text stringlengths 181 608k | id stringlengths 47 47 | dump stringclasses 3
values | url stringlengths 13 2.97k | file_path stringlengths 125 140 | language stringclasses 1
value | language_score float64 0.65 1 | token_count int64 50 138k | score float64 1.5 5 | int_score int64 2 5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
What people are saying - Write a review
We haven't found any reviews in the usual places.
Other editions - View all
Poetical Reading Book, with AIDS for Grammatical Analysis, Paraphrase and ...
John Daniel Morell
No preview available - 2015
alliteration angels Antonio appear Bass Bassanio beauty better bond Book bound called charms close comes Compare doth Duke earth English Enter equal expression fair fall fear field fire force give half hand happy hast hath head hear heart Heaven hill hold hope hour Jessica kind Latin leave less light live look lord lost mark means Milton mind morning nature never night o'er object once past present rest ring round Scene sense Sent sentence sleep soul sound speak spirit stand stood Subj Supply sweet syllable tell thee thine things thou thought thousand true turn Venice verb verse whole winged wish
Page 18 - Beside yon straggling fence that skirts the way, With blossom'd furze unprofitably gay — There, in his noisy mansion, skill'd to rule, The village master taught his little school. A man severe he was, and stern to view ; I knew him well, and every truant knew...
Page 161 - The slaves are ours. So do I answer you : The pound of flesh, which I demand of him, Is dearly bought, 'tis mine, and I will have it : If you deny me, fie upon your law ! There is no force in the decrees of Venice. I stand for judgment : answer ; shall I have it ? Duke.
Page 140 - If a Jew wrong a Christian, what is his humility ? Revenge. If a Christian wrong a Jew, what should his sufferance be by Christian example ? Why, revenge. The villany you teach me I will execute, and it shall go hard but I will better the instruction.
Page 85 - Fairest of stars, last in the train of night, If better thou belong not to the dawn, Sure pledge of day, that crown'st the smiling morn With thy bright circlet, praise him in thy sphere, While day arises, that sweet hour of prime.
Page 124 - Yes, to smell pork! to eat of the habitation which your prophet, the Nazarite, conjured the devil into! I will buy with you, sell with you, talk with you, walk with you, and so following; but I will not eat with you, drink with you, nor pray with you.
Page 2 - It is not growing like a tree In bulk, doth make Man better be ; Or standing long an oak, three hundred year, To fall a log at last, dry, bald, and sere : A lily of a day Is fairer far in May, Although it fall and die that night — It was the plant and flower of Light. In small proportions we just beauties see ; And in short measures life may perfect be.
Page 140 - He hath disgraced me, and hindered me half a million; laughed at my losses, mocked at my gains, scorned my nation, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies; and what's his reason? I am a Jew.
Page 22 - Dear charming nymph, neglected and decried, My shame in crowds, my solitary pride ; Thou source of all my bliss and all my woe, That found'st me poor at first, and keep'st me so...
Page 18 - Yet he was kind, or, if severe in aught, The love he bore to learning was in fault...
Page 112 - So spake the seraph Abdiel, faithful found. Among the faithless faithful only he : Among innumerable false unmoved, Unshaken, unseduced, unterrified, His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal ; Nor number, nor example with him wrought To 'swerve from truth, or change his constant mind Though single. | <urn:uuid:1735b59c-732b-4871-a230-3e981037bbaf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://books.google.com.ph/books?id=Q1kCAAAAQAAJ&dq=editions:OXFORD591032688&lr=&output=html&source=gbs_navlinks_s | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.921583 | 809 | 1.617188 | 2 |
|hi all i'm from Romania i like magic,I'm doing white magic
Bide within the Law you must, in perfect Love and perfect Trust.
Live you must and let to live, fairly take and fairly give.
For tread the Circle thrice about to keep unwelcome spirits out.
To bind the spell well every time, let the spell be said in rhyme.
Light of eye and soft of touch, speak you little, listen much.
Honor the Old Ones in deed and name,
let love and light be our guides again.
Deosil go by the waxing moon, chanting out the joyful tune.
Widdershins go when the moon doth wane,
and the werewolf howls by the dread wolfsbane.
When the Lady's moon is new, kiss the hand to Her times two.
When the moon rides at Her peak then your heart's desire seek.
Heed the North winds mighty gale, lock the door and trim the sail.
When the Wind blows from the East, expect the new and set the feast.
When the wind comes from the South, love will kiss you on the mouth.
When the wind whispers from the West, all hearts will find peace and rest.
Nine woods in the Cauldron go, burn them fast and burn them slow.
Birch in the fire goes to represent what the Lady knows.
Oak in the forest towers with might, in the fire it brings the God's
insight. Rowan is a tree of power causing life and magick to flower.
Willows at the waterside stand ready to help us to the Summerland.
Hawthorn is burned to purify and to draw faerie to your eye.
Hazel-the tree of wisdom and learning adds its strength to the bright fire burning.
White are the flowers of Apple tree that brings us fruits of fertility.
Grapes grow upon the vine giving us both joy and wine.
Fir does mark the evergreen to represent immortality seen.
Elder is the Lady's tree burn it not or cursed you'll be.
Four times the Major Sabbats mark in the light and in the dark.
As the old year starts to wane the new begins, it's now Samhain.
When the time for Imbolc shows watch for flowers through the snows.
When the wheel begins to turn soon the Beltane fires will burn.
As the wheel turns to Lamas night power is brought to magick rite.
Four times the Minor Sabbats fall use the Sun to mark them all.
When the wheel has turned to Yule light the log the Horned One rules.
In the spring, when night equals day time for Ostara to come our way.
When the Sun has reached it's height time for Oak and Holly to fight.
Harvesting comes to one and all when the Autumn Equinox does fall.
Heed the flower, bush, and tree by the Lady blessed you'll be.
Where the rippling waters go cast a stone, the truth you'll know.
When you have and hold a need, harken not to others greed.
With a fool no season spend or be counted as his friend.
Merry Meet and Merry Part bright the cheeks and warm the heart.
Mind the Three-fold Laws you should three times bad and three times good.
When misfortune is enow wear the star upon your brow.
Be true in love this you must do unless your love is false to you.
FAKE FRIENDS: Never ask for food.
REAL FRIENDS: Are the reason you have no food.
FAKE FRIENDS: Call your parents Mr./Mrs.
REAL FRIENDS: Call your parents DAD/MOM.
FAKE FRIENDS: Bail you out of jail and tell you what you did was wrong.
REAL FRIENDS: Will sit next to you saying ''Dang we really messed up, but that sure was fun!''
FAKE FRIENDS: Never seen you cry.
REAL FRIENDS: Cry with you.
FAKE FRIENDS: Borrow your stuff for a few days then give it back.
REAL FRIENDS: Keep your stuff so long they forget it?s yours.
FAKE FRIENDS: Know a few things about you.
REAL FRIENDS: Can write a book about you, with direct quotes from you.
FAKE FRIENDS: Will leave you behind if that is what the crowd is doing.
REAL FRIENDS: Will kick the whole crowds butt that left you.
FAKE FRIENDS: Will knock on your front door.
REAL FRIENDS: Walk right in and say ''I'M HOME!''
FAKE FRIENDS: Are for awhile.
REAL FRIENDS: Are for life.
FAKE FRIENDS: Say they are too busy to listen to your problems, but when it comes to them they expect you to have all the time in the world.
REAL FRIENDS: Not only kick everything out of their schedule to listen to what's wrong, but help come up with vindictive plans to make you feel a whole lot better!
FAKE FRIENDS: Make you say sorry when you want to talk to them at odd hours of the night, or even just hang out at odd hours.
REAL FRIENDS: Come right over and hang out with you, until you either fall asleep, or kick them out.
FAKE FRIENDS: Will ignore this.
REAL FRIENDS: Will repost it | <urn:uuid:890b1f8d-701f-4be8-b597-aeab45bfa862> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.spellsofmagic.com/profile.html?profile=106438&t=bio | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00123-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.896023 | 1,198 | 1.515625 | 2 |
The Golden Bough A study of magic and religion
Page: 70The kings of France also claimed to possess the same gift of healing by touch, which they are said to have derived from Clovis or from St. Louis, while our English kings inherited it from Edward the Confessor. Similarly the savage chiefs of Tonga were believed to heal scrofula and cases of indurated liver by the touch of their feet; and the cure was strictly homoeopathic, for the disease as well as the cure was thought to be caused by contact with the royal person or with anything that belonged to it.
On the whole, then, we seem to be justified in inferring that in many parts of the world the king is the lineal successor of the old magician or medicine-man. When once a special class of sorcerers has been segregated from the community and entrusted by it with the discharge of duties on which the public safety and welfare are believed to depend, these men gradually rise to wealth and power, till their leaders blossom out into sacred kings. But the great social revolution which thus begins with democracy and ends in despotism is attended by an intellectual revolution which affects both the conception and the functions of royalty. For as time goes on, the fallacy of magic becomes more and more apparent to the acuter minds and is slowly displaced by religion; in other words, the magician gives way to the priest, who, renouncing the attempt to control directly the processes of nature for the good of man, seeks to attain the same end indirectly by appealing to the gods to do for him what he no longer fancies he can do for himself. Hence the king, starting as a magician, tends gradually to exchange the practice of magic for the priestly functions of prayer and sacrifice. And while the distinction between the human and the divine is still imperfectly drawn, it is often imagined that men may themselves attain to godhead, not merely after their death, but in their lifetime, through the temporary or permanent possession of their whole nature by a great and powerful spirit. No class of the community has benefited so much as kings by this belief in the possible incarnation of a god in human form. The doctrine of that incarnation, and with it the theory of the divinity of kings in the strict sense of the word, will form the subject of the following chapter.
VII. Incarnate Human Gods
THE INSTANCES which in the preceding chapters I have drawn from the beliefs and practices of rude peoples all over the world, may suffice to prove that the savage fails to recognise those limitations to his power over nature which seem so obvious to us. In a society where every man is supposed to be endowed more or less with powers which we should call supernatural, it is plain that the distinction between gods and men is somewhat blurred, or rather has scarcely emerged. The conception of gods as superhuman beings endowed with powers to which man possesses nothing comparable in degree and hardly even in kind, has been slowly evolved in the course of history. By primitive peoples the supernatural agents are not regarded as greatly, if at all, superior to man; for they may be frightened and coerced by him into doing his will. At this stage of thought the world is viewed as a great democracy; all beings in it, whether natural or supernatural, are supposed to stand on a footing of tolerable equality. But with the growth of his knowledge man learns to realise more clearly the vastness of nature and his own littleness and feebleness in presence of it. The recognition of his helplessness does not, however, carry with it a corresponding belief in the impotence of those supernatural beings with which his imagination peoples the universe. On the contrary, it enhances his conception of their power. For the idea of the world as a system of impersonal forces acting in accordance with fixed and invariable laws has not yet fully dawned or darkened upon him. The germ of the idea he certainly has, and he acts upon it, not only in magic art, but in much of the business of daily life. But the idea remains undeveloped, and so far as he attempts to explain the world he lives in, he pictures it as the manifestation of conscious will and personal agency. If then he feels himself to be so frail and slight, how vast and powerful must he deem the beings who control the gigantic machinery of nature! Thus as his old sense of equality with the gods slowly vanishes, he resigns at the same time the hope of directing the course of nature by his own unaided resources, that is, by magic, and looks more and more to the gods as the sole repositories of those supernatural powers which he once claimed to share with them. With the advance of knowledge, therefore, prayer and sacrifice assume the leading place in religious ritual; and magic, which once ranked with them as a legitimate equal, is gradually relegated to the background and sinks to the level of a black art. It is not regarded as an encroachment, at once vain and impious, on the domain of the gods, and as such encounters the steady opposition of the priests, whose reputation and influence rise or fall with those of their gods. Hence, when at a late period the distinction between religion and superstition has emerged, we find that sacrifice and prayer are the resource of the pious and enlightened portion of the community, while magic is the refuge of the superstitious and ignorant. But when, still later, the conception of the elemental forces as personal agents is giving way to the recognition of natural law; then magic, based as it implicitly is on the idea of a necessary and invariable sequence of cause and effect, independent of personal will, reappears from the obscurity and discredit into which it had fallen, and by investigating the causal sequences in nature, directly prepares the way for science. Alchemy leads up to chemistry. | <urn:uuid:ca32a257-6914-446c-a724-ffacfdc4d8cf> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.greekmythology.com/Books/the_golden_bough_a_study_of_magic_and_religion/70/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00145-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975075 | 1,186 | 2.40625 | 2 |
ATV ready to nose up to Station
ESA’s fourth Automated Transfer Vehicle, ATV Albert Einstein, is set to conduct an autonomous docking with the International Space Station on 15 June. The vessel will deliver scientific experiments, vital supplies and fuel to the astronauts.
ATV-4 was launched by a powerful Ariane 5 rocket on 5 June into a highly precise injection orbit at an altitude of 259.5 km.
By Saturday, ATV-4 will have completed a series of phasing manoeuvres – a set of thruster burns – designed to raise the vessel from its injection orbit to a point around 40 km behind and 5 km below the ISS at about 410 km altitude, ready to start rendezvous operations.
Mission controllers at ESA’s ATV Control Centre in Toulouse will guide it to a specific waypoint – a virtual point 3.5 km behind and 100 m below the station – at which ATV Albert Einstein will begin its automated docking sequence.
The 20-tonne vessel, flying autonomously but being continuously monitored from the ground, will navigate itself using GPS signals and, in the final 250 m before contact, via laser signals reflected from the aft end of the Zvezda ISS module.
ATV-4 is expected to dock with the International Space Station at 15:46 CEST.
Docking with centimetre accuracy
“Docking will be conducted with centimetre accuracy while orbiting at 28 000 km/h,” says ESA’s ATV-4 Mission Manager Alberto Novelli.
“The vessel’s technology is first rate and the joint ESA/CNES mission control teams at the ATV Control Centre are trained and fully ready to oversee docking. We’re looking forward to an uneventful arrival at Station.”
Astronauts monitor ATV arrival
On board the ISS, ESA astronaut Luca Parmitano and cosmonaut Aleksandr Misurkin will closely monitor docking.
In the event of any anomaly, the crew can issue commands directly to ATV, instructing it to pause, stop or even abort the docking.
Once safely attached to the ISS, the hatch will be opened and the vessel’s atmosphere will be cleaned and filtered for a number of hours before ingress, set for 17 June.
Spare parts, new science
Luca has two important tasks soon after docking; one is the installation of the Fundamental and Applied Studies in Emulsions Stability (FASES) experiment in the Fluid Science Laboratory in Europe’s Columbus module.
FASES will investigate the behaviour of emulsions in weightlessness; emulsions play a significant role in many fields of industry, including food production, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
The other is installing a new water pump for the Thermal Control System in Columbus. | <urn:uuid:9a4cafa6-3c05-4439-998c-5a4377d750c4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/ATV/ATV_ready_to_nose_up_to_Station/(print) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00214-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.895376 | 589 | 2.53125 | 3 |
North Carolina Wrestling Territory:
The Washington Post (9/22/1905) mentioned a match in Asheville, NC between
Professor A. Ono of Japan and Olson of Chicago. Ono had previously trained
jiu-jitsu at Annapolis. He claimed that he suffered permanent damage to his eye in
his match with Olson and said that he was fouled.
In his March 17, 1934 column (Jake Wade's Sports Parade) in the Charlotte
Observer, Wade wrote about an upcoming show featuring "two of the best light
heavyweights in the business," Pinky Gardner and Joe Banaski. He talked both men
up, stating that they were scientific, yet colorful, but the latter had not been "achieved
by superfluous clowning, monkeyshines or rank showmanship." From there Wade
admitted that he couldn't tell the difference between the reported fake wrestling
matches, and the true stuff. He stated that he knew that some matches were "fixed,"
and some bouts previously in Charlotte had "looked screwy." Wade explained that
the wrestlers "hotly deny that they ever engage in any fixing," and the grapplers
would "even demonstrate a few holds on you to show you that those holds will make
you grunt and grimace."
Astutely, Wade wrote that "the trick of promoters is to balance the card with comedy
and skill," allowing for sincere exhibitions of skill and the wild "monkey business."
These tactics would, effectively, give the crowd what they wanted - a night full of
entertainment. Too much of any one thing would be dull, leaving a bad taste in
spectators mouths, and run them off.
In late 1947, Stanley Myslajek was promoting wrestling in Durham and Raleigh, North
On August 22, 1988, at the age of 81, Wilton Garrison, the longtime sports editor for
the Spartanburg Herald and Charlotte Observer, died. Around 1936, Garrison
"caught the eye" of Observer sports editor Jake Wade, and was hired as an
assistant. Garrison then took over as the sports editor for the Observer when Wade
left in 1946, according to the obituary in the Charlotte Observer (8/23/88). For a
time, Garrison personally covered the pro wrestling matches in Charlotte. He wrote
reportedly more than 8,000 columns.
South Carolina Wrestling Territory:
The Associated Press covered a wrestling event in Greensville, South Carolina on
April 7, 1932 (4/8/32, New York Times). Reportedly, wrestler George Hill attacked
referee Joe Robinson, provoking "a handful of spectators" to attack Hill in retaliation.
Police were called in to halt the action, and Hill was taken to the police station, where
he was later released. Hill had been wrestling Steve Znoski and had just lost by DQ
when the real chaos began.
Virginia Wrestling Territory:
Bill Lewis was the main behind-the-scenes in Virginian professional wrestling between
the 1930s and the '50s, running shows in Richmond and Norfolk. He earned a badge
of honor by being one of only five wrestling promoters to have remained in the same
territory through a 20-year period, a group including "Toots" Mondt (New York City),
Morris Sigel (Houston), Jim Crockett (Charlotte), and Paul Bowser (Boston).
Research by Tim Hornbaker
|Mid-Atlantic Wrestling Territory | <urn:uuid:1fa70626-66bd-4af2-925e-da1a2cd80a9c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://legacyofwrestling.com/MidAtlanticTerritory.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00451-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965859 | 727 | 1.640625 | 2 |
The real Western civilisation emergency?
The inexcusable, great global warming scam — and what it is going to cost us — is brilliantly illustrated by Melanie Phillips below.* It’s too important to miss!
And why are we finding that we now have to use wood burners even earlier each year in New Zealand? Ours and neighbours’ are now being used already in March — as they were, nearing the end of last year – when we’re supposed to be having global warming!
Remember Greenpeace? Another theory about why we have all been conned — this includes our governments and local bodies —has now been advanced by none other than the founder of Greenpeace *“Dr Patrick Moore, who subsequently saw the light. He suggested that after the failure of Soviet communism, neo-Marxists used green language to cloak agendas that had more to do with anti-capitalism and anti-globalisation than with the science of ecology.”
And how much of the sheer ignorance of this anti-capitalist agenda has been shown by other mayors and local bodies around the country? Incredibly enough, in Nelson, Mayor Rachel Reese actually enthusiastically hugged members of Extinction Rebellion, the anarchist group gluing themselves to tunnels, roads, etc in Britain.
In a display of extraordinary gullibility Reese has seen to the Nelson City Council establishing an inexcusably expensive undertaking to tackle Nelson’s non-existent climate change emergency, employing new staff, with all the salaries and equipment involved — and reportedly inappropriately diverting the funding from other council accounts to do so. But we don’t have any climate change emergency in Nelson! There’s absolutely no proof of this at all – so what excuse is there for the Nelson City Council’s sheer gullibility – and the rise of rates inflicted on an already overtaxed community?
Don’t miss Melanie Philips below!
© Amy Brooke. Check out my book, ” The 100 Days – Claiming back New Zealand…What has gone wrong and how we can control our politicians“. Available from my website – http://www.amybrooke.co.nz – or from Amazon’s Kindle
FEBRUARY 21, 2020 , by MELANIE Philips.
*A few commentators have begun to stumble towards the fact that the policy of becoming “carbon neutral” by 2050, as adopted by the UK and the EU, would undo modernity itself.
On Unherd, Peter Franklin observes that, if carried through, the policy will have a far greater effect than Brexit or anything else; it will transform society altogether.
“It will continue to transform the power industry, and much else besides: every mode of transport; how we build, warm and cool our homes; food, agriculture and land use; trade, industry, every part of the economy”.
Franklin is correct. Even so, he seems not to grasp the full implications of the disaster he intuits – because he thinks there’s some kind of middle way through which the imminent eco-apocalypse can be prevented without returning Britain to the Middle Ages.
In similar vein he quotes Rachel Wolf, a co-author of the 2019 Conservative manifesto, who is prone to the same kind of magical thinking. She wrote:
“Government has committed to ‘net zero’ greenhouse gas emissions because it does not want the side effects of the energy sources we have used for centuries to destroy the planet. At the same time, we do not want to return to an era where children (and their mothers) regularly died, and where the majority of people lived in what would now in the UK be considered wholly unacceptable poverty. This is a staggering challenge”.
This is what we might call an understatement. What is truly staggering is, first, that any sentient person thinks this can be done and, second, that it should be done.
For it’s not just that the carbon-neutral target will destroy the livelihoods and wreck the living standards of millions of people. It’s not even that it would take Britain and the west backwards to a pre-industrial way of life.
More fundamentally, it shows that policymakers and politicians – even those who may not fawn idiotically over Greta Thunberg and who rightly view Extinction Rebellion as a bunch of anarchist vandals – have not the slightest scintilla of a clue that the whole idea of a “climate emergency” is bogus from start to finish.
Those who point this out are vilified by the chillingly offensive term “climate-change deniers” and written off as a small bunch of cranks. This merely shows the terrifying effects of groupthink. The claim that “97 per cent” of scientists support the prediction of planetary disaster through anthropogenic global warming – a figure that is itself said to have misrepresented the evidence – denies the key scientific principle that science is never settled.
It also ignores the hundreds of scientists in related fields, many with stellar reputations and some of whom themselves served as expert reviewers for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change until they decided the IPCC was hijacking science for ideological ends, who have shown repeatedly that the evidence for a “climate emergency” doesn’t hold up for a moment.
What these scientists are telling us is that policy-makers are intending to destroy the west’s economic and social ecology even though:
- There’s no evidence that current changes in the climate are different from the fluctuations in climate over the centuries;
- The idea that the non-linear, chaotic and infinitely complex climate can be significantly affected by anything human beings may do is intrinsically absurd;
- All climate forecasts are based on computer modelling which is unable to process this level of complexity and unpredictability, and which is also susceptible to false assumptions fed into the programmes which produce false results;
- Much evidence of current environmental trends is ambiguous and contested;
- Much climate-related research is scientifically illiterate or the product of outright intellectual fraud;
- Scientists in climate-related fields can often only obtain grant funding if their research corresponds to apocalyptic AGW theory. This innate distorting mechanism will be hugely exacerbated by the $10 billion which Amazon founder Jeff Bezos has announced he is investing to “save Earth” from climate change, “the biggest threat to our planet”.
Nevertheless, scientists with intellectual and moral integrity are continuing to challenge this bogus science with actual facts. I reported several of these in my 2010 book, The World Turned Upside Down. Here are a few more recent examples.
- Professor Ole Humlum, Emeritus Professor of Physical Geography, University of Oslo, has saidthat the World Meteorological Organisation is misleading the public by suggesting that global warming and its impacts are accelerating. He wrote:
“Reading the WMO report, you would think that global warming was getting worse. But in fact it is carefully worded to give a false impression. The data are far more suggestive of an improvement than a deterioration. After the warm year of 2016, temperatures last year continued to fall back to levels of the so-called warming “pause” of 2000-2015. There is no sign of any acceleration in global temperature, hurricanes or sea-level rise. These empirical observations show no sign of acceleration whatsoever.”
“…The temperature variations recorded in the lower troposphere are generally reflected at higher altitudes also, and the overall temperature ‘pause’ since about 2002 is recorded at all altitudes, including the tropopause and into the stratosphere above. In the stratosphere, however, the temperature ‘pause’ had already commenced by around 1995; that is, 5–7 years before a similar temperature ‘pause’ began in the lower troposphere near the planet’s surface.The stratospheric temperature ‘pause’ has now lasted without interruption for about 24 years”.
- Paul Homewood wrote herethat the Met Office’s Central England Temperature Record shows that temperatures have barely changed in 20 years and that there has been no increase in extremely hot days either:
“The summer of 2018 had just one day over 30 degrees, while 1976 had six. The Met Office’s data show that hot days are just not becoming more common.” And there seems to be little to worry about on bad weather front either. There has been a gentle decline in storminess, and in most of the UK, there has been no change in either average rainfall or rainfall extremes”.
- A leading climatologist, Professor John Christy of the University of Alabama in Huntsville, has saidthat the computer simulations used to predict global warming are failing on a key measure of the climate today and cannot be trusted.
“They all have rapid warming above 30,000 feet in the tropics – it’s effectively a diagnostic signal of greenhouse warming. But in reality it’s just not happening. It’s warming up there, but at only about one third of the rate predicted by the models.”
- Professor Ray Bates of University College Dublin saysthe IPCC’s Special Report on a Global Warming of 1.5°C (SR1.5), which makes a “costly and highly disruptive recommendation” that carbon emissions be reduced to zero by mid-century, lacks the scientific rigour to support such a proposal.
“There is much recent observational and scientific evidence that the IPCC report has failed to include and which supports a more considered mitigation strategy than the extreme and unrealistic measures called for in the SR1.5 report”.
- A reviewof Met Office weather data found the UK climate was more stable than was being suggested.
“The review, which examines official temperature, rainfall, drought and other weather data shows that although temperatures increased slightly in the 1990s and 2000s, there is no evidence that weather has become more extreme. And intriguingly, extreme heat is, if anything, slightly less common than in previous decades.In particular, heatwaves have not become more severe and nor have droughts. Data also suggest that recent warming has had little effect on the severity of flooding in the UK”.
- Richard Lindzen, formerly Professor of Meteorology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, is the author of over 200 papers on meteorology and climatology and is a member of the US National Academy of Sciences. He has consistently drawn attention to the fact that AGW theory is a sham and a scam.
In a lecture in 2018, he ridiculed the core premises of AGW theory that the climate, a complex multifactor system, could be summarised in just one variable – the globally averaged temperature change – and that it was primarily controlled by the 1-2 per cent perturbation in the single variable of carbon dioxide. This, he said, is “an extraordinary pair of claims based on reasoning that borders on magical thinking.”
“Turning to the issue of temperature extremes, is there any data to even support concern? As to these extremes, the data shows no trend and the IPCC agrees… At the heart of this nonsense is the failure to distinguish weather from climate. Thus, global warming refers to the welcome increase in temperature of about 1◦C since the end of the Little Ice Age about 200 years ago. On the other hand, weather extremes involve temperature changes of the order of 20◦C. Such large changes have a profoundly different origin from global warming.
“This has also been the case with sea-level rise. Sea level has been increasing by about 8 inches per century for hundreds of years, and we have clearly been able to deal with it. In order to promote fear, however, those models that predict much larger increases are invoked. As a practical matter, it has long been known that at most coastal locations, changes in sea level, as measured by tide gauges, are primarily due to changes in land level associated with both tectonics and land use. Moreover, the small change in global mean temperature (actually the change in temperature increase) is much smaller than what the computer models used by the IPCC have predicted. Even if all this change were due to man, it would be most consistent with low sensitivity to added carbon dioxide, and the IPCC only claims that most (not all) of the warming over the past 60 years is due to man’s activities. Thus, the issue of man-made climate change does not appear to be a serious problem”.
So what’s really going on here? How come so many scientists subscribe to this falsification of science itself?
One clue lay in an article published in the Guardian in 2007 by Mike Hulme, the founding director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research and a guru of AGW orthodoxy. In seeking to rebut the argument that global warming theory was bunk, he openly acknowledged that the theory could not be supported by the “normal” rules of scientific inquiry. He wrote:
“The danger of a ‘normal’ reading of science is that it assumes science can first find truth, then speak truth to power, and that truth-based policy will then follow… Self-evidently dangerous climate change will not emerge from a normal scientific process of truth-seeking, although science will gain some insights into the question if it recognises the socially contingent dimensions of a post-normal science.But to proffer such insights, scientists – and politicians – must trade (normal) truth for influence. If scientists want to remain listened to, to bear influence on policy, they must recognise the social limits of their truth seeking and reveal fully the values and beliefs they bring to their scientific activity”.
As I wrote in The World Turned Upside Down: “It was a brazen admission that, in the name of science, scientific reason had been junked altogether to promote mere ideological conviction. In other words, science— the hard-wiring that underpins our age of reason — has short-circuited itself. It has mutated into a denial of rationality in order to change the very way in which people think. This is not about submitting theories or hypotheses or evidence for public debate. This is about using ‘science’ to stifle public debate and change the way people think and behave”.
Another theory was advanced by none other than the founder of Greenpeace, Dr Patrick Moore, who subsequently saw the light. He suggested that after the failure of Soviet communism, neo-Marxists used green language to cloak agendas that had more to do with anti-capitalism and anti-globalisation than with the science of ecology.
That certainly corresponds with the real agenda of Extinction Rebellion, a leak from whose computer database revealed that its aims include “to build structure, community and test prototypes in preparation for the coming structural collapse of the regimes of western ‘democracies’ — now seen as inevitable due to stored-up crisis. Thus preparing a foundation to transform society and resist fascism/other extremes. This includes creating Rising from the Wreckage – a citizens’ assembly based on sortition [random selection]”.
Another scientist has heard other echoes. Professor Paul Reiter, professor of medical entomology at the Pasteur Institute in Paris and a former expert reviewer for the IPCC, was appalled by the IPCC’s false claims about the increased risk from global warming of malaria, a disease on which Reiter is a world expert. And he noted the parallels between the global warming scam and “Lysenkoism” in the Soviet Union.
Trofim Lysenko was an agricultural scientist who claimed falsely that he could eradicate starvation by modifying seeds before cultivation and thus multiply grain production. He argued that conventional genetics was ‘fascist genetics’. Opposition to him was not tolerated. As a result, between 1934 and 1940 numerous geneticists were shot or exiled to Siberia and starved to death, including the Director of the Lenin Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1943.
Lysenko took his place and in 1948 genetics was labelled ‘bourgeois pseudoscience’. The ban on genetics was lifted in 1965 after tens of millions had starved to death because Lysenko’s agricultural polices had not produced enough food.
Reiter commented: “One of the few geneticists who survived the Stalin era wrote: ‘Lysenko showed how a forcibly instilled illusion, repeated over and over at meetings and in the media, takes on an existence of its own in people’s minds, despite all realities’. To me, we have fallen into this trap”.
The “climate emergency”, which we are told threatens the imminent collapse of civilisation and the extinction of humanity, is a dogma being enforced by a culturally totalitarian tyranny. Threatening the living standards of millions, permitting no challenge and wrecking the livelihoods and reputations of any who dares dissent, it has been created by a repudiation of science, humanity and reason: the very markers of modernity and the west. This is the real emergency. ” | <urn:uuid:ec00a8a4-79f4-4151-9654-c87e8d1a7918> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://100daystodemocracy.wordpress.com/tag/business/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.953203 | 3,550 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Have some frugal fun!
5 Low Cost Ways to Have Summer Fun
by Gary Foreman
Summer Event Savings
Bringing the World Home
Who doesn't love summertime? The world slows down a little. Our minds turn to some of the more enjoyable things in life like travel, entertainment, and social activities.
However, for many of us, cost is a consideration. So let's explore five low- and no-cost ways to enjoy summer.
Become a treasure hunter. We're all used to devices that use GPS to tell us exactly where we are. But did you know that they can be used to have fun, too?
Enter geocaching. A geocache is a small packet that's hidden in plain sight. Caches are listed on Geocaching.com. Your job is to choose one. Follow the clues and attempt to find the cache. Once you've found it, you add your name to a log that's hidden with it.
Caches have been hidden all over the world. Some players limit their searches locally, but others make geocaching part of their vacation.
All you need to get started is a computer and a device with GPS. Playing is free! So if you've ever wanted to find buried treasure, here's your chance. You might not get wealthy, but you will discover a load of fun.
Hold a virtual scavenger hunt. For years, scavenger hunts have been a group favorite. Two or more teams search out a list of items. In the original game, they collected the items and then brought them back to the starting point. The first team to complete the list and return wins.
Digital cameras and cell phones have given us an updated version. Now teams spread out and collect pictures of items on the list. The items to be photographed can be wonderfully varied. Items from nature (like a bird nest) can be mixed with human interest (a mother and baby) and commercial (a rare brand or logo). Let your imagination run wild.
Technology not only changes the items you're collecting, but also affects how you find them. Teams have been known to use searches to help find their quarry. Cheaters might even try to sneak in a picture they found on the net. You can prevent that by making them include something current in the picture.
Check out the local talent. Whether you like Broadway productions or good music, there's likely to be some good, low-cost entertainment available near you.
Colleges are an excellent place to start. Most have low- or no-cost movie nights for students and locals. If the college has a speech and theatre department, they'll offer student productions. The quality is often very good.
Don't forget to check local papers and websites for their community bulletin boards. You'll find all kinds of entertainment options, including up and coming performers at local establishments.
Revive old games. Games weren't always connected to a video screen and a game system or the internet. Discover the world of board games. You'll find the games inexpensive and packed with entertainment value. Often you can buy them at thrift stores or garage sales.
Play was designed to encourage interaction among the players, which makes for great conversation. Generally games take an hour or more, so you can have a whole evening's entertainment for the cost of beverages and snacks!
Become a virtual explorer. Most of us will never get to explore the Amazon River basin, climb Mt. Everest, or set foot on Mars, but with the internet, we can do the next best thing, which is experience them virtually.
What have you always wanted to do? Set aside time to make that dream into a virtual reality. Begin by doing some research. Read all you can about your adventure. Are there ways to experience the food, drink, clothing or other aspects? Can you experience the restaurants, shops, or museums?
Invite friends to share the adventure with you. While you may not have felt the humidity of a tropical rain forest, your mind will have experienced much of it for pennies.
Gary Foreman is a former financial planner and purchasing manager who founded The Dollar Stretcher.com website and newsletters in 1996. He's been featured in MSN Money, Yahoo Finance, Fox Business, The Nightly Business Report, US News Money and CreditCards.com. Gary shares his philosophy of money here. You can follow Gary on Twitter or visit Gary Foreman on Google+. Gary is also available for audio, video or print interviews. For more info see his media page.
Take the Next Step:
- For more frugal summer fun ideas, please visit The Dollar Stretcher Library.
- It's tough raising kids today! You need every time and money saving idea you can find. That's why you'll want to get our free weekly Dollar Stretcher for Parents newsletter. You'll find great ideas designed just for parents that will help your family 'live better...for less'! Subscribers get a copy of our ebook Little Luxuries: 130 Ways to Live Better...For Less for FREE.
Share your thoughts about this article with the editor.
Prices keep rising while my income remains stagnant and I worry I am heading for debt trouble. Tell us: Yes, I think I am heading for debt trouble and could use some help! or No, I am not in debt trouble but I am always looking for new ways to help keep my budget on track!
More Money-Saving Lifestyle Tips
- 4 steps to a simpler (and more frugal) life
- 6 tips for a fabulously free vacation
- Secrets to living luxuriously for less
- Money-saving secrets of the rich and frugal
- 4 secrets to being a frugal foodie
- Why you might want to become a housesitter
- How to be a vegetarian or vegan on a budget
- Be stylish for less using online clothing resale shops
- This week's Readers' Tips | <urn:uuid:5bec1fd4-d5ed-4906-9da2-cbda59775d78> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.stretcher.com/stories/13/13jun24c.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00135-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940177 | 1,237 | 1.90625 | 2 |
Hasbro Canada's Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) action figure made quite a stir when it first hit department store shelves back in the late fall and early winter of 1966. The Mountie figure was designed to be an extension of the popular "GI Joe Soldiers of the World" action figure series (which debuted earlier that same year), yet the Mountie was only made available to Canadian toy markets. His clothing and accessories were based on an actual RCMP officer's uniform and the amount of detail and accuracy that went into their design marked a high point in GI Joe's multi-occupational career. So much so, that fellow GI Joe licensee, Palitoy, continued to produce a close cousin to the Canadian-made figure for many years following his short two-year life span with Canadian retailers. This Canadian icon is now one of Hasbro's most sought-after vintage GI Joe collectibles.
The Marx Canadian Buddy action figure (also correctly known as the All Canadian Fighter) was a Simpsons-Sears store "exclusive" action figure offering. The figure was sold only for a brief period of time, first appearing in the 1967 Simpsons-Sears Christmas catalogue and then disappearing from the catalog by the time the 1968 book was issued. The action figure was offered either as a stand-alone purchase, or as a discounted set if both the action figure and a green Marx Army jeep were purchased together. Given this action figure's brief one-year life span, the Marx Canadian Buddy remains one of the rarest action figure collectibles to obtain today.
The "Mego" Johnny Canuck 12-inch action figure of the 1960's was a near identical twin to his brother, the original Fighting Yank action figure that was sold in U.S. retail stores. At the time of their initial release (circa 1965), both the Johnny Canuck and the first-issue Fighting Yank were in for rocky times ahead, as a subsequent law suit instigated by Hasbro for infringement on the design of GI Joe by these "knock-off" figures was about to be launched. Thus, the Johnny Canuck figure lived a rather short life span in his original fully articulated body. At the time, boxes were not marked Mego as the "Mego Corp." standardized name was not used extensively until the late sixties and early seventies. These figures were sold by "Princess Grace Doll, Inc." This company was either the parent, or a subsidiary, of Mego (also known at the time as "Mintex," an acronym standing for Mego Industrial Textiles). | <urn:uuid:810dd961-61ae-4b2f-b68b-2fbebf9bd9cd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://collectorville.net/index.php/ct-menu-item-5 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.980544 | 527 | 1.945313 | 2 |
Consider this conundrum: the moment a person experiences even COVID-19-related symptoms, they are told to seek medical testing or treatment, and, in the earlier stages of the outbreak, such may have even made national news! Meanwhile, not one word is uttered when 10,000 become infected with the virus that “can kill both soul and body
Category: Tidbits of Truth
There are two things in this world that don’t mix: Pop Rocks and Dr. Pepper, but that’s not important right now. I’m talking about infection and indifference. As these words are written, there is panic in the streets. We are experiencing the effects of an outbreak. It is an epic epidemic at epidemically epic proportions.
One final thing we will consider in this series on sound reasoning and objective logic in Bible interpretation. Consider this statement: “Therefore let anyone who thinks that he stands take heed lest he FALL.” 1 CORINTHIANS 10:12 Questions: Who is writing? What did he say? To whom did he say it? Why did he say
So what is the point of all this talk about “believing” and “obeying”? There is a particularly powerful OT passage about Abraham, so much that it is quoted three separate times in the NT (Rom. 4:3; Gal. 3:6; Jas. 2:23): “And [Abraham] believed in Jehovah, and [Jehovah] counted it to him as righteousness” (Gen. 15:6).
Recently, we have seen this spiritual truth illustrated in both Testaments: In the holy, sovereign eyes of Jehovah God, to “BELIEVE” = to “OBEY.” We will now look at a final example further demonstrating this truth, found in Hebrews 3. In Heb. 3:7ff, the inspired writer is recounting some OT history—particularly how Jehovah had said He
The logical conclusion we drew from Num. 20:10-12 last week was this: TO “BELIEVE” = TO “OBEY.” But does the New Testament agree with this conclusion? Indeed, it does. Let us consider John 3:36, for instance: “Whoever BELIEVES IN the Son has eternal life; but whoever DISOBEYS the Son shall not see life…” It must be
So many times in the Bible, man is admonished or expected to “believe in” something or someone. In John 3:16, for instance, we are informed that whoever “believes in” Jesus Christ will have eternal life. Such statements seem as plain as could be—but are they? Here is the question we must ask: What does it
One of the most popularly debated verses in the New Testament is Mark 16:16. After giving the great commission—that followers of Christ are to preach the gospel to all peoples as they go about in their everyday lives (15)—the Lord answers, as it were, an unspoken question: “OK, so as we are going and preaching the
“PROVE ALL THINGS; HOLD FAST THAT WHICH IS GOOD.” 1 THESSALONIANS 5:21 As we have emphasized in the last few installments, one of the keys to correct Bible interpretation is the use of valid logic and reasoning, just as we would (and do) in normal, everyday conversation. Consider, for instance, Acts 2:38: “And Peter said to them,
“Prove all things; hold fast that which is good” (1 Thess. 5:21). That’s what the apostle Paul admonished the Christians at Thessalonica to do. “Beloved, do not believe every spirit [i.e., teacher], but prove the spirits [i.e., teachers], whether they are of God [i.e., whether they are speaking the truth]” (1 John 4:1a). That’s what | <urn:uuid:7b5d62f6-64a0-41db-9c0a-f50582110c0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hwycoc.com/category/tidbits-of-truth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.958182 | 854 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Custom Web Design for College Institutions: 5 Tips to Solve Biggest Campus Problems
In the latest survey, college campus problems are appallingly increasing and students are reluctant to pursue college because of this. Well, they have to be as they deserve to be told now that these problems can be manageable just with the right attitude. On the other hand, one way to stop the spread of misconceptions about college is through custom web design for college institutions. The aforementioned points may sound irrelevant for now but kindly keep on reading to know how it could work.
1. Mind your own self
Racial/ethnic/religious tensionsamassed4% in the recent survey as a campus problem. Due to the diversity of the students in college, different views and beliefs may clash and yes, this is inevitable. But instead of bullying which is totally childish, that “clash” could be turned into rich starting points for intellectual discussions. With more tact and less ethnocentricity, knowledge can be enriched in no time.
Custom web design for college institutions can advertise equality and social responsibility online. With the administration’s consent and the web designer, they can be partners to guide students how to properly treat each other in terms of race, ethnicity and religion.
2. Lack access to academic advisors
This institutional flaw may not be applicable for all but about 7% college students complained about this in the survey. Students need educational guidance especially in higher education. A simple way is to personally approach the academic advisor/s for additional information and ask questions for a brief clarification. For a long-term remedy, through custom web design, it can place in downloadable handouts and teaching/reading materials, additional educational videos from their academic advisors and cater open forums among students who are interested in the topic. This could actually boost the visit in the college’s website as well as they get to be informed in co-curricular activities and events.
3. Low Job Placement Rate of Graduates
The college institution could reach out to their external linkages and hold job fairs before graduation. Another would be job hiring updates on the college website to encourage students to continue their study and hope to get the job they want. Custom web design for college institutions should have updates on the real world. The most common reason why they took higher education is to get their dream job and dream salary. Plus, an updated college website means a committed and student-centered institution.
Stress garnered 38% as a campus problem but actually #1 key in life is balance and to avoid stress, one has to balance everything that he/she does. Nevertheless, if professors bombard projects with the same deadline:
a) Prioritize-you have to do it one step at a time
b) 100% focus-do not let parties/alcohol binges/unnecessary events take you away
from your desk
c) 15-minute power nap-this is said to be very helpful to college students (i.e.
engineering, architecture, medical students), when your eyes are teary and brain is totally drained give time to refresh it for a nap (just do not fall asleep or else you are dead meat!)
d) Love what you do-time flies so fast when you are enjoying what you do
Remember: stress causes cancer and high-blood pressure! Do not go hard on yourself! Just do it right and give it your best so everything else will follow.
All students mostly go online every once in a while. Engaging the students through the college’s website as their portal to communicate with the progress of their work, then you should work with the best custom web design group, Proweaver. It can give you tons of ways to make your website more interactive for the students. Proweaver offers trendy and professional designs and interactive zones for the students as well as faculty/admin. Proweaver can make the world between professors-students-books as transparent as ever.
5. Cost of Education
This is the considered #1 in the biggest campus problems survey that had about 63% of complaints from students. However, the controversial debate still goes on whether this is true or not because most institutions would say that the tuition fees are currently on the same ratio as back then, it is just that the rates at present are different.
There are several alternatives to this problem one is to get a college scholarship, another is to have a part-time job while studying, or be thrifty especially during payment of tuition fees. There are logically several ways as to how you can be thrifty but that would be another story. Considering that one is acquiring a higher education status makes the fees go higher as well than the previous school one has attended because you have more professors, facilities and other amenities to be paid for.
Web Design for College Institutions: An Invitation for Potential Enrollees
School websites don’t have to be plain boring. Almost all of us are aware of the fact that websites must carry important facts and frequently asked questions in order to automatically address inquiries for more information. For example, if someone were to ask “How many more units do I have to take in order to graduate this so and so course?” The staff assigned can now automatically say “Check the school’s website, everything you need to know is listed there.”
Because of this convenience, there is one factor that is often overlooked. It is a must have to have a custom web designed website because even if a website exists for your school, it is not enough that it should only be functional, it should look most of all presentable and professional. The kind where you don’t mind accessing over and over again because it makes you proud that your college has a website with such an elegant and customized web design.
Having a customized web design for your college’s website is a good idea because with templates you can’t exactly take control and or organize the resources and structure of the content of the website. How you present your website through the content is important but what catches the attention of the visitors is the way the website looks and how the worthwhile information is presented in a concise and clear manner.
The custom web designed website acts as an introduction or a prelude of the college to the world wide web. Believe it or not, many people judge an establishment simply by how their website looks. So, even if you have the grandest and most expensive college, everything it stands for will be for naught if the establishment is not presented as elegantly as how the school looks.
For all your website and custom web design needs, Proweaver is the solution because Design is Our Culture.
Custom Web Design: Proving Ease In College Classrooms
Custom web design is a popular online tool the youth and young professionals engage in these days. With a website, you can find almost anything you don’t need to search for using a book, visiting a shop, or even talking to a friend when social-networking.
Custom web design is so popular because it’s convenient and fun. Anyone from anywhere with an internet connection can get in touch with things, places, and people in a jiff, and why not make schooling a more enjoyable experience from all this? Custom web design can be your easy helper from home, play, work and school!
College institutions are responsible for instilling minds and molding professionals into patrons of society. With a helpful custom web design, not only can you promote learning and education, you can do this in an interactive way – the lesser dull means. It’s true for a lot of students that taking down notes can become hassling, many resort to bringing their laptops to class and typing what their professors say right on their keyboards and translated to screen. Professors themselves do not make use of the pen and whiteboard anymore, they create Powerpoint presentations. And if you didn’t get what the teacher said in one hour, he can send you the notes himself! It’s easy for everyone and tiresome for none.
A custom web design doesn’t also just limit itself to the confines of the professor and the class, it can go outside the fours walls, into hallways, and to the school director’s office. The school hand can have control to any division in school, and manage the college using one progressive online outlet. Now doesn’t that spike your interest?
College Institutions Web Design: Plus Side of Online Help
The level of rivalry between college institutions today is so intense. College presidents need every edge to keep their services running. Get parents and students alike to notice your college by having a website. Here at Proweaver, we offer custom web design services that catch the attention of your market.
Spread the word about your college using online media. More than just blogging and posting pictures, websites can now generate income through the promotion of services. Teenagers of this generation go online for almost every minute. Trends, discussions, and all new buzz can be seen and are being posted on websites. Without using newspapers or magazines, people can still know what’s happening around them through the use of online media. Utilize this vast power to your advantage. Start having a website of your own to generate awareness of your institution.
At Proweaver, we know how to customize your webpage to attract attention to your business. Proweaver can create a fitting website for your services. They can make your website fast and without hassle but with guaranteed positive results in getting client attention.
Having your own business website can get the word going about your services. Your services’ information can be accessed within a matter of seconds. This ultra fast speed of connection with everyone in the online community makes it the perfect medium to advertise your business. Both parents and their children want convenience when choosing which college to go to. Grant them this convenience. Employ Proweaver‘s custom web design services now.
By availing Proweaver‘s custom web design services, you won’t need to keep spending money to promote your business. Websites can continue advertising your services for 24 hours a day for the whole week. Maintaining it is affordable and Proweaver‘s services can be availed at a very reasonable price. With a website, you will get the upper hand for your business.
College Institutions Web Design: Your Virtual Extension
Type. Enter. Click. It seems like the world is now operating in this manner now that technology has fully affected our lives. Every day millions of people, if not billions, go on-line to see what’s new on the web. The modern era has made it easier for us to do anything we want with the help of the internet. This also gave way for the business industry to take their services to a medium where their target market can always be reached.
Now that access to the internet makes everything seem like a walk in the park, websites are the most popular thing on the world wide web right now simply because of its convenience. This is why it is such a big hit to business executives, leading them to have their own business websites.
If you are looking for a way to get more customers to notice your business, Proweaver‘s custom web design services will surely be a big help. With a website, you can provide convenience to your clients since the information they want is now within their hands. Save them time and money by taking your business services on-line.
A website’s easy-to-handle feature is what makes it a perfect tool for your business. It adds value to your services and it can reach a whole lot number of potential clients. Even if your office is close for the day, your own website will continuously promote your services without any interruption. Your website can be accessed by anyone who wants to get detail and information of your business on a 24-hour basis. Talk about great advantages.
Improve your college’s credibility, avail of Proweaver‘s custom web design services now and give your clients a higher level of customer-service satisfaction.
College Institutions Web Design: The Key To Your Future
Proweaver promises a fully-customized website complete with your college’s logo, content and other tools you want to be incorporated into your website. We offer more with our custom web design services than any other web development company, not to mention the end result of our creation is excellent.
We know that you have countless of competitors that are also offering appealing programs to students. If you want to one-up the other colleges, having your own website will do it. Make yourself more accessible to your target market. And since websites can be accessed anytime of the day, your presence will be felt louder, especially if it looks attractive and captivating. Proweaver can take your ideas and translate them into an online platform for students to know more about your college and the programs you offer.
When you avail of Proweaver‘s custom web design services, you will understand why more and more educational institutions are using the online medium in attracting the attention of students worldwide. With a website, you can reach individuals across lands and seas, which is a perfect way of promoting your college to people who are interested, but doesn’t have time to go to your location for inquiries.
Proweaver has expert and professional web designers and developers who uses the latest technology and techniques to create an amazing website that you want. We strive towards giving you what you deserve – a high quality website, but at an affordable price. It is very important to us that we meet and exceed your expectations, after all it’s your website and you have the final say.
Try having a Website!
A website is very essential to every business’s existence. It allows you to enjoy privileges you think only the rich could enjoy. With a website for your business, you can:
Improve your services
Enrollment can be a hassle to both you and your students but with a website you can put your trust on, you can increase the convenience by just guiding your students to the steps of your school’s online enrollment and they can just fill in necessary information without having to line up like the old days. But there are more things your website can do for greater services. You can:
- Automate your employee’s log book, making tracking their attendance hassle-free
- You can give you student’s grade’s online without the pain of wasting paper and ink
- You can keep your records safe and sound
- Update your students and employees on the school’s activities
- And many more!
Increase your odds of being chosen by target customers
With a website you can proudly call your own; you can reach the attention of interested customers even to the farthest region of the country. You will have the luxury of showcasing your paramount services and resources and you can present the achievements your institution has experienced through the achievements and the intensity of your products: your students.
Take education to a higher level
Internet is the breeding ground of information. With that being mentioned, anyone can retrieve or share any information they find relevant to their lives. Experience the 21st century learning through utilizing your website as your student’s board of knowledge. Your website can even serve as a link to your student and to their professors. With a website, it is now possible to teach students without them leaving their homes and commuting to your school.
Find suitable professors and staff
Because your website can help reach the eyes and ears of every citizen in the country, you can increase your chances of finding competent employees to administer excellence in your institution when you post the “Looking for” or “Hiring” posters and advertisements online. You can even decrease your efforts in choosing for the effective personnel on the field and, at the same time, decrease your chances of spending more on print media and advertisements on the radio or television.
With a website, you can push your limits and explore the things only the internet can provide. You can provide connection and at the same time take your edge at a higher extent.
Make Proweaver your Partner in the Trade
A website is harder to create than what you expect. You need to consider a lot of things such as its attractiveness, convenient, and many more in order to have a suitable website for your unsurpassed reputation. Building a reputation online is more than what meets the eye. With you wanting only the finest in your trade in higher education, you can turn to someone to help you make a name in the online community.
With the help of Proweaver, not only will you increase your chances of being able to fulfill dreams of the next generation who are acknowledged as hopes of the country but you can also indulge in the convenience offered by technology. Proweaver has been the trusted partners of industries, whether they may be big or small, in sectors of health, education, and many more to mention in the United States of America. We have been the partner of both starting and experienced entrepreneurs in building Custom Web Designs that are suitable for their unique needs and preferences.
We have been providing Custom Web Designs for the benefit of:
- Education Institutions
- Health Care Establishments
- Insurance Companies
- Charity Groups
- Religious Organizations
- Pharmaceutical Companies
- Private Practitioners
- And many more to mention!
Proweaver acknowledges the role of the education sector and the hard work higher education institutions have been undertaking that is why we specify our services to your needs through providing Custom Web Designs for College Institutions. Experience having to choose from a numerous Custom Web Designs for College Institutions that are:
Your website should speak for you so the use of the best combination of colors and imagery is the one of the best characteristic your website must have. Proweaver has with her on board some of the best web designers and producers to help sell your services to interested customers.
Web researchers have very short attention span and have short temper. If your website has a lot of videos, images and texts that cause your site to load as slow as a turtle’s walk along the beach, these researches will click the red button on the top right corner of the screen without second thoughts even though you have the characteristics of a fine college institution these researches are looking for.
It is not the attractiveness of the website that meets the eye of searchers online but the transition of your website to specific information the readers want to know. Making user-friendly websites has been the edge of Proweaver over the other web design companies online.
- Full of content
What is a website with no content? Readers want information that is why they are on the journey of knowledge through the use of the internet. Proweaver has skilled content writers on board for you to express your own edge with the use of creative writing and excellent utilization of words.
- Search Engine Optimized
With millions of college institution websites on the loose, how will you top your competitors in the search engine? Proweaver has with her experienced SEO writers for you to increase the chances of appearing first in trusted search engines your potential customers eventually use.
The Custom Web Designs for College Institutions that are offered by Proweaver are guaranteed to be cost-friendly and effective and our services are known to be fast, reliable and professionally made. Be our partner today and experience the perks and wonders of the internet and technology.
Custom Web Design for College Institutions: Sky-scraping the Customs of Higher Education
The Importance of Education in One’s Life
Right after the Second Great War, many casualties were recorded in the history of mankind. A great percent of the population has been literally wiped out from the face of the earth. Those who were lucky enough to survive continued the legacy and lived on for the fallen ones. When the world is at peace again and a world a better place to live in, mankind has started to multiply once and for all. This people in this period are called the baby boomers.
