s perpetual call in our lives is prayer. The collection of our words and deeds that emanate from our relationships with God is prayer. Anything we do in response to God’s movement in our lives is prayer. While prayer comprehends the kneeling-beside-the-bed-at-bedtime image that many associate with prayer, the act of praying is so much more expansive.
Monastics down through the ages have understood this. Even the lowliest jobs at the monastery – peeling potatoes or weeding fields – were prayer. Monks prayed many times a day in their chapels, but the labor they performed in the meantime was prayer, too. While we don’t have strict priors delegating our labors, we can still import the monastic example into our lives.
Look at your day, your week, your year. How do your engagements and actions display your response to God’s movement in your life? As a student, God calls you to learn about yourself and the rest of God’s creation. As a member of a family, God calls you to love and enjoy and forgive your parents and siblings. As a servant of God, God calls you to discover and enact that one way in which you can better the lives of those around you. When we respond to God in all these areas of our lives, we pray. We affirm our relationships with God. We live the abundant lives that Christ gives to us.
“You would not have called to me unless I had been calling to you,” says Aslan to Jill Pole. “We love because he first loved us,” says the writer of the First Letter of John. Likewise, we pray because God first called us – called us into the expansive, abundant relationship with God. What will our response be?
* Also called “An Outline of the Faith,” an Episcopal F.A.Q. Most people know it as the thing you read when the sermon is really boring.
** Italics mine. | <urn:uuid:c6b31467-8536-456b-bd7c-b65f806a0167> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wherethewind.com/tag/the-chronicles-of-narnia/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.967676 | 1,224 | 2.75 | 3 |
Nearly all cannabis plants that are grown in warm climates are bright green. Yet when these same breeds of cannabis plants are grown in cold climates, some of them start to show darker colors. Not all of them, mind you, just a few of them. When two of these darker plants are bred together, their offspring will be even darker as long as they are also kept and grown in a cold environment. Some also become darker when experiencing draught or adverse soil conditions. This sort of pattern is a clear signal that it has to do with genetics. The rarity of the trait indicates that it is recessive.
The mathematics behind the genetics of black cannabis are not fully understood yet. However, the fact that the plants that do possess the genes that enable them to become darker under extremes invariably do so indicates that it is beneficial to them in some way.
But why only produce such coloration in the cold, what could be the benefit, and how does it get produced in the first place? The answer to all of these questions has to do with a compound called anthocyanin.
Have you heard of black cannabis? Browse any cannabis forum and you’ll get conflicting reports on black cannabis. Is it possible for some strains to become so dark they look black? While comparatively rare, black cannabis strains do exist. Yet, the deep black/purple/blue coloring only shows up under certain conditions. Here’s what causes some cannabis strains to turn black.
Why do some plants get dark?
Color changes in plants largely depend on climate. Cannabis plants grown in warm, Mediterranean climates tend to be bright green in color. Plants that are grown in cooler climates, however, begin to produce compounds that turn them purple.
The compounds behind this phenomena are anthocyanins, which act as natural antifreeze for the herb. This antifreeze helps the plant retain water, which escapes the leaves as it forms ice crystals between leaf cells. The cooler the grow climate, the more anthocyanin you’re going to get.
Other researchers have proposed that anthocyanins can be a form of sunscreen for the plant, protecting leaves from certain intensities of light and making it easier absorb other types of light.
Anthocyanins encourage plants to absorb blue and green light wavelengths. Basically, cannabis produces more anthocyanins in response to certain kinds of stress.
It’s also likely that the color might attract certain pollinators while deterring other pests. Just like other flowers come in a variety of colors, cannabis flowers are capable of producing a wide range of hues.
Plants experiencing drought also tend to amp up their anthocyanins. All of these theories suggest that anthocyanin production is a characteristic that helps plants better adapt and survive in specific environments.
If anthocyanin explains why cannabis is purple, where does black come in? Well, anthocyanin in cannabis is the same compound found in plants like black rice, eggplant, black currants, and black/blue tomatoes. So, the more anthocyanin a plant has, the deeper the color will become.
Genetics of color
Environmental conditions and genetics interact with one another to regulate color. Cool climates stimulate your plants to create more anthocyanin, yet some strains are better able to create this compound than others. For example, certain strains like Black produce deep purple, nearly black leaves and buds, in almost any environment.
The theory is that this particular strain has a recessive phenotype that allows it to better convert glucose into anthocyanins. Hybrids from the Black strain can generate a wide range of colors, from purple to reddish and even white. For offspring to remain black, they would need to inherit a recessive gene from each parent plant.
Anthocyanins are the compounds which create red, purple, blue, and black hues. However, pH plays a major role in whether or not these compounds cause a lighter red/pink color or a dark, nearly black color.
Cannabis plants naturally like soil that’s a little acidic. The more acidic the soil, however, the redder your plants are going to get. Blue and purple colors come out in soil with a more neutral pH.
So, looking to bring out more purple in your herb? Keep the pH on the high end of the optimal range, which is 5.8 to 6.8 or so on the pH scale.
Does color affect the high?
Some people find that black strains tend to be extremely psychedelic and laden with THC. However, the color of the plant may not contribute directly to the potency. Rather, certain strains with black phenotypes may have been selectively bred to also produce high amounts of THC.
Indica plants, for example, tend to turn purple more easily and are also thought to naturally produce higher amounts of THC.
While color may or may not affect the overall consumption experience, anthocyanins do have a wide range of health benefits. You’ve probably heard the expression “eat the rainbow”.
Well, we have anthocyanins to thank for the reds, purples, and blues in the food color spectrum. In humans, anthocyanins have the following benefits:
Protection against cardiovascular disease
Protects against cancer
Black cannabis strains
The following strains are known to express black characteristics:
So, looking to create black cannabis? Start with a strain known to produce black phenotypes. Put it under intense light and keep the growing environment nice and cool. Make sure your pH is closer to neutral while still in the optimal pH for cannabis cultivation. Do not overwater.
To keep the black going, avoid hybridization with a non-black strain. Your plants will likely begin to express their color during flowering as the herb ages.
Black cannabis varieties are still relatively rare and, I think, largely unexplored as a selling point in the production and distribution of cannabis as a whole. This is most likely due to the many years of it being banned in the majority of countries across the world. With the increasing number of legalizations of cannabis, there is a growing market for variety of colors and intensities eagerly waiting to be explored. This is a plant with great potential for variation, maybe as much as brassicas. This is also a plant with great potential as a healing aid and health supplement and of all the strains out there, no variety has greater potential than black cannabis. | <urn:uuid:5b4b5d85-baa1-4bfc-a6e4-3d96ac9b646e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stonercentral.net/black-marijuana-leaf/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.941013 | 1,379 | 3.25 | 3 |
OSH Answers Fact Sheets
Easy-to-read, question-and-answer fact sheets covering a wide range of workplace health and safety topics, from hazards to diseases to ergonomics to workplace promotion. MORE ABOUT >
What is a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)?
A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a document that contains information on the potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and environmental) and how to work safely with the chemical product. It is an essential starting point for the development of a complete health and safety program. It also contains information on the use, storage, handling and emergency procedures all related to the hazards of the material. The MSDS contains much more information about the material than the label. MSDSs are prepared by the supplier or manufacturer of the material. It is intended to tell what the hazards of the product are, how to use the product safely, what to expect if the recommendations are not followed, what to do if accidents occur, how to recognize symptoms of overexposure, and what to do if such incidents occur.
Do I need an MSDS?
In Canada, every material that is controlled by WHMIS (Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System) must have an accompanying MSDS that is specific to each individual product or material (both the product name and supplier on the MSDS must match the material in use).
What information is on the MSDS?
There are nine (9) categories of information that must be present on an MSDS in Canada. These categories are specified in the Controlled Products Regulations and include:
- Product Information: product identifier (name), manufacturer and suppliers names, addresses, and emergency phone numbers
- Hazardous Ingredients
- Physical Data
- Fire or Explosion Hazard Data
- Reactivity Data: information on the chemical instability of a product and the substances it may react with
- Toxicological Properties: health effects
- Preventive Measures
- First Aid Measures
- Preparation Information: who is responsible for preparation and date of preparation of MSDS
The Controlled Products Regulations prescribes what information must be present in more detail.
Are MSDSs using the 16-heading format acceptable in Canada?
Yes, as long as two conditions are met. First, all the required information specified under Column III of Schedule I of the Controlled Products Regulations (CPR) must be addressed. All headings and subheadings that are on the MSDS must be addressed by providing the required information or by stating that the information is not available or not applicable, whichever is appropriate.
Second, the statement "This product has been classified in accordance with the hazard criteria of the CPR and the MSDS contains all of the information required by the CPR" must appear under the section heading "Regulatory Information".
Why is my MSDS so hard to understand?
Traditionally the intended readers of MSDSs were occupational hygienists and safety professionals. Now the audience also includes employers, workers, supervisors, nurses, doctors, emergency responders and workers. To ensure that MSDS users can quickly find the information that they need, the information should be in an easy-to-read format and written in a clear, precise and understandable manner.
For most people who work with controlled products, there are some sections that are more important than others. You should always read the name of the chemical, know the hazards, understand safe handling and storage instructions, as well as understand what to do in an emergency.
Is all the information I need on the MSDS?
Not necessarily. A lot of health hazard information, for example, is written in general terms. Your health and safety specialist, occupational health nurse or family doctor should be able to help you find more information if needed.
When would I use an MSDS?
Always be familiar with the hazards of a product BEFORE you start using it. You should look at a MSDS, match the name of the chemical on your container to the one on the MSDS, know the hazards, understand safe handling and storage instructions, as well as understand what to do in an emergency.
Why do some MSDSs look different?
MSDSs look different because only certain content of the MSDS is specified by law. The format is left up to the manufacturer or supplier who writes the MSDS. Some manufacturers/suppliers put more details in than what is required. However, the information for the nine basic categories must always be in a Canadian MSDS for a controlled product.
Can an MSDS be too old?
Yes. Under WHMIS law, an MSDS for a controlled product must not be more than three years old. If you are still using a product that you bought more than three years ago, you may not have a current MSDS. Contact the manufacturer or supplier again and ask for a newer version of the MSDS.
The three-year time limit does not apply to MSDSs for non-controlled products (i.e. products that do not meet WHMIS criteria).
How often should an MSDS be updated?
If new, significant information becomes available before the three years has elapsed, the supplier is required to update the product label and MSDS.
If there is no new information on the ingredients by the end of the three-year period, the supplier should review the MSDS and the label for accuracy, revise it where necessary, and revise the preparation date on the MSDS.
As an employer, do I have responsibilities for MSDSs?
Yes. Employers must make sure that all controlled products have an up-to-date (less than three years old) MSDS when it enters the workplace. The MSDSs must be readily available to the workers who are exposed to the controlled product and to the health and safety committee or representative. If a controlled product is made in the workplace, the employer has a duty to prepare an MSDS for any of these products.
Employers may computerize the MSDS information as long as all employees have access to and are trained on how to use the computer, the computers are kept in working order, and that the employer makes a hard copy of the MSDS available to the employee or safety and health committee/representative upon request.
Although every effort is made to ensure the accuracy, currency and completeness of the information, CCOHS does not guarantee, warrant, represent or undertake that the information provided is correct, accurate or current. CCOHS is not liable for any loss, claim, or demand arising directly or indirectly from any use or reliance upon the information. | <urn:uuid:376899fd-6190-4180-9b32-9fc016848eb0> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/legisl/msdss.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719155.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00333-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928029 | 1,353 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Updated: Aug 2
It is simply amazing to see that history still stands (quite literally) after so many centuries! Most of you have already heard of Cusco, which is located in South America. It attracts many tourists from countries all over the world to see the ancient Inca society, along with their extremely durable buildings. Their structures are so durable in fact, that after the Spanish conquistadors conquered their land, and built their own version of whatever walls they could, they lived to see them fall apart before their own eyes while the Inca structures kept standing. That begs the question, what made the Inca’s structures so practical?
The Inca’s did not use mortar for every structure they built . Their meticulous craftsmanship replaced the concrete bonding methods. You can see in the photos how each and every stone was split and chiseled to each and every stone next to it. This method is something we call Encased Coursed Masonry. This type of work not only requires a very skilled mason, but a lot of time to complete the work as well.
The seamless look wasn’t all there is to it. Notice how they cut them to fit so that the stone wouldn’t shift towards one direction or another over time. Much of the stone is cornered into the stone next to it. Those were one of the four methods the Incas used. With this method, seeing them shift is not of a concern because although they dance during a high magnitude earthquake, they fall right back into place.
If there is one thing we can learn from the fascinating stone/masonry example of old, it’s this – a quality job will last far longer than a quick install. Premium Bathrooms Corp truly understands this, and we apply quality into every tile or stone project we work on. To learn more about us and the services we provide, please visit our website or give us a call today!
*Referenced material in this blog: | <urn:uuid:c35ce138-1cde-47c7-8a9e-d17aba578aaf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.premium-bathrooms.com/post/the-finest-masonry-work-in-history | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.964412 | 410 | 3 | 3 |
You may have seen them tacked between “Apartment for Rent” signs and Club Metronome fliers, particularly if you’re given to wandering on the University of Vermont campus. The slightly oversized posters read:
Are you a healthy adult between the ages of 21 and 65? Do you watch at least 3 hours of TV per day on average? Would you like to know how watching TV affects your diet?
What sounds like a fairly pedestrian fact-finding pitch is actually part of a groundbreaking study launched by UVM’s Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences. Funded by the university and the USDA, and aiming to define the effects of reducing TV-viewing time on diet, physical activity and sleep patterns, the so-called “TView” research project has no precedent in the scientific community. As such, it is a coup for department chair Jean Harvey-Berino and doctoral student and study administrator Jennifer Otten.
While there’s been no shortage of research into the correlation between TV viewing and weight gain in children, no study has expanded to include adult test subjects, nor has any tracked sleep patterns. Most studies have relied on self-reporting rather than more reliable data to determine both viewing and eating habits. Each of those informational deficits is addressed by the TView study, which will continue through 2008.
A projected 44 men and women will participate; all will be overweight — with a body mass index of 25 to 50 — though otherwise healthy. And all, it seems, will have a certain amount of good humor: They’ll agree to wear an accelerometer to measure physical activity and to have a TV cut-off box installed in their set’s power source. Subjects will take frequent calls from researchers to report their dietary habits, will maintain a sleep log, and will welcome researchers into their homes three times for data-reporting visits.
The study will play out in two stages. The first three weeks will establish a baseline of subjects’ current TV-viewing, physical activity, eating and sleeping patterns. In the remaining three weeks, researchers will observe the effect reduced television viewing has on those parameters. Only half the subjects will actually have their TV hours reduced, however, in part to control for the possibility that simply knowing they are observed will change their behavior.
“No study has been conducted that had this sort of access to people’s homes,” Otten affirms. “Previously, data was typically self-reported about TV watching, which — as you might imagine — has some inconsistencies to it.”
The study employs an already-in-use parental device known as a “Bob” (made by Hopscotch Technology of Boulder, Colorado) that regulates the time a TV can remain on. By adding a single chip, the UVM researchers turned the popular screen-time controller into a data input and retrieval source. The gadget now tracks both duration of TV watching and when most of the viewing is concentrated — say, Sunday sports programs or a “Law and Order” marathon. Fans of “Miss America: Reality Check” needn’t be embarrassed; “Bob” can’t identify what is being watched, just how long the set is on.
“What we are trying to do is to begin to actually characterize sedentary behavior in adults,” says Harvey-Berino. “We may know how much TV adults watch, thanks to the [Nielsen Media Research] people, but what we don’t know is the relationship between not moving and eating and sleep patterns.”
Of course, the time spent “not moving” can also be attributed to use of video games, computers, PDAs, cellphones and the like — even books. But TV still rules, apparently, when it comes to maintaining human immobility.
“TV actually trumps computer time by 10 to 1,” offers Otten. “Computer time is going up, to be sure, but both Census and Bureau of Labor statistics say that TV is what we’re principally sitting in front of in the house.”
As for the study’s insistence that subjects be overweight, Otten notes that the objective is simply to test average people. Sadly, the average American is overweight — 66 percent of us, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Preven-tion. Though weight is measured at different points during the study, its relative brevity makes actual poundage less crucial than data related to activity, diet and sleep.
Can merely reducing the time people spend watching television result in an instant increase in their physical activity? Will subjects eat more or less? Better or worse? Does less TV translate into more, and better-quality, sleep? Being conscientious scientists, the UVM researchers are tight-lipped about the results so far, but Harvey-Berino ventures a guess.
“There’s already an established link between reducing kids’ TV time and them eating less,” she observes. “Interesting-ly, it’s not that they were more active; they just ate less. I’d expect to find similar results here. Since we’ll be able to track diet and activity,” she adds, “the data is going to be interesting, no matter what.”
However forward-thinking the study may be, Harvey-Berino envisions it as just a beginning. For now, she’s constrained by budget to subjects in the Chittenden County area, but ultimately she’d like to broaden the test area. She’s also thinking about tracking adult use of DVD players, cellphones and other devices.
For now, the study certainly offers food for thought. Did you eat that whole bag of chips because you were hungry, or because you needed something to munch on during “Lost”?
Subjects are still needed for the TView study; compensation up to $250 will be given to approved candidates. Info, http://www.uvm.edu/~tview | <urn:uuid:7e04bc87-f72e-44f4-a61d-a61301380426> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.sevendaysvt.com/vermont/they-like-to-watch/Content?oid=2133074 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00164-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956482 | 1,269 | 2.5 | 2 |
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[Episcopal News Service] A huge step toward healing for Magdalena, a teen-aged victim of human trafficking, came through the Guadalupe Art Program, a ministry of the Cathedral of St. Paul in theDiocese of San Diego and the Rev. Mary Moreno Richardson.
When Magdalena (whose identity was withheld for her protection) was able to connect with Our Lady of Guadalupe, a central spiritual image in Latino culture, she was able to view herself as lovable and could begin to reclaim her life, said Richardson, the cathedral canon for Hispanic ministries.
"Through art, the girls use the image of Guadalupe as their model and paint themselves into her corona, placing themselves within her loving aura. In doing this, they regain the ability to see their own beauty again," said Richardson, whose bright yellow San Diego office overflows with self-portraits of young-women-as-Guadalupe, art supplies and musical instruments.
Wednesday, August 25, 2010
Our Lady of Guadalupe and healing through art
As some of you may know, I am much taken by Our Lady of Guadalupe, who is huge in the spirituality of Mexico and Central America. I am especially smitten with the art of Guadalupe and have a small collection at home.
My own sense of this is that Guadalupe is a manifestation of the Holy Spirit. But that is not what I am writing about today.
The Episcopal Cathedral of St. Paul in San Diego has an extraordinary art program for troubled young women who paint self-portraits using the Guadalupe motif.
The paintings help bring healing to those who paint them. I want to applaud and highlight their amazing work. Episcopal News Service wrote about the San Diego program yesterday:
To read the full article, click HERE. | <urn:uuid:fb5bd178-e539-44d9-b0ab-592c3bbfd709> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://spmcrector.blogspot.com/2010/08/our-lady-of-guadalupe-and-healing.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00198-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959334 | 375 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Return |35th Inf| 36th Inf| 37th Inf| 37th Hist|14th Art| 135th | Navy| Histories| Service| Pensions| Letters| Medal/Poster |Search |Contact |Home
REGIMENTAL SERVICE RECORDS
1st NORTH CAROLINA COLORED VOLUNTEERS /
35th UNITED STATES COLORED INFANTRY
COMMANDS: [ 1st NCCV ]
June 30, 1863 - Organized at New Berne, NC and Portsmouth, VA.
To December, 1863 - Attached to Wild’s African Brigade, US Forces, Folly Island, SC, 10th Army Corps, Dept. of the South.
To February, 1864 - 3rd Brigade, Vodge’s Division, Folly Island, SC.
February 8, 1864 - Redesignated the 35th U.S. Colored Infantry.
COMMANDS: [ 35th USCT ]
February 8, 1864 - Organized from 1st North Carolina Colored Infantry.
February, 1864 - Attached to Montgomery's Brigade, District of Florida, Dept. of the South.
To April, 1864 - 2nd Brigade, Vodges' Division, District of Florida, Dept. of the South.
To October, 1864 - District of Florida, Dept. of the South.
To November, 1864 - 4th Separate Brigade, Dept. of the South.
To December, 1864 - 2nd Brigade, Coast Division, Dept. of the South.
To March, 1865 - 4th Separate Brigade, Dept. of the South.
To August, 1865 - 1st Separate Brigade, Dept. of the South.
To June 1, 1866 - Dept. of the South - Mustered Out of Service.
SERVICE: [ 1st NCCV ]
July 29 - August 9, 1863 - Transferred from Dept. of Virginia and North Carolina to Folly Island, SC.
To February, 1864 - Operations on Folly and Morris Islands against Fort Sumter and Charleston, SC.
[ July 3 - December 30, 1863 - A detachment at New Berne, NC which participated in: ]
July 3-7, 1863 - Raid on Wilmington & Weldon Railroad;
October 30, 1863 - Fort Mill near New Berne, NC;
November 25 - December 30, 1863 - Near Greenville, NC.
[ December 5-24, 1863 - A detachment at Portsmouth, VA which participated in: ]
Expedition to South Mill, Camden, NC, etc.)
February 8, 1864 - Designation of Regiment changed to 35th US Colored Troops.
February 13-16, 1864 - Moved to Jacksonville, FL.
SERVICE: [ 35th USCT ]
February 14-22, 1864 - Expedition to Lake City, FL.
February 20, 1864 - (National Park Service - Battle of Olustee, FL.)
February - November, 1864 - Duty at Jacksonville, FL.
May 19-27, 1864 - Operations on St. Johns River, FL.
May23, 1864 - Horse Head Landing, FL.
July, 1-10, 1864 - Four Companies detached on Expedition to James Island, SC.
July 3, 1864 - King's Creek, SC.
July 23-28, 1864 - Raid from Jacksonville upon Baldwin, FL.
July 24, 1864 - South Fork, Black Creek, FL.
July 27, 1864 - Black Creek near Whitesides, FL.
August 15-19, 1864 - Raid on Florida Railroad.
November 25, 1864 - Ordered from Jacksonville to Hilton Head, SC.
November 28-30, 1864 - Expedition to Boyd's Neck, SC.
November 30, 1864 (National Park Service - Battle of Honey Hill, SC.)
December, 1864 - March, 1865 - Return to Jacksonville, FL.
March, 1865 - June, 1866 - To Charleston, SC.
The Civil War in Charleston - Civil War @ Charleston, SC Site
National Park Service - Charleston Harbor, SC.
Duty there & various points in the Dept. of the South.
June 1, 1866 - Mustered Out at Charleston, South Carolina.
Regiment lost during service:
4 Officers and 49 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 1 Officer and 151 Enlisted men by disease. Total 205.
Source: Frederick H. Dyer. A Compendium of the War of the Rebellion. Vol. 2. Dayton, OH: Morningside, 1979. p. 1472 and p. 1729.
© 1998-2005McGowan / Sheppard
©2009 to present by the NCGenWeb Project
NCGenWeb Military Project: U.S. Colored Troops | <urn:uuid:f9ddab3c-f25d-43c5-99a6-151d742a9b48> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ncgenweb.us/ncusct/35thregt.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00559-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.879163 | 1,023 | 2.484375 | 2 |
WASHINGTON — Americans are growing increasingly optimistic about the future of the U.S. economy, and likely voters trust Republican Mitt Romney slightly more than President Barack Obama to do a better job of managing it, an Associated Press-GfK poll shows.
On the cusp of an election offering stark choices on how best to handle the economy, 60 percent of Americans still describe the current economic situation as poor, but almost as many think things will get better in the coming year. More voters expect the number of unemployed to go down, too. Forty-two percent anticipate improvement in the jobs picture, up 10 percentage points from a month ago.
For all of the shifting dynamics in economic expectations and voters’ growing comfort with Romney, though, the presidential race is still a virtual dead heat, with Romney favored by 47 percent of likely voters and Obama by 45 percent, a result within the poll’s margin of sampling error.
And what matters most in the election endgame is Romney’s standing in the handful of states whose electoral votes still are up for grabs. And polls in a number of those battleground states still appear to favor Obama.
After a commanding first debate performance and a generally good month, Romney has gained ground with Americans on a number of important fronts, including his overall favorability rating and voters’ impressions of his ability to understand their problems. He’s also sharply narrowed the gender gap, with women now split evenly between the two candidates and Romney holding a slight edge among men.
At the same time, expectations that Obama will be re-elected have slipped: Half of voters now expect the president to win a second term, down from 55 percent a month earlier.
Seventeen percent of likely voters in the survey reported they’ve already cast ballots, a sharp reminder to the candidates that they have little time left to sway voters.
Among those yet to vote, the economy is a recurring theme as they explain their decisions:
Monica Jensen, a 55-year-old independent from Mobile, Ala., says she voted for Obama in 2008 but will shift her vote to Romney this time, largely because of the economy.
“I’m ready for a change,” she said. “I want to see the economy go in a different direction.”
Ginny Lewis, a Democrat and 72-year-old retired district attorney from Princeton, Ky., says she’ll vote for Romney because “I’m tired of the Republicans blaming all the debt on Democrats, so let them take over and see what they do.”
Not that she’s optimistic about how that will turn out, though. “I think things will get worse before they get better,” she said.
Lindsey Hornbaker, a 25-year-old graduate student and nanny, hasn’t been swayed by Romney’s charm offensive.
Hornbaker, interviewed Wednesday in Davenport, Iowa, where she was attending an Obama rally, said Romney can tweak his tone but not what she sees as a record focused far more on top income earners and out of touch with most working families.
“I heard him go out of his way to sound so moderate during the debate,” she said. “And I thought: ‘Who is this? Where did this come from?’ He may sound like he’s focused on the middle class. But where’s the record?”
As the election nears, Romney has been playing down social issues and trying to project a more moderate stance on matters such as abortion in an effort to court female voters. The AP-GfK poll, taken Friday through Tuesday, shows Romney pulling even with Obama among women at 47-47 after lagging by 16 points among women a month earlier.
But now his campaign is grappling with the fallout from a comment by a Romney-endorsed Senate candidate in Indiana, who said that when a woman becomes pregnant during a rape “that’s something God intended.”
Romney quickly distanced himself from the remark by Republican Richard Mourdock.
But Obama was happy to keep the matter current, telling a crowd in Florida on Thursday: “As we saw again this week, I don’t think any politician in Washington, most of whom are male, should be making health care decisions for women,” Obama said. “Women can make those decisions themselves.”
A renewed focus on social issues would be an unwelcome development for Romney: Among female likely voters, 55 percent say Obama would make the right decisions on women’s issues, compared with 41 percent who think Romney would.
Romney’s pitch to women has been focused squarely on the economy, making the case that what women want most is to ensure their families and their country are on a solid financial footing. The poll shows that message appears to be taking root.
A month ago, women favored Obama over Romney on the economy 56 percent to 40 percent. Now, the split has shifted to 49 percent for Romney and 45 percent for Obama.
Similarly, Obama’s lead among women as the candidate who better understands the people’s problems has narrowed considerably, from a 58-36 Obama advantage last month to a 50-43 Obama edge now.
Obama, meanwhile, has been working to shore up his support among men, who tend to be more Republican than women. In the 2008 election, men broke 49 percent for Obama to 48 percent for John McCain, even though Obama got 53 percent of the vote overall. The president’s job approval ratings among men have tended to fall below his ratings among women throughout his first term.
A month ago, Romney’s advantage among men was 13 percentage points. Now, it’s down to 5 points, with most of the shift toward Obama coming among unmarried men.
Obama’s election chances hinge on turning out voters like Jon Gerton, a disabled construction worker from Jonesboro, Ark. Gerton’s a staunch Obama supporter — but he didn’t vote in 2008.
“It takes longer than four years to get things to the point where things are going better,” Gerton said. “Four years, it’s not very long.”
There has been a gender gap in every presidential election since 1980. In 2008, women were 7 percentage points more likely than men to vote for Obama.
Count Chrysta Walker, of Cedar Lake, Ind., among the voters who are sticking with Obama because they think he’s got the right solutions for the fragile economy.
“He’s got the middle class at heart,” says the 58-year-old Walker. On the economy, she says, Obama “did as well as could be expected because he didn’t get a lot of cooperation.”
David Bierwirth, who owns an autograph sales business in Las Vegas, turned out at a Romney rally in Henderson this week to show his support for the GOP nominee. To Bierwirth, his vote for Romney is all about the economy.
“I want people back to work,” he says, “because then they will buy my products.”
The Associated Press-GfK poll was conducted Oct. 19-23 by GfK Roper Public Affairs & Corporate Communications. It involved landline and cellphone interviews with 1,186 adults nationwide, including 839 likely voters. Results for the full sample have a margin of sampling error of plus or minus 3.5 percentage points; for likely voters it is 4.2 points.
AP News Survey Specialist Dennis Junius and Stacy A. Anderson in Washington, Thomas Beaumont in Davenport, Iowa, and Ken Ritter in Henderson, Nev., contributed to this report.
Follow Nancy Benac on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/nbenac
Follow Jennifer Agiesta on Twitter: http://www.twitter.com/JennAgiesta | <urn:uuid:c806fb37-3fab-4434-8d05-2df2030c0240> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.macombdaily.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20121026/NEWS06/121029643 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718866.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00003-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964244 | 1,673 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Kepler Marks Five Years in Space
Five years ago today, on March 6, 2009, NASA's Kepler Space Telescope rocketed into the night skies above Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida to find planets around other stars, called exoplanets, in search of potentially habitable worlds.
Since then, Kepler has unveiled a whole new side of our galaxy -- one that is teeming with planets. Because of Kepler we now know that most stars have planets, Earth-sized planets are common, and planets quite unlike those in our solar system exist.
Small Satellite Market - Global Forecast to 2021
By analyzing Kepler data, scientists have identified more than 3,600 candidates believed to be planets, and verified that 961 of those candidates actually are planets, many as small as Earth. Discoveries made using Kepler now account for more than half of all the known exoplanets.
"During the last five years, Kepler has produced results needed to take the next big step forward in humankind's search for life in our galaxy— providing information needed for future missions that will ultimately determine the atmospheric composition of Earth-sized exoplanets to discover if they could be habitable," said William Borucki, Kepler principal investigator at NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif.
Kepler's finds include planets that orbit in the habitable zone, the range of distances from a star where the surface temperature of an orbiting planet may be suitable for life-giving liquid water. One example of a habitable zone planet found by the mission is known as Kepler-22b. At 2.4 times the size of Earth, it is thought to be too big to be rocky and support life. Scientists believe other habitable zone planets found by the Kepler mission might be rocky, such as Kepler-62f, which is 40 percent larger in size than Earth.
A twin to Earth -- a planet with the same temperature and size as Earth -- has not yet been identified, but the analysis is far from over as scientists continue to search the Kepler data for the tiny signature of such a planet.
Other Kepler discoveries include hundreds of star systems hosting multiple planets, and have established a new class of planetary system where planets orbit more than one sun.
In August of last year, the mission ended its science observations after a faulty reaction wheel affected the telescope's ability to point precisely. The mission may be able to operate in a different mode, and continue to do science. This next-generation mission proposal, called K2, will be considered for funding by NASA in the 2014 Astrophysics Senior Review of Operating Missions.
Ames is responsible for the Kepler mission concept, ground system development, mission operations and science data analysis. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., managed Kepler mission development. Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp. in Boulder, Colo., developed the Kepler flight system and supports mission operations with the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics at the University of Colorado in Boulder. The Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore archives, hosts and distributes Kepler science data. Kepler is NASA's 10th Discovery Mission and was funded by the agency's Science Mission Directorate.
Source : NASA | <urn:uuid:c0fc7770-eaf4-4c5b-96a4-8144a0b59fcf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.asdnews.com/news-53882/Kepler_Marks_Five_Years_in_Space_.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00289-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92 | 637 | 3.828125 | 4 |
Gulliver’s Valley, the new theme park that is due to open in the spring next to Rother Valley Country Park in Rotherham, Yorkshire, is currently undergoing some finishing touches.
The £37 million theme park will feature more than 70 rides and attractions. One key attraction will be a Lost World zone with animatronic dinosaurs.
Gulliver’s Valley will be the fourth Gulliver’s theme park in Britain. The park is designed for children aged two to 13. As well as the Lost Dinosaur World, other attractions include an interactive soft play area, spinning coaster, laser tag and a water play area.
11 rides have been confirmed so far at Gulliver’s Valley, including a T-Rex Tower splash ride and River Tour, both in the Lost World zone. Blackbeard’s Barrels will be located in the Smugglers Wharf, where the Ghostly Galleon boat ride can also be found. There will also be a Lilliput Land carousel, a Toyland Ferris Wheel, and Frantic Fire Trucks, where youngsters will able to sample what it’s like to be a firefighter by spurting water jets at ‘burning’ buildings.