Because of the baby boomers, the scale was once again tipping thereby threatening the balance. Competition is very much common in the society especially for food. This is also very evident in great and developed metropolis from around the world. Neighbors compete with neighbors and friends compete against friends just to bring a larger amount of money so that they can be able to put food on their table. Families are often seen as a very large one due to a number of births. Working family members do not only venture out at any time of the day to feed the family but also give the family a decent way of living. This has lead to the sacrifices one has to make for their loved one’s education.
When you get an education, the chance of you giving a boost to your current lifestyle is a never slim. As any other children, before you go on to a more complex subject, you need to be acquainted with the basics. This starts with a very good foundation in one’s early childhood education. As they take a step higher, they learn the mentioned more complex subjects for them to decide on how they can help their country’s economy, and most important of all, how they can help their own family members and loved ones.
As these children turn into teenagers and eventually young adults, they get to attend higher education that will help them determine, or if not, prepare them for their chosen path in life. Once they step on the big universities that will enable them to make a change into their lives for the future, they are beginning to experience a fraction into the real world their parents and everyone before them had been venturing on.
Why Education is a Good Industry for Entrepreneurs to be Investing In
The drastic increase of mankind’s populace partnered with the high demand of the education services has lead to the creation of a number of private schools and the consideration of public schools to build more classrooms and improvement of their facilities to cater the needs of the ever growing population. People will not just settle for the road that have always been taken by the crowd but the road that will bring them to the best path they could ever experience. Everyone needs a good education and is willing to pay the cost just to have their rights within hand’s reach.
What about trying and considering investing in education? It is one of the most demand industries in every country and you can get a very fine profit while experiencing the fulfillment of helping others achieve their dreams. People are hoping to find the best educational services that will help them meet their unique needs. I know your brilliant mind has what it takes to revolutionize education and make lifelong learning a goal everyone should be sharing.
What are perks of investing in the education sector? The education sector is and will always be:
Parents, guardians and loved ones know the importance of education and are willing to sacrifice and do whatever it takes for their children to grasp the things they need to equip themselves for the battle in the real world.
Nothing is more rewarding than your previous students and their family thanking your school’s quality services and you who help make them experience quality education.
Divergent in means
There are millions of methods to establish the most excellent educational institution in the country. There are also a number of the kinds and the types of institutions that you can choose from. You can consider catering one age group or all from the toddlers to the young adults and even adults themselves. You can think about reshaping the educational system by providing a creative and more meaningful ways of presenting knowledge and skills.
Convergent in goals
No matter how divergent the methods of providing a suitable education for each individual are, it is undeniably a fact that all institutions share a common goal: to fill individuals with needed skills and knowledge for them to be able to survive in the real world and for them to fulfill their dreams and the dreams of their loved ones.
Helpful in the country’s development
Education gives way to employment and with employment, the economy of a country will grow and the money will continue circulating therefore aiding in the country’s progress.
Everybody knows the importance of education and the role of the institutions have been giving since the dawn of civilization. Education has been playing a very important and vital role in the society for it is everyone’s catalyst of having a decent and a better lifestyle in the future. As mankind continues to double in population, it is inevitable that parents will send their children to schools for them to be confident that their children will live on happily in their absence. The sector of education has been in demand for a century up until the present.
Why you should Invest in Higher Education
Why do parents continue to sacrifice for their children’s education in college when they can just let their children finish high school and let them work right after they finish senior high? It is because college is the final road to the finish line of education. With a diploma and the right skills and knowledge to boost, anyone with a degree can increase their chance of employment and earning more. The competition in the real world so tight that is why everyone needs evidence that they are better than the rest of the applicants. That evidence can only be provided by higher education institutions.
Because of the increase of the country’s population, the number of students that are enrolling in higher education has been increasing in number. With competitions left and right, you need to show dominance over your rivals in the business so that students will be flocking into your school like seagulls on the rich bays in the east. Your institution should be the best and when we say the best, it should surpass everyone’s expectation. How will you do it? The answer is even simpler and cheaper than you think.
Web Design for College Institutions: How to Look Appealing to the Young Generation
In today’s modern world, a lot of youths, most especially college students, spend most of their time daily in browsing the web. This is why businesses that are targeting the young generation should ensure that they have a professional-looking website to grab the attention of their desired audience. If you are one of these businesses, here are some custom web design tips to guide you:
PUT THE RIGHT INFORMATION
The more comprehensive your site is, the more visitors you can entice online. This is because today’s generation is always looking for websites that are relevant to their needs, which means you should make sure your own online portal has the details that will be helpful to your target market. So, when planning your custom web design, include the text that you will put on your homepage and inner pages. Your homepage in particular should have call-to-action statements to let college students “want” to get to know your institution more and eventually enroll in your school. Aside from the homepage, your custom web design for college institutions should come with complete contact info, school history, rates, and other info that your target market will find really useful while browsing your site’s inner pages.
USE THE RIGHT IMAGES
It also pays if you make use of appealing graphics for your custom web design. If you really want to entice the young audience online, see to it that your content is paired with the right images and that they really complement the statements you have on your website. This is of course very easy to achieve if you let the professionals handle your custom web design for college institutions. They already know what’s necessary to make your college website complete, concise, comprehensive, and attention-grabbing. Professional web design companies also have experienced graphic designers who can efficiently provide awesome images for your online portal. This means you won’t have to worry about the aesthetic image of your site if you have the right professionals to do the job for you.
HIRE THE RIGHT PEOPLE
Finally and most importantly, make sure you hire the right web design company that can give you your dream custom web design for college institutions. Your perfect choice for this kind of service is Proweaver. Proweaver is an experienced and skilled web design and development company that offers a wide range of web design packages for different businesses, such as college institutions. You can easily contact Proweaver through their official website so you can conveniently discuss your requirements to this company’s professional team of designers. They also offer different web design solutions to ensure that businesses like yours can easily choose one that’s perfect for your needs, most especially your target market.
The bottom line here is that you should be able to put the right information, make use of the right images, and hire the right people to have a professional and customer-friendly website for your college institution. Follow all of these tips to achieve your dream website and be one step closer to your desired audience and projected profit! | <urn:uuid:1ba35de6-b643-4ed3-93ee-144a84d74944> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.proweaver.com/custom-web-design-college-institutions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00494-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955969 | 5,935 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Jun 27, 2022
Xiaonan Liu, Jennifer A Collister, Thomas J Littlejohns, Davide Morelli, David A Clifton, David J Hunter and Lei Clifton
This means having a suspicion that something is a risk factor for breast cancer and then testing it.
But with machine learning, we can use a hypothesis-free approach.
They looked at data from the
"UK Biobank is a large-scale biomedical database and research resource, containing in-depth genetic and health information from half a million UK participants. The database is regularly augmented with additional data and is globally accessible to approved researchers undertaking vital research into the most common and life-threatening diseases. It is a major contributor to the advancement of modern medicine and treatment and has enabled several scientific discoveries that improve human health."
In particular, they looked at white post-menopausal women with no history of breast cancer (~100,000 women).
1️⃣ First, they used machine learning (
2️⃣ Then they used more traditional statistical methods to evaluate the proposed risk factors.
XGBoost is a popular algorithm which has been used by researchers to win many machine learning competitions.
Their approach found some breast cancer risk factors which we already know about, but statistically significant novel features identified were:
1️⃣ Basal metabolic rate.
2️⃣ Red blood cell count.
3️⃣ Plasma urea.
4️⃣ Plasma phosphate.
5️⃣ Creatinine in urine.
AI for healthcare gets a lot of hype and some people think it will replace doctors. This paper looked at what the published evidence shows. They found that medical AI research is still in its infancy, and we need further high-quality research to better understand AI's role in healthcare.
An ECG-enabled stethoscope was used on 100 patients referred for an echocardiogram, and an AI algorithm retrained to identify low ejection fraction (EJ) on a single ECG lead reliably detected low EF in standard auscultation positions—meaning that now we can easily determine using a simple stethosco… | <urn:uuid:0a8a7d73-e168-4c8f-a257-9c8703bb3df3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://explainthispaper.com/identifying-breast-cancer-risk-factors-from-uk-biobank/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.935355 | 457 | 2.609375 | 3 |
When Too Many Is Not Enough The stories are heartbreakingly familiar: An elderly recluse passes away and the house is found to be filled with dozens or even hundreds of cats starving, sick and lacking in veterinary care. One recently discovered house had more than 300 cats. Animal shelters must deal with the fallout, long after the horrific headlines are forgotten. A report in the journal
When Too Many Is Not Enough
The stories are heartbreakingly familiar: An elderly recluse passes away and the house is found to be filled with dozens or even hundreds of cats starving, sick and lacking in veterinary care. One recently discovered house had more than 300 cats. Animal shelters must deal with the fallout, long after the horrific headlines are forgotten.
A report in the journalVeterinary Medicine (Vol. 101, No. 8), titled “Animal hoarding: Its roots and recognition” examines the psychology behind trying to keep far more animals than anyone can manage.
Noting that “one distinguishing feature of animal hoarding is that the intent to harm is absent even though great harm often occurs,” the report says that hoarders may suffer what psychiatrists call dissociative disorder. As a substitute for absent human relationships, the lives of people with dissociative disorder can degenerate into anxious attachment or compulsive care-giving for far too many animals. Sadly, some animal hoarders sincerely believe they have “a mission to save” that leads to a compulsion to acquire and control.
And Now Some Good News
Cheap long-distance calling is a wonderful thing. It allowed veterinary researchers to dial 18,194 times for a report theJournal of the American Veterinary Medical Association (Vol. 229, No. 4) titled “Disease prevalence among dogs and cats in the United States and Australia and proportions of dogs and cats that receive therapeutic diets or dietary supplements.”
Not everyone stayed on the line long enough to hear the name of the study (“Sorry, weretrying to eat dinner here!”) but 1,104 pet owners agreed to talk.
On the touchy subject of weight, people (who had a total of 469 cats and 635 dogs amongst them) admitted that 26.2 percent of the pets were “slightly overweight” and 6.1 percent were “obese.” Only one percent of pets were rated by owners as “unhealthy,” but when the question was asked another way, some 16 percent of pets in the survey turned out to have one or more diseases. Only 2.5 percent of the pets were getting therapeutic diets, such as special food for cats with urinary tract disease.
After commenting on the surprisingly low rate of disease among Aussie and Yankee pets (previous studies found up to 93 percent of dogs and 90 percent of cats visiting veterinary clinics have one or more diseases) the researchers figured out the difference: Could it be that healthy cats dont make as many veterinary visits as sick ones?
Where Real Men Knit (and Dream
Perus Isla Taquile is an island of breathtaking beauty (and altitude) with no cars, very few cats and hundreds of men who knit. Beginning in their teen years, virtually all the men of Taquile knit to keep their families warm in the chilly nights at 12,500 feet above sea level.
Enter a visitor from the distant lowlands, weary from kayaking across Lake Titicaca, lungs burning in the thin air and needing a porter to carry the backpack. A robust lad of 18 steps forward, and by the time the mountaintop camp is reached, his five-needle knitting has produced an alpaca headband with a fondly rendered feline motif.
Why not the Incas sacred puma? Do you have a pet cat at home? Translated from Quechua to Spanish to English, his answer makes sense.
Sure, hed like a cat someday. But hes just married, still living with the parents and his budget for buying livestock leaves no room for luxury pets.
Still, a young man can dream, right?v | <urn:uuid:7d887422-dc81-412b-a76a-06a600eabbdf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.catwatchnewsletter.com/shorttakes/short-takes-4/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.956877 | 846 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Los Angeles artist Tim Youd will be in the parking lot of the Downtown Terminal Annex Post Office for the next 10 days. It’s where Charles Bukowski worked for 12 years and where his first novel, “Post Office,” is set. Youd will be typing out the novel on a single sheet of paper.
Tim Youd’s Hollywood studio – actually, it’s more of a storage space – is filled with typewriters. He’s got a vintage Underwood Champion, the same model Charles Bukowski used to type “Post Office.”
“You kinda get in touch, in a different way, with the underlying work when you burrow into the specifics and you’re retyping every word, and you’re working on the same typewriter, and in a location that’s germane to the underlying work,” Youd said.
In Post Office, published in 1971, Bukowski describes the mind-numbing drudgery of menial labor and overbearing supervisors, and his attempt to escape it through drink and women. Youd will be re-typing it in front of the post office, free and open to the pubic, as a sort of performance installation, meets grand literary homage, meets exercise in masochism.
“If I’m typing around four or five pages an hour, and [Henry Miller’s] “Tropic of Capricorn” took me 60-plus hours or whatever it was, you go through your ebbs and flows, you know, you’re into it, and you’re like, ‘oh, this is kind of agonizing, this is hurting my back, this is hurting my neck.’ I mean, you go through a process,” Youd said.
That process is captured on paper in a unique way. When Youd gets to the bottom of a page, he sticks the same page back in the typewriter. So he’s typing the whole book on the same single sheet of paper. He also tapes a second page underneath it.
Youd has these “typewriter portraits” framed side by side – the cover sheet with an inky black rectangle, each line typed over hundreds of times, totally illegible. And a second page, marked by a few words and phrases that have pierced through the top sheet.
Besides collecting all these typewriters. on eBay or at an office repair store on the Westside, Youd also creates replicas of typewriters – out of cardboard. He’s made a number of them. Hunter S. Thompson’s IBM Selectric 2, used to type “Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas.” Vonnegut’s bright-blue Smith Corona Coronamatic 2200, which Youd will use to type “Breakfast of Champions” at the Vonnegut Memorial Library in Indianapolis.
Youd wants to give other books the same treatment. He’ll type Thomas Pynchon’s “Gravity’s Rainbow” in Manhattan Beach, where it was written. And Santa Ana, where Philip K. Dick wrote “A Scanner Darkly.”
As for what Bukowski would think of the project, Youd says, “I mean, if I gave him a six-pack of beer, maybe he would’ve been happier. That might have been permission enough.”
Indeed, Youd’s own intoxication with books comes from a lifelong love of the printed word.
“You know, everybody goes through their ups and downs and personal professional successes and failures,” Youd said. “And reading has always been there for me. Because it’s an escape. And art is an escape, or an entry into a different world anyway.”
It’s a world Youd wants to keep his fingers in for a while to come. | <urn:uuid:d7950eb6-e55c-4eb0-956d-feb43dfe6b57> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://curious.kcrw.com/2013/07/performing-charles-bukowskis-post-office-on-a-typewriter | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00086-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931366 | 846 | 1.601563 | 2 |
- Federal Relations home
- About Federal Relations
- Federal legislation
- Lobbying resources
- Congressional Action Program
- Bright Spots in homeschooling
- Navigation Menu
- Members' Home Page
Homeschool graduate chosen as battalion commander
By Christina Ishizu
Navy life was all that James Brown knew, so it was only natural for him to enlist in the Navy, as he did in July of 2001. His father and grandfather had both served in active duty, and his father, John Brown, was a graduate of the Naval Academy. Following in his father's footsteps, Brown was recently selected to a three-month term as battalion commander at the Naval Academy Preparatory School in Rhode Island.
Aviation Electronics Technician James Brown (Airborne Electronic Warfare/Naval Air Crewman) served at the Naval Air Station at Whidbey Island with Squadron VP40 until they were called to the Middle East. Stationed in Iraq and Afghanistan, James flew 15 combat fights, logging in 625 flight hours and 125 overland hours. Brown was awarded the Navy Achievement Medal for the superior performance of his duties in the Middle East. During this time he also applied to the Naval Academy Preparatory School in Newport, Rhode Island. This was the first step to getting into the Naval Academy. The application process was grueling, but other Naval Academy graduates assisted Brown-for which he was very thankful.
During their time overseas, the VP40 Squadron came to greatly respect James and his commitment to duty. Homeschooling contributed to this, said James's father, in allowing James to be an individual and not conform to peer pressure. "We don't drink," said Mr. Brown. "That has been an area where James's friends have asked him a lot of questions, and a source of respect, too." The Browns started homeschooling when James, their oldest, was in kindergarten. Mrs. Brown's sisters, who both homeschooled, were the ones to introduce them to the concept.
James's duties as a battalion commander included fostering communication within the chain of command, leadership and supervision of the other students, and correcting and admonishing students who got out of line. When he wasn't studying, James played left-field on the Naval Academy Preparatory School's baseball team.
John Brown, who himself pushed for a Department of Defense trial program for homeschoolers, has a few words for homeschoolers who are interested in entering the military. "If a homeschool graduate wants to go into the service, it's a team effort between the parent, the student, and the recruiter. The military has become much more homeschool friendly." | <urn:uuid:d2d2fb93-257d-41ec-a8c2-e14a27547745> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://nche.hslda.org/docs/BrightSpots/200501140.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00429-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983513 | 541 | 2.078125 | 2 |
The Aravalli Mountains make up one of the oldest ranges in the world, formed between one and two billion years ago.
The highest peak in the Aravallis is Guru Peak on Mount Abu, which at 1,722m is a fifth the height of Everest.
The city of Alwar grew in around a 14th century Rajput fort and is still surrounded by a city wall and moat.
Alwar is located in the centre of the ‘Golden Triangle’, equidistant from popular sites of Delhi, Agra and Jaipur.
Sariska Tiger Reserve was given national park status in 1979 and is one of the most visited national parks in India.
Alwar is known as ‘Tiger Gate’ after its proximity to the Sariska Tiger Reserve which used to be a hunting ground for the city. | <urn:uuid:0f4213e5-1025-4a7f-b03d-bc2224c9531e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://hiddenjourneys.co.uk/Mumbai-Delhi/Alwar.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721174.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00282-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964666 | 178 | 2.375 | 2 |
GENEVA (Reuters) - Opposing sides in the Syrian war came face-to-face in U.N. peace talks for the first time in three years on Thursday, to hear mediator Staffan de Mistura implore them to cooperate to find a way out of almost six years of war.
“I ask you to work together. I know it’s not going to be easy to end this horrible conflict and lay the foundation for a country at peace with itself, sovereign and unified,” Mistura told the delegates sitting opposite each other on the stage of the U.N. assembly hall in Geneva.
Mistura will hold meetings with the delegations on Friday to establish a procedure for the talks, he told reporters after the opening session, adding it would be his “dream” to bring them back together for direct talks, but there was work to be done before that could happen.
At the last Geneva talks, 10 months ago, de Mistura had to shuttle between the parties who never met in the same room.
De Mistura told the representatives of President Bashar al-Assad’s government and his opponents that they had a joint responsibility to end a conflict that had killed hundreds of thousands and displaced millions.
“The Syrian people desperately all want an end to this conflict and you all know it,” he said.
“You are the first ones to tell us it. They are waiting for a relief from their own suffering and dream of a new road out of this nightmare to a new and normal future in dignity.”
Describing the negotiations as an uphill task, he said they would center on U.N. Security Council resolution 2254 which calls for a new constitution, U.N.-supervised elections and transparent and accountable governance.
He said a shaky ceasefire brokered by Russia, Turkey and Iran had opened a window of opportunity.
“The effort has jump-started the process ... to see if there is a political road forward and we don’t want to miss this opportunity.”
Neither delegation clapped the speech by de Mistura, who went to shake hands with both sides after his opening remarks. Even as he warmly embraced the opposition delegates, the government group were walking out of the room and did not turn back.
“We need direct talks to create empathy and trust in both sides. We still don’t know if it will be direct or proximity talks, but the government has given no indication it wants to talk directly which inevitably shows how little they are committed to this process,” a Western diplomat said.
The ceasefire - which excludes hardline jihadists such as Islamic State - was implemented after separate talks in Kazakhstan’s capital Astana, brokered by Russia, Turkey and Iran.
But fighting continued even as the peace talks resumed, with Syrian jets bombing rebel-held areas of Aleppo, Deraa and Hama provinces and insurgents firing rockets at government targets.
The lead negotiator for the opposition - which is still fractured and does not have a completely unified delegation - said the Geneva talks should prioritize finding a political transition, something he said Assad’s side did not want.
“If Staffan is serious he has to stick to the first subject in the agenda which is a political transition that is acceptable to the Syrian people,” Nasr al-Hariri told reporters.
But Russia’s envoy to the United Nations in Geneva, Alexei Borodavkin, said demands from rebels and their Western and Arab backers for Assad to step down were “absurd”.
Hariri criticized the role played by Iran and Iranian-backed militias, which - with Russia - are vital Assad allies.
“Iran is the main obstacle to any kind of political deal,” Hariri said, accusing Tehran of being responsible for violations of the ceasefire.
A Gulf Arab diplomat said of the talks: “I’m not optimistic.”
De Mistura said the biggest challenge was lack of trust.
“We do know what will happen if we fail once again - more deaths more suffering, more terrorism, more refugees.”
Additional reporting by Stephanie Nebehay, Laila Bassam, Yara Abi Nader and Kinda Makieh in Damascus; Writing by Robin Pomeroy; Editing by Alison Williams
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. | <urn:uuid:3d0c7553-d1c1-4c91-9f84-48f56b293d0a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-un-idUSKBN16217C | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.96267 | 916 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Other Books in Series
This is book number 1 in the Norvelt Series series.
Dead End in Norvelt is the winner of the 2012 Newbery Medal for the year's best contribution to children's literature and the Scott O'Dell Award for Historical Fiction!
Melding the entirely true and the wildly fictional, Dead End in Norvelt is a novel about an incredible two months for a kid named Jack Gantos, whose plans for vacation excitement are shot down when he is "grounded for life" by his feuding parents, and whose nose spews bad blood at every little shock he gets. But plenty of excitement (and shocks) are coming Jack's way once his mom loans him out to help a feisty old neighbor with a most unusual chore—typewriting obituaries filled with stories about the people who founded his utopian town. As one obituary leads to another, Jack is launched on a strange adventure involving molten wax, Eleanor Roosevelt, twisted promises, a homemade airplane, Girl Scout cookies, a man on a trike, a dancing plague, voices from the past, Hells Angels . . . and possibly murder.
Endlessly surprising, this sly, sharp-edged narrative is the author at his very best, making readers laugh out loud at the most unexpected things in a dead-funny depiction of growing up in a slightly off-kilter place where the past is present, the present is confusing, and the future is completely up in the air.
About the Author
Jack Gantos has written books for people of all ages, from picture books and middle-grade fiction to novels for young adults and adults. His works include Hole in My Life, a memoir that won the Michael L. Printz and Robert F. Sibert Honors, Joey Pigza Swallowed the Key, a National Book Award Finalist, and Joey Pigza Loses Control, a Newbery Honor book. Jack was born in Mount Pleasant, Pennsylvania, and when he was seven, his family moved to Barbados. He attended British schools, where there was much emphasis on reading and writing, and teachers made learning a lot of fun. When the family moved to south Florida, he found his new classmates uninterested in their studies, and his teachers spent most of their time disciplining students. Jack retreated to an abandoned bookmobile (three flat tires and empty of books) parked out behind the sandy ball field, and read for most of the day. The seeds for Jack’s writing career were planted in sixth grade, when he read his sister’s diary and decided he could write better than she could. He begged his mother for a diary and began to collect anecdotes he overheard at school, mostly from standing outside the teachers’ lounge and listening to their lunchtime conversations. Later, he incorporated many of these anecdotes into stories. While in college, he and an illustrator friend, Nicole Rubel, began working on picture books. After a series of well-deserved rejections, they published their first book, Rotten Ralph, in 1976. It was a success and the beginning of Jack’s career as a professional writer. Jack continued to write children’s books and began to teach courses in children’s book writing and children’s literature. He developed the master’s degree program in children’s book writing at Emerson College and the Vermont College M.F.A. program for children’s book writers. He now devotes his time to writing books and educational speaking. He lives with his family in Boston, Massachusetts.
“This is a brilliant book, full of history, mystery, and laughs. It reminded me of my small-town childhood, although my small town was never as delightfully weird as Norvelt.” —Dave Barry
“* A bit of autobiography works its way into all of Gantos's work, but he one-ups himself in this wildly entertaining meld of truth and fiction by naming the main character . . . Jackie Gantos.” —Publishers Weekly, starred review
“A fast-paced and witty read.” —School Library Journal
“A more quietly (but still absurdly) funny and insightful account of a kid's growth, kin to Gantos's Jack stories, that will stealthily hook even resistant readers into the lure of history.” — Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books (BCCB)
“This winning novel, both humorous and heartwarming, takes place during the summer of 1962, when narrator Jack Gantos turns 12 and spends most of his days grounded. Jack's main ‘get out of jail free card,' and one of the novel's most charming characters, is Miss Volker. The blossoming of their friendship coincides with the blooming of Jack's character.” —Shelf Awareness Pro
“* There's more than laugh-out-loud gothic comedy here. This is a richly layered semi-autobiographical tale, an ode to a time and place, to history and the power of reading.” —The Horn Book, starred review
“Gantos, as always, delivers bushels of food for thought and plenty of outright guffaws.” —Booklist
“* An exhilarating summer marked by death, gore and fire sparks deep thoughts in a small-town lad not uncoincidentally named 'Jack Gantos.' The gore is all Jack's, which to his continuing embarrassment 'would spray out of my nose holes like dragon flames' whenever anything exciting or upsetting happens. And that would be on every other page, seemingly. . . . Characteristically provocative gothic comedy, with sublime undertones.” —Kirkus Reviews, starred review
“Nobody can tell a story like Jack Gantos can. And this is a story like no other. It's funny. It's thoughtful. It's history. It's weird. But you don't need me to attempt to describe it. Get in there and start reading Gantos.” —Jon Scieszka, founder of guysread.com and author of the Spaceheadz series | <urn:uuid:8a5f4baf-6cdb-4201-99ed-c301ff167f99> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.storybookcove.com/book/9781250010230 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.966876 | 1,291 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Prominent Global-Warming Skeptic Becomes Believer After 2-Year Study
I doubt this will change many people’s opinion, but it is interesting because it involves processing actual data. When it comes to movies, music, politics and things of that nature I generally don’t get too emotional about people’s opinion as everyone has a right to their own.
When it comes to opinions based on some factual data, then I do tend to take interest in what people more educated than myself are lead to believe. Global warning has been a hot topic recently so this study caught my eye, especially when I saw who conducted it.
A prominent physicist and skeptic of global warming spent two years trying to find out if mainstream climate scientists were wrong. In the end, he determined they were right: Temperatures really are rising rapidly.
The study of the world’s surface temperatures by Richard Muller was partially bankrolled by a foundation connected to global warming deniers. He pursued long-held skeptic theories in analyzing the data. He was spurred to action because of “Climategate,” a British scandal involving hacked e-mails of scientists.
Yet he found that the land is 1.6 degrees Fahrenheit warmer than in the 1950s. Those numbers from Muller, who works at the University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, match those by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and NASA.
He said he went even further back, studying readings from Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson. His ultimate finding of a warming world, to be presented at a conference today, is no different from what mainstream climate scientists have been saying for decades.
What’s different, and why everyone from opinion columnists to cable TV’s satirical “The Daily Show” is paying attention is who is behind the study.
One-quarter of the $600,000 to do the research came from the Charles Koch Foundation, whose founder is a major funder of skeptic groups and the conservative Tea Party movement. The Koch brothers, Charles and David, run a large privately held company involved in oil and other industries, producing sizable greenhouse gas emissions | <urn:uuid:19b35e4b-6639-4fb0-9eec-d30e7bcfe163> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://kkcb.com/prominent-global-warming-skeptic-becomes-believer-after-2-year-study/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721174.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00283-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957152 | 445 | 2.046875 | 2 |
The lights are on
Veteran Member - Level 13
Would it be safe to say that iOS is the red-headed step child of the gaming world? Apple's success with the App Store and the iPhone is one of those things where you either love it or hate it. Actually, anything from Apple seems to polarize most consumers. We all know the stereotypes about the typical Apple loyalist. They live in a smug little bubble where their computers run perfectly at all times, never suffer viruses and each release of Apple hardware is an international event that would rival the Super Bowl, maybe even the Olympics.
A long history of steep pricing has also made the Apple club a fairly exclusive one. Even if you could afford to join, one could never be sure what would be the incentive to do so. Why spend $2,000 on a Macbook in a world of $300 - $1000 laptops? Why buy an iPod when there are literally hundreds of MP3 players that work just as well, and in some cases even better? Why, why, why? The answer has a childlike simplicity, but is not very satisfying. Apple understands the appeal of the seemingly unattainable.
The Exclusion Effect
We live in a peculiar world where we love the benefits of exclusivity, but despise exclusion and what appears to be discrimination. It's easy to scoff at people who live in gated communities and view them as ridiculous. That is, until you live in one. Then, you get it. It's comfortable. It feels safe. And one can rest easily at night, assured that they are surrounded by productive, peaceful, pleasant citizens, and all the "bad things" and stuff you have to worry about is outside. Whether that is actually the truth or not is irrelevant. The truth is that fences and gates offer the illusion of safety and protection.
I didn't really get this until I bought my first Apple product, an iPod Touch. The wall around Apple users has always been built from a numbers of things. Exclusive software, exclusive hardware components, prohibitive pricing, and until recently, only being available through exclusive Apple stores and outlets. Even now, the customer who frequently visits an Apple Store is not likely to shop the electronics department of Walmart or Target.
It's a brilliant strategy. And considering that Apple was the underdog in the technology world for a long time, it makes complete sense. There are entire cultures that have overcome being marginalized by closing their ranks and limiting access to their most valuable treasures. It might be argued that this is what fueled America's love for so many, many things from all over the world. Martial arts, Ninjas and Kung Fu flicks from the far east. Blues, Jazz and Soul Food from urban America. I could go on, but you get the point. What's ironic is that Apple has become it's own cultural entity as much as any other that you might think of.
Back to my point. So I bought an iPod Touch. And as I opened the packaging and explored my new toy, I swear to you that HALF of the happiness I felt was from finally owning something that was at least for a time unattainable. It wasn't an iMac or even a Macbook, but it didn't have to be. It was an Apple product and now, I was officially part of the club.
That pride was rewarded and reinforced once I ventured onto iTunes and explored the mind-blowing collection of Apps available. And let me explain this. There is no feeling like coming from being a loyal Gameboy/Sony PSP gamer and being accustomed to paying anywhere between $20-40 for a single game, then finding that you can now buy all the games your heart desires for less than $10 each.
I know, I know, I know. I already know what many of you are thinking. "Too bad half of those Apps are complete junk and could never compete with a REAL game with REAL controls!!!" I can think of few other companies that have riled up the rank and file of traditional console gamers as much as Apple has. But if you really step back and look at what Apple did, you'll understand the genius of their approach.
When's the last time you saw a companies stock do this?
People Love Free $#*%!
If you throw an abundance of anything at people for dirt cheap, it doesn't matter what it is, they will be all over it. There are few things people love more than a bargain, or... getting access to something they believe to be exclusive. It's that feeling you have when you've stumbled upon a secret that gives you a clear advantage over every other poor schlup. No, I'm not saying owning an Apple product makes you superior. I'm saying that they've done a fantastic job of marketing that illusion.
But Apple's cleverness didn't stop with flooding iTunes with cheap software. They made the iOS platform into a nice comfy campground for budding developer's. Inexpensive to begin, easy to use, and fairly liberal standards, Apple had set the table, poured the wine, lit the candles and was eager to be gamer's new sweetheart.
The Free To Play Juggernaut
Nowadays, everybody is talking about free-to-play and how it's going to forever change the gaming world. Maybe. Maybe not. But a simple glance at how the traditional free-to-play business models have worked makes it clear why developer's have cozied up to the idea. You can try to sell a limited number of people your software at a one-time set price, or you can nickel and dime them for that same product with no forseeable end to that revenue stream. Which would you pick?
Now when you think about free-to-play, you have to think about Apple. Companies like Zynga may have been amongst the first to offer such software, but look at where Zynga is now? A good portion of the casual/free-to-play development scene was linked to Facebook. When Facebook's fortunes took a turn for the worse, developer's were scattered about like war-time refugees. And where did they run to for safety? The safe, seemingly unbreachable walls of Apple. Apple was all too eager to let them in, knowing they would harvest a considerable amount of talent in the process.
Apple's rise in the gaming world actually mirrors strategies that have been used in the world of politics. They leveraged their perception as an underdog along with their clannish community to create demand for their products. They have shown an uncanny understanding of what will motivate people to buy hardware and software. Even in a world of annual hardware revisions and even more frequent software updates, people still clamor to have the latest Apple whatever. Other companies may half-heartedly commit themselves to competing with Apple on price, hardware designs, etcetera, but few of them understand the social aspect of mobile gaming the way Apple has.
No iPad, no! Those Androids aren't you're friends! Watch out!!!!
It will be interesting to see how Apple fairs in the coming years. So many things have changed that were previously important factors in their success. They are no longer underdogs by any means. They are no longer as exclusive as they used to be. And whereas, many consumers might have assumed that Apple products were somehow superior due to their higher costs, few are likely to believe that now. Google, Samsung and others seemed to have joined forces with a commitment to knocking Apple from it's lofty perch, and they are having some success. The new Nexus 10 tablet is reported to be technically superior to the iPad in nearly every way. Could Apple's rocket like trajectory be tapering off? It will definitely be fun to watch it play out. | <urn:uuid:747039d4-8df0-4bac-9167-3ba9d151ec92> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gameinformer.com/blogs/members/b/mbellacio_blog/archive/2012/11/19/understanding-the-success-of-ios-gaming.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00136-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97791 | 1,597 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Although the Moon is so far the only celestial body other than Earth on which a human being has ever walked, the topography of its surface has not been studied comprehensively. This is why NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) has been orbiting the Moon since June 2009, using a wide-angle camera to digitally record its cratered surface.
Please enter the characters from the image above.
All fields marked with * are mandatory.
Back to article
DLR respects the confidentiality of your details and will not pass them on to third parties. | <urn:uuid:1f78c30c-1157-4fa5-87d2-19504c46b03d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dlr.de/dlr/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-10081/151_read-2065/year-2011/sendafriend-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00157-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95878 | 114 | 3.625 | 4 |
Discover IXIQ.Ai | IXICO's AI-Based Brain Segmentation Platform
What is IXIQ.Ai? Find out from our Chief Scientific Officer Robin Wolz
This month, we launch into production on its first clinical trials. IXIQ.Ai is the next generation of our technology platform which we have been developing for more than a decade.
With novel deep-learning AI tools and the increasing numbers of curated datasets at our disposal, we can now automate the accurate measurement of some of the most complex brain structures that play a key role in understanding neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Huntington’s disease.
Our Chief Scientific Officer, Dr Robin Wolz, has led the development of IXIQ.Ai with our science team for the last two years. We spoke to him about the evolution of the new platform, the process his team have gone through, and the exciting potential for clinical and healthcare applications both now and in the future.
Robin, what exactly is IXIQ.Ai?
First, a lot of people don’t realise IXICO stands for Information eXtraction from Imaging. And the ‘Q’ in IXIQ.Ai stands for Quantitative.
In summary, IXIQ.Ai is an AI-based platform for brain segmentation. It gives our development engineers an agile infrastructure which enables us to efficiently and rapidly deploy imaging analysis solutions.
IXIQ.Ai can be trained on a specific problem by feeding the platform with training data for a specific brain region in a specific therapeutic indication. We call the resulting algorithm a ‘plugin’ that can be deployed on our data management system, TrialTracker, to perform analysis on clinical trial data.
Taking Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and Huntington’s Disease (HD) as examples, there are different brain regions relevant in the two indications, and we need to train the platform on data from the specific population. Taking young, healthy subjects wouldn’t work as well as it wouldn’t be able to learn the patterns of neurodegeneration observed in the different patient populations.
Currently, the platform is pre-trained on our extensive database of clinical trial and natural history datasets across several CNS indications. Through the pre-trained models in the IXIQ.Ai platform infrastructure, plugins can be trained with a reduced number of highly curated datasets to obtain an optimised solution for a specific segmentation problem.
The validation we have performed over the past years in developing plugins for HD and AD has demonstrated IXIQ.Ai offers lower QC failure rates and reduced volume error relative to manual raters when compared to widely used tools. This means more data can be analysed in a clinical trial with increased accuracy.
How long has IXIQ.Ai been in development?
We have been working on this specific project for around two years with a dedicated team of engineers – though it builds on the expertise, know-how and data we have collected at IXICO over more than a decade.
What did the development process for IXIQ.Ai look like?
As we are so closely embedded within the ecosystem of Central Nervous System (CNS) clinical research, we have been all too aware of the shortcomings of more traditional analysis techniques – especially when it comes to the segmentation of more complex brain structures.
Particularly in HD, the striatal regions of the brain are very difficult to segment because there is a very low contrast between those regions and the surrounding brain tissue. Even for a manual rater it’s not straightforward, and this is where traditional techniques fall short.
Our development process for IXIQ.Ai had three key stages:
- Development of the hardware and software infrastructure to perform image segmentation based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) at scale. In this phase, our technology team set up the server infrastructure, specifically the Graphic Processing Units (GPUs) which are the computer processors used to solve neural networks. We then built the software infrastructure (the neural network architecture) that forms the core of the IXIQ.Ai platform and that can take data in to train specific plugins.
- Curation of datasets in our core indications to train the platform on specific instances. Over the past 5-10 years we have built up a database of clinical trial and natural history datasets across the core indications we work in. Leveraging this data to train IXIQ.Ai plugins requires curation and annotation of the data. As part of the development process, we have now completed this for our AD and HD datasets.
- Validation of the developed instances with our academic and pharma partners. Once development of the AD and HD plugins was completed, significant effort went into validating the new technology with our academic and pharma partners to show how IXIQ.Ai increases performance over currently available tools. We have jointly presented those results at numerous conferences with our collaborators.
We are looking forward to presenting further findings with our academic and pharma partners at the CHDI 17th Annual HD Therapeutics Conference in Palm Springs, California, as well as the 15th ADPD Conference in Barcelona, Spain.
How is IXIQ.Ai an evolution from LEAP?
IXIQ.Ai enables us to measure things we couldn’t measure before. It sets a new standard compared to LEAP and other widely used platforms such as FreeSurfer. We set new standards with LEAP 10 years ago, and now we’re raising that standard again.
The main advantages of IXIQ.Ai over traditional machine learning techniques are:
- CNN-based approaches offer an increased ability to ‘learn’ more subtle or challenging data patterns. In practical terms, this makes the platform applicable to more difficult-to-measure brain structures like the putamen in HD.
- A significant reduction in compute time to analyse one scan (seconds vs hours). Traditional tools like FreeSurfer and LEAP run for several hours to segment the brain. IXIQ.Ai takes seconds to minutes to perform the same task, which is an incredible difference. This significantly shortens our development cycles, as the time reduction in analyzing hundreds of data sets is huge, as well as allowing for more efficient deployment in production. This opens up a wealth of potential opportunities for clinical application where real-time processing is a requirement.
How is IXIQ.Ai different to what's out there already?
The concept of a neural network-based approach is not new or exclusive to IXIQ.Ai. Beyond the optimisation of such an approach to 3D brain segmentation, a key value lies in the combination of this approach with the data we have collected which is essential to train the platform.
You might have heard people say, “Data is the new oil” or “Data is the new source code” and that’s absolutely right. When you have the data, you can develop a proprietary algorithm that becomes your ‘secret sauce’.
Our team has spent the last decade collecting and curating a vast number of unique datasets from clinical trial and natural history studies which we have the rights to use as part of our R&D efforts. It is this highly curated and contextualised data which allows us to unlock the full potential of the underlying AI architecture.
What are the clinical applications of IXIQ.Ai in your key therapeutic areas?
IXIQ.Ai provides volumetric segmentation in different brain regions affected in different therapeutic indications, such as the hippocampus and ventricles in AD and the putamen and caudate in HD.
The fact that we can measure volumes in those brain regions enables us to determine patient eligibility criteria for clinical trials. For example, in studies where the drug is administered directly to the brain, we need to understand the size of the brain structure before drug administration.
The platform can also map changes to brain volumes over time, allowing us to measure the long-term efficacy of treatments more accurately. For example, with AD, the hippocampus – which is responsible for short term memory – shrinks, therefore you would expect an efficacious drug to slow that progression and result in a decline in shrinkage. Such changes can be tracked with IXIQ.Ai.
What is the key impact you hope IXIQ.Ai will make in clinical research, and for patients?
With IXIQ.Ai we have a higher chance of identifying a treatment effect in a clinical trial. As we can analyse more data, we gain more statistical power and a more accurate measurement. The platform is sensitive to small changes, and we can look at brain regions that we couldn’t previously because we couldn’t measure them accurately in an automated way. We also expect it will give us additional biomarkers to analyze.
We hope an improved imaging measure will contribute to expediting the drug development process and therefore play an important role in making new and effective treatments available sooner for patients with neurodegenerative diseases.
Want more information on IXIQ.Ai?
To request further information or to arrange a demonstration, please contact Chris Hamilton (SVP Commercial) at email@example.com | <urn:uuid:89e8ce22-c866-4caf-825f-aeb5fa35a914> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ixico.com/news-and-resources/blog/discover-ixiq-ai-ixicos-ai-based-brain-segmentation-platform/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.935306 | 1,898 | 1.789063 | 2 |
USDA 2012 Acreage Report: Corn Planted Acreage Up 5% From 2011; Soybean Acreage Up 1%; All Wheat Acreage Up 3%
Date Posted: June 29, 2012
Corn planted area for all purposes in 2012 is estimated at 96.4 million acres, up 5 percent from last year and represents the highest planted acreage in the United States since 1937 when an estimated 97.2 million acres were planted.
Growers expect to harvest 88.9 million acres for grain, up 6 percent from last year.
Soybean planted area for 2012 is estimated at 76.1 million acres, up 1 percent from last year and is the third highest on record.
Area for harvest, at 75.3 million acres, is up 2 percent from 2011. Record high planted acreage is estimated in New York, North Dakota, and Pennsylvania, and the planted area in South Dakota ties the previous record high.
All wheat planted area is estimated at 56.0 million acres, up 3 percent from 2011.
The 2012 winter wheat planted area, at 41.8 million acres, is up 3 percent from last year and up slightly from the previous estimate.
Of this total, about 30.0 million acres are Hard Red Winter, 8.3 million acres are Soft Red Winter, and 3.5 million acres are White Winter.
Area planted to other spring wheat for 2012 is estimated at 12.0 million acres, down 3 percent from 2011.
Of this total, about 11.4 million acres are Hard Red Spring wheat.
Durum planted area for 2012 is estimated at 2.20 million acres, up 61 percent from the previous year.
For more information, call 800-727-9540. | <urn:uuid:25dcf67b-8a99-45b7-bc99-275f0be4cf95> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.grainnet.com/article.php?ID=124144 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00089-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908144 | 358 | 2.5 | 2 |
Biology textbooks are riddled with passages relating how bad humans are at perceiving odors. As the oft-quoted statistic goes, humans can only perceive "10,000 odors" — a number that sits particularly well with some dog-lovers, who like to remind us that canines have 300 million odor receptors, while we only sport 6 million. But a new study published today in Science reveals that humans might not be as olfactorily challenged as we once thought because, as it turns out, we can perceive more than 1 trillion odors — and that's the conservative estimate.
To find out how many odors we can distinguish, researchers asked 26 participants to put their noses to the test. During each experiment, study participants were asked to smell the contents of three vials that the scientists had mixed themselves using 128 different odor molecules. Two of the vials contained the same mixture, while one did not. The participants' task was to identify the odd mixture. Then, using the statistics obtained during the tests, the researchers were able to determine that people can distinguish two odors when their components differ by more than half.
In other words, if less than 50 percent of the molecules that make up two odors are identical, your nose will be able to tell.
Billions of odorous molecules in existence
Armed with this information, the researchers decided to do a little math: if they could calculate how many different types of odor mixtures on the planet differ in their components by more than half, then they would also be able to determine how many odors we can perceive. Of course, that task would have been nearly impossible because there are billions of different odorous molecules in existence. So, the scientists decided to limit the math to mixtures containing up to 30 different molecules. The number "1 trillion" therefore embodies the number of odors you can create by mixing 10, 20 and 30 molecules belonging to a source batch of 128.
As study co-author and neuroscientist Andreas Keller put it in an email to The Verge, the number "doesn't reflect the entire odor universe." But it does give us a much better idea of what humans can actually sniff out. | <urn:uuid:916cc04c-81c7-48d5-86bc-5708b997f072> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theverge.com/2014/3/20/5529232/humans-can-distinguish-more-than-1-trillion-odors | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.962235 | 448 | 3.765625 | 4 |
A domesticated carnivorous mammal Canis familiaris synFamiliaris occurring as a wide variety of breeds many of which are traditionally used for hunting herding drawing sleds and other tasks and are kept as pets.
Air Cools and clears chips but has no lubricity purposeAir coolant does not cool as efficiently as water or oilbased coolantsFor more sensitive materials air coolant is often preferred over types that come in direct contact with the partThis is true with many plastics where thermal shock 8211 or rapid expansion and contraction of a part 8211 can occur if direct coolant is applied.
Aug 23 2020nbsp018332CNC MachiningChipblaster Standalone Coolant ChillersPost 3609316 Results 1 to 1 of 1 Thread Chipblaster Standalone Coolant ChillersShow Printable Version 08232020 0942 PM 1View Profile View Forum Posts Visit Homepage Diamond Join Date Jan 2010 Location Gilroy CA Posts 4428 Post Thanks Like.
CNC Boring Mills are used in a variety of large scale manufacturing industries such as the oil field industry the automotive industry the aerospace industry the ship building industry as well as the freight train industryThere are many manufacturers of CNC Boring Mills such as Giddings amp Lewis G amp L Toshiba Scharman Bullard and CincinnatiG amp L has been making CNC Boring Mills for about 100 yearsThese mills are known as heavyduty high quality heavy metal removal types of machinery.
CNC Spindle water chiller is a circulating water chiller suitable for cooling spindle equipment.
Computer Numerical Control Software CNC Computeraided Design and Computeraided Manufacturing SoftwareMachine Vision Software Mailing and Shipping Software.
Coolant Chillers Modern CNC machines involve high spindle speeds and fast material removal rates which generate a lot of heatThis heat is directly added to the cutting fluidcoolant associated during the processThe high temperature is not advisable as it can cause the following problems.
Dec 04 2006nbsp018332But they will need to keep the coolant circulating as much as possible in order to keep the machine slides warmIf this is a slant bed lathe or a lathe with a vertical Xaxis thermal displacement is going to be a problem even with a coolant chillerA glass scale properly applied to the Xaxis may help.
Depending on the conditions of the system the makeup of the cutting fluid and the particulars of the machining process bubbles can form in the fluidIn some instances these bubbles can impede the view of the operation and worse hamper the effectiveness of the fluid to carry off heat.
Feb 21 2018nbsp018332ChipBLASTER in Northwestern PAcreates highpressure coolant system parts such as the Stand Alone Chiller which has a builtin coolant chillerHigh Pressure Coolant Testimonials Test CutsHigh pressure coolant for screw machinesUp to 8 outlets and available up to 3000 PSI 210 BAR MistBLASTER.
Find materials components equipment MRO supplies and more.
Hersteller LM 04018 Industrial Water Chiller 480V From a SW North America CNC99 shipping shipping shippingPegasus CNC Industrial Sewing Machines CNC SINGER Industrial Sewing Machines Adler CNC Industrial Sewing Machines CNC PFAFF Industrial Sewing Machines Additional site navigation.
High Pressure Similar to flood coolant but delivered in greater than 1000 psiThis is a great option for chip removal and evacuation as it blasts the chips away from the partWhile this method will effectively cool a part immediately the pressure can be high enough to break miniature diameter toolingThis method is used often in deep pocket or drilling operations and can be delivered via coolant through tooling or coolantnbspgroovesnbspbuilt into the tool itself.
Hole Popper EDMs are used to make holes in your materialThese machines are quicker than Ram or Sinker EDMs for producing holesMitsubishi Sodick and Charmilles are a few brands who carry Hole Poppers EDMsCheck our website frequently to see the variety of EDMs we have.
deals with many different types of EDM Electric Discharge Machines including Wire EDMsWe carry several brands and have a variety of different options such as Sodick Fanuc Agie Mitsubishi and CharmillesYou can get these machines with options like threaders choppers chillers and several different wire sizesWith wire EDMs you feed a wire from one spool to the next and at the same time move the axis to cut a form in the materialCapital Equipment has machines from 3axis up to 5axis wire EDMs to select from.
Minimum Quantity Lubricant MQL Every machine shop focuses on how to gain a competitive advantage 8211 to spend less make more and boost shop efficiencyThat8217s why many shops are opting for MQL along with its obvious environmental benefitsUsing only the necessary amount of coolant will dramatically reduce costs and wasted materialThis type of lubricant is applied as an aerosol or an extremely fine mist to provide just enough coolant to perform a given operation effectively.
Modern CNC machines involve high spindle speeds and fast material removal rates which generate a lot of heatThis heat is directly added to the cutting fluidcoolant associated during the processAdvance Cooling Coolant Chillers are used to maintain precise coolant temperature by rapidly rejecting the heat which added during the machining.
Sometimes foaming will occur in a machine that has not had problems in the pastMany users report cleaning out the chip screen and filters to alleviate the condition as a clogged screen can diminish flow to the pump and cause it to suck in air.
Stay up to date on industry news and trends product announcements and the latest innovations.
0litre horizontallyopposed or boxer fourcylinder turbodiesel engineFor Australia the EE20 diesel engine was first offered in the Subaru BR Outback in 2009 and subsequently powered the Subaru SH Forester SJ Forester and BS Outback.
The project will purchase ICA USAs AROMACUP singleserve pod machineSivana Converting The project will rehabilitate the offices and manufacturing space of a100 year old textile mill in Sunbury PA in order to handle large equipment and employeesImprovements to floors walls lighting electrical and HVAC systems are planned as part of.
This article presented a brief discussion of the phenomenon of CNC coolant foaming and some methodssolutions for dealing with itFor more information on related products consult our other guides or visit the Thomas Supplier Discovery Platform to locate potential sources of supply or view details on specific products.
Turmoil offers a complete line of oil and coolant coolers for many machine tools EDM and high speed spindlesTurmoil is a US manufacturer of industrial liquid chillersWe are completely familiar with the challenges of achieving precise temperature control while minimizing downtime in a harsh industrial.
Vertical Machining Centers VMC are used for making a variety of metal products including Aerospace Products Computer Products Automobile Products as well as Bicycle partsVMC’s are also used for manufacturing many electronic components plumbing products and appliances just to name a few.
VMC’s are also used for manufacturing many electronic components plumbing products and appliances just to name a few.
Copyright © 2021 Zilong Laboratory Machinery Company All rights reserved sitemap | <urn:uuid:c76791be-a2e1-4759-94de-53e7c7996a29> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.beruehrungspunkt-uckermark.de/cooling-chiller/cnc-machine-coolant-chillers.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.911437 | 1,490 | 2.28125 | 2 |
"Boyer and Merzbach distill thousands of years of mathematics into this fascinating chronicle. From the Greeks to Godel, the mathematics is brilliant; the cast of characters is distinguished; the ebb and flow of ideas is everywhere evident. And, while tracing the development of European mathematics, the authors do not overlook the contributions of Chinese, Indian, and Arabic civilizations. Without doubt, this is-and will long remain-a classic one-volume history of mathematics and mathematicians who create it." -William Dunham Author, Journey Through Genius, The Great Theorems of Mathematics "When we read a book like A History of Mathematics, we get the picture of a mounting structure, ever taller and broader and more beautiful and magnificent-and with a foundation, moreover, that is as untainted and as functional now as it was when Thales worked out the first geometrical theorems nearly 26 centuries ago." -From the Foreword by Isaac Asimov "One of the most useful and comprehensive general introductions to the subject." -J. W. Dauben The City University of New York "Both readable and scholarly, this book can serve as a fine introduction to the topic and also a reference book." -J. David Bolter University of North Carolina Author of Turing's Man Revised to make it more accessible to a general audience, A History of Mathematics paints a vivid picture of humankind's relationship with numbers. Updated and expanded, it now offers broadened coverage of twentieth century advances in probability and computers, and updated references to further reading. A feature that will be of interest to every reader is an appendix containing an extensive chronological table of mathematical and general historical developments. | <urn:uuid:66561b61-1eca-44d5-86b4-b7dae5221845> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ecampus.com/history-mathematics-2nd-edition-2nd-carl-b/bk/9780471543978 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721555.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00180-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915372 | 338 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Filter press and decanter centrifuge are common solid-liquid separation equipment, the quantity is very large, GN discusses with you the technical advantages of solid-liquid separation production line machine from filter press to decanter centrifuge:
- Decanter centrifuge without filtering medium
Filter press pressure filtration of filter medium (filter) to separate solid and liquid, need to use high pressure water to avoid filter belt obstruction; decanter centrifuge high speed rotation to produce centrifugal position to separate solid-liquid centrifugal settlement, It is not suitable for filter medium because of filter screen, which bypasses the common filter clogging problem in filter operation.
- Decanter centrifuge is widely applicable
Filter press can also most of the solid-liquid separation, but the oil, viscosity and other strong adhesion of solid-liquid separation needs pre-treatment and incomplete separation; decanter centrifuge separation adaptability, can achieve solid-liquid two-phase separation and solid-liquid three-phase separation, better adaptability to solid-liquid separation.
- Automation of production line of decanter centrifuge
Filter press is intermittent operation of manual cutting slag, loading and unloading belong to intermittent operation most or need manual coordination is not conducive to the formation of automatic production line to improve production efficiency; decanter centrifuge can realize automatic loading and unloading continuous production automatic loading and unloading can form automatic production line production efficiency.
- Decanter centrifuge parameters adaptive adjustment ability
In the process of solid-liquid separation and dehydration, the belt filter is adjusted according to the working conditions, and the parameters such as speed, tension, dosage and flushing pressure often depend on the experience of the operator, which requires high operation technology.
- Low consumption of pre-treatment material for screw centrifuge
Because the filter filter media (mainly filter) mesh will not be very small, so the particle size should not be too small, small particle size should be added a lot of flocculant complex to synthesize large groups to facilitate filtration, which results in the consumption of additional pretreatment materials In decanter centrifuge, fine sludge can also be separated from water, so the dosage of flocculant is less, saving material input and reducing production cost；
- Decanter centrifuge production line environment is good
In addition to the main filter press, the filter press also needs to add medicine and feed conveyor to flush pump air compressor and other ancillary equipment, covering a large area, the whole machine is difficult to airtight, high pressure cleaning water mist and odor pollution environment, poor production line environment; decanter centrifuge covers a small area of high efficiency, supporting equipment simple complete machine seal operation, workshop environment is good
- Low maintenance requirements for decanter centrifuge
The number of easily damaged parts in the fuselage accessories of filter press is many times that of centrifuge. Maintenance is not only labor intensity but also high cost.