Other rides include Apache Falls, Prairie Ponies, the Sioux City Express and Desperado Drop, all located in Western World.
An official opening date for Gulliver’s Valley has not yet been set but the park is expected to open in the spring. | <urn:uuid:a50fd771-8eb5-466e-9bcb-a4f7fb035de9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://chinaattractionsexpo.org/2020/02/17/park-reports/final-touches-being-made-to-gullivers-valley-in-yorkshire/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.931189 | 320 | 1.507813 | 2 |
It’s been a month now and I still can’t stop myself from rushing to the terrace in the morning, after a night of heavy rain.
After several months of seeking ways (unsuccessfully!) to harvest rainwater for our apartment, we had arrived at an elementary solution. Most local experts whose advice and opinion we sought were unable to help. Even the internet tips were of little use since they dealt with individual houses and/or entire apartment buildings.
Though our terrace is fairly large, we realised that the catchment area (the area which directly receives the rainfall and provides water to the harvesting system) is limited to the roof above the terrace room (approximately 120 sq ft). So after a lot of searching and researching, we decided to re-route the pipeline from this area to a rooftop storage tank.
Perhaps this is not the most scientific or efficient answer as rainwater should ideally be used to recharge the ground water, but we felt we needed to make a start, and a lot of time (and rain) had already been lost! And I must say it is most fulfilling to be able to use this water for watering plants, washing clothes, cleaning the toilets. It has also helped us on days of water shortage or reduced water supply. We are now more hopeful of finding an efficient and low-cost method to harvest rainwater for the entire apartment building too.
A recent article on Jeff D’Lemos and his keenness to help people conserve rainwater would be useful for others looking for solutions. Other useful links include rainwaterclub and aboutrainwaterharvesting.com.
We are relatively lucky to live in Bangalore that receives rainfall not just from the north-east and south-west monsoon, but also has its fair share of convectional rainfall. Can you imagine the amount of water we could save if each of us were to make a tiny start? It does not involve too much time or effort or money, just the inclination and concern. ⊕ | <urn:uuid:b112e53d-679e-4751-b916-850bc644c2c2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://blogs.citizenmatters.in/adventures-of-an-eco-nut/659-conserving-rainwater-659 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.97509 | 412 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Elmhurst Energy Launches New Legionella Risk Assessment Scheme
Elmhurst Energy has launched a new training and accreditation scheme that gives property professionals and Domestic Energy Assessors (DEAs) all the knowledge, skills and tools to offer Legionella Risk Assessments.
In the right conditions Legionella bacteria can exist in the water system of a domestic property and if left may lead to Legionnaire's disease, a potentially fatal form of Pneumonia. Under health and safety law, landlords of residential properties must ensure the health and safety of their tenants.
However a Legionella Risk Assessment will accurately identify, assess and manage the sources of risk which will help landlords and tenants meet their legal obligations. The Legionella Risk Assessment scheme not only enhances a DEAs existing skill set but also provides an additional revenue stream for them.
The risk assessments also compliment a DEAs existing workload as they are quick and easy to complete and can be performed in hours of darkness, which is a limitation for traditional energy assessments. If you would like more information about Elmhurst's Legionella Risk Assessment Scheme and the training provided please click below. | <urn:uuid:d40ab0c3-5d8f-49cd-9e37-5845b43b7d7e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.elmhurstenergy.co.uk/news/2015/elmhurst-energy-launches-new-legionella-risk-assessment-scheme | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00050-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921345 | 227 | 1.640625 | 2 |
January 8th, 2016
Episode 1082 of 1306 episodes
Emma Donoghue talks to Kirsty Lang about adapting her best-selling novel Room into a BAFTA nominated film, starring Brie Larson as a woman trapped in a shed with her child. Matt Wolf reviews the European premiere of Grey Gardens, a musical based on the influential 1975 documentary of the same name, a riveting fly-on-the-wall account of an ageing mother and daughter living and together in squalor in a Long Island mansion. Andrew Michael Hurley, winner of the Costa First Novel award for The Loney, discusses his unsettling tale set in 1976 on a wild section of the North West coast. Diplomatic correspondent Bridget Kendall reviews Occupied, a new Norwegian drama series that imagines Russia has invaded Norway. Presenter: Kirsty Lang Producer: Timothy Prosser.
From finding awe in Hubble images to visiting the doctor, science is everywhere in our lives. Whether we wear a white lab coat or haven't seen a test tube since eighth grade, science affects and changes us. We all have a story about science, and at The Story Collider, we want to hear those stories. | <urn:uuid:2e6fa2ce-7253-45a8-be35-d172e359c5b1> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.podcastchart.com/podcasts/front-row-daily/episodes/emma-donaghue-on-room-grey-gardens-andrew-michael-hurley-occupied | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988722951.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183842-00210-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.929253 | 241 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Assignment: Is the protection of children and the advocacy of child rights needed more than ever in the world today?
Children are the future of mankind. The type of education they receive, the values they are taught, the environment in which they are brought up and what they learn from adults determines the future of mankind. If children are brought up in a very hostile environment, they would grow up to become violent adults and the world would turn into a world of violence and crime. The very same luxuries which we take for granted such as the air we breathe, the natural resources like coal, petroleum, natural gas and water do not belong to us, but belong to our sons and daughters we have simply borrowed it from them. It is our duty to ensure that they get the opportunity to enjoy these resources.
The protection of children and the advocacy of child rights is needed more than ever in today’s world. The world most of us live in is safe, secure and we do not witness any form of abuse of children. In most third world countries, war, uprising, rebellion and political instability have denied most families basic amenities. Children are forced to work and fend for themselves because what their parents earn is not sufficient to support their family. Even in developed countries like India, children are unsafe. There are begging rackets where children are kidnapped and they are asked to go around town begging for money. Sometimes even their hands or legs are cut off because people take pity and pay them more.
Even human trafficking is on a rise; girls are kidnapped from villages and their home towns and are put in brothels or sold as sex slaves. The mafia has many government officials and enforcers on their payroll and the laws are not enforced properly. In many poor countries children are forced to work in factories under hazardous working conditions. Many of these children lose their eyesight as a result of working near hot furnaces in stuffy rooms with poor lighting. We must make sure that these children are protected and they must be given a basic education. They are our future and how we treat them determines the future of mankind. | <urn:uuid:32b42c04-0962-4b22-a6d7-d571ee08da91> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.englishclub.com/esl-forums/viewtopic.php?f=239&t=64019&p=394459 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00061-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980144 | 427 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Physicochemical properties, fatty acids, phenolic compounds, and mineral contents of 12 Serbia regional and commercial almond cultivars
Authorized Users Only
Ozcan, Mehmet Musa
MetadataShow full item record
The oil contents of almond kernels were determined between 37.60% (Selection 25) and 49.10% (Tuono). Total carotenoid and total flavonoid contents of almond kernels varied between 0.21 mu g/g (Nessebar) and 1.85 mu g/g (Teteny Botermo) to 44.75 mg/100 g (Selection 25) and 479.13 mg/100 g (Teteny Rekord), respectively. In addition, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity values of almond kernels changed between 6.04 mg GAE/100 g (Ne Plus Ultra) and 83.19 mg GAE/100 g (Teteny Rekord) to 4.55% (Selection 25) and 90.15% (Teteny Rekord), respectively. Oleic acid contents of almond kernel oils were determined between 61.39% (Ne Plus Ultra) and 73.51% (Texas), linoleic acid contents of oil samples varied between 16.02% (Masbovera) and 30.60% (Ne Plus Ultra). Gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, (+)-catechin, 1,2-dihydroxybenzene, syringic acid, caffeic acid, and quercetin were the key phenolic constituents of kernels showed partly differences depending on almond varieties. Almond ...kernels are rich in K, P, Ca, Mg, Na, and S elements. Practical applications Almonds are used as ingredients in a variety of processed foods such as bakery and confectionery products, almond milk, and almond fermented milk. The roasted almond kernels used in desserts, salads, and ice-creams is a popular snack in Turkey. Almonds are considered to be a valuable source of plant proteins in the human diet. Almonds have recognized health benefits, due to high fatty acids, phenolics, and proteins. The most important unsaturated fatty acids of almond oils are oleic and linoleic acids. Phenolic compounds comprise a large and heterogeneous group of secondary plant metabolites distributed widely throughout the plant kingdom.
Source:Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 2020
- Wiley, Hoboken | <urn:uuid:f3e939d0-2aea-4d3c-9128-d2c55ce48241> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aspace.agrif.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/5300 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.886467 | 592 | 2.078125 | 2 |
History and Archaeology
Situation: Bounded by the south side of Melville Drive and extending beyond Whitehouse Loan to Bruntsfield Place, Terrace and Crescent.
Area: 36.2 acres (14.661 hectares)
Bruntsfield Links is the easterly part of what was the famous old Borough Muir, wherein 1513 King James IV reviewed his troops before they set off to the fatal field of Flodden. The Borough Muir or Myre, was gifted to the 'Magistrates, Council and Community of the City' by David 1 of Scotland and once extended westwards from what is now the Dalkeith Road area Merchiston, and southwards to the Pow Burn.
In those ancient times, not only did the moor abound with oak trees, but outlaws and Edinburgh outcasts made it their home. It was not a place to be caught after dark, but the Scottish nobility once used it for their hunting ground, when deer and wild boar were plentiful.
"Great stone quarries" are recorded on the site and old Edinburgh Town Centre minutes indicate that one Patrick Carfrae, deacon of the masons, was given permission to dig for stones there in 1599. Quarrying continued on the Links for at least 200 years and rightful concern was expressed from time to time about their depth and danger.
Up to 1878 is was upheld by the magistrates and Council as a portion of Common Good property and in 1741 an important priority was declared in the contract with John Hog, who had been given permission to "dig for stanes" for the refurbishment of tenements at the Luckenbooths. On no account, he was instructed, must he interfere in any way or on any part of the Links used for "the citizens' diversion and recreation in the golf".
"The Gowf" took precedence over everything, from stopping a road being built through the park to the prevention of exercising horses. Even Sir Walter Scott, in his capacity as secretary of the Royal Edinburgh Light Dragoons, was informed that drilling his troops on the Links' most hallowed golfing turf would not be permitted. The Links became the home of several golf clubs, the most ancient being today's Royal Burgess club, which traces its roots back to 1735.
As the city expanded and increasing fues were allocated, first houses and then the streets began to eat into this important green space, until the Edinburgh Improvement Act of 1827 called a halt to the encroachment. Those dearly-defended 30 acres today are one of the prides of the Bruntsfield area with their splendid presentations of elm, sycamore, maple, ash, lime, white beam and other varieties like cherry, hawthorn, chestnut, crab apple and oak. They make summer a visual treat. Apart from a stone seat at the highest point, bearing initials and several dates, the oldest being 1848, there are no reminders of the past. Even the once popular putting green at Bruntsfield Place has now gone. But like those ancient golfers who swung their way with vigour across the Links that same pleasure of a stroll over one of Edinburgh's green delights continues today for local residents and visitors alike.
Facilities: Short golf course, walks, benches and toilets. On bus route. Access for disabled.
Situation: To the north side of Melville Drive.
Area: 58.4 acres (22.032 hectares).
The Meadows remain one of the most important open spaces in Edinburgh and one of the most popular. In a city built on hills, the flat, wide-open green sward of the Meadows, set in a treescape of more than 1,200 elm, sycamore, maple, ash, lime, beech, cherry willow, poplar, chestnut, oak and other varieties, the enfolding south side of the city in dramatic skyline silhouette, with sweeping panoramas beyond, conjure sharp and pleasing contrasts - yet it is less than a mile from Princes Street. This was once the site of the wind-swept Borough-Loch, which was part of the historic old Borough Muir and one of the main water supplies for Edinburgh's Old Town.
As the years passed, the loch took three names: the Borough Loch; the South Loch to draw the distinction with the North Loch, now occupied by the railway line at the foot of the Castle Rock in Princes Street Gardens; then Stration's Loch after John Stration, who unsuccessfully attempted to drain it and the surrounding marshlands in 1658.
In the olden days the loch was inevitably used for washing animals and, when no one was looking, a depository for rubbish of all kinds, in spite of it being a water supply and dumping strictly forbidden.
In times of drought the quality of the water dropped with the level of the loch and a dyke was built at Lochrin to try to contain and control the water. It is recorded that a vandal of ancient times was jailed for knocking down part of the Lochrin dyke.
In 1722 the Loch was leased to Thomas Hope of Rankeillour for 57 years at the annual rent of £800 Scots. Hope's task was to complete the drainage, create a 24-foot wide walk, enclosed by a hedge and a row of trees on each side; build a 30-foot wide walkway from north to south, lined by a hedge and lime trees, with a narrow canal on nine feet on each side.
The suggested names for the new park were Hope's Park, after the lessee, or The Meadow. Almost three centuries later, both names live on in Hope Park Crescent and Hope Park Terrace and today the Meadows, intersected by Middle Meadow Walk (opened in 1743), Jawbone Walk and Coronation Walk, are properly in the plural.
From the beginning, the Meadows was another Edinburgh delight. Capital citizens came to admire and walk its surrounds of "one mile and a-half and 135syards English measure".
When Melville Drive was opened in 1859 as part of the South Side development, it brought a further wave of popularity and at weekends, in particular, a steady procession of carriages brought the great and the good of the city to walk or play or picnic as families, parade in the latest fashions or push perambulator to provide Edinburgh's future generations with " the fresh and scented air of "The Meadows".
As the city grew, even then threatening precious green places, the far -sighted "environmentalists" of their day saw the need for protection. The Edinburgh Improvement Act of 1827 stipulated that "should not be competent for the Lord Provost, Magistrates and Council, or any other person, without the sanction of Parliament obtained for the express purpose, at any time thereafter to erect buildings of any kind upon any part of the grounds called the Meadows or Bruntsfield Links so far as the same belong in property to the Lord Provost, Magistrates and Council".
Further later acts reinforced this firm statement and when the Commissioners of Police leased the Meadows for a period of 39 years in 1853, undertaking to keep them as a Public Park but relieving the Corporation of all costs and burdens, it was acknowledged that they had passed into safe keeping.
Over the centuries the Meadows have provided Edinburgh's sports men and women a full range of activities. From football, bowling, tennis, cricket, croquet, quoiting, a strip for toxopholite clubs (as archery was once called) and even target practice for the Royal Company of Archers themselves. Hundreds turned up for the old bandstand concerts, but plans for a Meadows racecourse were turned down in 1842. When the great International Exhibition of Industry, Science and Art was held in the West Meadows during the summer 1886, Edinburgh and its Meadows site were given worldwide recognition.
Still in the West Meadows, commemorating the opening of the exhibition, of an interesting and important piece of sculpture. The Prince Albert Sundial is an octagonal pillar with a bronze armillary sphere atop which acts as a sundial. Eight of the 11 stone courses are from a different quarry with varying colours. From the base they are: Moat (red); Corncockle (red); Whitsome Newton (yellow); Cragg (yellow); Myreton (blue); Ballochmyte (red); Myreton (blue); and Redhall (yellow). At the top of the pillar are shields with the coronet of the Prince, the arms of the Marquis of Lothian, the cipher of the Lord Provost and with the city Arms and the Scottish Arms ant the advice: "Tak tent o' time, ere time be tint".
Likewise, at the west end of Melville Drive, the 26-feet high commemorative octagonal stone pillars from a number of quarries were erected by the Master Builder and Operative Masons of Edinburgh to mark the exhibition. They are rendered in different styles and at the tops sit 7-ft high unicorns, with 24 shields present the Arms of Scotland, England and Ireland, coats of arms of 19 Scottish burghs and the crest of the Edinburgh masons. The whale's jawbone arch at the Melville Drive end of Jawbone Walk also celebrates the exhibition and was presented by the Zetland and Fair Isle knitting stand.
Another of those unexpected and fascinating Edinburgh memorials is also situated in the Meadows. Close to the Jawbone is the little fountain dedicated to Helen Acquroff, the blind Edinburgh musician and singer who graced the city's concert halls and theatres in the second half of the 19th century. During the programme she would compose a verse or two about the guest of honour or dignitaries in the audience and, at the end of the evening, give her special rendering to the delight of everyone.
Helen Acquroff was also a force on the city's temperance platforms, when she adopted the name of Sister Cathedral and it is fittingly reflected in the inscription on the pedestal of her fountain. Click here
to go to our page about the Helen Acquroff fountain.
Situated just behind Edinburgh Royal Infirmary and close to Edinburgh University, the Meadows remain as popular as ever and continues to be a major attraction for holding all kinds of events from circuses to tented theatre. The role of the Meadows will have to be reconsidered in the future when the old Edinburgh Royal Infirmary is vacated as it moves to a new site and the new Lauriston village is created in its place.
The trees of the Meadows and the adjoining Bruntsfield Links must have the last word. They make a major impact on the city's treescape. Among those not already mentioned are cherry, crab apple, rowan, alder, birch and almond trees. It is interesting to note a third of the trees - more than 400 - are elms. Their vulnerability to the rampant Dutch Elm disease and the future look of the Meadows is obvious.
From Edinburgh's Green Heritage by Ian Nimmo
Reproduced Courtesy of The Recreation Department, City of Edinburgh
The archaeology of the Meadows landscape
The present layout of the Meadows is the result of several centuries of adaptation of the local environment. As is well known, the Meadows was a water-filled hollow which was only gradually drained and in filled.
Recent excavations on the north side of the Meadows revealed what appears from a distant inspection to be fine white riverine silt under a later deposit of heavier clayey soils. With such overlay of dumped material covering the original ground surface, there is little evidence of any earlier occupation or land use.
The draining of the Meadows began in the early eighteenth century and was soon followed by the creation of the primary element of what maybe termed its designed landscape: Middle Meadow Walk.
Created by Thomas Hope after 1722, this was essentially a raised causeway across the partially drained morass that was the remains of the former loch. This provided a path for the then fashionable exercise of strolling. This path was widened by the purchase of adjacent land from the George Heriot's Trust. In form it is outwardly a mere path, but it was conceived of as an improvement to the city, a route linking the urban centre with the countryside in a controlled civilized manner that would be appreciated by eighteenth century sensibility.
An undated letter of this period commented on how Mr. Hope had beautified the Meadows wonderfully and made it into another St. James Park (NAS GD189/2/164).
Avenues were an essential feature of the great gardens of this period, emulating the great gardens of Versailles. The walk was carefully laid out with the spire of St. Giles as a focal point at its northern end. Its southern end, at least in the early nineteenth century, terminated at the Cage, a sort of summerhouse that acted as a place of refreshment.
Middle Meadow Walk, therefore, was not just a path but was conceived of as a garden walk, a stretch of nature tamed and civilized. It is the tradition of great avenues with monumental foci, either existing or created for the purpose.
Scottish examples include the gardens of Kinross House, focused on Loch Leven Castle, and Newliston with avenues aligned on historic structures including Alloa Tower.
In the urban context Middle Meadow Walk may be compared with the great Parisian avenues that radiated out from the centre of the city, where walking was a fashionable activity. In London, The Mall, laid out in 1660, and St. James Park, once a water meadow like the Meadows, offered similar facilities. New Walk, York was laid out along the riverside in the 1730s for the fashionable recreation of the inhabitants.
Middle Meadow Walk was laid out by Thomas Hope as a thirty foot wide walkway, enclosed on each side by a hedge and lime trees. The walk also was to be bordered by a narrow canal, nine feet wide. Ornamental canals were a feature of the great European gardens of the period. The remains of a double bank can still be seen flanking Middle Meadow Walk in its central section, especially in low light; this is probably the remains of the canal, a feature that still fills with water after heavy rain.
The depth of the Meadows before infilling can be seen on the OS 1:1056 town plan of Edinburgh of 1849-53. This shows a water pipe, now underground and recently renewed, as passing over the Meadows raised on a covered conduit with a dry arch under its deepest park, in the centre of the Meadows.
The 1849-53 plan also marks a 'sheep ree' on the west side of Middle Meadow Walk about where the information board has been erected. A 'ree' was an enclosure for animals; and the sheep may have served the role of environment-friendly lawn mowers. The eastern end of the Meadows is covered with a large area of posts, over 100 in eight rows. These may have acted as a huge drying green, although a more industrial use such as bleaching is a possibility.
Edinburgh International Exhibition
leads to our page about the Edinburgh International Exhibition, 1886.
Helen Acquroff Fountain
to go to our page about the Helen Acquroff fountain.
The Nelson Pillars
to go to our page about the Nelson Pillars.
Here are some historical pictures of the area | <urn:uuid:273d588b-b3b5-498c-a108-9bd808f13add> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://fombl.org.uk/hist.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.958442 | 3,208 | 1.992188 | 2 |
Wheel of Awareness is one of my favorite Mindfulness practices. Developed by Daniel J. Siegel, I learned it many years ago while attending a training he conducted with Jack Kornfield. They are such excellent teachers!
This is a somewhat advanced practice because it requires the ability to sustain attention, observing both within and outside of yourself. It is an excellent experience of shifting awareness, on purpose.
We begin by imagining a wagon wheel which represents our awareness. The wheel’s hub is the very center of that awareness. From that hub, we can send spokes of awareness out to notice different areas on the wheel’s rim and then pull awareness back to our center.
We divide the rim of the wheel into four areas. The upper left quadrant represents the Outer World. The upper right holds our Interior Body. The lower right area of the rim is where we notice Mental Activities. Finally, at the lower left area of the rim we notice Relationships.
So, set aside some time and join me in an exploration of awareness. It’s a beautiful practice that will leave you feeling centered and very much in the moment.
If you would like to know more about Mindfulness, please contact me! | <urn:uuid:e2a041d8-66d1-48de-bcfb-c7272dbb396c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://drpatriciatrainor.com/wheel-of-awareness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.947023 | 250 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Domestic Heat Demand Prediction using Neural Networks
Bakker, Vincent and Molderink, Albert and Hurink, Johann L. and Smit, Gerard J.M. (2008) Domestic Heat Demand Prediction using Neural Networks. In: 19th International Conference on Systems Engineering, ICSENG '08, 19-21 August 2008, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA (pp. pp. 189-194).
|Abstract:||By combining a cluster of microCHP appliances, a virtual power plant can be formed. To use such a virtual power plant, a good heat demand prediction of individual households is needed since the heat demand determines the production capacity. In this paper we present the results of using neural networks techniques to predict the heat demand of individual households. This prediction is required to determine the electricity production capacity of the large fleet of microCHP appliances. All predictions are short-term for one day) and use historical heat demand and weather influences as input.
|Item Type:||Conference or Workshop Item|
|Copyright:||© 2008 IEEE|
Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science (EEMCS)
|Link to this item:||http://purl.utwente.nl/publications/64981|
|Export this item as:||BibTeX|
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File format - PDF
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Format 140h205 mm
If you work in the financial market on the Internet, this book will help you better understand the global processes. From the mouth of the luckiest players in the financial market, you will learn his secrets. He tells in detail about how he achieved success.
In the book, Soros says about himself what is known only to a few close - about his childhood in occupied Hungary, and distant relatives of humans - philosophers and businessmen - have been George profound emotional impact. In candid interviews his old friend Byron Wien, engaged in the development of investment strategies, Soros said of how all life outliving their complexes, and that led him to become a financier. In this part of the book, Soros is not only a biography of the narrator successful creator and leader of the multibillion-dollar charitable foundations, but as a philosopher. It sets out the views on the development of the world financial system, geopolitical trends of recent years, the fate of the revolution 80-90 years in Eastern Europe.
If Alchemy of Finance (M .: INFRA - M, 1996) is a sketch of a theory of reflexivity, in this book, Soros describes the testing of his theory on the real financial markets - as a result of his alchemical experiments, he became the owner of huge funds. Specialists markets and exchanges to gather subtle observations financier - pragmatist philosopher and the sensitive - on market signals. In the second part of the book, in an interview with Christine Coenen for the newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine, Soros speaks as a politician, advocate the ideas of an open society, generously funding those who are willing to embody this idea. The reader will find frank and bitter story about the troubles and pains of the Soros foundations in many countries. This is the story and our stories about today. In the appendix the reader for the first time to meet with pragmatic considerations regarding the Soros hedge fund prospects European currency.
Overt and subtle observation - a key for a new job. Soros on Soros (ahead of changes) will be read with interest by those who form the government and fiscal policy, stockbrokers and bankers, politicians and philosophers. It will be useful for professional psychologists, those leading companies and people. We recommend it and the students, though - everyone who thinks about life. As in the Alchemy of Finance, many pages are written as if specially for Russia.
Investments and the global financial system
Chapter 1 Investor
Chapter 2 studies Guru
Chapter 3 History of Quantum Fund
Chapter 4 Investment Theory
Chapter 5 Theory in action
Geopolitics, philanthropy and global change
Chapter 6 Philanthropist
Chapter 7 statesman without a state
Chapter 8 The future of the United States and open society
Chapter 9 Failed Philosopher
Chapter 10: Power and Myth
Appendix Selected works of George Soros | <urn:uuid:d13dddd1-b7a4-4a04-9bd4-8e1eeea87317> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wmplati.com/itm/soros-on-soros-quot-george-soros/5288?lang=en-US | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571989.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813232744-20220814022744-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.927461 | 721 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Native Castlebar Releases New Book
A native of CASTLEBAR, Colum MacDonnell has published a new book – Torre del Mar, a view of an admirer of Spain.
How many of us would love to live in the sun, without the hustle and bustle of everyday life here? Where people are friendly and polite and enjoy practicing their English, although Spanish is the second most spoken language in the world – the language that gave the world the first modern novel, Don Quixote de la Mancha, by Cervantes, in 1605.
Spain’s attractions are not always obvious to those taking an aerial tour and can spend a great deal of their time recovering from excessive periods of sun exposure or overdoing the sangria. Attractions such as good weather for your sports, low house prices and rents, great value restaurants, good health care and frequent direct flights to Ireland are often overlooked.
Author Colum moved to Madrid after the establishment of Spanish democracy with the mission of promoting Irish exports, researching business opportunities and presenting suppliers to a country about to join the European Union.
Together with his wife, they have owned a house in Andalusia for more than two decades and spend a large part of their time there each year.
This far-reaching book takes a critical look at a Spanish history that saw a courageous and resolute people ill-served by their monarchs and politicians – a tale of feudalism and corrupt officials – before modern government and the establishment of the democracy does not finally tackle these historical dysfunctions. The modern Spanish constitution has freed the political extremes of the past, establishing a country respectful of human rights, tolerant of immigration, increasingly feminist and defender of gay rights.
The historical context spans five centuries. Spain’s unsuccessful attempt to invade England with its “invincible” Armada and overthrow its Protestant Queen Elizabeth I is well known, but this book first reveals to many readers the disastrous British attempt to invade Spain a year later. This English tragedy, with an estimated loss of 20,000 men, was kept secret at the behest of the “good Queen Bess” and remained so for over four centuries.
A series of international encounters since that time, including Nelson’s defeat at Trafalgar, an invasion by Napoleon’s troops in pursuit of a French empire, a war with the United States which saw Cuba and the Philippines winning their independence and the end of the Spanish Empire, was followed by an internal crisis and bloody civil war and four decades of Franco’s dictatorship.
The Irish have played a role in many critical areas. The rector of the famous Irish college in Salamanca effectively ran a spy ring to support Wellington’s army during the Spanish Civil War against the French. In the mid-19th century, Leopoldo O’Donnell, descendant of wild geese, was appointed Prime Minister and awarded the title of Duke of Tetouan in recognition of his services to Spain. General Kindelán (descendant of the Irish Quinlan family) proposed and supported General Franco as general commander of the Spanish nationalist forces at the start of the Civil War.
This war saw the support of Irish troops on both sides. Eoin O’Duffy’s Irish brigade left Galway Bay chanting Faith of our Fathers to join Franco’s nationalist rebels, only to be sent home less than a year later. On the other side, Frank Ryan led his smaller Republican force to join the International Brigade in support of the Spanish government. This force will leave Spain when the government withdraws all the international brigades there, hastening the end of the war.
This comprehensive book acquaints the reader with the modern Spanish economy and the Catalan conundrum, which is still relevant today. Sometimes Spain can be overly bureaucratic, resulting, perhaps, from having 17 autonomous governments and regions with very different characteristics in its people, from the Celtic view of many Galicians with their small land holdings and bagpipes to the industrious and commercial attitude of the Catalans.
There is, however, a universal principle: Every problem has a solution if you know how to go about it.
Someone has the key and the answer, but you have to know where to look. This implies listening and therefore knowing Spanish, whether it is Castilian, Catalan, Basque or Galician. | <urn:uuid:43c1921e-ed6b-40cc-a239-7380cf5dad8f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lasallebilbao.org/native-castlebar-releases-new-book/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.959259 | 900 | 1.914063 | 2 |
|START Conference Manager|
Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) facilitate a digital society and digital businesses by connecting people, businesses and things. They enable new digital products and business models and create new business channels. Public Administrations are in continuous need to adapt to the changing environment in order to improve government accountability, social inclusiveness and partnerships, and are seeking how to best use emerging technologies in this process, i.e., how to realise digital government. Digital government APIs support an open government environment and help creating new public services, new delivery models and new service delivery channels with the aim to better serve citizens and enable new business models.
Standard APIs support reusability and are an enabler of interoperability. Reusability in any form improves quality because it extends operational use, as well as saving money and time. This makes it a major contributor to the development of a digital single market in the EU. Some EU standards and specifications also exist in the domain-specific interoperability frameworks (DIFs) and should be applied more widely. For example, the INSPIRE Directive sets out interoperability standards for network services (APIs), and for many thematic themes such as addresses, cadastres and roads of relevance to many public administrations. These existing standards and specifications can and should be used more widely beyond the domain for which they were originally developed.
Within this context, with the purpose to gain further understanding of the current use of APIs in digital government and their added value for public services, the European Commission's DG CONNECT together with the Joint Research Centre (JRC) launched the APIs4DGov study. The main objectives of the study are:
to assess digital government APIs landscape and opportunities to support the digital transformation of public sector;
to identify the added value for society and public administrations of digital government APIs (key enablers, drivers, barriers, potential risks and mitigates),
to identify recommendations and best-practices concerning the deployment of APIs within governments.
In this presentation we will (i) share our research design and applied methodology, (ii) show preliminary results on the EU APIs governmental landscaping and (iii) highlight aspects of selected case studies.
Topic Area: [3.2] Tools and technologies Abstract Type: Oral Presentation
Academic: No Data Provider: Yes Data User: Yes INSPIRE Implementer (IT): No INSPIRE newbies: No Policy Officers: No Public Administration (MS/Regional/Local): Yes Thematic specialists: No
START Conference Manager (V2.61.0 - Rev. 5269) | <urn:uuid:754c242e-4665-4f19-b12c-7cac33826008> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/events/conferences/inspire_2018/submissions/118.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.911279 | 546 | 1.921875 | 2 |
By Bernadine Rodrigo
On 14 September 2019, a large group of people from Colombo gathered in Kegalle to donate their time to the cause of improving creation. They gathered that day to plant 11,000 trees in order to tackle the effects of deforestation and aid in bringing nature to its former glory in their own small way. Together, they made a mark on Sri Lanka, making our island’s environment at least a little bit better. The event was organised by the Church of Ceylon’s Diocese of Colombo, a group of people eager to put an end to the destruction being caused to the planet Earth, their home.
It all began when Kumar Abraham came back to Sri Lanka after spending 28 years abroad. He had always been a man who was extremely fond of nature, especially trees, and has often thought of trees as though they were human beings. He believes that like human beings, trees too deserve honour and respect and their population must be multiplied, not decreased. He believes that as man is bound with a duty to improve God’s creation, he has a duty to improve the state of nature. Hence, when he saw the extent of the destruction happening on Earth, he wanted to do all he could to make it right.
He had been sitting on the idea for a long time when suddenly, one day at church, their reverend priest, Fr. Niroshan asked the congregation if they had any resolutions. Abraham was overjoyed to be able to share his ideas with the people, that he believed he has a true responsibility to the wellbeing of the planet. “It is really all the doing of God,” he said, as it is not often that a priest asks the local congregation for resolutions to present to the main Diocesan Council in Colombo. So, he jumped at the opportunity and told Fr. Niroshan all about his idea of planting an entire forest in a deserted location in Sri Lanka. Fr. Niroshan, he said, was more than ready to join the initiative and agreed wholeheartedly to second the resolution when it would be presented to the council by Abraham. When this was done, Abraham joyously said that it was unanimously approved by the entire council in October 2017. Permission from the council was all he needed to dedicate himself entirely to the project. Now, however, it is not simply him alone, but a whole group of devoted members from the Church of Ceylon.
Together, spearheaded by Abraham and Fr. Niroshan, the team set about looking for ways to make their dream a reality. Firstly, they went to the Forest Department of the Sri Lankan Government and spoke to the authorities there.
However, they were unable to provide any form of help as they knew of no free, available land in the Wet Zone the team could plant the trees. Therefore, they decided to move onto the private sector and find a company that would be able to aid them. Although they attempted negotiations a few times, most of it was to no avail until finally, Abraham was able to connect with Hayleys Plantations. Then, right in front of him, a deal was made to inspect a plot of land in Kegalle.
Following this, the team went to this land and was stunned by the sheer size of it. Abraham explained: “It seemed like it was an airport.”
One thing led to another, and soon, the members of the Diocese of Colombo were singing an agreement with a company to use their land to reforest Sri Lanka. They were also able to secure a large amount of funds – around Rs. 5 million – and Abraham is still astounded at how they managed to collect so much money with no donations from a single corporate company.
Finally, everything fell into place and all those interested, even those that didn’t belong to the Church of Ceylon, got together to make Abraham’s dream come true. Students from S. Thomas’ College, Ladies College, and Bishop’s College and youth from the Atlantis Group along with many other smaller groups of people were able to gather that day to help in some small way to make our country better. Not one person came back glum or unhappy for, as Abraham said: “Trees are therapeutic. They were created by God for healing.”
photo Eshan Dasanayaka | <urn:uuid:a1215c5b-5432-414a-82cb-6887da74fb76> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.themorning.lk/improving-creation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.989004 | 907 | 2.015625 | 2 |
How do you prevent post op pneumonia?
How does surgery increase the risk?
- Move! …
- Take care of your mouth and teeth. …
- Always keep the head of your hospital bed at a 30-degree angle.
- Do your deep breathing and coughing exercises.
- When you are awake, use your incentive spirometer 10 times every hour.
How can post op atelectasis be prevented?
Deep breathing exercises and coughing after surgery can reduce your risk of developing atelectasis. If you smoke, you can lower your risk of developing the condition by quitting smoking before any operation.
What is the priority nursing diagnosis in the care of a patient with pneumonia?
Ineffective Airway Clearance is a common NANDA nursing diagnosis for pneumonia nursing care plans. This diagnosis is related to excessive secretions and ineffective cough or nonproductive coughing. Inflammation and increased secretions in pneumonia make it difficult to maintain a patent airway.
How can you prevent pulmonary complications after surgery?
PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES AGAINST ACUTE LUNG INJURY
- Avoidance of alcohol.
- Improving nutritional status.
- Improving patients’ functional respiratory performance.
- Pre-operative physiotherapy to provide adequate lung expansion and reduce atelectasis.
- Pre-operative inspiratory muscle training.
- Optimisation of medical therapy.
What are symptoms of postoperative pneumonia?
Other symptoms may include:
- A cough with greenish or pus-like phlegm (sputum)
- Fever and chills.
- General discomfort, uneasiness, or ill feeling (malaise)
- Loss of appetite.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Sharp chest pain that gets worse with deep breathing or coughing.
- Shortness of breath.
- Decreased blood pressure and fast heart rate.
Can deep breathing help prevent pneumonia?
Taking deep breaths and moving around as much as you can also help reduce your chances of acquiring pneumonia.
How do you fix atelectasis?
Atelectasis treatment can include breathing or coughing exercises, inhaled medicines, breathing devices, or surgery. Atelectasis usually gets better with time or treatment. However, if it is undiagnosed or untreated, serious complications can occur, including fluid buildup, pneumonia, and respiratory failure.
Why are post op patients at risk for atelectasis?
Thoracic surgical procedures increase the risk because pain, thoracic muscle injury, chest wall instability, and diaphragmatic dysfunction impair clearance of secretions by cough. In addition, patients with lung diseases are prone to increased bronchial secretions.
Why does atelectasis happen after surgery?
General anesthesia is a common cause of atelectasis. It changes your regular pattern of breathing and affects the exchange of lung gases, which can cause the air sacs (alveoli) to deflate. Nearly everyone who has major surgery develops some amount of atelectasis. It often occurs after heart bypass surgery.
What is the nursing care plan for pneumonia?
Nursing Care Plans for PneumoniaInterventionsRationalesEncourage coughing up of phlegm. Suction secretions as needed. Perform steam inhalation or nebulization as required/ prescribed.To help clear thick phlegm that the patient is unable to expectorate.
What are nursing interventions for ineffective airway clearance?
Nursing Interventions for Ineffective Airway Clearance
- Optimal positioning (sitting position)
- Use of pillow or hand splints when coughing.
- Use of abdominal muscles for more forceful cough.
- Use of quad and huff techniques.
- Use of incentive spirometry.
- Importance of ambulation and frequent position changes.
What should you assess for a patient with pneumonia?
Assess the changes in temperature and pulse; amount, odor, and color of secretions; frequency and severity of cough; degree of tachypnea or shortness of breath; and changes in the chest x-ray findings. Assessment in elderly patients.
What causes shortness of breath after surgery?
Sometimes lung problems happen because you don’t do deep breathing and coughing exercises within 48 hours of surgery. They may also happen from pneumonia or from inhaling food, water, or blood into the airways. Symptoms may include wheezing, chest pain, shortness of breath, fever, and cough.
What are the postoperative complications?
- Shock – Shock is the dangerous reduction of blood flow throughout the body.
- Hemorrhage – Hemorrhage means bleeding.
- Wound infection – When bacteria enter the site of surgery, an infection can result.
- Deep vein thrombosis – Sometimes blood clotting occurs within deep-lying veins. | <urn:uuid:9349ed91-1b2e-4697-8acc-d17308e2a620> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://omniverse-plastikos.com/answers-on-questions/to-help-a-client-prevent-atelectasis-and-pneumonia-after-surgery-what-should-the-nurse-do.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.881504 | 1,011 | 2.359375 | 2 |
CRC Updates Section 188 WIOA Nondiscrimination and Equal Opportunity Regulations (29 CFR Part 38)
The U.S. Department of Labor's Civil Rights Center announces the publication of the Final Rule updating the Section 188 WIOA Nondiscrimination and Equal Opportunity Regulations (29 CFR Part 38). Section 188 prohibits discrimination against individuals in any program or activity that receives financial assistance under Title I of WIOA as well as by the one-stop partners listed in WIOA Section 121(b) that offer programs or activities through the one-stop/American Job Center system. Section 188 prohibits discrimination because of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, political affiliation or belief, or, for beneficiaries, applicants, and participants only, citizenship status or because of an individual's participation in a program or activity that receives financial assistance under Title I of WIOA.
The final rule contains substantive changes necessary to address developments in equal opportunity and nondiscrimination law since 1999, when the part 37 regulations were issued originally. However, while the rule makes many substantive changes since 1999, the final rule does not impose significant new obligations on recipients. The rule's updated provisions generally reflect obligations already imposed by changes to other nondiscrimination and equal opportunity laws that expanded, for example, protections against unlawful discrimination on the basis of disability, national origin (including limited English proficiency), and sex. This rule will ensure recipients understand how their obligations in this regard have changed over the past 17 years. The final rule also includes updates reflecting changes in the increased use of online service delivery models in the workforce development system since 1999.
The update ensures the entire workforce system is aware of current equal opportunity rights and responsibilities of beneficiaries and recipients. This regulation will also increase equality of opportunity for millions of job seekers, training participants, program beneficiaries, and recipients' employees by allowing them to participate or work in programs and activities free from unlawful discrimination. The final rule safeguards access to the system in particular for people with disabilities, people with limited English proficiency, transgender individuals who may face various forms of sex discrimination, and individuals who are pregnant, have had a child, or have related medical conditions.
The effective date of the final rule is January 3, 2017.
Read the Final Rule
- Lea la hoja de datos
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- Leia a ficha descritiva
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- Obtener respuestas a preguntas frecuentes
- 자주 묻는 질문에 대한 답변 얻기
- Jwenn repons pou Kesyon Moun Poze Souvan yo
- Được giải đáp những Câu hỏi Thường Gặp
- Makakakuha ng mga sagot sa Mga Madalas Itanong
- Изучите ответы на часто задаваемые вопросы
- Obtenha respostas para as perguntas frequentes
- Consulter les réponses de la foire aux questions (FAQ)
- الحصول على أجوبة على الأسئلة المتكررة | <urn:uuid:7c5980f4-226e-4298-b0eb-5dfab37e249b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.dol.gov/crc/188rule/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00162-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.838834 | 887 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Here you can find the syllabus of Animal Husbandary and Veterinary Science Paper for UPPCS main examination. It is divided into various sections. Each section is important for your success in this exam. You should read the Animal Husbandary and Veterinary Science Paper syllabus thoroughly and plan your preparation accordingly.
Animal Husbandary and Veterinary Science
A. Animal Nutrition : 1. Energy nutrition, Energy sources, energy metabolian, Requirements of energy formaintenance and production of milk, meat eggs and work energy evaluation of foods. 2. Protein nutritions : Sources of protein digestion and metabolism of protein evaluation, Requirement of protein maintenance andproduction, Energy protein ratio in a ration. 3.Mineral nutrition : Sources, function, deficiency symptoms,requirments for animals and their relationship with vitamins. 4. Vitamins, hormones and Feed additives : Sources,function, deficiency,symptorns, requirements and interrelationship with minerals. 5. Applied nutri-tion : Evaluation of feeding experiments, digestibility and balance studies. Feeding standards and mea-sures of feed energy. Nutrient requirement for growth maintenance and production, Balanced ration. 6. Ru-minant nutrition : Nutrient and their metabolism with reference to milk production and its composition, Nutri-ent requirements and feed formulation for calves, heifers, dry and milking cows and buffaloes. 7. Non-ruminant nutrition: Nutrient and their metabolism. with special reference to meat and egg production. Nutri-ent requirements and feed formulation for rayer broiler and pig.
B. Animal Physiology : 1. Growth and animal production : Parental and Post natal growth, maturation,growth curves, measures of growth, factors affecting growth, bodycomposition and meat quality. 2 MilkProduction: Hormonal control of mammary development, Milk secretion and milk ejection, composition ofmilk of cows and buffaloes. 3. Animal Reproduction : Male and female reproductive organs, their compo-nents and functions. 4. Digestive physiology : Organs of digestion and their function, Digestion of carbohy-drates, protein and fat in numinants and non-ruminants. 5. Enviromnent Physiology: Physiology ralationsand their regulation mechanism of adaptation, environmental factors and regulatory mechanism involved inanimal bahaviour, Method of controlling climatic stress. 6. Semen quality, preservation and artificial in-seminations : Components of semen, composition of spermatozoa, physical and chemical properties ofejaculated semen, semen preservation, composition, of diluents, sperm, concentration, transport of dilutedsemen, deep freezing techniques.
C. LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT : 1. Commercial Diary Farming : Comparison of dairyfarming in India with advanced countries, Dairying under mixed farming and as specialised farming economicdairy farming, starting of dairy farm capital and land requirement , organisation of dairy farms, procurementof goods, opportunities in dairy farming, factors determing the efficiency of dairy animals, herd recording,budgeting, cost of milk production, Pricing policy personnel management. 2. General Management : Man-agement of lovestock (pregnant and milking cows, newly born calves), livestock records priciples of cleanmilk production, economics of livestock farming, housing for livestock and poultry, General problems ofsheep, goat, pigs and poultry management. 3. Feeding Management : Developing practical and economicration for dairy cattle supply of green fodder throughout the year, Land and fodder requirement of dairyfarms, Feeding regimes for dry, young stock, bults, heifers and breeding animals. 4. Management of ani-mals under drought condition : Feeding and management of animals under drought flood and other natural climatics.
D. Milk and Milk products Technology : 1. Milk Technology : Organization of rural milk, procurement,collection and transport of raw milk. Quality, testing, and grading of raw milk, Quality storage grade of wholemilk skimmed milk and cream. Processing, Packing, storing, distributing, marketing, defects and their con-trol and nutritive properties of the following milk. Pasteurized, stardardized, toned double tonedsterilized, homogenized, reconstituted, recombined and flavoured milk, Culture and their management, Youghurt,Dahi, Lassi, sterilized, homogenized, reconstiuted recombined and flavoured milk, Culture andtheir management, Youghurt, Dahi, Lassi, Srikhand ,legal standards, sanitation, Requirement for clean andsafe milk and for the milk-plant equipments. 2. Milk product Technology : Selection of raw materials, as-sembling, production processing, storing, distributing and marketing milk products such as butter, ghee,khoa, chenna, cheese,, condensed, evaporated, dry milk, baby food, icecream and kulfi, Testing grading,judging of milk products. BIS and Agark specification, legal standards, quality control and nutritive propereties,Packing, processing and operational control cost. 3. Milk by-products Technology : Whey products, buttermilk, lactose and casein.
Section- A A. General and Animal Breeding : 1. Animal Genetics : Mitosis and meiosis, Mendelian inheritance, devia-tion to Mendelism genetics, Expression of genes. Linkage and crossing over, sex determination, sex influ-enced and sex limited characters. Blood group and polymorphism, chromosomal aberrations, Gene and itsstructure, DNA as genetic material, genetic code and protein synthesis, recombinant DNA technology,Mutations, types of mutations, methods for detecting mutations and mutation role. 2. Population Geneticsapplied to Animal Breeding : Quantitative vs. Qualitative traits. Hardy weinbery law, populations vs. Indi-vidual gene and genotype frequency. Forces changing genen frequency. Random drift and small population.Inbreeding method of estimating inbreeding co-efficient, system of inbreeding. Effective population size,Breeding value estimation of breeding value, dominance and epistatic deviation, partoning of variation, geotypeenvironment correlation and gemotype environment interaction. 3. Breeding System : Heriablity, repeatabil-ity and genetic and phenotypic correlations. their method of estimation and precision of estimates Aids toselection and their relative ments, individual pedigree, family within family selection, progeny testing, meth-ods of selections, basis of selection. Response to selection and its measure, selection differential sirindexselection index, recurrent and reciprocal recurrent selection, establishment of new breed, inbreeding, outbreeding, upgrading, hybridization , cross breeding, out crossing.
B. HEALTH AND HYGIENE : 1. Anatomyof ox and fowl, Histological techniques, freezing paraffin embedding etc. Preparation and staining of bloodfilm. 2. Common histotlgical stain and embryology of cow. 3. Physiology of blood and its; circulation, diges-tion, respiration, excretion: endocrine gland in health and diseases. 4. General knowledge of parmacologyand therapetics of drugs. 5. Veterinary hygeine with respect of water, air and habitatior. 6. Milk hygeine.
c. ANIMAL DISEASES : 1. Immunity and Vaccination : Principles and methods of lmmunisation of animalsagainst specific diseases, herd immunity, disease free Zone, zero disease concept, chemprophylaxis. 2.Diseases of cattle, buffalo, sheep and goats : Etiology, symptorns, diagnosis, prevention and control anddisease, treatment of the following: Anthrax, haemorrhagic, septicaemia, Balock quarter, mastitis, tuberculo-sis, Johnes disease, food and mouth disease, Rinder pest, rabies, Priroplasmosis, Trypanosomiasis, Faciolisis,Milk fever and Tympanitis. Diseases of new born calf. 3. Diseases of poultry : Etiology symptoms, diagno-sis, prevention, control and treatments of Ranikhet disease, Fowlpox, Aviam Leusocis complex, Marek’sdisease and gumboro disease. 4. Disease of Swine : Swine fever, Hogcholera. 5. Disease of Dog : Caninedistemper, Parvo disease, Rabies in pets in relation to human health.
D. VETERINARY PUBLIC HEALTH : 1. Zoonoses : Classification definition, role of animals and birds inprevalence and transmission of Zoonotic disease. 2. Veterinary Jurisprudence : Rule and regulations forimprovement of animals quality and prevention of animal diseases, Materials and methods for collection ofsamples for veterolegal investigation. 3. Duties and role of vetemian in slaughter houses to provide meatthat is produced under ideal hygienic conditions. 4. By-products from slaughter houses and their economicutilization. 5. Method of collection, preservation and processing of hormonal glands for medicinal use.
E. EXTENSION : Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principles of extension,different methods, adoptedto educate farmers, under rural conditions, Generation of technology,, its transfer and feed back, Problems and constraints in transfer of technology, Animal husbandry programmes for rural development. | <urn:uuid:dbf8891d-1f22-40a5-9a5c-5f5b8881908f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jagranjosh.com/articles/syllabus-of-animal-husbandary-and-veterinary-science-paper-for-uppcs-main-examination-2012-1328388936-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00425-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.852196 | 1,970 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Plato the Republic and Huxley's Brave New World Term Paper
- Length: 4 pages
- Subject: Literature
- Type: Term Paper
- Paper: #64173039
Excerpt from Term Paper :
Plato the Republic and Huxley's Brave New World
IN WHAT WAYS DOES THE SOCIETY IN BRAVE NEW WORLD MOST CLOSELY PARALLEL THE IDEAL CITY DESCRIBED BY PLATO IN THE REPUBLIC?
In some modes the essence of The Republic is regarded as very complicated, however, it enjoins together completely to prepare the attitude of Plato on the society and government. It is transparent that the Platonic society is to be greatly hierarchical as is with the society in Huxley's World State. The model city state as per Plato had three hierarchal section. The 'Artisans' constitute the lowest class of the society, comprising of the laborers and artisans whose main objectives are concentrated in their sensations. Their immediate job is to attain skill in action upon the physical plane. The class above this lowest stratum is 'Auxillaries' comprising of the men who with their influential passions and attitudes are persistently struggling with themselves. Plato would entail such men the warriors of the nation thus according them the definite scope to develop the courage and fortitude essential at their stage of development. The administrative class known as 'Guardians' is consisting of those men who have acknowledged the way of governing themselves, and are therefore, suitable to govern others. (Ancient Landmarks: Plato) In the model of Huxley's Brave New World there also exist a hierarchical classification of the society. The society of Huxley comprises of the five primary categories or castes: such as alphas attaining the leadership status, Betas attaining the positions requiring high intelligence, Gammas and Deltas attaining positions that demand some intelligence and Epsilons are positions requiring no intelligence. (Chapter: Introduction to Aldous Huxley)
The society of Huxley's Brave New World is governed by the government. Similar to the Brave New World of Huxley, the ideal city of the Plato also exerts total regulation to the government. This government could visualize the philosopher kings and directed by their assistants implements a firm set of moral standards with an objective of teaching virtue and goodness to the common people. (Theme Analysis) The next line of advocacy is that the analysis of both Plato and Huxley had close resemblance in terms of freedom and choice. Huxley like Plato had always been related to threats to man's liberty and independence. He acknowledged that communism and fascism accords the state above the individual and requires total devotion to a cause. Acknowledging the hazards of communism and fascism, he corresponds to the ultimate consequence of this tendency in his fantasy and therefore, he was in and accorded sufficient significance to the government. (Chapter: Introduction to Aldous Huxley)
Another close proximity associates with the positions of women in the city-state of Plato and that of the society of Huxley. In the future society of Huxley the male scientists have completely exploited the material activity, declining the female role and giving rise to a female disempowerment. On the one hand while it is advocated that only deliverance from motherhood permits a woman to attain true equality, on the other hand in Brave New World the isolation between sex and reproduction does not seem to have liberated or empowered women. The Platonic New World State also appears to perpetuate the conventional sex-role inequality. In fact the only woman who captures a leading office and who is a member of upper class in a freemartin: she has thus attained the logical power by sacrificing her true femininity. (Platonism and Twentieth Century Literature) Education is a primary concern to Plato and Hexley in the city-state and society. It assists in preparing the people for life in the new world. (Science Fiction Studies) Thus while Huxley imagined of an ideal commonwealth instituted and maintained by careful control, Plato also signified on an ideal city-state exercised by necessary regulation.
WHICH OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS DESCRIBED BY HUXLEY DO YOU THINK PLATO WOULD HAVE USED IN HIS IDEAL CITY? WHY?
The mapping of Huxley with regard to a future world in which human life is regarded as a mass production by accurate engineering parameters in accordance with strict practical values attached to an emotional thread for Americans struggling with the assurances and heralds of modernity. (Brave New World: Soma, Shakespeare, and Suicide: The Terrors of Techno Utopia) At the moment Huxley indicated the Brave New World was only one of the relative few studies scientists were associated with conditioning, the significance of heredity and environment, and the influence of chemical imbalance on physical and mental development. Presently, governments, educational institutions and industries are taking advantage of the studies in such fields. Huxley pointed out that in any single decade since 1900 the progress made in Science and technology have overshadowed the progress occurred during any previous century. Men seems to have created higher than he could climb, man had the unregulated strength that he was unable to regulate. Huxley tried to make man acknowledge that since knowledge is the power he was not able to regulate. He who regulates and utilized knowledge exerts the strength. (Chapter: Introduction to Aldous Huxley)
Engineering principles and mass production techniques narrated by Huxley in the Brave New World have been deployed by Plato in respect of his Ideal State. Huxley indicated that there is a regulation over genetics and reproduction that has the advantage of eliminating uncertainty or what biomedical ethicists indicate to as sexual roulette. Not acknowledging what will come out when one engages in intercourse nor, what kind of child one might beget in consequence. Genetic and reproductive regulation makes us possible to eliminate that ambiguity and to eliminate the consequences, sometimes better, of the natural and genetic gamble. (Brave New World: Soma, Shakespeare, and Suicide: The Terrors of Techno Utopia) It is to be acknowledged that Plato would have recognized such technological advances ever since Plato had such a high regard for the sciences that had their rein in our rationalizing capabilities and that he imagined these to be some manner to be proximately associated with the ultimate transcendent reality. (Art, science and transcendence: A comparison between Tolstoy and Plato)
WHAT ARE THE MOST IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PLATO CITY AND THE BRAVE NEW WORLD SOCIETY?
Huxley reveals that the republic of Plato with regard to the rigid stability and unity -- a society with less personal liberty and virtually no innovation is constant and sterile. In Brave New World, Huxley discards primitive and pastoral excellence. In contrast to the escapist utopia of private pleasures is the ideal commonwealth instituted and regulated by careful control. This kind of Utopia that the Republic of Plato is the best acknowledged illustration entails that the individual must entail much of his liberty for the privilege of living in the divine city and continuing the good. The societies of Brave New World were directed towards objective which Huxley regards as unsuccessful and frequent destructive to the human spirit. (Science Fiction Studies)
Thus irrespective of the fact that the Republic is much more narrative than prescriptive, Huxley strongly contradicts the works appears to have authoritarian touch. He cannot recognize the Republic to be the descriptive of the good, and he fairly cannot acknowledge the work as a recommendation for attaining enviable objectives. As per the philosophy of Huxley, it is an illustration of the type of utopia that must be discarded. Next advocacy of difference is that like present residents in less 'perfect' nations, utopians sometimes discover it essential to make themselves ready for the hazards of attack. The citizens in Plato's state are warriors. Contrary to them the Pala of Huxley does not entail the peculiar defenses, thus is quite easily assaulted by armored vehicles and foreign troops. (Science Fiction Studies)
IN WHAT WAYS ARE MOND IDEAS SIMILAR TO THOSE OF PLATO AND IN WHAT WAYS ARE MOND IDEAS DIFFERENT FROM THOSE OF PLATO? EXPLAIN WHY?
In the Brave New World, Mustapha Mond realizes that each individual leads their living as compared to a life within a bottle. Mond's views are for all the people of the society of the Brave New World. Mond is of the opinion that this bottle regulates what they consider and their responses to varied conditions which occur while living. Mond states that such a life leads people to have the environment and their thinking to be rigid and non-changeable. Thus the life in the bottle shows our way of thinking and actions. Plato had a resemblance to Mond's ideas and such an idea was shown by means of an allegory of the Cave. The cave could be compared to the bottle of Mond. Just as the individuals living within a bottle, the individuals living within a cave had no idea as to what was happening outside the cave. They have no information as to the revelations of what is going outside and their thoughts are restricted to within the cave. They understand what they can witness from their stay at the cave. Plato's cave indicated that "people perceive just a simulacrum of reality, shadows thrown upon the wall of a cave, artifice and deception rather… | <urn:uuid:5ed5ffa0-b43f-4e04-825a-b9888914bbf8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.paperdue.com/essay/plato-the-republic-and-huxley-brave-new-65978 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00457-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951976 | 1,944 | 2.65625 | 3 |
An illustration should include enough details such that it coveys minute details about the elements. It is always a wise idea to hire a certified patent illustrator for a patent illustration . Their comprehensive and professional drawings save you from unwanted Office Actions. However, since the last few years a patent illustrator’s journey has become quite difficult. Once the illustrators hired for accurate patent drawings are now given less importance. Also, cultural shift and cost cutting trends have degraded the quality of patent illustrations.
Related Article:IDS Filings Timeline and Procedure: Must Know
Effect of USPTO Standards On A Patent Illustrator’s Journey
Due to multiple variations in the USPTO standards, the need for aesthetic patent drawings have faded away. The change in the USPTO rules for patent drawings reduced the number of revisions needed for accurate illustrations. Also, the USPTO has started accepting drawings in black ink as it can be easily reproduced.
However, filing a petition and paying extra fees can allow applicants to submit colour drawings. But it must be accurate enough for the examiner to easily understand. So, now it is not mandatory to give priority to patent drawing aesthetics. But the drawing must have all the relevant information which will act as a communication gateway with the examiner.
Do You Really Need a Patent Illustrator?
A good patent illustrator brings success to your patent application by saving both time and money. They prevent your patent application from being rejected by the USPTO. Also, they find the inconsistencies your attorney might have missed. So, here are some points which show the importance of patent illustrators:
- Patent Illustrators keep themselves updated about the current USPTO drawings standards to deliver the best line art.
- They always adapt to new software and technology. It helps them create precise drawings with adherence to the USPTO rules.
- An experienced patent illustrator understands the importance of proofreading. So, they ensure the drawing they provide is error-free.
- A proficient patent illustrator knows about different patent drawing formats of different countries.
- They better understand all the patent office requirements of various jurisdictions and rejections of the examiners.
- He or She treats your patent with utmost importance by maintaining it’s confidentiality.
Why Choose Professional Patent Illustrators?
Professional Patent Illustrators is a leading firm engaged in delivering quick, economic and accurate patent illustration services. We have a strong team of draftsmen who deliver hundreds of illustration every day without any compromise on quality. They keep themselves updated about new technology and software to deliver you the best patent drawings. Our objective is to help you avoid unnecessary office action after you file your patent application. To know more about our services please click on the link. | <urn:uuid:ecc58c64-4ce0-4d40-9f0b-ebf546111664> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://professionalpatentillustrators.com/patent-illustrators-journey/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.929115 | 555 | 1.523438 | 2 |
This series of podcasts, produced by Nicky Page, was recorded at the 2017 Australian Walking and Cycling Conference.
|Step away from the car podcasts
||Port Adelaide BUG
Heavy industry, heavy vehicles, cyclists and pedestrians are a pretty uncomfortable combination in Port Adelaide. The grassroots Bicycle User Group there has been working for 35 years to “increase the margins of safety” for cyclists and pedestrians. BUG Secretary Sam Powrie describes the situation and some of their successes.
||Knowing Your Place 3214
Most places hold endless stories and sights if you just take a closer look, Five self guided walks developed by local people in the northern suburbs of Geelong have captured many of them. Community Development Officer Amanda Stirrat explains that support for cycling has been just one of the flow on effects of this project.
||Step Away from the Car in Auckland
Hong Kong and New Zealand have very different traffic environments. Senior Traffic Engineer Jason Chow was born in Hong Kong but now works in Auckland, creating a variety of safe routes for cyclists and pedestrians. Find out why he describes one of those routes as “vibrant.”
||Women and Children Step Away from the Car
Why is it so hard for women and children to get out of the car and onto bikes, scooters and their own two feet? Jan Garrard and Hulya Gilbert are two researchers with a few answers. And some solutions.
||Let Your Driver Do the Pedaling
When walking and cycling don’t get you far enough fast enough then new technology opens up new possibilities of Active Transport. Pedicabs are not just for Asia, or a novelty for tourists in Australia, they could be a viable urban transport option … according to Adelaide entrepreneur/ mechanic Daniels Langeberg.
||The Institute of Sensible Transport
At peak hour an average Australian city traffic lane carries 2,000 people per hour. If they were on bikes that lane could move 14,000 people per hour. Those stats explain why Elliot Fishman, from the Institute of Sensible Transport is studying bicycle sharing. Elliot was a keynote speaker at the Australian Walking and Cycling Conference.
||The Trojan Horse of Fun
What happens when you take the dark arts of advertising and develop “collective impact” programs to encourage and support cycling in the City of Sydney? Jess Miller has been finding out, in her work as Program Director with Republic of Everyone and especially as part of Clover Moore’s Independent team on the Sydney City Council…. Jess was a keynote speaker at the Australian Walking and Cycling Conference.
||Keep an Eye on Bendigo
50 million share bikes in China is the prediction for 2025. But right now those share bikes often end up dumped on the street when they break down. Dockless bike share has arrived in Australia and there are some nasty problems already experienced in China and in Melbourne and Sydney. But Bendigo is about to trial a locally designed smart system from the inventor/entrepreneur Al Reid which may have some answers.
||No Trespassing: The Art and Politics of Walking in NSW
When the Wiradjuri warrior called Windradyne walked from Bathurst to Paramatta in 1824 it was to surrender to the white Governor to avoid further bloodshed. Pedestrian artist Molly L Wagner is retracing that 197km walk on foot … and that experience has led to many new insights about art, history and politics.
||Low Tech Movement in a High Tech World
The 2017 Australian Walking and Cycling Conference was attended by academic researchers, urban planners, policy makers, artists and community activists. How did all these perspectives come together, around the theme of Low Tech Movement in a High Tech World? Jeremy Miller was MC and Treasurer of the organizing committee and shared this overview when the conference was over.
Community Radio Broadcast of the 10 short episodes is easy to arrange. If you would like your local community station to broadcast them can contact the Community Radio Network on 02 93102999 or email@example.com to arrange secure download of broadcast ready files. More information is available at https://www.cbaa.org.au/article/step-away-car | <urn:uuid:c10ad89b-6a32-4da5-b78c-6e8ef9ca286a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.walkingandcycling.com.au/step-away-from-the-car/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.949851 | 907 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Please read prior to your vaccination visit.
For pediatric patients (6 months-11), Pfizer or Moderna vaccinations will be administered by our Pediatrician by appointment ONLY at the Little Havana health center Mondays – Fridays (9:00am-4:00pm).
Vaccine Booster Shots
You should get your first booster if you received:
- Pfizer-BioNTech, you are 12 years and older and at least 5 months since completing your primary vaccination series.
- Moderna, you are 18 years and older and at least 5 months since completing your primary vaccination series.
- Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen, you are 18 years and older and at least 2 months since completing your primary vaccination series.
You should get your second booster at least 4 months after your first booster if you are:
- age 50 and older.
Health Considerations Before You Schedule Your Appointment:
- If you have had a severe allergic reaction to any vaccine or injectable therapy (intramuscular, intravenous, or subcutaneous), please tell the care team when you come in for your vaccination.
- If you have a severe allergic reaction to the first COVID-19 vaccine, you should not receive the second booster vaccine at this time.
- If you received monoclonal antibodies or convalescent plasma as part of COVID-19 treatment, you should defer the vaccine for at least 90 days after treatment.
- If you are immunocompromised, please talk to your healthcare provider before receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.
- If you are pregnant, suspect you are pregnant or are breastfeeding, please talk to your pregnancy healthcare provider to get a letter of approval for receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.
Frequently Asked Questions
Which vaccine am I receiving from Care Resource?
You will receive either the 2-dose Pfizer or the 2-dose Moderna COVID-19 vaccine on your visit with us. For more information on the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine, a recipient fact sheet is available in English, Spanish or Creole. For more information on the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, a recipient fact sheet is available in English, Spanish or Creole.
What do I need to bring to my appointment?
Individuals who schedule their vaccination at one of our locations, will need to present a valid photo ID to show proof of age. (birth certificate, passport, driver’s license, state ID card) Those under 18+ years of age, must present a copy of their birth certificate and be accompanied by a parent or legal guardian. Those receiving the either their 2nd or 3rd booster, must present their original vaccination card. Some additional support documents may be requested prior to your visit.
How much does the COVID-19 vaccine cost?
There is NO-COST and NO-OUT-OF-POCKET expense to receive the COVID-19 vaccination.
Can I bring a caregiver to my appointment?
The safety of our patients and caregivers is our top priority. To maintain social distancing measures at our vaccination sites, we ask that patients who need assistance bring only one caregiver with them to their vaccination appointment. Minimizing the number of people in these spaces will help to keep everyone safe. In addition, everyone attending the appointment must wear a mask.