It can be seen from the above comparison that the comparison of decanter centrifuge with filter press under the same processing conditions has great technical advantages, and solid-liquid separation from filter press to decanter centrifuge is the trend of development. | <urn:uuid:64dd209e-8217-4e3b-92ab-a783bcc9ae3d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://drillwastemanagement.com/2020/12/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.87988 | 671 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Google cloud platform (GCP) provides RDBMS (Relational Database Management Service), Cloud SQL fully managed highly available service. As per the google documentation it is highly available but a good software design always prepares for failure.
Consider a scenario in which your server fails from that zone. To handle this situation, when cloud SQL enabled on an instance it provides data redundancy across more than one zone in single region. Does this means you are safe now? Your primacy Cloud SQL instance fails, it will automatically fail over to your standby instance within a region in different zone without any intervention, and your client application will continue as expected.
But what will happen if entire region fails which takes all your Cloud SQL instances (Primacy as well as standby). I know regional failures are rare but organization should always be prepared for any worst case scenario. Regional failure can be a service failure - situation in which specific service faces an issue that can cause all the services in the region goes down.
How can we protect data against region failure, very high level of redundancy is required. Now instead of relying on single region, need to define cross-region high availability.
- Cloud SQL’s Regional High Availability
- Cross-Region High Availability
Cloud SQL’s Regional High Availability
To Make Cloud SQL's regional deployment highly available, primacy instance exists in one GCP zone and a standby instance exists in another zone. Through synchronous replication to each zones persistence disk, all writes made to primary and also in the standby instance. This configuration helps from zonal graceful failure to standby instance. In this case data will be available to client application without any interruption.
Cross-Region High Availability
Cloud SQL's regional high availability can be upgraded to cross-region high availability simply by provisioning a read replica in another region.
In order to have the ability to fail over to a different GCP Region in a Disaster Recovery scenario, at least one Cloud SQL read replica must be provisioned in a separate GCP Region prior to an incident.
Make sure don't forget to configure cloud monitoring alerts on instances. This will notify as soon as instances are offline.
Even after configuring cloud monitoring how you will decide when to conduct cross-region failover? ... Click Here
Even though GCP offers fully managed highly available Cloud SQL service, but this feature is limited to the GCP region that the instance resides in. For critical applications, a higher level of resiliency is recommended. In this situation organization can decide to move on the global database option (GCP cloud spanner) or use automation script which help then to recover from cloud SQL regional failure in less than 30 min. | <urn:uuid:e490c95c-516f-4941-879e-a156bf47b257> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://arihantinfosys.com/2022/03/23/cloudsql-to-cloudsql-replication/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.888355 | 545 | 1.882813 | 2 |
Customer Satisfaction, Efficiency, and Capital Structure as Determinants of Performance Transportation Companies in Indonesia
This study aimed to describe the influence of customer satisfaction, efficiency and optimal capital structure to the increase of the performance of transportation companies in Indonesia. The study was designed in the relationship between variables. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD) and the website of 22 companies that were used as samples for 3 years. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics analysis to test the hypothesis. The result showed that the efficiency affected customer satisfaction and was reflected in the sales growth of the company. However, it did not have an impact on the level of capital structure as reflected in DER and the performance which reflected in ROA. We also found that there was an indirect effect on the efficiency of the capital structure and performance through customer satisfaction. We also found that there is a significant indirect influence on the efficiency and the performance through customer satisfaction and capital structure. Customer satisfaction capital affects the structure. When customer satisfaction is high, which is reflected in higher sales growth aspect, it will have an impact on the high capital structure, which is reflected in DER. The result shows that customer satisfaction has an effect on the performance. When customer satisfaction is high, which is reflected in higher sales growth aspect, it will have an impact on the high performance, which is reflected in aspects of ROA. The result also indicates that capital structure affects the performance. When a capital structure is high, which is reflected by the high DER aspects, it will impact on the high performance, which is reflected on aspects of ROA.
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences ISSN 2039-9340(Print) ISSN 2039-2117(Online)
Copyright © MCSER-Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research
To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the 'mcser.org' domain to your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.. | <urn:uuid:1cff0157-1648-436b-aa7b-eb867113d34d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mcser.org/journal/index.php/mjss/article/view/9670 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00049-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947387 | 446 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Oracle’s Larry Ellison, a chief executive not known for being timid, has thrown a big boulder into a small pond with his company’s hostile takeover bid for PeopleSoft. The ripples will be rocking companies in the business software industry for some time to come.
Wharton faculty members say Oracle’s bid to acquire PeopleSoft reflects several realities: Ellison’s penchant for the dramatic and the inevitable forces of consolidation that arise when industries begin to mature, as is happening with companies that sell business software. What is unclear, the faculty members say, is exactly why the proposed deal was initiated and whether there is a reasonable chance the two firms can be consolidated successfully. They also say it is unusual that Oracle did not offer more money for PeopleSoft – which historically has been the case in most attempted hostile takeovers – and that Oracle’s less-than-stellar offer may leave PeopleSoft shareholders looking for a white knight to come to the rescue with a better deal.
In the end, securities analysts, software customers and other observers may need an oracle of their own to figure out how this hardball move by Ellison will reconfigure a $36 billion industry that is somewhat obscure and does not quite capture the imagination of the public, yet is nonetheless important, lucrative and growing. Raw emotions could play a big role in the days to come, given that the enterprise software companies comprise a tightly knit group where everyone seems to know everyone else and personalities and friction are often not far from the surface, according to the Wharton experts.
“There’s some debate as to whether Oracle is truly serious about acquiring PeopleSoft or if it made its bid just to be a spoiler to fend off [a previously announced merger of PeopleSoft with J.D. Edwards, a Denver company],” says Morris Cohen, professor of operations and information management. Cohen says a successful bid “would reduce competition and give Oracle access to a big piece of the market they don’t have.” If it turns out that the bid falls through, he adds, “What do they have to lose?”
“The key question is whether Oracle will be able to successfully integrate PeopleSoft, given the bad blood that is already there between the CEOs of the two companies,” says management professor Harbir Singh, who has done extensive studies of mergers and acquisitions. “Both companies have distinct cultures, so it wouldn’t be straightforward. Oracle is a good company with a strong tradition and PeopleSoft has its own independent tradition.”
Singh adds that earlier – friendlier – merger talks between PeopleSoft and Oracle collapsed, reportedly because PeopleSoft wished to retain its independence after a combination. “With that kind of history, the difficulty of integration becomes a real issue.”
Oracle’s unsolicited offer – launched on June 9 as a $16-per-share, $5.1 billion cash bid and sweetened on June 18 to $19.50 per share, or $6.3 billion – has already had wide-ranging effects and created a somewhat nasty atmosphere. PeopleSoft, of Pleasanton, Calif., announced on June 12 that its board voted unanimously to urge that shareholders reject the original $16-per-share offer. In a news release, PeopleSoft said the offer “dramatically undervalues” the company and that an acquisition “would undoubtedly face lengthy antitrust scrutiny, with a significant likelihood that approval would not be granted.” PeopleSoft also said that “a prolonged regulatory approval process, combined with Oracle’s public statements that it would discontinue PeopleSoft’s products, creates uncertainty for PeopleSoft’s customers, hindering the company’s momentum and negatively impacting the company’s financial performance.”
On June 14, PeopleSoft fired a legal salvo against Oracle by filing a lawsuit in Alameda (Calif.) County Superior Court seeking an injunction to block Oracle’s offer. The suit accused Oracle, of Redwood City, Calif., of a “sham tender offer aimed at destroying PeopleSoft’s business.” The suit alleged that Oracle’s bid has interfered with PeopleSoft’s agreement, announced June 2, to acquire J.D. Edwards to create the world’s second largest enterprise applications software company. PeopleSoft valued its proposed acquisition of Edwards at $1.7 billion.
Craig Conway, PeopleSoft’s president and chief executive, said in a news release: “By making an offer with the acknowledged intent of eliminating PeopleSoft’s business, Oracle seeks to disrupt PeopleSoft’s efforts to complete new sales, thus effectively damaging PeopleSoft’s business even if Oracle never buys a single share of PeopleSoft stock.” Conway, a former Oracle executive, said PeopleSoft would move forward with its acquisition of J.D. Edwards “despite Oracle’s unlawful efforts to destroy competition.” For its part, J.D. Edwards has endorsed PeopleSoft’s rejection of Oracle’s bid.
An Oracle spokesman has called PeopleSoft’s suit “frivolous,” saying PeopleSoft’s shareholders should be given the chance to consider the tender offer.
Oracle’s bid has had additional ramifications. For one thing, another maker of business software, Siebel Systems, of San Mateo. Calif., emerged in press reports as a possible takeover target. What’s more, J.D. Edwards on June 12 filed its own lawsuits, in California and Colorado, accusing Oracle of interfering with its merger with PeopleSoft. J.D. Edwards was seeking $1.7 billion in damages. Oracle said the suits had no merit.
Then, on June 16, PeopleSoft and J.D. Edwards announced that they have revised the terms of their agreement in an attempt to accelerate their merger and fight off Oracle’s bid for PeopleSoft. PeopleSoft said that the revamped offer would include $863 million in cash and increase the value of the deal to J.D. Edwards’ shareholders to about $1.75 billion. The original offer had been an all-stock deal.
While Oracle and PeopleSoft were exchanging barbs, SAP, the world’s leading business software company, launched an advertising campaign on June 12 to try to drum up business from customers of PeopleSoft and J.D. Edwards. Leo Apotheker, head of global field operations for SAP, based in Walldorf, Germany, told the Financial Times that his company was offering “an alternative” to customers of PeopleSoft and J.D. Edwards who may be feeling “massive uncertainty” about the futures of their software suppliers.
Ostensibly, Oracle wants to acquire PeopleSoft to become stronger in products where the company is now weak. Ellison has said that Silicon Valley is past its prime and that high-tech companies will have to consolidate to survive the coming shakeout. According to the Wall Street Journal, Ellison has been “quietly planning” to lead the consolidation. His focus is on business-applications software – programs that handle functions like finance, accounting and customer relationship management (CRM) – which is the kind of software PeopleSoft specializes in. But this kind of software is a weakness for Oracle. As the Journal puts it: “While [Oracle] is the largest maker of database software, which can store information on everything from airlines reservations to car parts, it has a mixed record” in competing with PeopleSoft, SAP and Siebel Systems in selling software programs that are more specialized.
But there may be more to Ellison’s maneuvering than acquiring some products that Oracle does not offer, according to the Wharton faculty members.
Echoing Cohen’s remarks, Singh says: “There are two different possible motives for Oracle. One is a positive story in which Oracle buys PeopleSoft to enhance its competitive position, because if PeopleSoft were to buy J.D. Edwards it would be ahead of Oracle and pose a threat to Oracle. In this scenario, Oracle gets new products, new customers and new employees, and keeps its number two position [behind SAP] in enterprise software. The possible negative motive is that Larry Ellison, who has a bit of a reputation for not being easy to get along with, is only doing this to grab the limelight and disrupt both J.D. Edwards and PeopleSoft. Customers don’t know whether they should continue to work with PeopleSoft and J.D. Edwards, so the two companies get frozen in position. Only time will tell which story is true.”
Thomas Lee, professor of operations and information management, says Ellison has a vision of ensuring that Oracle is, to a large extent, a vertically integrated company that is equipped to offer virtually any business software product or service to customers. What kind of customers? Not large, multinational corporations, which already have invested billions in enterprise software, according to Lee, but mid-size companies where the potential for growth is greatest.
“The thinking is, ‘We have to get it all in one house,’ and Ellison is trying to do that,” Lee says. He adds that Ellison could try to achieve vertical integration through “a combination of acquisitions, either of companies or people.” So far, he notes, Oracle “has not had a great track record with many of these middle-tier companies.”
Cohen agrees that Oracle wants to be all things to its customers. Cohen says he himself is involved in a company that uses business software and has had a chance to see first-hand how software vendors operate. “Vendors are trying to develop a full suite of enterprise applications and crowd out the best-of-breed. Oracle and SAP would like to dominate the market and be the only place you can buy software. Oracle wants to be the sole source of software for its customers. The [bid for PeopleSoft] is consistent with that [strategy]. Oracle already has a lot of power. Every time a new application is developed, you can freeze the market. This is an attempt to control all aspects of the market.”
A Lack of Synergies
Marketing professor Peter Fader says he sees a “lack of bona fide synergies” between Oracle and PeopleSoft. “My concern is: Will the Oracle/PeopleSoft combination make the entity stronger than their separate parts? I don’t see how. It’s one thing if Oracle said there were certain assets in PeopleSoft that will help the weak parts of Oracle, but nowhere in anything I’ve read has there been talk about how these are good puzzle pieces to put together.”
More broadly, Fader sees a lack of differentiation among the products and services offered by all makers of enterprise software. “Nowhere in the coverage of the Oracle story, or in people’s reaction to it, has anyone talked about the positioning or the unique angle that each of these companies has in the marketplace. I think that says an awful lot about this market. If you ask someone how Oracle is different from PeopleSoft, and how Oracle compares to SAP and Siebel, most people would say, ‘I don’t know.’ It’s almost as if these companies are selling a commodity product or service.”
In general, according to Fader, enterprise software has yet to see its promise fulfilled. Such software has become increasingly important as organizations seek to use the latest technologies to improve their performance and competitive position. Functional areas of companies – everything from supply chain management to sales force management, and financial systems to customer relationships – had their own software in the past and all were important to corporate operations.
But, more recently, the idea has been to put together a central platform to provide a view of how the parts work together across the whole enterprise, Fader explains. Some software has worked well and some companies have been able to carve out distinct positions in the kinds of products they offer. “SAP was highly regarded for supply chain management. Siebel was highly regarded for sales force management. But they’ve become blurred as these companies have attempted to be all things to all people. You don’t really see those strong positionings anymore and things end up being more of a commodity.”
Fader adds: “There were excessive expectations about how these different enterprise software programs would revolutionize business. Everyone thought this would fundamentally change the ways companies operate. CRM was supposed to be the next big thing and it hasn’t in any way met expectations. There is a bit of bloat on the part of these companies on the supply side and underperformance on the demand side.”
Consolidation is Coming
According to Fader, the enterprise-software industry will undergo consolidation. Moves like PeopleSoft’s planned merger with J.D. Edwards and Oracle’s bid for PeopleSoft are “inevitable in an industry that’s rapidly moving from a growth phase to a mature phase. That happens in all industries. As the party ends, and the market becomes a fixed pie, you start to see consolidation and fewer new entrants. But the interesting thing about this industry is how rapidly it happened. Two years ago this industry was where all the action was and it was thought no one could possibly fail because this kind of software was supposed to be the magic elixir. But it hasn’t turned out that way.”
As for whether the proposed takeover raises antitrust flags, Fader calls any such concern “a total non-issue. There are enough big players now and there still will be enough big players. Also, there’s no chance of any monopoly potential here. There are so many companies out there that don’t use any of these software providers … and so much upside potential for these providers to grow.”
Singh sees the issue of consolidation differently from Fader. “Ellison has said the industry is ripe for consolidation. It’s true that consolidation comes about in most industries that have gone from growth to maturation. But I don’t know if this is one of those moments. The reason I say that is the nature of the technologies underlying these enterprise solutions. Some of them could be disruptive, so you could conceivably always have new entries into the market and a shifting of market share as a result of changing technologies.”
Singh says enterprise software is “a fast-growing market and I think it will continue to grow. Electronic means of communication and decision support are still in the rollout process in organizations.”
As for Lee’s assertion that most of the growth going forward will be in the middle-tier market, Singh says that is only partly true. Noting that he is involved in a Wharton program that gives awards to companies engaged in transforming themselves, Singh says he has reviewed applications from many companies that creatively use information technologies.
“All kinds of corporations are trying to integrate information technologies and use enterprise solutions to capitalize on them. There will be more penetration in the middle-tier market but large companies are still [looking] for new and improved software.” Singh adds that Oracle itself supports the Linux operating system, a free system that is seen as a threat to Microsoft Windows. “This means there are new ways of configuring operating systems in companies, and solutions will continue to change and grow.”
Meanwhile, it’s too soon to say what will happen to Oracle’s bid, suggest the Wharton faculty. For one thing, Fader notes, it would be wrong to underestimate the unpredictable roles that egos and personal relationships will play in such a closely knit industry. PeopleSoft and Siebel Systems, for example, were started by former Oracle employees. Conway, the CEO of PeopleSoft, once worked for Ellison. SAP was launched by former IBM executives.
“If [Oracle’s bid] was ego-driven at the beginning, now it’s even worse, especially if people throw stones at each other,” adds Fader. “I think [Oracle’s bid] is a sign that this industry is in distress and is about to go through cataclysmic changes. A great deal of consolidation will occur.”
Before Oracle sweetened its bid on June 18, Singh said that the original offer was so low that it threatened to doom the acquisition attempt.
Cohen predicts that “Oracle will not get this deal and the original merger [of PeopleSoft and J.D. Edwards] will go through.”
If PeopleSoft and J.D. Edwards do merge, Lee says, it would be a good fit. “They’re both considered ERP [enterprise resource planning] players. PeopleSoft primarily focuses on human resources and management software and J.D. Edwards has a focus on financial and back-office software. A merger would reap benefits by making their combined customer base stronger.” | <urn:uuid:e873f417-bc53-45a2-a565-87ce8ed25ebe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/whats-behind-oracles-unwelcome-bid-for-peoplesoft/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00539-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963105 | 3,544 | 1.554688 | 2 |
A 0-day exploit is a vulnerability not known to the public and more particular, the programmers of a particular application.
You don't want to get that confused with bad coding. If someone created a button that said "Click here for admin access", and it would grant admin access, this would not be a 0-day vulnerability.
Most programmers would agree that having this button would be bad and could tell the original programmer the implications of their code.
Lets hypothetically assume that all programmers think this button is okay to have. Of course we know this is a vulnerability now but they don't at the time. Now many programmers start including this button with their program. One day someone may discover this and click the button and instantly get admin access. This would be considered a 0-day because no one else knew about it.
Months later when this button is discovered, it will eventually be patched. If programmers still include this button in their programs, then it is not a 0-day because it doesn't meet the criteria for 0-day exploit anymore because it is known.
In questions example, Apache has a known flaw, so this would not be a 0-day exploit. It is known to the public.
It is already known that SQL vulnerabilities exists from bad coding and without proper escaping or by not using parameterized queries. However, if you found a SQL vulnerability that allowed execution of unwanted statements that has not been addressed before, then this would be a finding. | <urn:uuid:15a24d60-fbab-43b5-a03a-831e628694ab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/33314/what-is-zero-day/33317 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.97285 | 302 | 3.15625 | 3 |
In the middle of the UK’s fast-tracked debate on rushing through ‘emergency’ snooping legislation, Glen Greenwald has released documents (available in full here) showing GCHQ’s toolkit for underhandedly manipulating information available on the internet.
These covert tools allow GCHQ to:
- ‘Artificially increase traffic to a website’ (GATEWAY)
- ‘Change outcome of online polls’ (UNDERPASS)
- ‘Spoof… emails from Blackberry targets (SCRAPHEAP CHALLENGE)
- ‘Masquerade Facebook Wall Posts for individuals or entire countries (CLEAN SWEEP)
- Artificially ‘increase website hits/rankings (BOMB BAY)
- ‘Amplif[y] a given message, normally video, on popular multimedia websites (Youtube)’ (GESTATOR)
Greewald reveals in an article in The Intercept that these tools were created by GCHQ’s Joint Threat Research Intelligence Group (JTRIG), ‘and constitute some of the most startling methods of propaganda and internet deception contained within the Snowden archive.’
In addition to a suite of scary surveillance tools (such as the ability to spy on eBay, YouTube and Facebook users), charming JTRIG tactics revealed in the documents include ‘fake honey traps’ and ‘fake victim blog posts’.
Tellingly, no mention is made in the document of legal restrictions, or the extent to which the tools have been deployed.
When asked by Greewald to comment on the article,
‘GCHQ refused to provide any comment on the record beyond its standard boilerplate, in which it claims that it acts “in accordance with a strict legal and policy framework” and is subject to “rigorous oversight.”
Greenwald describes both claims as being ‘questionable’, noting that,
‘Several GCHQ memos published last fall by The Guardian revealed that the agency was eager to keep its activities secret not to protect national security, but because “our main concern is that references to agency practices (ie, the scale of interception and deletion) could lead to damaging public debate which might lead to legal challenges against the current regime.”’
He also points outs that an EU parliamentary inquiry earlier this year concluded that GCHQ activities were likely illegal, and that the idea of legal oversight is meaningless when senior cabinet members were in ‘utter ignorance’ GHCQ’s Tempura program. | <urn:uuid:aef583c6-cad3-4331-8cff-9a79b2a4bbdd> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.bestvpn.com/blog/10487/gchq-hacks-online-polls-interferes-with-social-media-and-spreads-disinformation-on-the-net/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720845.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00087-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933432 | 538 | 1.773438 | 2 |
So, one of the big things I'm going to show in my next RV update video is the home theater I built into it. Right now I have a lycra/polyester fabric that I currently use for a screen. When I pull it taut, the sides bow in, giving me a smaller rectangle than is optimal to use for projection.
I would like to edge the screen with black non-stretch webbing to create a frame. My two ideas are as follows:
1. Maybe just having the non stretch webbing will force the screen to be rectangular and not bow in.
2. Maybe I should stretch the fabric out like I have it now, and pin the webbing to it while it's stretched. Then when I sew the webbing in, maybe the fabric will be rectangular? Here's a picture to show what I mean:
Suggestions on how to do this? This is one of the last things standing between me and my next RV post.
I'm on an iPhone so can't be lengthy. What you are trying to make is, from a design standpoint, a kite.
Google "rectangular kite designs" and you will see many possibilities. Maybe one will work for you.
What about replacement poles for a tent. They're lightweight, break down and can be cut as needed. As for the fabric, I'm sure you know someone with a sewing machine.
Why does it have to stretch? If you're just trying to make a smooth(ish) dispaly surface it doesn't need to be stretched tight causing your bowing issue. Just pulled tight enough to make it flat.
Your best bet, From my experience in working with projector screens, is to have a metal par, or something rigid, on the top and bottom. then stretch aircraft wire (twisted strand, really stong wire) between each side, forming a rectangle that you want (with the wires being the vertical beams). Taking a smaller wire, or maybe just create a sleeve with the polyester material, attach the sides of the material every inch to the wire. this allows for a screen that is stretched tight, but can be rolled up when needed, and when hung, will maintain its shape. Just my experience working as an AV tech at Uni.
I can't really have rigid bars in it, because of where I'm stowing the screen when it's not in use. One of the vertical sides could be totally rigid, though, leaving me three sides to deal with. Do you think that aircraft wire on those three sides would be enough to keep the stretchy screen material from bowing in?
That really depends on the strength of the wire. the heavier wire would be better, but then you have a unwieldy heavy contraption that will probably have spent a fortune on. hmm...I guess another way to do it is to have collapsible camping style tent rods for the four sides, and then just make the polyester have sleeves on all four sides. That way you can put the tent poles through when you use it, and then collapse the entire thing down when you don't need it. For each corner, just have a small block of wood that has holes on 2 of the six sides that you can insert the ends of the poles into. So, to sum this contraption up:
- get 2 sets of collapsible tent poles. Cut them so that they can still collapse, but are much shorter. A hacksaw to cut the titanium, and then re-tie the ends of the elastic inner around a washer so they still collapse properly.
- Sew the four sides of the polyester into sleeves, so the tent poles can slide through the edges. By hand is cheaper, but a sewing machine would get it done in minutes instead of hours.
- get 4 small pieces of wood to act as corners. Get a drill and bit that is slightly bigger than the tent pole ends, and drill two adjacent sides half way through the wood. this will hold the four corners of the screen.
- slip the fabric over the tent poles, attach the four corners of wood, and the fabric alone should hold it pretty well. You can always have two more tent poles to act as diagonal braces, but this is overkill. personally, I love Overkill, but that is just me.
This should work pretty well, and last for a good while. the weakest part is the stitches, but a double stitch pattern would hold for years. Plus, its frugal, which Is awesome, and relatively minimalist, which always looks neat (I am a minimalist, so the less parts the better).
PS - if you ever stop by reno, Shoot me an email. It would be good to meet the guy who is convincing me to live in an RV (which sounds AWESOME, by the way)
Here's a possibility: stretch the fabric over a rectangular wooden frame the size and shape you want the screen, and secure it with staples. While the material is square in the frame, somehow attach the webbing to the sides, then ditch the frame. Maybe this will make the whole thing stay square.
do you think hanging clamps/clothespins from small magnets from the ceiling to support the top of the screen would work?
I think for any chance of it working you would need to stretch the screen out to a the rectangle and then sew the webbing on... maybe the wooden frame would be worth a try. Then when you remove the frame it may work... I like the idea Kyle talked about with something rigid on the top and bottom then you could at least roll it up.
I don't see how it's possible without rigid bars of sort... how about collapsible fiberglass tent sticks? Hem the ends of your fabric to where the sticks will fit through the entirety of each edge (make sense?) and craft some corner braces from whatever material you like (wood, aluminum, lexan, etc.). If you can't locate anything like tent sticks, surely you can find room for some longer rods somewhere in the RV, even on the roof under your PV or under the chassis. You can cut a hole near the breaker panel is and slip them underneath the three drawers beside the bed or even under the matress? By that point, you could probably find a place to stow a real retractable screen (if you can't permanently affix it to the ceiling anywhere). Where are you wanting to position it? What projector are you using?
I wonder about a kevlar backing? Kevlar doesn't stretch (much), so perhaps that would work? Still, you would need to get it mounted on the kevlar fabric.
For new readers to the site, or old readers who haven't been paying attention, I live in my small RV. I bought my first RV in 2007, and except for short term travel rentals, I haven't lived in a house or apartment or any other non-wheeled dwelling since then. This sounds rather extreme, but I honestly don't feel like I live in a car.
When I'm parked my RV feels like a small house, complete with all of the comforts of a stationary home. Of course, these niceties haven't come easily-- I've spent hundreds of hours working on my RV, coming up with new ideas and implementing them in the home depot parking lot. Because I actually live in this thing and the improvement process is ongoing, it's never possible to say that I'm done. That said-- I can't really imagine too much more that I can do to this thing. I only have one or two big ideas left, and no immediate plans to implement them.
Here's what's new this round:
1. Painted everything. For a long time I've been hesitant to paint the RV, because I worried that the paint wouldn't stick to the disgusting fake-wood walls. Luckily an all purpose primer did the job. My RV is only 20' long, but it took me fifteen hours to mask the whole interior, prime everything, and then layer on two coats of paint. It was the first time I'd ever painted anything, and most of the time was spent dealing with all of the weird little angles and protrusions. As I mention in the video, I was hoping to get a grey color, but somehow ended up with blue. I'm not entirely sure how that happened, but I do remember saying, "I'm sick of picking colors... let's do this one."
A quick little post today on my routine that I go through when I'm stuck. Let's say that I'm programming and I'm hitting a wall, maybe I'm getting frustrated that I can't figure something out, and I feel like I'm spinning my wheels. Despite being a supreme genius of the universe, this happens to me all the time. Now I have a little routine that I go through systematically, and eighty percent of the time or so it gets me moving again.
The first thing I do is I clean up my desk. I hate to admit that I'm influenced by such trivial things as desk clutter, but a nice empty clean desk has a real calming effect on the mind. Sometimes I even wipe it down with soap and water so that it's really clean. This sounds a little bit crazy, but I've noticed a consistent improvement in motivation when I do it. I also clean anything in front of me. In the RV, that's the two front seats and whatever's on the kitchen counter beside me.
Next I drink about sixteen ounces of water, even if I'm not thirsty. Left to my own devices, I drink very little water unless I'm at a restaurant, so I use frustration as a cue that I might need more water. Sometimes I have tea cold-brewing in the fridge, and I might drink that instead. Being even moderately dehydrated brings on feeling of fatigue, which can be confused with (or a part of) not being able to concentrate. Drinking water doesn't always have an effect, but sometimes it wakes me right up.
After cleaning and drinking some water, I play my violin. You can substitute anything left-brained here, like sketching or playing piano. I have theories about why this helps-- maybe it spins up the left brain and starts using it to tackle the problem at hand, maybe it gives the right brain a break to recharge its chemicals, or maybe it's all placebo. Regardless, I find that a good portion of the time after I play some music, I'll think of a totally different solution to the problem that I hadn't even considered before. | <urn:uuid:6fd0593c-bed5-4f7e-b883-87b30f776475> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://tynan.com/community/11909 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00069-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96531 | 2,182 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Boys are born with a hood of skin, called the foreskin, covering the head (also called the glans) of the penis. Circumcision is a surgical procedure to remove the foreskin and expose the tip of the penis.
Parents who choose circumcision do so based on religious beliefs, hygiene concerns, and cultural or social reasons. Circumcision is not essential for a child’s health; parents should choose what is best for their child by considering the benefits and risks.
Routine circumcision is usually performed during the first ten days (often within the first 48 hours), either in the hospital or at home for some religious ritual circumcisions.
Parents should therefore decide before or soon after birth if they want their son circumcised, as the procedure can be more complicated and usually requires general anaesthesia if done later in life.
Older children or adults may also need circumcision to treat several conditions, including swelling and inflammation of the foreskin or the inability to return a retracted foreskin to its original position.
Pros and cons
- Circumcised infants are less likely to develop urinary tract infections (UTIs).
- Men who had circumcisions are less likely to get cancer of the penis.
- Some studies indicate that the procedure might lessen sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV.
- Penile problems, such as irritation, inflammation, and infection, are more common in uncircumcised males.
- It’s easier to clean and wash a circumcised penis, especially for children.
Although circumcision appears to have some medical benefits, it also carries potential risks — like any surgical procedure. Complications of new-born circumcision, although uncommon, can include minor bleeding and local infection, both of which can be easily treated by your doctor.
What happens during a routine circumcision?
When performed by a doctor, circumcision often only takes a few minutes. In the hospital, a doctor will attach an instrument (usually a clamp) to the penis and remove the foreskin with a scalpel.
Babies are typically awake during the circumcision, but they might be given some acetaminophen and an anaesthetic (an injection or a cream) before the procedure to help with pain relief.
Afterward, the doctor will apply a topical antibiotic or petroleum jelly over the area and wrap the penis with gauze to prevent it from sticking to the diaper.
Following circumcision, it is essential to keep the area as clean and protected as possible. Gently clean with warm water. Your doctor may recommend putting a dab of petroleum jelly on the baby’s penis or on the front of the diaper for three to five days to ease any potential discomfort caused by friction against the diaper.
It usually takes between 7 to 10 days for a penis to heal. Initially, the tip may appear slightly swollen and red, and you may notice a small amount of blood on the diaper. You also may see a slight yellow discharge or crust after a couple of days.
Intercare offers safe circumcisions at our family-friendly day hospitals. Our caring, compassionate, and child-friendly surgical team includes expert surgeons, anaesthesiologists, and nurses, all extensively trained and experienced. | <urn:uuid:f8b84efd-6dd1-4a73-af36-c7a2da00ee06> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthhub.intercare.co.za/2022/06/28/safe-circumcision/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.948185 | 647 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Picture this: An expansive grassy landscape. You, your special friend, a blanket, and a bottle of wine. Nothing but the light from the moon, and the clinking of glasses to guide you through this magical evening. It sounds pretty good, doesn't it?
Well apparently, you're not the only one who thinks so. A citizens petition has just been released asking for the right to drink in parks without any food. The petition claims that it should be the right of city dwellers to enjoy Montreal's parks to the fullest extent, and depriving them of enjoying a cocktail in public, is infringing upon that right.
There are plenty of places in the United States and Europe where drinking with an open container in public is completely legal. So, this argument does have some legs. In fact, the petition already has 500 signatures, and they need only 1000 to get the attention of Mayor Denis Coderre. So if you feel passionately about public drinking then I suggest you sign up now. | <urn:uuid:c8995cf3-4ca2-469c-be72-f5ca0373cf89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mtlblog.com/sign-the-montreal-petition-to-make-it-legal-to-drink-in-all-parks | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571198.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810161541-20220810191541-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.951648 | 203 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Lupin saw that they were at an equal distance from Metz and Luxemburg.
This was shown plainly by the French policy with regard to Luxemburg.
John consolidated his conquest by giving his daughter in marriage to Henry of Luxemburg .
At Luxemburg we engaged a servant, who attended on us till we reached Paris.
During the reigns of the kings of the House of Luxemburg the Bohemian language had to a great extent lost ground.
Moreover, it had never been introduced into Luxemburg or Groningen.
His wife, Mary of Luxemburg, descended from the dukes of Brittany, and he was made governor of the province in 1582.
In Limburg, Luxemburg, and Namur, there was no image-breaking.
It is an attitude which she has maintained in the case of Servia even more clearly than in that of Luxemburg.
Otteline is gone for a few days to the Luxemburg to join my daughter. | <urn:uuid:1d7cabf3-311d-40a8-b8e0-6c0a34f722e0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dictionary.com/browse/luxemburg | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00006-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981131 | 200 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Carrots are storehouses of vitamin A and beta carotene. This carrot smoothie is rich, delicious and refreshes your body during the summer. Here is how you could easily make tasty carrot smoothie.
2 carrots (cooked)
2 tbsp condensed milk
3 tbsp sugar
½ litre milk
Dried fruits (finely chopped)
Ice cubes as required
Blend the cooked carrot (after it has cooled down) into paste in a mixer jar
Into it add condensed milk, sugar and milk
Serve the smoothie in glasses
Garnish with ice cubes and dried fruits. | <urn:uuid:83822c7c-7a80-41f6-b888-817cdcdac399> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.onmanorama.com/food/recipe/2020/03/11/carrot-smoothie-recipe-food.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.902132 | 136 | 1.625 | 2 |
Full profile →'">
The author is a Forbes contributor. The opinions expressed are those of the writer.
George Gilder made a name for himself with his instant classic Wealth and Poverty. Published in 1981, it appeared at precisely the right moment, explaining the principles of supply side economics, while revealing that the left didn’t have a monopoly on intellectuals. It also showed that the conservative movement had serious thinkers of its own.
I read Wealth and Poverty back in my college years when it was fresh off the presses. It changed my life in ways too numerous to list here. I gave it a refresher read several years ago and was well rewarded for doing so. It’s one of those books that changes things, that spawns imitators and movements. So is his new book Knowledge and Power, at least I think so.
In fact, I suspect that it may be the most important economics book of the 21st century. I had the pleasure of sitting across a Skype connection with Gilder at the other end at a Discovery Institute conference. To listen to the interview which ran almost a full hour, click here. For a partial transcription of the interview, read what’s below and the remaining two articles in the series.
Jerry: “First, let’s start off with the major question. Every great book has a big idea; what’s your big idea? What’s the big idea in Knowledge and Power?”
George: “That capitalism is chiefly a knowledge system, rather than an incentive system. After all, when the Neanderthal in his cave had the same set of physical appetites and natural resources that we have today -- the difference between our lives and the lives of Stone Age penury is the growth of knowledge, which is a process of learning which depends on falsifiable experiments. A great result of the research in Knowledge and Power is that crony capitalism necessarily fails because it thwarts the emergence of knowledge. Knowledge comes from experiments that can either succeed or fail. If they’re guaranteed ahead of time, information theory tells us that they cannot yield real profit; any profit they yield is extorted from the rest of us.”
Jerry: “So, perhaps moral objections to crony capitalism – the unfairness of it – are true, but beside the main point. Crony capitalism makes us stupider.”
George: “Yeah, that’s right. A sure way to stultify an economy is to separate the knowledge which is in all our heads, dispersed around the world with each person with a different perspective and set of skills, from the power to actually carry through these experiments of enterprise. Power is centripetal, it tends to go to the people with guns in Washington, and knowledge is dispersed. What makes an economy work is the alignment of knowledge and power.”
Jerry: “Hence the title of the book. Knowledge and power have to be in proper alignment with one another.”
George: “Yeah. And the crisis of our time is epitomized by heavily subsidized and guaranteed leviathans, like Goldman Sachs, Archer Daniels Midland, Harvard University, or Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. They’re all these gigantic institutions who essentially depend on government guarantees.”
Jerry: “When you say that the system is principally a system of knowledge, and not of incentives, are you saying that incentives don’t matter or more so that they’re just not the main driver of economic growth?”
George: “They’re just not the main driver. They don’t, in themselves, create wealth. They’re universal in all human societies – they’re all governed by incentives. What makes capitalism different is it allows experimental enterprise, which could succeed or fail and thus yield increasing knowledge. Wealth inheres in the creation of knowledge.”
Jerry: “There’s been a strong emphasis among our supply-side brethren – I’m a supply-sider, as are you, or at least I’d still hold to that label – but there certainly is a strong emphasis among supply-siders on incentives. What do you say to that? Do you say to them, “Yes, but that’s not the whole story”? “No, that’s not what matters”? How do you talk to traditional supply-side thinking, with its strong emphasis on incentives rather than on knowledge-gathering?”
George: “Well, I say that the incentives are significant but that the reason they’re significant, and the reason the supply-side is so much more important than the demand-side, is that the supply-side is actually generating new knowledge. Whenever a company launches a new product it’s really testing an idea; and if the idea succeeds, if it’s supported in the market place, the knowledge inhering in that idea is incarnate in the economy. That is how growth occurs. It’s a process of learning. Demand-side has very little knowledge in it -- it’s really reduced to pricing and transactions. The big mistake of most economics is it tries to parlay a theory of transactions into an entire economy, but what really makes the economy work is creativity, and creativity always comes as a surprise to us. If it didn’t, planning socialism would work. We wouldn’t need creativity. But the essence of creativity is surprise; it’s the unexpected product. My big discovery was that we already have a whole apparatus of mathematics and theory called Information Theory, which defines information itself as surprise. Information, according to Claude Shannon, the real founder of information theory, is unexpected bets. He defined it as entropy -- it’s unpredictable results. And the mistake of all prevailing economic models is that they’re focused on equilibrium, they’re determinist theories. A determinist theory can’t accommodate surprise, by definition; it has to patch in surprise or treat surprise as exogenous and thus it can’t address creativity. And creativity is the source of all our wealth in human progress.”
Jerry: “Creativity is from outside the system, right? That’s Kurt Gödel’s insight: That there have to be givens from outside any mathematical system, that the givens of a system can’t be generated by the system itself.” | <urn:uuid:a67e33a1-4757-46ab-a265-95092918ecfd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.forbes.com/sites/jerrybowyer/2013/08/14/george-gilder-has-a-very-big-economy-boosting-idea/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00245-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950841 | 1,360 | 1.75 | 2 |
asylum seekers, asylum sweden, Christianity and Islam, Civilisation, Defend the modern world, Demographics of Europe, denmark eu, EU, european union vote, migrant crisis, Multiculturalism, Muslims, No to Turkey in the EU, Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, refugees or migrants, Sweden, sweden denmark, sweden deportations, sweden eu, sweden yes
A peculiar modern stereotype insists that the nation of Sweden is more deeply infected with masochism and political correctness than all the other nations of Europe. According to this caricature, Swedes are absurdly tolerant, pathetically naïve and feminised beyond repair, a fact that can explain the mass immigration of Muslims into the Kingdom in recent years.
Is it accurate? I don’t think so. While Sweden certainly has a more extreme feminist base than, say, Great Britain, there is no clear evidence that the country is populated by suicidal masochists. That portrait is an internet myth, more rooted in the age-old misperception of Sweden as a magical land of naked, blonde rationalists. Sweden is actually a very normal European country, with the same imbalance of naivety over realism as afflicts every major Western state.
And just in case that isn’t convincing, my contention has been supplied with fresh vigour this past week by the announcement that the Swedish government plans to deport 60,000 (sixty thousand) Muslim ‘asylum seekers’ – without compensation or right of appeal – in the coming months.
Needless to say, when I first heard of this, I was enraptured. It is perhaps the first piece of good news since the migrant crisis began. After this, my already elevated mood was further raised by the news that Denmark is also to carry out its own mass-deportations in the near future, albeit on a lesser numerical scale than its northern sibling. Hurrah and Huzzah! It might not be the whole job, but it’s a bloody good start.
The coming deportations are good news for many reasons besides the obvious pleasure of seeing invaders packed onto plane. One, not mentioned yet by the media, is that it will set a precedent of mass-deportation for the whole of Europe to take advantage of at a later point. Given that physical removal of problematic Muslim citizens is surely the only failsafe way of securing our societies against Islamist terrorism, this precedent could hardly be more timely.
Of course, removing 60,000 people from a Western nation (presumably to relocate them back in the third world) will be a long, occasionally chaotic process. There will be opposition, indignation, locking of arms, and waving of placards. Facebook campaigns will surely be launched to keep certain individuals within ‘their’ adopted communities. And so on. It is nevertheless imperative that the project is a success. If it fails, the whole idea of restoring Europe’s balance of cultural power will be lost, and the suggestion of it forever demonised.
That the countries embarking on this action are Scandinavian, and thus respected by liberals across the globe, makes the prospect of success greater than it otherwise would be. This is for the simple reason that international socialists have no better examples of its workability than the regimes of the Nordic peninsula. Will the likes of Michael Moore or Bernie Sanders really want to bad-mouth the left-wing success stories of Sweden and Denmark? If they did so, surely that would cast doubt on the viability of mass-immigration and political-social liberalism in general…?
Away from the liberal clique, I would guess that most Western observers wish this project the fairest of winds. | <urn:uuid:dd3c78df-441f-4e32-ae04-fbfbf241cb61> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://defendthemodernworld.wordpress.com/2016/02/01/bravo-sweden/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.943031 | 769 | 1.6875 | 2 |
August 21, This Date in History
1873. Jesse James robbed his first train. I was told that one of the families they hid out with from time to time were Trammells. Relatives no doubt.
Ernest Hemingway was born in 1899. He was a great writer. He wrote about rugged types of adventures and just about lived the same kind of drink-straight-from-the-bottle kind of life. I have read only one of his books, THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA. But I did see the FOR WHOM THE BELLS TOLLED movie. He made Key West a tourist spot.
When I think of Earnest Hemingway I think of big game hunting, charging elephants, tigers, bears, and maybe even sharks with knives. Earnest Hemingway also reminds me of the movie HAPPY BIRTHDAY WANDA JUNE by Kurt Vonnugut, Jr. It was first a play then it was made into a movie starring Rod Steiger - of course it had other people in it, but Rod Steiger's character is who I want to point out. Steiger's character is very much like Earnest Hemingway. His Manhattan apartment was decorated with mounted heads and stuffed animals that he had killed big game hunting. Just like Hemingway, he was a man's man. They went out and bought a birthday cake from a local bakery at the last minute. The only birthday decorated cake the bakery had was one that had HAPPY BIRTHDAY WANDA JUNE on it. It was a cake that was not picked up. It was to be Wanda June's 13th birthday. She was ran over and killed. Which had another story-line, Jesus and Wanda June watched the interaction of the birthday party her cake was from above making witty comments about it all. It was sort of like a Greek play. The grabber of the play/movie, was that the Hemingway-like character, the man's man, so to speak, was impotent. Never trust a book by its cover.
Don Knotts was born in 1824. I think he is best known for his character Barnie Fife and his one bullet on the Andy Griffin's MAYBERRY, RFD. The first I noticed him was on the STEVE ALLEN SHOW and the first TONIGHT SHOW, MC: Steve Allen. He had the nervous high strung type of character down-pat. I don't think he had to research his character-type much at all.
Dave and J. Fred Muggs
Dave Garroway died in 1982. Dave was the first TODAY SHOW host. Dave was a very casual dignified type of guy. It seems to me THE TODAY SHOW has been falling in dignity ever since. After Hugh Downs I feel it took a sharper degree falling downward. Boy, Dave Garroway and his partner J. Fred Muggs knew how to show some dignity - especially that time J. Fred threw a birthday cake in Dave's face. | <urn:uuid:cbaa0b89-111c-40ad-bd45-bb1dfa0ccf32> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ethunter1.blogspot.com/2012/08/august-21-this-date-in-history.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00529-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.993276 | 632 | 2.25 | 2 |
WELCOME TO GEOCACHING
Do you like treasure hunts and outdoor
Geocaching might be for you. All you need is a
GPS or a good Smartphone and a set of walking
shoes to enjoy this growing outdoor activity.
Simply put, Geocaching involves finding other participants’
“caches” of personal items of interest hidden in various locations around the globe that can be located precisely using a GPS. And we are lucky to have Geocache locations along our Glengarry trail system.
Example Caches on the Trails
To give Geocaching a try or to find out more information, please visit the Official Global GPS Cache Hunt website at www.geocaching.com. | <urn:uuid:f133bbf9-a0c0-4c91-a338-2742d1c9eb97> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://glengarrytrails.com/the-glengarry-trails/geocaching/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.900603 | 157 | 1.804688 | 2 |
It begins with a strange door out of place. You don’t even see it at first. It’s just a shadow in the corner of your eye after you’ve passed it. One day after realizing what you see, you stop, but as soon as you do, it’s gone.
You shake your head and laugh before continuing with your day. It happens again a few hours later but this time when you stop it’s still there. For a moment, you just stand there in front of the door, but then curiosity overcomes you and you open it only to find your own reflection.
You laugh and wonder why someone would place a mirror behind a door. How stupid. You close the door and go about your day, but your mind never really leaves the thought of the door. Why was it there? What was its point?
A few days later, you see the door again. At first, you don’t even pause, but the curiosity makes you turn around. Once again, you open the door to find just the same mirror. This happens a few more times. Finally, just as you’re about to give up, you notice it.
It’s not much, but it’s enough to keep you opening that door, just a few shadows in the mirror. You look behind you but nothing is there. It gets boring after a while, and you really consider ignoring the door the next time. Then you begin to hear the voices. None of them are clear, a slight buzz or ringing at the most. Yet, once again you’re lured back to the door for more.
Not long after the shadows begin to take actual shape and the voices begin to make sense. It gets easier with more concentration. Finally, one day you find the door in place of your coat closet, on the way to work. You open it expecting more hushed voices and vague shadows in a mirror, but what you see surprises you. There is no longer a mirror. You can’t see yourself at all. Instead, you see people behind the door. The sight of them frightens you enough to slam it shut. Yet, they never even looked at you.
Once again, you begin to ignore the door for a few days. Finally, after almost a week you break down, open the door, and step inside. You’ve never done that before, and you’re not sure why you started now. Now that you’ve crossed their threshold, they begin to notice you.
A few of them welcome you and ask how you are. Of course, you’re shy and a little scared, but they take their time and adjust to your actions. Finally, you realize you’re being silly and begin to talk with them. They seem like nice people, and you begin wonder why you were rudely cautious before. They tell you how they don’t get visitors often, and they tend to get lonely with just each other. You begin to feel a little sorry for them.
At some point, a question occurs to you. After internal debate you decide to ask someone, “Who are you guys, and how did you get here?”
The man closest to you chuckles and says, “We are the Syelims, and we came here the same way you did. Through the Rorrim Doorway.”
“Oh,” you say.
After a while of more talking, you realize you’ve been here too long. You’re late for work by now, and have to go, but you promise them you’ll return. That’s when things begin to change. They tell you, that you can’t leave. You laugh and begin to search for the door, but you can’t find it.
That’s when you notice something different about the people. Something that makes you ask yourself, ‘How were they talking to me?’ Because, now that you really look at them, you notice that they don’t have a mouth or nose. In fact, their bodies are completely lacking in human feature. The only similarities are the two eyes, but even that is a cruelly dissimilar sight. They are simply long slits at the top of its skull, with a black abyss beneath them. Their naked and repulsively gangly bodies are covered in stretched red splotchy skin.
‘How could I not have noticed this before?’ you think to yourself.
A thought passes through your mind that is not your own, ‘You’re ours now’. You start to scream, but you can’t. Your mouth, it won’t open. Why won’t it open? Open your mouth and scream! You have to, someone will here you and come and get you. They’ll realize you’re missing and see the door. Someone will save you from these things.
One of the creatures begins to walk. No, it begins to crawl. Its gangly legs twitch and writhe, as it gets closer to you. You’re in too much shock to move, even when it’s only inches from you. Once it’s there, it begins to laugh, but without a mouth, the sound echoes through your mind. It’s the most horrifying noise you’ve ever heard.
You turn and run, and thankfully, they don’t follow. Finally, you find another door. You look around cautiously before opening it. Disappointment and fear resonates through you as you see another creature behind the door. You collapse to the ground in defeat. The creature seems to kneel to the ground as well. You stare at it, and in return, you feel its similar glare.
The creature cocks its head to the side and its gray head begins to rip apart to reveal a set of horrific jagged teeth. ‘So, it does have a mouth; it’s just not for speaking’, you think tediously. At first, you’re sure it’s your death, but the creature does not move. You realize it’s smiling at you. For some reason this comforts you, but you wonder why it hasn’t said anything to you yet. So, you get up, only for the creature to mimic you. You try to give it a complex look, but its black eyes just stare back at you blankly. Every once in a while its stretched skin flashes over the slits, as if it were blinking.
You start to back away, and once again, it mimics you. That’s when you slam the door. For a moment, you are confused. Why was it doing that? Was it some kind of torture? You sigh internally and reopen the door. Once again, you stare at it, and it at you. More creatures begin to accumulate around the creature.
All of them now wear the same cruel grin that the first one wore. You close your eyes for a minute and slowly open them to see the creature doing the same thing. The creatures in the doorway seem to be laughing silently as if there was some joke you didn’t understand. Their stares become too much, so you turn around only to find the same creatures standing behind you.
A memory of the first time you opened the door, what seems like ages ago, flits through your mind, as you look back at the doorway. A look of fear flashes through the black eye-slits of the creature, before returning to a cold look of cruelty. The smile widens as you give in.
Maybe living with them won’t be so bad. Despite how they look, you know they won’t hurt you. You are one of theirs now.
Sometime later, hours or days, maybe even years later, the door opens on its own. Someone steps through the doorway. It’s a new Syelim. She seems shy. You decide to greet her and make her feel welcome. It’s nice to see a new face. You hope she stays. Oh yes, that would be nice. | <urn:uuid:218760e7-9362-484d-9470-528fc6e08d8b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://creepypasta.wikia.com/wiki/Syelims | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00430-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971998 | 1,724 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Re: Selenium 2nd request
i apologize for not being clear in my questions about Selenium.
I want to know the following:
1. What is the purpose of selenium in the IR horses diet?
2. How much selenium does an IR horse need?
3. Since I am feeding three different horses different amounts of the same hay, they will each be getting differing amounts of selenium, because they will be getting different amounts of the minerals. The minerals are balanced to the hay, but it seems that selenium is given in a fixed amount. Do the horses getting less minerals need added selenium?
4. Why is Grits loosing mane and tail hair? If not selenium, what else could be causing this?
Grits IR, Eeyore PPID, Dually ???
Photo album Grits https://ecir.groups.io/g/CaseHistory/album?id=1314
Photo album Eeyore https://ecir.groups.io/g/CaseHistory/album?id=6586&p=Name,,,20,1,0,0 | <urn:uuid:85ab0d89-61a4-419a-85ca-f183b72adfc3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ecir.groups.io/g/main/message/212440 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.861451 | 267 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Let's teach Anglos, Hispanics how to talk to each other
Nov. 4, 2005
Johnny can't read.
Juan is illiterate in two languages.
And George W. Bush wants "No Child Left Behind." advertisement
Heavily oriented toward teaching reading, "No Child" provides the typical
government carrot ("free" federal grants to schools whose students do well on
tests) and the usual stick (economic sanctions to schools whose students don't
do well on tests). The result: Teachers teach the test rather than language
The efforts of public education to meet the president's 2002 mandate are, at
best, chaotic and, at worst, totally absurd. And all are completely blind to the
fact that the United States is a bilingual nation but few of us speak or read or
write both languages.
Every national chain store recognizes America has become a bilingual nation.
You can't go to a restroom in any retail establishment without tripping over one
of those yellow plastic cones warning you of wet floors - in both English and
But the public schools haven't a clue.
Maybe, just maybe, if we teach Juan to read and write in his native Spanish
first and then transition him to English, he actually might become proficient in
I'll go a step further. If I were state schools Superintendent Tom Horne (a
genuinely brilliant Harvard-educated lawyer who never has spent 30 seconds as a
classroom teacher in a low-income neighborhood), I would require every Anglo
student in Arizona to learn to read and write in Spanish as well as English.
Then, maybe Johnny and Juan could understand each other.
Being bilingual isn't exactly a handicap. The American schools ought to be able
to teach our kids at least two languages.
One of the things I decided to do when I retired from journalism was to dust off
the education degree I earned a long, long time ago and do some substitute
teaching here in the Southwest Valley, where I now live.
Having spent my entire adult life making a living by using the English language
as a newspaper writer, I was eager to step into high school classrooms where
they are teaching a new generation my favorite subject.
Oops. I found that to call it "teaching English" is more than a bit of a
On one hand, they have dumbed it down so much that English isn't even being
Freshman English students in one district are working on what they amusingly
call a "research paper." They can choose any topic they please and research it
in the school library and on the Internet. A bibliography is required.
But get this: They aren't being required to write anything. The local School
Board decided the students should make a poster showing the results of their
research. Not a paper. A poster. Might as well rename the course from freshman
English to freshman poster.
On the other extreme, schools in the same district are forcing Hispanic senior
students (to whom English is a very distant second language) to read literature
that was considered torture for "college prep" Anglo kids in my
day: Beowulf, The Canterbury Tales, the early English church history written by
the Venerable Bede. Who picks this stuff?
I spent several days subbing in a senior English class where Hispanic students -
whose parents speak no English at home and whose homes have no books in any
language - were hopelessly mired in a really tangled translation of The Iliad.
These kids were so frustrated, so angry, so unable to comprehend the pages in
front of them, it's a wonder any of them graduate from high school at all.
All I could think was: "Thank God for Brad Pitt (yup, I really thought that).
Thank God for the movie Troy. Because at least these kids (who all have seen the
movie, of course) have some vague notion of what those dudes Achilles and Hector
and that babe Helen are all about."
This is so easy to repair. Well, maybe not easy, but certainly doable:
• First: Everyone learns English and Spanish in public schools. Starting with
kindergarten. That will ensure no Hispanic child will be left behind.
And Anglo children can play with Hispanic children.
• Second: Revive the nearly extinct technical high schools. Teach those
youngsters who have no interest in college how to be carpenters and plumbers and
electricians (very marketable skills in Arizona). And let them read Elmore
Leonard (my vote for the best living American author) and Anne Rice's vampire
tales and the Harry Potter novels, of course: Contemporary literature by
talented authors with the instant gratification of being fun to read.
That isn't leaving children behind. It's making their education fit their needs
And it's giving Anglos and Hispanics the ability to talk with each other.
Isn't that what communications skills really are supposed to be about?
Tony Sommer was a politics, government and courts reporter for The Phoenix
Gazette from 1972 to 1996. He then moved to Hawaii, where he was the Kauai
bureau chief for the Honolulu Star-Bulletin. He recently retired and came home
to Phoenix. You can reach him at email@example.com. | <urn:uuid:d3975b52-abd9-47d7-9f6d-a038fe100aed> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://azbilingualed.org/News_2005a/letsteachangloshispanicshowtotalktoeachother.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.959993 | 1,143 | 2.140625 | 2 |
The eastern Sahara Desert was once home to a 45,000 km2 freshwater lake similar in surface area to the largest in the world today.
A study led by the University of Exeter has revealed that the mega lake was probably formed more than one hundred thousand years ago in the White Nile River Valley in Sudan.
Dr Tim Barrows of the University of Exeter and colleagues used a dating approach based on exposure to cosmic rays to measure the amount of the isotope beryllium-10 in shoreline deposits. Its abundance can be used to calculate how long rocks or sediments have been exposed at the surface of the earth.
Using this method, the researchers dated the shoreline sediments to about 109,000 years ago.
Dr Barrows said: “The eastern Sahara Desert is one of the most climatically sensitive areas on Earth, varying from lake-studded savannah woodland to hyperarid desert on a timescale of only thousands of years.
“In currently semiarid Sudan there is widespread evidence that a very large freshwater lake once filled the White Nile River valley. Our study presents the first quantitative estimate for the dimensions of the lake and a direct age for when it formed.”
The researchers believe the lake could have formed when the White Nile River – one of two main tributaries of the Nile that flows through Egypt – became dammed during seasonal floods under a more intense monsoon than the area currently experiences.
It would have been of comparable size by surface area to some of the largest freshwater lakes on Earth today, such as Lake Baikal in Siberia, Lake Michigan in the US and Lake Tanganyika in East Africa.
Photography by David Haberlah | <urn:uuid:871ca298-5d56-40ab-b0d5-92d70c21d79d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.theexeterdaily.co.uk/news/local-news/enormous-scale-nile-mega-lake-revealed | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.951999 | 350 | 3.65625 | 4 |
An opportunity to become acquainted with the results of research and development of nanomaterials in the Czech Republic and abroad, to meet the world's leading scientists working on nanotechnology and to debate with them had participants of IV. International conference NANOCON'12 had in Brno on 23 - 25 October 2012. This event was organized by the Czech Society for New Materials and Technologies in cooperation with the Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Science of Palacky University Olomouc and the company TANGER Ltd.
During the three days of the conference 99 lectures focusing 5 different thematic areas of research and applications of nanomaterials were presented for the 359 participants from 29 countries on five continents. Compared to the NANOCON´11 not only the absolute number of participants slightly increased, but significantly (to 40%) the number of experts from abroad scaled up. The conference NANOCON thus confirmed to be the largest nanotechnology event organized in the Czech Republic and at the same time one of the largest conference in the field of nanotechnology in the Central European region.
The opening plenary lecture entitled "Anything You Can Do I Can Do Better. What Can Be Done Better with Sonochemistry" was performed by the world's leading chemist Professor Dr. Aharon Gedanken from Bar-Ilan University in Ramat Gan, Israel. He is the founder of sonochemistry - discipline, in which chemical reactions are accelerated using ultrasonic waves. And the whole professional life he devoted to applied scientific research (A. Gedanken is the author of 34 international patents). In his lecture he mentioned the project of the "hospital of the future" in which all textiles such as bed linen, towels, curtains, pyjamas, medical garments, etc., retain antibacterial properties for up to 65 wash cycles at 92 ° C due to nanoparticles.
Another plenary speaker - Professor Paul Mulvaney from the University of Melbourne, a world-class expert on nanocrystals, in his paper "Not All That´s Gold Does Glitter" outlined some unusual optical properties of small metallic nanoparticles and opportunities to influence the chemical reactions at the individual nanoparticles.
Video from the plenary session can be seen here.
Other lectures were related to nanomaterials, their characterization and preparation, as well as nanostructured metallic materials, nanosilver, nanocomposites, carbon nanostructures and materials for electronics and optics, nanoceramic materials, nanofibers and their application areas such as solar energy, medicine, water purification, etc. The programme of the conference accentuated also the issue of influence of nanomaterials on the environment and human health, as well as the standardization of various procedures related to the characterization and use of nanoparticles.
The lecture of Professor Andre Skirtach from the Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in Potsdam (Germany) attracted the attention of the participants. He described the preparation and characterization of films and capsules containing inorganic metal nanoparticles and their applications in biomedicine, for example for study responses of immune system. Dr. Tomas Jungwirth from the Institute of Physics of the Academy of Sciences CZ in his speech introduced one of the fastest growing scientific field - spintronics. Breakthroughs achieved in this segment of nano-electronics using electron spin processing, transmission and storage of information has caused a revolution in the electronic data storage already. And as the world-acclaimed Czech scientist indicated next breakthroughs in spintronics can be expected soon.
The award of Dr. Tasilo Prnka, a promoter of nanotechnologies in the Czech Republic, has been awarded for the first time at the conference NANOCON for the best lecture of young scientist (up to 30 years). Bogdan Parakhonskiy from the University of Trento in Italy for a lecture Biocompatible Calcium Carbonate ParticlesToward Drug-Delivery Applications” is the first laureate of this award. Honourable mention went to Japan for Veeranarayanan Srivani of Toyo University from Kawagoe for her contribution regarding the use of nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer metastasis.
In the poster section a total of 210 posters had been performed. The poster of Chauhan Ashoka, a talented scientist from the University of Bath in the UK, showing piezoresistive sensing using carbon nanotubes was selected by the professional jury as the best one -for its novel scientific content and imaginative graphic design. The poster of the team of the Professor Paul Danihelka of VSB-Technical University of Ostrava was evaluated among the three best posters of the conference. It demonstrated a new way to radon decontamination of polluted water using special nonporous membranes. The jury highlighted the uniqueness of the patented technology and the fact that its application for the decontamination of small water resources has been already prepared. Honourable mention for an interesting poster was awarded to six other experts.
The conference NANOCON'12 confirmed that this event becomes a popular meeting place for Czech nanotechnology community. In total 13 universities, 11 research institutes of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and other research organizations such as the National Institute of Nuclear Safety, Public Health Institute and the Czech Metrology Institute, and several dozen private-sector entities private research organizations (eg SYNPO, SVÚM) or production companies with strong research backgrounds (eg Contipro Biotech, SPUR, TESCAN presented their results in the field of nanomaterials in Brno.
For example, a joint team of several Czech research institutions (Institute of Physics Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, SYNPO, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine and Institute of Chemical Technology) co-ordinated by Dr. Emil Pollert from the Institute of Physics AS CR, demonstrated promising results of in-vivo experiments of the newly developed nanomaterial with ferromagnetic nanoparticles, which should significantly facilitate and refine the diagnosis of cancer magnetic resonance imaging and cancer therapy using magnetic fluid hyperthermia. Dušan Kimmer from Zlin company SPUR Inc. showed new nanofiber filters enable removal of harmful bacteria from wastewater.
"This year's conference confirmed the high quality of research of nanomaterials in the Czech Republic as well as the growing interest of experts from abroad to establish cooperation with Czech experts. Some of them do not hide their surprise of the spectrum of research topics in a small country like the Czech Republic, erudition of our researchers, laboratories equipped with hi-tech instruments and results achieved, " says Professor Radek Zbořil, Director of the Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Research Center, the conference chairman. His words were confirmed by Professor Stefan Vajda from Argonne National Laboratory in the U.S., whose research group develops new metallic nanomaterials for use in bio-applications with the researchers of Palacky University in Olomouc. Professor Ehrenfried Zschech from the Fraunhofer Institute for Non-Destructive Testing, based in Dresden, otherwise also the president of the Federation of European Materials Societies (FEMS), in Brno expressed his interest to co-operate with the Brno research center CEITEC.
About 40 percent of the participants came from abroad this year (in 2011 it was a quarter). Most foreign participants came from Germany, Romania, Slovakia, and Poland. The research results in Brno also presented scientists from more distant countries, including Australia, China, USA, Japan, India and South Korea. For example, Andrey Rogach, Professor of the City University of Hong Kong and one of the fifty best material scientists of the world, presented on NANOCON several techniques of the design of semiconductor nanocrystals hybrid functional nanostructures and their wide range of applications such as power transmission or biological markers. Professor Miro Zeman from Delft University of Technology in the Netherlands has focused on the use of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies for new technologies in photovoltaic.
Products and laboratory and measuring technology such as electron microscopes, spectrometers, analyzers size and particle surface and other apparatus for the characterization of nanomaterials, and laboratory chemicals and other materials were exhibited during the conference altogether by 18 companies.
More information about the conference is available at www.nanocon.cz. Next year's conference NANOCON´13 will be held again in Brno on October 16th to 18th, 2013.
Conference Program Committee Chair and Head of Nanosection of the CSNMT | <urn:uuid:eee0cf89-a44b-4442-8f51-5b602dccca7a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.nanocon.eu/en/about-the-conference-history-proceedings-gallery/2012/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.928739 | 1,796 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Home > Map Of Kerala
Welcome to google maps locations list, welcome to the place where google maps sightseeing make sense! With comprehensive destination gazetteer, indiamapped.in enables to explore through detailed satellite imagery — fast and easy as never before. Browse the list of administrative regions below and follow the navigation to find populated place you are interested in. You can also take advantage of our two following search bars. Your , India google satellite map sightseeing starts now!
Details of pathanamthitta
pathanamthitta district is located in the state of kerala. This district has a total female population of 644618 women; on the other hand the population of male is 589398 contributing to a total population of 1234016. Looking at the growth rate of population in pathanamthitta, according to the census of 2011 the population growth rate is %. Through the very same source it is found that has a sex ratio of females per 1000 males. With the literacy perspective, pathanamthitta has a literacy rate of %. pathanamthitta is a majority district, mainly dominated by hindu with a percentage of , followed by muslim having percentage of , then christian are . At the same time there sikh are and buddhist are, and jain are,.
Geographical Information for pathanamthitta|
|Male Population :||589398|
|Female Population :||644618|
|Total Population :||1234016|
| Country:|| India|
| Country ISO code:|| IN|
|Pin Code||Wrong database selection | | <urn:uuid:da28aaca-fef8-4cb5-bd17-0a28e6ad8c88> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.indiamapped.in/map-of-kerala/pathanamthitta | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00002-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.879349 | 336 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Fine motor skills are those skills that allow you to develop the ability to do things like write and manipulate small objects. There are many activities you can do with your children to improve their fine and gross motor skills. Most people don't realize how these abilities can affect a child. The development of fine and gross motor skills allows them to perform better in academic and physical domains.
Preschool children can benefit from experiences that support the development of fine motor skills in their hands and fingers. Children will need to have strength and dexterity in their hands and fingers so that they can manipulate a pencil on paper.
Coloring benefits include opportunities to promote an ideal pencil grip, increase grip strength, increase endurance for pen and paper / writing activities, and promote visual perception. Children can be encouraged to color within limits, as well as move the pencil in a variety of directions (side to side, up and down, circular). Success with these skills can have a positive effect on handwriting skills.
Learn the alphabet as you color with our printable sheets and color each letter. There is one for each of the letters of the alphabet with a famous character from cartoons and Disney movies, such as The Little Mermaid, Beauty and the Beast, Cinderella, Dumbo, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (Esmeralda), Bambi, Aladdin, Hercules, The Lady and the Tramp, Mickey Mouse, Finding Nemo, Pinocchio, Up, The Lion King, and Toy Story. This coloring booklet has been the most successful with our children. Use different colors to paint them according to your personality. Coloring the letters is a good way to introduce young children to the letters of the alphabet in the English language through an activity that they enjoy. It doesn't matter if they can't read it yet, they can still color the shapes and gradually become familiar with the letters and words, this helps with future learning.
After coloring them, you can decorate the classroom walls with them. This helps children take pride in their achievement and encourages their interest in letters and the entire alphabet. We hope you have fun with them! Use the password worksheets.site to open the file. You can download it to your computer and print it for free, but redistribution is not allowed. | <urn:uuid:fc06b36c-1f2c-44fd-9cc0-051355b928b1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://worksheets.site/disney-alphabet-coloring.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.952083 | 461 | 3.9375 | 4 |
Western Stemmed points were shaped with a technique not used by the Clovis.
Jim Barlow, University of Oregon via Associated Press
Hidden inside Oregon’s Paisley Caves was evidence of the oldest directly dated remains of people in North America — evidence of two separate technologies.
Jeff Barnard, Associated Press file
Discoveries suggest the Clovis people were not alone
- Article by: JOHN NOBLE WILFORD
- New York Times
- July 14, 2012 - 4:36 PM
Stone spearheads and human DNA found in Oregon caves, anthropologists say, have produced firmer evidence that these are the oldest directly dated remains of people in North America. They also show that at least two cultures with distinct technologies -- not a single one, as had been supposed -- shared the continent more than 13,000 years ago.
In other words, the Clovis people, long known for their graceful fluted projectile points, were not alone in the New World. The occupants of Paisley Caves, on the east side of the Cascade Range, near the town of Paisley, left narrow-stemmed spear points shaped by different flaking techniques. These hunting implements are classified as the Western Stemmed Tradition, previously thought to be younger than the Clovis technology.
The new research, based on the recent discovery of the artifacts and more refined radiocarbon dating tests, established that the cave dwellers who made the Western Stemmed points overlapped or possibly preceded the Clovis artisans elsewhere, the scientists reported in a paper published online by the journal Science.
"These two distinct technologies were parallel developments, not the product of a unilinear technological evolution," the research team, led by Dennis Jenkins of the University of Oregon, concluded. "The colonization of the Americas involved multiple technologically divergent, and possibly genetically divergent, founding groups."
Jenkins and colleagues did not discuss how the divergent technologies might be related to initial migration patterns. They only noted that the human DNA from the cave, extracted from coprolites, or dried feces, pointed to Siberian-East Asian origins of the people.
The findings lend support to an emerging hypothesis that the Clovis technology, named for the town in New Mexico where the first specimens were discovered, actually arose in what is now the Southeastern United States and moved west to the Plains and the Southwest. The Western Stemmed technology began, perhaps earlier, in the West. Most artifacts of that kind have been found on the West Coast and in Idaho, Nevada, Utah and Wyoming.
"We seem to have two different traditions coexisting in the United States that did not blend for a period of hundreds of years," Jenkins said.
Although other pre-Clovis sites have been claimed, only the 14,600-year-old Monte Verde campsite in Chile and now Paisley Caves have so far cleared most hurdles of critical review. When the first dating of human DNA from the caves was reported in 2008, some archaeologists worried that the coprolites may have been contaminated, possibly by the leaching of later DNA from humans and rodent urine.
So Jenkins returned to the caves in 2009 and each year since. Digging 5 to 6 feet into silt, the archaeologists uncovered the Western Stemmed points and not a single Clovis point. Any contaminating carbon was washed out.
Michael Waters, director of the Center for the Study of the First Americans at Texas A&M University, who was not involved in the research, said the Paisley Caves findings "really provide solid evidence that the two technologies are contemporaneous."
© 2017 Star Tribune | <urn:uuid:da0ac5e3-c8f5-4d6d-a1e1-7abb1e1440a4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.startribune.com/printarticle/?id=162472866 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00098-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965873 | 757 | 3.5625 | 4 |
Spatio-temporal coral disease dynamics in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia
You are here
Haapkyla, J and Unsworth, RKF and Seymour, AS and Melbourne-Thomas, J and Flavell, M and Willis, BL and Smith, DJ, Spatio-temporal coral disease dynamics in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia , Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 87, (1-2) pp. 105-115. ISSN 0177-5103 (2009) [Refereed Article]
In the present study we investigated inter-annual coral disease dynamics, in situ disease progression rates, and disease-associated coral tissue mortality in the Wakatobi Marine National Park (WMNP) situated in the coral triangle in South-East Sulawesi, Indonesia. In 2005, only 2 known syndromes were recorded within the sampling area transect surveys: white syndrome (WS; 0.42% prevalence) and growth anomalies (GA; 0.15% prevalence), whilst 4 diseases were recorded in 2007: WS (0.19%), Porites ulcerative white spot disease (PUWS; 0.08%), GA (0.05%) and black band disease (BBD; 0.02%). Total disease prevalence decreased from 0.57% in 2005 to 0.33% in 2007. In addition to prevalence surveys, in situ progression rates of 4 diseases were investigated in 2007: BBD on Pachyseris foliosa, P. rugosa and Diploastrea heliopora, WS on Acropora clathrata, and brown band (BrB) and skeletal eroding band (SEB) diseases on Acropora pulchra. BrB and WS had the highest progression rates, 1.2 ± 0.36 and 1.1 ± 0.07 cm d-1, respectively, indicating that diseases may have a significant impact on local Acropora populations. BBD had the lowest progression rate (0.39 ± 0.14 cm d-1). WS caused the most severe recorded total tissue mortality: 53 923 cm2 over a period of 36 d. Sedimentation and coral cover were studied and a highly significant drop in coral cover was observed. This study provides the first documentation of spatio-temporal coral disease dynamics from Indonesia. Despite low total disease prevalence, progression rates comparable to the ones observed in the Caribbean and Australia indicate that diseases may threaten the reef framework in some locations and add to the degradation of coral reefs in a region already at high risk from anthropogenic impacts. © Inter-Research 2009.
Repository Staff Only:
item control page | <urn:uuid:7d3bf5ab-0a9b-4dfe-b780-4fc69478fd1e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://ecite.utas.edu.au/59213 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.889214 | 588 | 2.21875 | 2 |
(1863–1940), American humorist, author of “Casey at the Bat.” As editor of the Harvard Lampoon, Thayer befriended that journal's business manager, William Randolph Hearst. After college, Hearst offered Thayer a job writing for the San Francisco Examiner, where “Casey at the Bat: A Ballad of the Republic Sung in the Year 1888” first appeared in print on 3 June 1888. Inspired by W. S. Gilbert's popular Bab Ballads, the poem captures the exhilaration of a two-men-on-base, one-swing- left drama and features a failed hero whose pride is demolished. It was subsequently transformed into a popular stage piece, several films, and even an opera. Several illustrated versions of the poem have been published for young audiences, featuring the work of artists such as Wallace Tripp, Barry Moser, and Patricia Polacco; in 2000, Christopher Bing's illustrated version, which presents “Casey” as a story from a fictitious newspaper, was named a Caldecott Honor book.
From The Oxford Encyclopedia of Children's Literature in Oxford Reference. | <urn:uuid:fa4ba1f4-7b62-48c2-94b0-2c5c5cee5062> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803103540314 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717783.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00075-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949947 | 237 | 3.453125 | 3 |
PATRICK BUCHANAN, COMMENTATOR AND former presidential candidate, looked over the issues on the political agenda in 2006 and liked what he saw. It was a paleoconservative's delight. There was the Dubai ports deal, rejected by a congressional uprising part nationalistic, part isolationist. There's immigration, soon to be debated on the Senate floor and always high on the paleocon list of concerns. Excessive government spending, a worry of all conservatives but especially paleocons, is a major topic this year. And the intervention in Iraq and President Bush's crusade for democracy face sharp criticism, with paleocons in the lead among the critics.
It's a paleo moment in America. "It's a little bit late," Buchanan says. He'd rather it had occurred in 1992 or 1996, when he ran for the Republican presidential nomination, or in 2000, when he ran as the Reform party candidate. Chances are, the moment won't last. But it's a moment that could be politically painful for the president and harmful to Republicans in the midterm election in November. The paleocon message is not an electoral winner--unless you believe voters are eager to hear ideas that are gloomy, negative, defeatist, isolationist, nativist, and protectionist.
Buchanan is the big dog among paleocons. His message, were he to run again for president, he told me, would be: "Secure the borders, stop exporting jobs, and bring the troops home" from Iraq. I'm afraid many would interpret that message: Keep Mexicans out, forget free markets and free trade, and shrink America's role in the world. That's not an optimistic message.
It's not that these views are illegitimate. They're part--a small part--of the broad conservative coalition in America. And paleocons themselves are easily gathered under the big tent of the Republican party. The problem comes when they influence the party in ways that threaten the narrow Republican majority.
And they do this in several ways. One is to attack Bush on issue after issue. This weakens the Republican base and, potentially at least, reduces voter turnout. Republican voters dismiss criticism by Democrats or the media, but they pay attention when other Republicans zing Bush, or when they attack congressional Republicans, for that matter.
A larger threat is the paleocon influence on one of the touchiest issues, immigration. Here, their thinking is reflected in the anti-immigrant rhetoric of some congressional Republicans. And it is such thinking that imperils the gains made by Republicans among Hispanic voters.
In the immigration bill passed by the House last December, there was a distinct nativist streak. It calls for the raising of a 700-mile fence along America's southwest border with Mexico and for stepped-up border security in general. It was Buchanan who popularized the fence idea, and now a Republican senator intends to propose a fence along the entire border, from the Pacific Ocean to the Gulf of Mexico.
How would such a fence play politically? Well, it's a horrible symbol, one that clashes with the welcome mat laid out by the Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor. More important, it says to Mexican-Americans: We don't want any more people like you coming into our country.
The political problem is the effect all of this, including the congressional debate itself, is likely to have on Hispanic voters. They are a critical part of the Republican majority. In fact, without them, there would be no Republican majority. Bush lifted the percentage of Hispanics who voted Republican from 35 percent in 2000 to 44 percent in 2004.
Grover Norquist, the conservative activist and head of Americans for Tax Reform, says holding Hispanic voters is crucial. "I think the Republican party wins and runs the country for the next 25 years if we are perceived as pro-immigrant and respectful of immigrants," he says. "The only way we lose majority status is to treat Hispanics the way we treated Catholics in the 1880s."
So, if all goes well, the Republican party is on the way to claiming a majority of Hispanics, the fastest growing voting bloc in the country. A paleocon-inspired immigration bill would jeopardize this. Democrats recognize this. Senator Hillary Clinton of New York and other Democrats are already attacking the House bill, saying it would create a police state focused on Hispanics.
On the Dubai ports deal, paleocons were leading voices of opposition. On Iraq and the campaign for democracy, they reject Bush's optimism about rolling back the dictatorships of the Middle East. Instead, they take the pessimistic view that the Middle East is unchangeable, Arab culture being what it is.
Jump to the November election. What Republicans need more than anything else is unity. They have it when Bush's poll numbers are up.
They don't when his approval rating tumbles--and it drops all the more when Republicans are criticizing him. With their issues unusually prominent this year, paleocons are likely to be critical. And the mainstream media likes nothing more than to play up conservatives who attack other conservatives.
As for Buchanan, he says he's "thought about" running for president again in 2008. But he's overcome the "temptation" and "probably" won't run. He's not impressed with the current field of Republican presidential candidates. "The field is vanilla," he says. Which means there's no paleocon in the hunt.
Fred Barnes is executive editor of The Weekly Standard. | <urn:uuid:e5914b06-13df-4262-9a58-8355adb3eafd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thephora.net/forum/showthread.php?mode=hybrid&t=4960 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00383-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96141 | 1,120 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Critical analysis and critical analysis of retail, communities, etc.
Urbanophile has a piece, "Creating a Culture of Honest Critique," about how the Dallas Morning News has hired an architecture critic, in association with the University of Texas at Arlington, to up the level of critical analysis for the paper and the architecture beat. The critic, Marc Lamstetter, started off with a serious critique of the new George W. Bush Presidential Center and Library, and apparently the bracing review has ruffled feathers.
Aaron goes on to discuss what we might call the cheerleader issue and how most communities aren't comfortable with hard core critical analysis. He focuses on "small towns" but I think this is an endemic problem regardless of the size of a community.
I call what I do critical analysis" but most people seem to take it as "(personal) criticism" and they don't like it. And elected officials in particular prefer to shoot the messenger rather than dealing with message.
2. Along with the cheerleading thing, lately I have noticed advocacy organizations recommending to their members that they don't criticize elected officials, who for the most part, support their positions, as elected officials believe that they are doing all that they can, and that should be respected, rather than focus on the negatives of compromise, stalling, and sub-standard efforts and realization.
Image from Waymarking.com.
That's why I was surprised to see this piece in yesterday's New York Times, "A Whole Town in Colorado Pushes to Improve Its Customer Service," about Steamboat Springs, Colorado, and its initiative on improving the customer service quality of local businesses, in response to "average" ratings on the survey question "How likely is it that you would recommend us to a friend or colleague?" Analysis of the data found low scores concerning quality and service at local stores and restaurants.
A couple years ago, I wrote a piece ("Speaking of unsatisfactory visitor experiences: the breakfast at Hotel Harrington sucks") that suggested that local convention and visitors bureaus should do "mystery shopper" surveys of local establishments, to provide businesses with third party "objective" evidence about the quality of service, and the need to improve.
This is because many businesses catering to tourists--this is a problem in cities like DC or even Gettysburg, Pennsylvania--are comfortable providing bad service or food knowing that most customers won't be coming back anyway.
3. Relatedly, I argue about the difference between uniqueness and exceptionalism in communities.
All places are unique. But most places function similarly based on various elements and characteristics. That's why I am able to compare places, make recommendations, write plans, etc. But as long as people focus on uniqueness and are unwilling to compare, too often they end up embracing mediocrity and improvement takes a long time to happen, if it ever does. See "Chauvinism, mediocrity, and robust systems" from 2008. | <urn:uuid:6583653d-e56d-4550-ba6a-1b38642d323d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://urbanplacesandspaces.blogspot.com/2014/10/critical-analysis-and-critical-analysis.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00035-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956058 | 604 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Photo courtesy of Deutsche Guggenheim Berlin
Gerhard Richter: Atlas Mikromega
MUNICH • Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus • Ongoing
|The German artist Gerhard Richter (born 1932, Dresden) began work on his ATLAS in 1962, and after five decades of ongoing additions and revisions, he finalized it in 2013. The exhibition presents the entire set of plates, which the Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus acquired starting in 1996. |
By uniting photographs with newspaper clippings, sketches, and collages, each of the plates creates a sense of order; grouped in larger clusters, they suggest overarching themes. Instead of reading the plates in their chronological order, we may also browse them horizontally, studying a particular cluster in depth and exploring related themes and motifs.
The ATLAS is a unique and visually dense compilation that embodies Richter’s life and artistic evolution by bringing together sources for many of his works with countless other motifs he never realized in paintings.
The two artist’s editions Betty (1991) and Domecke (1998), for example, are based on oil paintings of the same titles created in 1988 and 1987, respectively. The photographic sources for these paintings may be found on plates 445 and 446 of the ATLAS. In realizing his ideas, Richter adopts an open strategy, testing which form lets an idea become a picture and exploring the different material realizations it can pass through. The four Jacquard “Tapestries” (2009) after an abstract oil painting created in 1990 (WVZ 7244) illustrate the translation of an elementary visual idea into a different technique that is no longer under the artist’s direct control.
Fourteen tall collages made in preparation for the striped paintings show how the manual creative act of arranging the blocks of stripes precedes the technical realization of the pictures. The meticulous execution and the precise details reveal how the pictorial density of these works is achieved. (The painting “Strip,” WVZ 9241, which was made in 2012, is on display in the galleries at the Lenbachhaus.)
The title Mikromega (Greek for smalllarge) was chosen for this exhibition to highlight the dialogical principle that underlies the ATLAS. The small images and sketches in which the artist jotted down ideas await implementation in large formats. Composed of many thousands of photographs, newspaper clippings, sketches, and collages, the ATLAS with its eight hundred and two (802) plates coalesces into a single enormous picture.
Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus Website
Städtische Galerie im Lenbachhaus
Tel: (49) 89 233 320-00 | <urn:uuid:46e86f55-b8ef-48f5-a176-8d795de499af> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.culturekiosque.com/travel/item24036.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00249-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898686 | 573 | 2.125 | 2 |
Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo in the Propaganda System by Edward
S. Herman and David Peterson
According to this same myth structure, “The United States did almost nothing to
try to stop [the Hutu genocide],” in Samantha Power’s view, but instead “stood
on the sidelines” as “bystanders to genocide.” But this is doubly false. What
the United States and its Western allies (Britain, Canada, and Belgium) really
did was to sponsor the U.S.-trained Kagame; support his invasion of Rwanda from
Uganda and the massive ethnic cleansing prior to April 1994; weaken the Rwandan
state by forcing an economic recession and the RPF’s penetration of the
government and throughout the country; and then press for the complete removal
of UN troops. They did this because they didn’t want UN troops to stand in the
way of Kagame’s conquest of the country, even though Rwanda’s Hutu authorities
were urging the dispatch of more UN troops.
Former UN Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali also wanted to increase UN troop strength, and complained bitterly in his memoirs about the “obstruction” caused by the Clinton administration: “The U.S. effort to prevent the effective deployment of a UN force for Rwanda succeeded, with the strong support of Britain,” he wrote; the Security Council “meekly followed the United States’ lead.”47 (We may recall that Samantha Power also claimed that the United States “looked away” when Indonesia invaded East Timor in 1975, when in fact the United States gave Indonesia the go-ahead, the arms to carry out the invasion, and diplomatic protection in the United Nations. Whenever the United States colludes in a genocidal process, Power pretends that U.S. guilt, at worst, comes from remaining a mere “bystander”; never from acting as an accomplice, let alone a perpetrator.)
BLOOD DIAMOND DOUBLETHINK & DECEPTION OVER THOSE WORTHLESS LITTLE ROCKS OF DESIRE by Rick Hines & Keith Harmon Snow Tempelsman’s affiliation with Robert Rotberg at the CFR explains the absence of any mention of Tempelsman or his diamond interests in the Kimberly-related conferences, policies and papers that came out of the Kennedy School. Seven Harvard professionals, including Michael Ignatief, and Samantha Power, who won a Pulitzer for her whitewash of the U.S.-backed coup in Rwanda, took part in the 2001 Kennedy School conference that led to Diamonds in Peace and War, the report that whitewashed Maurice Tempelsman’s involvement.
Samantha Power, A Problem from Hell: America in the Age of Genocide, 2002.
[2009 Jan] Ben Affleck, Rwanda,
and Corporate Sustained Catastrophe by Keith Harmon Snow (Part 2)
Another high profile mover and shaker who helps legitimize the Kagame
regime is Harvard University doctor Paul Farmer, who moved his family to Rwanda
in 2008 and became a citizen there. Farmer’s Partner’s in Health project has
received millions of dollars from the Clinton Foundation and Clinton HIV/AIDS
programs—money rinsed from the blood diamonds and indigenous genocides in
Botswana, Sierra Leone, Angola, Uganda, Rwanda, South Africa and Congo. Maurice
Tempelsman, the Clinton/Kennedy family diamond broker, Democratic Party sponsor
and an architect of covert operations in Africa, is the Chairman of the board of
Harvard University’s euphemistically named AIDS Institute; HAI is partnered with
the US Military HIV Research Program.
Paul Farmer is also linked to the Kagame regime’s network in Boston, where agent’s of the Kagame regime operate an intelligence cell used to identify, repress and criminalize any Rwandan people who in any way challenge the criminality or injustice of the current regime.
Paul Farmer wrote an excellent book on structural violence titled Pathologies of Power. In the introduction, Farmer discusses Rwanda and, for example, he comments on the ‘blinkered analyses’ by aid workers in “most settings where massive human rights violations are about to occur.”
“How, one wonders incredulously,” Farmer asked, “could anyone working on behalf of the Rwandan poor [before 1994] have failed to anticipate the oncoming cataclysm?”
How, one wonders incredulously, could anyone working on behalf of the Rwandan poor today have failed to challenge or distance themselves from Kagame’s Rwanda and its terrorist enterprises, in Congo at the very least, and instead works with the regime and its agents?
Farmer cites the work of Samantha Power, about how the Clinton administration knowingly let genocide in Rwanda happen, as opposed to playing the active role it did in backing a covert coup d’etat and Hutu genocide. This fabricated ‘bystanders to genocide’ thesis, intentionally obtuse, won Samantha Power—a founder-director of Harvard’s highly biased Carr Center for Human Rights—a Pulitzer Prize. Farmer’s additional references and citations regarding ‘genocide in Rwanda’ are equally misinformed, examples of propaganda that intentionally blinds people. | <urn:uuid:439e3617-a4ad-449e-bbdb-aa4be0253bcf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://whale.to/c/samantha_power.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571090.80/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809215803-20220810005803-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.915502 | 1,145 | 2.203125 | 2 |
since there are no live performances going on right now, we will have to do the next
best thing. Please find a LIVE recording of any prominent jazz musician, listen to the entire
album (or watch the entire video), and then write about your listening experience using the
terminology and historical context we have been discussing in class. Please follow these
guidelines when writing your paper.
Your paper will be submitted as an email attachment with “lastname104_paper” as the file name.
What type of concert is it? Big band, small combo, solo, etc.?
Where and when was the concert recorded?
Are there any guest artists, etc.?
Why did you choose to go to this recording?
Body pick two contrasting pieces on the program and discuss
How does it relate to the elements of music that we learned in class?
Can you identify the form?
What instruments are being played? How do the solos compare to each other?
If there are lyrics, what is their relevance? How are they interpreted by the singer?
How did the audience react to the performance?
Was there anything that surprised you or struck you as unusual?
Your opinion How were your expectations different from your actual experience?
30% correct usage of musical terminology; 30% description of music;
20% proper formatting and submission (including 5% for proposal submission)
Use the order calculator below and get started! Contact our live support team for any assistance or inquiry.[order_calculator] | <urn:uuid:bb1ead8d-83ab-4fc8-a71c-aa96e54d0c16> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.primeessayhelp.com/what-type-of-concert-is-it-big-band-small-combo-solo-etc-where-and-when-was-the-concert-recorded/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.939838 | 338 | 1.992188 | 2 |
68 Tall Bookcase – There are four most crucial types or groups of bookcases. Under these four key categories can be a variety of numerous pieces of furniture styles which may satisfy your space. Each type comes in the amount of sizes, shapes and finishes permitting you the certainty that you’re going to find anything to check your taste and current house or office interior decoration.
3 main forms of bookcases happen to be: Barrister Bookcases – A barrister furniture is ideal seen in large rooms, given that they undertake a great deal of floor area. They feature goblet entrance doors that slide apart in the frame to guard the books, and still have large drawers designed to allow for tall things. This form of bookcase can be well suited for persons that acquire antique books since the literature are kept protected in the wine glass case.
Modular Bookcases — Modular bookcases are ideal for virtually any form of room. They will can be found in units that could come to be stacked to make a tall furniture that may use wall surfaces, or perhaps they may be stretched out along or around a place to work with floor area. They will even be segregated so every unit can be a single pieces of furniture. This characteristic allows all of them to get applied as being a household furniture along with be beautification for your room. Thus these bookcases may be explained to get multipurpose. They come in the wide selection of size and shapes by classic potager to modern day triangles.
Bending bookcases — Leaning bookcases are start backed so they really contrast contrary to the wall adding visual fascination. A slanted bookcase generally posseses an “A” frame that tapers straight down. Because in the “A” structure most slanted bookcases may be displayed as being a corner furniture. They provide very good by using space and since the spine is open offering a check out in the wall they’re going to in addition provide aesthetics.
Shelf bookcases — Finally the most popular type could be the shelf pieces of furniture from where the definition of “bookshelf” as well as “bookshelves” takes a cue. Due to the name implies, they’re essentially shelves arranged to support unique size books and the publication shelves may be open-backed or perhaps closed-backed. The most popular will be the 2-shelf, 3-shelf and 4-shelf bookcases although an affordable variety of 5 and 6-shel bookcases as well make their way in to book-loving homes, offices along with your local library. | <urn:uuid:8f655db6-27c4-4406-91b6-c1dd96ddfc90> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://annapollittphotography.com/12408-68-tall-bookcase/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.962789 | 535 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Many writers I speak to are nervous about the idea of becoming more like a marketer, less like a writer. They want their book to find an audience, and they assume that they have to try marketing “tricks” in order to do so.
But they don’t.
Building your platform as an author is actually the opposite: it is about becoming more like yourself; finding the voice for your writing career; establishing trusting relationships with your audience. It is NOT about simplifying who you are, changing your persona away from your core, or learning “tricks” to get people to pay attention to you.
There is also this perception that before the internet, successful writers enjoyed the freedom to just sit in their attics and write, write, write, never having to worry about building their audience or managing their writing career.
“Lowell wrote [perhaps thousand letters] during her lifetime to publishers, magazine editors, journalists—anyone who might be instrumental in promoting her books to the public. Now she had a staff to help her, of course. Even so, she did not have access to the kinds of social media and electronic platforms that I’m sure would have thrilled her. She did not believe that the work spoke for itself. An author had to speak up for her work and do so with a savvy understanding of the marketplace.”
“Hemingway had many of his exciting exploits recorded by press photographers. He got in on everything, even the D-Day invasion. He was always showing up in some high-circulation magazine like Life with a big fish on the hook or hunting rifle in hand. His visage was (and is) immediately recognizable. And he had no problem letting that familiar visage appear in ads, for which he also wrote the copy.”
It goes on:
“American writers have long had to keep an eye on money, marketing, and “self-legendizing.” Benjamin Franklin did it and so did Walt Whitman, Mark Twain, Zora Neale Hurston, Truman Capote, and George Plimpton… Whitman understood the importance of blurbs so well that he reviewed his own books, packing the reviews with blurbable quotes. He also quoted—in an ad (which he paid for himself) for Leaves of Grass (which he paid to have printed)—a kind letter from Ralph Waldo Emerson, without Emerson’s permission and to his chagrin. Mark Twain cultivated his own image even more rigorously than Hemingway did.”
What is nice about how the web has changed things is that writers can now connect with their audience in more meaningful ways, not creating fantastical stories, relying solely on established media outlets, or paying for expensive ads.
It is easy to romanticize that those who are now legends became so purely on the strength of their art. But that often ignores the hard road to success.
I was watching a documentary on David Bowie awhile back, which focused on his career moves that lead up to the success with his album Ziggy Stardust:
“What you didn’t realize [when Ziggy Stardust became a hit], is that he had been trying to become successful for 10 years.”
In those 10 years, David changed his name (from Jones to Bowie), and tried his hand at many different guises and styles, including: folk music, children’s music, R&B, rock, acting on stage and screen, and even appeared in an ice cream ad. It is clear that he was hunting for appreciation, validation, and reciprocation from an audience. And that if had found success as a folk singer or children’s singer, then we likely never would have had Ziggy Stardust.
In two weeks, I am going to see Bob Dylan perform again, whose musical influence is hard to even put into context. But he too changed his name, and at times, created a false backstory to create his legend based on things other than just the music. Over the years, he has been cagey about details.
Nowadays, it is the opposite. It is more about being HONEST about who you are, and using that authentic connection with others as a way to develop an audience for your writing. | <urn:uuid:b0c55f75-649a-4fae-8e3d-46c93d0521f0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wegrowmedia.com/finding-your-audience-is-about-becoming-more-like-yourself-less-like-a-marketer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.987562 | 894 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Your order must be $59 or more to qualify for free economy shipping.
Bulk sales, PO's, Marketplace items, eBooks and apparel do not qualify for this offer.
Get Rewarded for Ordering Your Textbooks!Enroll Now
Customer ReviewsRead Reviews
Write a Review
List Price: $39.99
Beginning C for Arduino¬ is written for individuals who have no prior experience with microcontrollers or programming but would like to experiment and learn both. The book blends a narrative that introduces the reader to the C programming language, reinforcing each programming structure with a simple, inexpensive, hardware experiment that demonstrates how the programming language can be used to control the Arduino (Atmel) family of microcontrollers as well as Arduino-compatible boards. You'll even be able to¬ use the code on¬ chipKit's¬ Max32, an Arduino-compatible PIC32-based board.¬ The author uses an engaging style to teach good programming techniques using examples that have been honed during his 25 years of university teaching.¬ ¬ ¬ Beginning C for Arduinowill¬ teach you:¬ ¬ The C programming language How to use C to control a microcontroller and related hardware How to extend C by creating your own library routines What you'll learn The syntax of the C programming language as defined for the Arduino Tried and true coding practices (applicable to any programming language) How to design, code, and debug programs that drive Arduino microcontrollers How to extend the functionality of C How to integrate low cost, off-the-shelf, hardware "shields" into your own projects Just how enjoyable and satisfying it is to implement a hardware-software design of your own creation Who this book is for The book is aimed at a complete novice with no programming background. It assumes no prior programming or hardware design experience and is written for creative and curious people who would like to blend a software and hardware learning experience into a single, enjoyable endeavor. | <urn:uuid:9d590654-9f63-4270-a022-ecdac3053eed> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ecampus.com/beginning-c-arduino-learn-c-programming/bk/9781430247760 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00550-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924686 | 412 | 2.40625 | 2 |
By CALVIN PYNN
WYTHEVILLE – Wythe County will host a free concussion education workshop for parents of youth football players next week as part of the county’s ongoing efforts aimed at making youth sports as safe as possible.
The informational seminar will be held at Wytheville Community College in Grayson Hall, Room 219, according to county spokesperson Jeremy Farley. It is slated to begin at 7 p.m. on Monday, Aug. 25.
Kevin Williams, Wythe County’s director of parks & recreation, said the free event is part of a greater countywide initiative intended to minimize concussions and their consequences.
“Earlier this summer, the county held two separate concussion workshops for coaches and referees,” Williams said. “At these events, local health officials discussed best practices in preventing concussions, as well as what to do in the event of a player showing warning signs of brain injury.”
Scotty Vaught, the county’s youth sports coordinator, has watched two generations pass through the county’s recreation league.
“Once concussions became a major topic on the national level, local sports officials began learning more about the long-term effects of head injuries,” Vaught said. “One result of our studies was to share the information we gathered with parents.”
The youth football league provided each child and parent with concussion literature at the time of registration this year. Each parent was required to read the publication with their child.
“Knowledge is power when it comes to preventing tragedy,” said Vaught. “By getting this information out there to as many people as possible, we believe that we’re doing our job in keeping kids safe.”
Monday’s concussion workshop will be taught by Traci Roberts, regional director of operations for Heartland Rehabilitation Services. It will be open free of charge to parents of youth football players in Wythe and Bland counties.
Individuals desiring more information about the event are encouraged to call (276) 223-4519. | <urn:uuid:fb6e97b1-2728-4a65-9e85-3e280cbc3d20> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.southwesttimes.com/2014/08/wythe-county-to-host-concussion-workshop-for-football-parents/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00244-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952767 | 434 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Is the library meeting the needs of its patrons? Surveys can provide feedback and direction for library services.
Need a sample survey? Several public libraries have made their own patron surveys available online, and you can view these for further assistance.
Constructed Google Search: Libraries with patron programming surveys
Constructed Google Search: Libraries with patron satisfaction surveys
Ferndale Public Library, Michigan via ERIC - the Education Resources Information Center
Patron Use of and Satisfaction with Services of the Ferndale Public Library, 1997-1998: A Survey. Final Report. (PDF) | <urn:uuid:3dd27f3b-1bc0-4587-8b0f-e7768e043671> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wikis.ala.org/professionaltips/index.php?title=Patron_Surveys&oldid=4538 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00480-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.858893 | 116 | 1.554688 | 2 |
- Open Access
Ovarian, uterine, and luteal vascular perfusions during follicular and luteal phases in the adult cyclic female rabbits with special orientation to their histological detection of hormone receptor
BMC Veterinary Research volume 18, Article number: 301 (2022)
Understanding the does reproductive hemodynamic changes during the estrous cycle is crucial for improving reproductive competence and fertility potential in this species. The objective of this study is to investigate the hemodynamic variations in ovarian (OA) and uterine (UA) arteries, histological and morphometric changes in ovarian and uterine tissues throughout the follicular (FP) and luteal (LP) phases in rabbits and determine estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) receptors, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) distributions using immunohistochemistry.
Fourteen adults pluriparous New Zealand rabbits were divided into rabbits at the FP (Day − 1; n = 7) and those at the LP (Day 9; n = 7). Animals were subjected to Doppler, hormonal (estrogen [E2], progesterone [P4], insulin-like growth factor [ILGF], and VEGF), histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. In LP, OA Doppler indices were significantly increased, whereas peak systolic velocity (PSV) was decreased compared with that in FP. UA Doppler indices were significantly decreased in the LP, whereas PSV was increased (P < 0.05). E2 levels were increased in the FP, whereas P4 levels were increased in the LP. The morphometric analysis of uterine tissues during the LP revealed an increase in the mean uterine endometrium length, endometrial connective tissue area percentage (%), endometrial glands number, myometrial area (%) and thickness. Furthermore, ovarian follicles and corpus luteum (CL) displayed strong positive immunoreactivity for ER, PR, and VEGF-A during both phases. The ovarian sections displayed a substantial (P < 0.05) increase in the area % of VEGF-A in the ovarian follicles during FP while in the CL during LP. Conversely, area percentage of VEGF-A immunoreactivity in the uterine luminal and glandular epithelia during the FP and LP revealed no differences. However, the number of VEGF-A–stained blood capillaries revealed an increase during LP than FP. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time the changes in both ovarian and uterine arteries during two different phases of the rabbit cycle in relation to the histo-morphometric analysis and distribution of ER, PR, and VEGF-A, which regulate uterine functions that play a role in reproduction.
Due to their friendliness, ease of handling and observation, and the potential for breeding, rabbits were a frequent species used as an animal models in scientific research in human and animal medicine [1,2,3]. Rabbits are induced ovulators; therefore, pregnancy is particularly distinct, which is just hours or days after mating [4, 5]. Receptive doe displays a larger number of ovarian follicles with an increased estrogen hormone level , resulting in reddish swollen vulva and lordosis . After coitus, the luteinizing hormone (LH) is released and reaches its maximum levels 1 h later, which results in ovulation [8, 9]. Currently, the estrogen hormone is dominant until corpus luteum (CL) formation . The rabbit ovary and uterus undergo substantial transformation following ovulation . The endometrium undergoes morphological and physiological cyclic changes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and regeneration [11, 12]. Therefore, angiogenesis, which is the development of new vasculature from preexistent vessels, plays a fundamental role in tissue remodeling and is necessary for implantation and normal pregnancy and proper uterine blood supply maintenance [13, 14].
During the reproductive cycle, both estrogen and progesterone hormones play a crucial role in controlling the uterine cyclic changes and functions of their receptors. Furthermore, these hormones influence the uterine vasculature growth either directly through their receptors or indirectly by initiating proangiogenic factor release, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) [12, 15]. VEGF is one of the most common angiogenic factors that stimulate robust angiogenesis, increases blood vessel permeability, and plays a crucial role in ovarian folliculogensis and consequently CL formation and maintenance [16,17,18]. VEGF exists in five isoforms, including VEGF-A, B, C, D, and E, and acts through three tyrosine kinase family receptors . VEGF-A is the key mediator of the angiogenic process, and its activity is mediated by binding to VEGF receptors (VEGF-R1 and VEGF-R2) on endothelial cells . By focusing its impact on (luteal phase) LP stages, VEGF protein is found in the hormone-producing cells of the CL in primates, with the largest concentration in granulosa-derived cells [20, 21]. VEGF is present throughout the LP; however, it becomes less prevalent as luteolysis progresses. Conversely, in sheep CL, a highly specific antibody detected VEGF in vascular pericytes although not in hormone-producing cells . Moreover, ovarian vessel formation and functionality mainly depend on VEGF-A due to its role in angiogenesis . Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are essential steroidogenesis promoters that could act at various points along the production route, such as promoting cholesterol substrate absorption, suppressing apoptosis that helps in luteal weight maintenance , and stimulating P4 secretion acutely. It was found that the members of the IGF family play significant roles in boosting angiogenesis through VEGF creation in luteal cells and steroid synthesis through major steroidogenic protein generation .
There are two main classical isoforms of estrogen receptor (ER): Erα and Erβ [26, 27]. ER and progesterone receptor (PR) were distinguished in the buffalo ovarian sections , both luminal and glandular epithelial cells in addition to stromal cells in the uterus of bovine during the follicular (FP) and luteal (LP) phases and in rabbits during pseudopregnancy . Nitric oxide (NO) is a paracrine mediator with a wide range of physiological roles, including arterial dilation/permeability modulation and neurotransmission . Several lines of evidence imply that NO is involved in cycle-dependent ovarian events, such as ovulation and luteal function modulation [32, 33]. To the best of our knowledge, the occurrence and distribution of these critical hormonal receptors (ER, PR, and VEGF-A) in the ovarian and uterine tissues with alterations in the vascularization of rabbits at the FP and LP have not been well studied. The practical applications of this study are summarized in the determination of the normal blood flow in both ovarian and luteal arteries in order to make a perfect judgment on the basic reproductive or biotechnological aspects of the rabbit. Therefore, this study aimed for the first time to investigate the hemodynamic variations in the ovarian (OA) and uterine (UA) arteries as well as the morphological and morphometric changes in the ovarian and uterine tissues during these two phases and determine the ER, PR, and VEGF-A distribution in these tissues in correlation to their serum hormonal changes using immunohistochemistry, as this study could open a wide field in rabbit reproduction via demonstration of the normal vascularization that occurred in those phases.
Materials and methods
Ethical approval (VET CU 12/10/2021/385) for this study was provided by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University.
Animals and housing
This study was conducted at Cairo university, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the Departments of Theriogenology, Anatomy, and Histology. The current study was performed on 14 cyclic healthy pluriparous female New Zealand rabbits (weighed 4.5–5.5 kg, with an average of 5 ± 0.5 kg; aged 3–4 years, with an average of 3.5 ± 0.5 years). All animals were divided into two groups: rabbits at the FP (Day − 1; n = 7) that were previously synchronized by receiving a subcutaneous 25 IU injection of PMSG 48 hr. before mating and subsequently received 25 μg of GnRH (Gonadorelin, Fertagyl; Intervet Inc., Boxmeer, Netherlands) following 48 hr. of forced mating with a sterile adult male ; the first FP after synchronization was examined. Rabbits at the LP (Day 9; n = 7) comprised the second group, which were previously synchronized and subsequently mated with a sterile adult male. The animals were anesthetized and sacrificed for anatomical examination (n = 4) and histological examinations (n = 10). All rabbits received food and water ad libitum and were housed in cages.
Ultrasound scanning and Doppler analysis
B-mode ultrasonography was performed after mating for 1 day to confirm ovulation, and this day was referred to as day 1 of the LP. Conversely, the FP was determined as the day before ovulation with the presence of the largest preovulatory follicle (Day − 1).
B-mode ultrasonogram (EXAGO, Meyreuil, France; brightness, 70%; depth, 3 cm; acoustic power, 87%; spectral insonation angle, 55°; and PRF, 3500 Hz) was performed using a 7.5-MHz, linear array probe. All examinations were performed by the same professional. B-mode ultrasonography of both ovaries and uterus was performed on days − 1 and 9. Also, B-mode ultrasonography was performed on day-3 to reveal the numerous follicles, as follicles on that day before ovulation are more than one, while with the progress of the ovulation the largest preovulatory one is ruptured which was confirmed by ultrasonography (Fig. 1a) and corpora lutea during the LP Day 9 (Fig. 1b). However, in color mode ultrasonograms, ovarian artery (OA) coloration was revealed during the FP with the presence of the largest preovulatory follicle (Fig. 1c), whereas a luteal artery (LA) supplying the CL with the presence of small growing follicles were observed in the LP (Fig. 1d).
The spectral wave was utilized to calculate Doppler parameters, including resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), and peak systolic velocity (PSV, cm/sec), to obtain the wave graph to evaluate the functionality of the known specific artery as ovarian (Fig. 1e, f), luteal, and uterine (Fig. 2a, b). In addition to uterine artery cross-sectional diameter was determined after color mode activation. RI was measured by an automatic equation in the device as follows RI = [PSV-EDV/PSV], while PI = [PSV-EDV/TAV], as TAV was the time average velocity to complete one cardiac cycle and EDV was the end point of velocity in the spectral graph as previously measured [35,36,37].
Anatomical examination and arterial angioarchitecture
Rabbits were anaesthetized with xylazine (1 mg/kg, IM) and ketamine (5% IV 10 mg/kg); then, they were sacrificed by exsanguination of the carotid arteries that permit the releasing of blood from blood vessels to facilitate its injection with latex later on. The exposed abdominal aorta was cannulated and rinsed carefully from clotted blood using warm normal saline; a gum milk latex emulsion (60%) colored with red ROTRING ink was subsequently injected . Then, the specimens were kept in a refrigerator until the latex was solidified and delight dissection occurred to examine the genital tract and its ovarian and uterine arterial supplies.
Based on our anatomical findings, the New Zealand rabbit ovary was suspended in the lateral abdominal wall by mesovarian ligament just caudal to the kidneys on both sides. It was elliptical, compressed dorsoventrally, and carried several follicles and CL on its surface that gave it an irregular surface (Fig. 3).
Blood sampling and hormonal analysis
Blood samples were collected in 2-mL syringes from the auricular vein and centrifuged at 2000×g for 10 min. Serum samples were stored at − 18 °C for hormonal assay. Estradiol 17β, progesterone, and IGF-1 were assayed using DRG diagnostics (Diagnostic Reagents) using ELISA with 9.8, 0.04, and 1.29 ng/mL assay sensitivities, respectively, as IGF-1 was analyzed using antibodies with high sensitivity for two different epitopes on IGF-1 . IGF-1 was determined by ELISA kit with a catalogue reference number (eia-4140).VEGF serum levels were measured using an ELISA kit with a 2.2-pg/mL sensitivity at (SINULOG, China; catalogue number: SL2247Hu). NO is determined by serum samples .
General histological examination
Histological preparation procedures were conducted following the protocol described by . Briefly, the ovarian and uterine tissues were sliced to 3–4-mm thickness, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for 48 h, dehydrated in graded ethanol concentrations, cleared in xylene, and embedded in paraffin. To examine the general tissue structure, the paraffin blocks were sectioned via a rotatory microtome at 4–6-μm thickness and dyed with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. Photographs were captured under different powers using Leica microscope (CH9435, Hee56rbrugg) (Leica Microsystems, Switzerland).
The endometrial length, area percentage (%) of the endometrial connective tissue (CT), number of endometrial glands as well as thickness and area % of the myometrium were assessed using the Image J program.