If I receive a 2-dose vaccine, when and where will I receive my second dose?
If you received your vaccine at one of our health center locations, you would receive your second appointment at the same location. If you received your vaccination at one of our vaccination events, you could choose any of our health center locations to receive your 2nd dose.
If I received the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, can I receive a booster?
Yes, if you are 18+ and received the one-dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine and it is more than two months since your vaccination, you should receive a booster shot. | <urn:uuid:f84f3e95-9cb2-467a-9e27-53ef0034d475> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://careresource.org/covid-19-vaccines-and-self-scheduler/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.940776 | 827 | 1.679688 | 2 |
There’s yet another EV3 compatible camera sensor in town. Morpx has developed a camera sensor that communicates with your EV3 using IR signals. According to the project page, you can make the camera detect a line, and let it send IR commands to your robot in order to make it follow the line. Likewise, if you program the camera to detect a colored ball, you can make it track its position.
You can program the camera with a mobile phone app, and since you don’t have to program the EV3, it should be pretty easy to use. You can pre-order one for $15. More details are here.
Because it operates with IR, it’s also compatible with the Hexbug, and Power Functions (which is very cool). Here’s how it works with the EV3: | <urn:uuid:8e7dee10-4228-42c9-847b-15a4464603e1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://robotsquare.com/2016/02/06/easy-to-use-camera-sensor-for-ev3-hexbug/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00471-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933355 | 173 | 1.75 | 2 |
The Greening of America
|Author||Charles A. Reich|
|Media type||Print, e-book|
|Pages||399 pp. (hardcover)|
|Followed by||Garcia: A Signpost to New Space|
The Greening of America is a 1970 book by Charles A. Reich. It is a paean to the counterculture of the 1960s and its values. Excerpts first appeared as an essay in the September 26, 1970 issue of The New Yorker. The book was originally published by Random House.
The book's argument rests on three separate types of consciousness. "Consciousness I" applies to the world-view of rural farmers and small businesspeople that arose and was dominant in 19th century America. "Consciousness II" represents a viewpoint of "an organizational society", featuring meritocracy and improvement through various large institutions; it dominated the New Deal, World War II and 1950s generations. "Consciousness III" represents the worldview of the 1960s counterculture, focusing on personal freedom, egalitarianism, and recreational drugs.
- Citron, Rodger D. (August 2007). "Charles Reich's Journey From the Yale Law Journal to the New York Times Best-Seller List: The Personal History of The Greening of America" (PDF). New York Law School Law Review. New York: New York Law School. 52 (3). +–+Google Scholar
- The Greening of America turns 40: Q&A: Charles Reich, by Daniel Schwartz, CBC News, updated: Sept. 27, 2010
|Wikiquote has quotations related to: The Greening of America| | <urn:uuid:080e4e67-ff83-44a4-b768-ff21bd69b2e9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Greening_of_America | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00400-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.850674 | 344 | 1.640625 | 2 |
THE MANGA Sickness unto Death picks up thoughts from the Danish theologian and philosopher Søren Kierkegaard from the 1800’s. In this psychological tragedy an aspiring psychology student tries to therapize his seriously ill landlady.
The story begins by showing professor of psychology, Kazuma Futaba. He takes flowers to a remote tomb. Then he starts to look back on his first patient case, which was also the greatest love of his life.
Sickness unto Death (死に至る病, Shi ni itaru yamai) is written by Hikaru Asada and illustrated by Takahiro Seguchi. It was first released in Japan by Hakusensha in Young Animal magazine in 2009-2010. The story was also published as two paperbacks in 2010.
Vertical has now released the first paperback book in English. The translator’s name is not mentioned. The manga is recommended for older teens, 16 years and over.
When young Futaba Kazuma arrives in the city to study psychology, his first encounter is with a hopeless Emiru Ariga, who is crying in panic on the street. He stops to help the young lady. A little later it is revealed that Emiru hosts a big empty mansion where Kazuma is supposed to rent a room. He has been told in advance that he will sometimes have to help a sick landlady.
Emiru is now 18 years old. Her parents died when she was four. She lives in the Ariga family-mansion alone with an elderly butler called Kuramoto. She is pale and weak, her pulse is slow as well as her blood pressure and body temperature. Due to illness she has stopped studying.
Kuramoto tells Kazuma that Emiru’s nightmarish symptoms are psychosomatic. Physical symptoms of anxiety and panic are produced by a fatal sickness called despair. Emiru displays great confidence in Kazuma. Despite his meager experience Kazuma has to try to find the reason for her despair.
THE CONCEPT of despair, and the name of the manga, come from the Danish Søren Kierkegaard’s (1813-1855) religio-psychological work Sickness unto Death (Sygdommen til døden) published in 1849. The long subtitle of the work is En christelig psychologisk Udvikling til opbyggelse og opvækkelse Af Anti-Climacus.
Kierkegaard thought that human despair is caused by a distorted relationship with God. Man is consciously or unconsciously desperate, if he wants to live a self-dependent life, not relying on faith. A man’s self-realization requires, in addition to faith, a willingness to be one’s own self. In Sickness unto Death the protagonist Anti-Climacus sinks deeper and deeper into despair, where he eventually defies God.
Kierkegaard’s Sickness unto Death can definitely not be regarded as a textbook of modern psychology or psychotherapy. However, I eagerly expect to see, how deep the manga progresses into the terms of Kierkegaard’s philosophy, and how seriously the philosopher’s christian ideas will be taken.
In the first paperback, the young protagonist just starts to read Sickness unto Death, which he has received from the teacher of his psychotherapy lessions.
By the way, the history of European philosophy is also touched in Shuzo Oshimi’s manga The Flowers of Evil. It is based on Charles Baudelaire’s collection of poems. The French poet Baudelaire (1821-1867) was a contemporary of Kierkegaard. He discussed the horrors of being human from a different perspective than Kierkegaard.
IT IS practically impossible to think a real life psychologist or psychiatrist would try to give therapy relying on Kierkegaard’s ideas. Thus, the manga is not based on reality. But if you can accept this much of unreality, the story is very interesting. Maybe it is even a good idea to discuss severe mental problems by taking some distance.
Until two years ago Emiru was a happy and lively student. Then she suddenly started to wither away. Nightmares from childhood torture her, and she does not want to take any more. Despair occurs when she sees scarier things than death, and death itself becomes a relief. Takahiro Seguchi’s drawings superbly illustrate the the beauty and fragileness of Emiru.
Kazuma makes all the mistakes that an aspiring therapist can do. Like quoting Søren Kierkegaard would not suffice, he will even start to therapize Emiru even though his only knowledge of psychotherapy comes from reading one textbook. Naturally happens what never should happen: the therapist and the patient fall in love with each other. With a young man trying to save his beloved, we are truly far away from professional therapy.
In spite of his clumsiness, Kazuma little by little peels into the despair and mystery locked inside Emiru’s mind. The first part already reveals, that the core of the problem is Emiru’s relationship with his late father.
Maybe there is something similar to what is found in Mitsuru Hattori’s manga Sankarea, maybe something else. In any case, I look forward to reading the second part. | <urn:uuid:4ca76d34-09d9-4f8d-ae6c-f9968d6ae4ad> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://futoiyatsu.wordpress.com/articles-in-english/deadly-despair/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00568-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949592 | 1,124 | 2.375 | 2 |
GEORGE C. MCGOUGH NATURE PARK
Also known as the "Turtle Park" for its abundant aquatic turtle population, George C McGough Nature Park is a 26 acre park located along the Intracoastal Waterway. The Nature Center houses live animal exhibits, including 22 rescued, non-releasable birds (owls, hawks & an eagle), and offers several environmental education programs. Our nature trails, including a comfortable rubberized walking trail, are a great way to see the natural beauty of Florida. Also included are outside shelters and a playground with a kid's zipline. No dogs, including service dogs, are allowed in the park because of the captive birds on the property. Take a virtual tour or stop by today. | <urn:uuid:0a48a4f7-6327-4ae1-a9b0-3da732934735> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.playlargo.com/facilities/the_narrows_environmental_education_center/index.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.961234 | 155 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Migos’ breakout hit “Crappy and you can Boujee” turned into a social occurrence on their 2017 release, and soon sufficient, they seemed like people were rapping along. Brand new track ran widespread to your social networking as well as on the radio, eventually hitting No. 1 to your Billboard Sensuous one hundred and snagging them awesome-prestigious honors, as well as nominations having Greatest Hip-Leap Clips on 2017 MTV Clips Audio Honors and best Rap Overall performance on 2018 Grammys. “Bad and you will Boujee” is actually certainly 2017’s most remarkable musical, so it’s not surprising brand new Migos tune continues to be an enthusiast-favourite, party-playlist go-so you can for fans, even even today. That said, for many audience, there is some misunderstandings more exactly what the song’s key lyrics implied. What exactly just do boujee suggest? Some tips about what you have to know.
The “Bad and Boujee” words, “My personal b*tch try crappy and you may boujee (bad) Cookin’ upwards dope having good Uzi (blaow),” rapidly became renowned. Considering Metropolitan Dictionary, in the context of the brand new Migos track, “boujee” mode, “Top quality, flossin’, ballin’. Individual that features swag. Elite, steeped.”
There was multiple definitions into keyword, whether or not, that have that having a slightly a whole lot more bad connotation. The definition of is additionally a conventionalized types of brand new currently-popular jargon word “bougie.” It spelling are found in mention of someone who try snobby and you will leaves on the airs otherwise aspires to get of a beneficial high class than just they are.
One another conditions are an abbreviation of your own keyword “bourgeois,” good French term created in the new 18th 100 years to spell it out the fresh new middle class which honored a good materialistic longevity of luxury. The present closest similar could be upper-middle-income group people that spend a lot of your energy during the nation nightclubs.
In “Crappy and you can Boujee,” Migos sets a go toward term and you can redefines they within the a far more positive method, which is element of what generated the song so popular.
Regarding the musical video, Migos and a team of ladies constantly contrast on their own by wearing high priced dresses and you will drinking champagne when you find yourself eating ramen during the a simple-restaurants eatery. They also eat out out of Chanel-labeled prompt-food containers. One to contradictory symbolism are searched on clips, and you may paired with its chosen conventionalized spelling off “boujee,” the new movies is simply regarding the Migos identifying their version of deluxe.
Bad, in this situation, setting a great, and you can boujee doesn’t invariably suggest rich individuals who frequent tennis programs and you can live in lavish mansions or somebody having aspiring to end up being anything they’re not such as the mainly based definitions of one’s conditions imply. For the “Bad and Boujee,” the term “boujee” is really what Migos want it to be: simplicity and you may deluxe all-in-one.
Somebody didn’t understand what we had been these are [to start with]!
New Migos are very well conscious a number of its songs’ words could be confusing from time to time, and treated the situation throughout a interviews on VIP Saturdays radio show that have Sirius XM. “Would people know the way far lyricism you really have?” radio stations host asked. “Because it’s the language.”
Check out every lyrics on the “Crappy and https://datingranking.net/strapon-dating/ you will Boujee” introduction and you may chorus less than
Quavo assented, and you will said it will require a little while to know its wording. “It is our personal terminology, do you know what After all? People don’t know it, when you hiphop regarding it, your gotta break they down,” this new rap artist said. “After you start preference the fresh song much, you will know what we’re talking about. ”
Essentially, the expression “boujee” is what Migos like it to be: convenience and you may deluxe everything in one. It shows the ultimate picture of what Migos imply. | <urn:uuid:a3a7fc5d-48bc-4712-b3a1-a3072d6e28c3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://danonnaadelina.com/2022/07/26/here-s-the-need-boujee-is-spelled-in-different/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.950829 | 997 | 1.617188 | 2 |
ammocete is a valid word in this word list. For a definition, see the external dictionary links below.
The word "ammocete" uses 8 letters: A C E E M M O T.
No direct anagrams for ammocete found in this word list.
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Some random words: appal | <urn:uuid:d4557080-5a26-4fec-bfbd-0980c2c44de4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.morewords.com/word/ammocete/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00181-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.771626 | 246 | 1.921875 | 2 |
1 Meadowcliffe Drive
“Fool’s Paradise will continue to be… a place for healing, for laughter, for shared tears, for growing.” – Doris McCarthy (from Doris McCarthy – My Life)
Fool’s Paradise was the home and studio of Canadian landscape artist, writer and educator Doris McCarthy (1910-2010). The site overlooks Lake Ontario along Toronto’s Scarborough Bluffs. McCarthy first visited the property during a sketching trip in November 1939. She was immediately inspired by the landscape views and picturesque setting, and purchased the property for $1,250. In 1940, she had a small cottage constructed on the site by local builder Forest Telfer.
McCarthy’s mother, Mary Jane, saw the purchase as extravagant, referring to it as “that fool’s paradise of yours.” The name stuck in McCarthy’s mind and the property soon became known as Fool’s Paradise. Originally, the cottage was a summer retreat, but it became her permanent home in 1946.
Fool’s Paradise evolved and grew over McCarthy’s time there, guided by her personal preferences. The one-storey wood frame structure comprises attached wings off the central small studio, kitchen, bathroom and bedroom. The interior of Fool’s Paradise follows an irregular layout, as wings have been added to the original cottage over the years. The living/dining room has high vaulted ceilings with exposed pine beams.
A large studio has a wood-burning Franklin stove. There are large built-in cabinets for storage of paintings and art supplies. A clever pulley device is in place at either end of the studio that McCarthy constructed to lift her large paintings so she could stand back and view them.
The physical surroundings of Fool’s Paradise are spectacular and inspiring. The height of the Bluffs at Fool’s Paradise is 57 metres (187 feet). The area boasts wonderful views, mature trees, a pond, open space with expansive vistas and majestic bluffs overlooking Lake Ontario. Quiet, isolated and picturesque, the site is just 30 minutes (21 kilometres or 13 miles) from downtown Toronto.
The house is set back from the Bluffs by more than 60 metres (200 feet) of landscaped lawn. Flowerbeds and shrubbery along with fruit, pine, spruce and maple trees planted on the property by McCarthy continue to thrive. A pond was added east of the house in 1964 to reflect the beautiful sky and sunlight. A fountain designed by Bailey Leslie is located to the south of the stone patio, adding to the serenity of the site.
Doris McCarthy was committed to the conservation and stewardship of her scenic property. In 1986, she donated seven acres (approximately two hectares) of ravine land on the east side of Fool’s Paradise to the Toronto and Region Conservation Authority (TRCA) to help with erosion control. A walking trail was created in the ravine by the TRCA and was officially named Doris McCarthy Trail. The trail ends at a peninsula visible from the Bluffs that is the site of a large public sculpture erected in McCarthy’s honour. In 1998, McCarthy donated Fool’s Paradise to the Ontario Heritage Trust, while maintaining a life residency.
In 2004, the Doris McCarthy Gallery opened at the University of Toronto Scarborough campus and is the repository of a large collection of her works, along with her personal papers.
Following her death in 2010, the Trust established the Doris McCarthy Artist-in-Residence Centre on the property. | <urn:uuid:9651fd41-6f46-49bc-8cba-307edf77a726> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/Conservation/Buildings/More-buildings/Greater-Toronto-Area/Fool-s-Paradise-%E2%80%93-Doris-McCarthy-Artist-in-Residen.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00240-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951998 | 743 | 1.96875 | 2 |
The Biology of the Inner Light
Melatonin and pinoline, made by the pineal gland are regulated by the seasonal changes in light and darkness, linked to the sleep/wake cycle. Pinoline is made in the pineal from 5HT and hypothesized as the neurochemical trigger for dreaming. Lack of sleep for several nights is often linked to the onset of acute psychotic breakdown in which the person starts hallucinating or “dreaming while awake.” This state of consciousness is common to the dream state, the psychedelic state, and the shamanic initiation experience. (Walking between worlds)
Illumination has been described as being blinded by the manifestation of God’s presence. This brightness has no relation to any visible light. Visionary experience, which has symbolic or religious content, may give way to this dazzling light, which is reported in eastern and western religions. It can confer a palpable glow to the person that is perceptible after the return to ordinary awareness.
Meditation modulates pineal activity, to create a standing wave through resonance effects that affects other brain centers with both chemical and electromagnetic coordination. Resonance can be induced in the pineal using electric, magnetic, or sound energy. Such harmonization resynchronizes both hemispheres of the brain. This results in a chain of synergetic activity resulting in the production and release of hallucinogenic compounds.
Sacred images are generated by the lower temporal which also responds to ritual imagery and is facilitated by prayer and meditation. Religious emotions originate from the middle temporal lobe and are linked to emotional aspects of religious experience, such as joy and awe. Yet neural correlates don't mean that these experiences exist "only" in the brain or are merely illusory; they are associated with distinct neural activity. There is no way to distinguish if the brain causes these experiences, or actually perceives spiritual reality. Visions of bright lights, portals, and spiritual icons correlate with DMT.
"Could it be that human beings have actually evolved specialized neural circuitry for the sole purpose of mediating religious experience?" Neurologist Ramachandran says so. "There may be certain neural pathways—neural structures in the temporal lobe and the limbic system—whose activity makes you more prone to religious belief.”
If this is true, it is easy to see how much this mind-altering chemical could amplify all of the tendencies toward mystical apprehension originating in other parts of the brain.
The pineal contains high levels of the enzymes and building blocks for making DMT, and it may be secreted when inhibitory processes cease blocking its production. It may even produce other chemicals, such as beta-carbolines that magnify and prolong its effects.
Illumination has been described as being blinded by the manifestation of God’s presence, which has no relation to visible light. Visionary experience, which has symbolic or religious content, gives way to this dazzling light, which is reported in eastern and western religions. Sacred Light is generated internally by DMT within the ventricles. Tendencies toward mystical apprehension originating in other parts of the brain are amplified. This universal Clear Light appears in all cultures with different names. Visionary experience with symbolic or religious content gives way to dazzling light of illumination, reported in eastern and western religions.
The mindbody is electronic, but it is rooted in the luminosity of its invisible ground. Living systems are very sensitive to tiny energy fields and resonance phenomena, both locally and at a distance. They allow the cells of the body to work together instantaneously and symphonically. All biological processes are a function of electromagnetic field interactions. EM fields are the connecting link between the world of form and resonant patterns. EM fields embody or store gestalts, patterns of information. Biochemical action and bioelectronic action meet at the quantum-junction.
We can return to Nature and our nature, collectively preparing a paradigm shift for a new shared reality and trajectory of physical, emotional, cognitive and spiritual coherence. The silent frictionless flow of living intelligence is beyond words and conceptual constructs. We are a process of recursive self-generation. This continuum, which is our groundstate or creative Source, is directly discoverable in the immediacy of the emergent embodied moment, in the living Light that generates our Being.
Blinded by the Light
Illumination has been described as being blinded by the manifestation of God’s presence, which has no relation to visible light. Visionary experience, which has symbolic or religious content, gives way to this dazzling light, which is reported in eastern and western religions.
Kabbalalists speak of this light during ecstatic entry into Pardes, the "orchard" of the Garden of Pomegranates, the self-luminous spheres of the Tree of Life. This metaphysical experience of the "Light of the Shekinah," the feminine aspect of the Divine, is associated with qabalistic ascent up the Middle Pillar. In this state the soul remains covered or adorned, and one cleaves to the Light, gazing at the awesome radiance of God (Tzvi ha Shekinah) in rapt mystic Union.
According to Kabbalist Idel, the grace of "sweet radiance" has erotic overtones. It also implies mystical death, separated from all concerns with the mundane world. The Divine Light attracts the light of the soul, "which is weak in relation to the Divine Light." The metaphor is one of magnetic attraction. The Kabbalists tried to reach the pre-fall state of the Primordial Man, to reenter the radiance of the Shekinah, a mystically erotic relationship with the Divine Presence which creates a reflective “glow.”
Entrance of the philosopher or mystic into the Pardes affects only the human soul. But in the Theosophical paradigm it does have affects on the non-human realms, the system of divine powers, influencing the relationships between them. In the Theurgic paradigm there is also an influence on, or struggle with, the demonic realm, which seeks to hold the soul back from union.
In both cases, Pardes represents a danger zone, leading potentially to insanity or death, being overwhelming for most mortals. Premature entry to this realm has been likened to tearing a silk scarf from a rosebush, rather than gently removing it slowly (with regular meditation). It sounds like the wrathful visions of Buddhism and the intensely raw effects of unmediated DMT.
Want to take an active role in your own spiritual life, a safe and easy mind trip? Would you like to glimpse some of the experiences outlined here? Or even just get the mental health benefits of deep relaxation and increased inner focus? Intimidated by the prospect of spending 15 to 20 years learning to meditate to attain life-enhancing benefits?
Haven’t had a near-death experience and don’t want one? Too busy to devote your life to alchemy, or spend endless years in transpersonal therapies, or too afraid to allow a “mad scientist” to zap your brain with EM frequencies, hook your brain up to a high-tech scanning machine, or inject you with psychedelic substances?
Modern technology offers an easy DO IT YOURSELF, “passive” alternative. Anyone can employ a safe and easy technique that automatically puts you in the “zone.” A form of “yogatronics” is available using a simple CD and headphones with input from subsonic frequencies. This audio technology creates a harmonization of the left and right hemispheres of the brain, and automatically drives the brain harmlessly into the Alpha or Theta brainwave range.
This resonance phenomenon, entrainment, is called the frequency-following response, or binaural beat technology. Entrainment is the process of synchronization, where vibrations of one object will cause another to oscillate at the same rate. It works by embedding two different tones in a stereo background. Continuous tones of subtlely different frequencies (such as 100 and 108 cycles per second) are delivered to each ear independently via stereo headphones. The tones combine in a pulsing “wah wah” tone.
External rhythms can have a direct effect on the psychology and physiology of the listener. The brain effortlessly begins resonating at the same rate as the difference between the two tones, ideally in the 4-13 Hz. (Theta and Alpha) range for meditation. All you have to do is sit quietly and put on the headphones. The brain automatically responds to certain frequencies, behaving like a resonator.
You may not become immediately enlightened, but hemispheric synchronization helps with a whole host of problems stemming from abnormal hemispheric asymmetries. Problems, often resulting from stress or abuse in early life, include REM sleep problems, narcissism, addictive and self-defeating behaviors. Communication between hemispheres correlates with flashes of insight, wisdom and creativity.
The hemispheres are meant to work in concert with one another. Interactive hemispheric feedback is used to treat disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, ADD, addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety, and a host of other dysfunctions. Disorders of under-arousal include depression, attention-deficit disorder (ADD), chronic pain and insomnia. Overarousal includes anxiety disorders, problems getting to sleep, nightmares, ADHD, hypervigilance, impulsive behavior, anger/aggression, agitated depression, chronic nerve pain, and spasticity.
Because the brain is functionally “plastic” in nature, creating and exercising new neural pathways can retrain neural circuitry. In meditation, the halves of the brain become synchronized and exhibit nearly identical patterns of large, slow brainwaves. Rhythmic pulses can modulate collective neuronal synchrony. Then, both lobes automatically play in concert.
Rhythm regulates the entire spectrum of activation and arousal by kindling, or pulling more and more parts of the brain into the process. Disorders related to under- and over- arousal, including attentional and emotional problems, can be stabilized by self-organizing restructuring. Depressions, anxiety, worry, fear, and panic can be moderated. Stimulating neglected neural circuitry creates new pathways, improving equilibrium and long-term change, essentially “tuning” the nervous system.
There are many companies branding this self-regulation technology, both in “active” clinical neurofeedback programs, and as “passive” home programs. Among the oldest is the Monroe Institute , which calls its trademarked method Hemi-Synch. Another program offered by Centerpointe Research Institute is called Holosynch. BioPulse is another. Another variation uses light pulses from goggles to drive the process, and is marketed as Alpha-Stim
Are there things we should not know? We are innately geared to crave ecstasy, “escape reality,” and seek extraordinary or novel experiences on our way to wisdom. The history of mankind recounts the stages of that journey. Religions and mysticism arose from the accounts of spontaneous spiritual experiences. In shamanism, our ancestors sought them in an instinctual or animalistic way. In art, myth and ritual we sought them in a human, if narcissistic and self-expressive reactionary way.
Curiously, DMT is ubiquitous in the biosphere, found everywhere from a variety of botanicals to mammals: It has been documented in rat brains at birth. Not only is it found in seaweed, flowers, vines, acacia tree (Sant), toadskins, Desmanthus illinoensis and Mimosa hostilis, A. columbrina, lawn grass, etc., but also in our brains and spinal columns.
It is only in Western society that the potential shaman, with all of their psychic gifts, is ignored and treated as sick. All other human societies have honored their prophets, psychics, seers and shamans. We need to learn to recognize the potential shaman in our midst and re-learn what is required to ground them, teach them and train them so that their creative and psychic abilities can be a gift, not a curse, and can be used for their and our benefit. (Roney – Dougal)
In creativity and meditation we seek in a fully conscious way, willfully cooperating and facilitating the process not only of connecting with the divine, but experiencing ourselves in the process of “becoming” divine or being sacred. The ego no longer perceives itself as a separate expression of consciousness, but reconnects with our metaprogram as the same essence as All, infused with Light.
What do imaginative children, passionate lovers, dreamers, psychonauts, telepaths, bliss-bunnies, UFO abductees, shamans and neo-shamans, birthing mothers and babies, near-death experiencers, and schizophrenics have in common? The same thing Tibetan, Taoist and Kabbalistic masters, meditators, mystics and religious prophets share. Their brains are flooded with natural psychedelic pineal secretions that tenaciously cling to their synaptic junctions, electrifying their whole being with multisensory virtual stimuli, experiential beliefs and delusions about the nature of reality.
The resonant buzzing of our own bioelectronic Third Eyes can awaken latent metaprogram circuits, leaving us virtually blinded by compelling mind-altering hallucinations. In extraordinary circumstances, chemical brainstorms of scintillating multidimensional visionary Light are generated in our own craniums producing demons, divinities, aliens, oceanic ecstasies, death/rebirth, and time distortion. This hyperdelic retinal circus is your brain on the natural high, DMT.
This spiritual supercharge, revealed in all wisdom literature, has been sought by cultures from Egypt and Asia to the Americas, from Druids to Tibetan lamas, and now in modern science. Psychedelic alchemist, Sasha Shulgin claims, “DMT is everywhere,” in nature. Seekers have ceremonially emptied or exhausted their mindbodies, using plant or animal products, spiritual technologies, sensory deprivation, social isolation, fasting and ordeals, rhythmic chanting, drumming, even sex, to hasten and drive the neurological illumination. (Miller, 2006)
Mathematician Ralph Abraham reports scientific inspiration from synthetic DMT:
“At one time, around 1969, we used large doses of DMT, and this period was crucially important to the whole evolution of my mathematical understanding of consciousness, based on geometry, topology, nonlinear dynamics and the theory of vibrating waves. For in these experiments, although lasting only a few minutes, the reciprocal processes of vibrations producing forms and forms producing vibrations were clearly perceived in abstract visual fields.” (2006)
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Miller, Iona; "Chaos as the Universal Solvent: Re-creational ego death in psychedelic consciousness"; Psychedelics ReImagined, Thom Lyttle, Ed. New York: Autonomedia, 1999.
Miller, Iona (1994) BECOMING THE VINE: An Anecdotal Account of an Ayahuasca Initiation
Miller, Iona (2001), NEUROTHEOLOGY 101:Technoshamanism and Our Innate Capacity for Spiritual or Mystical Experience, Institute for Consciousness Science & Technology
Miller, Iona (2003), How the Brain Creates God: The Emerging Science of Neurotheology, Chaosophy, Asklepia Pub. http://neurotheology.50megs.com
Pickover, Cliff (2006) http://sprott.physics.wisc.edu/Pickover/pc/dmt.html
Radha, Soami Sivananda (1990) The Divine Light Invocation; Timeless Books, Spokane, Washington.
Roney-Dougal, Serena, Walking Between the Worlds: Links Between Psi, Psychedelics, Shamanism, and Psychosis.
Sabom, M. B. (1982). Recollections of death: a medical investigation. Harper and Row, New York.
Strassman, Rick (1990), “The Pineal Gland”, Psychedelic Monographs & Essays, Vol. 5, Thom Lyttle, Ed., PM & E Publishing Group, Boynton Beach, Florida
Strassman, Rick (2001). DMT: The Spirit Molecule. Rochester, Vermont: Park St. Press. http://www.rickstrassman.com | <urn:uuid:d6ada5e4-2844-4da3-9434-7e0973c392e8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.esotericonline.net/forum/topics/pineal-dmtpart-ii | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00193-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.911525 | 3,662 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Consumer protection is a new area of law; hence, the term does not appear in classical sources of Jewish law. The meaning of the concept is implied in the term itself: our generation is one of abundance, with great demands, numerous consumers, and extensive consumption. The consumers are not organized; each one consumes for himself and his household. On the other hand, there are large producers and distributors: manufacturers, monopolies, chain stores, merchants, suppliers, and agents of various kinds who are familiar with the markets and dictate its terms, including, inter alia, the consumer culture itself. Consequently, the consumer requires legal protection, as he does not always receive fair value for his money, both in terms of price and quality of goods.
This question is not confined to the sphere of commerce, but arises in the context of services as well. Contemporary society regards services as a commodity, and the service provided is not always commensurate with the price received for it.
But the term consumer protection is not only a matter of the relationship between consumer and supplier, or consumer and service provider, in terms of the contract between them and its execution. Consumer protection must be considered as part of the overall economic system. Does the economic system protect or even benefit the consumer? This question extends beyond the scope of our discussion, and we will only touch upon it briefly.
Although, as mentioned, the term consumer protection does not appear in our sources, Jewish law does deal with these problems. Some of the laws in the field relate to the overall economic system and the maintenance of fair trade, while others are designed to protect various weak parties, including the consumer. Most of the laws mentioned below also appear in the context of other entries, such as
(overreaching or misrepresentation),
; hence, we will treat those topics more briefly, referring the reader to the aforementioned entries for fuller discussion.
The Economic System
There are two major contemporary economic systems, albeit on a practical level each one includes elements of the other.
The first system, capitalism, advocates a free, competitive market, functioning according to the principles of supply and demand, without governmental involvement. The second, socialism-communism, espouses governmental involvement in the market economy, through the setting and supervising of prices, distribution and direction of the means of production, even to the extent of nationalization.
Each system has its advantages and drawbacks. The former system, practiced in the West, and most notably in the
United States, is attractive and alluring, but does not ensure wealth and happiness to all; there are many indigent people in need of welfare services. The latter system, in its extreme form, collapsed in the U.S.S.R. A number of reasons contributed to its collapse, among them the indomitable human spirit, man's yearning for freedom, including freedom of initiative, business, and property rights.
Jewish law takes the middle road. It accommodates initiative and competition, but in a limited fashion, thereby assuring the possibility of acquiring wealth, but without excessively impinging upon the poor and weak. This approach is manifested in a series of different laws. Given the casuistic nature of Jewish law, which deals with the particular and the concrete, inductive reasoning is necessary in order to infer general principles from the particular cases.
We will briefly mention a few pertinent laws in this field.
One who gives a loan fulfills a positive commandment (Ex. 22:24; and Rashi loc. cit.). Loans are also a vital element in economic development. One person has capital, while another has initiative and productive abilities, but requires capital by way of a loan in order to realize these potentials. Thus far, the loan serves the borrower's interest: if he is poor, it provides him with his immediate needs; if he has initiative, it provides him with the means for setting up a factory or business. However, the loan is also in the interest of the loaner. In addition to the kindness involved, he hopes to profit from the interest to be accrued. The risk involved is that the benefit attained by the borrower will instead become a source of damage, as the borrower who does not succeed in his business will need to pay back the principal and interest without any economic justification,. which the lender receives unconditionally, at no personal risk. The lender thus becomes enriched at the borrower's expense, while the latter becomes impoverished. Biblical law intervenes and forbids the taking of interest, thereby preventing the widening of the gap between the two. Biblical law thus protects the interest of the borrower, who is also a consumer. Other laws promote freedom and initiative, on the one hand, and concern for the poor and weak, on the other. These include the sabbatical and jubilee laws, and in particular the cancellation of debts in the sabbatical year, various forms of charity, limits on commercial competition and against unjustified withholding of wages, the right of the worker to terminate his service before the completion of work, and others.