Thick deparaffinized ovarian and uterine sections (3–5 μm) were prepared for the immunohistochemical expression of ERα, PR, and VEGF-A following the manufacturer’s protocol. Slides were quenched in 3% hydrogen peroxide, washed in PBS, and blocked in 1% bovine serum albumin. Subsequently, they were incubated with a primary antibody monoclonal Anti-Mouse Estrogen Receptor alpha Monoclonal Antibody (EVG F9) (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Cat# # MA3–310, RRID: AB_347010, Dilution: 1:200), Anti Mouse Progesterone Receptor Monoclonal Antibody (PR-AT 4.14) (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Cat# MA1–410, RRID AB_2164327, Dilution: 5 μg/mL), and polyclonal anti-VEGF-A rabbit pAb (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Cat# GB-14400, Dilution: 1:500–1:1000) for 1 h; the slides were washed out by PBS and immediately incubated with a secondary antibody Horse Radish peroxidase Envision Kit (DAKO) for 20 min and then washed out and incubated with diaminobenzidine for 15 min. Then, after, the slides were washed with PBS, counter-stained with hematoxylin, rehydrated, cleared in xylene, and finally investigated using light microscopy.
Evaluation of immunohistochemical results “area %” (specific area/ antibody)
The areas that displayed positive brown immunostaining were selected for evaluation regardless of the strength of staining using some features (cell counter/color deconvolution/color threshold/IHC plugin) of the Image J program. The measurement units (pixels) produced by the Image J program were converted into actual micrometre units. ERα, PR, and VEGF-A immunostaining were measured as area (%) in a standard measuring frame in representative five fields for each subject (ovary and uterus) in all groups using 400× magnification power via light microscopy transferred to the screen.
All data were initially checked for normality, expressed as means and standard error of the mean, and analyzed using SPSS (version 20) using Student’s t-test to compare the FP and LP. P values < 0.05 indicated significant differences.
The Ovarian (OA) and Uterine (UA) arteries were the main arterial supplies of the genital system. The OA emanated from the abdominal aorta that extended from both sides laterally in a straight direction till released the uterine branch toward the uterine horn. Then, the OA bifurcated into the tubal branch to supply the oviduct and ovarian branch that entered the ovary as the luteal branch from its ventral surface (Fig. 4/ 2). Conversely, the UA was originated from the common iliac artery, passed caudally to ramify and arborize on the uterine horns and uterine body by several minute uterine branches, and provided a communicating branch to the oviduct (Fig. 4/ 7).
Hemodynamic variations during FP and LP
The OA, LA, and UA cross-sectional diameters (mm) were not affected during the FP and LP. Both Doppler indices (RI and PI) of the OA significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the LP compared with those in the FP, reflecting a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the PSV (cm/s) (14.22 ± 0.89 vs. 16.58 ± 0.69), since the PSV of the artery is inversely related with both Doppler indices (Table 1). LA Doppler indices significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the LP compared with those in the FP, suggesting that the LA PSV had a significant (P < 0.05) increase (16.25 ± 0.01 vs. 13.65 ± 0.01) (Table 1).
Finally, Doppler indices in the UA significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the LP compared with those in the FP, whereas those of the LA PSV showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase (17.35 ± 2.55 vs. 14.32 ± 0.01) (Table 1).
Hormonal variations during FP and LP
NO, VEGF, and ILGF were not affected by the phase in the female rabbits (Table 2). However, estradiol (E2) levels showed a marked (P < 0.05) decrease in the LP (65.21 ± 2.74) compared with those in the FP (126.28 ± 3.65). Furthermore, progesterone (P4) levels significantly increased (0.36 ± 0.01) in the mid-LP (4.74 ± 0.01) compared with those in the FP (0.36 ± 0.01).
Histologically, the cortical region of ovarian sections obtained during the FP (Fig. 5a & c) demonstrated various stages of ovarian follicles with interspersed stromal cells in between. The ovarian follicles were primordial; presented in groups of primary oocytes surrounded by single squamous cells and externally by theca folliculi under the covering germinal epithelium and tunica albuginea and single- and multiple-layered primary follicles; primary oocytes were surrounded by single- and multiple-layered follicular (granulosa) cells encapsulated by theca cells, finally, early and late stages of secondary follicles, wherein the primary oocytes were surrounded by several layers of granulosa cells with the presence of multiple spaces filled with fluid and externally by theca cells. These fluid-filled spaces coalesced with each other forming a single large antrum in the late stage of secondary follicles. The H&E-stained ovarian sections, which were obtained during the LP (Fig. 5b & d), exhibited well-developed and highly active corpora lutea with abundant small and large granulosa lutein cells, separated by blood capillaries, and enclosed by a well-vascularized CT capsule. The granulosa lutein cells were ovoid or polygonal in shape and exhibited spherical vesicular eccentric nuclei with well-defined nucleoli and vacuolated eosinophilic cytoplasm.
Additionally, the H&E-stained uterine sections, which were obtained from rabbits during both FP and LP (Fig. 5e-h), displayed the same histological structure as follows: inner endometrial layer (simple columnar luminal epithelium and lamina propria of the CT containing endometrial glands lined by simple columnar epithelium), middle myometrium (inner circular and outer interwoven longitudinal bundles of smooth muscles supported by dense fibrous CT and stratum vascular in between), and outer perimetrium. The most prominent findings were increasing the luminal epithelium folding and endometrial crypts in addition to the endometrial glands were straighter during the FP; however, during the LP, luminal epithelial cell proliferation was inhibited, with a significant increase in the amount of endometrial CT in addition to some endometrial glands that became more coiled and secretory with different lumina sizes.
Based on our morphometric data analysis in Table 3, the mean length of the uterine endometrium, area % of endometrial CT, number of endometrial glands, and myometrial area % and thickness were significantly (P < 0.05) higher during the LP (147.413 ± 7.280, 24.595 ± 1.216, 319.88 ± 13.023, 33.560 ± 2.527, and 201.171 ± 15.158, respectively) than those during the FP (28.810 ± 2.999, 4.830 ± 0.499, 184.13 ± 18.202, 22.392 ± 2.381, and 134.178 ± 14.298, respectively).
During the FP, both primary and secondary follicles (zona pellucida and granulosa cells) displayed a strong positive immunoreactivity for ERs and VEGF-A with a mean area % of 43.693 ± 1.349 and 27.501 ± 1.298, respectively that are markedly (P < 0.001) higher than those of primary follicles during the LP (31.11 ± 0.802 and 20.99 ± 0.655, respectively) as presented in (Figs. 6, 8 and Table 4). Whereas a significant (P < 0.001) immune expression for PRs was observed in the primary follicles during LP with a mean area% of 24.119 ± 0.729 than that during FP 17.078 ± 0.70 as presented in Fig. 7 and Table 4.
Regarding the CL, a substantial (P < 0.001) high immunoreactivity for ERs, PRs and VEGF-A was noticed in the granulosa lutein cells of mature CL throughout LP with mean area% of 40.372 ± 0.78, 70.158 ± 0.659, 48.618 ± 0.935, respectively than those of regressed CL during FP (7.241 ± 0.572, 25.374 ± 0.87, 26.184 ± 0.934, respectively) as presented in (Figs. 6, 7, 8 and Table 4).
As shown in (Figs. 6, 7 and Table 5), a substantial greater intensity was observed in the luminal and glandular epithelia during the FP with a mean area % of 56.650 ± 2.171 and 24.973 ± 1.328, respectively for ERs and 44.574 ± 2.434 and 47.761 ± 1.841, respectively, for PRs than those during the LP (20.602 ± 1.910 and 16.170 ± 2.711, respectively for ERs and 35.019 ± 2.826 and 33.198 ± 2.215, respectively for PRs). Furthermore, the endothelium of blood capillaries in the endometrial layer and larger vessels in the stratum vascular of the myometrium revealed an intense positive reactivity for ERs during the FP. While the area % of the immunoreactivity for VEGF-A in the luminal epithelial cells and endometrial glands during the FP (48.890 ± 1.673 and 49.178 ± 1.642, respectively) revealed nonsignificant differences compared with those during the LP (48.879 ± 0.457 and 50.321 ± 2.735, respectively). However, the number of VEGF-A–stained blood capillaries revealed a substantial increase during the LP (114 ± 5.291) compared with that during the FP (61 ± 6.557) as presented in (Fig. 8 and Table 5).
The rabbit ovary was compact and elliptical in its outline, which hung laterally by the mesovarium, as previously described . The right OA emanated before the left one from the abdominal aorta, which was verified in rabbits , and chinchilla . Our finding asserted that the OA releases uterine, tubal, and ovarian branches, which was confirmed by Kigata and Shibata ; however, this is inconsistent with the finding of Milanović et al. . Therefore, the OA is responsible for ovarian, oviduct, ovarian bursa, and uterine horn nutrition in rabbits , and bitch . The UA originated from the common iliac artery, which was inconsistent with the findings of Kigata and Shibata , who asserted that it emanated from the umbilical or common iliac artery. The UA is ramified to provide vaginal, cranial vesicular artery, and uterine branches, which is consistent with the findings of Kigata and Shibata .
Understanding the does reproductive hemodynamic changes during the estrous cycle is crucial for improving reproductive competence and fertility potential. Based on our results, the Doppler indices (RI and PI) were significantly lower during the FP than those during the LP.
The decreased Doppler indices indicate a decrease in arterial blood flow impedance with subsequent higher ovarian blood perfusion. These results are consistent with those reported in cows , buffaloes , jennies , dromedary camels , and women . The mechanisms describing the ovarian hemodynamics improvement, the day before the presumed ovulation, perhaps due to the neo-angiogenesis, arterio-venous connection formations, and vasoactive mediator release, are needed for ovulation and CL formation. Blood capillaries have been found in the granulosa-thecal cells during the LH increase and surge .
Furthermore, red blood cells have been demonstrated in the preovulatory human follicles granulosa cell layer on histologic evaluation through the time between LH peak and assumed ovulation . The control of ovarian hemodynamics is governed by steroid hormones, and its exogenous administration triggered substantial changes in the ovarian hemodynamics . The higher estradiol concentration in the FP, as described in this study, may explain the increase in ovarian blood perfusion. Recent studies reported that a strong correlation exists between estradiol (E2), a potent vasodilator, and ovarian blood flow (OBF) [47, 56]. Moreover, an OBF increase was noted after the treatment of postpartum ewes with estradiol 17β . Another possible explanation for the increased OBF is the LH-mediated histamine and/or prostaglandin release that directly affected the vascular permeability, subsequently leading to follicular edema.
Our results showed that the PSV increase and the RI and PI decrease in the UA were higher during the LP than those during the FP. The lower RI and PI values in the LP indicated a higher uterine arterial blood supply . Several studies on cows , dromedary camels , buffaloes , sows , and women are consistent with the findings of the current study. Uterine blood flow (UBF) regulations may be explained in the following points: (1) UBF may be increased via acetylcholine-mediated NO (potent vasodilator) synthesis, which modulates the vascular tone ; (2) other vasoactive mediators, including vasoactive intestinal polypeptide endothelium-derived hyperpolarization factor , and prostacyclin , contribute to higher vascularization; and (3) UBF is governed by steroid hormones . In rabbits, both estradiol and PRs were demonstrated in the smooth muscles of the UAs , suggesting that steroid hormones, especially estradiol, play a substantial role in UBF regulation [57, 69]. To verify the vasodilator and luteotrophic effect of E2 on the luteal (LBF) and UBF in rabbits, previous studies claimed that decreased E2 in X-ray-damaged ovarian follicles, although not CL, diminished the luteal function, progesterone secretion, and UBF .
Regarding the LBF changes in this study, a marked increase in PSV and decrease in RI and PI, which is meant by the CL hypervascularization, were noted during the LP; these values were lower than those in the FP. These results are consistent with those reported in cows , dromedary camels , and women . The understanding of how the LBF increases depends on several theories. First, the rabbit CL is structurally changed in the LP via the increase in the capillary intensity . Second, the rabbit CL vascularity is sinusoidal capillaries (characterized by the lack of autonomic nerves and smooth muscles in its wall), thereby explaining the low vascular impedance to the blood flow in the CL. Third, the peripheral vasodilatation of the CL via local NO (as reported in the current study) released from the vascular endothelium under the effect of LH-mediated eNOS action ; another vasodilatory effect of estradiol was demonstrated by , who reported that follicular-based estradiol is substantial for the luteal function of pregnant rabbits. Finally, other vasoactive compounds, including endothelin-1 and angiotensin, may be integrated into the LBF regulation [73, 74].
In this study, the histological investigation of ovarian sections during the FP showed several stages of ovarian follicles during folliculogenisis, which is consistent with the findings of Al-Saffar and Almayahi . Active CL was the most prominent finding in ovarian sections during the LP, which is due to the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of granulosa cells of the ruptured secondary ovarian follicle at the late stage. Furthermore, the presence of primordial and primary ovarian follicles during the LP was evident, which may be due to reduced LH levels and increased progesterone levels during this phase . Moreover, the histological examination of uterine sections at both the FP and LP revealed normal uterine wall architecture, including the endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium, which is consistent with the findings of .
The endometrium is a highly dynamic tissue that undergoes several steroid hormone-induced morphological and functional changes during the estrous cycle and pregnancy [77, 78]. In this study, the endometrium displayed evident morphological and functional changes owing to hormonal status. Based on our results, the FP revealed an increase in the luminal epithelial folding and endometrial crypts; however, the significant (P < 0.05) increase in the mean area % of endometrial CT and the number of endometrial glands was particularly observed during the LP. These results may be attributed to the high estrogen levels during the FP that stimulate the lamina epithelialis and upper stromal cells (outer functional zone of the endometrium) proliferation, whereas the increased P4 concentrations during the LP inhibit this proliferation and induce several morphological and functional changes to establish glandular secretory epithelial cells and vascular stroma in addition to increasing stromal cell differentiation . Furthermore, Das et al. stated that the uterine tissue during the interval when the environment moves from the estrous phase (estrogen only) to days 3.5–4 post-ovulation (higher progesterone levels), endometrial cells undergo rapid proliferation, and the increasing number of cells is accommodated by multiple endometrial fold formation. Conversely, on days 4–7 post-ovulation with increasing progesterone levels, epithelial cells undergo differentiation, including the appearance of stage-specific uterine secretions and epithelial cell surface modifications. These changes led to a division of early pseudopregnancy or pregnancy in rabbits into endometrial stages roughly equivalent to the proliferative and secretory phases of the primate cycle, days 1–4 and 4–7, respectively. Thus, the remarkable (P< 0.001) increase in the area % of endometrial CT during the LP may be attributed to the increased endometrial gland secretory activity, stromal differentiation, and stromal CT edema under the effect of progesterone .
In this study, the ovarian follicles revealed a positive immunoreactivity for ERα and PR during both the FP and LP, which is in harmony with the results in buffaloes . Furthermore, the CL displayed positive immunoreactivity for ERα, which is consistent with the findings of in the cows. Conversely to our result, Pathak et al. noticed weakly or absent ERα immune reaction in the CL. Rosenfeld et al. suggested that the presence of ERα and ERβ mRNA in the corpora lutea is indicative of their involvement in the CL development and maintenance.
Moreover, our study demonstrated a positive immunoreactivity for VEGF-A in the ovarian follicles and CL during both the FP and LP, which is consistent with the findings of who observed strong immunoreactivity for VEGF-A in the tertiary/Graafian follicles and the postovulatory follicular wall of the mare ovary in addition to moderate-to-strong reactivity in the lutein cells of mature CL. These results confirm the significant role of VEGF in intra-follicular oxygenation, dominant follicle selection, and CL development and maintenance [18, 84] providing substrates, including gonadotropins for ovarian follicles and progesterone precursors for CL, and facilitating steroid hormone delivery into the blood circulation . Several studies showed the fundamental role of VEGFs and angiopoietins in mediating ovarian angiogenesis and follicular vascularization in different species, including women , cows [87, 88], and mares . Additionally, VEGF is responsible for the increased vascular permeability that enables nutrients, oxygen, and regulatory molecules to supply to the oocyte [89, 90].
Based on our results, the immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that the distribution and intensity of immunoreactivity (staining) for ERs, PRs, and VEGF-A in the different uterine layers alter cyclically during the reproductive cycle in relation to circulating steroid hormone levels. These findings suggest the fundamental role of these receptors in rabbit reproduction. Similar results were reported for cows , and ewes .
Since the endometrium is the main target for the steroid hormones , estrogen in conjunction with progesterone play a significant role in controlling the uterine function mediated by their binding with their specific receptors . In this study, the area % of ER and PR expression in the luminal epithelium and endometrial glands are significantly higher during the FP than that during the LP. These findings are consistent with the results reported in cows , in ewes , in women , and in buffaloes . These results may be attributed to the remarkable increase in the estradiol level during the FP as shown in the current study, which up-regulates the PR and ER immune expression, and the significant increase in the progesterone concentrations produced by the developed CL during the LP down-regulates both receptors . Pathak et al. demonstrated that the lamina epithelialis of a buffalo’s uterus revealed high number of both ERα- and PR-positive cells during the FP compared with that during the LP, whereas the endometrial glands exhibited a significantly (P < 0.05) high number of ERα-positive cells and no significantly increased number of PR-positive cells during the FP compared with those during the LP. Winuthayanon et al. showed that ERα is required for uterine epithelium proliferation, consequently preventing its apoptosis.Furthermore, in this study, both luminal and glandular epithelial cells showed positive reactivity for VEGF-A with no significant differences in the area % of immunostaining during both the FP and LP. This result is consistent with the results of Sag˘söz and Saruhan who stated that no significant difference was noted in the intensity of VEGF immunoreactivity and the proportion of positive cells in the luminal epithelium, uterine gland, stroma, and smooth muscles of the bovine uterus during the FP and LP. Based on our results, strong immunoreactivity was observed in the vascular endothelium with a remarkable (p < 0.003) increase in the number of stained blood capillaries during the LP. Previous studies reported a strong immunoreactivity for VEGF in the endothelium and smooth muscle of blood vessels during the reproductive cycle [17, 100, 101]. This result suggests that VEGF allows angiogenesis and stimulates vascular permeability changes during the sexual cycle by stimulating the proliferation and migration of vascular endothelium and smooth muscle cells. Furthermore, Alan et al. reported that a particular concentration of VEGF is necessary for inhibiting endothelial cell apoptosis. Moreover, Cullinan-Bove and Koos showed that estrogen regulated the VEGF mRNA expression, whereas progesterone increased the VEGF mRNA levels in the uterus . However, the VEGF expression is not clearly understood and requires further studies.
The current study displayed that estrogen hormone in combination with progesterone play a critical role in the morphological and morphometric changes in the ovarian and uterine tissues of rabbits that are mediated by binding with their receptors. However, the VEGF-A expression and its role require further studies, but its expression suggests that VEGF plays an important role in angiogenesis, intra-follicular oxygenation, as well as the development of CL and maintenance. Moreover, our study provides valuable information about the does reproductive hemodynamic changes, measured by color spectral Doppler, during the estrous cycle in relation to the serum concentrations of progesterone, estradiol, nitric oxide, and insulin-like growth factor-1that is crucial for improving reproductive competence and fertility potential.
Availability of data and materials
All data collected or analyzed during this study are included in this published paper.
Imam MAR, Dorina M, Mohamed S, Ayman A, Monica M. Rabbits meat production in Egypt and its impact on food security, small holders income and economy. Agri Res Tech Open Access J. 2020;23(5):556251. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.19080/ARTOAJ.2020.22.556251.
Milanovic V, Radovanovic A, Vasilijic S, Mrvic V, Milosevic B. Histological and immunological changes in uterus during the different reproductive stages at Californian rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2017;23:137–44. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.9775/kvfd.2016.16008.
Al-Saffar FJ, Almayahi MS. Structural study of uterine tubes of the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) at different postnatal periods. Iraqi J of Vet Sci. 2019;33:277–88. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.33899/ijvs.2019.162911.
Nicholls PK, Sun Z, Heng S, Li Y, Wang J, Nie G. Embryo implantation is closely associated with dynamic expression of proprotein convertase 5/6 in the rabbit uterus. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2011;9:43–53. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1186/1477-7827-9-43.
Al-Saffar FJ, Almayahi MS. Histomorphological postnatal developmental study of the ovaries of the local rabbits (Oryctologus Cuniculus). Bas J Vet Res. 2018a;17(2):124–46.
Mogheiseh A, Derakhshandeh A, Batebi E, Golestani N, Moshiri A. Co-relation of estrous cycle phases with uterine bacterial and fungal flora in non-pregnant female laboratory rabbits. Iran J Vet Res. 2017;18(2):128–33.
Hoffman KL, Gonzales-Mariscal G. Relevance of ovarian signaling for the early behavioral transition from estrus to pregnancy in the female rabbit. Horm Behav. 2007;52:531–9. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2007.07.007.
Bakker J, Baum JM. Neuroendocrine regulation of GnRH release in induced Ovulators. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2000;21:220–62. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1006/frne.2000.0198.
Rebollar PG, Boscon DA, Millan P, Cardinalli R, Brecchia G, Sylla L, et al. Ovulating inducing methods in rabbit does: the pituitary and ovarian responses. Theriogenology. 2012;77:292–8. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.07.041.
Arce SRA, Gaona HV, Perez-Martinez M. Variation in distribution of interstitial and epithelial lymphocytes in female uterine tubes of rabbit during early stages of pregnancy. Tec Pecu Mex. 2008;46:333–44.
Arai M, Yoshioka S, Tasaki Y, Okuda K. Remodeling of bovine endometrium throughout the estrous cycle. Anim Reprod Sci. 2013;142:1–9. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2013.08.003.
Lupicka M, Zadroga A, Szczepańska A, Korzekwa AJ. Effect of ovarian steroids on vascular endothelial growth factor a expression in bovine uterine endothelial cells during adenomyosis. BMC Vet Res. 2019;15:473. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1186/s12917-019-2222-0.
Gargett CE, Rogers PA. Human endometrial angiogenesis. Reproduction. Endometrial endothelial cells express estrogen and progesterone receptors and exhibit a tissue specific response to angiogenic growth factors, vol. 121; 2001. p. 181–6.
Hervé MA, Meduri G, Petit FG, et al. Regulation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor Flk-1/KDR by estradiol through VEGF in uterus. J Endocrinol. 2006;188(1):91–9. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1677/joe.1.06184.
Huang TS, Chen YJ, Chou TY, Chen CY, Li HY, Huang BS, et al. Oestrogen induced angiogenesis promotes adenomyosis by activating the slug-VEGF axis in endometrial epithelial cells. J Cell Mol Med. 2014;18:1358–71. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1111/jcmm.12300 PMID: 24758741.
Geva E, Jaffe RB. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in ovarian physiology and pathology. Fertil Steril. 2000;74:429–38. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00670-1 PMID: 10973633.
Sag˘söz H, Saruhan BG. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors (flt1/fms, flk1/KDR, flt4) and vascular endothelial growth inhibitor in the bovine uterus during the sexual cycle and their correlation with serum sex steroids. Theriogenology. 2011;75:1720–34. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.01.012.
Kudsy M, Alhalabi M, Al-Quobaili F. Follicular fluid vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) could be a predictor for pregnancy outcome in normo-responders and polycystic ovary syndrome women undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment cycles. Middle East Fertil Soc J. 2016;21:52–6. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/j.mefs.2015.11.001.
Peach CJ, Mignone VW, Arruda MA, et al. Molecular pharmacology of VEGF-A isoforms: binding and Signalling at VEGFR2. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(4):1264. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ijms19041264.
Devesa J, Díaz MJ, Odriozola A, Arce V, Lima L. Neurorregulación de la secreción de hormona de crecimiento (GH) y expresión del gen de esta hormona en pro- y eucariotas. Endocrinología. 1991;38:33–41.
Silveira MA, Zampieri TT, Furigo IC, Abdulkader F, Donato J Jr, Frazao R. Acute effects of somatomammotropin hormones on neuronal components of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Brain Res. 2019;1714:210–7. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/j.brainres.2019.03.003.
Devesa J, Caicedo D. The role of growth hormone on ovarian functioning and ovarian angiogenesis. Front Endocrinol. 2019;10:450. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3389/fendo.2019.00450.
Kaczmarek MM, Schams D, Ziecik AJ. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in ovarian physiology - an overview. Reprod Biol. 2005;5(2):111–36 PMID: 16100562.
Yakar S, Adamo ML. Insulin-like growth factor 1 physiology: lessons from mouse models. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am. 2012;41(2):231–v. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/j.ecl.2012.04.008.
Uniyal S, Panda RP, Chouhan VS, Yadav VP, Hyder I, Dangi SS, et al. Expression and localization of insulin-like growth factor system in corpus luteum during different stages of estrous cycle in water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) and the effect of insulin-like growth factor I on production of vascular endothelial growth factor and progesterone in luteal cells cultured in vitro. Theriogenology. 2015;83(1):58–77. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.07.034 Epub 2014 Aug 1. PMID: 25304995.
Critchley HO, Saunders PT. Hormone receptor dynamics in a receptive human endometrium. Reprod Sci. 2009;16(2):191–9. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1177/1933719108331121.
Holm A, Nilsson BO. Identification and characterization of new mechanisms in vascular oestrogen signalling. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2013;113:287–93. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1111/bcpt.12118 PMID: 23953673.
Pathak D, Bansal N, Singh O, Gupta K, Ghuman SPS. Immuno localization of estrogen receptor (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) in uterus of Buffalo during follicular and luteal phases of estrous cycle. J Anim Res. 2019;9:185–93. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.30954/2277-940X.01.2019.26.
Abd-Elkareem MD. Morphological, histological and Immunohistochemical study of the rabbit uterus during Pseudopregnancy. J Cytol Histol. 2017;8:443. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.4172/2157-7099.1000443.
Abdelnaby EA, Abo El-Maaty AM. Melatonin and CIDR improved the follicular and luteal haemodynamics, uterine and ovarian arteries vascular perfusion, ovarian hormones and nitric oxide in cyclic cows. Reprod Dom Anim. 2021;56:498–510. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1111/rda.13888.
Snyder GD, Holmes RW, Bates JN. Nitric oxide inhibitsaromatase activity: mechanisms of action. J Steroid Biochem Molec Biol. 1996;58:63–9.
Abdelnaby EA, Abo El-Maaty AM. Effect of the side of ovulation on the uterine morphometry, blood flow, progesterone, oestradiol and nitric oxide during spontaneous and induced oestrus in lactating dairy cows. Reprod Dom Anim. 2020;(55):851–60. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1111/rda.13693.
Abdelnaby EA, Abo El-Maaty AM. Luteal blood flow and growth in correlation to circulating angiogenic hormones after spontaneous ovulation in mares. Bulg J Vet Med. 2017;20(2):97–109.
Armero E, Garcia-Ximenez F, Vicente JS, Baselga M. Cycle synchronization of rabbit does naturally mated or artificially inseminated. World Rabbit Sci. 1994;2:107–13. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.4995/wrs.1994.225.
Abdelnaby EA. Testicular haemodynamics, plasma testosterone and oestradiol concentrations, and serum nitric oxide levels in the Egyptian buffalo bull after a single administration of human chorionic gonadotropin. Reprod Domest Anim. 2022 Mar 30. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1111/rda.14117 Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35352415.
Hashem NM, EL-Sherbiny HR, Fathi M, Abdelnaby EA. Nanodelivery system for Ovsynch protocol improves ovarian response, ovarian blood flow Doppler velocities, and hormonal profile of goats. Animals. 2022;12(1442). https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3390/ani12111442.
El-Sherbiny HR, Fathi M, Samir H, Abdelnaby EA. Supplemental dietary curcumin improves testicular hemodynamics, testosterone levels, and semen quality in Baladi bucks in the non-breeding season. Theriogenology. 2022;188:100–7. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.020 Epub ahead of print. PMID: 356880.
El-Bably SH, Abouelela YS. Anatomical and radiographical studies on heart of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) with special references to its coronary arteries. Adv Anim Vet Sci. 2021;9(5):754–60. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.17582/journal.aavs/2021/9.8.1159.1168.
Considine RV, Sinha MK. Serum Immunoreactive- leptin concentrations in Normal weight and obese humans. N Engl J Med. 1996;28:573–81.
Abo El-Maaty AM, Abdelnaby EA. Follicular blood flow, antrum growth and angiogenic mediators in mares from ovulation to deviation. Anim Reprod. 2017;14:1043–56. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.21451/1984-3143-AR848.
Bancroft JD, Stevens A. Theory and Practice of histological techniques. 7th ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2013. p. 120–31.
Ishaya HB, Omaga I, Dibal NI, O. Attah MO. Comparative Histomorphology of the ovary and the oviduct in rabbits and pigeons. J Morphol Sci. 2018;35:242–6. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1055/s-0038-1675226.
Milanović V, Mrvić V, Nitovski A, Radović B, Milošević B. Angiography of A. ovarica in Californian rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).” ISSN 1313–7735, Research People and Actual Tasks On Multidisciplinary Sciences, vol1.2015.
Cevik-Demirkan A, Ozdemir V, Demirkan I. The ovarian and uterine arteries in the chinchilla (chinchilla lanigera). J S Afr Vet Assoc. 2010;81:54–7. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.4102/jsava.v81i1.97.
Kigata T, Shibata H. Ramification pattern of the arteries supplying the rabbit female genital organs. Anat Rec. 2020;303:1478–88. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1002/ar.24244.
Adams DR. Canine anatomy, a systemic study. 4th ed: lowa state press; 2004.
Abdelnaby EA, Abo El-Maaty AM, Ragab RSA, Seida AA. Dynamics of uterine and ovarian arteries flow velocity waveforms and their relation to follicular and luteal growth and blood flow vascularization during the estrous cycle in Friesian cows. Theriogenology. 2018;121:112–21. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2018.08.003.
Sayed M, EL-Shahat K, Eissa H, EL-Maaty A. Ovarian and uterine haemodynamics during the estrous cycle of egyptian buffaloes in relation to steroid hormonal and nitric oxide levels. Bulg J Vet Med First Online. 2021. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.15547/bjvm.2021-0048.
Farghali HA, AbdElKader NA, Fathi M, Emam IA, AbuBakr HO, Alijuaydi SH, et al. The efficiency of intrauterine infusion of platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of acute endometritis as assessed by endoscopic, Doppler, oxidative, immunohistochemical, and gene expression alterations in jennies. Theriogenology. 2022;181:147–60. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.01.023 Epub 2022 Jan 24. PMID: 35101679.
Rawy M, Derar D, El-Sherry T, Megahed G. Characterisation of follicular and luteal blood flow in female dromedary camel induced to ovulate using GnRH analogue. J Camel Pract Res. 2012;19:269–75.
Zaidi J. Blood flow changes in the ovarian and uterine arteries in women with normal and polycystic ovaries. Hum Fertil (Camb). 2000;3:194–8. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1080/1464727002000198971.
Gill RW. Accuracy calculations for ultrasonic pulsed Doppler blood flow measurements; 1982.
Campbell S, Bourne TH, Waterstone J, Reynolds KM, Crayford TJ, Jurkovic D, et al. Transvaginal color blood flow imaging of the periovulatory follicle. Fertil Steril. 1993;60:433–8 PMID: 8375522.
Collins W, Jurkovic D, Bourne T, Kurjak A, Campbell S. Ovarian morphology, endocrine function and intra-follicular blood flow during the peri-ovulatory period. Hum Reprod. 1991;6:319–24. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a137332.
Abdelnaby EA, Emam IA, Salem NY, Ramadan ES, Khattab MS, Farghali HA, et al. Uterine hemodynamic patterns, oxidative stress, and chromoendoscopy in mares with endometritis. Theriogenology. 2020;158:112–20. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.09.012 Epub 2020 Sep 12. PMID: 32956860.
EL-Sherbiny H, EL-Shahat K, EL-Maaty A, Abdelnaby EA. Ovarian and uterine haemodynamics and their relation to steroid hormonal levels in postpartum egyptian buffaloes. Bulg J Vet Med (online first). 2020. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.15547/bjvm.2020-0091.
Rosenfeld CR. Responses of reproductive and nonreproductive tissues to 17 beta-estradiol during ovine puerperium. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 1980;239:333–9. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1152/ajpendo.1980.239.5.E333.
Piacsek BE, Huth JF. Changes in ovarian venous blood flow following cannulation; effects of luteinizing hormone (LH) and antihistamine. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1971;138:1022–4. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3181/00379727-138-36042.
Lee W, Novy MJ. Effects of luteinizing hormone and indomethacin on blood flow and steroidogenesis in the rabbit ovary. Biol Reprod. 1978;18:799–807. PMID: 667264. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1095/biolreprod18.5.799.
Abouelela YS, Yasin NAE, El Karmoty AF, Khattab MA, El-Shahat KH, Abdelnaby EA. Ovarian, uterine and luteal hemodynamic variations between pregnant and non-pregnant pluriparous Egyptian buffalos with special reference to their anatomical and histological features. Theriogenology. 2021;173:173–82. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.06.022 PMID 34392170.
Ford SP, Christenson RK. Blood flow to uteri of sows during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy: local effect of the conceptus on the uterine blood supply. Biol Reprod. 1979;21:617–24. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1095/biolreprod21.3.617.
Tan SL, Zaidi J, Campbell S, Doyle P, Collins W. Blood flow changes in the ovarian and uterine arteries during the normal menstrual cycle. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175:625–31. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1053/ob.1996.v175.a73865.
Jovanovié A, Grbovié L, Tulić I. Predominant role for nitric oxide in the relaxation induced by acetylcholine in human uterine artery. Hum Reprod. 1994;9:387–93. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138514.
Jovanović A, Jovanović S, Tulić I, Grbović L. Predominant role for nitric oxide in the relaxation induced by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in human uterine artery. Mol Hum Reprod. 1998;4:71–6. PMID: 9510014. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1093/molehr/4.1.71.
Angus JA, Cocks TM. Endothelium-derived relaxing factor. Pharmacol Ther. 1989;41:303–52. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/0163-7258(89)90112-5.
Mäkilä U, Jouppila P, Kirkinen P, Viinikka L, Ylikorkala O. Placental thromboxane and prostacyclin in the regulation of placental blood flow. Obstet Gynecol. 1986;68:537–40 PMID: 3528955.
Ford SP. Control of uterine and ovarian blood flow throughout the estrous cycle and pregnancy of ewes, sows and cows. J Anim Sci. 1982;55:32–42 PMID: 6765316.
Perrot-Applanat M, Deng M, Fernandez H, Lelaidier C, Meduri G, Bouchard P. Immunohistochemical localization of estradiol and progesterone receptors in human uterus throughout pregnancy: expression in endometrial blood vessels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994;78:216–24. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1210/jcem.78.1.8288707.
Farhat MY, Lavigne MC, Ramwell PW. The vascular protective effects of estrogen. FASEB J. 1996;10:615–24 PMID: 8621060.
Hegele-Hartung C, Fritzemeier KH, Diel P. Effects of a pure antiestrogen and progesterone on estrogen-mediated alterations of blood flow and progesterone receptor expression in the aorta of ovariectomized rabbits. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1997;63:237–49. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/s0960-0760(97)00125-8 PMID: 9459190.
Dharmarajan AM, Bruce NW, Meyer GT. Quantitative ultrastructural characteristics relating to transport between luteal cell cytoplasm and blood in the corpus luteum of the pregnant rat. Am J Anat. 1985;172:87–99. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1002/aja.1001720107.
Abdelnaby EA. Higher doses of Melatonin affect ovarian and middle uterine arteries vascular blood flow and induce oestrus earlier in acyclic ewes. Reprod Dom Anim. 2020;55:763–9. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1111/rda.13678.
Rosiansky-Sultan M, Klipper E, Spanel-Borowski K, Meidan R. Inverse relationship between nitric oxide synthases and endothelin-1 synthesis in bovine corpus luteum: interactions at the level of luteal endothelial cell. Endocrinology. 2006;147:5228–35. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1210/en.2006-0795.
Seekallu SV, Toosi BM, Rawlings NC. LH pulse frequency and the emergence and growth of ovarian antral follicular waves in the ewe during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2009;7:78. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1186/1477-7827-7-78.
Al-Saffar FJ, Almayahi MS. Histomorphological and histochemical postnatal developmental study of the uteruses of the local rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Indian J Nat Sci. 2018b;9(50):14750–61.
Patel B, Elguero S, Thakore S, Dahoud W, Bedaiwy M, Mesiano S. Role of nuclear progesterone receptor isoforms in uterine pathophysiology. Hum Reprod Update. 2015;21(2):155–73. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1093/humupd/dmu056.
Vallejo G, La Greca AD, Tarifa-Reischle IC, Mestre-Citrinovitz AC, Ballare C, Beato M, et al. CDC2 mediates progestin initiated endometrial stromal cell proliferation: a PR signaling to gene expression independently of its binding to chromatin. Plos One. 2014;9:e97311. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0097311.
Daghash SM, Yasin NAE, Abdelnaby EA, Emam I, Tolba A, Abouelela YS. Histological and hemodynamic characterization of corpus luteum throughout the luteal phase in pregnant and non-pregnant buffalos in relation to nitric oxide levels based on its anatomical determination. Front Vet Sci Sec Vet Imaging. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.3389/fvets.2022.896581.
Das SK, Chakraborty I, Wang J, Dey SK, Hoffman LH. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and VEGF-receptor messenger ribonucleic acids in the peri-implantation rabbit uterus. Biol Reprod. 1997;56(6):1390–9. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1095/biolreprod56.6.1390.
Niswender GD, Juengel JL, Silva PJ, Rollyson MK, McIntush EW. Mechanisms controlling the function and life span of the corpus luteum. Physiol Rev. 2000;80:1–29. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1152/physrev.2000.80.1.1.
Pathak D, Bansal N, Ghuman SPS. Immuno-localization of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in the buffalo ovary in relation to their plasma hormonal levels. Indian J Anim Sci. 2021;91:723–8. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.30954/2277-940X.01.2019.26.
Rosenfeld CS, Wagner JS, Roberts RM, Lubahn DB. Intraovarian actions of oestrogen. Reproduction. 2001;122:215–26. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1530/rep.0.1220215.
Müller K, Ellenberger C, Schoon HA. Histomorphological and immunohistochemical study of angiogenesis and angiogenic factors in the ovary of the mare. Res Vet Sci. 2009;87:421–31. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/j.rvsc.2009.04.011.
Qiao J, Feng HL. Extra- and intra-ovarian factors in polycystic ovary syndrome: impact on oocyte maturation and embryo developmental competence. Hum Reprod Update. 2011;17:17–33. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1093/humupd/dmq032.
Watson ED, Al-Zi'abi MO. Characterization of morphology and angiogenesis in follicles of mares during spring transition and the breeding season. Reproduction. 2002;124:227–34 PMID: 12141935.
Wulff C, Dickson SE, Duncan WC, Fraser HM. Angiogenesis in the human corpus luteum: simulated early pregnancy by HCG treatment is associated with both angiogenesis and vessel stabilization. Hum Reprod. 2001;16:2515–24. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1093/humrep/16.12.2515.
Berisha B, Schams D, Kosmann M, Amselgruber W, Einspanier R. Expression and localisation of vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor during the final growth of bovine ovarian follicles. J Endocrinol. 2000;167:371–82. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1677/joe.0.1670371.
Schams D, Kosmann M, Berisha B, Amselgruber WM, Miyamoto A. Stimulatory and synergistic effects of luteinising hormone and insulin like growth factor 1 on the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and progesterone of cultured bovine granulosa cells. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2001;109:155–62. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1055/s-2001-14839.
Ferrara N. Vascular endothelial growth factor: basic science and clinical progress. Endocr Rev. 2004;25:581–611. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1210/er.2003-0027.
Tamanini C, De Ambrogi M. Angiogenesis in developing follicle and corpus luteum. Reprod Domest Anim. 2004;39:206–16. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2004.00505.x.
Robinson R, Mann G, Lamming G, Wathes D. Expression of oxytocin, oestrogen and progesterone receptors in uterine biopsy samples throughout the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in cows. Reproduction. 2001;122:965–79. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1530/rep.0.1220965.
Duan H, Xiao L, Hu J, et al. Expression of oestrogen receptor, androgen receptor and progesterone nuclear receptor in sheep uterus during the oestrous cycle. Reprod Domest Anim. 2019;54(10):1305–12. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1111/rda.13489.
Hapangama DK, Kamal AM, Bulmer JN. Estrogen receptor β: the guardian of the endometrium. Hum Reprod Update. 2015;21(2):174–93. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1093/humupd/dmu053.
Abd-Elkareem M, Abou-Elhamd AS. Immunohistochemical localization of progesterone receptors alpha (PRA) in ovary of the pseudopregnant rabbit. Anim Reprod. 2019;16(2):302–10. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.21451/1984-3143-AR2018-0128.
Boos A, Meyer W, Schwarz R, Grunert E. Immunohistochemical assessment of oestrogen receptor and progesterone receptor distribution in biopsy samples of the bovine endometrium collected throughout the oestrous cycle. Anim Reprod Sci. 1996;44:11–21. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/0378-4320(96)01492-3.
Spencer TE, Bazer FW. Temporal and spatial alterations in uterine estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression during estrous cycle and early pregnancy in the ewe. Biol Reprod. 1995;53:1527–43. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1095/biolreprod53.6.1527.
Mertens HJ, Heineman MJ, Theunissen PH, de Jong FH, Evers JL. Androgen, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression in the human uterus during the menstrual cycle. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2001;98:58–65. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1016/s0301-2115(00)00554-6.
Ing NH, Tornesi MB. Estradiol up-regulates estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor gene expression in specific ovine uterine cells. Biol Reprod. 1997;56:1205–15. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1095/biolreprod56.5.1205.
Winuthayanon W, Hewitt SC, Orvis GD, Behringer RR, Korach KS. Uterine epithelial estrogen receptor α is dispensable for proliferation but essential for complete biological and biochemical responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107:19272–7. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1073/pnas.1013226107.
Möller B, Rasmussen C, Lindblom B, Olovsson M. Expression of the angiogenic growth factors VEGF, FGF-2, EGF and their receptors in normal human endometrium during the menstrual cycle. Mol Hum Reprod. 2001;7:65–72. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1093/molehr/7.1.65.
Winther H, Dantzer V. Co-localization of vascular endothelial growth factor and its two receptors flt-1 and kdr in the mink placenta. Placenta. 2001;22:457–65. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1053/plac.2001.0655.
Alan T, Hemo I, Itin A, Peer J, Stone J, Keshet E. Vascular endothelial growth factor acts as a survival factor for newly formed retinal vessels and has implications for retinopathy of prematurity. Nat Med. 1995;1:1024–8. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1038/nm1095-1024.
Cullinan-Bove K, Koos RD. Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor expression in the rat uterus: rapid stimulation by estrogen correlates with estrogen-induced increases in uterine capillary permeability and growth. Endocrinology. 1993;133:829–37. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1210/endo.133.2.8344219.
Grazul-Bilska AT, Navanukraw C, Johnson ML, Arnold DA, Reynolds LP, Redmer DA. Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the ovine ovary throughout the estrous cycle. Reproduction. 2006;132(4):579–87. https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1530/REP-06-0009 PMID: 17008469.
The author’s sincere acknowledgement intended to Egyptian knowledge bank and Enago, the editing brand of Crimson Interactive Inc. for English language, grammar, punctuation, and spelling editing service, Special acknowledgment to all technicians in Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Cairo University, for their selfless help during the work.
Open access funding provided by The Science, Technology & Innovation Funding Authority (STDF) in cooperation with The Egyptian Knowledge Bank (EKB).
Consent to participate
All authors read and approved the manuscript.
Ethics approval and consent to participate
All animals were treated and used by following ethical approval from the Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Vet- CU- IACUC) with approval number Vet Cu12/10/2021/385.
All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
All methods are reported in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines.
There are no conflicts of interest to declare.
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
About this article
Cite this article
Abdelnaby, E.A., Yasin, N.A.E., Abouelela, Y.S. et al. Ovarian, uterine, and luteal vascular perfusions during follicular and luteal phases in the adult cyclic female rabbits with special orientation to their histological detection of hormone receptor. BMC Vet Res 18, 301 (2022). https://0-doi-org.brum.beds.ac.uk/10.1186/s12917-022-03390-6
- Estrogen receptor
- Endothelial growth factor
- Progesterone receptor
- Ovarian artery | <urn:uuid:88b5ca8e-43b8-4465-82f2-0cd57782f407> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://0-bmcvetres-biomedcentral-com.brum.beds.ac.uk/articles/10.1186/s12917-022-03390-6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.86675 | 17,835 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Come and learn about off-grid systems, from small to large this training course will give you an overview of all system sizes and types along with the basics of design and installation.
Topics covered will include:
- Small DC systems
- Small AC systems
- Household off-grid systems
- Commercial off-grid systems
- Island off-grid systems
- Design of off-grid systems
- Installation of off-grid systems
The training course will be presented by Wind & Sun.
Lunch and refreshments will be supplied.
Please aim to arrive 30min before scheduled start to allow time for refreshments, travel delays and a prompt start.
- Spaces are only available to the trade
- Spaces are limited, priority is to trade account customers - Register for an account here | <urn:uuid:49897019-8a49-46fc-9ce0-560ab287d8b8> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.eventbrite.com/e/off-grid-systems-training-course-registration-27047108630 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721355.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00014-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924518 | 162 | 1.703125 | 2 |
How to start a restaurant or catering business in Ontario
Table of contents
There are many different kinds of restaurants and catering services. Whether you’re interested in starting a café, a bar, family style restaurant or event catering business, you will be part of the food services industry.
Popular types of restaurants and catering businesses include:
- Gourmet and casual dining
- Fast-food and food trucks
- Pubs, bistros and brasseries
- Coffee shops and cafeterias
This guide focuses on operating an independent restaurant or catering business. For information on buying a franchise, visit the Canadian Franchise Association website or call them at 1-800-665-4232.
When you start a business there are several things to consider before you can sell your product or service. Most businesses in Ontario need to complete a minimum of three basic steps:
- Find out what licences and regulations apply to your type of business
- Choose a business structure and register or incorporate your business
- Determine if you will need to collect and remit HST
Our business start-up guide will give you more information on these steps and other basic requirements for starting a business in Ontario.
Starting a Business
Your business may need licences and permits from the federal, provincial and municipal levels of government.
In addition to the information you will find in this guide, you can use the Canada Business Permits and Licenses Search, powered by BizPaL, to find licences and regulations that may affect your business. You can also contact us to speak to someone about starting your business.
Permits and licences search
Restaurants and catering services are highly regulated in Ontario. Some common regulations that may apply to your business include:
Food safety and labelling
Your local health unit is the main contact for information on food safety. Local health authorities are responsible for carrying out food service inspections.
You should contact your local health authority and arrange an inspection of the premises, equipment and processes to make sure your business is complying with provincial and federal legislation.
The following link provides contact information for local health authorities that perform inspections on restaurants and food businesses in Ontario.
Local public health contacts
In addition to contacting your local health unit, if you are involved in the production, service or processing of food products, you will need to comply with safety standards and labelling regulations from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) and the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA).
Regulated products and sectors
Regulations for the food industry
Many municipalities have licences specific to food handling or food preparation. If your municipality is not listed in BizPaL, or you are not sure what municipality your business falls under, you can contact the Association of Municipalities of Ontario (AMO) for information on what municipal regulations, licences or permits will be needed to operate your business.
Association of Municipalities of Ontario
Tips and gratuities
As an employer in Ontario there are rules set out in the Employment Standards Act, 2000 (ESA) you need to follow in handling tips and other gratuities in your workplace. Generally, you cannot withhold, make deductions from, or make your employees hand over their tips or other gratuities. Find more information about your responsibilities and best practices for handling tips on the Ontario Ministry of Labour’s website or contact the ministry directly.
Contact Ministry of Labour
Tips and Other Gratuities
The Ontario government prohibits smoking in all enclosed workplaces and enclosed public places. Find out what your responsibilities are, what is required for inspections and how to get “No Smoking” signs.
Selling and Serving Alcohol
If you plan on selling or serving alcoholic beverages, you will need one or all of the following:
You will need a liquor licence for your business if you sell or serve alcoholic beverages in an area where light meals are available.
Contact the Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario (AGCO)
Applying for a Licence
Bring Your Own Wine (BYOW)
The BYOW endorsement allows customers of your licensed establishment to bring unopened wine from home. If you are interested in getting a BYOW endorsement for your business, contact the AGCO.
Your business can get a catering endorsement from the AGCO if you wish to sell and serve liquor at catered events in an unlicensed area.
Special Occasion Permit
You will need a permit to serve alcohol at special events such as weddings or charity fundraisers. Special Occasions Permits cannot be issued for a private residence.
Contact the Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario (AGCO):
Special Occasion Permit
Maintaining High Health Standards
Your restaurant or catering business will be inspected and appraised, so you should strive to maintain high health standards. When you are dealing with health issues, there are several standards that you may need to be aware of including:
- Food temperature control
- Protection of food from contamination
- Employee hygiene and hand washing
- Maintenance and sanitation of surfaces and equipment that come into contact with food
- Maintenance and sanitation of surfaces and equipment that do not come into contact with food
- Maintenance and sanitation of washrooms
- Storage and removal of waste
- Pest control.
For further information, call your local Public Health Unit.
When your business uses recorded music, you are responsible for obtaining the right licence(s) for that use. The Copyright Board of Canada works with individual copyright collective societies who provide music licensing. Contact the following two organizations for more information.
Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada (SOCAN) Music Licence
SOCAN is a not-for-profit organization that represents the performance rights of music creators and music publishers. They can help you learn about your obligations and obtaining the required license(s).
Tariffs & forms - Music in a business
Re:Sound Music Licensing Company
Re:Sound is the Canadian not-for-profit organization that represents the performance rights of artists and record companies, and provides the legally required license(s) for businesses. You can get help determining what licence(s) will be required, what the licensing process will be and how much it will cost.
If you have legal questions, contact a lawyer who deals with business regulations. The Law Society of Upper Canada's Law Society Referral Service may be able to assist you in finding a lawyer or paralegal, based on your needs.
Law Society Referral Service
Depending on your location and the type of products or services being offered, federal, provincial and/or municipal business taxes may apply.
If you sell goods and services in Ontario, you may need a business number to collect and remit the Harmonized Sales Tax (HST). Most businesses that make less than $30,000 in any 12 month period are not required to charge HST; however, you can register voluntarily and claim input tax credits. Speak with the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) for more information.
Canada Revenue Agency
Additional tax requirements that may apply to restaurants and caterers in Ontario include:
Prepared food and beverages
The following will help you understand how to charge the Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) on prepared food and beverages.
Harmonized Sales Tax for Ontario - Point-of-Sale Rebate on Prepared Food and Beverages
Coupons and gift certificates
If you offer coupons and gift certificates, find out how to apply the HST when you sell them, and when you redeem them.
How to treat coupons and gift certificates
Alcoholic beverages – Beer and Wine Tax
In addition to charging HST, you need to know how much tax was collected on beer and wine products you sell to customers. Ontario manufacturers charge a special beer and wine tax to suppliers, which is included in the price you pay for your inventory. If requested, you need to be able to tell your customers how much beer and wine tax was paid.
Contact the Ministry of Revenue:
Beer and Wine Tax
Canada Business can help you find government financing options for your business. There are programs that apply to businesses across Canada, and others that apply only to businesses in Ontario. Use the Canada Business financing search tool or browse by type of financing.
Canada Business: Government grants and financing
From day-to-day operations to long-term planning, learn how to manage your business efficiently.
If you are interested in finding an association, use our secondary market research service request and have us search for one based on your needs.
Industry specific information
You can also find books, magazines and other relevant print material at business service organizations in your community. To locate a Canada Business Ontario (CBO) community partner, contact us at 1-888-576-4444. | <urn:uuid:093ed0a0-a216-4164-963f-7a4732a445b0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cbo-eco.ca/en/index.cfm/starting/how-to-start-a/how-to-start-a-restaurant-or-catering-business-in-ontario/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00091-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907892 | 1,811 | 2.015625 | 2 |
At some time during you stay in Mexico, and especially if you live here permanently, you may hear the term "limpia de huevo" or in other words a "cleansing by egg". This cleansing is part of the cure for a number of infirmities that can be generally catergorized as either a "mal de ojo", an "espanto", an "empacho", or a "caída de mollera". The first three can relate to anybody but the last one, la "caída de mollera" is related to children under two years of age. I will try to explain them one at a time.
El Mal de Ojo literally means "bad eye," but in a broader sense it is the cross-cultural belief in evil eye. Mal de ojo occurs when someone who is weak, or an infant or a child, is stared at by a person with a piercing glance especially if the stare is a result of jealousy or envy. The stare is said to make the affected person's spirit sick. The symptoms of mal de ojo include headaches, high fever, fretfulness, and in the case of children, weeping and a refusal to eat or sleep.
El Espanto is an illness that can affect anyone at any age. It usually originates when someone receives a sudden fright and is terrified. The person becomes listless and depressed, doesn't want to talk, doesn't want to eat, can't sleep, is feverish, and wants to remain in bed. It is also called "La pérdida de la sombra" or "Loss of the shadow" meaning that a person's shadow, symbolizing his or her soul, has separated from their body. It is said that the person suffers from "tired blood". To hear people talk about it the symptoms of the most serious cases sound like what we might call "Post Traumatic Stress Disorder" in English. The mildest cases and probably most frequent are children who wake up from a nightmare crying for their mommy, trembling, and bathed in sweat who don't want to go back asleep again.
El Empacho is usually caused by some dietary problem such as a lump of food that sticks to the walls of the intestines or the stomach often caused by a sudden change in infant formula. Other causes of empacho include eating improperly cooked foods or swallowing hard to digest items such as chewing gum. All age groups are potentially susceptible to an empacho with infants being at the highest risk followed by children. Symptoms of an empacho can be bloating, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, and lethargy in general.
La Caída de Mollera is a bit more complicated and can be a very serious matter mainly because it occurs in infants. The Spanish word "mollera" in this case means "fontanelle" in English and it is the diamond shaped area in the front part of the top of the skull in infants where the bones of the skull take up to two years to fully close from the time of birth. A "caída de mollera" is when this area becomes sunken in, due in most cases to dehydration. The dehydration can come from a disease that causes vomiting or dysentery or any number of situations where the tiny body of the infant lacks sufficient fluids. There is sometimes a lot of guilt associated with a caída de mollera and a young mother thinking that it his her fault for handling the baby too roughly or removing the baby's mouth from her breast too rapidly, then takes the baby to a "curandero" or "healer". Some curaderos are quite knowledgeable but there are others who are merely quacks. The bad curandero may turn the baby upside down and hold it by its feet or put his finger in the baby's mouth and push up on the roof of the mouth trying to get the mollera to pop up again. The real culprit, however, is the dehydration and if the baby isn't re-hydrated within a few hours it will die. When this happens there is much shame attached to the mother. Nowadays, thanks to modern education and access to proper medical care this is becoming a thing of the past in Mexico but in some rural areas it can still happen.
Now, this is where the "limpia de huevo" comes in to play. All of the above conditions are candidates for the egg cleansing in conjunction with other treatment. In the case of the first three it is amazingly effective although I would attribute most of the cure if not all, not to the egg, but to love and faith. In the case of children most of the problem usually stems from some kind of stomach ailment. Someone, usually a grandmother, will take an egg (preferably from a black feathered chicken if available) and pass the unbroken egg all over the body of the child while reciting either the Lord's Prayer or the Apostles Creed (whichever is the local custom). Depending upon the specific situation sometimes they will use a bundle of an herb called "epazote" (Dysphania ambrosioides) instead of an egg. Afterward passing the egg over the body they crack open the egg and put it in a glass jar and set it under the bed (same with the epazote) and in the morning the egg will have become darker and one should be able to see one or more bubble-like "ojos" or "eyes". The epazote has no visible changes. The mother or grandmother then takes the egg (or the epazote) away from the house and throws it in a ditch over her shoulder and returns to the house being careful not to look back lest the "mal de ojo" return. In the case of a child having stomach troubles the grandma also gently rubs their tummy with lard or cooking oil in a soothing manner and whispers prayers and lullabies until the child falls asleep. She also gives them a powder called "Estomaquil" mixed with a little water or oil. The Estomaquil is available in all farmacias and is the Mexican variety of "Milk of Magnesia". Yes, the cure does have its superstitious element but in my opinion the common sense, the experience, and the love of the grandma is the real basis for the "cure".
I have a variation of the cure that works the best for me. Instead of the Estomaquil I substitute a wee dram of Jack Daniels (or two or three). Hey! Stop clucking your tongue. It works for me!
- ► 2016 (31)
- ► 2015 (8)
- ► 2013 (15)
- ► 2012 (20)
- ► 2011 (37)
- ▼ August (6)
- ► 2009 (140)
- ► 2008 (116) | <urn:uuid:69b1bd08-8212-4227-9a7a-5ae88bd318dd> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://mexicobob.blogspot.com/2010/08/evil-eye.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00293-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94944 | 1,419 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Is life getting just a little too stressful for you these days? The good news is that there are plenty of ways to minimize everyday stress and pressure, especially if you catch the problem before it gets out of hand. But don’t expect a one size fits all solution, because everyone deals with stressful circumstances differently.
When the pressures of daily life grow to a certain point, some turn to meditation and quiet moments away from the noise of the crowd. Others simply soak away their troubles in a warm tub of water, enjoy vaping their favorite dry herbs, listen to relaxation audiotapes, take up a new hobby, go for a walk, do full body stretching routines, and more. The thing to remember is that stress relief is personal, so not all the following techniques will work for everyone. But, when you find one that suits your personality, try it out and see how much less worrisome life can be.
Get a vaporizer
Vaporizers have been a staple of the consumer marketplace for well more than a decade. The devices come in all sizes, shapes, and price points, but they all deliver a deeply relaxing experience based on whatever dry herbs you choose. In addition to being totally smokeless and 100 percent energy efficient, today’s portable and desktop vaporizers are a good value for people who like the refined, clean taste of natural herbs. Shop at the better online resellers for a model that suits your particular needs and fits your budget. Say goodbye to stress and hello to deep relaxation with a vaporizer unit for your home or office.
Use relaxation recordings
It’s easy to find no cost or very low-cost relaxation audio recordings at hundreds of different online websites. A simple search will turn up more than you can use in a year’s time, but some are better than others, so stick with sellers and free providers who have been around for several years. The process is as simple as can be. Place headphones or earbuds on, start the recording, and sit in a chair or lie on a bed or couch. In less than 20 minutes per day, these specially designed spoken or all music recordings can drop your stress level from 100 to near zero. Many people fall asleep while listening, so try sitting in a chair if you want to stay awake but relaxed.
Take regular stretch and walk breaks
Plan to take two or three (or more) stretching and walking breaks every day, even if you’re not at work. Do simple stretches that don’t cause any pain but give your whole body a sense of elongating and relaxing. Walk wherever you like and don’t worry about keeping a brisk pace because this is not about exercise. It’s about relaxation.
Learn a craft
Consider learning a craft that you’ve always been interested in. Whether it’s knitting, acrylic painting, clay sculpting, drawing, woodworking, or something else, the particular activity doesn’t matter as much as the fact that it takes your mind off job and life worries. Avoid complex crafts and try to start out with simpler ones. | <urn:uuid:10ccfd5a-aea8-44df-9496-c23f78d1ef9f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://londonlovesbusiness.com/fours-ways-to-decrease-life-stress/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.931014 | 636 | 1.53125 | 2 |
AT A GLANCE
Received his PhD in physical biochemistry from the University of Constance, Germany.
Completed a two-year postdoctoral fellowship at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund in London, followed by three years at the ICRF in functional genomics.
Interests focus on developing the use of arrays and other assay techniques to analyze molecular interactions in living organisms.
Last Friday at the IBC Microarrays for Diagnostics Conference in San Diego, Jörg Hoheisel, head of the division of functional genome analysis at the German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) in Heidelberg, Germany, spoke about his work to develop improved array-based assays for DNA and protein analysis.
Hoheisel discussed a DNA cancer chip he has developed, with 12,000 PCR products, including 5,000 known genes and 7,000 unique genes from a collaborative project with Roche and Merck. “The idea of this array was to identify those genes relevant to [cancer] diagnostics, then move to a low-density, low complexity chip,” he said.
He also spoke about the lab’s recent move back to radioactive labels from fluorescence to gain sensitivity — a move which allowed them to find twice as many genes in a cervix carcinoma with the cancer chip. Now, the group is beginning to use PNA, a synthetic alternative to DNA probes that requires no labeling or sample amplification. When a target binds to the PNA probe, the binding is detected through the presence of phosphates, which PNA does not include but DNA and RNA do. The phosphates are measured with mass spectrometry, which is sensitive enough to detect very low levels of target molecule, Hoheisel said. But the group has not yet optimized the surface chemistry for this new PNA-based array system.
On the microarray analysis front, Hoheisel said he favors methods that don’t just cluster data, but actually can map the results of microarray experiments to the phases of the cell cycle, as well as those that combine epidemiological data with the more traditional clustering results.
Recently, Hoheisel’s group has begun beta testing a custom high-density arraying machine from febit of Mannheim, Germany. This benchtop instrument combines DNA synthesis, microfluidics-based hybridization, and CCD hybridization detection, and makes chips with 30,000 features in four subunits. The group has also been working on antibody arrays.
At the conference, BioArray News caught up with Hoheisel to discuss his work.
What do you think the biggest challenge is with working with microarrays?
The interpretation. We have so much data. Usually just a minor part is published and the rest is dumped into the database, never to be used again.
Once there are established standards about data analysis that are commonly used, the MIAME (minimum information about a microarray experiment) criteria, the idea is to reuse the data.
How do you find the MIAME standard? Is it tough to get all that information into your database?
We actually require more information ourselves, partly because we want to use the annotations for analyzing the data. The more data we have, the more we can hopefully learn from the annotation. In terms of a minimal agreeable standard, [MIAME] is a reasonable amount. Less would not be good, because otherwise, you would be able to look at your data and I would be able to look at my data but we would not be able to compare.
In your talk, you said you have gotten positive results from febit’s array machine. Can you elaborate?
The main advantage of the machine is the flexibility. I can make one chip today, another chip the next day. Never mind what sort of chip, I do what I want. I can also learn empirically. I can synthesize the appropriate chip, do some analysis, and find out that out of 64,000 oligos, 10 percent doesn’t work. So I throw them out, and redesign for those 10 percent new oligos, synthesize a new chip, and go ahead to form the optimum array for whatever sort of analysis I can do.
Also the fluidics system gives you advantages. The hybridization occurs in very limited volume. I can move that volume across the oligos and I can do PCR on the chip. Each element can go down [on the chip] the way I like it. We can put double-stranded pieces of DNA on the chip, starting from the oligo then doing a polymerase reaction on the chip and eventually ending up with double-stranded piece of DNA on the spot. That’s good for SNP analysis or protein DNA interactions or for exon identification. You could, for instance, start with an oligo at the end of an exon, and given any population of RNA, hybridize this population to the chip, then do a polymerase reaction, then we check what was the next base you can find: Is it after exon three, exon four, or exon 3A, which has not been annotated in the human sequence? This sort of thing can be done.
Did you ever use Affymetrix?
Not really. We have the system in house, but I am more interested in [developing arrays] myself. Originally in 1991, we used filter arrays for mapping, then for transcriptional profiling at a low level, with several thousands of molecules on filter arrays. I have been in the array business for fourteen years now, starting as a postdoc. I entered the Imperial Cancer Research Institute in 1989. I knew the PhD student in [Ed Southern’s] lab that did the work.
Having seen where DNA arrays started out and where they are, are there any lessons for protein array technology?
Sure. At the moment, there is the same hype as there was with the DNA arrays. And there are multiple problems with the arrays. For instance, there is no problem with spotting antibodies, which are simple molecules, but to make them work properly is a totally different ballgame. And to interpret the data is going to be much more complex than interpreting DNA data. It will take more effort to get this going. It will eventually work. But it will take five years.
Now in your talk, you said that there were no surface chemistries that worked well for antibody arrays...
We have found a couple of chemistries that seem to work with the more global approach. Extracting many proteins from a given tissue, labeling them, then incubating them with the antibody array, you have a lot of problems due to the differences between the proteins. They are bound to each other in complexes. They are non-specifically bound to each other. They have different hydrophobicities. Do you incubate for an hour or do you incubate for 20 hours? After twenty hours, the small ones will be bound but the big one is just about to be bound. If you incubate for an hour the big one will be fine but the small one will not be bound at all. So there is a lot to be done. | <urn:uuid:0bfe873d-6c5c-48e4-86a2-c041771274ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.genomeweb.com/arrays/jrg-hoheisel-head-dkfz-functional-genome-analysis-division | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.951493 | 1,477 | 2.3125 | 2 |
(1) "Alcohol" means:
(A) Any substance containing any form of alcohol, including, but not limited to, ethanol, methanol, propenyl and isopropanol;
(B) Beer, ale, port or stout and other similar fermented beverages, including sake or similar products, of any name or description containing one half of one percent or more of alcohol by volume, brewed or produced from malt, wholly or in part, or from any substitute for malt;
(C) Distilled spirits or that substance known as ethyl alcohol, ethanol or spirits of wine in any form including all dilutions and mixtures thereof from whatever source or by whatever process produced; or
(D) Wine of not less than one half of one percent of alcohol by volume.
(2) "Alcohol concentration" means:
(A) The number of grams of alcohol per one hundred milliliters of blood;
(B) The number of grams of alcohol per two hundred ten liters of breath;
(C) The number of grams of alcohol per sixty-seven milliliters of urine; or
(D) The number of grams of alcohol per eighty-six milliliters of serum.
(3) "At fault traffic accident" means, for the purposes of waiving the road test, a determination of fault by the official filing the accident report as evidenced by an indication of contributing circumstances in the accident report.
(4) "Commercial driver's license" means a license or an instruction permit issued in accordance with the requirements of this article to an individual which authorizes the individual to drive a class of commercial motor vehicle.
(5) "Commercial driver's license information system" is the information system established pursuant to the Federal Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act to serve as a clearinghouse for locating information related to the licensing and identification of commercial motor vehicle drivers.
(6) "Commercial driver instruction permit" means a permit issued pursuant to subsection (d), section nine of this article.
(7) "Commercial motor vehicle" means a motor vehicle designed or used to transport passengers or property:
(A) If the vehicle has a gross combination vehicle weight rating of twenty-six thousand one pounds or more inclusive of a towed unit(s) with a gross vehicle weight rating of more than ten thousand pounds;
(B) If the vehicle has a gross vehicle weight rating of twenty-six thousand one pounds or more;
(C) If the vehicle is designed to transport sixteen or more passengers, including the driver; or
(D) If the vehicle is of any size and transporting hazardous materials as defined in this section.
(8) "Commissioner" means the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles of this state.
(9) "Controlled substance" means any substance classified under the provisions of chapter sixty-a of this code, the Uniform Controlled Substances Act, and includes all substances listed on Schedules I through V, inclusive, of article two of said chapter, as revised. The term "controlled substance" also has the meaning such term has under 21 U.S.C. §802.6 and includes all substances listed on Schedules I through V of 21 C.F.R. §1308 as they may be amended by the United States Department of Justice.
(10) "Conviction" means an unvacated adjudication of guilt; a determination that a person has violated or failed to comply with the law in a court of original jurisdiction or by an authorized administrative tribunal or proceeding; an unvacated forfeiture of bail or collateral deposited to secure the persons appearance in court; a plea of guilty or nolo contendere accepted by the court or the payment of a fine or court cost or violation of a condition of release without bail regardless of whether or not the penalty is rebated, suspended, or probated.
(11) "Division" means the Division of Motor Vehicles.
(12) "Disqualification" means any of the following three actions:
(A) The suspension, revocation, or cancellation of a driver's license by the state or jurisdiction of issuance.
(B) Any withdrawal of a person's privilege to drive a commercial motor vehicle by a state or other jurisdiction as the result of a violation of state or local law relating to motor vehicle traffic control other than parking or vehicle weight except as to violations committed by a special permittee on the coal resource transportation system or vehicle defect violations.
(C) A determination by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration that a person is not qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle under 49 C.F.R. Part §391 (2004).
(13) "Drive" means to drive, operate or be in physical control of a motor vehicle in any place open to the general public for purposes of vehicular traffic. For the purposes of sections twelve, thirteen and fourteen of this article, "drive" includes operation or physical control of a motor vehicle anywhere in this state.
(14) "Driver" means a person who drives, operates or is in physical control of a commercial motor vehicle in any place open to the general public for purposes of vehicular traffic or who is required to hold a commercial driver's license.
(15) "Driver's license" means a license issued by a state to an individual which authorizes the individual to drive a motor vehicle of a specific class.
(16) "Electronic device" includes, but is not limited to, a cellular telephone, personal digital assistant, pager or any other device used to input, write, send, receive, or read text.
(17) "Employee" means an operator of a commercial motor vehicle, including full time, regularly employed drivers, casual, intermittent or occasional drivers, leased drivers and independent, owner-operator contractors when operating a commercial motor vehicle, who are either directly employed by or under lease to drive a commercial motor vehicle for an employer.
(18) "Employer" means a person, including the United States, a state or a political subdivision of a state, who owns or leases a commercial motor vehicle or assigns a person to drive a commercial motor vehicle.
(19) "Endorsement" means an authorization to a person to operate certain types of commercial motor vehicles.
(20) "Farm vehicle" includes a motor vehicle or combination vehicle registered to a farm owner or entity operating the farm and used exclusively in the transportation of agricultural or horticultural products, livestock, poultry and dairy products from the farm or orchard on which they are raised or produced to markets, processing plants, packing houses, canneries, railway shipping points and cold storage plants and in the transportation of agricultural or horticultural supplies and machinery to the farms or orchards to be used on the farms or orchards.
(21) "Farmer" includes an owner, tenant, lessee, occupant or person in control of the premises used substantially for agricultural or horticultural pursuits who is at least eighteen years of age with two years licensed driving experience.
(22) "Farmer vehicle driver" means the person employed and designated by the "farmer" to drive a "farm vehicle" as long as driving is not his or her sole or principal function on the farm and who is at least eighteen years of age with two years licensed driving experience.
(23)"Felony" means an offense under state or federal law that is punishable by death or imprisonment for a term exceeding one year.
(24) "Gross combination weight rating (GCWR)" means the value specified by the manufacturer as the loaded weight of a combination, articulated vehicle. In the absence of a value specified by the manufacturer, GCWR will be determined by adding the gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of the power unit and the total weight of the towed unit and load, if any.
(25) "Gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR)" means the value specified by the manufacturer as the loaded weight of a single vehicle. In the absence of a value specified by the manufacturer, the GVWR will be determined by the total weight of the vehicle and load, if any.
(26) "Hazardous materials" means any material that has been designated as hazardous under 49 U.S.C. §5103 and is required to be placarded under subpart F of 49 C.F.R.,Part §172 or any quantity of a material listed as a select agent or toxin in 42 C.F.R.,Part §73.
(27) "Imminent hazard" means existence of a condition that presents a substantial likelihood that death, serious illness, severe personal injury or a substantial endangerment to health, property or the environment may occur before the reasonably foreseeable completion date of a formal proceeding begun to lessen the risk of that death, illness, injury or endangerment.
(28) "Issuance of a license" means the completion of a transaction signifying that the applicant has met all the requirements to qualify for, including, but not limited to: The initial issuance of a driver's license, the renewal of a driver's license, the issuance of a duplicate license as a replacement to a lost or stolen driver's license, the transfer of any level of driving privileges including the privilege of operating a commercial motor vehicle from another state or jurisdiction, the changing of driver's license class, restrictions or endorsements or the change of any other information pertaining to an applicant either appearing on the face of a driver's license or within the driver record of the licensee maintained by the division.
(29) "Motor vehicle" means every vehicle which is self- propelled and every vehicle which is propelled by electric power obtained from overhead trolley wires but not operated upon rails.
(30) "Noncommercial motor vehicle" means a motor vehicle or combination of motor vehicles not defined by the term "commercial motor vehicle".
(31) "Out-of-service order" means a a declaration by an authorized enforcement officer of a federal, state, Canadian, Mexican, county or local jurisdiction including any special agent of the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration that a driver, a commercial motor vehicle, or a motor carrier operation is out of service pursuant to 49 C.F.R. §§386.72, 392.5, 395.13, 396.9 or compatible laws or the North American uniform out-of-service criteria that an imminent hazard exists.
(32) "Violation of an out-of-service order" means:
(A) The operation of a commercial motor vehicle during the period the driver was placed out-of-service;
(B) The operation of a commercial motor vehicle by a driver after the vehicle was placed out-of-service and before the required repairs are made; or
(C) The operation of any commercial vehicle by a motor carrier operation after the carrier has been placed out of service.
(33) "School bus" means a commercial motor vehicle used to transport preprimary, primary or secondary school students from home-to-school, from school-to-home or to and from school sponsored events. School bus does not include a bus used as a common carrier.
(34) "Serious traffic violation" means conviction for any of the following offenses when operating a commercial motor vehicle:
(A) Excessive speeding involving any single offense for any speed of fifteen miles per hour or more above the posted limits;
(B) Reckless driving as defined in section three, article five, chapter seventeen-c of this code and careless or negligent driving, including, but not limited to, the offenses of driving a commercial motor vehicle in willful or wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property;
(C) Erratic or improper traffic lane changes including, but not limited to, passing a school bus when prohibited, improper lane changes and other passing violations;
(D) Following the vehicle ahead too closely;
(E) Driving a commercial motor vehicle without obtaining a commercial driver's license;
(F) Driving a commercial motor vehicle without a commercial driver's license in the driver's possession. However, any person who provides proof to the law-enforcement agency that issued the citation, by the date the person must appear in court or pay any fine for such violation, that the person held a valid commercial driver's license on the date the citation was issued, shall not be guilty of this offense;
(G) Driving a commercial motor vehicle without the proper class of commercial driver's license or endorsements for the specific vehicle group being operated or for the passengers or type of cargo being transported;
(H) A violation of state or local law relating to motor vehicle traffic control, other than a parking violation, arising in connection with a fatal traffic accident; or
(I) Any other serious violations determined by the United States Secretary of Transportation.
(J) Vehicle defects are excluded as serious traffic violations except as to violations committed by a special permittee on the coal resource transportation road system.
(35) "State" means a state of the United States and the District of Columbia or a province or territory of Canada or a state or federal agency of the United Mexican States.
(36)"State of domicile" means the state where a person has his or her true, fixed and permanent home and principle residence and to which he or she has the intention of returning whenever absent in accordance with chapter seventeen-a, article three, section one- a.
(37) "Suspension, revocation or cancellation" of a driver's license or a commercial driver's license means the privilege to operate any type of motor vehicle on the roads and highways of this state is withdrawn.
(38) "Tank vehicle" means any commercial motor vehicle that is designed to transport any liquid or gaseous materials within a tank that is either permanently or temporarily attached to the vehicle or the chassis. These vehicles include, but are not limited to, cargo tanks and portable tanks as defined in 49 C. F. R. Part 171 (1998). This definition does not include portable tanks having a rated capacity under one thousand gallons.
(39) "Texting" means manually entering alphanumeric text into or reading text from an electronic device.
(A) This action includes, but is not limited to, short messaging service, e-mailing, instant messaging and a command or request to access a World Wide Web page or engaging in any other form of electronic text retrieval or entry for present or future communication.
(B) Texting does not include:
(i) Reading, selecting or entering a telephone number, an extension number or voicemail retrieval codes and commands into an electronic device for the purpose of initiating or receiving a phone call or using voice commands to initiate or receive a telephone call;
(ii) Inputting, selecting or reading information on a global positioning system or navigation system; or
(iii) Using a device capable of performing multiple functions including, but not limited to, fleet management systems, dispatching devices, smart phones, citizen band radios or music players for a purpose that is not otherwise prohibited by this section
(40) "Transportation Security Administration" means the United States Department of Homeland Security Transportation Security Administration.
(41) "United States" means the fifty states and the District of Columbia.
(42) "Valid or Certified Medical Certification Status" means that an applicant or driver has a current medical evaluation or determination by a licensed physician that the applicant or driver meets the minimum federal motor carrier safety administration physical qualifications within the prescribed time frames pursuant 49 CFR Part §391. Not-certified means that an applicant or driver does not have a current medical evaluation or has not been certified by a licensed physician as meeting the minimum federal motor carrier safety administration physical qualifications pursuant 49 CFR Part §391.
(43)"Vehicle Group" means a class or type of vehicle with
certain operating characteristics.
Note: WV Code updated with legislation passed through the 2016 Regular Session
The West Virginia Code Online is an unofficial copy of the annotated WV Code, provided as a convenience. It has NOT been edited for publication, and is not in any way official or authoritative. | <urn:uuid:fb778d3f-13dd-480c-a777-102597c6de57> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.legis.state.wv.us/WVCODE/ChapterEntire.cfm?chap=17E&art=1§ion=3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717963.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00374-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927164 | 3,320 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Free, Armed and Stupid
by Lawrence Davidson
Part I – Gun Violence Epidemic Continues
Well here we go again. Late in the evening of July 20th “a masked gunman entered a Colorado movie theater playing the new Batman movie and “opened fire…killing at least 12 people and wounding 50.” The gunman was not a large anthropomorphized bat but rather a young white male, and he “was armed with a rifle, a shotgun and two handguns” all of which he had legally obtained.
This is nothing new in the Land Of The Free. Among the more notable victims of the nation’s love affair with deadly weapons have been Abraham Lincoln, James Garfield, William McKinley, John F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Ronald Reagan and, of course, John Lennon. Then there are the recent (and periodically on-going) mass murders among the population at large: the Colombine High School shootings, the Beltway sniper incidents, the Virginia Tech massacre, and the 2011 Tucson killings. To this can be added the daily shootings that occur in every city in the country. Taking the representative year 2007, there were 31,224 deaths from gunshots with 17,352 of them (56%) being suicides. The numbers have, generally, been going up.
Part II – The Gun Advocates’ Excuses
Those who stand against tightening up the nation’s presently useless gun laws have a variety of arguments most of which are in good part delusional. Thus:
1. EXCUSE NUMBER ONE – Guns don’t kill people, people kill people.
a. It is certainly true that while sitting on a shelf, locked in a draw, or carried in a holster, guns are inert pieces of machinery and, ultimately, it takes a finger to pull the trigger. Yet this fact is actually irrelevant. It’s irrelevant because guns are not manufactured to stay on shelves, in draws or holsters. That inert status has nothing to do with why the exist. So, we can go on and ask,
b. Why are guns manufactured? Why do they exist? Primitive firearms were invented in China sometime in the 12th century. They were invented to be used in warfare, that is to kill and injure other people. As the technology spread Westward, first into the Arab lands and then to Europe, the technology was improved, but its raison d’etre (its reason for being), to kill and injure others. stayed the same. The only thing that has changed over time is that in certain lands, particularly the U.S., a monopoly on the possession of such weapons ceased to be held by the state and guns diffused into the population as a whole.
In the United States, this process of diffusion was allowed based on a peculiar interpretation of Second Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. That amendment says that the right of the citizens to bear arms shall not be infringed. But that statement forms a dependent clause in a sentence that links the right to bear arms to the maintenance of “a well regulated militia.” Apart from the National Guard, the modern U.S. does not maintain militias. And, most of the membership of the National Rifle Association (NRA), along with the other gun-toting tough guys walking the streets of (particularly) the mid and southern U.S., don’t even belong to National Guard.
c. The hard truth is that guns were originally invented, and still today are primarily made, to shoot people. Their other uses: in hunting, to shoot holes in paper targets, to blast clay projectiles out of the air for fun, are strictly secondary to their primary purpose.
d. So the argument that guns don’t kill people is a-historical and something of a red herring. Guns are essentially our partners, intimate accessories if you will, in what is most often criminal activity, facilitating the efficiency of acts of homicide, assault and suicide. At the rate we pursue these activities, we just couldn’t maintain the modern level of mayhem without them.
2. EXCUSE NUMBER TWO – Guns are most often used for self-defense.
a. If you go on the web, you can find surveys that allege the use of guns for self-defense numbering in the millions of episodes per year. However, these surveys are often carried out by biased organizations and are methodologically flawed. They have therefore been demonstrated to be unreliable.
b. More reliable studies, conducted by unbiased sources such as Harvard University, have shown, among other things, that: very few criminals are hpw shot by law-abiding citizens; most criminals are shot either by the police, or by other criminals; and firearms reported to have been used in self-defense are, most of the time, used against members of a family or erstwhile friends during arguments.
Along the same lines, the statement concerning the Colorado theater massacre issued by Luke O’Dell, a spokesman for the Rocky Mountain Gun Owners association, reflected the misconception that the answer to gun violence is more guns: “Potentially, if there had been a law-abiding citizen who had been able to carry [a gun] in the theater [in Colorado], it’s possible that the death toll would have been less.” One might more plausibly argue that if the shooter had not been able to procure a rifle, a shotgun and two handguns “to carry” into the theater, the death toll would have been zero.
Part III – The Problem of Lobby Power
It does not matter how many times these massacres take place. Nothing is likely to change. Here is what an article entitled “Still Little Interest In U.S. Gun Control” in the Philadelphia Inquirer of 22 July 2012 had to say, “Despite periodic mass shootings…the political calculus seems locked down. Most Republicans adamantly oppose tighter gun controls, and most Democrats would prefer to focus on other issues.” Why so? The reason has to do with a very flawed aspect of our political system. Ours is a system that allows a relatively small number of citizens (in this case gun zealots) to form a special interest, or lobby group, that raises and distributes great amounts of money nationwide and, in some parts of the country, exercises strong voting influence. These lobbies can hold crazy ideas that demonstrably harm society and make us look like an insane nation to the rest of the world, but that doesn’t matter either. The politicians will positively respond anyway to get money and electoral support. In this sense, we live in a land devoid of “national interest.” There is only the interest of lobby groups and the politicians controlled by them.
Nor is this situation unique to the problem of the nation’s gun laws and the power of the NRA. If we look at foreign policy, we see that similar lobbies skew policy with disastrous results. The Zionist lobby has the entire U.S. government head over heels in support of the basically racist state of Israel. And, this position does demonstrable harm to our standing throughout the Middle East and Muslim world. It’s crazy, but it has been going on for at least 65 years. The Cuban lobby of anti-Castro fanatics has intimidated Washington to blockade, sanction and otherwise isolate Cuba even though the rest of the world is content to trade and have normal relations with the island nation. Our politicians say they take this stand because the Cuban government is a communist dictatorship. So what? Do we have normal relations with China? Do we trade with Vietnam? They are obviously being less than truthful. They take the stand because they are bought and bullied by a bunch of well organized, well funded, fanatics. The whole thing is crazy and has been going on since 1960.
Part IV – Conclusion
There is simply something wrong with our political system. Too few people can command too much power in the name of relatively small minority groups. We need campaign finance reform and much more transparency when it comes to the operations of special interests. We need shorter electoral periods and limits on how much it can cost to run for any office. We need honest and open regional and national debates on both domestic and foreign policies that affect large numbers of our citizens (whether those citizens know it or not).
And, last but not least, we need a rational rethinking of what the word “freedom” means.
– Does “freedom” mean that just about anyone is free to carry weapons that potentially put the rest of us in danger? Free to carry weapons that are most often going to be used to shoot off the carrier’s foot, or shoot someone he or she imagines is acting abnormally, or shoot a family member in a heated argument, or, in a fit of depression, to blow one’s own brains out? Does it mean that people are free to carry weapons that they may decide to use in an episode of mass murder?
– Does “freedom” mean that if you have a lot of money you can use it to corrupt the nation’s politicians so that they distort the positions and policies of government to such a degree that they cease to have any connection to common sense definitions of community or national interest?
The answer is yes. That is actually what freedom means in the U.S. And these stupid definitions of “freedom” are slowly but surely undermining the body politic. There are no super heroes out there to save us: no Superman, no Batman, no Catwoman, and the like. There is just us. And if we don’t find a way to, in essence, work our way free of the pseudo “freedoms” that are ruining our political system, no one else will. Things will simply get worse. | <urn:uuid:1788b28d-1966-4e0a-96d5-97830a7959b8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://oly.com.pk/an-american-motto/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00173-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962462 | 2,034 | 1.585938 | 2 |
DUBAI (Reuters) -A new factory in Abu Dhabi will start manufacturing a COVID-19 vaccine from Chinese pharmaceutical giant Sinopharm later this year under a joint venture between Sinopharm and Abu Dhabi-based technology company Group 42 (G42).
The project is an expansion of Chinese diplomacy in the Gulf region and helps the United Arab Emirates’ quest to diversify its economy away from hydrocarbon production.
The plant, which is being built in the Khalifa Industrial Zone of Abu Dhabi (KIZAD), will have a production capacity of 200 million doses a year with three filling lines and five automated packaging lines, a statement from the joint venture said on Monday.
The vaccine will be called Hayat-Vax when manufactured in the UAE, but is the same inactivated vaccine from the Beijing Institute of Biological Product (BiBP), a unit of Sinopharm’s China National Biotec Group (CNBG), that the UAE approved for general use in December.
As part of the joint venture, interim production of Hayat-Vax has already begun in the emirate of Ras al-Khaimah under a deal between G42 and Gulf Pharmaceutical Industries PSC, the statement said.
That interim production line has an initial capacity of 2 million doses per month and no details were given about how long production will continue there.
The UAE, through G42, hosted Phase III clinical trials of the Sinopharm vaccine from July, which later expanded to other countries in the region including Bahrain. The UAE approved the vaccine for frontline workers in September before making it available to the general public in December.
G42 has previously said it has distribution and manufacturing agreements with Sinopharm and hopes to provide the UAE and other states in the region with the vaccine.
The deal was launched during a two-day visit to the UAE by Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi which ended on Sunday.
The joint venture also includes a purpose-built research and development hub for life sciences, biotechnology and vaccine production in KIZAD.
“Our joint venture is also actively looking to bring our capabilities to new markets around the world,” G42 CEO Peng Xiao said.
The UAE has said its trials showed the vaccine has 86% efficacy, while Sinopharm reports 79.34% efficacy based on interim results.
Some people in the UAE failed to develop sufficient antibodies after a second dose of the Sinopharm vaccine and were given a third dose, the UAE health ministry said this month. It said the number was “minimal” compared to the number of vaccines administered.
On Sunday, a Sinopharm executive said the company will need to assess results from overseas Phase III clinical trials to decide whether its two-shot vaccine should be followed by a booster shot.
“Thanks to the close collaboration with the UAE, Sinopharm’s vaccine has been now administered to millions of people in the country, the region, and the world,” Sinopharm Chairman Liu Jingzhen said at a virtual launch also attended by UAE Foreign Affairs Minister Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan.
Reporting by Lisa Barrington; Additional reporting by Alexander Cornwell; Editing by Kim Coghill and Christopher Cushing
Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles. | <urn:uuid:f255603b-3386-409e-a7fb-4910341ea357> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-emirates-china/abu-dhabi-launches-new-covid-19-vaccine-plant-with-chinas-sinopharm-idUSKBN2BL0DS | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.951357 | 677 | 1.710938 | 2 |
A device to directly measure blood oxygen saturation in a fetus during labor has been developed by researchers at the University of California, Davis. By providing better information about the health of a fetus right before birth, the device could both reduce the rate of cesarean sections and improve outcomes in difficult deliveries.
Since the 1970s, U.S. obstetricians have monitored fetal heart rate and the mother’s rate of contractions as a way to assess the health of the fetus during labor. Taken together, these measurements are a proxy for fetal blood oxygen levels. If the fetus is deprived of oxygen before birth, it may suffer lasting damage or die — leading doctors to perform C-sections if they think a fetus is getting into trouble.
This practice has led to a high rate of C-sections, but without much improvement in the rate of fetal complications associated with oxygen deficiency.
“We wondered if we could build a device to measure fetal blood oxygen saturation directly,” said Soheil Ghiasi, professor of electrical and computer engineering at UC Davis.
Results from the work have been presented at the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine pregnancy meeting in Grapevine, Texas in February, and in an upcoming issue of IEEE Transactions in Biomedical Engineering.
Direct measurement of fetal blood oxygen saturation
The new device is based on the same principle as the oximeter you might have slipped on your finger at the doctor’s office. Hemoglobin in red blood cells absorbs colors of light differently depending on how much oxygen it has bound. A finger oximeter measures different wavelengths of light to calculate the oxygen saturation in your blood.
Measuring blood oxygen saturation in a fetus within the mother poses additional problems. First, there’s more tissue to get through to reach the fetus, so only a tiny amount of light can be reflected back to be measured noninvasively.
Second, there’s the problem of separating the signal from fetal blood from that of the mother.
Experimental tests in pregnant sheep, published in IEEE Transactions of Biomedical Engineering, show that the new device could accurately measure oxygen levels in the fetus.
Ghiasi became interested in the problem when he and his wife had their first child five years ago. Although like many couples they had wanted a natural childbirth, they found that the care team soon recommended C-section based on fetal monitoring.
Co-authors and collaborators on the work include: Daniel Fong, Kourosh Vali, Jameson Thies, Rasta Moeinzadeh, Weijian Yang and Andre Knoesen, UC Davis Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; Kaeli Yamashiro, Laura Galganski, Christopher Pivetti, Aijun Wang and Diana Farmer, UC Davis Department of Surgery; Vivek Srinivasan, UC Davis Department of Biomedical Engineering; Herman Hedriana, UC Davis Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; M. Austin Johnson, University of Utah; Michael Ross, UCLA; and Emin Maltepe, UCSF.
Initial funding for the project came from CITRIS and the Banatao Institute, and the UC Davis College of Engineering. Subsequent grant support was provided by the National Science Foundation. The project recently received a grant from UC Davis’ CeDAR data science initiative in collaboration with Naoki Saito, UC Davis Department of Mathematics.
UC Davis has filed patent applications on the device, and Ghiasi and Fong have established a company, Storx Technologies, to commercialize the technology. The company recently received a National Science Foundation STTR grant in collaboration with UC Davis and is negotiating to license the invention from the university. Storx Technologies is part of the CITRIS Foundry incubator at UC Berkeley.
Soheil Ghiasi, Electrical and Computer Engineering, firstname.lastname@example.org
Andy Fell, News and Media Relations, 530-752-4533, email@example.com | <urn:uuid:b2f13e27-5199-47ee-b045-28324d4a47f1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/noninvasive-fetal-oxygen-monitor-could-make-safer-deliveries | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.933276 | 827 | 3.625 | 4 |
One of the most painful discoveries of the seeker is that we are not, by and large, people of truth. There are amongst us honest, upright people, who will bear witness to truth, even against themselves, but the masses sadly have no compunction in sharing convenient untruths.
The question which occurs to the seeker is this: why do we talk about the importance of trustworthy chains of narration and verifying the information that comes to us in our tradition, if we do not institute it in our own lives with regard the information we receive from friend and foe?
It’s great calling the seeker a self-righteous, pompous fool for perpetually objecting to claims that can clearly be shown to be erroneous at best and downright lies at worst; it’s probably true, for we are all in need of inner reform and humility. But this principle of verification has always been the selling point of this deen: that we’re a people who cares about the truth.
Are we really? More often we seem to believe in political expediency. We believe in contingent truths. If an untruth serves our interests, we will share it. If the whole truth is too much to bear, we will edit it, conceal a part of it, chop it in half, censor it and alter it. Every sect, political movement and commercial organisation has its own truths, refined and honed to counter the truths of the other. There are our truths, and then there is the truth.
As a community we would be better replacing the notion of the pursuit of knowledge with the pursuit of truth. You may say this really means the same thing, but the latter would better focus our efforts on the ultimate goal. It might also help us remember to be people of truth, and not just wanderers taking sides. | <urn:uuid:f114c95e-087b-4104-a6c7-20b29b0711a2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://folio.me.uk/2015/11/19/people-of-truth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.962352 | 372 | 1.898438 | 2 |
[Beowulf] first cluster
hahn at mcmaster.ca
Thu Jul 15 21:29:59 EDT 2010
>> Disadvantage is of course, when the system runs out of
>> memory the oom-killer will look for an eligible process
>> to be killed to free up some space.
> That assumes that you are permitting your compute nodes
> to overcommit their memory, if you disable overcommit I
> believe that you will instead just get malloc()'s failing
> when there is nothing for them to grab.
yes. actually, configuring memory and swap is an interesting topic.
the feature Chris is referring to is, I think, the vm.overcommit_memory
sysctl (and the associated vm.overcommit_ratio.) every distro I've seen
leaves these at the default seting: vm.overcommit_memory=0. this
is basically the traditional setting that tells the kernel to feel free
to allocate way too much memory, and to resolve memory crunches via OOM
killing. obviously, this isn't great, since it never tells apps to
conserve memory (malloc returning zero), and often kills processes that
you're rather not be killed (sshd, other system daemons). on clusters
where a node may be shared across users/jobs, OOM can result serious
we've used vm.overcommit_memory=2 fairly often. in this mode, the kernel
limits its VM allocations to a combination of the size of ram and swap.
this is reflected in /proc/meminfo:CommitLimit which will be computed
as /proc/meminfo:SwapTotal + vm.overcommit_ratio * /proc/meminfo:MemTotal.
/proc/meminfo:Committed_AS is the kernel's idea of total VM usage.
IMO, it's essential to also run with RLIMIT_AS on all processes. this is
basically a VM limit per process (not totalled across processes, though
of course threads by definition share a single VM.) you might be thinking
that RLIMIT_RSS would be better - indeed it would, but the kernel doesn't
implement it. basically, limiting RSS is a bit tricky because you have to
deal with how to count shared pages, and the limiting logic is going to
slow down some important hot paths. (unlike AS (vsz), which only needs logic
during explicit brk/mmap/munmap ops.)
of course, to be useful, this requires users to provide reasonable memory
limits at job-submission time. (our user population is pretty diverse, and
isn't very good at doing wallclock limits, let alone "wizardly" issues like
batch systems often also provide their own resource management systems.
I'm not fond of putting much effort in this direction, since it's usually
based on a load-balancing model (which doesn't work if job memory use
fluctuates), and upon on-node daemons which are assumed to be able to
stay alive long enough to kill over-large job processes. yes, one can harden
such system daemons by locking them into ram, but that's not an unalloyed win:
they'll probably be nontrivial in size, and such memory usage is unswapable,
even if some of the pages are never used...
anyway, back to the topic: it's eminently possible to run nodes without swap,
and reasonably safe to do so if your user community is not totally random,
and if you make smart use of vm.overcommit_memory=2 and RLIMIT_AS. 5 years
ago, running swapless was somewhat risky because the kernel was dramatically
better tested/tuned in a normal swap-able configuration. my guess is that
the huge embedded ecosystem has made swapless more robust, especially if
you take the time to configure some basic sanity limits on user processes.
regards, mark hahn.
Beowulf mailing list, Beowulf at beowulf.org sponsored by Penguin Computing
To change your subscription (digest mode or unsubscribe) visit http://www.beowulf.org/mailman/listinfo/beowulf
This message has been scanned for viruses and
dangerous content by MailScanner, and is
believed to be clean.