Hafka'at She'arim (Profiteering)
A number of laws are intended expressly for the consumer's protection. They are intended to ensure fair prices within the framework of a free market, where there is an accepted, standard market price. Whoever deviates from the market price without the other's knowledge transgresses the prohibition on deceit, as explained below. Jewish Law also intervenes in the setting of prices. In a free market, there is a danger that manufacturers and merchants will employ artificial means to influence prices. Jewish Law therefore prohibits profiteering. The Talmud (Meg. 17b) states that the blessing in the Shemoneh Esreh prayer for the year's produce was instituted by the sages against "profiteers," on the basis of the verse, "Break the arm of the wicked," which Rashi explains there as referring to "those who overprice produce and inflate prices." In other words, they artificially hike up prices in order to profit at the expense of the poor. For example: merchants who hoard their wares in order to market them at exorbitant prices when there is a shortage. There are also merchants who market their wares through agents, thereby increasing the price paid by the consumer (BB 90b). The Talmud further states (ibid., 90a): "A merchant should not make a profit of more than one sixth." However, these laws only refer to those goods which are considered essential or "life supporting," and the authorities dispute whether this category includes all foodstuffs or only some of them (see Maggid Mishneh and Kesef Mishneh on Maimonides, Yad, Hilkhot Mekhirah 14:2; Me'irat Einayim on ḤM 231:36). Regarding all other goods, the market is free and "he can charge as much as he likes" (Maimonides, ibid.).
Another category of articles subjected to regulation includes items required for the fulfillment of positive commandments, such as shofar, lulav, tefillin, matzah, etc. With respect to this category the sages adopted supply-promoting measures that lead to price reductions: inter alia, by issuing lenient halakhic rulings (see Mish., Ker. 1:7 concerning the post-natal mother's sacrifice, and Suk. 34b regarding pruned myrtles on Sukkot). For details of the laws on this subject, see
The Services Market
In addition to protecting consumers of commodities Jewish Law also protects consumers of services from paying in excess of the value of the services rendered. Here, too, the tendency is to provide the consumer with the opportunity to receive essential services at reasonable prices. The policy of ensuring cheap prices for religious commodities also applied to religious services.
The Talmud (Ned. 37a) interprets the verse: "'God commanded me at that time to teach you … just as I [teach you] free, so shall you [teach others] for free." In other words, there is a positive obligation to teach Torah gratis. Similarly, the Mishnah states (Bek. 4:6) that payment is not to be accepted by persons fulfilling a positive commandment, such as a judge, witness, or one who prepares the waters of ritual purification (mei ḥatat) or sprinkles them on the ritually impure. The Talmud distinguishes, however, between wages paid for the actual performance of a commandment, and those paid for various preparatory labors involved in its performance. It is thus permitted to accept wages for transporting the ashes of the red heifer or for filling up the water used in that ritual. Similarly, the Mishnah states that one who, in order to perform a commandment, is compelled to take time off from work, may accept compensation for time lost. Thus, in the case of a judge adjudicating a legal dispute (even where there was no prior
agreement to that effect), we estimate what proportion of a person's wages he would be prepared to forgo (in accordance with the wage level and the difficulty of his work) in order to fulfill a commandment rather than working (see Sh. Ar., ḤM 9:5). This method enables those who spread Torah, such as rabbis, judges, teachers, as well as doctors, to receive payment for their work. According to another view, it is permitted to take payment when paid by the community rather than by individuals (see Tos. citing R. Tam, Ket. 105a).
The level of the judge's wage is "enough for his livelihood" (Ket., ibid.). The Talmud does not consider the possibility that he might demand more than this. Maimonides adds: "Their livelihood: for them, their wives, their children, and the members of their households" (Maim., Yad, Shekalim 4:7).
Regarding the fulfillment of commandments by the consumer, such as one who requires the services of a scribe to write a Torah scroll, tefillin, or mezuzah for him, mention should be made of the appeal made by the Tiferet Yisrael, based on the Mishnah (Bek., ibid.) "… that it is not fitting to burden people [monetarily] too much in matters of Torah and mitzvot," i.e. special care is required not to financially burden people with respect to items they need to purchase for the performance of commandments.
Wage Rates in Private Sector
In general, wages in the free market are fixed according to supply and demand. Nevertheless, in two situations Jewish Law does intervene:
(a) Determination of fees by service providers. A professional association can determine a price for services provided by its members to the public. The danger is that the price may be excessively high, without economic justification. Jewish Law responded to this situation by requiring the approval of "an important person" to protect the consumers' interests (BB 9a; and Sh. Ar, ḤM 231:28).
(b) Where a private person charges more than the accepted price for his services. In certain cases, the consumer pays a higher price due to his ignorance of the accepted price (see the discussion of overreaching, below). On other occasions, he is aware of the accepted price but may be forced to pay an exorbitant price. This issue is discussed in Yevamot 106a:
If he [an escapee] was fleeing from prison and reached a ferry and he said [to the ferryman]: "Take a dinar [which is an inflated price] and take me across," he [the ferryman] is entitled only to his [normal] wage.
The Talmud explains that the person who undertook to pay can say to the ferryman: "I was fooling with you [and did not intend to pay the inflated price]" (see Maim. Yad, Hilkhot Gezelah ve-Avedah 12:7; Sh. Ar., ḤM 264:7). However, the exemption is dependent on the fulfillment of two conditions: first, that the service provider inflated the price due to the customer's distress; second, that the service provider had other work at that time, which he lost because of the client.
Accordingly, the Shulḥan Arukh (ḤM 264:7) rules: "In addition, someone fleeing from prison … he [the service provider] receives only his [normal] wage, and if he [the service provider] was a hunter and he [the client] said to him: 'Stop hunting and help me across,' he must pay him whatever they agreed upon, and this applies to other similar cases." The Rema adds: "Some authorities contend that the ruling that he [the service provider] is only entitled to his [normal] wage applies exclusively to instances in which it is not customary to pay a high price, but where a high price is the norm – for instance, with swearing by demons (to find a lost article) or for medical treatment – he must pay him whatever they agreed upon."
This is another rule that protects the consumer, although the original intention was to protect both sides: the seller and the buyer. The Torah states (Lev. 25:14): "When you sell an item to your friend, or buy from your friend, do not defraud each other." The sages derived the law of overreaching from this verse. That is, if it transpires that the price of the transaction deviated from the accepted price by one-sixth of its value or more, the aggrieved party has the option of imposing a sanction upon the offender, irrespective of whether he acted intentionally or accidentally (see Sh. Ar., ḤM 227; and
Nowadays, due to the aforementioned market conditions, it is usually the consumer who is the overreached party, and the laws of ona'ah are intended to protect him from exaggerated prices.
We have thus far focused on issues of pricing, but at times the problem relates to the nature or identification of the transaction. In this context, Jewish Law protects the consumer in a variety of fields.
MISTAKEN IDENTITY: In some cases the contract may be legally executed, but at the time of performance a discrepancy emerges between what was agreed upon and the concrete situation. In this context, the Mishnah states (BB 5:6): "He sold him … olive wood and it turned out to be sycamore … both are entitled to cancel the deal." This is a case in which both parties make a mistake.
A MISTAKE IN THE OBJECT OF THE TRANSACTION: Sometimes the object of the transaction is transferred as required, but the consumer claims that there is a mistake related to the object of the transaction. We may distinguish between two different situations:
A. A Mistake relating to Quantity:
Sometimes the seller permits himself a small deviation in terms of measure, weight, or quantity from a large number of customers, to "compensate himself" for his small profit margin. Therefore, the Torah warns (Lev. 19:35): "Do not defraud, in measurements, in weights, or in measuring; fair scales …" The in judgment sages' exegesis of this verse indicates the extremity of the measures taken in order to prevent the offense: first,
extreme accuracy is required: the Talmud (BM 61b; BB 89b) interprets the verse as follows: "'In measurements' [of an] area of land – he must not sell to one during the summer and to another during the winter." This is because the rope used for measuring length is not the same length in the summer as in the winter. 'In weight' he should not dip the weights in salt. [Tosafot, in the name of Rabenu Tam, explained that this is because "salt lightens the weights").] 'In measure' [teaches] that one must not cause [the liquid] to foam. This means that it is forbidden for the seller to pour the wine from a height into the client's measuring vessel, because it foams … and appears full" (see Rashbam on BB, ibid.).
The passage clearly proves that the margin of accuracy required is 1/63 of a log, and the Shulḥan Arukh (ḤM 231:6) rules: "Even if [the measure] is very small, so that the foam is not worth one penny." Secondly, there are restrictions that extend beyond the strict scope of the prohibition: Not only is defrauding forbidden, but there is an a priori obligation to ensure the accuracy of the scales. Therefore: "Weights must not be made of tin, lead, or other types of metal, because they wear" (BB, ibid.). Moreover, based on the verse "you shall not have in your pocket …" the rabbis deduced that it is forbidden to possess an inaccurate measure in your house, so that it does not become an inadvertent stumbling block (Sh. Ar., ibid., 3). The court is responsible for taking precautions, by appointing inspectors charged with ensuring the accuracy of weights and measures (ibid., 2). Thirdly, in case of doubt, the seller must err in favor of the customer. This is derived from the verse (Deut. 25:15) "A full and righteous stone [weight] …" According to rabbinic exegesis: "Be righteous from yourself and give to him" (Sh. Ar., ibid., 14)
What remedy does the consumer have when he receives less than the agreed quantity of goods?
The Talmud (Kid. 42b) rules that the transacted object is returned. The authorities disagreed over the meaning of this ruling. Some hold that the transaction is annulled (Tos., BB 104a). Some distinguish between real estate and chattel: only with real estate must the defrauder supplement the amount or reduce the price as appropriate (Rashbam, BB, ibid.). Others distinguish between situations in which he can make up the lack, as with a shortfall in the weight or amount of a given product, and others which cannot be corrected, such as a house which is smaller than the agreed-upon size, in which case the transaction is annulled (see Naḥmanides on BB 103b; Sh. Ar., Ḥ.M. 232:1; Me'irat Einayim 4 and the novel-lae of the Gaon of Vilna, ad loc.). According to some authorities, if the transaction was made on the understanding that it is complete, but turns out to be deficient, the transaction is annulled. If, however, a sale of 100 eggs is agreed upon and it turns out that some are missing, the lack must be made up (Rabad's glosses on Maim., Hilkhot Mekhirah 15:2). According to another view, the transaction is always upheld, and the seller must make up the amount or, if this is not possible, reduce the price (Rashba, BB 103b).
B. A MISTAKE RELATING TO QUALITY
The Mishna (BB 5:6) states: "If he sold him good wheat and it turned out to be bad, the purchaser may renege." Here, there is no remedy of supplementing the transaction, the only remedy is the annulment. Maimonides gives the following explanation (Mekhirah 15:2):
We do not calculate the loss of value due to the fault … If the fault reduces its value by an issar [a negligible amount] he returns the vessel, and the seller cannot say to the buyer, "Take an issar in compensation for the loss of value" because the buyer can say to him, "I want a perfect item."
But not every change in the attributes or quality of goods annuls a transaction. Some changes are small, in which case the remedy lies in compensation or repair. Thus, for example, the Shulḥan Arukh rules in accordance with R. Asher regarding someone who sells a house in a different city, where it transpires that before the sale was complete Gentiles destroyed the windows and doors. In such a case, the transaction is not annulled. This is considered a "passing fault" that can be repaired. Therefore: "He [the seller] reduces the payment so that the buyer can restore the house to its previous state" (Sh. Ar., ḤM 232:5). There is also the case of a fault that is extraneous to the transaction and which can be remedied. For instance, if it transpires that a canal runs by the house, or another party has a right of passage through the house, the seller must remove this "obstacle," and the transaction is not annulled (Rema, ibid.).
What are the criteria for determining a mistaken transaction?
The more the customer details his original demands, the greater his opportunity to claim a mistaken transaction in the case of disagreement over the interpretation of the contract. A prior condition can serve to illuminate the parties' intentions (see Sh. Ar, ḤM 214:1). But regarding an actual fault, no prior stipulation is required: "It is assumed that any buyer wants a perfect article with no faults." In this context, a fault includes: "anything that the local residents agree is a fault, such as annuls a transaction of this kind" (Maim. Yad, Hilkhot Mekhirah 15:5; Sh. Ar., ḤM 2:6).
It follows that the local custom establishes the limits for a claim of mistaken transaction. The designated use of the item also influences the result of the consumer's claim. If a customer purchases a slave with a hidden blemish which does not prevent him from carrying out his work, such as a wart, he cannot claim this as a blemish, because the slave is intended for work and for no other purpose (Sh. Ar., ibid., 10). But if the item can serve several purposes, and the buyer failed to stipulate the purpose of his purchase, then even if the majority of consumers purchase it for the purpose he claims "we do not follow the majority in monetary matters." Hence, if someone purchases an ox, and it turns out to be a goring ox suitable for slaughter only and not for plowing, he cannot annul the transaction on the grounds of mistaken purchase (Sh. Ar., ibid., 23).
In some instances, the claim of mistaken purchase is contingent on the behavior of the purchaser: (a) If he knew in advance that the concrete reality did not conform with the terms of the agreement, the claim of nonconformity is not accepted, unless he made a condition to that effect (Rema, Ḥ.M. 220:10; Gra, ibid.); (b) If the purchaser used the item after seeing the fault he is considered "as if he has waived [his claim], and it is not annulled" (Sh. Ar., ibid., 3). Some hold that it is the purchaser's responsibility to check the item so that he can later claim that it is unsuitable (see Maggid Mishneh on Maim., Hilkhot Mekhirah 5:3). Others, however, limit this obligation to specific circumstances (see Netivot ha-Mishpat on Ḥ.M. 232:1; Pitḥei Teshuvah ad loc.).
The seller, for his part, can protect himself from the claim of mistaken transaction if he makes an appropriate condition in advance to the effect that the buyer waives his right to annul the transaction in that particular instance (see Sh. Ar., ḤM 232:7–9).
The principal requirement of the seller relates to his presentation of the goods. He must be careful not to mislead the buyer. Not only is lying forbidden: concealing relevant information and misleading the buyer are similarly prohibited. Thus Maimonides rules (Yad, Hilkhot Mekhirah 18:1): "It is forbidden to defraud people in business or to mislead them. This applies equally to Gentiles and Jews. If he is aware of a fault in his merchandise, he must inform the buyer."
There are various kinds of actions that amount to misleading, but for our purposes we shall quote Maimonides (De'ot 2:6):
It is forbidden to sell a Gentile the meat of a carcass instead of ritually slaughtered meat, or a shoe made from [the skin of] a carcass rather than one made from [the skin of] a slaughtered animal … rather [you should have] truth in speech, an honest spirit, and a heart which is pure of all deceit and wrong-doing.
Even if there is no difference between the price of slaughtered meat and the price of a carcass, the Gentile is grateful to him for selling him what he assumes to be slaughtered meat, which is considered of a higher quality.
At times the law depends on the behavior of the seller. Hence the ruling:
It is forbidden to apply color [or apply makeup] to a person (i.e., a Canaanite slave), or an animal, or to vessels; for example, to dye the beard of a slave about to be sold to make him look young; or to give an animal bran water to drink, which causes it to swell and its hair to stand on end, so that it looks fat … (Sh. Ar., ḤM 228:9).
This does not mean that all advertising is forbidden. Improving the external appearance of merchandise without concealing faults is permitted. The Mishnah (Ar. 6:5) states: "… although they ruled that a slave sold with clothes is worth more, so that if you buy him a cloak worth 30 dinars, it increases his value by a maneh [i.e., 100 dinars]." Rashi explains that this is so "… because good clothing enhances them and adds to their value."
In his gloss on the Mishnah, Tiferet Yisrael adds that coloring the merchandise with intent to deceive is forbidden, but "… to wash and anoint him [the slave] to encourage the buyers to purchase him is permitted."
In certain instances, the seller's presentation of the product can be interpreted in different ways, and if the purchaser fails to verify the true significance, he has only himself to blame. The Talmud (Hul. 94b) gives the example of an announcement for the sale of meat to Gentiles. Here it is the responsibility of the gentiles to conclude that the meat is terefah (not ritually slaughtered in accordance with Jewish Law).
In principle, advertising directed at the emotions and imagination is permissible. The Mishnah therefore rules (BM 4:12):
R. Judah said: a shopkeeper must not distribute parched corn or nuts to children, because he thereby accustoms them to come to him; the sages permit it. Nor may he reduce the price; but the sages say, he is to be remembered for good.
The ruling is in accordance with the sages' view. This demonstrates that free competition is more important than the possibility of deceiving people. However, it is still necessary to beware of overly seductive advertising, which obscures relevant information. The same Mishnah states: "One must not sift pounded beans: This is the view of Abba Saul. but the sages permit it." The sages ruling was accepted as the binding rule. In other words, the assumption is that the buyer will not be deceived into overrating the importance of the removal of the debris. However, the Mishnah continues:
… but they agree that he may not remove the debris from the face of the dish only, because this amounts to creating a deceptive appearance. (This ruling was codified in the Shulḥan Arukh, ḤM 228:17.)
The Tosafot YomTov accurately point out that the phrase "creating a deceptive appearance" (literally "stealing the eye") implies that, even if the seller informs the buyer that he only sifted the top layer, he may nevertheless be deceived by the sight of clean merchandise, and receive the wrong impression.
An additional concern pertinent to the kind of commercial advertising common today is the use of immodest pictures and signs, etc. Similarly, one must beware of applying subliminal pressure to buy unnecessary merchandise, even to the extent of turning consumption itself into a value. This contravenes the words of Naḥmanides on the verse "You shall be holy …" (Lev. 19:2), where he states: "… that we should remove ourselves from luxuriousness."
The Legal Position in Israel
There are a number of laws relating to fair trade and the required agreement between a contract and its execution. We shall mention a few of these: the Standards Law, 5713 – 1953; the Sales Law, 5728 – 1968; the Contracts (General Part) Law,
5733 – 1973; the Standard Contracts Law, 5724 – 1964; the Contracts (Remedy for Breach of Contract) Law 5731 – 1971.
However, of special significance for our purposes is the Consumer Protection Law, 5741/1981. In the introduction to the explanatory note of the bill (Haẓa'ot Ḥok, 5780 p. 301), it was emphasized that "the proposal is deeply rooted in Jewish law, which provides extensive protection for the consumer within the framework of the laws of deception and fraud." In addition to some of the sources cited above, the words of the amora R. Levi are quoted: "The punishment for [false] measures is more rigorous than that for [marrying] forbidden relatives" (BB 88b).
The words of the Tosefta (BK 7:2) are also quoted: "There are seven types of thieves. Foremost among them – he who deceives people." The principles of Jewish Law pertaining to the topic are also quoted, as detailed above. | <urn:uuid:d2e53eb8-853a-4f82-892f-9edbf6a31d36> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0005_0_04595.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00250-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953264 | 6,290 | 3.015625 | 3 |
If Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton wins the U.S. presidency, her husband Bill Clinton would fill the role traditionally held by women first ladies.
How would this role be different for Bill Clinton, especially since he served as the 42nd president of the United States?
First ‘gentleman’ would be a first in American politics
“There are no precedents,” said Allan Litchman, professor of history at American University in Washington, D.C. “But certainly he should not be called the first lady. He should be called the first gentleman, of course.”
Bill Clinton has not publicly discussed his possible role as first gentleman. He has said that if Hillary Clinton is elected, he will resign from the board of the not-for-profit Clinton Foundation. Hillary Clinton has repeatedly said that as president, she would surely include him in her administration.
Hillary Clinton was clear about this question during a campaign stop earlier this year in the southern state of Kentucky. “My husband, who I’m going to put in charge of revitalizing the economy, because you know he knows how to do it.”
In this June 22, 1994 file photo, President Bill Clinton and first lady Hillary Clinton for supporters in Washington. (AP
More recently, she was asked about her husband’s possible role during an interview on the CBS News show 60 Minutes. “I will be the president. But it does happen to be a historical fact that my husband served as president for eight years,” she said. “And there’s a lot that happened which helped the American people during those eight years. I want an economy that creates more jobs.”
Dr. Anthony J. Eksterowicz is an honorary professor of political science at James Madison University. He says the first lady’s office has become much more professional over the years and is now also closely linked to the office of the president. He would expect this to continue if Bill Clinton took over as first gentleman.
“I look for even greater professionalization of staff under his management. Probably more staff, more hierarchical organization and much, much higher integration with the White House office and his office.”
Eksterowicz said he has no doubt that Hillary Clinton would use Bill in a much greater political role than most first ladies.
“She’d be crazy not to, given his experience. He knows all the global leaders, he is conversant in domestic policy, and he’s conversant in all policy issues. So he’s an enormous resource and she has to use him and she will use him.”
First Lady Michelle Obama speaks during the first day of the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia, Monday, July 25, 2016. (AP Photo/Paul Sancya)
In the United States, a first lady traditionally does not draw a lot of attention, while supporting her husband. Most take up non-political causes to publicize across America.
One example is Michelle Obama, wife of President Barack Obama. She has led a campaign to reduce child obesity and promote healthy eating. Most Americans can support such a non-political policy.
Role of first lady has changed over time
Hillary Clinton was one of the most politically active first ladies in history. She pushed for one of her husband’s main political goals – to bring health insurance to all Americans. But she faced strong opposition and the administration’s health reform effort failed in the end.
Another first lady who had political influence was Eleanor Roosevelt, wife of the 32nd U.S. president, Franklin D. Roosevelt. She told the nation in 1933 that Americans should not expect their new first lady to be “a symbol of elegance.” Instead, she said they would be getting a "plain, ordinary Mrs. Roosevelt.”
Eleanor Roosevelt said "the destiny of human rights is in the hands of all our citizens in all our communities."
During her service, Eleanor Roosevelt became the first first lady to hold her own press conferences. She also traveled the country visiting relief projects and examining work and living conditions. She campaigned for the rights of the poor and minorities. But she also found time for her official White House entertaining duties.
Eksterowicz said he thinks the next most influential first lady in terms of policy was Rosalynn Carter, wife of the 39th U.S. president, Jimmy Carter.
“This is a woman who sat in on cabinet meetings, Camp David negotiations, served as a presidential ambassador during a Latin American trip, lobbied and testified before Congress.”
This is the official White House portrait of First Lady Rosalynn Carter in the Vermeil Room, Feb. 18, 1977, Washington, D.C. (AP Photo/White House)
He noted that Carter expanded her role by creating a new position of chief of staff and integrating her office with the White House office.
Some first ladies have also had influence in a less public way. One was Nancy Reagan, wife of the 40th U.S. president, Ronald Reagan. Nancy had a “powerful” impact from behind the scenes, according to Eksterowicz.
“I would say a very, very strong, influential behind-the-scenes partner, particularly with respect to foreign affairs and establishing relationships with the Russians.”
Former U.S. President Ronald Reagan fell at his Los Angeles home January 12, 2001 and was taken to a hospital, where he will have surgery for a hip fracture, his spokeswoman said.
Nancy Reagan was also known to give her husband advice on his public image and which people to choose for top staff positions.
Bill Clinton’s role could also raise the issue of whether presidential spouses should be paid. Currently they receive no salary. Eksterowicz said the case in favor of pay would be stronger if Bill Clinton was given specific tasks from the president.
He also noted that Hillary and Bill Clinton both have strong, activist personalities. He said there is a very real possibility that Bill Clinton could overshadow his wife in certain actions.
Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton and former President Bill Clinton arrive for a rally at McGonigle Hall at Temple University in Philadelphia, July 29, 2016. (AP)
Professor Litchman agrees. “Whether he (Clinton) can keep himself under control is the bigger and much more interesting question.”
If Trump is elected, wife Melania would not be first foreign-born first lady
If Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump wins, he has said he thinks his wife Melania would be an “unbelievable” first lady.
"Melania is a very beautiful woman both inside and out. She has got a tremendous heart. She feels so strongly about the women's health issues. In fact, she knows how strongly I feel about that, and she's always pushing me on women's health issues.”
Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump gives a thumbs up after his wife Melania spoke during the Republican National Convention, Monday, July 18, 2016, in Cleveland. (AP Photo/Evan Vucci)
Melania Trump is a former model who was born in the east European republic of Slovenia. She would not be the only first lady born outside of the United States. It happened once before in 1825. That was the year the sixth U.S. president, John Quincy Adams, took office.
A U.S. diplomat, John Quincy Adams met his future wife Louisa in London when she was 19 years old, according to the White House website. The two married three years later, but she did not arrive in the United States until 1801.
Melania Trump has not specifically talked about her possible role as first lady. But she said in an interview with CNN’s Anderson Cooper that she often gives her husband her opinions on issues.
Melania Trump, wife of Republican Presidential Candidate Donald Trump speaks during the opening day of the Republican National Convention in Cleveland, July 18, 2016.
“I give him my opinions, many, many times. I’m my own person, I tell him what I think. I’m standing very strong on the ground on my two feet and I’m my own person. And I think that’s very important in the relationship.”
Eksterowicz said it is hard to say how involved Melania would be in a Trump administration because the pair has no history as a political couple.
“When I look at Melania Trump, I see a very, very steep learning curve. There’s virtually no experience in terms of Washington, politics, policy, it’s just not there. So she’s going to have to learn virtually everything.”
I’m Bryan Lynn.
Bryan Lynn reported this story for VOA Learning English with additional reporting from VOA correspondent Catherine Maddux. Mario Ritter was the editor.
We want to hear from you. What duties do you think the U.S. first lady or first gentleman should have? Write to us in the Comments section, and visit our Facebook page.
Words in This Story
role – n. the part someone has in a job, activity or performance
revitalize – v. make something more active or exciting
obesity – n. a condition of having by too much fat in the body
hierarchical – adj. system of organizing people or things based on importance
integration – n. the combination of two or more things
conversant – adj. being familiar with or having knowledge or
elegance – n. being graceful and stylish
ordinary – adj. common, not special or unusual
tremendous –adj. very good, excellent
overshadow – v. make someone or something less important or successful
learning curve – n. how fast or slowly someone can learn a new skill or activity | <urn:uuid:4e5cc0d2-7add-4e8d-a910-23e6d1eb53f0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/bill-clinton-would-make-history-as-first-gentleman-if-hillary-wins-election/3500841.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00232-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973251 | 2,056 | 2.515625 | 3 |
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What Happened to Classical Music Art and Business of Recording Mid term paper Chapters 1 Chicago Symphony Orchestra Pg 3 2 Why Isnt Classical Music popular anymorePg 4 3 What is Modern ClassicalPg 5 4 What is MainstreamPg 6 5 My Proposal Pt IPg 8 6 My Proposal Pt IIPg 9 Chicago Symphony Orchestra Attending the Chicago Symphony Orchestra made me think of many things one of these things was genius For a man to write an entire symphony he has to have quite a high IQ To write a piece that mends so many instruments together in such beautiful harmony and make such beautiful music really is a talent that I would love to have I now see why the greats such as Bach Beethoven Mozart etc are considered full fledged geniuses But while I was there I began to ponder some things such as why is this not a sell out crowd Sure it is a Tuesday night but that never stopped anyone from selling out a performance What has happened to this beautiful art from it seems to have gone from the top of the music food chain to somewhere in in between Many people wonder if Classical music can ever be as huge as it was hundreds of years ago Can we return to that golden age of classical music Are we ready to see music videos set to modern classical pieces on MTV in regular rotation But first we need to finalize something what exactly is the mainstream audience and what is modern classical music There really is no true answer to these questions which finding a true answer to if the world is ready for a renaissance of classical music quite difficult Why Isnt Classical Music popular anymore So first I must ask what is modern classical music exactly Is modern classical just operas symphonic poems and ballets that are played at
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Lawsuit to Halt Yellowstone Bison Cull to ProceedPosted on February 8, 2016
If Park Service Proceeds with Cull, It Will Be Under Public Scrutiny
For immediate release
Casper, Wyoming – Journalist Chris Ketcham and bison advocate Stephany Seay said they will continue to fight the planned Yellowstone National Park bison cull in court after the U.S. District Court in Wyoming today denied their motion for a preliminary injunction to stay the cull until their case is resolved and meaningful access to observe the cull can be granted. Ketcham and Seay are represented by the Animal Legal Defense Fund (ALDF), University of Denver constitutional law professors, and Jamie M. Woolsey of the private Wyoming law firm Fuller, Sandefer & Associates, L.L.C.
Ketcham and Seay filed suit on January 26 to gain access to the controversial trapping operations that lead to the slaughter of hundreds of bison. Their suit argues that the First Amendment guarantees citizens and journalists reasonable, non-disruptive access to the publicly funded national park. The capture and kill operation is scheduled to start February 15.
“Although we are disappointed in this outcome, we recognize that courts frequently refer to preliminary injunction as an ‘extraordinary remedy’ and that we were fighting an uphill battle,” said ALDF attorney Stefanie Wilson. “This does not mean the case is closed, the case will continue to move forward in the court. If the Park Service chooses to proceed with the cull, thanks to increasing public awareness, it will be with a great deal of scrutiny.” | <urn:uuid:3362ab39-efe2-4183-a420-59ee5a9461ac> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://aldf.org/press-room/press-releases/lawsuit-to-halt-yellowstone-bison-cull-to-proceed/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00422-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944441 | 331 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Brooklyn has long been considered a literary hub -- and the children's book scene is no exception.
On Nov. 15, more than 30 borough authors and illustrators will gather at the Brooklyn Museum for the annual Children's Book Fair.
"The festival is a great showcase of Brooklyn's bounty of terrific children's book authors and illustrators," said Artie Bennett, the author of several children's books such as "Belches, Burps, and Farts -- Oh My!" who will be among this year's participants. "It's magnificently well attended and there are always a trio of great readings for youngsters. And getting to meet and chat with the creators of wonderful kids' books is a satisfaction beyond words, even words like 'poopendous'!"
During the fair, now in its eighth year, children of all ages can meet with authors and participate in such activities as a scavenger hunt, coloring and origami. There will also be readings from well-known authors such as Adam Auerbach, Peter Brown, Scott Menchin and Sophie Blackall.
The book fair is the brainchild of Sallie Stutz, vice director of merchandising at the Brooklyn Museum, who wanted to put together something that was "truly Brooklyn."
"The one thing about our book fair that is unique is that there is a level of intimacy," said Stutz, adding that the fair usually attracts about 35 participants, including more young adult authors in recent years.
"We're trying to make it a little broader in appeal for all ages," said Stutz.
One author Stutz recommended looking out for at the fair is Bianca Turetsky, who has a series called "The Time-Traveling Fashionista."
"Since we have an exhibition called 'Killer Heels' in the museum right now, this one is very related to the fact that we've had a few fashion exhibitions in the museum recently," said Stutz.
5 authors to know at the Children’s Book Fair
Need a children’s author primer? Here are five noteworthy Brooklyn authors to know who will be at the Brooklyn Museum’s Children’s Book Fair.
Peter Brown: The award-winning author and illustrator has five New York Times bestsellers. His most recent book is “My Teacher Is a Monster! (No, I Am Not.)”
Sophie Blackall: The illustrator has published more than 20 children’s books, including the popular “Ivy and Bean” series. You may also have seen her work on the subway; her poster depicting different riders has been featured on trains.
Tad Hills: Drawing inspiration from his own kids, Hills tries to capture children’s innocence and enthusiastic vision of the world in his books so they can see themselves in his characters. It seems to work; his “Duck & Goose” series is a sensation.
Laura Ljungkvist: The author and illustrator is a hit in the children’s book world thanks to her attention-grabbing, colorful illustrations. Her most recent book is “Follow the Line to School.”
Selina Alko: The writer and illustrator hopes to help children become more open-minded through such books as “Daddy Christmas and Hanukkah Mama,” which is about a multi-religion household.
If you go: The Children's Book Fair is Nov. 15, noon-4 p.m., at the Brooklyn Museum, FREE with museum admission ($16 adults suggested, free for ages 19 and under); 200 Eastern Pkwy., Prospect Heights, 718-638-5000, Brooklyn museum.org. | <urn:uuid:56654644-1528-476c-8f14-430d34cc0722> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.amny.com/lifestyle/on-the-kids-lit-scene-with-the-children-s-book-fair-1.9600554 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00420-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966088 | 770 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Mare Island Naval Shipyard has a history reaching back to the year of 1775.
A summer visit to Mare Island was a lovely and haunting stroll through a vista held captive by both past and present.
It is one of those unique landscapes that belong to time rather than place.
In 1775, Spanish explorer Perez Ayala was the first European to land on what would become Mare Island - he named it Isla de la Plana. This area was part of Rancho Suscol, deeded to General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo in 1844. It became a waypoint for early settlers.
In 1835, whilst traversing the Carquinez Strait, a crude ferry transporting men and livestock capsized in a squall.
Among the livestock feared lost in the wreckage was the prized white mare of General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, the Mexican Commandante for Northern California.
Several days later, General Vallejo's mare was found on the island, having swum ashore. Grateful for the fortunate turn of events, he renamed the island to Isla de la Yegua, Spanish for Mare Island, in her honor.
The Mare Island Naval Shipyard (MINSY) was the first United States Navy base established on the Pacific Ocean in around 1865. It is located 25 miles northeast of San Francisco in Vallejo, California.
The Napa River goes through the Mare Island Strait and separates the peninsula shipyard (Mare Island, California) from the main portion of the city of Vallejo.
MINSY made a name for itself as the premier US West Coast submarine port as well as serving as the controlling force in San Francisco Bay Area shipbuilding efforts during World War II.
The base closed in 1996 and has gone through several redevelopment phases.
It was registered as a California Historical Landmark in 1960, and parts of it were declared a National Historic Landmark District in 1975.
Mare Island has a stunning variety of trees for one of the original naval commandeers requested that sailors bring back tree seeds from around the world.
Thus here stands a towering palm tree.
And others grace historical houses where Naval Officers and their families dwelled. Several of these buildings are currently residences of private individuals or used as offices.
Several of the houses were emptied and I was able to peer into large windows on graceful porches for a view of old world, oak charm.
I can imagine an old fashioned key going into an engraved lock.
Peering into another window I found a magical moment where the past and present collided.
I am standing on a porch and peering straight back into time.
And in another second encountering the presence in the form of an occupied house.
Many old structures carry their own untold stories and are as subtle as a haunting.
They are found everywhere and from all vistas.
The little person with me was fascinated by the crumbling submarine factory and various cranes.
This is a view of the ghost hospital ship used in wartime.
These structures are located near the entrance to the shipyard at Mare Island.
Finally after a drowsy August day of wandering through history we say goodbye to Mare Island and our last glimpses of the old military homes.
And the wildflowers growing on the edge of the bay.
The nature reserve is on our left.
Goodbye Mare Island and I hope you continue to be a protected environment. New apartment complexes and a school on the other side suggest that you are vulnerable to encroachment.
There needs to be some places where time stands still as a portal to the past. | <urn:uuid:8548c9a4-4890-4e02-9596-8c2b4d5ca70d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://princesshaiku.blogspot.com/2013/08/visions-of-past-and-present-at-mare.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00568-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958719 | 746 | 2.953125 | 3 |
When spring comes, in Narni also arrives the Corsa all’Anello (=the Ring Race) one of the most important medieval reenactments in Italy, three weeks of ancient rites, ceremonies, games and parades of ladies, knights and minstrels. And, for a few years, the festival is repeated for a week in September.
The Corsa all’Anello and Narni which returns to Narnia of 1371.
La sfida (=The Challenge) is the first act of this event which, between the end of April and the beginning of May offers a full program of cultural, spiritual and culinary initiatives, which, in two and half weeks, accompany the most important event : the Corsa all’anello which on the second Sunday of May, the Terzieri di Mezule, Fraporta and Santa Maria challenge each other.
In September there is the La Rivincita (The Rematch) where there are again events and initiatives and the three Terzieri are committed in a new race to win the ring.
From 1372 the history of a long tradition.
De palio currendo in festo Beati Juvenalis de mense Maij.
Since the Middle Ages, no festival in Narni was more important, for magnificence and duration, of the one celebrated in honor of the first bishop of the city: Saint Juvenal.
The race in the Statutes of 1371.
It was the City Statutes in 1371 to codify what were the ancient rites and ludi that were held in Narni in honor of the patron:
- on 1 May the auctioneer made public the festive event;
- on the evening of the May 2, after the sunset, an imponent procession was celebrate: the luminary went under the wave of the banners accompanied by religious choirs and the sound of musical instruments, in the Cathedral where the Castles and the Guilds of the Arts were called to make their own offering of wax;
- on May 3, the day dedicated to San Giovenale, after a solemn religious ceremony in the Cathedral, the festival took on its own playful character, leaving room for the traditional equestrian games: the Palio race and the Ring race. The latter was reserved for Narnese knights who owned a horse; The Dominus Vicarius invited all those who wanted to run the ring to line up at the corner of the church of San Salvato in Piazza dei Priori and then lash out with their rod or bordone to put the target worth 100 Soldi Cortonesi (money cortonesi). The order of departure was established by the statutary norms according to the membership of the Military Brigades of the Terzieri in which the city was divided: Mezule, Fraporta and Santa Maria.
The race from 1969.
Was the Sunday of May 4 , 1969, the day of the first edition of the modern Corsa all’Anello: from that time, the event was enriched by events and initiatives and, from 2017, even by the La Rivincita which takes place in September.
The days of the Race and events not to be missed.
The calendar is really rich and starts , usually, from the penultimate week of April and ends the first Sunday of May when the initiatives take place day by day involving many local associations with the national ones.
Among the appointment to not miss :
- the Reading of the banno (Lettura del banno) and the passage of the auctioneer is the first initiative that, for centuries, opens the days of the race;
- The medieval days of Terzieri
- the Medieval ambiences with theater scenes which allow to relive some of the most characteristic places of the town;
- on the evening of may 2, the suggestive Offerta dei ceri (offering of wax) for the patron of the castles under Narni – tradition which takes place from 1227;
- on May 2 the celebrations for the Feast of San Giovenale and the subsequent historical Corsa all’Anello (ring race) in Piazza dei Priori;
- subsequent then , one for night, the traditional and suggestive Benediction of the Knights of Terzeri and the subsequent processione until the Cathedral;
- the evening of the Saturday before the Palio, the Great Historical Parade that sees parade over 800 participants;
- and the unmissable Corsa all’Anello at the Campo de li Giochi, preceded by the parade and shows.
Corsa all'Anello Association
The Corsa all’Anello is held at two different times of the year:
- The Challenge – on the second Sunday of May and is preceded by two and a half weeks of events;
- The Rematch – in early September and is preceded by a week of events.
The events of the Corsa all’Anello are placed inside the old town of Narni, the equestrian event is placed in the Campo de li Giochi.
Find out the upcoming events in Narni and its territory.
What to do.
Find out what to do and what to see in Narni.
Discover the points of interest of Narni and of its territory: | <urn:uuid:34d14d20-0c27-465c-b834-e6714678ca46> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.turismonarni.it/en/what-to-do/events/corsa-all-anello/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.943306 | 1,134 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Manute Bol, N.B.A. Player and Activist, Dies at 47
By PATRICK McGEEHAN
Published: June 20, 2010
Manute Bol, a towering Dinka tribesman who left southern Sudan to become one of the best shot blockers in the history of American basketball, then returned to his homeland to try to heal the wounds of a long, bloody civil war, died Saturday at the University of Virginia Medical Center in Charlottesville, according to Sally Jones, a spokeswoman for the hospital. He was 47 and lived in Olathe, Kan.
The cause was severe kidney trouble and complications of a rare skin disorder known as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, said Tom Prichard, who runs Sudan Sunrise, a foundation that is building a school near Bol's birthplace in Turalei. Bol had been hospitalized since late May when he fell ill during a layover on a trip home from Sudan, Mr. Prichard said.
Though he wore size 16 1/2 sneakers and had a pair of the spindliest legs ever to protrude from a pair of nylon shorts, Bol, at 7 feet 6 inches, was an athletic marvel. He arrived in the National Basketball Association in 1985 and promptly set a rookie record by blocking an average of five shots per game -- a total of 397 for the season. He is 14th on the N.B.A.'s career list with 2,086.
Fans flocked to see him and roundly urged him to shoot whenever he touched the ball. Despite being able to reach above the 10-foot rims flat-footed, Bol was not a scorer. He averaged fewer than 4 points a game in every season he played.
It was his defensive prowess, swatting shots away from the basket and discouraging opponents from trying to drive the ball past him, that kept Bol in the league for 10 seasons. The Washington Bullets drafted him three years after he immigrated to the United States in 1982, and he eventually played for three other teams: the Golden State Warriors, the Philadelphia 76ers and the Miami Heat.
For most of his career, Bol held the distinction of being the tallest player ever to compete in the N.B.A. But in 1993, the Bullets drafted Gheorghe Muresan, a Romanian who at 7-7 was a few centimeters taller than Bol. The Bullets brought Bol back to Washington to help teach Muresan how to play the professional game, but it took Muresan four seasons to compile as many blocks as Bol had as a rookie.
Bol eventually came to terms with the fascination Americans had with his height. When he was a young man in Sudan, he told The New York Times in a 1985 interview, his size was not so remarkable.
''My mother was 6 feet 10, my father 6 feet 8 and my sister is 6 feet 8,'' he said. ''And my great-grandfather was even taller -- 7 feet 10.''
As a boy, Bol had tended his family's cattle. According to a tale he was often asked to repeat in interviews, he once killed a lion with a spear while he was working as a cowherd.
In a 2001 interview with The Times in Khartoum, Bol said he dreamed of going back to Turalei and his roots. ''I would have a big, big farm,'' he said. ''Then we have no worries about money. If you have the cows, you have the money.''
Bol returned to Sudan regularly during his playing days, and once he retired, he became more politically active there. He went there late last year to check on the school construction. Then he stayed to campaign for a candidate in the region's presidential election, which was held in late April, said Mr. Prichard, who traveled there with Bol in November. During his extended visit, Bol became ill and was briefly hospitalized in Nairobi, Kenya, Mr. Prichard said.
''He really felt that his country needed him,'' Mr. Prichard said. ''He really died for his country. He wanted to do everything he could to see southern Sudan make it through this election in the best possible way.''
Bol is survived by 10 children, including four with his second wife, Ajok, of Olathe, Kan., his nephew Mayom Majok said.
PHOTO: Manute Bol, shown playing for the University of Bridgeport. Bol, a 7-foot-6 center from Sudan, played with four teams during his 10 seasons in the N.B.A. and was known for his shot blocking. (PHOTOGRAPH BY BILL POLO/BOSTON HERALD, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS) | <urn:uuid:9c1b109b-ba9f-4576-9632-8016e8bd5e77> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940CE5DF1031F933A15755C0A9669D8B63 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718426.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00137-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.988581 | 971 | 1.5 | 2 |
Global Information Network and Intellectual Property Information Services
Cooperation between Member States, facilitated by the Permanent Committee for Industrial Property Information (PCIPI), had led to coordinated standards and policies for dissemination of industrial property information and the conversion to electronic carriers for information exchange and storage. The growing need for automation and modernization of industrial property offices, as well as the impact of the rapid development of information technologies offered fresh opportunities to enhance the international cooperation among intellectual property offices in the Member States through various projects utilizing the WIPO Global Information Network, which was established in March 1998.
Internal information systems within the WIPO Secretariat are now used in virtually all the activities of the Secretariat, both supporting internal operations and for communicating and exchanging information with intellectual property offices.
The PCIPI would be integrated into the Standing Committee on Information Technologies (SCIT) in June. The Inter-Office Information Services Department (IOISD) serves as Secretariat for the PICPI and, from June, the SCIT Plenary and its Working Groups.
Provide an opportunity for communication and cooperation by intellectual property offices and other relevant organizations, as well as the general public. It will strengthen the collective efforts by Member States to create high-quality, high-value information collections available on the network by the intellectual property community through the intellectual property digital libraries (IPDLs). It will also provide the general public with access to published intellectual property data.
Promote the availability and the exchange of intellectual property information for enhancing the worldwide use and dissemination of such information. Support the provision of intellectual property information on the network with standards relating to the exchange and dissemination of intellectual property data, as well as the retrieval tools for such information.
Establishment and Operation of a Global Information Network
Main Activities and Results
Began discussions and preparations on the basic design of the Global Information Network and ideas would be submitted for discussions at the first session of the SCIT Plenary that would be held in June. According to the proposed timetable, the successful bidder for the tender which would be issued, will commence implementation of the design in November 1998. | <urn:uuid:448cf320-a8e7-4023-a3d4-59c4d199441c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.hitpages.com/doc/4512549533908992/44/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00073-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9168 | 427 | 1.96875 | 2 |
INDUSTRY: A HISTORY
The insurance industry in Iowa grew directly from the needs of a region crossed by the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. As more people moved into Iowa frontier communities and businesses grew, so did the need for insurance coverage, especially in niche areas that existing companies wouldn’t cover.
Take a look at some of the ways Des Moines—and Iowa—became a center for the insurance industry:
Mutuals started by church congregations, immigrant groups and farmers’ organizations thrived in Iowa because their firms were small, locally owned and had relatively low fees. By 1920, 162 mutuals operated in Iowa, with many created to insure specific industries or hazards, such as grain mills (which were high risk for fire).
Events like the Civil War and Spanish Flu led to the rise of life insurance companies in Iowa, which hadn’t existed previously.
With the rise of accidental deaths due to the automobile, Iowa insurance companies developed safety standards that they also used as advertisements. For instance, the IMT Insurance Company taught children about traffic safety.
After Iowa passed workers’ compensation laws in 1913, employers had to buy liability insurance, leading to a new area of growth for companies.
Residents of the coal-mining town Muchakinock created one of the state’s earliest forms of health insurance in 1888 to provide burial expenses and prepaid medical care.
In the 1920s, Grinnell College began offering hospital care to students and faculty for a fixed monthly fee—one of the nation’s earliest forms of health insurance for hospital care.
Following the Great Depression, when many people had to go without medical care, companies like Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Iowa and South Dakota were formed to offer affordable health care and save hospitals from bankruptcy. | <urn:uuid:c97f8d6c-fbb8-4f78-b07c-a329a6346a19> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.globalinsurancesymposium.com/website/32976/timeline/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.974637 | 375 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Transport Statistics, Q2 2018
The Kosovo Agency of Statistics (KAS) has published "Transport and Telecommunication Statistics for Q2 2018" with data on Air, Rail, Road Transport and Telecommunication.
In the territory of Kosovo there are a total of 333 km of railway tracks for transport. A total of 9 locomotives circulating in Kosovo's railways, of which seven are diesel engines and two motor trains. The locomotives carry ten wagons per passenger and 1 420 wagons for freight.
In the second quarter of 2018, the number of passengers using the train as a means of travel was 37 thousand, compared with the same quarter last year (Q2 2017) the number of passengers decreased by 34.90%.
Freight transport by train in the second quarter of 2018 was 96 thousand tons, compared with the same period of the previous year (Q2 2017) there is a decrease by 27.27%.
In terms of number of flights in the second quarter of 2018 there were 1 957 flights or 10.75% more than in the same quarter last year (Q2 2017).
The number of passengers who used the airplane as a means of transport during this quarter was about 524 thousand, compared to the same quarter last year (Q2 2017) this number marks an increase by 12.67%.
Based on request of Eurostat, starting from this quarter (Q2 2018), this publication has undergone some changes in the part of telecommunications, by including data from other operators, in order to cover all telecommunications services provided in our country. | <urn:uuid:c4570bc7-6c7c-4e14-b3ab-98bb84bd4af7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ask.rks-gov.net/en/kosovo-agency-of-statistics/add-news/transport-statistics-q2-2018 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.954875 | 321 | 1.921875 | 2 |
The dry foam method is an effective low moisture, rapid drying carpet cleaning method that has been used in carpet cleaning for decades. The dry foam method is similar to the rotary shampoo method in that brushes are used to agitate the carpet pile. In the dry foam method, an aerator is used to whip the solution in a foam. The foam is dispensed into the horizontally rotating brushes. As with all carpet cleaning methods, the more chemical that is applied, the longer the drying time. Some machines have their own extraction capability. These machines have the capability to remove shampoo and attached soil particles. Other machines do not have extraction capability. A wet/dry vacuum must be used to remove the shampoo and soil.
The solution used for this method should contain a quality surfactant, an alkaline builder to soften water, and a dry solvent to assist in emulsification of oils. A defoamer is normally used to eliminate foaming in the vacuum recovery tank.
The following steps should be followed for use of the dry foam carpet cleaning method:
While some dry foam-in-a-can products are sold at large discount stores, their use should be discouraged. Their carpet cleaning results are marginal, but resoil potential can be heavy.
Dry foam extraction carpet cleaning is the second driest carpet cleaning method and scientific studies show it is very effective in removing dust mite allergen, mold allergen, and carpet cleaning results are excellent.
About the Author
Michael Hilton was the original creator of Carpet Buyers Handbook. Having owned and operated a carpet wholesale company, Hilton has a vast knowledge about all-things carpet related as well as other types of flooring. | <urn:uuid:c3318033-35f2-4a84-8672-a9e33106fc92> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.carpetbuyershandbook.com/carpet-cleaning/carpet-cleaning-methods/dry-foam.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00153-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945906 | 345 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Buying used cars of different models including luxury brand ones has become common among a lot of population. Since its popularity raised, people buying the same are more concerned about choosing a perfect one for their price that they are going to pay for the car. Choosing one of the best cars out of all the other used cars available in the showroom would be the wish of every one of the buyers. As the expectations and demands in a particular car varies from each other, they get to buy different cars having different specifications and features. Visit car check before you are going to make any decision on buying a used car for yourself.
Similar to buying a new car, the responsibilities as a buyer while buying the used cars are also are high which every used car buyer has to make note of. They are as follows,
- You should be checking the age of the car at first. It is because the price of the specific car will be greatly based on how old the car is. Higher the age, lesser the cost and vice versa. It is because of the depreciation that would have happened all those years and the parts of the car will be used a lot efficiently and further will last only few months or years based on its quality. One should also consider the accident history, repair history and maintenance history of the specific car to determine the perfect cost for it. The car agency will have all these information about the car and you can get it from them. If you couldn’t believe it, then you can visit car check where all these information will be registered and you can receive it just by entering the VIN number. | <urn:uuid:76f9b340-57ab-4d27-9105-d940dbff50b6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://azmwphgl.com/2020/what-checking-should-you-perform-while-buying-a-used-car.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.976887 | 326 | 1.5 | 2 |
The 2022 Arizona legislative session is almost over, but there are still a few key bills policy watchers say have a good chance of making it into law. One is HB 2853, which would expand school choice by opening Empowerment Scholarship Accounts (ESAs) to all K-12 students in the state.
Cory DeAngelis, a national education policy expert who serves as national director of research for the school choice organization, American Federation for Children, tweeted, “This would be the most expansive education savings account program in the nation. All families would be able to take their children’s education dollars to the education providers of their choosing.”
In an interview with The Star News Network, nationally known school choice advocate Corey DeAngelis said teachers’ unions would be incentivized to push for more student-focused policies in public schools if school funding followed the child and more states adopted school choice programs.
DeAngelis, the national director of research at the American Federation for Children, is also an adjunct scholar at the Cato Institute, and a senior fellow at the Reason Foundation.
Just three weeks after Gov. Doug Ducey announced that school districts issuing mask mandates or requiring vaccinated students to quarantine would be penalized by diverting money to students to use as school vouchers to attend elsewhere, demand has exceeded the $20 million he allotted by twice the amount. Ducey announced on August 17 that money the state received from the federal government through the pandemic-generated American Rescue Plan to boost per-pupil spending would not go to any of those schools.
Ducey made the announcement immediately following a demand on August 11 from Republican state legislators to take action regarding those school districts. They suggested that Ducey could withhold federal funds and offer vouchers, which he did, but he did not go so far as following their recommendation of suing the school districts.
The Arizona Legislature wrapped up this year on Wednesday with a nearly record-long session, reaching 171 days. Lawmakers came to an agreement on most of the budget last Friday that contained historic tax cuts. Governor Doug Ducey signed that bill, HB 2900, also on Wednesday.
During the last few hours, the legislature approved the education budget bill, HB 2898, which included an expansion of the school voucher program. It reduces the length of time children must attend a public school before they are eligible for vouchers to use at a private school. Low-income children who live near poorly-rated schools will be eligible immediately, and others will only have to spend 45 days in the school, down from 100 days. | <urn:uuid:34e65866-a1f7-4657-9b49-2b7cf6f93cdc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://arizonasuntimes.com/tag/school-vouchers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.971058 | 542 | 1.53125 | 2 |
DONATE TO THE
OKLAHOMA NEWSPAPER FOUNDATION
and own a piece of Oklahoma newspaper history.
Donate $500 or more for a matted, framed print of the
“All I know is what I read in the papers”
portrait of Will Rogers by artist Charles Banks Wilson.
($100 to $499 donations will receive an unframed print.)
Will’s commentary and wit in his syndicated newspaper columns made him a leading journalist of the early 20th century. Display “All I Know is What I Read in the Papers” in your office or home while proudly recognizing your contribution to journalism education and the Oklahoma Newspaper Foundation.
ABOUT THE PAINTING:
Charles Banks Wilson’s portrait of Will Rogers has had a spectacular history. In the early 1950s the Gerlach-Barklow Co. commissioned the painting and used it as a calendar illustration. NBC then purchased the rights to reproduce the picture and sent out color mats of the portrait. The picture was featured on the covers of the Sunday magazine sections of 72 large metro newspapers across the nation. It has appeared in several exhibitions, including at the New York’s World Fair in 1962 and at the Will Rogers Memorial in 1989.
The portrait was purchased in July 1962 by the Oklahoma Press Association to showcase in the lobby of its new building. Will’s famous quote “All I know is what I read in the papers,” has long been the offi cial emblem of the association. The original portrait is there for you to see whenever you visit OPA headquarters.
The portrait is completely accurate, in the clothing Will wears, his spectacles, his typewriter – even the news columns portrayed depict authentic news stories of Will’s day.
The 16"x20" image is printed on 20"x24" archival-matte paper. When matted & framed it is a beautiful 24"x28" piece. | <urn:uuid:a3088e9d-c20b-4692-bd6e-ac8c38ea517a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.okpress.com/will-rogers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00178-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961335 | 412 | 1.710938 | 2 |
تئوری و آزمایش های طراحی سیستم های هوشمند تعاونی
|کد مقاله||سال انتشار||مقاله انگلیسی||ترجمه فارسی||تعداد کلمات|
|5529||2007||17 صفحه PDF||سفارش دهید||محاسبه نشده|
Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)
Journal : Decision Support Systems, Volume 43, Issue 3, April 2007, Pages 1014–1030
In this paper, we identify the business problems that lend themselves to the design of cooperative intelligent systems and empirically demonstrate the design and application of a multi-agent intelligent system for production scheduling. Our experiments suggest that a multi-agent system where agents coordinate their actions generally performs better than a multi-agent system where agents do not coordinate their actions.
Cooperative intelligent systems is one of the dynamic research areas in information systems and . Several researchers have shown that cooperative intelligent systems can be used for low maintenance cost decision support applications that allow decision-makers to take complex decisions . However, not all business problems are suitable for the design of cooperative intelligent systems and the design of cooperative intelligent systems requires consideration of several factors. Cooperative intelligent systems are also called distributed artificial intelligence (DAI) systems . DAI consists of two sub-fields distributed problem-solving (DPS) and multi-agent systems (MAS) . A DPS system consists of a set of independent geographically dispersed computer systems (problem-solvers) that share “solutions” to solve a problem that none of the independent computer systems can solve independently. Both data and knowledge, in a DPS system, are geographically dispersed. Unlike the distributed database systems and the inter-organizational systems (IOS), a DPS system shares solutions and not data. In a DPS system, problem-solvers that will work together on a given problem and the solutions that will be shared by problem-solvers are usually known. A multi-agent system (MAS) is a set of geographically dispersed computer systems that “dynamically” work together, through communication, to solve problems that none of the independent computer systems can solve independently. Unlike a DPS system, computer systems that will work together to solve a given problem are not known in a MAS and are decided dynamically. Further, communication among computer systems in a MAS can be data, hypotheses and knowledge. Multi-agent systems are of considerable complexity with respect to their functionality and structure . For most application tasks, even in simple environments, it is difficult to determine the behavioral repertoire of an agent in a multi-agent system . For example, determining behavioral repertoire of an agent in a multi-agent system requires a decision-maker to have a priori knowledge of future environmental requirements, knowledge of the availability of each agent at each environmental state in the future and knowledge about how agents will interact in response to the future environmental requirements . The lack of availability of a priori knowledge necessitates the design of an adaptive system that can react to uncertain dynamic situations. A MAS offers features such as parallelism, robustness and scalability, which cannot be handled by centralized systems . In particular, a MAS is used in domains that require integration of knowledge from multiple sources, resolution of different interests and goal conflicts . Learning coordination in a MAS requires that agents adapt, adjust and learn to work with others agents to solve problems. The key issues of learning effective coordination in a MAS are the information exchange scheme and the coordination strategies between loosely coupled agents to achieve effective overall system performance. Given the complexity of designing a MAS, the current research aims to address the following issues. (1) What types of business situations are suitable for deploying a multi-agent system? And, (2) what are different design considerations related to a multi-agent system design? We answer both of these questions through literature review and an empirical demonstration of a multi-agent intelligent system for a production scheduling environment. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: in Section 2, we review available literature in cooperative intelligent systems (DPS and MAS) area. In Section 3, we describe a production scheduling problem, a framework for genetic algorithm (GA)-based learning and different types of coordination groups, and propose a general multi-agent coordination strategy. In Section 4, we detail the results of our simulation experiments and statistical analyses. In Section 5, we conclude the research by describing significance of our research and highlighting possible future extensions.
نتیجه گیری انگلیسی
The focus of our research was to identify which types of business situations lend themselves to the design of cooperative intelligent systems and empirically demonstrate the design and application of multi-agent system's application for manufacturing. Using literature review, we developed a set of criteria that may be used to identify business situations that are suitable for the design cooperative intelligent systems. We then embarked on the design of a multi-agent system for manufacturing flow shop scheduling. We proposed a coordination scheme for a multi-agent system and tested it against an existing framework of multi-agent learning without coordination. The coordination scheme operated through a coordinating agent. The coordinating agent coordinated its actions with the other dependent agents by exchanging taxes. A tax was a percent of the total payoff that a dependent agent gave to the coordinating agent for coordinating its activities with the dependent agent. The total payoff was the combined performance of the agents for a given activity. The performance was determined by the managerial objective of the multi-agent framework. Three basic coordination groups were proposed and used in our study. The three different types of coordination groups were inward fork, outward fork and straight-line. The three different coordination groups corresponded to three different types of dependencies between the agents. In an inward fork coordination group, many to one relationship was modeled. There were two agents that coordinated their actions with one coordinating agent. In an outward fork coordination group, one to many relationship was modeled. There was one coordinating agent that coordinated its actions with two dependent agents. The straight-line coordination modeled one to one relationship with one coordinating agent that coordinated its actions with one dependent agent. A generalized framework of coordination was applied to a manufacturing shop floor environment. The agents in the manufacturing shop floor were the dispatchers that dispatched jobs over a machine. The agents contained a knowledge base of dispatching rules and a genetic algorithm that learns new dispatching rules over time. Genetic learning worked through the survival of the fittest principle. The fitness of the rules, upon their evaluation, was determined by the performance objectives. The performance objectives that were considered here were minimizing flow time of jobs and minimizing tardiness of jobs. Separate experiments were conducted for each of the individual payoff functions. Two different sets of experiments were conducted. The first set of experiments involved testing the coordination strategy for three different types of coordination groups under ideal conditions with no breakdowns in machines. The second set of experiments involved testing coordination for a realistic larger configuration with machine breakdowns. The results of the experiments indicated the overall utility of coordination. At 0.01 level of statistical significance, differences were found between the performance of no-coordination-based learning and coordination-based learning in all cases except for outward fork coordination group with minimize flow time objective and no machine breakdowns. The inconsistency in results with regard to outward fork for flow time objective may be explained by the basic difference between the structural representation of outward fork coordination group and the inward fork and straight line coordination groups. The results of our study are generalizable for the conditions set in our experiments. However, much can be done to improve the generalizability and results of our study. For example, in the current research, a “prescriptive”, rather than a “descriptive”, approach to multi-agent coordination was used. The agents coordinated to maximize their own individual utilities. Some DAI researchers were critical of using the individualistic approach to designing systems. Gasser said “society comes first” and opposed the individualistic and psychological approach to DAI systems. AI researchers have long considered that AI was concerned with individual mind (individual intention, action, etc.) and DAI was concerned with social actions (collective mind, intention, etc.) and mental states which are shared, joint, and sometimes collective . From the critical standpoint, the current research ignored social relations and long-term commitments. Issues such as coordination and dependence that were independent of agent awareness and choice were not considered in the current research. These issues need consideration in the future if the “social” view of the agent was to be adopted. Given that the collective group performance relied upon the objective structure of interdependence among individual agents, our research approach (individual intention, action, etc. of agents) offered several advantages over adopting the “social” view of the agent. Some of the advantages were: 1. Agents do not imply mutual belief of the overall plan. 2. Mutual dependence between dependent agent and cooperative agent (as both share the common goal) ruled out the situations of competition and . The common goal assumption helped resolve the conflict (tax structure) between the agents as the social norm appears to be “higher taxes should result in higher future overall payoff” and “no to very limited cheating between the agents (breakdowns)”. This norm may cease to exist when agents do not share common goals and/or have their own local goals. Local goals may induce competition and conflict between the agents in the current framework and conflict resolution using the current coordination scheme might be limited. Future work needs to be done in investigation coordination where agents in multi-agent framework do not share common goal. Most of the experiments in the current research assumed that the belief about mutual dependence holds true. Under the assumption of mutual dependence, each agent believed that it depends on other agents to achieve its goal. The mutual dependence fostered cooperation between the agents. In most cases, under the assumption of mutual dependence, coordination worked rather well and no misunderstandings occurred. In the case where some of the agents failed to perform (machine breakdowns), the mutual dependence assumption was violated. A dependent agent was cheated (as a result of coordinating agent breakdown). The question of cheating raises a number of questions such as, can a coordination group be efficient if some of the agents spend all their resources without being adequately rewarded or without being able to achieve their own goals? How can a self-interested agent decide to do something for the group, which may cost it more than it gains? How does an agent cope with cheating (machine breakdowns)? Are social norms that prevent cheating required? (this may need to change an individualistic agent to approach to a “social agent” approach proposed by critics). It appears that the mutual dependence assumption was the single most important success factor of the proposed coordination scheme. The mutual dependence assumption with limited or no cheating encouraged the agents to coordinate and resolve conflicts (in terms of adjustment of taxes) and speed up the convergence. Serious violations to the mutual dependence assumptions might be a potential pitfall for the current coordination scheme and need future investigation. Some of the avenues for the extension of the current coordination scheme are: (1) redesign the coordination scheme that penalizes an coordinating agent for cheating (breakdowns) and (2) develop a set of norms regulating the coordination between the agents in a way that is beneficial for the whole group and not for any agent in particular. | <urn:uuid:5c5756d4-c3f3-4f3c-a109-ab0a8b9bf5e5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://isiarticles.com/article/5529 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00157-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936899 | 2,454 | 2.21875 | 2 |
An inspiring story of a modern American icon, here is the first comprehensive account of the life and times of Michelle Obama. With disciplined reporting and a storyteller's eye for revealing detail, Peter Slevin follows Michelle to the White House from her working-class childhood on Chicago's largely segregated South Side. He illuminates her tribulations at Princeton University and Harvard Law School during the racially charged 1980s and the dilemmas she faced in Chicago while building a high-powered career, raising a family, and helping a young community organizer named Barack Obama become president of the United States.
From the lessons she learned in Chicago to the messages she shares as one of the most recognizable women in the world, the story of this first lady is the story of America. Michelle Obama: A Life is a fresh and compelling view of a woman of unique achievement and purpose.
©2015 Peter Slevin (P)2015 Audible, Inc.
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"Inspiring life story"
Having not known much about Michelle Obama, I never expected to be so inspired about her life story. I think Barack Obama is one lucky man! I think she should run for president in the future.
"Disappointingly written but she's still an impressive woman"
I was excited to listen to a biography ofone of my heroes. Michelle Obama is an impressive person who coped well with some incredible pressures as First Lady. Disappointingly, I found this book to be, often, a stringing- together of info and quotes rather than a coherent story. The narration was a little melodramatic and there were errors in pronunciation that should have been picked up.
"Inspirational! Outstanding Leadership! Provacative"
This was an awesome and very inspirational book. Many times it's the woman behind the man the exemplifies strength and support. Mrs. O is a force to be reckoned with in her own right. In this writing you will here about her accomplishments and challenges to get to where she is in life and the constant nagging question in her heart, "Am I doing enough? Is there more than I can do? How can make this an opportunity to continue the legacy of servitude for myself and others?" Unprecedented leadership. This book is profound and puts a call to action in every fiber of my being. A must read.
I have appreciated First Lady Obama for as lonf as I have know of her. It was predominantly an emotional connection until now. Being only one year my junior, our stories are as much alike as they are different. While many may selfishly disregard the challenges of her place in leadership, I am full of gratitude. Thank you for telling the story from this perspective because every perspective has validity ti those who value them.
"Detailed and absorbing"
This book is part of my First Ladies reading project. I chose this book by Peter Slevin as it appeared to be a more true biography than some of the books about Michele Obama I looked at.
The first part of the book covers Michelle Obama’s early life including her family roots in slavery and segregation. Slevin cover the problems of growing up black in Chicago’s south side. The book goes into the working class upbringing and how each generation has brought the family another step up from poverty.