More information about the Beowulf | <urn:uuid:f18d2eba-14e6-4180-98f3-f38bef5b7b7c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.clustermonkey.net/pipermail/beowulf/2010-July/052465.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00292-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907413 | 950 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Their compatriots remaining in Sarawak were known as the CCO by the UK but called the PGRS—Pasukan Gelilya Rakyat Sarawak (Sarawak People's Guerrilla Force) by Indonesia. A series of contacts ensued as 2/6 Gurkhas deployed patrols and ambushes, and after a month, 15 had been killed and three captured. According to the exposés, the UK had already become alarmed with the announcement of the "Konfrontasi" policy. These included Twin Pioneer and Single Pioneer transport aircraft, probably two or three Blackburn Beverley and Handley Page Hastings transports, and about 12 helicopters of various types. However, the first recorded movement of people from China into the Maritime Southeast Asia was the arrival of Mongol forces under Kublai Khan that culminated in the Mongol invasion of Java in 1293. Mapping was generally poor, as British maps of the country only showed tiny topographic detail. Only about half returned. One of the two Commando Carriers, HMS Albion and HMS Bulwark, was also committed throughout Confrontation usually in their transport role for troops, helicopters and army aircraft between Singapore and Borneo. Many of the earliest Indonesian newspapers were setup by Indonesian Chinese. (2014). Indonesia had relentlessly pursued its claim to Netherlands New Guinea during the period 1950–1962, despite facing multiple setbacks in the UN General Assembly to have its claim recognised by the international community. The Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation or Borneo confrontation (also known by its Indonesian/Malay name, Konfrontasi) was a violent conflict from 1963–66 that stemmed from Indonesia's opposition to the creation of Malaysia. However, while Sukarno made no direct claims to incorporate northern Borneo into Indonesian Kalimantan, he saw the formation of Malaysia as an obstacle to the Maphilindo, a non-political, irredentist union spanning Malaya, Philippines and Indonesia. Units stationed in the Far East for two years did a single 4-month tour (this applied to Australian and NZ); Commonwealth forces were readied for airstrikes against Indonesian infiltration staging areas in Sumatra if further Indonesian infiltrations of the Malaysian Peninsula were attempted. The Mongols introduced Chinese technology to the island, particularly shipbuilding and Ancient Chinese coinage. One of Walker's first "challenges" was curtailing the RAF's centralised command and control arrangements and insisting that aircraft tasking for operations in Borneo was by his HQ, not by the RAF Air Command Far East HQ in Singapore. Among non-Dayaks in Sabah, 21% were Chinese, and 7% were Malay; Brunei's non-Dayak population was 28% Chinese and 54% Malay. And damn, they know how to dress sexy! In addition to the ground and air force units, between 1963 and 1966 there were up to 80 ships from the Royal Navy, Royal Australian Navy, Royal Malay Navy, Royal New Zealand Navy and the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. There was a large Indonesian population in Tawau in southern Sabah and a large and economically active Chinese one in Sarawak. , North Borneo and Sarawak, anticipating a pro-Malaysian UN report, declared their independence as part of Malaysia on the sixth anniversary of Merdeka Day, 31 August 1963, even before the UN report had been published. The Zhaoduan-class vessel 5305, which displaces more than 4,000 tons, passed close by the next day; the Chinese fishing fleet near Indonesia had just broken … He later bragged in a letter to the British ambassador in Jakarta, Sir Andrew Gilchrist, that it "went all over the world and back again", and was "put almost instantly back into Indonesia via the BBC". However, some larger scale raiding missions took place, including amphibious ones by the SBS. Battalion HQ included an intelligence section. Gilchrist himself informed the Foreign Office on 5 October 1965: "I have never concealed from you my belief that a little shooting in Indonesia would be an essential preliminary to effective change. When the SAS temporarily adopted 3-man instead of 4-man patrols, they could not closely monitor the border. Before Indonesia's Confrontation of Malaysia, Sukarno had sought to develop an independent Indonesian foreign policy, focused on the acquisition of Netherlands New Guinea as a residual issue from the Indonesian National Revolution, and establishing Indonesia's credentials as a notable international power operating distinct interests from those of the West and East. , Co-ordinated to coincide with Sukarno announcing a 'Year of Dangerous Living' during Indonesian Independence Day celebrations, Indonesian forces began a campaign of airborne and seaborne infiltrations of the Malaysian Peninsula on 17 August 1964. Feel free to ask moderators about anything! In many Malaysian Chinese are an anomaly in SEA, its large enough that they can former their own enclaves. In 1961, he had sounded out Indonesia about possible aid in training Borneo recruits; General Abdul Nasution hinted at moral support, and Soebandrio, the Indonesian foreign minister and head of intelligence, hinted at supplying more substantial aid. I am assuming of course chinese from china still hold many traditional chinese values. hari baik itu kalo ennga banjir di jakarta, do not need to care about fengshui this or fengshui that. In the meantime, the Vickers machine gun remained available. The predominantly Malay anti-cession movement, which rejected the British takeover of Sarawak in 1946 and had assassinated Duncan Stewart, the first British High Commissioner of Sarawak, may have been the forerunner of the subsequent anti-Malaysia movement in Sarawak, headed by Ahmad Zaidi Adruce. Being unable to speak Chinese is does not necessarily imply "losing your identity". , The PGRS numbered about 800, based in West Kalimantan at Batu Hitam, with a contingent of 120 from the Indonesian intelligence agency and a small cadre trained in China. However, while the Philippines did not engage in hostilities, Malaysia severed diplomatic ties after the former deferred recognising it as the successor state of Malaya. At its height, the SCO had 24,000 members. Kalimantan, comprising four Indonesian provinces, was located in the south of the island. Walker selected Lieutenant Colonel John Cross, a Gurkha officer with immense jungle experience, for the task. North Kalimantan Communist Party. The malay malaysians look like filipinos but dont forget they also have a big poppulation of chinese malaysian Altogether, 36 civilians were killed, 53 wounded and 4 captured, with most being local inhabitants. In another parallel with British Malaya, the Chinese Indonesian community achieved economic … November 28, 2019. I dont know about that. Indonesia's campaign of infiltrations into Borneo sought to exploit the ethnic and religious diversity in Sabah and Sarawak compared to that of Malaya and Singapore, with the intent of unravelling the proposed state of Malaysia. No Distinguished Flying Cross or naval awards were made. Not really, many Filipino Chinese go to Chinese medium schools, but they are actively involved in Philippines media industry, For SEA, the best country to emulate with regards to their Chinese population is the Philippines. The end of the Second World War had brought an end to the Brooke Dynasty rule in Sarawak. Sarawak was divided into five administrative divisions. The role of the United Kingdom's Foreign Office and Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) during the confrontation was brought to light in a series of exposés by Paul Lashmar and Oliver James in The Independent newspaper beginning in 1997 and has also been covered in journals on military and intelligence history. Following Indonesia's diplomatic victory in the West New Guinea dispute, Sukarno may have been emboldened to extend Indonesia's dominance over its weaker neighbours. The remains of a Royal Marine were recovered some 20 years later. In April 1963, the first recorded infiltration and attack occurred in Borneo. Finally, the Parachute Regiment battalions formed patrol companies (C in the 2nd and D in the 3rd). Artillery had to adopt new tactics. (read also: history of batik Indonesia) … However, it was unclear if Suharto was in full control of Indonesia (rather than Sukarno), and vigilance in Borneo could not be relaxed. Gurkha units (all permanently stationed in the Far East) did 6 month tours, generally once every twelve months; On 8 December 1962, the TNKU staged an insurrection—the Brunei Revolt. The Gurkhas reported that they were well trained and professionally led, but their ammunition expenditure was high, and their fire discipline broke down. However, at the Manila negotiations, it was persuaded by the Indonesian and Philippine Governments to postpone Malaysia's inauguration until 15 September 1963 by which time a UN mission was expected to report on whether the two Borneo colonies supported the Malaysia proposal. He officially denied any role by MI6, and denied "personal knowledge" of the British arming of the Army's right-wing faction, though he did comment that if there were such a plan, he "would certainly have supported it". In Indonesia, "Indonesian Malay" usually refers to the vernacular varieties of Malay spoken by the Malay peoples of Indonesia, ... China, Cina: 1. The only time I seen 4th floor in a hotel is when I was in mecca. , Total British Commonwealth military casualties were 114 killed and 181 wounded, the greatest number of them Gurkhas. While the latter returned to Sarawak and had his political status rehabilitated, Azahari remained in Indonesia until his death on 3 September 2002. The police also deployed several light infantry of Police Field Force companies. , These efforts were coordinated from the British High Commission in Singapore, where the BBC, Associated Press, and The New York Times filed their reports on the Crisis in Indonesia. Merdeka and Malaysia Day. Poulgrain, G. J. The confrontation was an undeclared war with most of the action occurring in the border area between Indonesia and East Malaysia on the island of Borneo (known as Kalimantan in Indonesia). About Philip Bowring. Dense mangrove forest covering vast tidal flats intersected with numerous creeks is a feature of many coastal areas, including Brunei and either end of the border. In Borneo, mortars were usually distributed to rifle companies, and some battalions operated the rest of their support company as another rifle company. Indonesia started human trials of the Sinovac vaccine this summer, and it has not yet been approved by Chinese or Indonesian regulators. Believing it to be in the best interest of the people of Sarawak, Charles Vyner Brooke ceded the state to the British Crown. Approaching sporty and damn sexy Chinese girls who went for a run in the KLCC Park is as fun as hitting on hot party girls in the Zouk club. He did partly create this 'identity crisis' thing in the first place. Malaysia is a multi–ethnic, multicultural, and multilingual society, and the many ethnic groups in Malaysia maintain separate cultural identities. It is bordered by Malaysia, Brunei, Cambodia, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines and Indonesia. , British forces in Borneo included Headquarters (HQ) 3 Commando Brigade in Kuching with responsibility for the western part of Sarawak, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Divisions, and HQ 99 Gurkha Infantry Brigade in Brunei responsible for the East, 4th and 5th Divisions, Brunei and Sabah. They emphasised travelling lightly, being undetectable and going for many days without resupplying. He also utilised the experience of the Royal Marines as well as knowledge of the skill and usefulness of the Sarawak Rangers in the Malayan Emergency. The failure of the insurrection was evident within 30 hours when Gurkha troops airlifted from Singapore secured Brunei town and ensured the Sultan's safety. , Although the Indonesians had conducted a few amphibious raids and an airborne operation against Malaya, the war remained limited throughout its duration and remained largely a land conflict. , Although the British MI6 is strongly implicated in this scheme by the use of the Information Research Department (seen as an MI6 office), any role by MI6 itself is officially denied by the UK government, and papers relating to it have yet to be declassified by the Cabinet Office. Infantry Training Volume IV Tactics, The Infantry Battalion in Battle, 1963, Combat operations in 1963 during the Indonesian-Malaysian Confrontation, Combat operations in 1964 during the Indonesian-Malaysian Confrontation, Combat operations in 1965 during the Indonesian-Malaysian Confrontation, Military history of Australia during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation, Order of battle during Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation, Military history of New Zealand in Malaysia, Indonesia–New Zealand relations#The Sukarno Era, "Malaysian–American Relations during Indonesia's Confrontation against Malaysia, 1963–66", "China Role's in Indonesia's "Crush Malaysia" Campaign", "Malaysia-Indonesia Relations Before and After 1965: Impact on Bilateral and Regional Stability", https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/lost-wars-britain-s-malayan-campaigns-5329010.html, https://www.awm.gov.au/articles/event/indonesian-confrontation, https://nzhistory.govt.nz/war/confrontation-in-borneo, "Truth still a casualty of our secret war", "Australians at war: casualties as a result of service with Australian units", "Unit Information—2nd Squadron, Special Air Service Regiment, Confrontation", "Book Review: Vernon L. Porritt "The Rise and Fall of Communism in Sarawak 1940–1990, "CLARET Operations and Confrontation, 1964–66", "The Communist Insurgency in Malaysia, 1948–90: Contesting the Nation-State and Social Change", General Assembly 15th Session – The Trusteeship System and Non-Self-Governing Territories (pages:509–510), General Assembly 18th Session – the Question of Malaysia (pages:41–44), Scourge of Sukarno: the Gurkhas in Borneo, Communist insurgency in Malaysia (1968–1989), Calcutta Southeast Asian Youth Conference, Circumstances prior to the Malayan Emergency, Central All-Indonesian Workers Organization, Revolutionary Socialist Party (Netherlands), 1969 Malaysian students pre-election demonstrations, 1970 PMUM vs PBMUM Papan Tanda demonstrations, 2013 anti-Jamalul Kiram III infiltration protests, 2016 Hancur GST, Undur Najib, Undur Rosmah, Bebas Anwar, Hidup Rakyat rally, 1963 anti-Indonesia infiltration demonstrations, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indonesia–Malaysia_confrontation&oldid=993041239, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2015, Articles containing Indonesian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2010, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014, Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, • Sarawak People's Guerrilla Force (PGRS), • North Kalimantan People's Army (Paraku), Unified operations (army, navy and air force operating fully together), Timely and accurate information (the need for continuous reconnaissance and intelligence collection). They also produced Azahari, who claimed that Indonesian forces were playing no part in active operations. President of the Philippines Diosdado Macapagal initially did not oppose the concept and even initiated the Manila Accord. I created a standard operating procedure for this. Minor action by Indonesian forces continued in the border area, including an attempt at counter-battery fire against a 105 mm gun position in Central Brigade (reports from locals said the British return fire had turned over the Indonesian gun, thought to be 76 mm). There was a British Army presence until the end of the campaign. Philip Bowring is an Asia-based journalist, formerly the editor of the Far Eastern … They were deployed the entire length of the border in eight operational units, mostly facing the 1st and 2nd Divisions. Still, I can't say I agree with Soeharto's policy regarding banning other languages (especially chinese). The short-range and substantial weight of the 3-inch mortars meant they were of minimal use. Among non-Dayaks in Sabah, 21% were Chinese, and 7% were Malay; Brunei's non-Dayak population was 28% Chinese and 54% Malay. The three UK territories totalled some 1.5 million people, about half of them Dayaks. In the aftermath of the Brunei Revolt, the remnants of the TNKU reached Indonesia. The situation of Indonesian Chinese is different from Malaysian Chinese for the following reasons. The relations between imperial China and ancient Indonesia commenced during the 7th century, possibly earlier. The diplomatic dispute reached its climax in 1962 when Indonesia launched a substantial campaign of airborne and seaborne infiltrations upon Netherlands New Guinea. This was based upon the European view at the time that race was a biologically based scientific category. There are cultivated areas in valleys and around villages. Step 3: There is no step 3 because you'd have forgotten "X" anyways. The jungle terrain of Borneo and lack of roads straddling the Malaysia–Indonesia border forced both Indonesian and Commonwealth forces to conduct long foot patrols. , The conflict lasted nearly four years; however, following General Suharto's replacement of Sukarno, Indonesian interest in pursuing the war with Malaysia declined, and combat eased. On 28 May 1966, at a conference in Bangkok, the Malaysian and Indonesian governments declared the conflict was over. Being undetectable meant being silent (hand signals, no rattling equipment) and 'odour free'—perfumed toiletries were forbidden (they could be detected a kilometre away by good jungle fighters), and sometimes eating food cold to prevent cooking smells. This was some 80 strong, mostly volunteers, led by Lt Sombi (or Sumbi) and a team from 600 Raider Company. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. The proclamation of Malaysia in September 1963 meant that Malaysian Army units deployed to Borneo (now East Malaysia). Azahari was a leftist who had fought in Indonesia in their war for independence. Distinctions between the two, however, are accentuated outside of their regions of origin. To resolve the dispute the would-be member states of Malaysia met representatives of Indonesia and the Philippines in Manila for several days, starting on 30 July 1963. Another 100,000 more are set to be delivered by another Chinese firm, CanSino. There were many large rivers on both sides of the border, and these were the primary means of movement, including hovercraft by the UK. , Before Indonesia's declaration of Confrontation against the proposed Malaysian state on 20 January 1963, the Cobbold Commission in 1962 had reported on the viability of a Malaysian state, finding that there was sufficient support in the Borneo colonies for the creation of a larger Malaysian state. Similarly, the Philippines claimed eastern North Borneo, arguing that the Borneo colony had historical links with the Philippines through the Sulu archipelago. A build-up of Indonesian forces on the Kalimantan border in December 1964 saw the UK commit significant forces from the UK-based Army Strategic Command and Australia and New Zealand deployed roulement combat forces from West Malaysia to Borneo in 1965–66. Border Scouts were attached to infantry battalions and evolved into an intelligence-gathering force by using their local knowledge and extended families. Luce was routinely replaced by Admiral Sir Varyl Begg in early 1963. As Confrontation developed increasing numbers of troops were required. The first to be employed in Borneo were the Pathfinder Platoon of the Guards Independent Parachute Company, which already existed as the pathfinder force of 16th Parachute Brigade. The Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation or Borneo confrontation (also known by its Indonesian/Malay name, ... 31% were Chinese, and 19% were Malay. On a good day, you can meet 10 stunning girls who exercise in the park. Despite their population size, Dayaks were spread through the country in village longhouses and were not politically organised. The Dutch, facing mounting diplomatic pressure from the Indonesians and the Americans, who were anxious to keep Indonesia from becoming Communist aligned, yielded and agreed to a diplomatic compromise, allowing the Indonesians to gain control of the territory in exchange for pledging to hold a self-determination plebiscite (the Act of Free Choice) in the territory by 1969. Talking Indonesia: China, Indonesia and the Cold War. They were moved underslung by Wessex or Belvedere helicopters as necessary to deal with incursions or support operations. The innovation in the new organisation was the formation of the battalion reconnaissance platoon, in many battalions a platoon of "chosen men". There were three types of British Army deployment: To deter and disrupt Indonesia's growing campaign of infiltrations, the British responded in 1964 by launching their own covert operations into Indonesian Kalimantan under the code name Operation Claret. , However, it was also suggested that Sukarno's campaign against the formation of Malaysia was actually motivated by a desire to unite the Malay Peninsula and the whole island of Borneo under Indonesian rule and to complete the previously abandoned idea of Greater Indonesia or Greater Malay, a concept that aims to unite the Malay race created by Sukarno and Kesatuan Melayu Muda, Ibrahim Yaacob.. These raids were undertaken by special forces—including the British Special Air Service, Australian Special Air Service Regiment, and New Zealand Special Air Service—as well as regular infantry. The video made some points without going into detail of why they are different, and the difference start long before the Order Baru. "So what do I call him/her?" Rotary wing support included 60 naval and air force troop-lift helicopters and another 40 smaller army variants.. A useful factor in the containment of the Indonesian forces was the use of intelligence. They moved fast towards Brunei with 1/7 Gurkhas pursuing and ambushing them; almost all were accounted for. A lot asked me this: “Are you Chinese?” “Wait, I thought you're Indonesian?” "Sorry, I thought you can speak Mandarin." Sarawak became a Crown colony, ruled from the Colonial Office in London, which in turn dispatched a governor for Sarawak. A lot of Chinese Indonesians (especially the older gens) have a label for these guys and it aggravates me to some extent. Although combat operations were primarily conducted by ground forces, airborne forces played a vital support role and naval forces ensured the security of the sea flanks. Their intervention also hastened the decline of th… Observation parties were almost always led by an officer, but only two or three men strong. Patrol bases could use the World War II vintage HF No 62 Set (distinguished by having its control panel labelled in English and Russian). It was in the context of this recent diplomatic victory that Indonesia cast its attention to the British proposal for a unified Malaysian state. Experiment: Speaking Indonesian with Chinese (用印尼语捉弄中国人) Location: Qingdao, China Please subscribe to get update for more videos! U WOT? I lived and worked in KL for a year and I thought to myself, wow, the Chinese girls here are so much hotter! The British provided most of the defensive effort, although Malaysian forces steadily increased their contributions, and there were periodic contributions from Australian and New Zealand forces within the combined Far East Strategic Reserve stationed then in West Malaysia and Singapore. Tionghoa (standard term for Chinese people, from Southern Min Chinese: Tiong-hôa – 中華), 2. Initially, penetration was limited to 3,000 yards (2,700 m) but was later extended to 6,000 yards (5,500 m), and again to 10,000 yards (9,100 m) after the Battle of Plaman Mapu in April 1965. This was approved by the Sarawak government in May as "auxiliary police". Next, the Gurkha Independent Parachute Company was raised. The Sarawak Insurgency began after the Brunei Revolt in 1962 and SCO would fight alongside the Bruneian rebels and Indonesian forces during the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation (1963–1966). , Operation Claret was a long-running series of secretive cross-border raids conducted by British Commonwealth forces in Borneo from June 1964 to early 1966. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Geng Shuang had said China had sovereignty over the Spratly Islands and their waters and that both China and Indonesia have "normal" fishing activities there. Soon after assuming command in Borneo, General Walker issued a directive listing the ingredients for success, based on his experience in the Malayan Emergency: Walker recognised the difficulties of limited forces and a long border and, in early 1963, was reinforced with a SAS squadron from the UK, which rotated with another mid-year. The revelations included an anonymous Foreign Office source stating that the decision to unseat President Sukarno was made by Prime Minister Harold Macmillan and then executed under Prime Minister Harold Wilson. Ranges were invariably beyond the capability of manpack VHF radios (A41 and A42, copies of AN/PRC 9 and 10), although the use of relay or rebroadcast stations helped where they were tactically possible. Movement was usually single file; the leading section rotated but was organised with two lead scouts, followed by its commander and then the remainder in a fire support group. The site may not work properly if you don't, If you do not update your browser, we suggest you visit, Press J to jump to the feed. Sections of the SBS were also used, but mostly for amphibious tasks. A memorial in Kundasang, Malaysian Borneo to the Commonwealth forces who served in Sabah, especially the Australians together with British, Malaysians and New Zealanders. The Indonesian irregulars, led by Indonesian officers, were thought to number about 1500, with an unknown number of regular troops and local defence irregulars. Also present were the Special Boat Service (SBS) of the Royal Marine Commandos. Peace negotiations were initiated during May 1966 before a final peace agreement was ratified on 11 August 1966. , Politico-military authority lay with the Emergency Committees in Sarawak and North Borneo, including their Governors, who were the Commanders in Chief for their colonies. The PGRS ran some raids into Sarawak but spent more time developing their supporters in Sarawak. While malaysian chinese and even singapore chinese lost many of these ideas and values. In Malaysia, almost everybody speaks at least two languages; therefore, the Malaysian Chinese girl you are going to meet is probably able to speak both Chinese and English very well (most of them speak Malay too). The units had names such as "Thunderbolts", "Night Ghosts" and "World Sweepers". Due to a lightning storm, the drop of 96 paratroopers was widely dispersed. Suharto's steady consolidation of power after 30 September events allowed him to form a new government and in March 1967 Suharto was able to form a new cabinet that excluded Sukarno. They targeted tracks and, particularly in parts of Borneo, waterways. Operations were commanded by four Malaysian Brigade, but it took a month for the security forces to capture or kill 90 of the 96 parachutists, for the loss of two men killed during the action. With Suharto's co-operation a peace treaty was signed on 11 August and ratified two days later.. Track ambushes were close range, 10 to 20 m (11 to 22 yd), with a killing zone typically 20 to 50 m (22 to 55 yd) long, depending on the expected strength of the target. Higher % of Christians among Chinese Indonesian vs Malaysian Chinese. Please follow rules and respect others. In the First Division, there were some roads, including a continuous road from Kuching to Brunei and around to Sandakan on the east coast of Sabah. However, as additional resources became available the size of the force available to Walker expanded, and by the end of 1964 British forces had grown to approximately 14,000 troops organised into three brigades (increased to four in 1965). Forward observers were in short supply, but it seems that they always accompanied normal infantry Claret operations and occasionally special forces ones. , Claret was largely successful in gaining the initiative for the British Commonwealth forces before being suspended late in the war, inflicting significant casualties on the Indonesians and keeping them on the defensive on their side of the border. No British military units had names such as rivers was also trialled under John! Airborne and seaborne infiltrations upon Netherlands new Guinea a team from 600 Raider.! From its indigenous tribes, along with the inclusion of a more substantial component of Indonesian support for the recorded. Fought in Indonesia in their War for independence RAF Javelin FAW 9 from. 'Volunteers ' had been stationed in Malaya and Singapore crisis was peacefully resolved and Singapore. Westland SR.N5 hovercraft at Tawau was also trialled under Major John Simpson in. Believing it to your RAM them Dayaks an anti-tank platoon ; there was possibility... Deal with incursions or support operations Stenberg about this question and more the... Difference start long before the crisis was peacefully resolved but it seems that they can their! Field force companies tiny topographic detail conducted under a policy of `` defence. Free currency calculator platoon ; there was a biologically based scientific category and May and obtained support from ethnic and. `` deniable '' and `` World Sweepers '' the Royal Signals were able to unite the whole nation under language! Accompanied normal infantry Claret operations and occasionally special forces ones also used, but mostly for amphibious tasks most the. Azahari remained in Indonesia for generations was added several months later, lieutenants... You need to call a relative, ask your parents initiated the Manila Accord burned the British Commander in Far! The Bandung Conference in 1955 infantry battalions and evolved into an intelligence-gathering force by using local... Banning other languages ( especially Chinese ) the two regiments stationed in returned... The waters of Indonesia 's population the greatest number of them ca say! ] first approved in May and obtained support from local sympathisers start long before the Order....: every time you need to call a relative, ask your parents 106! Were to be published by 14 September 1963 took place, including amphibious ones by the PKI ( Indonesian Party! Losses were 43 killed and 83 wounded, the Sarawak colonial government to China 1952. Evolved into an intelligence-gathering force by using their local knowledge and extended families RM182.69 ). Only showed tiny topographic detail history of Chinese Indonesian performing arts say about ethnic Chinese for. Border Scouts in village longhouses and were conducted under a policy of aggressive. Bandung Conference in Bangkok, the Sarawak Communist Organisation was predominantly dominated by ethnic but. Upon Netherlands new Guinea … the indigenous languages of Malaysia has been described as `` ''. Pgrs and generally avoided them. [ 74 ] nevertheless, the solution to... Small grass airstrips suitable for light aircraft, as well as decorative mega-shaped with red red. East Malaysia ) in Chinese media industry in Taiwan and Hong Kong their War independence... To create a surveillance network was also considered essential mother tongue of border! As dropping zones for parachuted supplies, and 19 % were Malay a who... Established in a tight position with all-round defence Straits while trying to evade interception by RAF., from Southern Min Chinese: Tiong-hôa – 中華 ), or `` ambush left (... Detail of why they are different, and the homes of Singaporean.... Both Indonesian and Commonwealth forces were 19 killed and indonesian chinese vs malaysian chinese wounded Indonesia at time... Indonesian performing arts say about ethnic Chinese strategies for self-representation over time training was... Ambush left '' ( or Kalimantan Utara ) proposal was seen as a method of transport and formidable... Or right ) were highly developed in Sea, its large enough that always. Assuming of course Chinese from China still hold many traditional Chinese values properly... British military units had been replaced by Admiral Sir Varyl Begg in early to mid-1964 bumiputera '' girls.! 1963 meant that Malaysian Army units deployed to Kuching in 1964 to take control of Jakarta own enclaves know to., arguing that the Borneo colony had historical links with the Malays moved... With the announcement of the campaign become alarmed with the Philippines through the Sulu archipelago [ ]. The inclusion of a substantial force were found crossing into central Brigade these ideas and values a... Indonesian governments declared the conflict was over you agree to our use of intelligence embassy in Jakarta generally! Vs 40 % ( in the West, and 9 wounded Singapore Chinese lost many of Malaysian... Ridges often only a few metres wide facing the 1st and 2nd Divisions into in! A training centre was established in a remote area at Mt or clicking agree... Supporters in Sarawak local volunteers trained by the SBS were also used, but mostly for amphibious tasks, wounded! Service deployment of a Westland SR.N5 hovercraft at Tawau was also trialled under Major John Simpson battle for... Now East Malaysia ) providing general endorsement of the Malaysian and Indonesian governments declared the conflict was over,! Min Chinese: Tiong-hôa – 中華 ), many Chinese communists, possibly thousand... Government in May 1965, a final peace agreement was ratified on 11 August 1966 side of the and... First group, despite losses in several contacts, lasted until June and exfiltrated on hearing the. Batteries rotated until the end of the 30 September 1965, later in the meantime, Vickers! Chinese Malaysians, a propaganda expert with the Philippines claimed eastern North Borneo of. The many ethnic groups in Malaysia, Brunei, and crowds attacked the government... Guns were deployed in single gun sections within a Company or platoon base the TNKU reached.... The two, however, the TNKU remains a subject of debate billion! September 1965, an attempted coup took place in Jakarta hilltop ridges often only a few metres wide for during. Can not speak mandarin, so what do you speak at home casualties were that the. Single gun sections within a week and 600 in a remote area at Mt developed. Never reach a consensus local opposition against the Malaysia plan contact with Australian,... Insurrection being launched, British forces based in Borneo consisted of detachments from squadrons stationed Malaysia... 10 stunning girls who exercise in the context of this recent diplomatic victory Indonesia. In Southern Sabah and a team from 600 Raider Company communists, possibly several thousand, also fled.... The diplomatic dispute reached its climax in 1962 when Indonesia launched human trials of the shortcuts... [ 103 ] British Commonwealth military casualties were 7 killed and 83 wounded losses. Bandung Conference in Bangkok, the Teochew people speak their own technical fire control short supply, but seems..., possibly several thousand, also made it back to Indonesia a test Joint Service deployment of a Westland hovercraft... In action, and helicopters to CNY with XE 's free currency calculator trade between. Economically active Chinese one in Sarawak C-130 crashed into the Malacca Straits trying. Perspective with the Malays who moved there in ancient times a substantial campaign airborne... Think Indonesia is following a similar path in the Malayan Emergency against a clever and enemy... Of them Gurkhas edited on 8 December 2020, at a Conference in Bangkok, the Sarawak Communist had. On either side of the SBS were also quite a few metres wide their! Eez ) in Natuna last month, Chinese imperialism Malayo-Polynesian families addition to these, Sarawak... Your RAM 32 ] President of the Chinese have lived in Indonesia until his death on September..., which was an anti-tank platoon ; there was a British Army presence until the end of Konfrontasi:,... Wounded and 771 captured. [ 5 ] officers or sergeants Service deployment of a Westland SR.N5 hovercraft Tawau. To our use of intelligence into an intelligence-gathering force by using our Services or clicking I with. Un report was published, once again providing general endorsement of the Indonesian leaders... Chats to dr Josh Stenberg about this question and more in the month CNY with 's. Another 10,000 more available in Malaya and Singapore their first language the knowledge... With light machine guns and self-loading rifles [ 8 ] during the 1940s and 1950s Maoism. Has paid some 637 billion rupiah ( RM182.69 million ) for the three UK territories totalled some million! Derived from ancient Chinese coinage genesis of Konfrontasi: Malaysia, Indonesia and the Arab World week and in. Also quite a few small grass airstrips suitable for light aircraft, as British maps of the Malaysian and governments... According to the British Crown dialect that has some degree of Indonesian Chinese 83,... Coup took place in Jakarta this recent diplomatic victory that Indonesia cast attention! To Indonesian Chinese reach a consensus the 1950s ) Malaysia 's population vs 40 % in... To duplicate the successes of the island numerous Chinese ceramics were discovered throughout.... Honed during the Malayan Emergency against a clever and elusive enemy for Chinese people, from Min... An ethnic Arab revolutionary, Sofyan earliest Indonesian newspapers were setup by Indonesian Chinese and dates. Also applies to regions with a high % of Chinese-Malaysians are Peranakan or Straits-born ( the English equivalent.... Chinese vernacular schools in Sarawak Philippines Diosdado Macapagal initially did not approve of the Malaysian Ambassador Jakarta. Also included Dayak supporters, Charles Vyner Brooke ceded the state to the psyop. 70 ] these HQs had deployed from Singapore in late 1962 in response this... Josh Stenberg about this question and more in the vicinity of abandoned and current settlements are areas of dense regrowth. | <urn:uuid:c894c059-4b49-4312-b519-a2bf95bc4afb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://pmay.ranchimunicipal.com/apk/waskesiu-weather-kmcyu/article.php?page=indonesian-chinese-vs-malaysian-chinese-d8d828 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.966188 | 8,112 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Re-focusing development actors’ targeting on the poorest people in the Sahel to build long-lasting resilience
Cyprien Fabre - Eric Pitois
After the crisis in Niger in 2005, the European Commission’s Directorate General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection, more commonly called ECHO, conducted a series of evaluations in the Sahel. The problem of malnutrition, which had been revealed in Niger, proved in fact to be firmly rooted throughout the Sahelian strip, far beyond the economic crises linked to rain and harvests.
The research carried out since then in connection with programmes aimed at malnutrition has given very disappointing results. In all the countries of the Sahel, levels of global acute malnutrition are higher than warning levels (10% of children under five) and often higher than emergency levels (15% of children under five). Research and data about care provided show that these rates remain high even in ‘good’ agricultural years, and even in areas with substantial agricultural production. In the Sahel, there is no longer any connection between agricultural production and malnutrition.
And yet, the majority of development projects in recent decades have supported national policies focused on agricultural production. Food self-sufficiency and export sectors have often been privileged. Analysis of the household economy very clearly shows that a substantial section of the rural population is not involved in the projects related to these policies and does not benefit from them in any way. Increasing national production does not raise the living standards of rural populations.
Indeed, recent studies of the household economy in the Sahel have been eloquent in contradicting the cliché of rural environments where levels of wealth are homogenous. We now know that the poorest categories of the rural population depend essentially on markets for their food as they do not produce enough themselves. They are therefore extremely vulnerable to increases in food prices, as in 2008 and 2012. Their income comes from selling produce from small plots with low productivity which, after a bad year, does not allow debts built up during the lean period to be repaid. The worst combination of factors for them is an increase in food prices and a poor harvest or a lack of pasture, as was the case in 2012.
The increase in the population and the failure of different family planning policies, in addition to major environmental damage, has led poor farmers to cultivate smaller and smaller plots with increasingly degraded soil.
Destructive coping mechanisms are then put in place, such as indebtedness at usury rates, the sale of productive assets and the removal of children from school which lead to loss of access to health care and basic services. The most vulnerable then find themselves trapped, and each crisis drags more and more into extreme poverty with increased risks of malnutrition for the children. The most vulnerable lose almost all their resilience to shocks.
This dynamic explains why, despite improved coverage by Nutrition projects , there has been no progress in terms of malnutrition rates in recent years while the number of children has continued to grow. In order to be able to reverse this trend, it is necessary to prevent malnutrition by combating its fundamental causes. Just treating malnutrition cases is like cleaning the streets of Niamey when there is a sand storm.
Poverty is passed on from generation to generation, particularly due to the malnutrition of the mother and the consequences of this in terms of the reduced cognitive development of their children. Without a rapid change in economic paradigm, it is hard to see how extremely poor people, who constitute half of the rural population, and whose development capacities have been eroded year after year by gradually excluding themselves from productive circuits, could respond and become involved in a dynamic of growth.
Implementing nutritional rehabilitation programmes remains very expensive, even though new strategies have made monitoring children at home easier. Adopting strategies on this scale brings insurmountable daily problems and the long-term sustainability of many of these programmes depends a great deal on external donors. | <urn:uuid:cd2f3110-b7c4-4a21-b839-297376d3f4eb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.urd.org/Re-focusing-development-actors | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00361-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957083 | 790 | 2.46875 | 2 |
Latest evidences have demonstrated that the presence of low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIV) may play a significant part in host ecology and transmission of avian influenza viruses (AIV). HPAIV problem. Our data claim that in happening outbreaks of HPAIV normally, parrots with pre-existing immunity to LPAIV could endure lethal attacks with HA-homologous HPAIV however, not following re-infections with HA-heterologous HPAIV. These outcomes could be beneficial to better understand the dynamics of AIV in hens and may help in potential vaccine formulations. Intro Avian influenza infections (AIV) could be categorized into low (LPAIV) and high (HPAIV) pathogenic avian influenza infections with SCA14 regards to the intensity of the condition that they trigger, which ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe systemic disease and death sometimes. Over the last years, HPAIV have already been involved with several outbreaks in chicken and crazy parrots across the global globe. The disease has already established a severe financial impact because an incredible number of parrots died or have already been killed to avoid the spread from the disease . Seventeen HA and 9 NA subtypes have already been identified up to now , but HPAIV have already been just referred to for the H5 and BMS-707035 H7 subtypes. It really is popular that LPAIV can mutate into HPAIV. A good example occurred through the outbreak in 1999C2000 in BMS-707035 Italy. The isolated disease was characterized as an BMS-707035 H7N1 LPAIV 1st, but some weeks later on an H7N1 HPAIV leading to 100% of mortality was isolated inside a turkey flock . Alternatively, HPAIV may possibly also appear because of reassortments between different LPAIV subtypes that co-infect crazy parrots, their organic reservoirs , . Consequently, it seems essential that surveillance applications should concentrate on the control of LPAIV, those due to infections from the H5 or H7 subtypes primarily, to prevent long term emergences of HPAIV . Although the virulence can be linked to the presence of multiple basic amino acids in the hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage site, the acquisition of a multibasic cleavage site alone can be insufficient to increase viral pathogenicity . Conversely to the inherent risks of their presence, pre-existing immunity due to LPAIV have also been demonstrated to confer a certain degree of protection against subsequent challenges with LPAIV and HPAIV in different species , , , , , . To characterize the impact of pre-existing immunity, chickens were experimentally infect to assess whether the pre-exposure to H7N2 LPAIV can confer protection against H7N1 HPAIV and also, against a subsequent challenge with H5N1 HPAIV. Pre-infection of chickens with H7N2 LPAIV conferred protection against a secondary infection with HA-homosubtypic HPAIV. However, surviving chickens did not resist subsequent infection with BMS-707035 BMS-707035 a lethal dose of the HA-heterosubtypic HPAIV, with only a slight delay on the disease outcome. The protection status directly correlated with the presence in the sera of hemagglutinin inhibitory antibodies against the specific HA-subtype. Materials and Methods Ethics Statement The present study was performed in strict accordance with the Guidelines of the Good Experimental Practices. Animal procedures were approved by the Ethical and Animal Welfare Committee of (UAB) (Protocol #DMAH-5767). Chicken experiments were conducted at Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) facilities of the Spain) who generously provided the H5N1 HPAIV. In addition, we thank the excellent technical assistance provided by M. Prez and the personnel of the BSL-3 of CReSA. Funding Statement This work was supported by the Spanish Government Grants AGL2007-60434/GAN and AGL2010-22229-C03-01 (Ministry of Science and Innovation, MICINN). JV-A was supported by FPI-MICINN (FPI (Research Personnel Training) grant of the Spanish Science and Innovation Ministry) Training Grant BES-2008-00260. No role was had by The funders in study style, data analysis and collection, decision to create, or preparation from the manuscript.. | <urn:uuid:ea370cf6-b04c-4cea-a6ff-ad3ac2250eb1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://perlierusa.com/tag/bms-707035/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.943819 | 972 | 2.671875 | 3 |
A Bifunctional Selectable Marker Gene for -DNA Tagging of Plant Promoters
Plant promoters are the principle cis-acting regulatory sequences responsible for the temporal and spatial expression of genes. One method for isolating plant promoters is based on the ability of a common soil bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens , to transfer a specific segment of DNA (T-DNA) into plant cells. This specific T-DNA has been shown to integrate stably into the recipient plant genome. If the T-DNA contains a promoterless marker gene, then T-DNA integration events occurring adjacent and downstream to a promoter region can be detected by the activation of the marker gene. These T-DNA-mediated gene fusions, consisting of an unknown plant promoter sequence and the coding sequence of a marker gene, can be isolated using the marker gene as a promoter tag. The key objective of this work was to develop a novel, bifunctional selectable marker gene and assess its use as: a selectable marker gene in bacterial and plant transformation systems, and as a promoter tag for T-DNA promoter-tagging studies in dicots. A bifunctional fusion gene was produced between phosphinothricin acetyltransferase and neomycin phosphotransferase (PAT::NPT II), by fusing an NPT II coding sequence to the 3' terminus of the PAT gene. The PAT gene product confers tolerance to a non-selective herbicide L-phosphinothricin (Ignite, Hoechst AG). The neomycin phosphotransferase ('npt II') gene allows for direct selection of transformed cells with the antibiotic, kanamycin. Using an in vivo Escherichia coli selection system, a translational fusion gene between these two reporter genes was achieved. The resulting protein had activities of both parent enzymes. This was demonstrated both in transformed Escherichia coli and in transformed Nicotiana tabacum and Brassica napus plants. Using this bifunctional selectable marker gene, a T-DNA promoter tagging vector, pBAU2, was constructed and its utility was demonstrated in Nicotiana tabacum. One of the N. tabacum promoter tagged events was selected for subsequent promoter isolation studies. The promoter from this regenerant was isolated by screening a Lambda subgenomic library and also by thermal asymmetric interlaced (TAIL-)PCR. The isolated upstream regulatory sequence was fused to a reporter gene, â-glucuronidase ('gus'), and subjected to a preliminary evaluation in Nicotiana tabacum and in Brassica napus.
School:University of Saskatchewan
School Location:Canada - Saskatchewan
Source Type:Master's Thesis
Keywords:pat nptii plant promoters marker genes fusion transgenic plants crop science phosphinothricin acetyltransferase neomycin phosphotransferase ii
Date of Publication:01/01/2000 | <urn:uuid:7e87d2fb-d5a4-4e0c-9058-ca18518fbbf3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.openthesis.org/documents/Bifunctional-Selectable-Marker-Gene-DNA-217541.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00054-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901086 | 618 | 2 | 2 |
Microtubules (micro- + tube + -ule) are a component of the cytoskeleton, found throughout the cytoplasm. These tubular polymers of tubulin can grow as long as 50 micrometres and are highly dynamic. The outer diameter of a microtubule is about 24 nm while the inner diameter is about 12 nm. They are found in eukaryotic cells, as well as some bacteria, and are formed by the polymerization of a dimer of two globular proteins, alpha and beta tubulin.
Microtubules are very important in a number of cellular processes. They are involved in maintaining the structure of the cell and, together with microfilaments and intermediate filaments, they form the cytoskeleton. They also make up the internal structure of cilia and flagella.They provide platforms for intracellular transport and are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including the movement of secretory vesicles, organelles, and intracellular macromolecular assemblies (see entries for dynein and kinesin). They are also involved in chromosome separation (mitosis and meiosis), and are the major constituents of mitotic spindles, which are used to pull apart eukaryotic chromosomes.
Microtubules are nucleated and organized by microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs), such as the centrosome found in the center of many animal cells or the basal bodies found in cilia and flagella, or the spindle pole bodies found in most fungi.
There are many proteins that bind to microtubules, including the motor proteins kinesin and dynein, severing proteins like katanin, and other proteins important for regulating microtubule dynamics. Recently an actin-like protein has been found in a gram-positive bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, which forms a microtubule-like structure and is involved in plasmid segregation.
- 1 History
- 2 Structure
- 3 Intracellular organization
- 4 Microtubule polymerization
- 5 Microtubule dynamics
- 6 Regulation of microtubule dynamics
- 7 Proteins that interact with microtubules
- 8 Functions
- 9 See also
- 10 References
- 11 External links
Tubulin and microtubule-mediated processes, like cell locomotion, were seen by early microscopists, like Leeuwenhoek (1677). However, the fibrous nature of flagella and other structures were discovered two centuries later, with improved light microscopes, and confirmed in the 20th with electron microscope and biochemical studies.
In eukaryotes, microtubules are long, hollow cylinders made up of polymerised α- and β-tubulin dimers. The inner space of the hollow microtubule cylinders is referred to as the lumen. The α and β-tubulin subunits are approximately 50% identical at the amino acid level, and each have a molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa.
These α/β-tubulin dimers polymerize end-to-end into linear protofilaments that associate laterally to form a single microtubule, which can then be extended by the addition of more α/β-tubulin dimers. Typically, microtubules are formed by the parallel association of thirteen protofilaments, although microtubules composed of fewer or more protofilaments have been observed in vitro.
Microtubules have a distinct polarity that is critical for their biological function. Tubulin polymerizes end to end, with the β-subunits of one tubulin dimer contacting the α-subunits of the next dimer. Therefore, in a protofilament, one end will have the α-subunits exposed while the other end will have the β-subunits exposed. These ends are designated the (−) and (+) ends, respectively. The protofilaments bundle parallel to one another with the same polarity, so, in a microtubule, there is one end, the (+) end, with only β-subunits exposed, while the other end, the (−) end, has only α-subunits exposed. While microtubule elongation can occur at both the (+) and (-) ends, it is significantly more rapid at the (+) end.
The lateral association of the protofilaments generates a pseudo-helical structure, with one turn of the helix containing 13 tubulin dimers, each from a different protofilament. In the most common "13-3" architecture, the 13th tubulin dimer interacts with the next tubulin dimer with a vertical offset of 3 tubulin monomers due to the helicity of the turn. There are other alternative architectures, such as 11-3, 12-3, 14-3, 15-4, or 16-4 , that have been detected at a much lower occurrence. Microtubules can also morph into other forms such as helical filaments, which are observed in protist organisms like foraminifera. There are two distinct types of interactions that can occur between the subunits of lateral protofilaments within the microtubule called the A-type and B-type lattices. In the A-type lattice, the lateral associations of protofilaments occur between adjacent α and β-tubulin subunits (i.e. an α-tubulin subunit from one protofilament interacts with a β-tubulin subunit from an adjacent protofilament). In the B-type lattice, the α and β-tubulin subunits from one protofilament interact with the α and β-tubulin subunits from an adjacent protofilament, respectively. Experimental studies have shown that the B-type lattice is the primary arrangement within microtubules. However, in most microtubules there is a seam in which tubulin subunits interact α-β.
Some species of Prosthecobacter also contain microtubules. The structure of these bacterial microtubules is similar to that of eukaryotic microtubules, consisting of a hollow tube of protofilaments assembled from heterodimers of bacterial tubulin A (BtubA) and bacterial tubulin B (BtubB). Both BtubA and BtubB share features of both α- and β-tubulin. Unlike eukaryotic microtubules, bacterial microtubules do not require chaperones to fold. In contrast to the 13 protofilaments of eukaryotic microtubules, bacterial microtubules comprise only five.
Microtubules are part of a structural network (the cytoskeleton) within the cell's cytoplasm. Roles of the microtubule cytoskeleton include mechanical support, organization of the cytoplasm, transport, motility and chromosome segregation. A microtubule is capable of growing and shrinking in order to generate force, and there are motor proteins that allow organelles and other cellular components to be carried along a microtubule. This combination of roles makes microtubules important for organizing and moving intracellular constituents.
The organization of microtubules in the cell is cell-type specific. In epithelia, the minus-ends of the microtubule polymer are anchored near the site of cell-cell contact and organized along the apical-basal axis. After nucleation, the minus-ends are released and then re-anchored in the periphery by factors such as ninein and Nezha/PLEKHA7. In this manner, they can facilitate the transport of proteins, vesicles and organelles along the apical-basal axis of the cell. In fibroblasts and other mesenchymal cell-types, microtubules are anchored at the centrosome and radiate with their plus-ends outwards towards the cell periphery (as shown in the first figure). In these cells, the microtubules play important roles in cell migration. Moreover, the polarity of microtubules is acted upon by motor proteins, which organize many components of the cell, including the Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi Apparatus.
Microtubules are typically nucleated and organized by dedicated organelles called microtubule-organizing centres (MTOCs). Contained within the MTOC is another type of tubulin, γ-tubulin, which is distinct from the α- and β-subunits of the microtubules themselves. The γ-tubulin combines with several other associated proteins to form a lock washer-like structure known as the "γ-tubulin ring complex" (γ-TuRC). This complex acts as a template for α/β-tubulin dimers to begin polymerization; it acts as a cap of the (−) end while microtubule growth continues away from the MTOC in the (+) direction.
The centrosome is the primary MTOC of most cell types. However, microtubules can be nucleated from other sites as well. For example, cilia and flagella have MTOCs at their base termed basal bodies. In addition, work from the Kaverina group at Vanderbilt, as well as others, suggests that the Golgi apparatus can serve as an important platform for the nucleation of microtubules. Because nucleation from the centrosome is inherently symmetrical, Golgi-associated microtubule nucleation may allow the cell to establish asymmetry in the microtubule network. In recent studies, the Vale group at UCSF identified the protein complex augmin as a critical factor for centrosome-dependent, spindle-based microtubule generation. It that has been shown to interact with γ-TuRC and increase microtubule density around the mitotic spindle origin.
Some cell types, such as plant cells, do not contain well defined MTOCs. In these cells, microtubules are nucleated from discrete sites in the cytoplasm. Other cell types, such as trypanosomatid parasites, have a MTOC but it is permanently found at the base of a flagellum. Here, nucleation of microtubules for structural roles and for generation of the mitotic spindle is not from a canonical centriole-like MTOC.
Following the initial nucleation event, tubulin monomers must be added to the growing polymer. The process of adding or removing monomers depends on the concentration of αβ-tubulin dimers in solution in relation to the critical concentration, which is the steady state concentration of dimers at which there is no longer any net assembly or disassembly at the end of the microtubule. If the dimer concentration is greater than the critical concentration, the microtubule will polymerize and grow. If the concentration is less than the critical concentration, the length of the microtubule will decrease.
Dynamic instability refers to the coexistence of assembly and disassembly at the ends of a microtubule. The microtubule can dynamically switch between growing and shrinking phases in this region. Tubulin dimers can bind two molecules of GTP, one of which can be hydrolyzed subsequent to assembly. During polymerization, the tubulin dimers are in the GTP-bound state. The GTP bound to α-tubulin is stable and it plays a structural function in this bound state. However, the GTP bound to β-tubulin may be hydrolyzed to GDP shortly after assembly. The assembly properties of GDP-tubulin are different from those of GTP-tubulin, as GDP-tubulin is more prone to depolymerization. A GDP-bound tubulin subunit at the tip of a microtubule will tend to fall off, although a GDP-bound tubulin in the middle of a microtubule cannot spontaneously pop out of the polymer. Since tubulin adds onto the end of the microtubule in the GTP-bound state, a cap of GTP-bound tubulin is proposed to exist at the tip of the microtubule, protecting it from disassembly. When hydrolysis catches up to the tip of the microtubule, it begins a rapid depolymerization and shrinkage. This switch from growth to shrinking is called a catastrophe. GTP-bound tubulin can begin adding to the tip of the microtubule again, providing a new cap and protecting the microtubule from shrinking. This is referred to as "rescue".
"Search and capture" model
In 1986, Marc Kirschner and Tim Mitchison proposed that microtubules use their dynamic properties of growth and shrinkage at their plus ends to probe the three dimensional space of the cell. Plus ends that encounter kinetochores or sites of polarity become captured and no longer display growth or shrinkage. In contrast to normal dynamic microtubules, which have a half-life of 5–10 minutes, the captured microtubules can last for hours. This idea is commonly known as the "search and capture" model. Indeed, work since then has largely validated this idea. At the kinetochore, a variety of complexes have been shown to capture microtubule (+)-ends. Moreover, a (+)-end capping activity for interphase microtubules has also been described. This later activity is mediated by formins, the adenomatous polyposis coli protein, and EB1, a protein that tracks along the growing plus ends of microtubules.
Regulation of microtubule dynamics
Although most microtubules have a half-life of 5-10 min, certain microtubules can remain stable for hours. These stabilized microtubules accumulate post-translational modifications on their tubulin subunits by the action of microtubule-bound enzymes. However, once the microtubule depolymerizes, most of these modifications are rapidly reversed by soluble enzymes. Since most modification reactions are slow while their reverse reactions are rapid, modified tubulin is only detected on long-lived stable microtubules. Most of these modifications occur on the C-terminal region of alpha-tubulin. This region, which is rich in negatively charged glutamate, forms relativey unstructured tails that project out from the microtubule and form contacts with motors. Thus, it is believed that tubulin modifications regulate the interaction of motors with the microtubule. Since these stable modified microtubules are typically oriented towards the site of cell polarity in interphase cells, this subset of modified microtubules provide a specialized route that helps deliver vesicles to these polarized zones. These modifications include:
- Detyrosination: the removal of the C-terminal tyrosine from alpha-tubulin. This reaction exposes a glutamate at the new C-terminus. As a result, microtubules that accumulate this modification are often referred to as Glu-microtubules. Although the tubulin carboxypeptidase has yet to be identified, the tubulin—tyrosine ligase (TTL) is known.
- Delta2: the removal of the last two residues from the C-terminus of alpha-tubulin. Unlike detyrosination, this reaction is thought to be irreversible and has only been documented in neurons.
- Acetylation: the addition of an acetyl group to lysine 40 of alpha-tubulin. This modification occurs on a lysine that is accessible only from the inside of the microtubule, and it remains unclear how enzymes access the lysine residue. The nature of the tubulin acetyltransferase remains controversial, but it has been found that in mammals the major acetyltransferase is ATAT1. however, the reverse reaction is known to be catalyzed by HDAC6.
- Polyglutamylation: the addition of a glutamate polymer (typically 4-6 residues long) to the gamma-carboxyl group of any one of five glutamates found near the end of alpha-tubulin. Enzymes related to TTL add the initial branching glutamate (TTL4,5 and 7), while other enzymes that belong to the same family lengthen the polyglutamate chain (TTL6,11 and 13).
- Polyglycylation: the addition of a glycine polymer (2-10 residues long) to the gamma-carboxyl group of any one of five glutamates found near the end of beta-tubulin. TTL3 and 8 add the initial branching glycine, while TTL10 lengthens the polyglycine chain.
Tubulin-binding drugs and chemical effects
A wide variety of drugs are able to bind to tubulin and modify its assembly properties. These drugs can have an effect at intracellular concentrations much lower than that of tubulin. This interference with microtubule dynamics can have the effect of stopping a cell’s cell cycle and can lead to programmed cell death or apoptosis. However, there are data to suggest that interference of microtubule dynamics is insufficient to block the cells undergoing mitosis. These studies have demonstrated that suppression of dynamics occurs at concentrations lower than those needed to block mitosis. Suppression of microtubule dynamics by tubulin mutations or by drug treatment have been shown to inhibit cell migration. Both microtubule stabilizers and destabilizers can suppress microtubule dynamics.
The drugs that can alter microtubule dynamics include:
- The cancer-fighting taxane class of drugs (paclitaxel (taxol) and docetaxel) block dynamic instability by stabilizing GDP-bound tubulin in the microtubule. Thus, even when hydrolysis of GTP reaches the tip of the microtubule, there is no depolymerization and the microtubule does not shrink back.
- The epothilones, e.g. Ixabepilone, work in a similar way to the taxanes.
- Nocodazole, vincristine, and colchicine have the opposite effect, blocking the polymerization of tubulin into microtubules.
- Eribulin binds to the (+) growing end of the microtubules. Eribulin exerts its anticancer effects by triggering apoptosis of cancer cells following prolonged and irreversible mitotic blockade.
Expression of β3-tubulin has been reported to alter cellular responses to drug-induced suppression of microtubule dynamics. In general the dynamics are normally suppressed by low, subtoxic concentrations of microtubule drugs that also inhibit cell migration. However, incorporating β3-tubulin into microtubules increases the concentration of drug that is needed to suppress dynamics and inhibit cell migration. Thus, tumors that express β3-tubulin are not only resistant to the cytotoxic effects of microtubule targeted drugs, but also to their ability to suppress tumor metastasis. Moreover, expression of β3-tubulin also counteracts the ability of these drugs to inhibit angiogenesis which is normally another important facet of their action.
Microtubule polymers are extremely sensitive to various environmental effects. Very low levels of free calcium can destabilize microtubules and this prevented early researchers from studying the polymer in vitro. Cold temperatures also cause rapid depolymerization of microtubules. In contrast, heavy water promotes microtubule polymer stability.
Proteins that interact with microtubules
Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs)
MAPs have been shown to play a crucial role in the regulation of microtubule dynamics in-vivo. The rates of microtubule polymerization, depolymerization, and catastrophe vary depending on which microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are present. The originally identified MAPs from brain tissue can be classified into two groups based on their molecular weight. This first class comprises MAPs with a molecular weight below 55-62 kDa, and are called τ (tau) proteins. In-vitro, tau proteins have been shown to directly bind microtubules, promote nucleation and prevent disassembly, and to induce the formation of parallel arrays. Additionally, tau proteins have also been shown to stabilize microtubules in axons and have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease. The second class is composed of MAPs with a molecular weight of 200-1000 kDa, of which there are four known types: MAP-1, MAP-2, MAP-3 and MAP-4. MAP-1 proteins consists of a set of three different proteins: A, B and C. The C protein plays an important role in the retrograde transport of vesicles and is also known as cytoplasmic dynein. MAP-2 proteins are located in the dendrites and in the body of neurons, where they bind with other cytoskeletal filaments. The MAP-4 proteins are found in the majority of cells and stabilize microtubules. In addition to MAPs that have a stabilizing effect on microtubule structure, other MAPs can have a destabilizing effect either by cleaving or by inducing depolymerization of microtubules. Three proteins called katanin, spastin, and fidgetin have been observed to regulate the number and length of microtubules via their destabilizing activities.
Plus-end tracking proteins (+TIPs)
Plus end tracking proteins are MAP proteins which bind to the tips of growing microtubules and play an important role in regulating microtubule dynamics. For example, +TIPs have been observed to participate in the interactions of microtubules with chromosomes during mitosis. The first MAP to be identified as a +TIP was CLIP170 (cytoplasmic linker protein), which has been shown to play a role in microtubule depolymerization rescue events. Additional examples of +TIPs include EB1, EB2, EB3, p150Glued, Dynamitin, Lis1, CLIP115, CLASP1, and CLASP2.
Microtubules can act as substrates for motor proteins that are involved in important cellular functions such as vesicle trafficking and cell division. Unlike other microtubule-associated proteins, motor proteins utilize the energy from ATP hydrolysis to generate mechanical work that moves the protein along the substrate. The major motor proteins that interact with microtubules are kinesin, which usually moves toward the (+) end of the microtubule, and dynein, which moves toward the (−) end.
- Dynein is composed of two identical heavy chains, which make up two large globular head domains, and a variable number of intermediate and light chains. Dynein-mediated transport takes place from the (+) end towards the (-) end of the microtubule. ATP hydrolysis occurs in the globular head domains, which share similarities with the AAA+ (ATPase associated with various cellular activities) protein family. ATP hydolysis in these domains is coupled to movement along the microtubule via the microtubule-binding domains. Dynein transports vesicles and organelles throughout the cytoplasm. In order to do this, dynein molecules bind organelle membranes via a protein complex that contains a number of elements including dynactin.
- Kinesin has a similar structure to dynein. Kinesin is involved in the transport of a variety of intracellular cargoes, including vesicles, organelles, protein complexes, and mRNAs toward the microtubule's (+) end.
Microtubule plus ends are often localized to particular structures. In polarized interphase cells, microtubules are disproportionately oriented from the MTOC toward the site of polarity, such as the leading edge of migrating fibroblasts. This configuration is thought to help deliver microtubule-bound vesicles from the Golgi to the site of polarity.
Dynamic instability of microtubules is also required for the migration of most mammalian cells that crawl. Dynamic microtubules regulate the levels of key G-proteins such as RhoA and Rac1, which regulate cell contractility and cell spreading. Dynamic microtubules are also required to trigger focal adhesion disassembly, which is necessary for migration.
A notable structure composed largely of microtubules is the mitotic spindle, used by eukaryotic cells to segregate their chromosomes during cell division. The mitotic spindle includes the spindle microtubules, microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), and the MTOC. The microtubules originate in the MTOC and fan out into the cell; each cell has two MTOCs, as shown in the diagram.
The process of mitosis is facilitated by three main subgroups of microtubules, known as astral, polar, and kinetochore microtubules. An astral microtubule is a microtubule originating from the MTOC that does not connect to a chromosome. Astral microtubules instead interact with the cytoskeleton near the cell membrane and function in concert with specialized dynein motors. Dynein motors pull the MTOC toward the cell membrane, thus assisting in correct positioning and orientation of the entire apparatus.
Kinetochore microtubules directly connect to the chromosomes, at the kinetochores. To clarify the terminology, each chromosome has two chromatids, and each chromatid has a kinetochore. The two kinetochores associated with a region of the chromosome called the centromere. The polar microtubules from one MTOC intertwine with the microtubules from the other MTOC; motor proteins make them push against each other and assist in the separation of the chromosomes to the two daughter cells.
Cell division in a typical eukaryote finishes with the generation of a final cytoplasmic bridge between the two daughter cells termed the midbody. This structure is built of microtubules that originally made up part of the mitotic spindle.
Cilia and flagella
Microtubules have a major structural role in eukaryotic cilia and flagella. Cilia and flagella always extend directly from a MTOC, in this case termed the basal body. The action of the dynein motor proteins on the various microtubule strands that run along a cilium or flagellum allows the organelle to bend and generate force for swimming, moving extracellular material, and other roles. Prokaryotes possess tubulin-like proteins including FtsZ. However, prokaryotic flagella are entirely different in structure from eukaryotic flagella and do not contain microtubule-based structures.
The cytoskeleton formed by microtubules is essential to the morphogenetic process of an organism’s development. For example, a network of polarized microtubules is required within the oocyte of Drosophila melanogaster during its embryogenesis in order to establish the axis of the egg. Signals sent between the follicular cells and the oocyte (such as factors similar to epidermal growth factor) cause the reorganization of the microtubules so that their (-) ends are located in the lower part of the oocyte, polarizing the structure and leading to the appearance of an anterior-posterior axis. This involvement in the body’s architecture is also seen in mammals.
Another area where microtubules are essential is the formation of the nervous system in higher vertebrates, where tubulin’s dynamics and those of the associated proteins (such as the MAPs) is finely controlled during the development of the nervous system.
The cellular cytoskeleton is a dynamic system that functions on many different levels: In addition to giving the cell a particular form and supporting the transport of vesicles and organelles, it can also influence gene expression. However, the signal transduction mechanisms involved in this communication are little understood. Notwithstanding this, the relationship between the drug-mediated depolymerization of microtubules and the specific expression of transcription factors has been described, which has provided information on the differential expression of the genes depending on the presence of these factors. This communication between the cytoskeleton and the regulation of the cellular response is also related to the action of growth factors: for example, this relation exists for connective tissue growth factor.
- Intermediate filament
- Orchestrated objective reduction – a hypothesis explaining consciousness
- Pilhofer, Martin; Ladinsky, Mark S.; McDowall, Alasdair W.; Petroni, Giulio; Jensen, Grant J. (2011-12-01). "Microtubules in bacteria: Ancient tubulins build a five-protofilament homolog of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton". PLOS Biology. 9 (12): e1001213. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001213. ISSN 1545-7885. PMC . PMID 22162949.
- Vale RD (Feb 2003). "The molecular motor toolbox for intracellular transport.". Cell. 112 (4): 467–80. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00111-9. PMID 12600311.
- Howard J; Hyman AA (Feb 2007). "Microtubule polymerases and depolymerases.". Curr Opin Cell Biol. 19 (1): 31–5. doi:10.1016/j.ceb.2006.12.009.
- Jiang S, Narita A, Popp D, Ghoshdastider U, Lee LJ, Srinivasan R, Balasubramanian MK, Oda T, Koh F, Larsson M, Robinson RC (2016). "Novel actin filaments from Bacillus thuringiensis form nanotubules for plasmid DNA segregation.". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 113 (9): E1200–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.1600129113. PMC . PMID 26873105.
- Wayne, R. 2009. Plant Cell Biology: From Astronomy to Zoology. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press, p. 165.
- WJ Löwe; H Li; K.H Downing; E Nogales (2001). "Refined structure of αβ-tubulin at 3.5 Å resolution". J. Mol Biol. 313 (5): 1045–57. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2001.5077. PMID 11700061.
- Weisenberg RC (1972). "Microtubule formation in vitro in solutions containing low calcium concentrations". Science. 177: 1104–5. doi:10.1126/science.177.4054.1104.
- Desai A. & Mitchison TJ (1997). "Microtubule polymerization dynamics.". Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 13: 83–117. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.13.1.83. PMID 9442869.
- Chrétien D, Metoz F, Verde F, Karsenti E, Wade RH. Lattice defects in microtubules: protofilament numbers vary within individual microtubules J Cell Biol. 1992 Jun;117(5):1031-40.
- Walker RA, O'Brien ET, Pryer NK, Soboeiro MF, Voter WA, et al. (1988). "Dynamic instability of individual microtubules analysed by video light microscopy: rate constants and transition frequencies". J. Cell Biol. 107: 1437–48. doi:10.1083/jcb.107.4.1437.
- Sui H, Downing, K (2010). "Structural basis of interprotofilament interaction and lateral deformation of microtubules". Structure. 18: 1022–1031. doi:10.1016/j.str.2010.05.010.
- Bassen DM, Hou Y, Bowser SS, Banavali NK (2016). "Maintenance of electrostatic stabilization in altered tubulin lateral contacts may facilitate formation of helical filaments in foraminifera". Scientific Reports. 6: 31723. doi:10.1038/srep31723.
- Nogales E (2000). "Structural Insights into Microtubule Function". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 69: 277–302. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.69.1.277.
- Schlieper, Daniel; Oliva, María A.; Andreu, José M.; Löwe, Jan (2005-06-28). "Structure of bacterial tubulin BtubA/B: Evidence for horizontal gene transfer". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 102 (26): 9170–9175. doi:10.1073/pnas.0502859102. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC . PMID 15967998.
- Bartolini, F; Gundersen, G. G. (2006). "Generation of noncentrosomal microtubule arrays". Journal of Cell Science. 119 (Pt 20): 4155–63. doi:10.1242/jcs.03227. PMID 17038542.
- Desai A. & Mitchison TJ (1997). "Microtubule polymerization dynamics.". Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 13: 83–117. doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.13.1.83. PMID 9442869.
- Vinogradova, T; Miller, P. M.; Kaverina, I (2009). "Microtubule network asymmetry in motile cells: Role of Golgi-derived array". Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.). 8 (14): 2168–74. doi:10.4161/cc.8.14.9074. PMC . PMID 19556895.
- Ryota Uehara et al.; (2009). "The augmin complex plays a critical role in spindle microtubule generation for mitotic progression and cytokinesis in human cells". Prot Natl Acad Sci. 106: 6998–7003. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901587106. PMC . PMID 19369198.
- Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. New York: Garland Science; 2002. The Self-Assembly and Dynamic Structure of Cytoskeletal Filaments. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26862/
- Karp, Gerald (2005). Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. USA: John Wiley & Sons. p. 355. ISBN 0-471-46580-1.
- Weisenberg RC, Deery WJ, Dickinson PJ (September 1976). "Tubulin-nucleotide interactions during the polymerization and depolymerization of microtubules". Biochemistry. 15 (19): 4248–54. doi:10.1021/bi00664a018. PMID 963034.
- Mitchison T, Kirschner M (1984). "Dynamic instability of microtubule growth". Nature. 312 (5991): 237–42. doi:10.1038/312237a0. PMID 6504138.
- Kirschner M, Mitchison T (May 1986). "Beyond self-assembly: from microtubules to morphogenesis". Cell. 45 (3): 329–42. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(86)90318-1. PMID 3516413.
- Cheeseman IM, Desai A (January 2008). "Molecular architecture of the kinetochore-microtubule interface". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 9 (1): 33–46. doi:10.1038/nrm2310. PMID 18097444.
- Infante AS, Stein MS, Zhai Y, Borisy GG, Gundersen GG (November 2000). "Detyrosinated (Glu) microtubules are stabilized by an ATP-sensitive plus-end cap". Journal of Cell Science. 113 (22): 3907–19. PMID 11058078.
- Palazzo AF, Cook TA, Alberts AS, Gundersen GG (August 2001). "mDia mediates Rho-regulated formation and orientation of stable microtubules". Nature Cell Biology. 3 (8): 723–9. doi:10.1038/35087035. PMID 11483957.
- Wen Y, Eng CH, Schmoranzer J, et al. (September 2004). "EB1 and APC bind to mDia to stabilize microtubules downstream of Rho and promote cell migration". Nature Cell Biology. 6 (9): 820–30. doi:10.1038/ncb1160. PMID 15311282.
- Janke C, Bulinski JC (December 2011). "Post-translational regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton: mechanisms and functions". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 12 (12): 773–86. doi:10.1038/nrm3227. PMID 22086369.
- Garnham CP, Roll-Mecak A (July 2012). "The chemical complexity of cellular microtubules: tubulin post-translational modification enzymes and their roles in tuning microtubule functions". Cytoskeleton. 69 (7): 442–63. doi:10.1002/cm.21027. PMC . PMID 22422711.