Slevin reveals details about Michele’s family upbringing and how her mother Mrs. Robinson created a warm and stable home environment for her high-achieving children.
Slevin goes into her time at Princeton and Harvard Law School and the underling racial tensions. Slevin went into depth about her Thesis from Princeton reciting portions of it. The author discusses her problem of not being accepted by the blacks as she is too educated and not accepted by the white’s because she is black. Slevin also covers her work history and her time at Chicago law firm Sidney Austin, the Chicago Mayor’s office, a not for profit agency and the University of Chicago and the University’s hospital. The remainder of the book covers the campaign and some as First Lady. Apparently Mrs. Obama said she is going to write her own memoirs as First Lady.
Slevin is a former Washington Post correspondent and now teaches journalism at Northwestern University. The book is well researched with complete access to the family. Slevin also interviewed family friends, colleagues and former classmates. The book is easy to read and provides a lot of information. Robin Miles narrated the book.
"interesting - nice tribute"
This is an interesting take on MO and a nice tribute to the many who helped shape her. a little too much on her husband late in the book.
"Great insight to an inspiring woman"
Really enjoyed discovering the strength of this great yet humane woman. Inspiring and thought provoking.
It does not matter what people believe about the first lady, SHE IS AMAZING. She is what a woman should stand for. She has goals, expectations and works her plan. What insight on the first lady.
I can still full fill my dreams! I can make right choices and decisions in order to have a better, and different life than what I thought.
"LOVED THIS BOOK!"
I have always been a fan of the First Lady. I have always been impressed with how she can be so down to earth in the fishbowl she lives in. Now I know she was raised to be a strong proud black women and the that she wants that for every child regardless of race or economic background.
"An absolutely wonderful book"
An absolutely wonderful insight into the life of this modern icon of a woman. I can not wait to listen to her next book after her time in the White house.
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If you find this review inappropriate and think it should be removed from our site, let us know. This report will be reviewed by Audible and we will take appropriate action. | <urn:uuid:3e8a1bea-3c08-46c1-9036-e1691eba8bef> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.audible.com.au/pd/Biographies-Memoirs/Michelle-Obama-Audiobook/B0141FTKDW | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00055-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96944 | 1,227 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Nowhere near Europe- Borders were not threatened
Woodrow Wilson - 'He kept us out of the war'
Increase in peace movements in America
Famous song- 'I did not raise my son to be a solider'
Most people however did favour Britain over Germany
America had very little interest in Foreign Policy
It only got involved in a limited amount of war, thses were against -Britain 1812 -Mexico 1848 -Spainish American War 1898
These however were all followed by feelings of regret which they did not want to repeat
They were not involved in the creation of the Triple Alliance/ Triple Entente
They created a Policy of Isolationism- this had been since the birth of the republic. It was borne out of the suspicion of dynastic squabbling and amoral power politics
Many Immigrants had come from Germany, thus they were not willing to fight against their own country
America traded with both sides in the war- they capitalised on the disruption caused to the economic production in these countries
Wage levels rose by 25% during the first years of the war | <urn:uuid:4dd9dfb9-7c6d-4ba9-923d-585dc92e3704> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://getrevising.co.uk/revision-cards/why-did-the-usa-not-join-the-war-in-1914-1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719215.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00199-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982615 | 225 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Help For Yourself
Dealing with change in any aspect of life can be overwhelming. When you struggle with addiction, asking for help, and recognizing you need to change your life can present even more obstacles. Despite the difficulty, asking for help demonstrates you have courage. You may be feeling low, not knowing what recovery has in store for you. However, it is possible to recover and live a happy, sober life. All you have to do is ask for help.
How to Know You Need Help
Admitting you have a problem with addiction can be challenging. You may not even know what to look out for. It may be helpful to ask yourself these questions:
- Has my life become unmanageable? We recognize unmanageability in the first step of the 12 Steps, which is a significant part of our model at Spero Recovery Center. Has drinking or drug use led you to not be able to manage daily responsibilities? Even if you manage work, home, and a social life reasonably well, perhaps your emotional state has become unmanageable.
- Do I have the desire to quit but can’t seem to? The disease of addiction has a grip on us. We can’t seem to put the alcohol or drugs down despite our best efforts. When we become obsessive and compulsive over substance use, we can’t stop no matter how hard we try.
- Do I crave substances when I’m not using them? One significant sign of addiction is cravings. When you aren’t using substances, you may crave them.
- Is it impossible to live without drugs? Addiction is an insidious disease. It changes the way we think, feel, and interact with the world. It can get in the way of our relationships, jobs, financial responsibilities, and more. Some days it may even feel like you can’t get out of bed without taking a drink or using a drug.
If you are still questioning whether you need help, it is always best to talk to a medical provider.
Finding What Works Best For You
Finding a facility that fits your needs is essential in seeking care for addiction. Since you can choose from many options, it may feel overwhelming at times. You may want to look at the different programs a facility has, the levels of care they provide, and the options they offer for aftercare.
Spero Recovery Center is a peer-run, peer-led residential gender-specific program. We emphasize the 12 Steps and the importance of living a fulfilling life in recovery. We want our guests to learn how to understand the principles of recovery and apply them to life after the program to ensure the best opportunity for long-term sobriety. Spero Recovery Center offers a residential program for men and women. Guests stay at our site for a minimum of 30 days, with the option of staying up to 90 days. When they complete residential programming, our guests also have the opportunity to enter our sober living homes.
At Spero Recovery Center, we know how long it can take to get to the point of seeking help for addiction. We want our guests to maintain long-term recovery, which is why we emphasize creating an aftercare plan. An aftercare plan is designed based on your specific needs, to help you navigate life in early recovery outside of our program. Having a plan can help you maintain motivation and momentum as you move forward in recovery.
The Spero Recovery Center Difference
At Spero Recovery Center, we emphasize the importance of community. We believe that recovery is best learned from others who have gone through a similar experience; this is why our program is run and led by peers. We want our guests to learn to be honest with their peers. When you feel like you are getting something done as a team, instead of just being told what to do, you feel a sense of ownership. We want you to feel as if you are hanging out with friends and talking amongst your peers, helping you to feel comfortable and develop interpersonal skills. At Spero Recovery, we want you to become the person you have always wanted to be.
At Spero Recovery Center, you will also be immersed in a recovery community where you work through the 12 Steps of Alcoholics Anonymous. You will be introduced to a new way of life by individuals who have walked a similar path. We share our experiences and strengths with each other. We will encourage you to find a sponsor, who you will be able to meet up with as you walk through the steps. We filter everything in our program through the lens of recovery. We believe in setting up our guests to live the principles of the 12 Steps outside of our program. This way, when individuals have completed our program, they have a better chance at long-term sobriety.
Accessibility to Care
Spero Recovery Center is a non-profit organization. Our mission is to provide accessible, high-quality care to all. We created this program to give hope to an underserved community that may be uninsured or unable to pay for treatment. We believe that access to quality care is a human right and have created an option for individuals with limited financial means.
Start With Spero Recovery Center Today
Finding help for yourself can be a daunting task; however, it is possible. Help is out there, and it may begin for you at Spero Recovery Center. To learn more about our program and what we have to offer you, call us at (303) 351-7888. You are not alone. | <urn:uuid:8c37f38e-7af5-4d7c-9389-aa8bb5d510af> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sperorecovery.org/contact-spero-recovery-center/addiction-help-for-yourself/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.958948 | 1,134 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Join us on Saturday 25th June 2022 as we explore the craft of writing a playscript!
Have you ever wanted to write a play to be performed on stage? We’ve organised a playscript writing workshop to help you get started!
Led by award-winning writer and actor Asif Khan, in the workshop you will look at the actor/writer relationship. You will delve into some specific techniques used by actors, including Stanislavski, to help you create scenes, dialogue, subtext and character. You will then apply some of these techniques in the session to write your own individual scenes. To finish, there will be an opportunity for a Q&A with Asif.
Kensington Central Library
Saturday 25th June 2022
12pm to 2pm
For writers aged 11 to 16 only
Bring a notebook and pen and join in the fun!
About Asif Khan:
Asif Khan is an award winning writer and actor, born and raised in Bradford. He trained at The Royal Academy Of Dramatic Art (RADA). His debut play Combustion toured the UK in 2017 and was nominated for OffWestEnd’s Best New Play award and Best Writer in the Stage Debut Awards. It also won Best Production at The Eastern Eye Arts, Culture and Theatre Awards (2018) and at The Asian Media Awards (2017). In 2018, Asif Won the Channel 4 Playwright’s Scheme Award with Rifco and Watford Palace Theatre, where he was commissioned to develop a new play. In 2019, his play Imaam Imraan was produced by the National Youth Theatre, playing at the Bradford Literary Festival.
He is a Tamasha Theatre Alumnus with whom he has developed two plays for teenagers. He was part of the BBC Comedy Room in 2017 and was named on the BBC New Talent Hotlist in 2017. In 2015, Asif set up AIK Productions, with the aim to produce new, high quality theatre, specialising in stories and voices from minority backgrounds. With Turtle Key Arts, Asif (AIK) co-produced and performed in Love, Bombs And Apples, which played at the Arcola Theatre, Edinburgh Festival, Potrero Stage (San Francisco), The Kennedy Center (Washington DC) as well as a UK Tour. It Won Outstanding Production at Theatre Bay Area Awards 2018. Following this Asif wrote and co-produced Combustion with Tara Arts and his latest play Jabala And The Jinn toured the UK in 2022.
His theatre work as an actor also includes: Hamlet & The Cherry Orchard (Theatre Royal Windsor) Tartuffe (RSC), A Kind Of People (Royal Court), Twelfth Night (National), Multitudes, Handbagged, When The Crows Visit (Kiln), Mixed Up North (Out Of Joint), Snookered (Tamasha/Bush). | <urn:uuid:a00321a1-8464-4eda-a74e-b6e93827abeb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ymwa.org.uk/25-06-22-playscript-writing-workshop-with-asif-khan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.956132 | 593 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Great Plains toads are thriving in an artificial riparian area in central Tucson near the Kino Sports Complex, but invasive bullfrogs have been threatening the Arizona-native species.
“We have seen several hundred adult Great Plains toads here this year, which is a great population and probably the biggest in Tucson now," said Phil Rosen, a University of Arizona herpetologist.
Pima County contracted Rosen and his team of university biologists to remove bullfrogs that are harming native toads, frogs and other wildlife.
Adam Barkalow, a wildlife biologist, is part of the team working to eradicate bullfrogs at the county's Kino Environmental Restoration Project, a 160 acre storm water harvesting facility and artificial wetland.
“It’s not really the bullfrogs' fault," he said. "It’s just that they are non-native and don’t belong (in the state). Adult bullfrogs can eat all kinds of native animals including snakes, birds, bats, mice, insects, and other amphibians...they can have a big impact on an ecosystem.”
Barkalow and the other biologists hunt the bullfrogs at night. He said, to capture one, he blinds it with a light, and either scoops the creature up by hand or with a net. Then, the captured bullfrogs are put into containers to be euthanized back at the lab.
Pima officials said bullfrogs were first discovered in KERP five years ago. Since then, the invasive species has moved downstream, and is threatening native wildlife in the Santa Cruz River.
The county is not sure how the bullfrogs got in the restoration area, but Rosen said he thinks people probably released them to establish a viable food source.
“Believe it or not, we actually met somebody in here hunting bullfrogs one night," Rosen said. "They were going to eat them."
Rosen and his team began removing bullfrogs from the area in late May of this year. So far, they've removed more than 1,400 of them.
Barkalow said their goal is to make KERP an oasis for native wildlife in Tucson.
"This much space and this much water in the middle of Tucson is fairly unique," he said. "The end goal is to have a diverse ecosystem here (at KERP), rather than one just dominated by bullfrogs.”
Rosen said he is excited to see native spadefoot toads, which are actually frogs, also making a comeback in the area. He described this frog as a quintessential desert amphibian that only needs a small pool of water to breed.
“We thought that the bullfrogs had completely eradicated (the spadefoot population)," he said. "So it’s kind of nice to see that at least a few are still around, and that they will likely repopulate this place.”
Rosen said the ponds in the artificial restoration area are home to at least four native toad and frog species. And, he said he hopes other native wildlife will eventually call this place, home.
Pima County may call Rosen and his team back next year if more bullfrogs are found in KERP. | <urn:uuid:6536de35-b4af-4ad7-81d1-db6aef74ddd8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.azpm.org/p/top-news/2013/9/4/26533-pima-county-ua-work-to-eradicate-invasive-bullfrogs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00337-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974828 | 686 | 2.796875 | 3 |
In two decades of climate-change negotiations, a deep divide has remained between wealthy nations and developing ones, each side insisting the other move first to lower carbon emissions and curb the effects of global warming.
But this year there was an uncommon optimism in the days preceding the U.N. climate-change summit in Copenhagen that the rift could someday be bridged. President Barack Obama's delegation announced it would bring reliable carbon-emission targets to the negotiating table an about-face from past U.S. climate envoys, who have always played the spoiler role at the annual summit opening the door for major developing nations, such as China and India, to bring their own pledges to Copenhagen as well.
But if the deadlock between developed and developing nations appeared to have been loosening, it could not have helped when Todd Stern, the top U.S. climate negotiator, categorically dismissed the idea that wealthy countries like the U.S. should owe the developing world a debt for the years of unfettered carbon emissions that are now contributing to climate change. "I actually completely reject the notion of a debt or reparations or anything of the like," Stern said in Copenhagen on Wednesday.
Still, Stern agreed that the U.S. and other developed nations would cut emissions and give aid to developing countries that need it. The details are yet to be determined: right now, delegates at the Copenhagen summit are busy passing around draft texts and proposals, preparing for the arrival next week of environment ministers and heads of state, who will wrap up the talks. The negotiators' focus is on actions reducing emissions, ramping up clean energy, furnishing aid for adaptation that are politically and economically viable.
But the question of exactly what the rich nations of the world owe the poor ones is still up in the air. According to many environmental activists and representatives of the most vulnerable nations in the world, climate change should be viewed first and foremost as an ethical challenge rather than an economic or political one. Industrialized nations have flourished in part because they were able to burn fossil fuel indiscriminately for decades, and the impact of those emissions is only now being recognized as climate change. As poor countries see it, rich nations got rich at their expense: as the planet continues to warm, it will heighten water scarcity, intensify flooding and droughts and worsen some infectious diseases all of which will first hit developing countries that have not yet had the chance to burn fossil fuels in large quantities. "We are living on the front lines of climate change," said Dessima Williams, head of the Alliance of Small Island States, a coalition of 43 island nations.
Poor nations around the world have struggled with natural disasters and disease for years, of course, and developed countries have always felt an obligation to help; hence, global programs like the U.N. Millennium Development Goals, which aim to reduce poverty, disease and mortality, and empower developing countries. But from an ethical perspective, climate change is different because it has a clear cause: man, or more specifically, Western man. The ability to track carbon emissions means that we can calculate how much responsibility each country and practically each person bears for a warmer world. And because carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere for centuries, we can even calculate the historical responsibility that nations bear for global warming.
Although there is a long list of other past actions by rich nations colonialism, racism, slavery, war that have retarded the development of poorer countries, the exact nature of those effects is difficult to quantify. With climate change, a hard number can be assigned to historic responsibility, and worse, the consequences tend to multiply. "The impact of emitting greenhouse gases will go on for a millennium or more," said Dale Jamieson, an environmental ethicist at New York University, in a speech last year. "It's as if I stood on your foot for a while. It hurts, but when I take my foot off you, the pain gets worse and goes on longer. That's the kind of problems we deal with in climate change, and that's why we need to act sooner rather than later."
If so, it would seem that the U.S. bears more blame than any other nation, having emitted about one-quarter of all the CO2 that has ever resulted from the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. And yet, even with Obama in charge, the U.S. has made it clear so far at Copenhagen that carbon reparations for lack of a better term are off the table. On Wednesday, Stern rejected the idea that the U.S. should be held retroactively responsible for a problem it could not have predicted: "For most of the 200 years since the Industrial Revolution, people were blissfully ignorant of the fact that emissions caused a greenhouse effect. It's a relatively recent phenomenon."
The thing is, that's not quite true. Even if developed nations got a pass for the decades of emissions that occurred before the world became aware of climate change, they had to have been aware of man-made warming since at least 1990, when the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change put out its first assessment. The science has become only clearer since then. Yet developed nations, and especially the U.S., have done virtually nothing to halt the growth of carbon emissions.
Further, the Obama Administration has made it abundantly clear that it doesn't feel compelled to make up for lost time. The White House pledge to reduce emissions about 17% below 2005 levels by 2020, which was solidified by a new deal announced by a bipartisan group of Senators on Dec. 10 in Washington, is far below what science shows is needed to avert dangerous warming and far less ambitious than the targets from the European Union. "Ethics says that those who cause the problem must take responsibility for compensating for the damages," says Donald Brown, director of the Collaborative Program on Ethical Dimensions of Climate Change at Penn State University. "It's unfair and unethical to deny that responsibility."
Of course, if a climate deal is successfully negotiated, money will begin to flow to developing nations Obama has talked about spending $10 billion a year until 2012 on adaptation aid and rich countries will begin to seriously cut their emissions. But the ethical questions get more complicated from there. What constitutes a poor nation, for instance? China and India have hundreds of millions of very poor people who emit little carbon, but they also have millions of the rising wealthy who own cars and travel like citizens of the developed world. How should these nations be classified? "Climate change is caused by rich people wherever they live and suffered by poor people wherever they live," said Jamieson. "The atmosphere doesn't care if it's my BMW emitting carbon or a BMW in China or Rwanda."
To get around that quandary, researchers at Princeton University have suggested setting emissions targets based on each country's number of "high emitters." It could be an elegant solution, but ultimately, U.N. negotiations are carried out by nation-states, not citizens. It's fortunate, then, that the protection of threatened peoples in the Tuvalus and Maldives of the world is not only ethically sound but also in the national interest of the U.S. and other rich countries. "The world must come together to confront climate change," Obama said in his Nobel acceptance speech in Oslo on Dec. 10. "There is little scientific dispute that if we do nothing, we will face more drought, more famine, more mass displacement all of which will fuel more conflict for decades." Ultimately, rich or poor, global warming is a problem we truly face together. | <urn:uuid:e2595781-6227-4dc8-bf57-c158d4297e8e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/printout/0,29239,1929071_1929070_1947076,00.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718866.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00004-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965086 | 1,543 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Charlie Warzel is a journalist who writes “Galaxy Brain,” a newsletter about technology, media and politics.
“I don’t know what I’m going to do,” a grocery bagger told a woman hauling ice blocks onto the conveyor. “I don’t have air conditioning — maybe I’ll just show up here by the freezers.”
Then, as forecast, the heat hit. A record-setting wave stifled the Pacific Northwest this week, sending temperatures in Seattle to 108 degrees on Monday. Portland, Ore., hit an all-time high of 112 degrees on Sunday, only to be topped by Monday’s 115. Where I am in Whatcom County, Wash., minutes from the Canadian border, roads have literally buckled under the heat. The average June high in these parts is 69 degrees.
The physical danger is real in a region where air conditioning is rare, and the stagnating heat is impossible to ignore, but all this record-breaking has fed another sensation just as oppressive: a lingering existential dread about the future.
All week, a sinking feeling has accompanied each day’s heat; there’s a distinct psychological pain that accompanies the thought that the unbearable present is only a preview of the extreme climate to come. It was 116 degrees in British Columbia on Sunday. And it was 73 degrees on snow-covered Mt. Rainier, above 10,000 feet. In one city in Pakistan, a different system pushed temperatures to levels “hotter than the human body can handle.”
It’s not hard to imagine what comes next. And that’s what makes it so horrifying.
The phenomenon of climate anxiety has sharpened for many over the past few years. In a poll from October, 55 percent of respondents said they were “somewhat or extremely anxious about the impact of climate change on their own mental health.” People who had been insulated from the disastrous effects of warming — thanks to geography, or privilege, or both — are newly confronting this uncomfortable reality in their daily lives.
I include myself in this group. When I moved to Montana in 2017, I felt the toll of wildfire season — the acrid, choking campfire smell, the stultifying beige filter that drains color from the land and steals your breath. Since then, my lifelong anticipation of summer has been shot through with unease. I feel powerless and irritable and anxious. And as bad as 2017 was, last September’s fires and smoke were orders of magnitude worse.
We can, however, find effective ways to cope. Britt Wray, a postdoctoral fellow at Stanford University and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, writes about climate anxiety and grief in her newsletter, “Gen Dread.” She explains that the field of mental health is now scrambling to develop tools for people struggling to coexist with this existential threat. One strategy, Wray says, is finding ways of embracing and accepting that distress, rather than pushing it away.
It feels unfair to come out from pandemic lockdowns and confront yet another crisis that requires reserves of resilience. But Wray argues that squaring up to your anxiety and dread around climate change “gives you resources to draw from and ultimately makes intense moments like this heat wave easier to bear.”
“If we can acknowledge our feelings and bear the fact that we’re faced with extremely difficult truths about the planet, we can use that to gather strength,” she said. “This is not easy. You need to know you’re not alone but also know that you’re not going to find a silver-bullet solution.”
One of the most important things we ought to be doing, according to Wray, is talking about the climate crisis honestly in our everyday lives, with our friends, family and colleagues. “We can’t just do it when it’s 114 degrees in our neighborhood. We need to weave it into our social fabric,” she said. It won’t be comfortable, but it will reflect the urgency of the moment we’re all living through. And this small piece of common ground is critical if we hope to address this emergency.
It’s still hot where I am. Fire season is now underway. I feel anxious as I set up the new air purifier in my home. But there is a small comfort knowing I’m not alone, just as there is a glimmer of opportunity in our collective alarm. Talking about our shared dread won’t bring down the temperature or vanish the smoke, but leaning into the grimness is grounding — because a dystopia feels only more dystopian when everyone’s trying to pretend things are fine. | <urn:uuid:529646da-36e2-4dae-8f79-542f4c600c22> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/06/29/heat-wave-pacific-northwest-climate-anxiety-coping/?utm_campaign=Carbon%20Brief%20Daily%20Briefing&utm_content=20210630&utm_medium=email&utm_source=Revue%20Daily | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.952618 | 1,004 | 2.3125 | 2 |
* Any views expressed in this article are those of the author and not of Thomson Reuters Foundation.Trimmed negotiating text reopened - with some 65 additions proposed
Anger among developing countries that key proposals had been slashed from the latest draft version of a new global deal to tackle climate change drove the first fractious day of talks Monday in the last round of negotiations before the key Paris talks that begin next month.
At the opening of talks in Bonn, South Africa's delegate Nozipho Joyce Mxakato-Diseko – speaking on behalf of a group of 134 developing nations – called the text "extremely unbalanced and lopsided" to the extent it "jeopardised the interests and positions" of poorer states.
But dissatisfaction with the recently issued proposed draft package for Paris, distilled to 20 pages by the talks' co-chairs from a much longer text, was not confined to the G77 and China group of developing nations.
Laurence Tubiana, France's envoy to the U.N. negotiations, said her country also found the text lacking ambition "on all elements", from emissions cuts to the process for reviewing them and measures to adapt to more extreme weather and rising seas.
The least-developed countries want reinserted a G77 proposal on addressing losses and damage from the effects of climate change that can no longer be avoided, such as stronger storms and desertification.
Other developing countries want firmer commitments on adaptation to climate change and how to pay for it after 2020, when the new deal is expected to take effect.
"If we construct the Paris climate deal on the terms of the United States and other rich nations, many of the people in the developing world won't survive the impacts of climate change," warned Harjeet Singh, climate policy manager for international charity ActionAid.
In response to the complaint, the American and Algerian co-chairs agreed to let countries put forward proposals to insert "must-have items" into the draft text on Monday.
They were asked to exercise "restraint". But by the end of the day, some 65 shelved proposals had been wheeled back out, according to the latest tally on the U.N. climate secretariat’s website.
How the resulting expanded text will be compiled and used as a basis for negotiations was still being mulled over Monday evening. The co-chairs suggested spin-off groups that would get down to work on different sections of the text on Tuesday.
They offered to put together a revised version of the text, including the proposals made on Monday, by midnight. But the G77 was still discussing whether it should be a simple compilation or a further edited version, and was planning to communicate its decision later in the evening.
One thing is clear - time is not on the side of the negotiators.
They have only until the end of this week to produce a new text that lays out clear political choices for ministers to grapple with before and during the Paris conference, which begins on Nov. 30.
Tubiana said countries had a "clear sense of responsibility on time management", and urged negotiators in Bonn to correct the weaknesses in the proposed text to produce a more ambitious and balanced version.
Peru's environment minister, Manuel Pulgar-Vidal, who chaired last December's U.N. climate talks in Lima, said countries had two choices: throw away what was in front of them, risking a repeat of the failed 2009 Copenhagen climate summit, or work constructively for a "fair, ambitious and pragmatic" outcome in Paris.
Tubiana said the second option was the one that would be under discussion in Bonn.
Liz Gallagher, a climate diplomacy expert with London-based consultancy E3G, dismissed accusations reported by some media that the crafting of a slimline text by the co-chairs was a U.S. effort to sideline developing countries in the negotiations.
"It's not just a north-south thing," she said. "Pretty much everybody dislikes and likes bits of the text." | <urn:uuid:37fb34de-8267-45f0-a11a-39af44f28985> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://news.trust.org//item/20151019204322-3e97q/?source=dpagetopic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718309.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00405-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96042 | 828 | 2.125 | 2 |
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What Are the Different Types of World Travel Guide?
FAQ: Travel Questions and Answers
When you're planning a trip, there are many important things to keep in mind. For example, you'll want to check with your program to see what accommodations they have available. You'll also want to research the local culture to find out if there are any customs that you might not know. You should also learn the basics of the language to get by. Luckily, there are several apps that can help you translate a foreign language.
If you're a beginner traveler, don't be afraid to take a risk. Taking the leap into the unknown can be scary, but it's worth it in the end. You're not the first person to travel, and it's meant to be exciting and memorable! Here are a few tips to prepare you for your first trip abroad. If you've never been abroad, you should consider taking a language course to increase your chances of speaking the local language.
Remember, you aren't the first to travel, so don't be scared! It's normal to be nervous when starting out, but don't let that stop you. It's best to start small, and gradually work up to more advanced level trips. After all, you'll be glad you did. With these tips, you can have a great trip. Enjoy yourself!
If you travel a lot, it's a good idea to make friends. Having someone to talk to will give you a sense of belonging and make the experience more fun. You can also meet people who live in different countries and learn their traditions and culture. Most people love to travel with a group of friends. When you travel, you should step out of your comfort zone and try new things to make your trip more fun.
Keeping track of your health is important when you travel, and it's essential that you pack essentials that you can use while traveling. During the trip, you should stock up on anti-motion sickness medication, bug repellents, and probiotics. It's also a good idea to see a doctor for any necessary vaccinations. If you're traveling by car, remember to fill your prescriptions and keep them on hand. Always wear your seatbelts, and make sure to carry your helmet.
Another way to keep your family and friends informed is by making sure you keep an updated itinerary. This is important because it's easy to forget about something when you're traveling. In addition, you should contact your home contact to check on you at the end of each day. While it can be a hassle, it can help rescue workers find you faster if you're in an accident or need emergency medical care.
The first tip to packing for travel is to make a list of everything you'll bring. You can't remember to pack an item, and then find that you need it again later. Another good tip is to roll your clothes to save space. This way, you won't have to worry about refolding or rehanging clothing. Additionally, you'll be able to easily identify all the items in your bag.
The last tip is to limit the amount of clothing you pack. If you're flying, the number of clothes you bring will be drastically reduced. You may be able to carry fewer items, but you'll also save money on your luggage. You'll want to limit your shoes to three pairs, and don't forget to stuff them with socks. For your electronics, you should keep them in a separate bag or travel-size.
The next tip is to consider the fabrics you'll wear. If you're flying, avoid polyester, as it holds smells the worst. Choose natural materials like cotton or wool. You'll save space, but you'll also end up with more odor-proof clothing. A good way to make sure you don't miss any essentials is to consider your destination's guest laundry facilities. Most resorts will have guest laundry facilities, but it's a good idea to bring travel-size laundry detergent and dryer sheets. Once you've figured out what you're packing, you can decide how to organize it.
What makes a trip unique? Some travelers are more interested in the destination than in the experience itself. Others travel for the experience. Those who love the unknown are more likely to be able to trust local experts to guide them to the uncharted parts of the world. For example, Taranaki, an area often overlooked by tourists, offers a truly end-of-the-world vibe. Maniotototo, a former fishing village in New Zealand, offers a look back in time.
For the more adventurous, there are many opportunities to learn about a place. Some people prefer to read about a new place in order to gain a deeper understanding of the place. Some may also like to explore the local literature. Regardless of the genre, reading a book can help travelers learn more about a new place. A good read can teach travelers about a particular culture and help them form a connection to it.
There are numerous ways to discover a new city. For instance, literature is a great way to learn about the local history and culture. It's a great way to learn more about a country. By reading a book, you can also experience the culture and language of a new place. This is an excellent way to connect with the people and surroundings that you're visiting. If you're interested in learning more about a place, try a guidebook or a fiction book. | <urn:uuid:caf83eba-21b7-40ad-963e-94d1943acfa0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://traveldescribe.com/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.964584 | 1,181 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Are you interested in Forex trading? Then, you should know these below facts to understand more about your Forex trading. Foreign Currency trading is one of the greatest platforms where investors earn a huge profit. Forex position of a country is an important parameter that one should keep in mind to understand the exchange rates. In this regard, Foreign Exchange Reserves and NFA (Net Foreign Assets) of a country play a vital role.
Foreign Exchange Reserves:
It is the asset that is usually held by the central bank of a country. It is mostly reserved as deposits either by the government or any financial institutions of the country. These reserves allow the central bank to purchase domestic currencies. Also, the quantity of these reserves is analyzed in the context of capital mobility that makes monetary policy as dynamic. If a country fixes its exchange rate, then it is impossible to execute an independent monetary policy.
Net Foreign Assets (NFA):
This defines the difference between the value of an overseas asset that is owned by any nation to the value of domestic asset belonging to foreigners. NFA can also be defined as the cumulative change in current account over time.
Traders who do trade in Forex market should have some knowledge about these phenomena. This is because it eases the process of Forex trading and one can correlate these factors where to initiate the position to trade.
What is a position in Forex Trading?
A position in Forex trading sets beginning of trading. Investors have to initiate their trade either when price of an asset falls or when price of an asset rises. In this way, it sets long position and short position of trading.
In other words, it can be defined as the point where one sets to buy or sell an asset. Investors hold this point to make a profit in the upcoming market trend (movements). In fact, a dealer often takes a long position in specific securities. This is because it helps in maintaining the inventories that allow easing their trading procedures.
What is a long position in Forex?
A long position in Forex is defined as the buying of security or currency with the expectation to earn a considerable amount of profit. Investors should take the minimum risk to increase their possibility of earning over a currency pair.
In this way, Forex position of a country sets the choosing of currency pairs on which investors will initiate their trade. With the long position investment, it can be predicted that trader is thinking of raising the value of an asset after a period.
For example, if a trader initiate a long position (buy) at $10, then he/ she has to wait till the amount reach $12 or $15 to make a profit. At the time if you see the price starts falling, then you should initiate the next position (i.e., short position or buy). This suggests that long position Forex trading will specify the expectation of a trader to gain in buying. | <urn:uuid:e5f77083-8cde-47f0-b70b-8d810dcef56f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.liteforex.com/tutorial/trade-order/forex-position-of-a-country/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00008-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926945 | 594 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Crash Tests Show India’s Cars are Unsafe
DELHI, India, 31 January 2014, PRNewswire/- The first-ever independent crash tests of some of India’s popular and important small cars have shown a high-risk of life threatening injuries in road crashes. All the cars selected by Global NCAP for testing in a frontal impact at 64km/h received zero-star adult protection ratings.
The models tested included India’s best-selling car, the Suzuki-Maruti Alto 800. The Tata Nano, Ford Figo, Hyundai i10 and Volkswagen Polo also underwent the safety assessment. Combined sales of these five cars account for around 20% of all the new cars sold in India last year. Global NCAP chose the entry-level version of each model and as a result none were fitted with air bags as standard. The results highlight major differences in the structural integrity of the vehicles tested.
Max Mosley, Chairman of Global NCAP, said: “India is now a major global market and production centre for small cars, so it’s worrying to see levels of safety that are 20 years behind the five-star standards now common in Europe and North America. Poor structural integrity and the absence of airbags are putting the lives of Indian consumers at risk. They have a right to know how safe their vehicles are and to expect the same basic levels of safety as standard as customers in other part of the world.”
In the Suzuki-Maruti Alto 800, the Tata Nano and the Hyundai i10, the vehicle structures proved inadequate and collapsed to varying degrees, resulting in high risks of life-threatening injuries to the occupants. The extent of the structural weaknesses in these models were such that fitting airbags would not be effective in reducing the risk of serious injury. The Ford Figo and Volkswagen Polo had structures that remained stable – and, therefore, with airbags fitted, protection for the driver and front passenger would be much improved.
Coinciding with the Global NCAP tests, Volkswagen has decided to withdraw the non-airbag version of the Polo from sale in India. Because of this, Global NCAP agreed to a request from VW to assess a version of the Polo that has two airbags fitted as standard as from now. Other manufacturers had the same opportunity. The protection proved much better and this airbag-equipped model received a four-star rating for adult occupant protection. Consumers are encouraged to check which version of the Polo they buy.
Models also fail to pass UN’s basic safety test
Global NCAP also assessed the same models against the UN’s basic crash test. This 40% offset frontal impact test at 56km/h is now widely applied by major manufacturing countries and regions, including Australia, China, European Union, Japan and Malaysia. The Global Plan for the UN’s Decade of Action for Road Safety recommends that all Member States apply this standard, although it is not yet applied in India. All but one of the cars tested failed to pass even this minimum standard.
- Ford Figo passed despite not having a driver airbag when the dummy’s head narrowly avoided hitting the steering wheel directly.
- Volkswagen Polo with two airbags was awarded a pass based on dummy readings from the 64km/h crash
Taken together the results highlight the vital combination of both sound structural integrity and air bags as standard equipment. These features are the sure way to exceed the minimum UN crash test standard at 56km/h. They also offer adequate levels of protection in a higher speed crash at 64km/h, the speed most commonly used by independent consumer crash test programmes.
Rohit Baluja, President of India’s Institute of Road Traffic Education (IRTE) said: “These results show that India would benefit enormously from the introduction of minimum crash safety standards and clearer information for consumers about the protection new cars offer. Many cars made in India for export meet these standards already, so it’s not a question of know-how or capability: India’s automobile industry just needs the right incentives. With the UN’s minimum safety standards and clear information for consumers, India can produce cars that are every bit as good as those in Europe and the US.”
Global NCAP has awarded a separate child safety rating to each car in order to highlight the different levels of protection vehicles provide to passengers on the rear seats. Because the only safe way for young children to travel is properly restrained in a child seat, the assessment checks how compatible the car is with the child seats recommended by the manufacturer, as well as the protection provided in the crash.
In the assessments, the child seats recommended by manufacturers were often found to be incompatible with their vehicle’s belt system. In the Tata Nano, there was no three-point seatbelt on the rear seats and no way to install a child seat or transport a small child safely.
“Vehicle manufacturers understand how important it is for young children to travel buckled up in a child seat that’s installed securely on the rear seat,” said David Ward, Secretary-General of Global NCAP. “They know what they need to do to make it as easy as possible for parents: it’s just a question of priorities. Indian families buying these cars expect their children to be given the same protection as children in other parts of the world.”
Comments on individual vehicles’ adult protection
Suzuki-Maruti Alto 800
In the 64km/h NCAP test, the Suzuki-Maruti Alto 800 achieved a zero-star rating for its adult occupant protection. The vehicle structure was rated as unstable, increasing the risk of life-threatening injuries and making the car unsuitable for the fitment of airbags.
Using the child seats recommended by Suzuki-Maruti, the Alto 800 achieved a two-star rating for child protection.
The Alto 800 was not able to meet the UN’s minimum safety requirements in the 56km/h crash test.
In the 64km/h NCAP test, the Tata Nano achieved zero stars rating for its adult occupant protection. The vehicle structure was rated as unstable, increasing the risk of life-threatening injuries and making the car unsuitable for the fitment of airbags.
The car achieved a zero-star rating for its child protection as it was not possible to install child seats in the car.
The Nano was not able to meet the UN’s minimum safety requirements in the 56km/h crash test.
In the 64km/h NCAP test, the Hyundai i10 achieved a zero-star rating for its adult occupant protection. The vehicle structure was rated as unstable, increasing the risk of life-threatening injuries.
Using the child seats recommended by Hyundai, the i10 achieved a one-star rating for child protection. The three year-old dummy indicated a high risk of serious injury.
The i10 was not able to meet the UN’s minimum safety requirements in the 56km/h crash test.
In the 64km/h NCAP test, the Ford Figo achieved a zero-star rating for its adult occupant protection. The vehicle structure was rated as stable, but without safety equipment such as airbags, too much of the crash energy was absorbed directly by the occupants.
Using the child seats recommended by Ford, the car achieved a two-star rating for its child protection.
The Figo was able to meet the UN’s minimum safety requirements in the 56km/h crash test as the driver’s head narrowly avoided direct contact with the steering wheel.
In the 64km/h NCAP test, the Volkswagen Polo without airbags achieved a zero-star rating for its adult occupant protection. The vehicle structure was stable, but without safety equipment such as airbags, dummy readings indicated a high risk of life-threatening injuries.
With two airbags (driver and front passenger), the Volkswagen Polo achieved a four-star rating for adult occupant protection in the 64km/h NCAP test. Thanks to the airbags, the protection offered to the driver and passenger head and neck was good.
Using the child seats recommended by Volkswagen, the Polo achieved a three-star rating for child protection.
Without airbags, the Polo was not able to meet the UN’s minimum safety requirements in the 56km/h crash test.
Global NCAP advises consumers to check carefully which version of the Polo they buy.
About Global NCAP
Global NCAP is an independent charity registered in the United Kingdom. It serves as a global platform for NCAPs around the world to exchange best practice in consumer orientated vehicle safety initiatives. Global NCAP also provides financial and technical assistance to new programmes in the rapidly motorizing countries and regions of Asia and Latin America. Global NCAP receives financial support from the FIA Foundation, from International Consumer Testing and Research, from the Road Safety Fund and the World Bank Global Road Safety Facility. Global NCAP supports the UN Decade of Action for Road Safety and is a member of the United Nations Road Safety Collaboration. There are currently nine NCAP programmes or similar active across the world. www.globalncap.org
Suzuki-Maruti Alto received a zero-star safety rating for adult occupant protection – Download (2MB) http://bit.ly/1b0LGKR
Tata Nano received a zero-star safety rating for adult occupant protection – Download image (2MB) http://bit.ly/1b0LGKR
Hyundai i10 received a zero-star safety rating for adult occupant protection – Download image (2MB) http://bit.ly/1iD94WH
Volkswagen Polo sold in India without airbags received a zero-star safety rating for adult occupant protection Download image (2MB) http://bit.ly/LeXzXd
Ford Figo received a zero-star safety rating for adult occupant protection – Download image (2MB) http://bit.ly/1jAZpA6
Broadcast-quality footage of the crash tests and their set-up as well as interviews with Global NCAP personnel are available on request from firstname.lastname@example.org or by calling +44-20-7747-1684.
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Generic Name: Cytarabine (sigh-TARE-a-been), Ara-C, Arabinosylcytosine
Trade Name: Cytosar-U®
For which conditions is this drug approved? Cytarabine is FDA approved in combination with other anticancer drugs for the treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and the blast phase of chronic myelocytic leukemia. It is also indicated for intrathecal administration in the prevention and treatment of meningeal leukemia. It is important for patients to remember that physicians have the ability to prescribe medication for conditions other than those for which the drug has been approved by the FDA. Patients who have received a prescription of this drug for a condition other than which it is approved may wish to discuss this issue with their physician.
What is the mechanism of action? Cytarabine belongs to a group of drugs called antimetabolites. Cytarabine produces its anti-cancer effects by inhibiting the ability of a cell to produce DNA or repair DNA. By inhibiting the production and repair of DNA, cytarabine suppresses the ability of a cell to replicate or repair itself, ultimately causing cellular death.
How is cytarabine typically given (administered)? Cytarabine may be administered intravenously (into a vein), subcutaneously (injection under the skin), intramuscularly (injection into a muscle), or intrathecally (into the spinal fluid). Cytarabine also comes in a long-acting form (DepoCyt™) that may be placed under the skin in a reservoir, with a catheter leading to the brain. The route, dose and scheduling in which cytarabine is administered is dependent upon many factors, including the condition being treated, the particular treatment regimen being utilized, the patient’s height and weight, overall health, and the patient’s tolerance of therapy.
How are patients typically monitored? Patients will usually have scheduled meetings with their healthcare provider while they are being treated with cytarabine. Typically, blood may be drawn to check levels of blood cells and to monitor functions of some organ systems, such as the kidneys or liver. Physical examinations, scans, or other measures may also be utilized to assess side effects and response to therapy.
In addition, some patients are susceptible to developing a condition called tumor lysis syndrome, in which electrolyte and metabolic disturbances occur. Tumor lysis syndrome can be prevented if managed aggressively at the beginning of treatment. Blood tests will measures levels of electrolyte and metabolic products, and patients should contact their healthcare provider if they experience symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, shortness of breath, an irregular heartbeat, clouding of urine, lethargy and/or joint discomfort.
What are the common (occur in 30% or more of patients) side effects of treatment with cytarabine?
• Low levels of white blood cells – increases risk of infection
• Low levels of red blood cells – increases risk of anemia and blood transfusions
• Low levels of platelets – increases risk of bleeding
• Nausea and vomiting
• Abnormalities in liver function levels, as determined by blood tests
• Mouth sores
• Increase in levels of uric acid – can lead to a condition called tumor lysis syndrome if not treated
What are the less common (occur in 10% to 29% of patients) side effects of treatment with cytarabine?
• Loss of appetite
• Skin reactions, rash
• Hand-foot syndrome (skin peeling, pain, redness of the palms of the hands or soles of the feet)
• Central neurotoxicity characterized by confusion, loss of balance, headache, dizziness, excessive drowsiness
• Eye reactions characterized by vision changes, tearing, pain, or sensitivity to light, eye irritation
• Hair loss
• Bone pain
• Abdominal pain
This is not a complete list of side effects. Some patients may experience other side effects that are not listed here. Patients may wish to discuss with their physician the other less common side effects of this drug, some of which may be serious.
Some side effects may require medical attention. Other side effects do not require medical attention and may go away during treatment. Patients should check with their physician about any side effects that continue or are bothersome.
What can patients do to help alleviate or prevent discomfort and side effects?
• Pay careful attention to the physician’s instructions and inform the physician of any side effects.
• Maintain adequate rest and nutrition.
• Keep hands and feet moisturized to help prevent hand-foot syndrome - patients should speak with their physician regarding the best products to use for this side effect.
• Minimize friction, excessive heat and cold to the palms of the hands and soles of the feet to help reduce the incidence and severity of hand-foot syndrome.
• If possible, avoid large crowds or people who are sick or not feeling well, as this drug may leave some patients susceptible to infection.
• Wash hands often to reduce the risk of infection.
• Avoid activities that may cause injury or bruising.
• Use a soft toothbrush and an electric razor to prevent cuts on the mouth or skin.
• Eat small meals frequently to help alleviate nausea.
• For mouth sores, patients should rinse their mouth three times a day with a salt and soda solution (8 ounces of water mixed with ½ to 1 tsp baking soda and/or ½ to 1 tsp salt) and brush their teeth with a soft toothbrush to help prevent the development of mouth sores.
• Wear sunscreen and protective clothing and try to minimize sun exposure.
• Drink plenty of fluids. (Patients should ask their physician about the amount of liquid to consume during a day.)
• If patients have been prescribed an anti-nausea medication, they should be sure to take the prescribed doses.
Are there any special precautions patients should be aware of before starting treatment?
• Patients should inform their physician if they are pregnant, breastfeeding or planning a family in the near future. This drug may cause birth defects. It is important to use some kind of birth control while undergoing treatment. Also, patients may want to talk to their physician if they are considering having children in the future, since some drugs may cause fertility problems.
• It is important that patients inform their physician of any pre-existing conditions (chicken pox, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, lung disease, etc.) as they may worsen with this drug.
• Patients should inform their physician of any other medication they are taking (whether prescription or over-the-counter, including vitamins, herbs, etc.) as they may interfere with treatment.
• Patients should check with their physician before starting any new drug or nutritional supplement.
• Patients should inform their physician of any known drug or food allergies or any reactions to medications they have experienced in the past.
When should patients notify their physician?
• Sore throat
• Flu or cold-like symptoms
• Signs of infection (redness, swelling, tenderness, drainage, painful or frequent urination)
• Excessive and persistent fatigue
• Unexplained bleeding (nosebleeds, bruising, blood in urine, black tarry stools, etc.)
• Symptoms that may be indicative of tumor lysis syndrome – nausea, joint pain, lethargy, irregular heartbeat, shortness of breath and/or cloudy urine
• Mouth sores
• Yellowing of skin or eyes
• Shortness of breath, difficulty breathing
• Inability to urinate
• Abdominal pain
• Loss of balance and coordination, dizziness, extreme lethargy, confusion, headache, mood swings
• Severe or persistant diarrhea
• Severe or persistant nausea or vomiting
• Mouth sores (painful redness, swelling or ulcers)
• Excessive sleepiness or confusion
• Changes in vision or burning/or tearing of eyes, sensitivity to light, dry,irritated eyes
• Swelling, redness and pain in one leg or arm and not the other
• Slurred speech
• Numbness, tingling or pain in fingers, toes
• Bone, muscle or chest pain
• Change in heart rhythm
• Swelling of feet or lower legs
• Skin rash or itching
What is a package insert?
A package insert is required by the FDA and contains a summary of the essential scientific information needed for the safe and effective use of the drug for healthcare providers and consumers. A package insert typically includes information regarding specific indications, administration schedules, dosing, side effects, contraindications, results from some clinical trials, chemical structure, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of the specific drug. By carefully reviewing the package insert, you will get the most complete and current information about how to safely use this drug. If you do not have the package insert for the drug you are using, your pharmacist or physician may be able to provide you with a copy.
Copyright © 2010 CancerConnect Last updated 07/10.
Important Limitations of Use
The information provided above on the drug you have selected is provided for your information only and is not a substitute for consultation with an appropriate medical doctor. We are providing this information solely as a courtesy and, as such, it is in no way a recommendation as to the safety, efficacy or appropriateness of any particular drug, regimen, dosing schedule for any particular cancer, condition or patient nor is it in any way to be considered medical advice. Patients should discuss the appropriateness of a particular drug or chemotherapy regimen with their physician.
As with any printed reference, the use of particular drugs, regimens and drug dosages may become out-of-date over time, since new information may have been published and become generally accepted after the latest update to this printed information. Please keep in mind that health care professionals are fully responsible for practicing within current standards, avoiding use of outdated regimens, employing good clinical judgment in selecting drugs and/or regimens, in calculating doses for individual patients, and verifying all dosage calculations.
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The prescribing physician is solely responsible for making all decisions relating to appropriate patient care including, but not limited to, drugs, regimens, dose, schedule, and any supportive care. | <urn:uuid:e2c0188b-fdad-43c3-bc87-9992e56bfd23> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://thegiconnection.com/ara-c/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.914972 | 2,298 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Pick your time period
Dive into the time period that suits best your search: we promise you will enjoy your time travel.
17th century and earlier
Light and shadow
The multiple expressive nuances of the 17th century are expressed in the decorative monumentality typical of the Baroque era. Free, open, and variously articulated forms distinguish the artistic productions of this century, wonderful works of art that shed new light on the dialogue between artist and spectator opened in the Renaissance and before. Discover these treasures on intOndo.
A feast for the eye
The Age of Enlightenment brings to the 18th century extensive experimentation in all artistic and manufacturing fields: precious materials are combined with inlaid woods, sumptuous fabrics, and lacquered porcelain. The main scope is "to amaze", so the fervent creative spirit of this century translates even the smallest project into theatrical staging, marvels of mechanics, and surprising optical effects.
Revival and realism
When you look at decorative arts and architecture revival is what distinguishes art movements during the 19th century. Yet the real novelty of this time is the refined realism of paintings and sculptures. Discover in this section refined French furniture, geometrical landscapes, comfortable Imperial style armchairs and much more.
At the peak of the Belle Époque many of the 19th century scientific innovations translated into benefits for the society. Electrical light, cinema and radio are only some of the progress that became commodities in this era when design and the arts followed the Art Nouveau, Liberty e Arts and Crafts stiles.
Rhythm and geometries
This period is distinguished for its modernity and its attention to function and detail. Geometrical patterns and simple lines are common elements both in design and fashion. You can find few strong colors, often placed in contrast with each other. The style that dominated the 20s and 30s is the Art Decò, but the Bauhaus School was also born at this time and its style is still contemporary today. Therefore furniture, lights and decor in this category is very easy to mix with any other object you may already have.
Design after the Great Wars
The years following the Great Wars are crucial for the advent of industrial design. This is when the modern concept of design really started. Plastic and new materials seem to take over mass production of objects designed for the modern daily life. Anything can be designed and realized at this time and there are no limits to invention and realization of thing and a time for optimism. Mid-century furniture produced in this period is still fashionable today.
Industrial designers at work
A new generation of designers brings strong vibes in these years dominated by the Pop Art. Industrial designers felt free to reinterpret the classics with bright colours and new materials to add a burst of energy to daily life. Round shapes typical of ‘60s give a sense of comfort and wealth, and the ‘70s chromed or optical patterns add that touch of extravagance that any home should have even today.
Elegance and minimalism
Simple, minimal and essential lines are the main characteristics of the ‘80s and ‘90s design. Objects produces at this time are works of art dressed with the most technological materials in the most elegant way. The colour palette is limited and soft and the shapes are ergonomic and essentials. Nothing is redundant in this style that has much to tell us in its straight forward look.
Young and promising
Any respectable collection includes young artworks with great potential. Thus also on intOndo you can find a number of contemporary pieces. Even if it is rare nowadays, we find special objects that pass our accurate selection for their uniqueness and the quality of their materials. It is mainly artisanal works that we care for and support as they speak of craftsmanship and contemporary genius. | <urn:uuid:a3f15651-7474-4c08-805f-c1eff7640ed7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.intondo.com/en/periods | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.952654 | 836 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Now showing items 1-2 of 2
Trends and variability of precipitation extremes in the Peruvian Altiplano (1971–2013)
(John Wiley and Sons, 2020-05-24)
Precipitation extremes have been investigated throughout the last decades in different regions of the Andes. However, little attention has been paid to the Altiplano region (Central Andes), especially to the Peruvian ...
A combined view on precipitation and temperature climatology and trends in the southern Andes of Peru
(John Wiley and Sons, 2020-05-13)
In the southern Peruvian Andes, communities are highly dependent on climatic conditions due to the mainly rain-fed agriculture and the importance of glaciers and snow melt as a freshwater resource. Longer-term trends and ... | <urn:uuid:99de9f9c-ee9d-4ab0-892a-03e43fbf7d91> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://repositorio.senamhi.gob.pe/handle/20.500.12542/152/discover?field=author&filtertype_0=author&filtertype_1=subject&filtertype_2=subject&filter_relational_operator_1=equals&filter_relational_operator_0=equals&filter_2=Andes&filter_1=Precipitaci%C3%B3n&filter_relational_operator_2=equals&filter_0=Lavado-Casimiro%2C+W.&filtertype=author&filter_relational_operator=equals&filter=Huerta%2C+Adrian | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.906101 | 166 | 2.28125 | 2 |
[Produced in association with Rutgers Climate and Social Policy Initiative]
Abundant resources and easy transportation make coastal areas some of the most densely populated in the world. While low-lying, coastal areas represent only 2% of the land on the globe, they are home to 13% of the world’s population and 65% of cities with a population of 5 million or more. Meanwhile, a United Nations study concluded that these cities are at high risk for typhoons and hurricanes, floods, landslides and drought.
Despite low levels of urbanisation, the percentage of the population living in coastal cities in Africa and Asia is already higher than that in North America and Europe. Three quarters of the world’s population of low-lying, coastal areas are in Asia, along with two thirds of the global urban population. These statistics indicate that many developing nations are at greater risk of rising sea levels, typhoons and tsunamis. The 2008 World Disasters Report from the International Red Cross points out that in 2007 Asia suffered 15 disasters affecting more than 1 million people. Floods have affected 1 hundred million people in China and over 10 million people in India and Bangladesh. In May this year, half the population of Burma was affected by a tropical storm that left 80 thousand dead.
China has a long coastline and 30% of it is low-lying. Over 70% of large cities, more than half of the population and over 70% of industrial and agricultural production are located in the eastern and coastal areas of the country. These richer and more developed regions are vulnerable to disasters such as floods and typhoons. An Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) report ranked coastal cities at risk from flooding in terms of population, value of property and infrastructure. A number of Chinese cities -- including Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Shanghai and Haikou -- were ranked in the top 20. These developed cities have already shown themselves to be highly vulnerable to ever more frequent climate disasters. Since June 2008, these places have seen torrential rain unknown for decades along with flooding that has caused huge economic losses. As extreme weather has also become more common in inland China, coastal cities are not the only places at risk. In July 2007, Chongqing was struck by the most violent thunderstorm experienced in 115 years, while Jinan saw the heaviest downpour in recorded history (See photo below).
Many cities are unable to take any action to prevent these disasters, and the losses are huge. Even those cities known for their pleasant climates have shown themselves unable to cope with climate change. In July 2008, a downpour paralysed 80% of the traffic in Kunming -- also known as the “Spring City” -- and forced its airport to close for eight hours.
Excessive urbanisation has made developing nations and cities more vulnerable to climate change. However, urban environmental infrastructure and disaster-prevention abilities have not kept up with urban growth. Many Chinese cities have built transportation and power infrastructure as they have grown, but their environmental infrastructure has yet to be addressed. Aging waste water systems and the mixing of waste and rainwater present huge dangers in these places. Some cities, such as Jinan and Chongqing, still have inappropriate urban zoning inherited from earlier times, which worsens their ecological and environmental risks.
The huge demand for labour has attracted many immigrants to Chinese cities, outstripping these urban centres’ ability to accommodate them. These newcomers are concentrated where the cities and out-lying areas meet, which is also where the provision of drainage and waste removal are not available. When disaster strikes, these situations will worsen the effects of the crisis.
The effects of urbanisation and industrialisation on the movement of labour have also increased the risks from climate change. In China, surplus village labour often relocates from resource-poor regions to the more developed coast. This situation has provided the workforce to enable export-led economic growth, but has also resulted in the over-population of coastal regions. During the Chinese New Year of 2008, just as these workers were returning to their homes for the holiday, the south of China was struck by blizzards and sub-zero temperatures. Railways and roads were paralysed and millions were trapped in train stations. To reduce the potential vulnerabilities of coastal cities, China needs to reconsider its externally-driven mode of economic growth, diversify the ways in which labour moves and take measures to move labour from the coast to inland economic centres.
In the face of worsening climate change dangers, China’s cities face more than just urban planning and disaster prevention and response issues. More analysis is necessary to determine the failings of China’s urbanisation process that takes into account an overall strategy for both economic and population growth. This process would facilitate a general strengthening of China’s ability to respond to disasters and prevent many single incidents that could have the potential to begin a domino effect. This type of research also would be the most meaningful to consider China’s urbanisation process.
Zheng Yan is an economics PhD working at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Research’s Centre for Sustainable Development.
Produced in association with:
Homepage photo by Lakerae | <urn:uuid:48faa95f-a165-43e9-89a2-d3eaa8780e99> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.chinadialogue.net/article/show/single/en/2578 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00106-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966364 | 1,059 | 3.53125 | 4 |
When in-person, communication is verbal and visual. However when working remotely you need to learn to use ALL forms of digital communication available in order to convey your thoughts and ideas.
Text communication is a critical element. However, research shows that when we use text, on average we exchange about 740 words versus about 1,000 more words when communicating verbally. 1,000 more!
As a result text updates can very easily lead to misunderstandings which is why I highly recommend considering augmenting text updates with emojis. These enable you to add context and tone that can go a long way in preventing misunderstandings.
From rresearch on the use of emojis:
“Using emoticons, emoji, and stickers can supplement the lack of human nonverbal cues in computer-mediated environment. The results show that proper use of emoticons, emoji, and stickers, especially positive emoticons, is conducive to both relationship formation and cognitive understanding. They not only help participants express emotions and manage interrelations but also function as words to aid message comprehension.” – Ying Tang and Khe Foon Hew, researchers at the University of Hong Kong | <urn:uuid:3cea30bc-6bde-47d7-a7e7-6b73c0f45001> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.futureworkiq.com/post/remote-work-text-communication/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.884804 | 233 | 2.9375 | 3 |
To obtain a projected number of web visitors, developers can access SimilarWeb’s Traffic API which will display results in XML or JSON. This API is about traffic and it is valuable to monitor visitors' flow. From the amount of data to the number of visitors, this API could help developers to keep track of last month’s movement. With this API, developers could create an application not only to display usage, but also to improve future SEO strategies through web content and web placement. In the site, developers can find resources, support and features to create a successful application. | <urn:uuid:7a856bc9-e3a3-4ccb-b776-5a23d8f1caae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.programmableweb.com/api/similarweb-website-traffic/developers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00294-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899192 | 117 | 1.570313 | 2 |
BRIEFLY: ELECTRIC VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
HOW THEY WORK
Believe it or not, but the very first "motor vehicle" was an electric tricycle invented in Europe in the early 1880s. The first
motor vehicle to go faster than 60 mph (100km) was electric in 1899! In the early 20th century, one-third of all motor vehicles
where electric, including the one owned and driven by Henry Ford's wife, Clara.
Electric cars are the essense of simplicity. The battery provides current to an electric motor, which provides traction to the
wheels. There is, essentially, just one moving part! Torque is instanteous, which is why most production electric cars are
so quick, most hitting sixty in under 10 seconds.
HOW FAR CAN I DRIVE ?
This depends entirely the capacity of the car's battery and when, where and how you drive. A car with a small 24kWh battery like the original
Nissan LEAF, BMW i3, and Fiat 500e are rated by the US EPA at just over 80 miles. This improves in summer and declines in winter. Driving at
Interstate (Motorway) speeds eats range, while typical city driving can even add to range. Of course, over the last half-decade
battery density and size have improved an most newer EVs can offer 200+ mile range on a charge, and many now come equipped with fast
charge-capability. As the lender their experience with range.
WHERE CAN I CHARGE ?
Pretty much anywhere you have convenient and safe access to the common 110V residential outlet. It will take longer to charge, however.
There are free apps showing the location of public charging locations. Here is one online source.
HOW LONG TO CHARGE ?
Several key factors determine how long it takes to recharge an electric car starting with the rate of electric charge. The
car's onboard charger controls the flow of electric current into the battery. It is engineered to prevent damage to the car's traction
battery. Apart from Tesla models, most EVs were originally engineed to charge a modest 24-30 kilowatt battery from 20 percent to 80 in
a couple hours at 220V; that's current similar to running an electric clothes dryer or home air conditioner. Charging an EV from the
standard American 110V outlets is quite doable. Just make sure you use a heavy duty cable to avoid over-heating the
cable, which can result in fire. Charging can take 8-12 hours to fully charge from 50 percent. Cars equipped with
Fast Charger-capability can be fully charged in less than hour. However, such chargers currently are few and far between.
WHAT'S IT COST TO CHARGE ?
Usually, the least expensive place to charge is at home, where residential rates typically can be less than charged by commercial public
chargers, though some businesses and organizations offer free charging. Where there is a cost for charging it can be either on a per Kilowatt
hour basis or by the minute. It is the borrower's responsibility to keep the car charged. Assume a 15¢/kWh residential electric rate
and a 40kWh battery that is 30% charged. You want to fully recharge it. That means putting back some 28kWh of electricity, or about $4.20 worth
electricity. Since many modern EVs can travel 4-5 miles on a single kilowatt hour of energy that works out to be 112-140 miles of range.
WHAT IF THE BATTERY DIES ?
Think of an electric car like your smart phone. You probably charge it while you sleep. The same strategy works best for an EV. And if you
forget to charge either, they become useless. You'll have to find an outlet for your charger. So, it's incumbent to monitor the state of
charge of both. | <urn:uuid:4580df0d-c428-4217-b508-13edd14f5a41> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://selectric.evworld.com/evtechbrief.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.948883 | 819 | 2.953125 | 3 |
How do we know what we know? This is a concept that has plagued humanity since the days of the first philosophers. David Strumfels’ Wondering About is more than the science book it purports to be, since it goes deeper than the physical, venturing into that philosophical breach.
“Why is the sky blue?” the author asks early on. The question might appear childish at first glance, and that’s a shame. Once one reaches a certain age, such queries are deemed inappropriate; the information is either expected to be known or disregarded as unimportant.
Strumfels, who seems to have no professional scientific credentials, does a good job of conveying this sense of wonder, articulating what many of his readers undoubtedly have asked at some point in their lives. He covers the “standard sciences”—chemistry, biology, physics, astronomy, and geology, among others—but he also branches out, with discussions of time travel (backwards and forwards), the mind–body connection, and consciousness.
Particularly charming is the inclusion of an article from a 1900 Ladies Home Journal that predicted events for the coming century. The piece contains an amazingly prescient item that pertains to modern mania of text-messaging: “‘There will be no C, X, or Q in our everyday alphabet,’” the original article states. “‘They will be abandoned because unnecessary. Spelling by sound will have been adopted, first by the newspapers. English will be a language of condensed words expressing condensed ideas.’”
Although Strumfels tries to present science in an engaging and inclusive manner, some passages are so circuitous as to cause the reader’s head to spin from the dizzying array of information presented. This is not to say that the writing is particularly difficult (although it can be in spots), but rather the issues are exceptionally thought provoking.
Most of the information flows, if not absolutely logically, from one chapter to another (although there is an odd inclusion of original science-fiction amidst all the science fact).On the negative side, there are several typos that might change the meaning of some of the author’s premises. But Strumfel’s passion for his work—both in science and as a writer—overcomes the minor flaws and tangents that might be attributed to an “absent-minded professor” enthralled by his particular topic. This book could easily serve as the introductory volume to a series of books on specific scientific disciplines.
Disclosure: This article is not an endorsement, but a review. The author of this book provided free copies of the book and paid a small fee to have his/her book reviewed by a professional reviewer. Foreword Reviews and Clarion Review make no guarantee that the author will receive a positive review. Foreword Magazine, Inc. is disclosing this in accordance with the Federal Trade Commission’s 16 CFR, Part 255. | <urn:uuid:852a9ce0-1b40-41a8-979c-c6c4355c831c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.forewordreviews.com/reviews/wondering-about/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00116-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946254 | 622 | 2.875 | 3 |
For this assignment, you will refer to the section “Course Case Study.” Reread the case study, looking specifically at issues related to cultural competence. Examine the ACA’s and APA’s ethical guidelines related to the issue of cultural competence and respond to the following:Describe the ethical issues related to cultural competence.Examine the influence of your own personal values as related to the diversity issues presented in this case. Reflect on how you felt as you read the case study, how your values came into play, and how you would handle your values in a situation such as this.Make recommendations based on your readings and the APA or ACA ethics codes.Be sure to apply specific ethical principles.
Save the paper as AU_PSY430_M2_A2_LastName_FirstInitial.doc and submit it to the M2 Assignment 2 Dropbox by Wednesday, March 9, 2016. Your response should be at least 2 pages long.Assignment 2 Grading CriteriaMaximum PointsDescribed the ethical issues related to cultural competence.20Explained how one’s own personal values relate to diversity in the case study.20Made recommendations based on readings and the ethics codes.20Applied specific ethical principles.20Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; and displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.20Total:100 | <urn:uuid:94b47ead-6e1a-4476-819e-3d13f5959369> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://unemployednursingtutors.com/assignment-2-case-study-cultural-competence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.902345 | 295 | 1.976563 | 2 |
ERIC Number: ED226923
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1982-Dec
Reference Count: 0
The Iroquois Indians: A Non-Print Bibliography.
Pierce, Preston E., Comp.
The annotated non-print bibliography on the Six Nations of the Iroquois people is presented in seven sections: 16mm films and video tapes (13 citations); 35mm filmstrips (13 citations); 35mm slides (5 citations); overhead transparencies (5 citations); kits (4 citations); maps, charts, and posters (5 citations); and disc and tape recordings (7 citations). Each citation includes the title of the material, the date it was produced (1940 to 1982), availability information, a synopsis of the material, and age level the material may be used for (primary grades, intermediate grades, junior high, high school, and college). A selected list of producers' and distributors' addresses concludes the bibliography. (ERB)
Publication Type: Reference Materials - Bibliographies
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: State Univ. of New York, Geneseo. School of Library and Information Service.
Identifiers: American Indian History; Iroquois (Nation); Mohawk (Tribe); Seneca (Tribe) | <urn:uuid:f8189551-d273-487e-a4a0-92a0e2f0f7ff> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED226923 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721027.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00550-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.787617 | 273 | 2.359375 | 2 |
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