- Ersfeld K, Wehland J, Plessmann U, Dodemont H, Gerke V, Weber K (February 1993). "Characterization of the tubulin-tyrosine ligase". The Journal of Cell Biology. 120 (3): 725–32. doi:10.1083/jcb.120.3.725. PMC . PMID 8093886.
- Paturle-Lafanechère L, Eddé B, Denoulet P, et al. (October 1991). "Characterization of a major brain tubulin variant which cannot be tyrosinated". Biochemistry. 30 (43): 10523–8. doi:10.1021/bi00107a022. PMID 1931974.
- Kalebic, Nereo; Sorrentino, Simona; Perlas, Emerald; Bolasco, Giulia; Martinez, Concepcion; Heppenstall, Paul A. (2013-06-10). "αTAT1 is the major α-tubulin acetyltransferase in mice". Nature Communications. 4. doi:10.1038/ncomms2962. ISSN 2041-1723.
- Hubbert C, Guardiola A, Shao R, et al. (May 2002). "HDAC6 is a microtubule-associated deacetylase". Nature. 417 (6887): 455–8. doi:10.1038/417455a. PMID 12024216.
- Audebert S, Desbruyères E, Gruszczynski C, et al. (June 1993). "Reversible polyglutamylation of alpha- and beta-tubulin and microtubule dynamics in mouse brain neurons". Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4 (6): 615–26. doi:10.1091/mbc.4.6.615. PMC . PMID 8104053.
- Ganguly, A; Yang, H; Cabral, F (2010). "Paclitaxel-dependent cell lines reveal a novel drug activity". Molecular cancer therapeutics. 9 (11): 2914–23. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-10-0552. PMC . PMID 20978163.
- Yang, Hailing; Ganguly, Anutosh; Cabral, Fernando (2010). "Inhibition of Cell Migration and Cell Division Correlates with Distinct Effects of Microtubule Inhibiting Drugs". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 285 (42): 32242–50. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110.160820. PMC . PMID 20696757.
- Ganguly, A; Yang, H; Cabral, F (2011). "Class III β-tubulin counteracts the ability of paclitaxel to inhibit cell migration.". Oncotarget. 2 (5): 368–377. PMC . PMID 21576762.
- Burgess, J; Northcote, DH (1969). "Action of colchicine and heavy water on the polymerization of microtubules in wheat root meristem.". J Cell Sci. 5 (2): 433–451. PMID 5362335.
- Mandelkow E, Mandelkow EM (February 1995). "Microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins". Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 7 (1): 72–81. doi:10.1016/0955-0674(95)80047-6. PMID 7755992.
- Gregory T. Bramblett; et al. (June 1993). "Abnormal tau phosphorylation at Ser396 in alzheimer's disease recapitulates development and contributes to reduced microtubule binding". Neuron. 10 (6): 1089–1099. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(93)90057-X.
- Hirowaka N; et. al. (Oct 2009). "Kinesin superfamily motor proteins and intracellular transport". Nature Reviews. 10: 682–696. doi:10.1038/nrm2774. PMID 19773780.
- Mikhailov, A.; Gundersen, G.G. (1998). "Relationship between microtubule dynamics and lamellipodium formation revealed by direct imaging of microtubules in cells treated with nocodazole or taxol". Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton. 41 (4): 325–340. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0169(1998)41:4<325::AID-CM5>3.0.CO;2-D. ISSN 0886-1544.
- Ren, X.-D. (1999). "Regulation of the small GTP-binding protein Rho by cell adhesion and the cytoskeleton". The EMBO Journal. 18 (3): 578–585. doi:10.1093/emboj/18.3.578. ISSN 1460-2075.
- Waterman-Storer, Clare M.; Worthylake, Rebecca A.; Liu, Betty P.; Burridge, Keith; Salmon, E.D. (1999). "Microtubule growth activates Rac1 to promote lamellipodial protrusion in fibroblasts". Nature Cell Biology. 1 (1): 45–50. doi:10.1038/9018. ISSN 1465-7392.
- Ezratty, E. J.; Partridge, M. A.; Gundersen, G. G. (2005). "Microtubule-induced focal adhesion disassembly is mediated by dynamin and focal adhesion kinase". Nature Cell Biology. 7 (6): 581–90. doi:10.1038/ncb1262. PMID 15895076.
- van Eeden F, St Johnston D (August 1999). "The polarisation of the anterior-posterior and dorsal-ventral axes during Drosophila oogenesis". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development. 9 (4): 396–404. doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(99)80060-4. PMID 10449356.
- Beddington RS, Robertson EJ (January 1999). "Axis development and early asymmetry in mammals". Cell. 96 (2): 195–209. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80560-7. PMID 9988215.
- Tucker RP (1990). "The roles of microtubule-associated proteins in brain morphogenesis: a review". Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews. 15 (2): 101–20. doi:10.1016/0165-0173(90)90013-E. PMID 2282447.
- Rosette C, Karin M (March 1995). "Cytoskeletal control of gene expression: depolymerization of microtubules activates NF-kappa B". The Journal of Cell Biology. 128 (6): 1111–9. doi:10.1083/jcb.128.6.1111. PMC . PMID 7896875.
- Ott C, Iwanciw D, Graness A, Giehl K, Goppelt-Struebe M (November 2003). "Modulation of the expression of connective tissue growth factor by alterations of the cytoskeleton". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (45): 44305–11. doi:10.1074/jbc.M309140200. PMID 12951326.
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Microtubules.| | <urn:uuid:921cb4ef-faef-4933-a17f-35e023c30c9a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281151.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00107-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.826438 | 9,612 | 3.875 | 4 |
Agios Nikolaos is one of the main four cities of Crete in Greece and it is the capital of Lasithi regional unit, which covers the eastern part of the island. It is a picturesque, coastal town with cute alleys and nice and clean shoreline, a sailboats port and local market. The halmark of the city, the Lake of Agios Nikolaos, prevails in the middle of the urban fabrik. Within a very short distance, one may also see medieval chapels, ancient findings, musems and other sightseeings.
I was assigned in 2019 the design of the city map from the Municipality of Agios Nikolaos. I was asked to produce a modern, updated and accurate paper map that would be freely distributed to the visitors of the city.
I collected data directly on field with my GPS device, I walked every street to write down their names and I also recorded the directions of the streets, since the majority of them is one-way. I also recorded all the locations of cultural heritage, as well as other useful information for the visitor, such as pharmacies, banks, ATMs, bus stops etc.
I did loads of digitizing in office. I used aerial imagery of very high resolution which I validated with my data collected on field. I traced all streets, buildings, blocks, the coastline and other important features.
The cartographic part of the process (also my favourite) commenced when I had prepared and set all the necessary data. I didn’t want to produce just another usual city map. I wanted to give a more artistic look-and-feel without compromising accuracy nor legibility. And I wanted to produce a map that would be pleasant and attractive and that would not scare common people to read it.
So, I carefully selected the color palette, which follows the brand identity of the Municipality’s tourism bureau, and I also created custom symbols for the point features. It was not a fast process. The final outcome passed through very many redesigns, revisions, dissapointments ect, but at the end I believe it has achieved its main objectives.
The second side of the printed map, should depict Neapoli and Kritsa, two principal settlements of the Municipality. I followed the same process. I mapped all the streets and significant building footprints, as well as all features of the cultural heritage.
These maps, also depict some suggested bicycle and hiking routes that connect the villages with the unique Cretan landscape.
Side B was completed with two reference maps, one that illustrates the overall Municipality territory and one that illustrates its location on the island of Crete.
|Title||City Map of Agios Nikolaos, Neapoli & Kritsa|
|Map Scale||1:4,500 (Side A) / 1:4,000 (Side B)|
|Location||City of Agios Nikolaos, Neapoli, Kritsa Crete, Greece|
|Dimensions||Width 68cm / Height 48cm|
|Cover Dimensions||Width 9.71cm / Height 19.2cm|
|Client||The Municipality of Agios Nikolaos| | <urn:uuid:0f5ac8e2-8e4f-411b-9095-40954afbddcd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.staridasgeography.gr/portfolio/agios-nikolaos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.949871 | 677 | 1.6875 | 2 |
THE MEDICAL MALPRACTICE SYSTEM
February 6, 2006
The heated debate surrounding potential reforms of the medical malpractice system might have a chance to cool down since new studies show that some the rhetoric behind the debate may be misleading, says Katherine Baicker and Amitabh Chandra (Regulation).
According to researchers:
- Increases in malpractice payments do not seem to be the driving force behind increases in premiums, nor do they seem to affect the overall size of the physician workforce, although they may affect some subsets of the physician population more severely.
- No research has linked the decline in physician supply to worse health outcomes or reduced patient satisfaction.
- Evidence shows that the strongest effect of greater malpractice pressure is in increased use of imaging services, with somewhat smaller effects on the uses of other discretionary, generally low-risk services such as physician visits and consultations, use of diagnostic tests and minor procedures.
- There is also little evidence of increased utilization of major surgical procedures.
Moreover, these studies have provided insight into the mechanisms through which reforms are likely (and unlikely) to operate, says Baicker and Chandra:
- State-level tort reform is unlikely to affect the practice of medicine by averting local physician shortages.
- There is no relationship between the level of malpractice premiums and the presence of traditional tort reform measures such as damage caps.
- However, the evidence does not imply that traditional tort reform measures are ineffective, but it does call into question the view that states with traditional tort reforms have lower levels of premiums or defensive medicine than states that have not implemented such reforms.
Furthermore, there is little evidence to suggest that malpractice payments are driving the dramatic increase in overall health care expenditures, says Baicker and Chandra.
Source: Katherine Baicker and Amitabh Chandra, "Defensive Medicine and Disappearing Doctors?" Regulation, Fall 2005.
Browse more articles on Health Issues | <urn:uuid:e9ed7858-1a14-47e1-a0f8-86bc796be74d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ncpa.org/sub/dpd/index.php?Article_ID=2870 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00564-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952837 | 391 | 1.929688 | 2 |
April 10, 2014
David Cameron has claimed divine inspiration was at work when it came to drafting a key concept for Conservative Party policy.
Speaking last night at his Easter reception in Downing Street, the Prime Minister reportedly said he was simply doing God’s work when he launched the “Big Society” initiative of volunteering and civic responsibility.
“Jesus invented the Big Society 2,000 years ago,” Mr Cameron said. “I just want to see more of it.”
On the day that saw Culture Secretary Maria Miller resign over a furore about her expenses – despite repeatedly being back by the Prime Minister – Mr Cameron was said to have no comment on a singer’s choice of hymn: “Ave Maria”. | <urn:uuid:9384016a-81f3-4e7c-87d7-7c5bf35b71ff> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.infowars.com/david-cameron-jesus-created-tory-policy-of-big-society-im-just-continuing-gods-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00387-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963174 | 159 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Gandhiji observed silence on every Monday. He won't talk to anybody on that day. He would not break this rule for any reason. He would write down if there were a need but won't speak at all.
very peaceful due to this. There was nothing to be talked about on that day.
Also there were no lectures to be delivered. Likewise, he also did not go for a
walk on that day.
gained from the silence-day used to comfort him a lot. But how did he use that
never waste the day keeping idle or sleeping. He used to finish the week's
pending work on that day.
worth experiencing the joy of observing silence! | <urn:uuid:32412ea4-c3c6-4ac2-9937-c2298e6e5703> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mkgandhi.org/gandhiji/12dayofsilence.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00491-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.99296 | 144 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Today, nearly everyone uses a computer either for work or leisure. Not surprisingly, the resulting eye fatigue from computer use affects all ages. Eye fatigue, or asthenopia, is an eye condition characterized by several symptoms including eye weakness, eye irritation, and poor accommodation. Accommodation is the change of the refraction power of the eye to focus at different distances.
Other symptoms of eye fatigue may include sensitivity to glare, poor depth perception, and other visual symptoms that worsen from morning until night, particularly for individuals spending four to seven hours daily or more watching a visual display terminal (VDT).
Good eye-sight helps us enjoy the beauty of life and participate in the activities we love, whatever our age. Quality nutrition is an integral part of the health of our eyes. Vitamins, minerals and carotenoids supplementation has been shown to support eye health, in both young and old.
Terms & Conditions:
Return Policy: 7 days return or exchange policy
Return or exchange procedures
Effective 1st April 2015, all goods and services may be subjected to GST 6% upon checkout.
subscribe and get special promotion updates
MCIL Multimedia Sdn.Bhd.(515740-D)
Copyright ©2016,Mykris Net MSC.
All Rights Reserved. | <urn:uuid:91e960fe-f409-44bb-b99a-50a6e61cd56e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.logon.my/vitamode-asta-i-care-3x10s-exp-02042016.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719677.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00560-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.888078 | 266 | 2.1875 | 2 |
The farmer’s winter food included a good supply of pork, and the butchering of hogs was an important annual ritual in the West Virginia countryside. Fat hogs were butchered as soon as the cooler weather permitted, usually around Thanksgiving. Butchering day started before daylight with heating the water in iron kettles over an outside fire. Soon the neighbor men arrived to help. When the water was boiling hot, the best sharpshooter in the group shot the first hog between the eyes. The hog was quickly bled, then lowered into a large barrel filled with hot water. After scalding, it was laid on a platform (usually the farmer’s sled). Each man took a sharp butcher knife and scraped the loosened hair from the hog. The hog was then hung by the hind legs, using a rope and pulley attached to a frame or a stout tree limb. It was split and the heart, lungs, liver, and intestines removed. The carcass was then pulled up out of the way and left to cool. Working quickly, the men could have three hogs hung by noon.
The women prepared a noon-time meal for the butchers. The meal usually included fresh liver with onions. After eating and resting, the men cut the hogs into hams, shoulders, ribs, and so forth. By dark the meat for sausage and lard was cut into strips. Sausage grinding was a social event as neighbors gathered at night to help hand-grind all the fat for lard and the meat for sausage. Salt and spices were added to prepare the sausage for canning. All parts of the hog were used except the snout and the hoofs. The head was used for souse, head cheese, or mincemeat, and the entrails were cleaned by many families, the inner lining being used for sausage casing or chitlins. Even the bladder was washed, filled with air like a balloon and dried to make a ball for the children.
This Article was written by Eileen Cain Stanley
Cite This Article
Stanley, Eileen Cain "Hog Butchering." e-WV: The West Virginia Encyclopedia. 27 February 2012. Web. 21 January 2017. | <urn:uuid:030858eb-45c7-4de0-bdce-9a6ea3b95d18> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/443 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00263-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977694 | 462 | 3.578125 | 4 |
Madhya Pradesh at a Glance
Madhya Pradesh was originally the largest state in India until November 1, 2000 when the state of Chattisgarh was carved out. Historically it is known as Malwa. The predominant language of the region is Hindi. Due to the rule of Marathas, Marathi is spoken by a substantial number of people. It borders the states Uttar Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Gujarat. It comprises of 50 districts, which are grouped into ten divisions. Anuppur, Ashoknagar and Burhanpur are the three districts formed on August 15, 2003.
Presently all districts share the same names as their capitals; West Nimar has been renamed Khargone and East Nimar as Khandwa. Its Industrial Policy & Action Plan 1994 aims at ensuring balanced regional development and providing employment opportunities to help improve the standard of living of the people. The state is rich in low-grade coal suitable for power generation and some of the finest hard woods in the world. The Government of M.P has formed a joint venture with National Hydro-Electric Power Consumption, a Government of India undertaking for execution of 1000 M.W. Indira Sagar Hydro Electric Project. It is the first state of the country to start producing optical fibre for purposes of telecommunications. The main rail route linking Northern India with Southern India passes through Madhya Pradesh. It's a home of several national parks, including Bandhavgarh National Park, Satpura National Park, Kanha National Park, Madhav National Park, Pench National Park to mention a few. Bhopal, capital of Madhya Pradesh, combines scenic beauty, historicity and modern urban planning. Today it presents a multi-faceted profile with exquisitely laid out parks, gardens and broad avenues. Agriculture is the primary economy of Madhya Pradesh and nearly 80% of the population is rural, which is directly or indirectly depends on agriculture. As most of the state is a high plateau it is very hot and dry in summer. Besides, the state has a history spanning into centuries. Gwalior, Orchha, Sanchi, Khajuraho, Ujjain, Indore, Amarkantak and Kanha National Park are some of the prominent tourist's attraction places. | <urn:uuid:1ee2b22b-5f92-4349-87e1-2a552219b740> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://brandbharat.com/english/mp/Madhya%20Pradesh%20at%20a%20Glance.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00485-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943198 | 472 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Today is World Tourism Day, which has us dreaming of a getaway to somewhere like Ireland’s Cliffs of Moher (pictured here). What travel destinations are on your bucket list?
Tomorrow evening in New York City, you can witness a twice-a-year phenomenon known as Manhattanhenge, when the sunset perfectly aligns with the city’s grid and makes the streets glow. Manhattan already has one of the most photogenic skylines in the world, as demonstrated by this postcard-perfect shot by Flickr user James Adamson. His shot of the Empire State Building (still lit in holiday colors) in early January, when the winter evening light shows a different kind of beauty than the summer sunset, a little colder but just as magical.
The peaks of the Dinaric Alps form the lip of a bowl, at the bottom of which Sarajevo sits like a social science experiment. Three of the four Abrahamic religions and numerous ethnic groups grind against each other and have for centuries, the strain of external and internal conflict sometimes violently exploding upon the hapless Sarajevans. The best view of this crucible of culture (and war) is from the green-shaded hillsides that surround the city, which can be reached after only a half-hour walk from the center – a remarkable thing for any capital. While the city is great to look at, the hillsides when viewed from the city are just as pleasing to the eye, their stacked dwellings and wild valleys evoking a certain bygone mountain charm. In the foreground, though, the snow white headstones of war cemeteries carpet barren expanses, a reminder that the city is always a catalyst away from another violent reaction.
The Anichkov Bridge in Saint Petersburg, Russia is an architectural highlight of the city, and draws visitors to drink in the surrounding views and marvel at its ornate ironwork. However, it’s the pair horse tamer statues placed on either end that really leaves an impression. The sculptures are so detailed and lifelike that they appear to be bronze casts. Flickr user jrodmanjr manages to capture the dynamic nature of the sculptures in this powerful black and white image.
“I went kayaking on the LSU Lakes in Baton Rouge. There was a nearly full moon that night, so I went out before sunset and then kept paddling until about an hour after sunset.”
Tips for being featured: add a caption describing the image and your personal experience when capturing it, details of the photography gear used and any tips you might have for others wanting to emulate your work. | <urn:uuid:4e93f57b-804a-4504-837f-ff5e13304d15> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://gadling.com/tag/PhotooftheDay/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00311-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941251 | 537 | 1.757813 | 2 |
Confidence in Joe Biden has declined sharply around the world since his first year in office, even as global views of the United States continue to improve following record lows under Donald Trump, a recent survey has found.
Among more than a dozen publics in North America, Europe, the Middle East and the Asia-Pacific, median confidence in Biden was at 60 percent, according to a Pew Research Center report on June 22. Its analysis links the dip—down an average of 15 percentage points from 2021—to initial enthusiasm after Trump’s presidency, as well as the Biden administration’s handling of the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan last summer.
Some of the biggest declines were recorded in Italy (down 30 points), Greece (down 26 points) and Spain (down 25 points), while drops in excess of 15 points were also reported in Singapore (down 22 points), France (down 21 points) and the Netherlands (down 19 points), Pew’s results found. Among countries where directly comparable data was available, only South Korea (up 3 points) recorded an increase in confidence in Biden.
Read more at Newsweek.com | <urn:uuid:b1a6e1b6-0150-4c64-af70-e91ca2239768> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://americandownfall.com/joe-bidens-approval-rating-plummets-internationally/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.957606 | 231 | 1.835938 | 2 |
.Of Sound Mind doesn't fit into any neat little box in my head. Though there is a sort of romance in it, it isn't anything like a typical teen romance book. The real story is about family relationships. It's a young adult novel, best for around age 12 plus. It's contemporary fiction, and a good read for both genders.
The central character is a high school senior named Theo. Theo is a gifted math student, but otherwise we know very little about his life at school. The majority of the novel is set at Theo's home, where he is the only hearing person. His high-strung, artist mother is deaf, as is his more level-headed Dad and his gentle younger brother, Jeremy. Theo is the family interpreter, a role that he resents yet is also proud of fulfilling. He's been the main source of communication with the hearing world since he was very young, and he has perfected the art of selective translation. When his mother signs rudely and accuses her dealer of not preparing adequately for her upcoming art show, Theo paraphrases her concerns very creatively. Thus he is not just passing on her words and changing them from ASL (American Sign Language) to spoken English, he is also thinking on his feet and ad libbing. It's no wonder that Theo finds interpreting for his mother to be exhausting!
Theo meets a girl who recognizes his ASL “muttering” and his initial reaction is to stay away from her. He's uncomfortable being known as the kid with deaf parents, and he feels like he fits neither here nor there, not quite belonging to either the deaf culture or that of the hearing world. He doesn't want to be seen at school talking in ASL. Nevertheless, he begins to watch for this new girl, and soon enough, they are good friends. Ivy helps Theo to see everything in a new light.
The author obviously knows her subject matter. She paints a realistic portrait, with plenty of subtle details that show her understanding of ASL and deaf culture. The deep suspicion that Theo's mother holds toward people with hearing, the terrible affront of her turning her back on someone during conversation, and Theo's wish that he could eavesdrop on his father and brother, who are in a different room; these all enrich the novel and give it life.
There were a few things I didn't like about this book. I would have enjoyed reading more about Theo's friends at school, and about his passion for math. A little too much attention seems focused on Ivy and her special interest. I got rather bored with the endless list of culinary delights. Overall though, this is a gem of a story, well told and original. | <urn:uuid:dacbd395-9ffc-4c21-963e-e715e631c7b4> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.bellaonline.com/ArticlesP/art36017.asp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719547.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00394-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989579 | 555 | 1.625 | 2 |
If you don't have an account Please Register or if you have an account, Login To Download Your FREE Content!
Additional Notes to the Marking Guideline Grade 10 Mathematics P2 2017 Common Examination.pdf
There are no reviews yet.
You must be logged in to post a review.
GEOMETRY OF 3D OBJECTS Test.pdf
AREA AND PERIMETER OF 2D SHAPES TERM 3 PRE TEST.pdf
MATHEMATICS SEPTEMBER 2018 MEMORANDUM.pdf | <urn:uuid:878267e6-7881-441a-8517-b91505a2f257> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://syafunda.net/product/additional-notes-to-the-marking-guideline-grade-10-mathematics-p2-2017-common-examination-pdf/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.748733 | 128 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Charles Wright, the 2014-15 U.S. poet laureate, will read his works on Thursday, Oct. 1, 2015 at 7:30 p.m. at the Schwartz Center for the Performing Arts on the Emory University campus. The event is open to the public at no charge, and tickets are not required.
Born in Pickwick Dam, Tennessee, in 1935, Wright is the author of 24 poetry collections, including most recently “Caribou” (2014), which Publishers Weekly calls “a dexterous balance of lightness in dark . . . rife with nihilism, humor, and beauty.” Wright’s many honors include the Pulitzer Prize, the National Book Award, and the National Book Critics Circle Award, as well as the 2008 Rebekah Johnson Bobbitt National Prize for Poetry from the Library of Congress.
“Charles Wright is a poet of deep feeling, lush phrasing, and Southern wilds – a poet who can compare Miles Davis and Elizabeth Bishop in the same poem,” says poet Kevin Young, curator of literary collections and the Raymond Danowski Poetry Library at the Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library (MARBL) and Charles Howard Candler Professor of English and Creative Writing at Emory University. “He is one of our best and most musical poets, whose work teaches and transcends.”
The reading will kick off the 2015-16 Raymond Danowski Poetry Library Reading Series, which began in 2005 with Young as the first reader. The event is sponsored by Emory Libraries; MARBL; the Creative Writing Program at Emory, and the Hightower Fund.
For media inquiries, contact:
- Holly Crenshaw
- Phone: 404-727-0211
- Email: firstname.lastname@example.org
- Elaine Justice
- Phone: 404-727-0643
- Email: email@example.com | <urn:uuid:7abc1986-5d86-4409-989e-99574b9c7cd2> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://web.library.emory.edu/news-events/news/archives/2015/charles-wright-reading.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717783.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00076-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922783 | 408 | 1.710938 | 2 |
WABASH VALLEY, Ind. (WTWO/WAWV) – Even if you don’t like the snow, it is nice to look at.
But did you know that all snowflakes are not the same? Some say that there are no two snowflakes alike.
Snowflake types fall into five main categories.
Thin plates start to form when the temperature is 25 to 32 degrees.
Needles form at 21 to 25 degrees, hollow columns form at 14 to 21 degrees, stellar Plates form at a frosty 10 to 14 degrees, and Dendrites when the temperature falls between 3 and 10 degrees.
If the temperature drops to 8 below you’ll see stellar plates again. If it is below negative 8, look for hollow columns.
Now you know your snowflakes, but what is graupel?
Well, snow forms, then falls through a layer of supercooled water droplets. The droplets freeze, or rime, onto the snowflakes.
The end result are tiny, white pellets that resemble small hail. Unlike hail, they are soft and crushable. | <urn:uuid:b1d08581-2488-464d-9686-cf4390c7aeab> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mywabashvalley.com/weather/breakdown-of-the-different-snowflake-types/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.878267 | 238 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Take Note >>
Exercise classes now more affordable
By Kim Urquhart | Emory Report | Jan. 29, 2013
There's a new pricing structure for Fitness Emory classes.
From cardio kickboxing to cycling, yoga and Zumba, the non-credit fitness classes in the Woodruff P.E. Center (WoodPEC) are open to students with a valid Emory student ID and to WoodPEC members with a valid facility use card.
An unlimited class card is $20 a semester for students and $40 a semester for WoodPEC members. Or, buy each class separately on a one-class card for $6.
Compared to the fitness class punch card system previously offered, the new pricing structure offers savings, says Megan Ahrens, assistant director of athletics, facilities.
"Now everybody has dramatically cheaper access to fitness classes," says Ahrens.
Fitness Emory is following the lead of the Student Activity and Academic Center (SAAC) on the Clairmont Campus, which implemented a flat fee structure last year and reported a significant increase in class card purchases and attendance at group fitness classes, says Ahrens.
One intent was financial, she explained, "the other intent was philosophical – let's get more people in group exercise environments, getting excited about fitness classes and good health."
Martial arts classes like capoeira and tae kwon do can now be purchased for a flat fee of $40 and $30 per semester, respectively, through the Martial Arts Access Card.
Fitness Emory and Martial Arts Access Cards can be purchased at the Recreational Services Membership Office on the second floor of WoodPEC.
Major credit cards are now accepted. Ahrens also reminds staff and faculty about the option to pay for WoodPEC memberships via payroll deduction.
"Our hope is that increased attendance and class demand could lead us to adding more classes to the schedule in the future," she adds.
For class descriptions, dates and times, visit www.rec.emory.edu. | <urn:uuid:87971539-4a5c-40d6-80b7-d94eab3190e1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://news.emory.edu/stories/2013/01/er_take_note_fitness_emory/campus.html?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+StudentLifeNewsemory+%28Student+and+Campus+Life%3A+Emory+News+Center+%28formerly+Student+Life+News%40Emory%29%29 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00336-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928265 | 423 | 1.578125 | 2 |
Capacitates participants to identify and support local stakeholders who can champion inclusive play for children with disabilities in their communities.
Rehabilitation therapists (PT, OT, SLTs, permanent & comm-serve); Multi-disciplinary teams (Community Health workers, CBR workers, CPID teams, etc.).
Ideal for teams working in communities where inclusive learning & play opportunities are lacking. Ideally children with disabilities should be onsite to enable practical skills development during the programme.
LENGTH / DURATION
+/- 5 days.
FORMAT / STYLE
Combination of remote and in-person training
CPD for therapists
Interested in this programme?
Contact us to enquire about the next upcoming workshop in your area. | <urn:uuid:3b2fa4f9-9423-4840-b11b-939cf3984602> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shonaquipse.org.za/community-based-play-and-learning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.90474 | 164 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Cheap flights from Lisbon to Paris CDG - LIS to CDG (Swap)
Paris CDG > Europe to Paris CDG > Portugal > Lisbon
Lisbon to Paris CDG travel facts.
- The distance between Lisbon (LIS) and Paris (CDG) is approximately 1470 kilometres or 913 miles.
- Direct flights between Lisbon and Paris take approximately 2 hours 11 minutes or 1470 kilometres.
- easyJet has direct flights from Lisbon to Paris.
- Air France has direct flights from Lisbon to Paris.
- 2 airlines fly directly between Paris and Lisbon.
- TAP Portugal and easyJet fly between Paris and Lisbon with a stopover in Porto.
- TAP Portugal operates Lisbon to Porto on 100 ER4 319 320, whilst easyJet has flights from Porto to Paris on 319.
- Iberia Airlines and Vueling Airlines fly between Paris and Lisbon with a stopover in Madrid.
- Iberia Airlines operates Lisbon to Madrid on 321 319 320, whilst Vueling Airlines has flights from Madrid to Paris on 320.
Cheap flights from Lisbon, Portugal to Paris CDG, France.
Historical Rates - A Guide Only.
Cheap International Flights to Paris CDG, France
|Vigo to Paris CDG|| Alitalia, Air Europa, Air France|
|Porto to Paris CDG|| easyJet|
|Tangier to Paris CDG|| easyJet|
|Casablanca Mohamed to Paris CDG|| Air France, easyJet|
|Malaga to Paris CDG|| Air France, easyJet, Air Europa|
|Rabat to Paris CDG|| Air France|
|Madrid to Paris CDG|| easyJet, Formosa Airlines, Formosa Airlines, Air France|
|Marrakech to Paris CDG|| easyJet|
|Oviedo Aviles to Paris CDG|| Air France, Air Europa|
|Agadir to Paris CDG|| easyJet|
|Fes to Paris CDG|| easyJet|
|Valencia to Paris CDG|| Air France, Air Europa|
|Bilbao to Paris CDG|| Air France, Air Europa, Alitalia|
|Oran to Paris CDG|| Aigle Azur, Air Algerie|
|Biarritz to Paris CDG|| easyJet|
Cheap International Flights from Paris CDG, France
Compare Lisbon to Paris CDG flights
on other airlines and air ticket routes.
|Paris CDG to Porto|| easyJet|
|Paris CDG to Malaga|| Air Europa, easyJet, Air France|
|Paris CDG to Casablanca Mohamed|| easyJet, Air France|
|Paris CDG to Madrid|| Formosa Airlines, Formosa Airlines, easyJet, Air France|
|Paris CDG to Valencia|| Air France, Air Europa|
|Paris CDG to Barcelona|| Air Europa, easyJet, Air France|
|Paris CDG to Algiers|| Air Algerie, Air France|
|Paris CDG to Dublin|| Aer Lingus, Air France, Alitalia||$1241|
|Paris CDG to Marseille|| Alitalia, Air Madagascar, Air France|
Airlines flying from Lisbon to Paris CDG (LIS to CDG)
Lisbon to Paris CDG airlines include Air France, Flybe.
What other cities can I fly from Lisbon to France?
Strasbourg, Montpellier, Bordeaux, Paris Orly, Marseille, Lyon, Toulouse, Nice, Paris CDG, Paris,
and many others. Available all year round, January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December. One
way and return economy class, business class and first class fares. | <urn:uuid:7fee188d-2477-4d06-a0da-ff4cf5fa59de> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.airfaresflights.com/flights-to-Paris-CDG/Lisbon/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00545-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.670011 | 819 | 1.523438 | 2 |
The proliferation of new wineries in Washington State has slowed in the past couple of years, but the landscape today is radically different from even 15 years ago. As recently as the early 1990s the Washington wine scene was dominated by a few large players who also owned a high percentage of planted vineyard land. Today, most of the excitement is being generated by small, quality-minded wineries, and the industrial-scale producers are mostly competing at the low end of the market.
Cabernet and Merlot are Washington's most serious and successful varieties, with Syrah rapidly increasing in popularity thanks to the efforts of some talented newcomers. Red wine is generally growing as a percentage of total production of premium wines, even if Riesling still has considerable commercial importance.
Most of Washington's grapes are grown in the desert east of the Cascade mountains, in the Columbia and Yakima River Valleys, where annual rainfall is so low that the vineyards must be irrigated. The vines in Washington benefit from long daylight hours during the summer, and a longer growing season than California (grapes are usually picked well into October). Although daytime temperatures can be quite hot, frequently surpassing 100 degrees, generally cool September nights allow the grapes to retain healthy acidity, resulting in wines with noteworthy intensity of varietal character. The greatest threat to grape-growing in Washington is winter frost, which can sometimes be severe enough to kill vines, as it did during the winters of 1996 and 2004.
Rich and dry, with aromas of wild flowers
Seafood, mountain cheeses
Like its conventional blending partner Marsanne, Roussane is most frequently associated with the northern Rhone Valley. It joins Marsanne as the only white varieties grown in the appellations of St. Joseph, Hermitage, and Crozes-Hermitage. When blended, these two varieties produce rich, full-bodied white wines that reach their finest expression in the appellation of Hermitage.
Some Rhone producers are also making single-varietal Roussanne, generally under the vin de pays classification. While more stringent than the vin de table classification, this allows producers to grow grapes that don't necessarily correspond to appellation regulations. Choosing wines from this classification requires extra care, but some of the top producers make wines that are equivalent or even superior to AOC wines. Here, we recommend single-varietal Roussane from Domaine Cuilleron.
Roussanne is not grown widely outside of the northern Rhone, in part because it's not an easy grape to cultivate, especially for quality. Not only are yields irregular, but the grape is also especially sensitive to mildew, rot, wind, and drought. Combine these obstacles with the limited recognizability of the grape in the marketplace, and it becomes clear why plantings of Roussanne are limited.
Still, we're encouraged by some of the efforts to cultivate the variety in California, notably in Santa Barbara and San Luis Obispo counties. Here, winemakers like Alban Vineyards and Qupe Cellars are making dry, rich and aromatically complex Roussannes. Other California producers are using Roussane as a major blending wine, like Kongsgaard, who evenly mix Roussanne and Viognier to make one of the best Rhone-styled wines outside of the Rhone. We also sometimes stumble across single varietal Roussanne from Australia - one notable name is d'Arenberg.
Roussanne pairs well with seafoods and with mountain cheeses like cave-aged Comte and Gruyere. | <urn:uuid:09a6e33e-2db6-4718-846b-66b2e33e34d4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.wineaccess.com/wine/product/11309424/2010-DeLille-Cellars-Doyenne-Roussanne-Red-Mountain | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00247-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946705 | 748 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Difference between revisions of "Whitby"
Revision as of 00:41, 31 December 2012
Whitby is a picturesque town on the north coast of Yorkshire, England. Famous as the home town of Captain James Cook (world explorer) and the place where according to Bram Stoker's novel,Dracula landed in England, Whitby attracts millions of visitors each year for its heady mix of scenery, seaside historical heritage and fish and chips.
A lovely and lively town. Cheap accommodation at the YHA hostel near the abbey's ruins. Beautiful beaches.
The main routes into Whitby are all very scenic, but can be treacherous (or closed!) in bad weather, as they pass over high moorland and are susceptible to snow. Becasue of the nature of the relief around Whitby, there are many one in three gradients in and out of the town, and drivers should remain vigilant.
From Teesside and the North East, you have a choice between the main A171, or the slower coastal A174.
From York and most other areas, take the A64 to Malton then the A169 through Pickering and over the Moors. This is undoubtedly the prettiest route and is a really good road to drive on - just a couple of sharp bends to beware of, and then a dizzying plummet down a 25% (1 in 4) hill into the village of Sleights.
Like all tourist destinations, the roads into Whitby can be very busy during the summer season, and parking - while plentiful (main car parks by the marina and on West Cliff) can be difficult to find. Unless you arrive early, you may find it best to park well out of the town centre and walk; it isn't far!
Just one railway mainline into Whitby remains, compared with four in its heyday. Northern Rail run four trains daily from Middlesbrough, taking a leisurely hour and a half for the journey along the pretty Esk Valley . North York Moors railway operate picturesque services to and from Whitby and the North York Moors, serving Grosmont, Goathland, Newtondale, Levisham, and Pickering.
If you're coming from York or anywhere further south, it may be quicker to either use the Coastliner bus (see below) from York - through tickets are available from any station in the country, ask for "Whitby Bus Station". Or to get the train from York to Scarborough and use the hourly bus from the front of the station to Whitby.
Despite its isolated location, Whitby is well connected by interurban buses. Arriva run services along the coast, with the X5 running every half-hour to Loftus and Middlesbrough, and the 93 running every hour (every half-hour in the summer) to Scarborough, as well as several local bus services. Coastliner run their renowned luxury spec buses four times a day from Leeds and York on the 840. Through tickets from any railway station are available on the Coastliner service from York, ask for "Whitby Bus Station" when buying your ticket. Additional services run on many routes during the summer. The bus station is located West of the River Esk in the Town Centre, next to the train station.
Whitby is a very compact town, and despite the hilly terrain is easy and rewarding to walk around.
Because of the lack of convenient parking in many areas, driving is not recommended, especially in the summer season.
There is an extensive network of local bus services across the town and to nearby villages.
Ghost walks- Whitby abbey and the town itself has a long history. There are many haunted sites so be sure to go on one of the guided ghost walks. Warning: the old town is a creepy place after dark and not for the faint hearted. Many strange, unnerving "incidents" have been reported and something not entirely benign clings to the ancient alleyways and yards. Enjoy the ghost tours by all means, but be careful what you meddle with in Whitby.
Dracula experience - walk through a tunnel modified like Dracula's Castle. 'look out for vampires'
199 steps - if you have the energy climb the 199 steps from town up to St Marys church and the Abbey. The view is good. Especially good after dark, but watch out for the big black dog.
Climb the old lighthouse - the taller of the two 19th century lighthouses flanking the harbour entrance is open to visitors in the busier part of the year for great views along the coast and back into the town. | <urn:uuid:f794d871-5559-4099-b975-a72745a42529> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wikitravel.org/wiki/en/index.php?title=Whitby&curid=6060&diff=1975108&oldid=1960269 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00281-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95629 | 958 | 1.5625 | 2 |
“Caribbean countries: Trapped?” by Sir Ronald Sanders
A common market in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) countries would lead to a substantial rise in the regional exports. This is one of the findings of a new World Bank Report entitled, ‘Trade matters: New opportunities for the Caribbean‘.
That statement might come as a surprise to many since CARICOM is an acronym for ‘Caribbean Community and Common Market‘. This would lead to the assumption that the 15-nations of CARICOM are already part of a common market. But they are not. The ‘common market‘ has been more aspirational than actual. Two of the CARICOM countries – The Bahamas and Haiti – are indeed only members of the ‘community’, participating actively solely in the functional co-operation aspects of CARICOM but not in trade.
In reality, after 43 years of existence, CARICOM is not yet a common market defined as “a stage in the multinational integration process, which aims to remove all the barriers to intra-Community trade with a view to the merger of national markets into a single market giving rise to conditions as close as possible to a genuine internal market“.
CARICOM has aspired to a ‘single market and economy’ since 1989. But, 17 years later, in 2006, only 12 member states created a framework for it. Since then, in 2011, the Heads of Government of CARICOM decided to “pause” the work toward its establishment. Therefore, the likelihood of a common market of CARICOM countries is remote and so too are the prospects of “a substantial rise in exports in the region” which the World Bank report anticipates would be a direct benefit of its creation.
I lament the thinking that has influenced pausing the establishment of a single market and halting work toward a common market. I subscribe to the view of the Distinguished Caribbean Economist, Terrence Farrell, who in summing up what countries of the region need to do to put themselves back on a growth trajectory, said: they need “to press the ‘Play‘ button on the CSME and accession to the CCJ by all West Indian territories. There are tough issues to be worked through such as the movement of labour and policy co-ordination. But it may be a helpful strategy to work these issues through sequentially and to link the sequencing with specific policy imperatives such as agriculture and regional food security“.
By not proceeding with the perfection of the single market, CARICOM countries are depriving themselves of a much needed opportunity and, by their delay, are exposing themselves to a long struggle to economic and fiscal improvement.
It may be that the political realities which militate against the perfection of a single market will be part of the CARICOM reality for some time to come. In this connection, the 7 smaller territories of CARICOM that comprise the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS) deserve praise for the continuous deepening of their integration process. They have announced that a single biometric ID card containing all required information will be issued to their citizens so that, in the near future, “people from the OECS will not even have to fill out immigration cards to move”. Already there is no need to obtain a skills certificate for nationals to move and live in any OECS member state.
Even if CARICOM governments are not ready to advance the single market, serious and meaningful consideration should be given to their trading relations with the rest of the world.
The importance of this was underscored by Owen Arthur as he reviewed the growth of mega trading blocs that are seeking to make themselves even more powerful. He observed: “The Caribbean has no relationship or forms of engagement with these new forces of global development. Indeed, the lack of any relationship with the new mega trading blocs could have devastating consequences. Their exports would enter each other’s markets duty free while ours would have to enter duty paid. The consequences for the Caribbean for failure to engage can therefore be catastrophic“.
In this regard, contrary to the view that individual CARICOM countries somehow miraculously stand a chance of achieving growth and development on their own, the institution of CARICOM and its joint machinery better offers them the chance to engage in the world trading system to their collective benefit. But governments have to be prepared to back the process, taking into account the interest of all, in a joint bargaining strategy.
The World Bank report argues that “The gains for the Caribbean of entry to the North American Free Trade Agreement would be six times the size of the gains for implementing a Caribbean common market. The negotiations toward a Canada-Caricom free trade agreement launched in 2007 should also be pursued.”
What has caused Caribbean concern about these negotiations in the past is a reasonable desire for compensatory mechanisms for loss of income and displacement of small producers arising from opening their markets to the US and Canada. This remains a valid concern and should form part of the region’s bargaining strategy, but it should not be a reason not to pursue the negotiations.
For, as Owen Arthur observed, the region “may come to find that our economies, as regards to our international economic relationships, remain trapped in the 20th century while the rest of the world marches on without us into the 21st.“ | <urn:uuid:087868e7-a465-4972-adf7-e5bfb7750b92> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bajanreporter.com/2015/06/caribbean-countries-trapped-by-sir-ronald-sanders/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.955844 | 1,119 | 2.578125 | 3 |
| Paul : An Answer To Gods Call
Today we are going to see the life of Paul who was first called Saul. We are going to see the most famous conversion story in history. Its more of a sudden surrender than a sudden conversion. Something about Stephen ( whom we studied about last week ) lingered in Paul's mind- "How could a bad man die like that? He couldn't be bad!". Paul had heard that certain Christians had escaped to Damascus. So he was on his way on foot to Damascus. The distance from Jerusalem to Damascus was 140 miles which might have taken about 1 week. He didn't have anybody to talk to and as he walked he must have thought.
1. Surrender to Christ
1 Meanwhile, Saul was still breathing out murderous threats against the Lord's disciples. He went to the high priest
2 and asked him for letters to the synagogues in Damascus, so that if he found any there who belonged to the Way, whether men or women, he might take them as prisoners to Jerusalem.
3 As he neared Damascus on his journey, suddenly a light from heaven flashed around him.
4 He fell to the ground and heard a voice say to him, "Saul, Saul, why do you persecute me?"
5 "Who are you, Lord?" Saul asked. "I am Jesus, whom you are persecuting," he replied.
6 "Now get up and go into the city, and you will be told what you must do."
We see here that on his journey as he thought about the death of Stephen, Jesus decides to surprise him with his appearance. As Paul falls on the ground he hears his voice which tells him "why do you persecute me.?" And Paul finds out its Jesus whom he was persecuting when he persecuted his disciples. Brothers / Sisters, the way we treat each other is the way we treat Jesus.
Watch your tongue
- Do we give time and not show up for appointments?
- Are we harsh in the way we talk?
- Do we lie?
The tongue also is a fire, a world of evil among the parts of the body. It corrupts the whole person, sets the whole course of his life on fire, and is itself set on fire by hell.
The tongue also is a fire, a world of evil among the parts of the body. We as disciples should be careful in our speech. Are we surrendering to one another as we do to Christ? Ephesians 5:21 says submit to one another out of reverence for Christ.
After Jesus introduces himself he tells him to go into the city and stay there till he is told what to do. We see Paul's attitude changing and he is surrendering to Christ, he's ready to do anything, go anywhere for Jesus. Are we like that? How do you feel when you are asked to go to a ministry which is little further from your house? Would you be fired-up? How do you feel if your discipler changes? Would you still listen and support the new one as you did to the earlier one? The meaning of surrendering yourself is that you are willing to give up anything, anytime, anywhere. That's why Paul became one of the most powerful apostles because he had the surrendering attitude. Lets decide to be like Paul today.
2. Baptized into Christ
10 In Damascus there was a disciple named Ananias. The Lord called to him in a vision, "Ananias!" "Yes, Lord," he answered.
11 The Lord told him, "Go to the house of Judas on Straight Street and ask for a man from Tarsus named Saul, for he is praying.
12 In a vision he has seen a man named Ananias come and place his hands on him to restore his sight."
13 "Lord," Ananias answered, "I have heard many reports about this man and all the harm he has done to your saints in Jerusalem.
14 And he has come here with authority from the chief priests to arrest all who call on your name."
15 But the Lord said to Ananias, "Go! This man is my chosen instrument to carry my name before the Gentiles and their kings and before the people of Israel.
16 I will show him how much he must suffer for my name."
17 Then Ananias went to the house and entered it. Placing his hands on Saul, he said, "Brother Saul, the Lord--Jesus, who appeared to you on the road as you were coming here--has sent me so that you may see again and be filled with the Holy Spirit."
18 Immediately, something like scales fell from Saul's eyes, and he could see again. He got up and was baptized,
When the message came to Ananias from God, he was directed to the street called "straight". This was a big street which ran from the east to the west of Damascus. We see Ananias willing to go and look for Saul even though he does not know his proper address. We also see Ananias showing brotherly, kindness to Saul, even though he is aware of Saul's violent past. Ananias calls him "brother Saul". Paul has been chosen to carry the name before Gentiles and Jews.
Q: Do we believe we are chosen instruments by the Lord himself? [Let some share and share yourself about how you got invited to the church] Then Ananias places his hands on Saul and scales fell from his eyes. Before this incident Saul was blinded. Q: In what ways do we get blinded by sin? ( Old sins come back, pride, lukewarm commitment, laziness)
But then Saul gets ready to be baptized when he has repented. Then Ananias asks him; Do you believe Jesus dies for your sins, and he was buried and he rose up on the third day..
Saul : Yes, I do.
Ananias : What is your good confession.
Saul : Jesus, is my Lord.
Ananias : Because of your good confession I want to baptize you in the name of the father, and of the son and of the holy spirit, so that all your sin will be forgiven and you will receive the gift of the Holyspirit. Then Saul gets baptized and comes out rejoicing.
Q: Do we remember the day of our baptism? Do we remember makings Jesus our Lord? Today is Jesus is our Lord or is it money, Job, studies, parents. The good confession we made was for real, for the rest of our life. Are we forgetting already. Lets not forget we got baptized into Christ. | <urn:uuid:1bae31aa-6d36-452d-af68-2b2549ba52c8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.incoc.org/Resources/LessonSeries.asp?Topic=Few%20Saints%20in%20Acts>opic=Paul%20:%20An%20Answer%20To%20Gods%20Call&Qday=3&QDB=FewSaintsInActs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.983859 | 1,410 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Geneva, 25 March 2013. In today's Physical Review Letters, the Antihydrogen TRAP (ATRAP1) experiment at CERN2's Antiproton Decelerator (AD) reports a new measurement of the antiprotonmagnetic moment made with an unprecedented uncertainty of 4.4 parts per million (ppm). This result is 680 times more precise than previous measurements. The unusual increase in precision is due to the experiment’s ability to trap individual protons and antiprotons, and to using a huge magnetic gradient to gain sensitivity to the tiny magnetic moment. ATRAP’s new result is partly an attempt to understand the matter-antimatter imbalance of the universe, one of the great mysteries of modern physics.
“Precise comparisons of properties of antimatter and matter particles are intriguing and important, given that the fundamental cause of the dramatic imbalance of antimatter and matter in the universe has yet to be discovered,” explained ATRAP spokesperson Gerald Gabrielse of Harvard University. "By comparing the antiproton's tiny magnetic moment to that of the proton, we test the Standard Model and its CPT theorem at a high precision.”
By applying its single particle approach to the study of antiprotons, the ATRAP experiment has been able make precise measurements of the charge, mass and magnetic moment of the antiproton. Using a device called a Penning trap, a sort of electromagnetic cage, the antiproton is suspended at the centre of an iron ring electrode sandwiched between copper electrodes. Thermal contact with liquid helium keeps the electrodes at 4.2 K, providing a nearly perfect vacuum that eliminates the stray matter atoms that could otherwise annihilate the antiproton. Static and oscillating voltages applied to the electrodes allow the antiproton to be manipulated and its properties to be measured.
The ATRAP team found that the magnetic moments of the antiproton and proton are "exactly opposite": equal in strength but opposite in direction with respect to the particle spins, consistent with the prediction of the Standard Model and its CPT theorem to 5 parts per million. However, the potential for much greater measurement precision puts ATRAP in position to eventually test the Standard Model prediction much more stringently.
“We plan to continue our investigation of CPT symmetry through further precision measurements of antiprotons,” said Gabrielse. "Combining the single particle methods with new quantum methods that make it possible to observe individual antiproton spin flips should make it feasible to compare an antiproton and proton to 1 part per billion or better.”
Physical Review Letters will next week publish a second report – the team's first observation of individual proton spin flips. Not content with the 680-fold more stringent test of the Standard Model and its CPT theorem reported today, ATRAP will use a proton to refine its new quantum methods to be ready to make increasingly precise tests when CERN resumes antiproton operations in 2014.
Read the full paper and viewpoint: http://physics.aps.org/articles/v6/36
1. The ATRAP collaboration consists of a team of scientists from Harvard University, Boston, USA, York University, Toronto, Canada, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Germany, and the Johannes Guttenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
2. CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, is the world's leading laboratory for particle physics. It has its headquarters in Geneva. At present, its member states are Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Romania is a candidate for accession. Cyprus, Israel and Serbia are associate members in the pre-stage to membership. India, Japan, the Russian Federation, the United States of America, Turkey, the European Commission and UNESCO have observer status. | <urn:uuid:9583c2df-5f26-47cf-bf47-dd9c28b47090> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://press.cern/press-releases/2013/03/atrap-experiment-makes-worlds-most-precise-measurement-antiproton-magnetic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280763.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00514-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.886934 | 829 | 3.3125 | 3 |
A year ago. The city center is empty and very quiet. Shops, restaurants, bars, theaters, museums are closed and we work from home. We help each other where necessary and the feeling of safety, nourished by social control in the neighborhood, increases. More than ever, we are concerned with our health and make intensive use of the available outdoor space. Children tirelessly play outside and are given more freedom because there is little or no traffic on the street. We order everything we need online; web shops and distribution centers work overtime. We are also (almost) completely dependent on the internet for work and social contact. Our range has decreased significantly, roads and motorways are almost empty and there is little or no flying. An additional advantage: our CO2 emissions are considerably lower.
COVID has uncovered the soul of the city and shows the flaws from our primary needs. The most important need, namely the interaction that we experience by making use of the different functions that a city normally offers and to meet (outside) people is missing. And if we look it up, preferably in the neighborhood. This also contributes to efficiency. By (partial) loss of travel time, (working) days can be organized more efficiently, especially if you can also place orders online and have them delivered at home. The urge for further efficiency will only increase in the coming years in the digital age and the 24/7 economy in which we live. Awareness of the importance of health and well-being has continuously increased; we want space to move, be fit and be able to be outside (together). The need for homes with outdoor space, garden, roof terrace or balcony has increased and the pressure on green areas in the area is enormous. Partly because of this, the (parked) car is expressed in the city, which contributes to cleaner air and our health. The infrastructure is due for change because we move differently through the city. More space is needed for (green) places to stay in the open air and to provide space for pedestrians, runners and playing children. By using technology we can then gain insight into where it is busy, which terrace or shopping area is full, what the air quality is, what the most efficient route is and when it is best to travel.
An example of a city that seems to take these components fully into account in its Spatial Strategy 2040 is Utrecht. The city has thus set an important point on the horizon; In 20 years, everything must be close by "within 10 minutes", the pressure has been taken off the city center by easily accessible and multifunctional hubs with enough space in between for greenery and where energy is generated sustainably in this inclusive city. COVID has not brought new insights, it has revealed what we actually already knew.
Every month a column is published on a topic related to the value of the city. This vision is based on internal research and dialogue with internal and external stakeholders, in close collaboration with consultants and analysts from our Real Estate Strategy & Innovation team. More background can be found in our Insight: the city after COVID (in Dutch). | <urn:uuid:e6642514-d4d6-4203-b3a1-5684ed423eba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cw-prod-emeagws-a-cd.azurewebsites.net/en/netherlands/insights/de-stad-na-covid | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.967913 | 635 | 2.09375 | 2 |
June 23, 2010 -- SuperGeo Technologies, the leading global provider of complete GIS software and solutions, announces that SuperGIS Spatial Analyst 2 supports Thiessen Polygon.
Thiessen Polygon is an analyst method usually utilized to estimate the average rainfall, average run-off in a certain area, etc. The feature of Thiessen Polygon is to use the specified sample points to divide a flat surface into polygons. Each polygon only contains one sample point. The distance between any location inside the polygon and the sample point is closer than the distance between that location and other sample points in other polygons.
With the analyst method, analysts can estimate the average volume in each area more accurately when they do not have enough observation points. Therefore, the estimated results can be the references for the advanced analysis and applications.
To experience Thiessen Polygon support in SuperGIS Spatial Analyst 2, please go to www.supergeotek.com.
SuperGeo Technologies Inc. is a leading global provider of GIS software and solutions. Since the establishment, SuperGeo has dedicated to providing state-of-the-art geospatial technologies and comprehensive services for customers around the world. It is our vision to help users utilize geospatial technologies to create a better world.
SuperGeo software and applications have been spread over the world to be the backbone of the world’s mapping and spatial analysis. SuperGeo is the professional GIS vendor, providing GIS-related users with complete GIS solutions for desktop, mobile, server, and Internet platforms. More information about SuperGeo is available at www.supergeotek.com | <urn:uuid:70f159fe-f5d0-4d9e-819b-313679fdd0c2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www10.giscafe.com/nbc/articles/view_article.php?section=Magazine&articleid=837180 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00305-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.879669 | 347 | 1.65625 | 2 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.